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Geng Y, Wang Z, Xu X, Sun X, Dong X, Luo Y, Sun X. Extensive therapeutic effects, underlying molecular mechanisms and disease treatment prediction of Metformin: a systematic review. Transl Res 2024; 263:73-92. [PMID: 37567440 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (Met), a first-line management for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been expansively employed and studied with results indicating its therapeutic potential extending beyond glycemic control. Beyond its established role, this therapeutic drug demonstrates a broad spectrum of action encompassing over 60 disorders, encompassing metabolic conditions, inflammatory disorders, carcinomas, cardiovascular diseases, and cerebrovascular pathologies. There is clear evidence of Met's action targeting specific nodes in the molecular pathways of these diseases and, intriguingly, interactions with the intestinal microbiota and epigenetic processes have been explored. Furthermore, novel Met derivatives with structural modifications tailored to diverse diseases have been synthesized and assessed. This manuscript proffers a comprehensive thematic review of the diseases amenable to Met treatment, elucidates their molecular mechanisms, and employs informatics technology to prospect future therapeutic applications of Met. These data and insights gleaned considerably contribute to enriching our understanding and appreciation of Met's far-reaching clinical potential and therapeutic applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Geng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Xi Dong
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Diabetes Research Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, China.
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2
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Yang M, Li J, Liu Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhuang A, Zhou H, Gu P, Fan X. An injectable vitreous substitute with sustained release of metformin for enhanced uveal melanoma immunotherapy. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:7077-7092. [PMID: 36326609 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults with a high rate of metastasis. Conventional treatments have limited effects on metastasis and cause permanent ocular tissue defects. Here, a novel strategy based on an injectable vitreous substitute with sustained metformin release ability (IVS-Met) was reported for efficient UM therapy as well as for repairing vitreous deficiency and preserving visual function. IVS-Met showed an excellent long-term anti-tumor effect by direct tumor attack and modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). IVS-Met reduced the proportion of pro-tumor M2 tumor-associated macrophages and induced the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, thus reversing the immunosuppressive TME and eliciting robust anti-tumor immune responses. Notably, IVS-Met demonstrated high performance in the inhibition of UM metastasis and significantly extended the survival time of mice. In addition, the vitreous substitute achieved facile administration via direct injection and exhibited excellent rheological and optical properties with the key parameters very close to those of the vitreous body to repair vitreous deficiency and preserve visual function. In summary, this strategy has realized effective UM treatment while retaining eyeballs and vision for the first time, revealing great potential for translation to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyue Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jipeng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
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3
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Triggle CR, Mohammed I, Bshesh K, Marei I, Ye K, Ding H, MacDonald R, Hollenberg MD, Hill MA. Metformin: Is it a drug for all reasons and diseases? Metabolism 2022; 133:155223. [PMID: 35640743 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metformin was first used to treat type 2 diabetes in the late 1950s and in 2022 remains the first-choice drug used daily by approximately 150 million people. An accumulation of positive pre-clinical and clinical data has stimulated interest in re-purposing metformin to treat a variety of diseases including COVID-19. In polycystic ovary syndrome metformin improves insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes metformin may help reduce the insulin dose. Meta-analysis and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies link metformin to a reduction in the incidence of cancer. Clinical trials, including MILES (Metformin In Longevity Study), and TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin), have been designed to determine if metformin can offset aging and extend lifespan. Pre-clinical and clinical data suggest that metformin, via suppression of pro-inflammatory pathways, protection of mitochondria and vascular function, and direct actions on neuronal stem cells, may protect against neurodegenerative diseases. Metformin has also been studied for its anti-bacterial, -viral, -malaria efficacy. Collectively, these data raise the question: Is metformin a drug for all diseases? It remains unclear as to whether all of these putative beneficial effects are secondary to its actions as an anti-hyperglycemic and insulin-sensitizing drug, or result from other cellular actions, including inhibition of mTOR (mammalian target for rapamycin), or direct anti-viral actions. Clarification is also sought as to whether data from ex vivo studies based on the use of high concentrations of metformin can be translated into clinical benefits, or whether they reflect a 'Paracelsus' effect. The environmental impact of metformin, a drug with no known metabolites, is another emerging issue that has been linked to endocrine disruption in fish, and extensive use in T2D has also raised concerns over effects on human reproduction. The objectives for this review are to: 1) evaluate the putative mechanism(s) of action of metformin; 2) analyze the controversial evidence for metformin's effectiveness in the treatment of diseases other than type 2 diabetes; 3) assess the reproducibility of the data, and finally 4) reach an informed conclusion as to whether metformin is a drug for all diseases and reasons. We conclude that the primary clinical benefits of metformin result from its insulin-sensitizing and antihyperglycaemic effects that secondarily contribute to a reduced risk of a number of diseases and thereby enhancing healthspan. However, benefits like improving vascular endothelial function that are independent of effects on glucose homeostasis add to metformin's therapeutic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R Triggle
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalifa Bshesh
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Isra Marei
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Kevin Ye
- Department of Biomedical Physiology & Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar; Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ross MacDonald
- Distribution eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, P.O. Box 24144, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, a Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, MO, USA
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Therapeutic Targets for Regulating Oxidative Damage Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Study from a Pharmacological Perspective. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8624318. [PMID: 35450409 PMCID: PMC9017553 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8624318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury is damage caused by restoring blood flow into ischemic tissues or organs. This complex and characteristic lesion accelerates cell death induced by signaling pathways such as apoptosis, necrosis, and even ferroptosis. In addition to the direct association between I-R and the release of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, it is involved in developing mitochondrial oxidative damage. Thus, its mechanism plays a critical role via reactive species scavenging, calcium overload modulation, electron transport chain blocking, mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation, or noncoding RNA transcription. Other receptors and molecules reduce tissue and organ damage caused by this pathology and other related diseases. These molecular targets have been gradually discovered and have essential roles in I-R resolution. Therefore, the current study is aimed at highlighting the importance of these discoveries. In this review, we inquire about the oxidative damage receptors that are relevant to reducing the damage induced by oxidative stress associated with I-R. Several complications on surgical techniques and pathology interventions do not mitigate the damage caused by I-R. Nevertheless, these therapies developed using alternative targets could work as coadjuvants in tissue transplants or I-R-related pathologies
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Pilmark NS, Oberholzer L, Halling JF, Kristensen JM, Bønding CP, Elkjær I, Lyngbæk M, Elster G, Siebenmann C, Holm NF, Birk JBB, Larsen EL, Meinild-Lundby AK, Wojtaszewski JF, Pilegaard H, Poulsen H, Pedersen BK, Hansen KB, Karstoft K. Skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are not influenced by metformin treatment in humans: secondary analyses of two randomised, clinical trials. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:309-320. [PMID: 34784247 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metformin and exercise both improve glycemic control, but in vitro studies have indicated that an interaction between metformin and exercise occurs in skeletal muscle, suggesting a blunting effect of metformin on exercise training adaptations. Two studies (a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized clinical trial conducted in 29 glucose-intolerant individuals and a double-blind, cross-over trial conducted in 15 healthy lean males) were included in this paper. In both studies, the effect of acute exercise +/- metformin treatment on different skeletal muscle variables, previously suggested to be involved in a pharmaco-physiological interaction between metformin and exercise, was assessed. Furthermore, in the parallel-group trial, the effect of 12 weeks of exercise training was assessed. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before and after acute exercise and 12 weeks of exercise training, and mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress and AMPK activation was determined. Metformin did not significantly affect the effects of acute exercise or exercise training on mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress or AMPK activation, indicating that the response to acute exercise and exercise training adaptations in skeletal muscle is not affected by metformin treatment. Further studies are needed to investigate whether an interaction between metformin and exercise is present in other tissues, e.g. the gut. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03316690 and NCT02951260). Novelty bullets • Metformin does not affect exercise-induced alterations in mitochondrial respiratory capacity in human skeletal muscle • Metformin does not affect exercise-induced alterations in systemic levels of oxidative stress nor emission of reactive oxygen species from human skeletal muscle • Metformin does not affect exercise-induced AMPK activation in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Skytt Pilmark
- Rigshospitalet, 53146, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Laura Oberholzer
- Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100;
| | - Jens Frey Halling
- university of copenhagen, department of biology, , copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,, copenhagen, Denmark;
| | | | - Ida Elkjær
- Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Mark Lyngbæk
- Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Grit Elster
- Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Christoph Siebenmann
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine,, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy, bolzano, Italy;
| | - Niels Frederich Holm
- Center for Physical Activity Research, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Jesper Bratz Bratz Birk
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,, copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Emil List Larsen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, 53146, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark;
| | | | - J F Wojtaszewski
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports,, copenhagen, Denmark;
| | | | - Henrik Poulsen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, 53146, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark;
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Rigshospitalet, 53146, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism / Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), København, Denmark;
| | - Katrine Bagge Hansen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 53138, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark, Gentofte, Denmark;
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Rigshospitalet, 53146, Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2100.,Bispebjerg Hospital, 53166, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2400;
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6
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Wen H, Fei Y, Cai R, Yao X, Li Y, Wang X, Xue C, Hu Y, Li M, Luo Z. Tumor-activatable biomineralized nanotherapeutics for integrative glucose starvation and sensitized metformin therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121165. [PMID: 34649197 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is a clinically-approved anti-diabetic drug with emerging antitumor potential, but its antitumor activity is highly susceptible to local glucose abundance. Herein, we construct a nanotherapeutic platform based on biocompatible constituents to sensitize tumor cells for metformin therapy via cooperative glucose starvation. The nanoplatform was synthesized through the spontaneous biomineralization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and metformin in amorphous calcium phosphate nanosubstrate, which was further modified with polyethylene glycol and cRGD ligands. This biomineralized nanosystem could efficiently deliver the therapeutic payloads to tumor cells in a targeted and bioresponsive manner. Here GOx could catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid and H2O2, thus depleting the glucose in tumor intracellular compartment while accelerating the release of the entrapped therapeutic payloads. The selective glucose deprivation would not only disrupt tumor energy metabolism, but also upregulate the PP2A regulatory subunit B56δ and sensitize tumor cells to the metformin-induced CIP2A inhibition, leading to efficient apoptosis induction via PP2A-GSK3β-MCL-1 axis with negligible side effects. This study may offer new avenues for targeted tumor therapy in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wen
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yang Fei
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Ruisi Cai
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xuemei Yao
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Chencheng Xue
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Zhong Luo
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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Hu X, Luo H, Dou C, Chen X, Huang Y, Wang L, Xue S, Sun Z, Chen S, Xu Q, Geng T, Zhao X, Cui H. Metformin Triggers Apoptosis and Induction of the G0/G1 Switch 2 Gene in Macrophages. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091437. [PMID: 34573418 PMCID: PMC8468785 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has been recently demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory properties via AMPK-mediated modulation of M2 macrophage activation. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of metformin on inflammatory macrophages are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we found that metformin induced apoptosis in macrophages. In particular, metformin induced apoptosis of M1 macrophages, based on M1 marker genes in apoptotic macrophages. Next, we comprehensively screened metformin-responsive genes in macrophages by RNA-seq and focused on the extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway. The G0/G1 switch 2 gene (G0S2) was robustly up-regulated by metformin in macrophages. Overexpression of G0S2 significantly induced apoptosis of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner and blunted the function of the crucial anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, which was significantly reduced by metformin. These findings show that metformin promoted apoptosis of macrophages, especially M1 macrophages, via G0S2 induction and provides a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin through induction of macrophage apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Hu
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Huan Luo
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Chunfeng Dou
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Xujing Chen
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Liping Wang
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Songlei Xue
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Zhen Sun
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Shihao Chen
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Tuoyu Geng
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Hengmi Cui
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (X.H.); (H.L.); (C.D.); (X.C.); (L.W.); (S.X.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (T.G.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agricultural & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention & Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases & Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (H.C.)
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8
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Dang KR, Wu T, Hui YN, Du HJ. Newly-found functions of metformin for the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1274-1280. [PMID: 34414094 PMCID: PMC8342286 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), a first-line oral agent used to treat diabetes, exerts its function mainly by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein. The accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in the outer layer of the retina plays a key role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells death and the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which mean the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recent studies have shown that MET can regulate lipid metabolism, inhibit inflammation, and prohibit retinal cell death and CNV formation due to various pathological factors. Here, newly discovered functions of MET that may be used for the prevention and treatment of AMD were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Rong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Nian Hui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Jun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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9
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Icard P, Loi M, Wu Z, Ginguay A, Lincet H, Robin E, Coquerel A, Berzan D, Fournel L, Alifano M. Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1461-1480. [PMID: 33530098 PMCID: PMC8321873 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex mix of cancerous and noncancerous cells (especially immune cells and fibroblasts) with distinct metabolisms. These cells interact with each other and are influenced by the metabolic disorders of the host. In this review, we discuss how metabolic pathways that sustain biosynthesis in cancer cells could be targeted to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies by limiting the nutrient uptake of the cell, inactivating metabolic enzymes (key regulatory ones or those linked to cell cycle progression), and inhibiting ATP production to induce cell death. Furthermore, we describe how the microenvironment could be targeted to activate the immune response by redirecting nutrients toward cytotoxic immune cells or inhibiting the release of waste products by cancer cells that stimulate immunosuppressive cells. We also examine metabolic disorders in the host that could be targeted to inhibit cancer development. To create future personalized therapies for targeting each cancer tumor, novel techniques must be developed, such as new tracers for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan and immunohistochemical markers to characterize the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Pending personalized strategies that specifically target all metabolic components of cancer development in a patient, simple metabolic interventions could be tested in clinical trials in combination with standard cancer therapies, such as short cycles of fasting or the administration of sodium citrate or weakly toxic compounds (such as curcumin, metformin, lipoic acid) that target autophagy and biosynthetic or signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Icard
- Université Caen Normandie, Medical School, CHU de Caen, Caen, France
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM U1086, Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mauro Loi
- Radiotherapy Department, Humanitas Cancer Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Zherui Wu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Ginguay
- Service de Biochimie, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Centre, AP-HP, Paris, France
- EA4466 Laboratoire de Biologie de la Nutrition, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hubert Lincet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), France
- ISPB, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Edouard Robin
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Coquerel
- INSERM U1075, Comete “Mobilités: Attention, Orientation, Chronobiologie”, Université Caen, Caen, France
| | - Diana Berzan
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Hôpital Cochin, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, AP-HP, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- INSERM U1138, Integrative Cancer Immunology, Paris, France
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10
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Belosludtsev KN, Belosludtseva NV, Dubinin MV. Diabetes Mellitus, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ca 2+-Dependent Permeability Transition Pore. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186559. [PMID: 32911736 PMCID: PMC7555889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the developed world, and is associated either with the impaired secretion of insulin or with the resistance of cells to the actions of this hormone (type I and type II diabetes, respectively). In both cases, a common pathological change is an increase in blood glucose—hyperglycemia, which eventually can lead to serious damage to the organs and tissues of the organism. Mitochondria are one of the main targets of diabetes at the intracellular level. This review is dedicated to the analysis of recent data regarding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of diabetes mellitus. Specific areas of focus include the involvement of mitochondrial calcium transport systems and a pathophysiological phenomenon called the permeability transition pore in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The important contribution of these systems and their potential relevance as therapeutic targets in the pathology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-929-913-8910
| | - Natalia V. Belosludtseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Transport, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Dubinin
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Microbiology, Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, 424001 Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, Russia; (N.V.B.); (M.V.D.)
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11
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Hernández-Arciga U, Hernández-Álvarez D, López-Cervantes SP, López-Díazguerrero NE, Alarcón-Aguilar A, Luna-López A, Königsberg M. Effect of long-term moderate-exercise combined with metformin-treatment on antioxidant enzymes activity and expression in the gastrocnemius of old female Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2020; 21:787-805. [PMID: 32749628 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the etiology of sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass and force related to elderly incapacity. A successful intervention to prevent this condition has been exercise-based therapy. Metformin (MTF), an anti-diabetic drug with pleiotropic effects, is known to retain redox homeostasis. However, the combined use of MTF with exercise has shown controversial experimental results. Our research group has shown that MTF-treatment does not limit the benefits provided by exercise, probably by inducing a hormetic response. Hence, our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise in combination with MTF-treatment on the redox state of old female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups; three groups preformed exercise on a treadmill for 5 days/week for 20 months and the other three were sedentary. Also, two groups of each, exercised and sedentary animals were treated with MTF for 6 or 12 months correspondingly, beside the untreated groups. Rats were euthanized at 24 months. Muscular functionality was analyzed as the relation between the lean mass free of bone with respect to the grip strength. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase content, enzymatic activity and redox state were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle. Our results showed that the exercised group treated with MTF for 12 months presented higher GSH/GSSG rate and high antioxidant scavenging power in contrast to the MTF-treatment for 6 months, where the beneficial effect was less noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Stefanie Paola López-Cervantes
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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12
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Reyes-Castellanos G, Masoud R, Carrier A. Mitochondrial Metabolism in PDAC: From Better Knowledge to New Targeting Strategies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080270. [PMID: 32756381 PMCID: PMC7460249 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands. The first observation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells was made a century ago (“Warburg effect” or aerobic glycolysis), leading to the classical view that cancer metabolism relies on a glycolytic phenotype. There is now accumulating evidence that most cancers also rely on mitochondria to satisfy their metabolic needs. Indeed, the current view of cancer metabolism places mitochondria as key actors in all facets of cancer progression. Importantly, mitochondrial metabolism has become a very promising target in cancer therapy, including for refractory cancers such as Pancreatic Ductal AdenoCarcinoma (PDAC). In particular, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an important target in cancer therapy. Other therapeutic strategies include the targeting of glutamine and fatty acids metabolism, as well as the inhibition of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle intermediates. A better knowledge of how pancreatic cancer cells regulate mitochondrial metabolism will allow the identification of metabolic vulnerabilities and thus novel and more efficient therapeutic options for the benefit of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice Carrier
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-491828829; Fax: +33-491826083
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13
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Yang W, Shin HY, Cho H, Chung JY, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Kang ES. TOM40 Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Growth by Modulating Mitochondrial Function Including Intracellular ATP and ROS Levels. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051329. [PMID: 32456076 PMCID: PMC7281007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TOM40 is a channel-forming subunit of translocase, which is essential for the movement of proteins into the mitochondria. We found that TOM40 was highly expressed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells at both the transcriptional and translational levels; its expression increased significantly during the transformation from normal ovarian epithelial cells to EOC (p < 0.001), and TOM40 expression negatively correlated with disease-free survival (Hazard ratio = 1.79, 95% Confidence inerval 1.16–2.78, p = 0.009). TOM40 knockdown decreased proliferation in several EOC cell lines and reduced tumor burden in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. TOM40 expression positively correlated with intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels. The low ATP and high reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in TOM40 knockdown EOC cells. However, AMPK activity did not correlate with declined cell growth in TOM40 knockdown EOC cells. We found that metformin, first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes, effectively inhibited the growth of EOC cell lines in an AMPK-independent manner by inhibiting mitochondria complex I. In conclusion, TOM40 positively correlated with mitochondrial activities, and its association enhances the proliferation of ovarian cancer. Also, metformin is an effective therapeutic option in TOM40 overexpressed ovarian cancer than normal ovarian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wookyeom Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (W.Y.); (H.-Y.S.); (H.C.); (E.-j.L.)
| | - Ha-Yeon Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (W.Y.); (H.-Y.S.); (H.C.); (E.-j.L.)
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (W.Y.); (H.-Y.S.); (H.C.); (E.-j.L.)
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Eun-ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (W.Y.); (H.-Y.S.); (H.C.); (E.-j.L.)
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea; (W.Y.); (H.-Y.S.); (H.C.); (E.-j.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (E.-S.K.); Tel.:+82-2-2019-3430 (J.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-2703 (E.-S.K.); Fax: +82-2-3462-8209 (J.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-2719 (E.-S.K.)
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (E.-S.K.); Tel.:+82-2-2019-3430 (J.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-2703 (E.-S.K.); Fax: +82-2-3462-8209 (J.-H.K.); +82-2-3410-2719 (E.-S.K.)
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