1
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Feijo LS, Wolfsdorf KE, Canisso IF, Parry S, Felippe MJB. Application of blood parameters for the early diagnosis of natural ascending placentitis in pregnant mares. Theriogenology 2024; 228:37-53. [PMID: 39089073 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Placental infection is an important cause of late-term pregnancy loss and neonatal diseases in horses. Detection of changes in blood parameters especially during early placentitis could improve the diagnostic accuracy, treatment decision, and potential outcomes. The objectives of this 2-part study were to identify differences in circulating immunological, inflammatory, and hormonal parameters between mares with natural ascending placentitis and control mares; evaluate each and combination of parameters as predictors of placentitis; and determine how these parameters indicate severity of placentitis. Reproductive examination and blood sampling were prospectively performed on pregnant mares in a natural setting. Study 1 enrolled mares diagnosed with early stage of ascending placentitis based on ultrasonographic findings (n = 12), and gestationally age-matched mares with healthy pregnancies as controls (n = 12). Blood samples were classified as pre-onset (before) and early onset (at the time of ultrasonographic changes) of placentitis. There were no detected statistically significant differences between groups and timepoints in immunological and inflammatory parameters, including peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations, cytokine, and serum amyloid A concentrations. The placentitis group showed a reduced (P = 0.01) DHP/20α-DHP ratio when compared to the control group at the early onset timepoint. Plasma estradiol-17β concentration <359 pg/mL predicted ascending placentitis with acceptable accuracy (area under the curve, AUC = 0.71). Combined albumin <3.7 g/dL, estradiol-17β < 499 ng/mL, and DHP <33 ng/mL predicted 100 % of cases of ascending placentitis. In study 2, samples were classified according to the presence and severity of the abnormal ultrasonographic findings as mild (n = 11) and moderate-severe (n = 23), and gestationally age-matched with samples from control mares (n = 34). Mares with moderate-severe ascending placentitis had increased (P = 0.03) plasma 20α-DHP concentration and reduced (P = 0.03) DHP/20α-DHP ratio when compared to control mares. Our results suggest that the early events of ascending placentitis detected by ultrasonographic findings include hormonal alterations of feto-placental metabolism measurable in the mare's circulation, yet without obvious systemic immunological and inflammatory changes. Additional studies are warranted to further assess how hormonal markers and cutoff values could guide decisions for timely therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S Feijo
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephen Parry
- Cornell Statistical Consulting Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Julia B Felippe
- Equine Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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2
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Kędzierski W, Kowalik S, Maśko M, Janczarek I, Bełkot Z. Plasma relaxin, estrogens and progestogens concentration in coldblooded and hot-blood mares in the second half of gestation. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105017. [PMID: 38309541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring estrogens, progestogens, and relaxin plasma concentration can be important for determining pregnancies at risk of failure in mares. However, significant breed-related differences in values of reproductive hormones are known, and data concerning coldblooded (CB) mares are missing. The aim of the study was to determine and compare serum relaxin, estrone sulphate (E1S), estradiol-17β (E2), and progestogens concentration in pregnant CB and hot-blood (HB) mares during the second half of gestation. Blood samples obtained from 94 healthy mares in the second half of gestation with known mating dates were analyzed. Samples were collected from 36 CB mares aged from 3 to 16 years and 58 HB mares aged from 4 to 17 years. The hormone concentrations were measured using immunoenzymatic equine species-specific commercial kits. The serum relaxin concentration was almost three times lower in CB, whereas E1S and E2 almost twice as low, as compared to HB mares (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the extremely low concentration of relaxin in CB mares could be one reason for the increased amounts of difficult parturition requiring veterinary intervention noted in these breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwester Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Maśko
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Doświadczalna 50, 20-280 Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bełkot
- Department of Food Hygiene of Animal Origin, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Gao Y, Yoshida S, Takeyama A, Tagami M, Rajabi-Toustani R, Tsogtgerel M, Nambo Y. Use of Transabdominal Ultrasound and Maternal Hormone Testing for the Prenatal Monitoring of Equine Fetal Enlarged Bladder. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 128:104867. [PMID: 37329927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound examination during late gestation is one of the best methods for monitoring potential pregnancy risks. Enlarged bladder is a urological disorder rarely observed in equine fetuses. This clinical case report aimed to present a case illustrating the development of equine fetal enlarged bladder using transabdominal ultrasound examinations and maternal hormone evaluation during gestation. An 8-year-old Hokkaido native pony was impregnated by embryo transfer, and at 215 days of gestation, abnormalities of the fetal bladder were detected. The bladder volume increased with gestational age, and a second bladder was observed at 257 days of gestation. No abnormalities were observed in the fetal kidneys. Moreover, the maternal plasma progesterone concentration was measured throughout the gestation period. The progesterone concentration was elevated from 36 weeks of gestation until parturition. At 363 days of gestation, parturition induction was conducted, and a foal successfully delivered. This case report is the first to describe the development of equine fetal enlarged bladder and record the corresponding ultrasound and hormone profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sakura Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeyama
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tagami
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Reza Rajabi-Toustani
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
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4
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Tsogtgerel M, Murase H, Moriyama H, Sato F, Nambo Y. Plasma activin A concentrations during late gestation in Thoroughbred mares with abnormal pregnancies. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 120:104184. [PMID: 36470514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Late-term fetal loss in horses is a major problem in the horse-breeding industry globally. Abnormal pregnancies should be diagnosed as early as possible to prevent abortions and other gestational problems. According to our previous longitudinal study in healthy pregnant mares, the plasma activin A concentration increases as pregnancy progresses. The aim of the present study was to compare plasma activin A concentrations in healthy pregnant Thoroughbred mares (n=40) with those in pregnant mares that suffered fetal loss or showed abnormal symptoms (n=30) during late gestation. This field study found that plasma activin A concentrations were higher in the abnormal group (pregnancy loss, red bag delivery, premature udder development, and vaginal discharge) than the normal group (P < 0.001; cutoff value: ≥ 138.2 pg/mL; sensitivity, 74.4%; specificity, 77.5%). More specifically, plasma activin A concentrations in the "symptom" and "abnormal delivery" subgroups were higher than those in gestational-age-matched normal groups (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the plasma activin A concentration in the "normal delivery" subgroup was not different from that in the "abnormal delivery" subgroup in samples collected within 10 days before delivery. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate a significantly earlier increase in plasma activin A concentration in abnormal pregnancies of Thoroughbred mares during late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhtuul Tsogtgerel
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan; School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 17024, Mongolia
| | - Harutaka Murase
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido, 057-0171, Japan
| | | | - Fumio Sato
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi, 329-0412, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
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5
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Ledeck J, Dufour P, Evrard É, Le Goff C, Peeters S, Brutinel F, Egyptien S, Deleuze S, Cavalier É, Ponthier J. Evolution of 17-β-estradiol, estrone and estrone-sulfate concentrations in late pregnancy of different breeds of mares using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Theriogenology 2022; 189:86-91. [PMID: 35738034 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes 17-β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estrone-sulfate (E1S) concentrations between 4 and 11 months in healthy equine pregnancies of two different breeds using Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass-Spectrometry (LC-MS). In 2 stud-farms including 15 Spanish PureBred (SPB) and 11 Showjumping (SJ) types mares, combined thickness of the uterus and the placenta (CTUP) was measured and blood was sampled monthly between 4 and 11 months of gestation. Concentrations of E2, E1 and E1S were assayed with LC-MS in mares with normal CTUP. Effects of breed, day of pregnancy and mare's parity and age on estrogens concentrations were investigated. Peak of E2 was observed at 5 months (median: 46.4 pg/mL; maximum: 201.5 pg/mL). A strong correlation was observed between E1 and E1S (p < 0.0001, r = 0.85). Peak of E1 (median: 571.0 pg/mL; maximum: 1641.9 pg/mL) and E1S (median: 573.6 ng/mL; maximum: 997.6 ng/mL) concentrations was observed at the 5th month and then E1S decreased quicker than E1 until the end of pregnancy. Higher E2 and E1 concentrations were observed in SJ than in SPB mares between the 6th and the 8th months. No difference between breeds was observed for E1S monthly evolution. Estrogen peak values were all observed at 5 months. Unlike recent LC-MS studies, E1S values observed here were in the same range than those previously established using immuno-assays. After the 6th month, E1S decreased quicker than E1. Effect of breed only observed on non-sulfonated estrogens should be further confirmed. These findings confirm that sulfonation activity of the allantochorion may be limited after the 6th month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Ledeck
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Élise Evrard
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Flore Brutinel
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Sophie Egyptien
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Stéfan Deleuze
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium
| | - Étienne Cavalier
- Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital (CHU), Liège University, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Theriogenology, Equine Clinical Sciences Department, FARAH Comparative Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Belgium.
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6
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Domino M, Borowska M, Kozłowska N, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasiński T, Smyth G, Maśko M. Advances in Thermal Image Analysis for the Detection of Pregnancy in Horses Using Infrared Thermography. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:191. [PMID: 35009733 PMCID: PMC8749616 DOI: 10.3390/s22010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermography (IRT) was applied as a potentially useful tool in the detection of pregnancy in equids, especially native or wildlife. IRT measures heat emission from the body surface, which increases with the progression of pregnancy as blood flow and metabolic activity in the uterine and fetal tissues increase. Conventional IRT imaging is promising; however, with specific limitations considered, this study aimed to develop novel digital processing methods for thermal images of pregnant mares to detect pregnancy earlier with higher accuracy. In the current study, 40 mares were divided into non-pregnant and pregnant groups and imaged using IRT. Thermal images were transformed into four color models (RGB, YUV, YIQ, HSB) and 10 color components were separated. From each color component, features of image texture were obtained using Histogram Statistics and Grey-Level Run-Length Matrix algorithms. The most informative color/feature combinations were selected for further investigation, and the accuracy of pregnancy detection was calculated. The image texture features in the RGB and YIQ color models reflecting increased heterogeneity of image texture seem to be applicable as potential indicators of pregnancy. Their application in IRT-based pregnancy detection in mares allows for earlier recognition of pregnant mares with higher accuracy than the conventional IRT imaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (N.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Marta Borowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Natalia Kozłowska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (N.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Łukasz Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (N.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Tomasz Jasiński
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.D.); (N.K.); (T.J.)
| | - Graham Smyth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University School of Medicine, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Małgorzata Maśko
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Gao Y, Hannan MA, Murata K, Rajabi-Toustani R, Nambo Y. Ultrasonographic examination of equine fetal growth parameters throughout gestation in pony for Equine-Assisted Therapy. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:74-81. [PMID: 34819425 PMCID: PMC8810330 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) is gaining popularity. Ultrasound examination is used to decrease the abortion rate in horses. In this study, to monitor fetal well-being throughout the gestation for EAT, we measured fetal heart rate (FHR), fetal eye orbit (FEO), fetal gonad length (FGL), fetal kidney length (FKL), and the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (CTUP) by ultrasonography in pony mares. Additionally, we measured the plasma progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) concentrations in pregnant horses using enzyme immunoassay. The FGL peaked at week 32 and then decreased to term, and a strong correlation (r=0.72, P<0.001) between the FGL and E2 concentration was observed. A strong correlation with gestational age was detected among the FEO (r=0.96, P<0.001), FKL (r=0.85, P<0.001), and CTUP (r=0.96, P<0.001). The P4 concentration peaked at week 10, decreased to low levels (below 5 ng/ml), and peaked before parturition. In conclusion, this study provides information on fetal growth throughout gestation in pony mares for EAT. In addition, it revealed the relationship between ultrasonographic profile and plasma hormone concentrations during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhi Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - M A Hannan
- Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Khulna Agricultural University
| | - Kaishi Murata
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Reza Rajabi-Toustani
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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8
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Estrogens Regulate Placental Angiogenesis in Horses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212116. [PMID: 34829994 PMCID: PMC8621320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A sufficient vascular network within the feto-maternal interface is necessary for placental function. Several pregnancy abnormalities have been associated with abnormal vascular formations in the placenta. We hypothesized that growth and expansion of the placental vascular network in the equine (Equus caballus) placenta is regulated by estrogens (estrogen family hormones), a hormone with a high circulating concentration during equine gestation. Administration of letrozole, a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase, during the first trimester (D30 to D118), decreased circulatory estrone sulfate concentrations, increased circulatory testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, and tended to reduce the weight of the fetus (p < 0.1). Moreover, the gene expression of CYP17A1 was increased, and the expression of androgen receptor was decreased in the D120 chorioallantois (CA) of letrozole-treated mares in comparison to that of the control mares. We also found that at D120, the number of vessels tended to decrease in the CAs with letrozole treatment (p = 0.07). In addition, expression of a subset of angiogenic genes, such as ANGPT1, VEGF, and NOS2, were altered in the CAs of letrozole-treated mares. We further demonstrated that 17β-estradiol increases the expression of ANGPT1 and VEGF and increases the angiogenic activity of equine endothelial cells in vitro. Our results from the estrogen-suppressed group demonstrated an impaired placental vascular network, suggesting an estrogen-dependent vasculogenesis in the equine CA during the first trimester.
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9
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Maśko M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Jasiński T, Domino M. Thermal features, ambient temperature and hair coat lengths: Limitations of infrared imaging in pregnant primitive breed mares within a year. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1315-1328. [PMID: 34310786 PMCID: PMC9292174 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infrared thermography is a non‐invasive technique which allows to distinguish between pregnant and non‐pregnant animals. Detecting accurate body surface temperatures can be challenging due to external factors altering thermograph measurements. This study aimed to determine the associations between the ambient temperature, the hair coat features and the temperatures of mares' abdomens. It compared pregnant and non‐pregnant mares throughout 11 months. The research was carried out on 40 Konik Polski mares, which were divided into pregnant and non‐pregnant groups. The temperature (Tmax, maximal; Taver, average; Tmin, minimal) of the mares' abdomen was evaluated in two regions of interest: the whole area of the lateral surface of the mares' abdomen (Px1) and the flank area of the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px2). During the increasing period, the slopes in the linear regression equation did not differ significantly for ambient (Tamb) and surface temperatures in both groups. In the decreasing period, the slopes did not differ significantly for Tamb and Tmax in the non‐pregnant group. They also did not differ for Tamb and Taver in Px1 and Tamb and Tmin in Px1 in both pregnant and non‐pregnant groups respectively. Other slopes varied significantly (p < .001). There was no evidence of parallel changes in hair coat features and measured temperatures. The flank area appears more suitable for thermal imaging in pregnant mares due to the seasonal fluctuations in hair coat lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maśko
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jasiński
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS - SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Maśko M, Zdrojkowski Ł, Wierzbicka M, Domino M. Association between the Area of the Highest Flank Temperature and Concentrations of Reproductive Hormones during Pregnancy in Polish Konik Horses-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1517. [PMID: 34071111 PMCID: PMC8224734 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of the pregnancy status is one of the most important factors for effective pregnancy management. Knowledge of the stage of pregnancy is important to interpret many of the reproductive hormones' concentrations, including progesterone (P4), estrone sulfate (E1S), 17-ß estradiol (E2), and relaxin (REL). However, it is limited in wildlife or captive equids that cannot be handled. Reproductive hormones affect regional blood flow, the proliferation of tissues, and local metabolism intensity. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to assess changes in thermal features of the abdomen lateral surface and concentrations of reproductive hormones in Polish native pregnant mares. The study was carried out on 14 non-pregnant and 26 pregnant Polish Konik mares during eleven months of pregnancy. Infrared thermography was conducted to image the lateral surface of mares' abdomen (Px1) and flank area (Px2); P4, E1S, E2, and REL concentrations in serum were also determined. The evidence of the association between the area with the highest temperatures (Area of Tmax) and serum concentrations of P4 (the slope = 1.373; p = 0.9245) and REL (the slope = 1.342; p = 0.4324) were noted dependent across months of pregnancy. Measures of superficial body temperatures were found to change monthly, similarly to ambient temperatures, with no evidence of coincidence with changes in reproductive hormone concentrations. Individual thermal characteristics of the lateral surface of the abdomen differed between pregnant and non-pregnant mares in other periods. Differences in maximal and average temperature and Area of Tmax were observed from the sixth month of pregnancy, and those in minimal temperature were observed from the eighth month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maśko
- Department of Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (Ł.Z.); (M.W.)
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11
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Dufour P, Courtois J, Seynaeve Y, Peeters S, Le Goff C, Cavalier E, Ponthier J. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (LC-MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of estrone-3-sulfate, progesterone, estrone and estradiol in serum of mares and American bisons. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:343-350. [PMID: 33770524 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid concentrations in serum are fluctuating during pregnancy of many mammal species. The current knowledge about endocrinology of gestation is mainly based on immunoassays. However, the lack of specificity of these assays hampers the reliability of the results. In the present work, we developed and validated a methodology associating liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS) to simultaneously quantify, with high specificity and accuracy, estrone-3-sulfate (E3S), progesterone (PRO), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) in serum of two different mammal species. The sample preparation procedure is based on a simple protein precipitation and a derivatization with dansyl chloride. After the chromatographical separation, compounds were analyzed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring. Mare and American bison serum samples were analyzed with the validated method and results were compared with concentrations measured with commercial radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Following these criterions: relative standard deviation <15% and relative bias <15%, lower limits of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL (E3S), 0.1 ng/mL (PRO) and 2 pg/mL (E1 and E2) were achieved. Most of the comparison between immunoassays and LC-MS showed poor correlation and proportional differences. Our LC-MS method is able to simultaneously quantify several steroid hormones with high specificity, accuracy and sensitivity in serum of two different mammal species. Our method constitutes a useful and performant tool for veterinary clinicians and LC-MS should thus be used to update and refine the current knowledge about the endocrinology of pregnancy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Dufour
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Justine Courtois
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ysaline Seynaeve
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Peeters
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Le Goff
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Etienne Cavalier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Liège (ULiège), CHU (B35), 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ponthier
- Equine Reproduction, Equine Clinic Department, University of Liège (ULiège), 5D, AV de Cureghem, B41, Quartier Vallée 2, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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12
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Fedorka CE, Ball BA, Wynn MAA, McCormick ME, Scoggin KE, Esteller-Vico A, Curry TE, Kennedy LA, Squires EL, Troedsson MHT. Alterations of Circulating Biomarkers During Late Term Pregnancy Complications in the Horse Part II: Steroid Hormones and Alpha-Fetoprotein. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 99:103395. [PMID: 33781417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Preterm labor and/or abortion causes considerable economic impact on the equine industry. Unfortunately, few experimental models exist for the induction of various pregnancy-related complications, and therefore extrapolations are made from the experimental model for ascending placentits, although inferences may be minimal. Certain steroid hormones (progestogens, estrogens) and fetal proteins (alpha-fetoprotein; AFP) might improve the diagnostics for abnormal pregnancy, but the utility of these markers in the field is unknown. To assess this, thoroughbred mares (n = 702) were bled weekly beginning in December 2013 until parturition/abortion. Following parturition, fetal membranes were assessed histopathologically and classified as either ascending placentitis (n = 6), focal mucoid placentitis (n = 6), idiopathic abortion (n = 6) or no disease (n = 20). Weekly serum samples were analyzed for concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17β, and AFP. Samples were analyzed retrospectively from the week of parturition/abortion in addition to the preceding four weeks. For both ascending and focal mucoid placentitis, a significant increase in progesterone and AFP was noted, alongside a significant decrease in estradiol-17β and the ratio of estradiol-17β to progesterone in comparison to controls. In contrast, idiopathic abortions experienced a decrease in progesterone concentrations alongside an increase in AFP, and this was only noted in the week preceding parturition/abortion. In conclusion, spontaneous placental infection in the horse altered both endocrine and feto-secretory markers in maternal circulation, while minimal changes were noted preceding noninfectious idiopathic abortion. Additionally, this is the first study to report an alteration in steroid hormones and AFP during the disease process of focal mucoid placentitis, the etiology of which includes Nocardioform placentitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carleigh E Fedorka
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Barry A Ball
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
| | - Michelle A A Wynn
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Meghan E McCormick
- Rhode Island College, College of Nursing, Providence, RI; Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI
| | - Kirsten E Scoggin
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Thomas E Curry
- University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Laura A Kennedy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Edward L Squires
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Mats H T Troedsson
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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13
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Alamaary M, Ali A. Abortion and uterine prolapse in a Thoroughbred mare with twin pregnancy: Clinical and laboratory findings and treatment approach. J Equine Sci 2020; 31:95-99. [PMID: 33376446 PMCID: PMC7750639 DOI: 10.1294/jes.31.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents a case of uterine prolapse in a Thoroughbred mare. The uterine
prolapse occurred after abortion of twins in the eighth month of gestation. The prolapsed
uterus was bleeding and congested but not damaged. The placenta was still attached to the
endometrium. Blood samples were collected for hematology and for estimation of calcium,
progesterone and estrogen. The cervix and clitoris were swabbed for bacteriology. The mare
showed a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. The concentrations of estrogen and
progesterone seemed normal compared with mares that foaled. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was
isolated. The prolapsed uterus was washed with warm normal saline, and the retained
placenta was carefully removed. An antibiotic cream was spread on the prolapsed uterus
before replacing it. Two-thirds of the upper vulva was transiently sutured. Systemic
antibiotics and an anti-inflammatory were administrated for 5 days. After 24 hr, the
sutures were removed, and uterine lavage was performed using warmed normal saline for
three days. The mare received 20 IU of oxytocin twice a day for three days to aid uterine
clearance. A local antibiotic was inserted into the uterus. After treatment, the mare did
not show any health disorders. She entered estrus 9 days after abortion and again 10 days
later. In conclusion, twin pregnancy in a mare is considered a critical condition that
necessitates specific management during early and late pregnancy. Uterine prolapse is an
emergency that should be treated in a skilled manner to protect the mare and her future
fertility. Calcium deficiency might predispose mares to uterine prolapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alamaary
- Horse Clinic, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al Qassim51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Ali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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14
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Canisso IF, Loux SC, Lima FS. Biomarkers for placental disease in mares. Theriogenology 2020; 150:302-307. [PMID: 32088026 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Placentitis is an important cause of abortion, stillbirth, and neonatal death in horses. The diagnosis of placentitis is based on occurrence of clinical signs (premature mammary gland development and vulvar discharge) and ultrasonography of the caudal placental pole. However, early and subtle cases can be missed. In the last few years, several studies have provided objective means of diagnosing placentitis in mares with single or serial measurements of blood markers. Among the markers evaluated the steroids produced by the fetoplacental unit have been shown to change in association with placentitis. Mares with chronic placentitis have an increase in peripheral progestogens; however, mares acutely infected will display a reduction in peripheral concentrations of progestogens. Estradiol-17β (free- and conjugated form) concentrations are drastically reduced in plasma of mares with placentitis. Acute-phase proteins, particularly serum amyloid A, are increased in plasma of mares suffering from placentitis, and this increase is due to endometrial and chorioallantoic secretions, and minimally from the fetus. Alpha-fetoprotein, a protein expressed in the fetoplacental unit, was shown to be increased in plasma of mares suffering from placentitis. A plephora of microRNA have been identified in plasma and tissues of mares undergoing experimentally induced placentitis, but have not been tested in spontaneous cases. Unique proteomic signatures were found in the fetal fluids of mares undergoing experimentally induced ascending placentitis, making the fetal fluids potentially useful to diagnose placentitis in mares. However, currently the lack of use of transabdominal fetal fluid sampling prevents wide use of the fetal fluids as diagnostic techniques. This manuscript aimed to discuss recent discoveries regarding biomarkers for placentitis in mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
| | - Shavahn C Loux
- The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40503, USA
| | - Fabio S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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15
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Podico G, Canisso IF, Ellerbrock RE, Dias NW, Mercadante VRG, Lima FS. Assessment of peripheral markers and ultrasonographic parameters in pregnant mares receiving intramuscular or intrauterine cloprostenol. Theriogenology 2019; 142:77-84. [PMID: 31581046 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare two methods of prostaglandin-induced abortion in mares by determining blood markers (progesterone, estradiol-17β, alpha-fetoprotein, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin-F2α (PGFM)), B-mode ultrasonographic parameters, and time until loss of fetal heartbeat. It was hypothesized that intrauterine infusion of cloprostenol results in earlier fetal compromise than intramuscular administration. Ovarian structures (number and sizes of follicles and corpora lutea area), fetal heartbeat, and fetal mobility of thirteen singleton pregnancies were assessed daily by transrectal ultrasonography until induction of pregnancy termination (60 ± 2 days of gestation). Mares received 500 μg of cloprostenol intramuscularly every 12 h (IM, n = 7) or once transcervically (TC, n = 6). After initial cloprostenol administration, ultrasonographic examinations were repeated at 6-h intervals until loss of fetal heartbeat was detected. Plasma progesterone, estradiol-17β, and alpha-fetoprotein were assessed for five days before and after pregnancy loss. In addition, plasma PGFM concentrations were assessed immediately before cloprostenol administration (0 min), and then 15, 30, and 45 min, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 h after administration. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure with repeated measures in SAS. Significance was set at P < 0.05. All mares lost their pregnancies within 48 h after initial cloprostenol administration, with no difference in time to pregnancy loss. There were significant effects of time starting by 12 h post-induction of pregnancy termination but there was no time by group interaction for progesterone concentrations. Estradiol-17β and alpha-fetoprotein concentrations were not altered upon impending abortion. Concentrations of PGFM increased significantly by 2 h after cloprostenol administration, but there were no differences between groups. No time effects or time by group interaction for fetal mobility and heartbeat was detected. Expectedly, the number and area of corpora lutea decreased significantly after cloprostenol administration with no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, intrauterine administration of cloprostenol was not different from repeated systemic administration to terminate the pregnancy. Both models for early fetal loss were equivalent for the endpoints assessed herein. The present study provides evidence that transcervical cloprostenol administration technique is repeatable in different settings and results in negligible side effects. While systemic administration results in colic-like signs and may result in severe reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.
| | - Robyn E Ellerbrock
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Nicholas W Dias
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Vitor R G Mercadante
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fabio S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
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16
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Beachler T, Gracz H, Long NM, Borst L, Morgan D, Nebel A, Andrews N, Koipillai J, Frable S, Bembenek Bailey S, Ellis K, Von Dollen K, Lyle S, Gadsby J, Bailey CS. Allantoic Metabolites, Progesterone, and Estradiol-17β Remain Unchanged After Infection in an Experimental Model of Equine Ascending Placentitis. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Masko M, Domino M, Skierbiszewska K, Zdrojkowski Ł, Jasinski T, Gajewski Z. Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable. EQUINE VET EDUC 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Masko
- Department of Animal Breeding Faculty of Animal Science WULS – SGGW Warsaw Poland
| | - M. Domino
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - K. Skierbiszewska
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Ł. Zdrojkowski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - T. Jasinski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
| | - Z. Gajewski
- Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic Veterinary Research Centre and Center for Biomedical Research Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS – SGGW) Warsaw Poland
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18
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Wynn MAA, Ball BA, May J, Esteller-Vico A, Canisso I, Squires E, Troedsson M. Changes in maternal pregnane concentrations in mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis. Theriogenology 2018; 122:130-136. [PMID: 30265893 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to compare via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) progesterone (P4), 5α-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), allopregnanolone, 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3β5P), 20α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one (20α5P), 5α-pregnan-3β,20α-diol (βα-diol), and 5α-pregnan-3β,20β-diol (ββ-diol) concentrations in plasma of mares with experimentally-induced, ascending placentitis compared to gestationally age-matched control mares. Placentitis was induced via intracervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi spp. zooepidemicus between 260 and 280 days of gestation. Placentitis mares were subdivided into those which aborted in less than eight days (n = 6; acute) and those that aborted at ≥ 8 days after inoculation (n = 9; chronic). Ten pregnant mares at similar gestational ages served as healthy controls. Pregnanes were measured for days (-8), -6, -4, -3, -2, -1, and 0 days preceding abortion in the treated mares, and for the matched days of gestation in the control mares by LC-MS/MS and by immunoassay for immunoreactive (ir) P4. In mares with chronic placentitis, concentrations of DHP and its downstream metabolites (allopregnanolone, 3β5P, 20α5P, βα-diol) increased at 2-8 days prior to abortion compared to control mares. Of these pregnanes, 20α5P and βα-diol increased at eight days prior to abortion and demonstrated the largest increase (approximately 3 to 4×) in mares with chronic placentitis compared to control mares. Concentrations of P4 determined by LC-MS/MS were at or below the limit of detection (0.5 ng/mL) for control mares and did not increase significantly in mares with chronic placentitis. Immunoreactive-P4 was increased at two days prior to abortion in mares with chronic placentitis but was not different from controls in mares with acute placentitis. In mares with acute placentitis, concentrations of DHP, allopregnanolone, 3β5P, 20α5P, and βα-diol decreased within 0-3 days prior to abortion. In mares with chronic placentitis, the patterns of increased pregnanes metabolized by the placenta was similar to changes in maternal pregnanes noted in normal mares beyond Day 300 of gestation and likely represent the effects of fetal stress and adrenal activation on pregnane metabolism by the fetus and placenta. Decreases in these same pregnanes in mares with acute cases likely reflect extreme fetal or placental compromise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A A Wynn
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Barry A Ball
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA.
| | - John May
- College of Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Alejandro Esteller-Vico
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Igor Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Edward Squires
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Mats Troedsson
- Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
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19
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The proteome of fetal fluids in mares with experimentally-induced placentitis. Placenta 2018; 64:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Satoh M, Higuchi T, Inoue S, Gotoh T, Murase H, Nambo Y. Factors affecting the prognosis for uterine torsion: the effect of treatment based on measurements of serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations after surgery. J Equine Sci 2017; 28:163-167. [PMID: 29270075 PMCID: PMC5735315 DOI: 10.1294/jes.28.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a retrospective study of uterine torsion (UT) in seven mares. In two cases, serum progesterone and estradiol concentrations were also investigated. The mare and foal/fetus survival rate was 57% (4/7). Four cases
presented with clockwise torsion, and two cases presented with counterclockwise torsion. The direction was undetermined in one case. The degree of torsion varied. Correction of torsion was performed by ventral midline
celiotomy in all cases. In the two cases with measured hormone levels, elevated levels of P4 were decreased through medication. All mares discharged from the hospital with a live fetus were able to carry a
live fetus. Early diagnosis and treatment of UT increases the possibility of helping mares and foals in cases with acute UT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Satoh
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido 059-3105, Japan
| | - Tohru Higuchi
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido 059-3105, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido 059-3105, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Gotoh
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido 059-3105, Japan
| | - Harutaka Murase
- Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nambo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Science Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
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