1
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Nik Ibrahim NNI, Abdul Rahman R, Azlan M, Abd Aziz A, Ghulam Rasool AH. Endothelial Microparticles as Potential Biomarkers in the Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypercholesterolemia. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060824. [PMID: 35744087 PMCID: PMC9229814 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Endothelial microparticles (EMP) particularly CD31+/42−/AV+, CD144+/AV+ and CD62e+/AV+ have been reported as having increased in cardiovascular-related diseases, making them potential biomarkers for endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to compare these EMPs in patients with hypercholesterolemia and healthy controls and to correlate their levels with endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV) assessed via pulse wave analysis (PWA); an established method of assessing endothelial function. Materials and Methods: EMPs from 88 subjects (44 hypercholesterolemia patients and 44 controls) were quantified from whole blood using flow cytometry analysis. Endothelial function was determined using PWA combined with pharmacological challenge. Results: CD31+/42−/AV+ (3.45 ± 4.74 count/µL vs. 1.33 ± 4.40 count/µL; p = 0.03), CD144+/AV+ (7.37 ± 12.66 count/µL vs. 1.42 ± 1.71 count/µL; p = 0.003) and CD62e+/AV+ (57.16 ± 56.22 count/µL vs. 20.78 ± 11.04 count/µL; p < 0.001) were significantly elevated in the hypercholesterolemic group compared with the controls, respectively. There was a significant inverse moderate correlation between all circulating EMPs and EDV: CD31+/42−/AV+ (r = −0.36, p = 0.001), CD144+/AV+ (r = −0.37, p = 0.001) and CD62e+/AV+ (r = −0.35, p = 0.002). Conclusions: All EMPs were raised in the patients with hypercholesterolemia, and these values correlated with the established method of assessing endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Nor Izah Nik Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9767-6141
| | - Razlina Abdul Rahman
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Azlan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Aniza Abd Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
- Hospital USM, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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2
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Sivanantham A, Jin Y. Impact of Storage Conditions on EV Integrity/Surface Markers and Cargos. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050697. [PMID: 35629364 PMCID: PMC9146501 DOI: 10.3390/life12050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small biological particles released into biofluids by every cell. Based on their size, they are classified into small EVs (<100 nm or <200 nm) and medium or large EVs (>200 nm). In recent years, EVs have garnered interest for their potential medical applications, including disease diagnosis, cell-based biotherapies, targeted drug delivery systems, and others. Currently, the long-term and short-term storage temperatures for biofluids and EVs are −80 °C and 4 °C, respectively. The storage capacity of EVs can depend on their number, size, function, temperature, duration, and freeze−thaw cycles. While these parameters are increasingly studied, the effects of preservation and storage conditions of EVs on their integrity remain to be understood. Knowledge gaps in these areas may ultimately impede the widespread applicability of EVs. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of storage conditions on EVs and their stability and critically explores prospective ways for improving long-term storage conditions to ensure EV stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yang Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-358-1356
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3
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Hajji N, Hau CM, Nieuwland R, van der Pol E. Protocol for Measuring Concentrations of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Blood Plasma with Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2504:55-75. [PMID: 35467279 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2341-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid membrane enclosed particles that are released from cells into body fluids, such as blood. EVs offer potential new biomarkers of diseases, because the cellular origin, composition, concentration, and function of EVs change in health and disease. The concentration of EVs from specific cell types in blood can be determined with flow cytometry. A flow cytometer measures fluorescence and light scattering signals from single EVs, but only if these signals are sufficiently bright to be detected. Measured concentrations of EVs are therefore only reproducible and comparable if the detection ranges are known and reported in standard units, such as molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophore (MESF) for fluorescence signals and the diameter in nm for scatter signals. The goal of this protocol is to discuss all steps needed to derive the concentration of cell-type specific EVs within a known diameter range and fluorescence range. More specifically, this protocol describes how to determine the concentration of CD61+ (Integrin beta-3, platelet marker), CD235a+ (Glycophorin A, erythrocyte marker), and CD45+ (leukocyte common antigen) EVs in human blood plasma with an Apogee A60-Micro flow cytometer using scatter-based triggering. The principles behind this protocol could lay a firm basis for the design of a protocol suitable for other flow cytometers and body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Hajji
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chi M Hau
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Vesicle Observation Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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4
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Takahashi T, Schleimer RP. Epithelial-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pathophysiology of Epithelial Injury and Repair in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Connecting Immunology in Research Lab to Biomarkers in Clinics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11709. [PMID: 34769139 PMCID: PMC8583779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier disruption and failure of epithelial repair by aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced basal cells observed in nasal mucosa of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are speculated to play important roles in disease pathophysiology. Microparticles (MPs) are a type of extracellular vesicle (EV) released by budding or shedding from the plasma membrane of activated or apoptotic cells. MPs are detected in nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and are now receiving attention as potential biomarkers to evaluate the degree of activation of immune cells and injury of structural cells in nasal mucosa of subjects with sinus disease. There are three types of epithelial-cell-derived MPs, which are defined by the expression of different epithelial specific markers on their surface: EpCAM, E-cadherin, and integrin β6 (ITGB6). When these markers are on MPs that are also carrying canonical EMT/mesenchymal markers (Snail (SNAI1); Slug (SNAI2); alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA, ACTA2)) or pro- and anti-coagulant molecules (tissue factor (TF); tissue plasminogen activator (tPA); plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)), they provide insight as to the roles of epithelial activation for EMT or regulation of coagulation in the underlying disease. In this review, we discuss the potential of epithelial MPs as research tools to evaluate status of nasal mucosae of CRS patients in the lab, as well as biomarkers for management and treatment of CRS in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Takahashi
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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5
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Singh K, Nalabotala R, Koo KM, Bose S, Nayak R, Shiddiky MJA. Separation of distinct exosome subpopulations: isolation and characterization approaches and their associated challenges. Analyst 2021; 146:3731-3749. [PMID: 33988193 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that serve as a communications system between cells and have shown tremendous promise as liquid biopsy biomarkers in diagnostic, prognostic, and even therapeutic use in different human diseases. Due to the natural heterogeneity of exosomes, there is a need to separate exosomes into distinct biophysical and/or biochemical subpopulations to enable full interrogation of exosome biology and function prior to the possibility of clinical translation. Currently, there exists a multitude of different exosome isolation and characterization approaches which can, in limited capacity, separate exosomes based on biophysical and/or biochemical characteristics. While notable reviews in recent years have reviewed these approaches for bulk exosome sorting, we herein present a comprehensive overview of various conventional technologies and modern microfluidic and nanotechnological advancements towards isolation and characterization of exosome subpopulations. The benefits and limitations of these different technologies to improve their use for distinct exosome subpopulations in clinical practices are also discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly encountered technical and biological challenges for effective separation of exosome subpopulations is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Singh
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Ruchika Nalabotala
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Kevin M Koo
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Herston, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Sudeep Bose
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India
| | - Ranu Nayak
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201301, UP, India.
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Environment and Natural Sciences and Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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6
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Nederveen JP, Warnier G, Di Carlo A, Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science. Front Physiol 2021; 11:604274. [PMID: 33597890 PMCID: PMC7882633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on health and longevity are well-established, and evidence suggests that these effects are partially driven by a spectrum of bioactive molecules released into circulation during exercise (e.g., exercise factors or 'exerkines'). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes or exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), were shown to be secreted concomitantly with exerkines. These EVs have therefore been proposed to act as cargo carriers or 'mediators' of intercellular communication. Given these findings, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the role of EVs in the multi-systemic, adaptive response to exercise. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the effects of exercise on MVs and ELVs, examine their role in the exercise response and long-term adaptations, and highlight the main methodological hurdles related to blood collection, purification, and characterization of ELVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Warnier
- Institut of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alessia Di Carlo
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
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7
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Larson MC, Hogg N, Hillery CA. Centrifugation Removes a Population of Large Vesicles, or "Macroparticles," Intermediate in Size to RBCs and Microvesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031243. [PMID: 33513958 PMCID: PMC7865243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles or microvesicles (MPs/MVs) are sub-cellular vesicles with a growing number of known biological functions. Microvesicles from a variety of parent cells within the vascular system increase in numerous pathological states. Red blood cell-derived MVs (RMVs) are relatively less studied than other types of circulating MVs despite red blood cells (RBCs) being the most abundant intravascular cell. This may be in part due the echoes of past misconceptions that RBCs were merely floating anucleate bags of hemoglobin rather than dynamic and responsive cells. The initial aim of this study was to maximize the concentration of RMVs derived from various blood or blood products by focusing on the optimal isolation conditions without creating more MVs from artificial manipulation. We found that allowing RBCs to sediment overnight resulted in a continuum in size of RBC membrane-containing fragments or vesicles extending beyond the 1 µm size limit suggested by many as the maximal size of an MV. Additionally, dilution and centrifugation factors were studied that altered the resultant MV population concentration. The heterogeneous size of RMVs was confirmed in mice models of hemolytic anemia. This methodological finding establishes a new paradigm in that it blurs the line between RBC, fragment, and RMV as well as suggests that the concentration of circulating RMVs may be widely underestimated given that centrifugation removes the majority of such RBC-derived membrane-containing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Larson
- Banner University Medical Center-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-(520)-626-7402
| | - Neil Hogg
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA;
| | - Cheryl A. Hillery
- Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA;
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8
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Marchisio M, Simeone P, Bologna G, Ercolino E, Pierdomenico L, Pieragostino D, Ventrella A, Antonini F, Del Zotto G, Vergara D, Celia C, Di Marzio L, Del Boccio P, Fontana A, Bosco D, Miscia S, Lanuti P. Flow Cytometry Analysis of Circulating Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes from Fresh Peripheral Blood Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010048. [PMID: 33374539 PMCID: PMC7793062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by shedding during different physiological processes and are increasingly thought to be new potential biomarkers. However, the impact of pre-analytical processing phases on the final measurement is not predictable and for this reason, the translation of basic research into clinical practice has been precluded. Here we have optimized a simple procedure in combination with polychromatic flow cytometry (PFC), to identify, classify, enumerate, and separate circulating EVs from different cell origins. This protocol takes advantage of a lipophilic cationic dye (LCD) able to probe EVs. Moreover, the application of the newly optimized PFC protocol here described allowed the obtainment of repeatable EVs counts. The translation of this PFC protocol to fluorescence-activated cell sorting allowed us to separate EVs from fresh peripheral blood samples. Sorted EVs preparations resulted particularly suitable for proteomic analyses, which we applied to study their protein cargo. Here we show that LCD staining allowed PFC detection and sorting of EVs from fresh body fluids, avoiding pre-analytical steps of enrichment that could impact final results. Therefore, LCD staining is an essential step towards the assessment of EVs clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Pasquale Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giuseppina Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Eva Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Ventrella
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.V.); (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Francesca Antonini
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (F.A.); (G.D.Z.)
| | - Genny Del Zotto
- Department of Research and Diagnostics, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (F.A.); (G.D.Z.)
| | - Daniele Vergara
- Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, “Giovanni Paolo II” Hospital, 73100 ASL-Lecce, Italy;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Christian Celia
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.V.); (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Luisa Di Marzio
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.V.); (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.V.); (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Antonella Fontana
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.V.); (C.C.); (L.D.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Department of Biomorphological Science, Molecular Genetic Institute, Italian National Research Council, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871541391
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.M.); (P.S.); (G.B.); (E.E.); (L.P.); (P.L.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (P.D.B.)
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9
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Badimon L, Suades R, Vilella-Figuerola A, Crespo J, Vilahur G, Escate R, Padro T, Chiva-Blanch G. Liquid Biopsies: Microvesicles in Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:645-662. [PMID: 31696726 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Circulating microvesicles (cMV) are small (0.1-1 μm) phospholipid-rich blebs released by almost all cell types, and their release increases with cell activation and injury, thus reflecting the state of the cell from which they are originated. Microvesicles (MV) are found in the bloodstream, and they affect the phenotype of recipient cells, after local or systemic circulation, by intercellular transfer of their molecular content. Recent Advances: Several studies suggest the use of cell-specific MV subpopulations as predictive biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) at different stages and degrees of severity. In this review, we describe the state of the art of cMV as noninvasive surrogate biomarkers of vascular injury and dysfunction correlated with poor clinical outcomes in CVD. Critical Issues: Despite the growing body of evidence supporting the importance of cMV as hallmarks of CVD and their utility as biomarkers of CVD, the specific roles of each phenotype of cMV in CVD burden and prognosis still remain to be elucidated and validated in large cohorts. In addition, the development of standardized and reproducible techniques is required to be used as biomarkers for disease progression in the clinical setting. Future Directions: A multipanel approach with specific cMV phenotypes, added to current biomarkers and scores, will undoubtedly provide unique prognostic information to stratify patients for appropriate therapy on the basis of their risk of atherothrombotic disease and will open a new research area as therapeutic targets for CVD. MV will add to the implementation of precision medicine by helping the cellular and molecular characterization of CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alba Vilella-Figuerola
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Escate
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Brocco D, Lanuti P, Simeone P, Bologna G, Pieragostino D, Cufaro MC, Graziano V, Peri M, Di Marino P, De Tursi M, Grassadonia A, Rapposelli IG, Pierdomenico L, Ercolino E, Ciccocioppo F, Del Boccio P, Marchisio M, Natoli C, Miscia S, Tinari N. Circulating Cancer Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Biomarker for Clinical Outcome Evaluation. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5879616. [PMID: 31827511 PMCID: PMC6885781 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5879616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The recent introduction of the "precision medicine" concept in oncology pushed cancer research to focus on dynamic measurable biomarkers able to predict responses to novel anticancer therapies in order to improve clinical outcomes. Recently, the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cancer pathophysiology has been described, and given their release from all cell types under specific stimuli, EVs have also been proposed as potential biomarkers in cancer. Among the techniques used to study EVs, flow cytometry has a high clinical potential. Here, we have applied a recently developed and simplified flow cytometry method for circulating EV enumeration, subtyping, and isolation from a large cohort of metastatic and locally advanced nonhaematological cancer patients (N = 106); samples from gender- and age-matched healthy volunteers were also analysed. A large spectrum of cancer-related markers was used to analyse differences in terms of peripheral blood circulating EV phenotypes between patients and healthy volunteers, as well as their correlation to clinical outcomes. Finally, EVs from patients and controls were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and their protein cargoes were analysed by proteomics. Results demonstrated that EV counts were significantly higher in cancer patients than in healthy volunteers, as previously reported. More interestingly, results also demonstrated that cancer patients presented higher concentrations of circulating CD31+ endothelial-derived and tumour cancer stem cell-derived CD133 + CD326- EVs, when compared to healthy volunteers. Furthermore, higher levels of CD133 + CD326- EVs showed a significant correlation with a poor overall survival. Additionally, proteomics analysis of EV cargoes demonstrated disparities in terms of protein content and function between circulating EVs in cancer patients and healthy controls. Overall, our data strongly suggest that blood circulating cancer stem cell-derived EVs may have a role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Brocco
- Clinical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Simeone
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G. Bologna
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - D. Pieragostino
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. C. Cufaro
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Chieti, Italy
| | - V. Graziano
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Peri
- Clinical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Di Marino
- Clinical Oncology Unit, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. De Tursi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - A. Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - I. G. Rapposelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - L. Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - E. Ercolino
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - F. Ciccocioppo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - P. Del Boccio
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Laboratory, Chieti, Italy
| | - M. Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C. Natoli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - S. Miscia
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. D'Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - N. Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Gabriele D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Cossarizza A, Chang HD, Radbruch A, Acs A, Adam D, Adam-Klages S, Agace WW, Aghaeepour N, Akdis M, Allez M, Almeida LN, Alvisi G, Anderson G, Andrä I, Annunziato F, Anselmo A, Bacher P, Baldari CT, Bari S, Barnaba V, Barros-Martins J, Battistini L, Bauer W, Baumgart S, Baumgarth N, Baumjohann D, Baying B, Bebawy M, Becher B, Beisker W, Benes V, Beyaert R, Blanco A, Boardman DA, Bogdan C, Borger JG, Borsellino G, Boulais PE, Bradford JA, Brenner D, Brinkman RR, Brooks AES, Busch DH, Büscher M, Bushnell TP, Calzetti F, Cameron G, Cammarata I, Cao X, Cardell SL, Casola S, Cassatella MA, Cavani A, Celada A, Chatenoud L, Chattopadhyay PK, Chow S, Christakou E, Čičin-Šain L, Clerici M, Colombo FS, Cook L, Cooke A, Cooper AM, Corbett AJ, Cosma A, Cosmi L, Coulie PG, Cumano A, Cvetkovic L, Dang VD, Dang-Heine C, Davey MS, Davies D, De Biasi S, Del Zotto G, Cruz GVD, Delacher M, Bella SD, Dellabona P, Deniz G, Dessing M, Di Santo JP, Diefenbach A, Dieli F, Dolf A, Dörner T, Dress RJ, Dudziak D, Dustin M, Dutertre CA, Ebner F, Eckle SBG, Edinger M, Eede P, Ehrhardt GR, Eich M, Engel P, Engelhardt B, Erdei A, Esser C, Everts B, Evrard M, Falk CS, Fehniger TA, Felipo-Benavent M, Ferry H, Feuerer M, Filby A, Filkor K, Fillatreau S, Follo M, Förster I, Foster J, Foulds GA, Frehse B, Frenette PS, Frischbutter S, Fritzsche W, Galbraith DW, Gangaev A, Garbi N, Gaudilliere B, Gazzinelli RT, Geginat J, Gerner W, Gherardin NA, Ghoreschi K, Gibellini L, Ginhoux F, Goda K, Godfrey DI, Goettlinger C, González-Navajas JM, Goodyear CS, Gori A, Grogan JL, Grummitt D, Grützkau A, Haftmann C, Hahn J, Hammad H, Hämmerling G, Hansmann L, Hansson G, Harpur CM, Hartmann S, Hauser A, Hauser AE, Haviland DL, Hedley D, Hernández DC, Herrera G, Herrmann M, Hess C, Höfer T, Hoffmann P, Hogquist K, Holland T, Höllt T, Holmdahl R, Hombrink P, Houston JP, Hoyer BF, Huang B, Huang FP, Huber JE, Huehn J, Hundemer M, Hunter CA, Hwang WYK, Iannone A, Ingelfinger F, Ivison SM, Jäck HM, Jani PK, Jávega B, Jonjic S, Kaiser T, Kalina T, Kamradt T, Kaufmann SHE, Keller B, Ketelaars SLC, Khalilnezhad A, Khan S, Kisielow J, Klenerman P, Knopf J, Koay HF, Kobow K, Kolls JK, Kong WT, Kopf M, Korn T, Kriegsmann K, Kristyanto H, Kroneis T, Krueger A, Kühne J, Kukat C, Kunkel D, Kunze-Schumacher H, Kurosaki T, Kurts C, Kvistborg P, Kwok I, Landry J, Lantz O, Lanuti P, LaRosa F, Lehuen A, LeibundGut-Landmann S, Leipold MD, Leung LY, Levings MK, Lino AC, Liotta F, Litwin V, Liu Y, Ljunggren HG, Lohoff M, Lombardi G, Lopez L, López-Botet M, Lovett-Racke AE, Lubberts E, Luche H, Ludewig B, Lugli E, Lunemann S, Maecker HT, Maggi L, Maguire O, Mair F, Mair KH, Mantovani A, Manz RA, Marshall AJ, Martínez-Romero A, Martrus G, Marventano I, Maslinski W, Matarese G, Mattioli AV, Maueröder C, Mazzoni A, McCluskey J, McGrath M, McGuire HM, McInnes IB, Mei HE, Melchers F, Melzer S, Mielenz D, Miller SD, Mills KH, Minderman H, Mjösberg J, Moore J, Moran B, Moretta L, Mosmann TR, Müller S, Multhoff G, Muñoz LE, Münz C, Nakayama T, Nasi M, Neumann K, Ng LG, Niedobitek A, Nourshargh S, Núñez G, O’Connor JE, Ochel A, Oja A, Ordonez D, Orfao A, Orlowski-Oliver E, Ouyang W, Oxenius A, Palankar R, Panse I, Pattanapanyasat K, Paulsen M, Pavlinic D, Penter L, Peterson P, Peth C, Petriz J, Piancone F, Pickl WF, Piconese S, Pinti M, Pockley AG, Podolska MJ, Poon Z, Pracht K, Prinz I, Pucillo CEM, Quataert SA, Quatrini L, Quinn KM, Radbruch H, Radstake TRDJ, Rahmig S, Rahn HP, Rajwa B, Ravichandran G, Raz Y, Rebhahn JA, Recktenwald D, Reimer D, e Sousa CR, Remmerswaal EB, Richter L, Rico LG, Riddell A, Rieger AM, Robinson JP, Romagnani C, Rubartelli A, Ruland J, Saalmüller A, Saeys Y, Saito T, Sakaguchi S, de-Oyanguren FS, Samstag Y, Sanderson S, Sandrock I, Santoni A, Sanz RB, Saresella M, Sautes-Fridman C, Sawitzki B, Schadt L, Scheffold A, Scherer HU, Schiemann M, Schildberg FA, Schimisky E, Schlitzer A, Schlosser J, Schmid S, Schmitt S, Schober K, Schraivogel D, Schuh W, Schüler T, Schulte R, Schulz AR, Schulz SR, Scottá C, Scott-Algara D, Sester DP, Shankey TV, Silva-Santos B, Simon AK, Sitnik KM, Sozzani S, Speiser DE, Spidlen J, Stahlberg A, Stall AM, Stanley N, Stark R, Stehle C, Steinmetz T, Stockinger H, Takahama Y, Takeda K, Tan L, Tárnok A, Tiegs G, Toldi G, Tornack J, Traggiai E, Trebak M, Tree TI, Trotter J, Trowsdale J, Tsoumakidou M, Ulrich H, Urbanczyk S, van de Veen W, van den Broek M, van der Pol E, Van Gassen S, Van Isterdael G, van Lier RA, Veldhoen M, Vento-Asturias S, Vieira P, Voehringer D, Volk HD, von Borstel A, von Volkmann K, Waisman A, Walker RV, Wallace PK, Wang SA, Wang XM, Ward MD, Ward-Hartstonge KA, Warnatz K, Warnes G, Warth S, Waskow C, Watson JV, Watzl C, Wegener L, Weisenburger T, Wiedemann A, Wienands J, Wilharm A, Wilkinson RJ, Willimsky G, Wing JB, Winkelmann R, Winkler TH, Wirz OF, Wong A, Wurst P, Yang JHM, Yang J, Yazdanbakhsh M, Yu L, Yue A, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Ziegler SM, Zielinski C, Zimmermann J, Zychlinsky A. Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition). Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:1457-1973. [PMID: 31633216 PMCID: PMC7350392 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201970107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 699] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Modena, Italy
| | - Hyun-Dong Chang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Acs
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabine Adam-Klages
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, Universitätsklinik Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - William W. Agace
- Mucosal Immunology group, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Immunology Section, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine; Biomedical Data Sciences; and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Allez
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U1160, and Gastroenterology Department, Hôpital Saint-Louis – APHP, Paris, France
| | | | - Giorgia Alvisi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Immanuel Andrä
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Achille Anselmo
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Petra Bacher
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Sudipto Bari
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang Bauer
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Comparative Medicine & Dept. Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Baumjohann
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bianka Baying
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Beisker
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, München, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University - VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alfonso Blanco
- Flow Cytometry Core Technologies, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dominic A. Boardman
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jessica G. Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Giovanna Borsellino
- Neuroimmunology and Flow Cytometry Units, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Philip E. Boulais
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Dirk Brenner
- Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Experimental and Molecular Immunology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Odense University Hospital, Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, University of Southern Denmark, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense, Denmark
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ryan R. Brinkman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna E. S. Brooks
- University of Auckland, School of Biological Sciences, Maurice Wilkins Center, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Focus Group “Clinical Cell Processing and Purification”, Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Büscher
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Timothy P. Bushnell
- Department of Pediatrics and Shared Resource Laboratories, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Federica Calzetti
- University of Verona, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | - Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ilenia Cammarata
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Xuetao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Susanna L. Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Casola
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (FOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- University of Verona, Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavani
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Celada
- Macrophage Biology Group, School of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucienne Chatenoud
- Université Paris Descartes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
| | | | - Sue Chow
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eleni Christakou
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | - Luka Čičin-Šain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Cook
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea M. Cooper
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Alexandra J. Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Cosma
- National Cytometry Platform, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Department of Infection and Immunity, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre G. Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ana Cumano
- Unit Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ljiljana Cvetkovic
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Van Duc Dang
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantip Dang-Heine
- Clinical Research Unit, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin S. Davey
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek Davies
- Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Gelo Victoriano Dela Cruz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology – DanStem, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Delacher
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Günnur Deniz
- Istanbul University, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunty Unit, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Dieli
- University of Palermo, Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andreas Dolf
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Regine J. Dress
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles-Antoine Dutertre
- Program in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Sidonia B. G. Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Eich
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Engel
- University of Barcelona, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, University L. Eotvos, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Charlotte Esser
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Christine S. Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Todd A. Fehniger
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mar Felipo-Benavent
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Helen Ferry
- Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrew Filby
- The Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Simon Fillatreau
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Universitaetsklinikum FreiburgLighthouse Core Facility, Zentrum für Translationale Zellforschung, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Förster
- Immunology and Environment, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Gemma A. Foulds
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Britta Frehse
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Paul S. Frenette
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- The Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Nanobiophotonics Department, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - David W. Galbraith
- School of Plant Sciences and Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- Honorary Dean of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Anastasia Gangaev
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Brice Gaudilliere
- Stanford Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo T. Gazzinelli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Minas, Laboratory of Immunopatology, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Mecicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jens Geginat
- INGM - Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare “Ronmeo ed Enrica Invernizzi”, Milan, Italy
| | - Wilhelm Gerner
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicholas A. Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jose M. González-Navajas
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carl S. Goodyear
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrea Gori
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan
| | - Jane L. Grogan
- Cancer Immunology Research, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas Grützkau
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Haftmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Hahn
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Hamida Hammad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Leo Hansmann
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Goran Hansson
- Department of Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Hauser
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja E. Hauser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - David L. Haviland
- Flow Cytometry, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Hedley
- Divsion of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela C. Hernández
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guadalupe Herrera
- Cytometry Service, Incliva Foundation. Clinic Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Christoph Hess
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Höfer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Hogquist
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tristan Holland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Höllt
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Computer Graphics and Visualization, Department of Intelligent Systems, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pleun Hombrink
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica P. Houston
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Bimba F. Hoyer
- Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Klinik für Innere Medizin I und Exzellenzzentrum Entzündungsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ping Huang
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Johanna E. Huber
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hundemer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Y. K. Hwang
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Executive Offices, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Iannone
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Clinical and Public Health, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Florian Ingelfinger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine M Ivison
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter K. Jani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Jávega
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Toralf Kaiser
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Jena University Hospital, Institute of Immunology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Baerbel Keller
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steven L. C. Ketelaars
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahad Khalilnezhad
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srijit Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jan Kisielow
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- John W Deming Endowed Chair in Internal Medicine, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation Tulane School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Kriegsmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendy Kristyanto
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology & Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenny Kühne
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kukat
- FACS & Imaging Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Désirée Kunkel
- Flow & Mass Cytometry Core Facility, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Heike Kunze-Schumacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Pia Kvistborg
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Landry
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM U932, PSL University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Centre on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-Me.T.), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca LaRosa
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnès Lehuen
- Institut Cochin, CNRS8104, INSERM1016, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Michael D. Leipold
- The Human Immune Monitoring Center (HIMC), Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Leslie Y.T. Leung
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andreia C. Lino
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesco Liotta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Inst. f. Med. Mikrobiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- King’s College London, “Peter Gorer” Department of Immunobiology, London, UK
| | | | - Miguel López-Botet
- IMIM(Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy E. Lovett-Racke
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herve Luche
- Centre d’Immunophénomique - CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Aix Marseille Université (UMS3367), Inserm (US012), CNRS (UMS3367), Marseille, France
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Lugli
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
- Flow Cytometry Core, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Orla Maguire
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Florian Mair
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerstin H. Mair
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS and Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf A. Manz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Aaron J. Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Glòria Martrus
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivana Marventano
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Matarese
- Treg Cell Lab, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II and Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Lab of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Maueröder
- Cell Clearance in Health and Disease Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alessio Mazzoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mairi McGrath
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helen M. McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, and Discipline of Pathology, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Iain B. McInnes
- Institute of Infection Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henrik E. Mei
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fritz Melchers
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Melzer
- Clinical Trial Center Leipzig, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Interdepartmental Immunobiology Center, Dept. of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern Univ. Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kingston H.G. Mills
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hans Minderman
- Flow and Image Cytometry Shared Resource, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonni Moore
- Abramson Cancer Center Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Shared Resource, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Barry Moran
- Trinity College Dublin, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim R. Mosmann
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Susann Müller
- Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Institute for Innovative Radiotherapy (iRT), Experimental Immune Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Center for Translational Cancer Research Technische Universität München (TranslaTUM), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Luis Enrique Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
| | - Christian Münz
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan
| | - Milena Nasi
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, Univ. of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Antonia Niedobitek
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - José-Enrique O’Connor
- Laboratory of Cytomics, Joint Research Unit CIPF-UVEG, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aaron Ochel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Oja
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Ordonez
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL), Cytometry Service, University of Salamanca, CIBERONC and Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eva Orlowski-Oliver
- Burnet Institute, AMREP Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Inflammation and Oncology, Research, Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Isabel Panse
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Center of Excellence for Flow Cytometry, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Malte Paulsen
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dinko Pavlinic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Livius Penter
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Peth
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Jordi Petriz
- Functional Cytomics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Federica Piancone
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Winfried F. Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Pinti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
- Chromocyte Limited, Electric Works, Sheffield, UK
| | - Malgorzata Justyna Podolska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen
- Department for Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Rheumatology and Immunology, AG Munoz, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- Department of Hematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Sally A. Quataert
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesu Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Kylie M. Quinn
- School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Germany
| | - Tim R. D. J. Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susann Rahmig
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz-Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Rahn
- Preparative Flow Cytometry, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- Bindley Biosciences Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yotam Raz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan A. Rebhahn
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Dorothea Reimer
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ester B.M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Richter
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Laura G. Rico
- Functional Cytomics Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Andy Riddell
- Flow Cytometry Scientific Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Aja M. Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - J. Paul Robinson
- Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chiara Romagnani
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Fakultät für Medizin, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Francisco Sala de-Oyanguren
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Ludwig Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Biology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Heidelberg University, Institute of Immunology, Section of Molecular Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sharon Sanderson
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, NIHR BRC, University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Inga Sandrock
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, IRCCS, Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Ramon Bellmàs Sanz
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, MHH, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marina Saresella
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Schadt
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Scheffold
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans U. Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank A. Schildberg
- Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schlitzer
- Quantitative Systems Biology, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Josephine Schlosser
- Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Schmitt
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kilian Schober
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Schraivogel
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schüler
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Reiner Schulte
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Axel Ronald Schulz
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian R. Schulz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cristiano Scottá
- King’s College London, “Peter Gorer” Department of Immunobiology, London, UK
| | - Daniel Scott-Algara
- Institut Pasteur, Cellular Lymphocytes Biology, Immunology Departement, Paris, France
| | - David P. Sester
- TRI Flow Cytometry Suite (TRI.fcs), Translational Research Institute, Wooloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Katarzyna M. Sitnik
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Dept. Molecular Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne and CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Anders Stahlberg
- Lundberg Laboratory for Cancer, Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Natalie Stanley
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine; Biomedical Data Sciences; and Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Stehle
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Medical Department I, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobit Steinmetz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Leonard Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Attila Tárnok
- Departement for Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Tornack
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- BioGenes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Traggiai
- Novartis Biologics Center, Mechanistic Immunology Unit, Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, NIBR, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Timothy I.M. Tree
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | | | - John Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sophia Urbanczyk
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine III, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Vesicle Observation Center; Biomedical Engineering & Physics; Laboratory Experimental Clinical Chemistry; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Sofie Van Gassen
- Data Mining and Modeling for Biomedicine, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - René A.W. van Lier
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Veldhoen
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Vieira
- Unit Lymphopoiesis, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - David Voehringer
- Department of Infection Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Core Unit ImmunoCheck
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Paul K. Wallace
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sa A. Wang
- Dept of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin M. Wang
- The Scientific Platforms, the Westmead Institute for Medical Research, the Westmead Research Hub, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gary Warnes
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary London University, London, UK
| | - Sarah Warth
- BCRT Flow Cytometry Lab, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Claudia Waskow
- Regeneration in Hematopoiesis, Leibniz-Institute on Aging, Fritz-Lipmann-Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors at TU Dortmund (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Leonie Wegener
- Biophysics, R&D Engineering, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Thomas Weisenburger
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Annika Wiedemann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Dept. Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wienands
- Institute for Cellular & Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anneke Wilharm
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert John Wilkinson
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
- Tuberculosis Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Gerald Willimsky
- Cooperation Unit for Experimental and Translational Cancer Immunology, Institute of Immunology (Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - James B. Wing
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rieke Winkelmann
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas H. Winkler
- Department of Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver F. Wirz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Peter Wurst
- University Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennie H. M. Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, UK
- National Institutes of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St. Thomas’ National Health Service, Foundation Trust and King’s College London, UK
| | - Juhao Yang
- Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alice Yue
- School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Susanne Maria Ziegler
- Department of Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Zielinski
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Zimmermann
- Maurice Müller Laboratories (Department of Biomedical Research), Universitätsklinik für Viszerale Chirurgie und Medizin Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Dec-Gilowska M, Trojnar M, Makaruk B, Czop M, Przybylska-Kuc S, Mosiewicz-Madejska B, Dzida G, Mosiewicz J. Circulating Endothelial Microparticles and Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090596. [PMID: 31527473 PMCID: PMC6780956 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents a metabolic disorder the incidence of which has been on the increase in recent years. The well-known long-term complications of this disease encompass a wide spectrum of renal, neurological and cardiovascular conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate the serum concentration of endothelial microparticles (EMPs) as well as selected noninvasive parameters of the ascending aorta stiffness calculated with echocardiography. In this study, 58 patients were enrolled-38 subjects diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 20 healthy controls. The analyzed populations did not differ significantly with respect to age, renal function, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The patients with diabetes and concomitant hypertension presented higher levels of EMPs in comparison with diabetic normotensive subjects. Among patients with diabetes and hypertension, aortic stiffness assessed with the elasticity index (Ep) was higher and the aortic compliance index (D) lower than in the diabetic normotensive group. No correlation between the amount of EMPs and lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) level and glycemia, was observed in the studied group. There was, however, a statistically significant positive correlation between the creatinine level and amount of EMPs, while the negative relationship was documented for EMPs level and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Dec-Gilowska
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases and Diabetology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Boguslaw Makaruk
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Marcin Czop
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Przybylska-Kuc
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Barbara Mosiewicz-Madejska
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Students Medical Association, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Dzida
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Mosiewicz
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland.
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Dong X, Li M, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu L, Chen X, Zhou Z, Rong H, Zhang J, Tian Y. Effects of Cryopreservation on Microparticles Concentration, Procoagulant Function, Size Distribution, and Morphology. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6675-6690. [PMID: 31488807 PMCID: PMC6752109 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on microparticles is rapidly evolving and has extended to the field of many diseases. It is unclear whether microparticles can be stored frozen. In this study, our goal was to verify whether cryopreservation had an effect on the properties of the microparticles. Material/Methods We obtained C57BL/6J mouse-derived microparticles by grinding and gradient centrifugation. The specimens were divided into 2 groups: without dimethyl sulfoxide and with dimethyl sulfoxide. The microparticles were then stored at 25°C, 4°C, −20°C, −80°C, and −196°C for 0.5 days, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. We tested whether the concentration, coagulation function, diameter distribution, and morphology of the microparticles in the 2 groups changed compared to those of a fresh sample. Results We discovered that the concentrations of total microparticles, annexin V-positive microparticles, and brain-derived microparticles changed with freezing. The coagulation function, morphology, and size distribution of the microparticles were also affected by cryopreservation. Finally, there was no difference in the effects of cryopreservation on microparticles between the dimethyl sulfoxide group and the dimethyl sulfoxide-free group. Conclusions This study suggests that cryopreservation has diverse effects on microparticles within 1 week and that dimethyl sulfoxide has no protective effect on cryopreserved microparticles. Therefore, microparticles should be used fresh for future studies, and they should not be cryopreserved with or without dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongtao Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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14
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Neves KB, Rios FJ, Jones R, Evans TRJ, Montezano AC, Touyz RM. Microparticles from vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitor-treated cancer patients mediate endothelial cell injury. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:978-988. [PMID: 30753341 PMCID: PMC6452312 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor pathway inhibitors (VEGFi), used as anti-angiogenic drugs to treat cancer are associated with cardiovascular toxicities through unknown molecular mechanisms. Endothelial cell-derived microparticles (ECMPs) are biomarkers of endothelial injury and are also functionally active since they influence downstream target cell signalling and function. We questioned whether microparticle (MP) status is altered in cancer patients treated with VEGFi and whether they influence endothelial cell function associated with vascular dysfunction. Plasma MPs were isolated from cancer patients before and after treatment with VEGFi (pazopanib, sunitinib, or sorafenib). Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were stimulated with isolated MPs (106 MPs/mL). Microparticle characterization was assessed by flow cytometry. Patients treated with VEGFi had significantly increased levels of plasma ECMP. Endothelial cells exposed to post-VEGFi treatment ECMPs induced an increase in pre-pro-ET-1 mRNA expression, corroborating the increase in endothelin-1 (ET-1) production in HAEC stimulated with vatalanib (VEGFi). Post-VEGFi treatment MPs increased generation of reactive oxygen species in HAEC, effects attenuated by ETA (BQ123) and ETB (BQ788) receptor blockers. VEGFi post-treatment MPs also increased phosphorylation of the inhibitory site of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreased nitric oxide (NO), and increased ONOO- levels in HAEC, responses inhibited by ETB receptor blockade. Additionally, gene expression of proinflammatory mediators was increased in HAEC exposed to post-treatment MPs, effects inhibited by BQ123 and BQ788. Our findings define novel molecular mechanism involving interplay between microparticles, the ET-1 system and endothelial cell pro-inflammatory and redox signalling, which may be important in cardiovascular toxicity and hypertension associated with VEGFi anti-cancer treatment. New and noteworthy: our novel data identify MPs as biomarkers of VEGFi-induced endothelial injury and important mediators of ET-1-sensitive redox-regulated pro-inflammatory signalling in effector endothelial cells, processes that may contribute to cardiovascular toxicity in VEGFi-treated cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla B Neves
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Francisco J Rios
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Jones
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Glasgow Clinical Trials Unit, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas Ronald Jeffry Evans
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Augusto C Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, UK
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15
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Feng Q, Stork CJ, Xu S, Yuan D, Xia X, LaPenna KB, Guo G, Sun H, Xu L, Siedlecki CA, Brundage KM, Sheaffer N, Schell TD, He P. Increased circulating microparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetes propagate inflammation contributing to microvascular dysfunction. J Physiol 2019; 597:781-798. [PMID: 30548258 PMCID: PMC6355626 DOI: 10.1113/jp277312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Circulating microparticles (MPs) are elevated in many cardiovascular diseases and have been considered as biomarkers of disease prognosis; however, current knowledge of MP functions has been mainly derived from in vitro studies and their precise impact on vascular inflammation and disease progression remains obscure. Using a diabetic rat model, we identified a >130-fold increase in MPs in plasma of diabetic rats compared to normal rats, the majority of which circulated as aggregates, expressing multiple cell markers and largely externalized phosphatidylserine; vascular images illustrate MP biogenesis and their manifestations in microvessels of diabetic rats. Using combined single microvessel perfusion and systemic cross-transfusion approaches, we delineated how diabetic MPs propagate inflammation in the vasculature and transform normal microvessels into an inflammatory phenotype observed in the microvessels of diabetic rats. Our observations derived from animal studies resembling conditions in diabetic patients, providing a mechanistic insight into MP-mediated pathogenesis of diabetes-associated multi-organ microvascular dysfunction. ABSTRACT In various cardiovascular diseases, microparticles (MPs), the membrane-derived vesicles released during cell activation, are markedly increased in the circulation. These MPs have been recognized to play diverse roles in the regulation of cellular functions. However, current knowledge of MP function has been largely derived from in vitro studies. The precise impact of disease-induced MPs on vascular inflammation and disease progression remains obscure. In this study we investigated the biogenesis, profile and functional roles of circulating MPs using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model with well-characterized microvascular functions. Our study revealed a >130-fold increase in MPs in the plasma of diabetic rats compared to normal rats. The majority of these MPs originate from platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells (ECs), and circulate as aggregates. Diabetic MPs show greater externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) than normal MPs. When diabetic plasma or isolated diabetic MPs were perfused into normal microvessels or systemically transfused into normal rats, MPs immediately adhered to endothelium and subsequently mediated leukocyte adhesion. These microvessels then exhibited augmented permeability responses to inflammatory mediators, replicating the microvascular manifestations observed in diabetic rats. These effects were abrogated when MPs were removed from diabetic plasma or when diabetic MPs were pre-coated with a lipid-binding protein, annexin V, suggesting externalized PS to be key in mediating MP interactions with endothelium and leukocytes. Our study demonstrated that the elevated MPs in diabetic plasma are actively involved in the propagation of vascular inflammation through their adhesive surfaces, providing mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of multi-organ vascular dysfunction that commonly occurs in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Feng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
- Department of PhysiologyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina030001
| | - Christian J. Stork
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Sulei Xu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Xinghai Xia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Kyle B. LaPenna
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Li‐Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Brundage
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
| | - Nate Sheaffer
- Flow Cytometry Core, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Todd D. Schell
- Flow Cytometry Core, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Pingnian He
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of MedicinePenn State UniversityHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of MedicineWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV26506USA
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16
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Serviente C, Burnside A, Witkowski S. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces activated and apoptotic endothelial microparticles in healthy midlife women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:102-110. [PMID: 30236051 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00420.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Risk factors for CVD increase with menopause, and greater cardiorespiratory fitness is generally expected to reduce CVD risk. The effects of habitual physical activity on endothelial health may be due in part to the effect of acute exercise on circulating EMPs. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of an acute bout of exercise on CD62E+ and CD31+/42b- EMPs in healthy fit midlife women at different menopausal stages. Healthy, active premenopausal (PRE), perimenopausal (PERI), and postmenopausal (POST) women completed a single bout of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. Activated (CD62E+) and apoptotic (CD31+/42b-) EMPs were evaluated before and 30 min after exercise by using fluorescent activated cell sorting. In an exploratory analysis, these results were compared with data from low-fit peri- and postmenopausal women. Differences by group and time point were evaluated with repeated-measure ANOVAs. There was a reduction in the number of total microparticles ( P < 0.001), CD62E+ ( P = 0.003), and CD31+/42b- ( P < 0.001) EMPs/μl plasma following acute exercise. The percentage of CD62E+ EMPs increased with acute exercise ( P < 0.001), whereas the percentage of CD31+/42b- EMPs did not change ( P = 0.40). There was no effect of menopausal status on CD62E+or CD31+/42b- EMPs, or on total microparticles (all P > 0.05). The exploratory analysis revealed that low-fit women had similar changes in EMPs with acute exercise. We concluded that acute moderate-intensity exercise reduces CD62E+and CD31+/42b- EMPs, as well as total microparticles, in healthy midlife women. These effects occurred despite differences in menopausal status and fitness. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates that acute moderate-intensity exercise reduces activated and apoptotic endothelial microparticles in healthy midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Serviente
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts.,Center for Healthy Aging, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy Burnside
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts.,Department of Exercise and Sport Studies, Smith College , Northampton, Massachusetts
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17
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Puylaert CAJ, Schüffler PJ, Naziroglu RE, Tielbeek JAW, Li Z, Makanyanga JC, Tutein Nolthenius CJ, Nio CY, Pendsé DA, Menys A, Ponsioen CY, Atkinson D, Forbes A, Buhmann JM, Fuchs TJ, Hatzakis H, van Vliet LJ, Stoker J, Taylor SA, Vos FM. Semiautomatic Assessment of the Terminal Ileum and Colon in Patients with Crohn Disease Using MRI (the VIGOR++ Project). Acad Radiol 2018; 25:1038-1045. [PMID: 29428210 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop and validate a predictive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity score for ileocolonic Crohn disease activity based on both subjective and semiautomatic MRI features. MATERIALS AND METHODS An MRI activity score (the "virtual gastrointestinal tract [VIGOR]" score) was developed from 27 validated magnetic resonance enterography datasets, including subjective radiologist observation of mural T2 signal and semiautomatic measurements of bowel wall thickness, excess volume, and dynamic contrast enhancement (initial slope of increase). A second subjective score was developed based on only radiologist observations. For validation, two observers applied both scores and three existing scores to a prospective dataset of 106 patients (59 women, median age 33) with known Crohn disease, using the endoscopic Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) as a reference standard. RESULTS The VIGOR score (17.1 × initial slope of increase + 0.2 × excess volume + 2.3 × mural T2) and other activity scores all had comparable correlation to the CDEIS scores (observer 1: r = 0.58 and 0.59, and observer 2: r = 0.34-0.40 and 0.43-0.51, respectively). The VIGOR score, however, improved interobserver agreement compared to the other activity scores (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.81 vs 0.44-0.59). A diagnostic accuracy of 80%-81% was seen for the VIGOR score, similar to the other scores. CONCLUSIONS The VIGOR score achieves comparable accuracy to conventional MRI activity scores, but with significantly improved reproducibility, favoring its use for disease monitoring and therapy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl A J Puylaert
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schüffler
- Department of Computer Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Robiel E Naziroglu
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A W Tielbeek
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhang Li
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jesica C Makanyanga
- Center for Medical Imaging, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charlotte J Tutein Nolthenius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Yung Nio
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas A Pendsé
- Center for Medical Imaging, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alex Menys
- Center for Medical Imaging, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cyriel Y Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Atkinson
- Center for Medical Imaging, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alastair Forbes
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Joachim M Buhmann
- Department of Computer Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas J Fuchs
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Lucas J van Vliet
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart A Taylor
- Center for Medical Imaging, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Frans M Vos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, P.O 22660, 1100DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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18
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Deng F, Wang S, Xu R, Yu W, Wang X, Zhang L. Endothelial microvesicles in hypoxic hypoxia diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3708-3718. [PMID: 29808945 PMCID: PMC6050493 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic hypoxia, including abnormally low partial pressure of inhaled oxygen, external respiratory dysfunction-induced respiratory hypoxia and venous blood flow into the arterial blood, is characterized by decreased arterial oxygen partial pressure, resulting in tissue oxygen deficiency. The specific characteristics include reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure and oxygen content. Hypoxic hypoxia diseases (HHDs) have attracted increased attention due to their high morbidity and mortality and mounting evidence showing that hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation, inflammation and angiogenesis play extremely important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of HHDs-related vascular endothelial injury. Interestingly, endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), which can be induced by hypoxia, hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation and inflammation in HHDs, have emerged as key mediators of intercellular communication and cellular functions. EMVs shed from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs) reflect the degree of ECs damage, and elevated EMVs levels are present in several HHDs, including obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, EMVs have procoagulant, proinflammatory and angiogenic functions that affect the pathological processes of HHDs. This review summarizes the emerging roles of EMVs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment and clinical prognosis of HHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Riping Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenqian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Institute of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Eichner NZM, Erdbrügger U, Malin SK. Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Target for Exercise-Mediated Reductions in Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:7807245. [PMID: 30018986 PMCID: PMC6029462 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7807245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise is important for reducing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, only about 40-50% of this CVD risk reduction is accounted for by adiposity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Herein, we present the novel hypothesis that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are candidate biomarkers that may relate to impaired endothelial function and insulin resistance independent of obesity risk factors. EVs are small membrane-bound particles that are generated by cells following stimulation, stress, or activation. They carry markers of their parent cell and are thought to be potent bioactivators and communicators. We discuss the underlying physiology of specific cell type EVs, as well as examine how acute and chronic exercise interventions impact EV count and phenotype. We also propose that current gaps in the field are in part related to use of different detection techniques and the lack of standardized measurements of EV affecting the pre- and postanalytical phase. Ultimately, improving the understanding of how EVs impact cardiometabolic health and their function will lead to improved approaches for enhancing diagnostic options as well as designing exercise interventions that treat and/or prevent T2D and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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20
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Zuwala-Jagiello J, Pazgan-Simon M, Murawska-Cialowicz E, Simon K. Influence of Diabetes on Circulating Apoptotic Microparticles in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1027-1034. [PMID: 28882977 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently occurs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and is associated with atherosclerosis, in which circulating microparticles (MPs) play an important role. We asked whether the presence of DM affects endothelial-derived (EMPs) and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) levels; and whether MPs levels associate with biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with CHC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 136 patients were enrolled in the study, 86 CHC patients (41 with DM with moderate glycemic control), 20 outpatients with DM and 30 controls. Circulating MPs were phenotyped by flow cytometry. RESULTS When the MPs levels were analyzed individually in CHC patients, there was a positive association of plasma apoptotic MPs with oxidative stress markers. We report a hitherto undescribed relationship between diabetes prevalence and apoptotic MPs-associated inflammation in patients with CHC. CONCLUSION The presence of apoptotic MPs in the plasma of CHC patients, with increased levels being found in patients with DM and moderate glycemic control was herein demonstrated. The simultaneous monitoring of plasma apoptotic MPs, oxidative stress markers and inflammatory biomarkers can be helpful for the cardiovascular disease control in diabetic patients with CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Pazgan-Simon
- Infectious Disease Department, Division of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Simon
- Infectious Disease Department, Division of Infectious Disease and Hepatology Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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21
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Eichner NZM, Gilbertson NM, Gaitan JM, Heiston EM, Musante L, LaSalvia S, Weltman A, Erdbrügger U, Malin SK. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher extracellular vesicle counts in obese adults. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13701. [PMID: 29845758 PMCID: PMC5974724 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of obesity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel target of CVD, however, it remains unknown if obese individuals with very poor fitness (VPF) have elevated EVs versus people with poor fitness (PF). Thus, we tested whether VPF was associated with greater EV subtypes in obese adults. Subjects with VPF (n = 13, VO2 peak: 15.4 ± 0.6 mL/kg/min, BMI: 34.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2 ) and PF (n = 13, VO2 peak: 25.9 ± 3.0 mL/kg/min, BMI: 32.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2 ) were compared in this cross-sectional study. After an overnight fast, AnnexinV (AV) +/- platelet (CD31+ /CD41+ ), leukocyte (CD45+ /CD41- ), and endothelial EVs (CD105+ , CD31+ /CD41- ) were analyzed from fresh platelet poor plasma via imaging flow cytometry. Body fat, blood pressure (BP), and glucose tolerance (OGTT) were also tested. Body weight, BP, and circulating glucose were similar between groups, although VPF subjects were older than PF (64.0 ± 2.1 vs. 49.8 ± 4.2 year; P < 0.05). People with VPF, compared with PF, had higher total AV- EVs (P = 0.04), AV- platelet EVs (CD31+ /CD41+ ; P = 0.006), and AV- endothelial EVs (CD31+ /CD41- ; P = 0.005) independent of age and body fat. Higher AV- platelet and endothelial EVs were associated with lower VO2 peak (r = -0.56, P = 0.006 and r = -0.55, P = 0.005, respectively). Endothelial-derived AV- /CD31+ /CD41- EVs were also related to pulse pressure (r = 0.45, P = 0.03), whereas AV- /CD105 was linked to postprandial glucose (r = 0.41, P = 0.04). VPF is associated with higher AnnexinV- total, endothelial, and platelet EVs in obese adults, suggesting that subtle differences in fitness may reduce type 2 diabetes and CVD risk through an EV-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julian M. Gaitan
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Emily M. Heiston
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Luca Musante
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Sabrina LaSalvia
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | - Steven K. Malin
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia
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22
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Alkhatatbeh MJ, Enjeti AK, Baqar S, Ekinci EI, Liu D, Thorne RF, Lincz LF. Strategies for enumeration of circulating microvesicles on a conventional flow cytometer: Counting beads and scatter parameters. J Circ Biomark 2018; 7:1849454418766966. [PMID: 29662552 PMCID: PMC5894907 DOI: 10.1177/1849454418766966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enumeration of circulating microvesicles (MVs) by conventional flow cytometry is accomplished by the addition of a known amount of counting beads and calculated from the formula: MV/μl = (MV count/bead count) × final bead concentration. We sought to optimize each variable in the equation by determining the best parameters for detecting ‘MV count’ and examining the effects of different bead preparations and concentrations on the final calculation. Three commercially available bead preparations (TruCount, Flow-Count and CountBright) were tested, and MV detection on a BD FACSCanto was optimized for gating by either forward scatter (FSC) or side scatter (SSC); the results were compared by calculating different subsets of MV on a series of 74 typical patient plasma samples. The relationship between the number of beads added to each test and the number of beads counted by flow cytometry remained linear over a wide range of bead concentrations (R2 ≥ 0.997). However, TruCount beads produced the most consistent (concentration variation = 3.8%) calculated numbers of plasma CD41+/Annexin V+ MV, which were significantly higher from that calculated using either Flow-Count or CountBright (p < 0.001). The FACSCanto was able to resolve 0.5 μm beads by FSC and 0.16 μm beads by SSC, but there were significantly more background events using SSC compared with FSC (3113 vs. 470; p = 0.008). In general, sample analysis by SSC resulted in significantly higher numbers of MV (p < 0.0001) but was well correlated with enumeration by FSC for all MV subtypes (ρ = 0.62–0.89, p < 0.0001). We conclude that all counting beads provided linear results at concentrations ranging from 6 beads/μl to 100 beads/μl, but TruCount was the most consistent. Using SSC to gate MV events produced high background which negatively affected counting bead enumeration and overall MV calculations. Strategies to reduce SSC background should be employed in order to reliably use this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Alkhatatbeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Anoop K Enjeti
- Haematology Unit, Calvary Mater Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathology North Hunter, NSW Health Pathology, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Baqar
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elif I Ekinci
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dorothy Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa F Lincz
- Haematology Unit, Calvary Mater Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Boriachek K, Islam MN, Möller A, Salomon C, Nguyen NT, Hossain MSA, Yamauchi Y, Shiddiky MJA. Biological Functions and Current Advances in Isolation and Detection Strategies for Exosome Nanovesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:1702153. [PMID: 29282861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201702153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale (≈30-150 nm) extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin that are shed by most types of cells and circulate in bodily fluids. Exosomes carry a specific composition of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA and can work as cargo to transfer this information to recipient cells. Recent studies on exosomes have shown that they play an important role in various biological processes, such as intercellular signaling, coagulation, inflammation, and cellular homeostasis. These functional roles are attributed to their ability to transfer RNA, proteins, enzymes, and lipids, thereby affecting the physiological and pathological conditions in various diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative, infectious, and autoimmune diseases (e.g., cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis). Due to these unique characteristics, exosomes are considered promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases via noninvasive or minimally invasive procedures. Over the last decade, a plethora of methodologies have been developed for analyzing disease-specific exosomes using optical and nonoptical tools. Here, the major biological functions, significance, and potential role of exosomes as biomarkers and therapeutics are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the most commonly used techniques for exosome analysis, highlighting the major technical challenges and limitations of existing techniques, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Boriachek
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Exosome Biology Laboratory, Centre for Clinical Diagnostics, University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Md Shahriar A Hossain
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials (AIIM), University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Innovation Campus, North Wollongong, NSW, 2519, Australia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Muhammad J A Shiddiky
- School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, QLD 4111, Australia
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Figueredo CM, Lira R, Sete MR, Fischer RG. Cell Derived Microparticles in Gingival Crevicular Fluid from Periodontitis Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Braz Dent J 2017; 28:675-678. [PMID: 29211120 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201701560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have been described as vital contributors to the inflammatory process. However, its role in the periodontal disease pathogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to detect the presence neutrophil (CD66b+) and platelet (CD41b+) derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals having periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes. Twelve patients (56.2 ±7.2 yrs) with severe form of chronic periodontitis aggravated by type 2 diabetes were included. Clinical and metabolic data were gathered. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected using filter strips from deep and shallow sites. MPs were detected by flow cytometry according to their size (< 1 µm) and the expression of surface markers (CD66b for neutrophil-derived MPs and CD41b for platelet-derived MPs). All samples were positive for the antibodies. Median levels of CD66b+ MPs and CD41b+ MPs were, respectively, 3,677.0 (2,553.2 - 9,059.8) MP/µL and 520.7 (432.9 - 766.1) MP/µL in deep sites. In shallow sites, the corresponding values were 2,644.9 (1,451.5 - 3,858.9) MP/µL and 371.2 (287.2 - 692.7) MP/µL. There was no significant difference between deep and shallow sites (p>0.05). In conclusion, this study reported the presence of neutrophil and platelet derived microparticles in gingival crevicular fluid from individuals having severe periodontitis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Marcelo Figueredo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Lira
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuela Rubim Sete
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Guimarães Fischer
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous particles found in a variety of biofluids that encapsulate molecular information from the cell, which they originate from. This rich source of information that is easily obtained can then be mined to find diagnostic biomarkers. This article explores the current biological understanding of EVs and specific methods to isolate and analyze them. A case study of a company leading the charge in using EVs in diagnostic assays is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Strotman
- PGXL Technologies, 201 East Jefferson Street, Suite 306, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
| | - Mark W Linder
- PGXL Technologies, 201 East Jefferson Street, Suite 306, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 511 S Floyd Street, MDR Building, Room 204, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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26
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Shantsila E, Montoro-García S, Gallego P, Lip GYH. Circulating microparticles: challenges and perspectives of flow cytometric assessment. Thromb Haemost 2017; 111:1009-14. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryCirculating blood microparticles are likely to play a significant role as messengers of biological information. Their accurate quantification and characterisation is challenging and needs to be carefully designed with preferable usage of fresh minimally-processed blood samples. Utilisation of flow cytometers specifically designed for analysis of small-size particles is likely to provide considerable methodological advantages and should be the preferable option. This viewpoint manuscript provides a critical summary of the key methodological aspects of microparticle analysis.Note: The review process for this viewpoint article was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
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27
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Wisgrill L, Lamm C, Hartmann J, Preißing F, Dragosits K, Bee A, Hell L, Thaler J, Ay C, Pabinger I, Berger A, Spittler A. Peripheral blood microvesicles secretion is influenced by storage time, temperature, and anticoagulants. Cytometry A 2017; 89:663-72. [PMID: 27442840 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are small membrane bound vesicles released from various cell types after activation or apoptosis. In the last decades, MVs received an increased interest as biomarkers in inflammation, coagulation and cancer. However, standardized pre-analytical steps are crucial for the minimization of artifacts in the MV analysis. Thus, this study evaluated the MV release in whole blood samples under the influence of different anticoagulants, storage time and various temperature conditions. Samples were collected from healthy probands and processed immediately, after 4, 8, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature (RT) or 4°C. To identify MV subpopulations, platelet free plasma (PFP) was stained with Annexin V, calcein AM, CD15, CD41 and CD235a. Analysis was performend on a CytoFLEX flow cytometer. Procoagulatory function of MVs was measured using a phospholipid dependent activity and a tissue factor MVactivity assay. Without prior storage, sodium citrate showed the lowest MV count compared to heparin and EDTA. Interestingly, EDTA showed a significant release of myeloid-derived MVs (MMVs) compared to sodium citrate. Sodium citrate showed a stable MV count at RT in the first 8 hours after blood collection. Total MV counts increased after 24 hours in sodium citrated or heparinzed blood which was related to all subpopulations. Interestingly, EDTA showed stable platelet-derived MV (PMV) and erythrocyte-derived MV (EryMV) count at RT over a 48 h period. In addition, the procoagulatory potential increased significantly after 8-hour storage. Based on both, this work and literature data, the used anticoagulant, storage time and storage temperature differently influence the analysis of MVs within 8 hours. To date, sodium citrated tubes are recommended for MV enumeration and functional analysis. EDTA tubes might be an option for the clinical routine due to stable PMV and EryMV counts. These new approaches need to be validated in a clinical laboratory setting before being applied to patient studies. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wisgrill
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Lamm
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Julia Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Falk Preißing
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Klaus Dragosits
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Annica Bee
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lena Hell
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Neonatology, Paediatric Intensive Care & Neuropaediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Department of Surgery, Research Labs, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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28
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Meng H, Kou J, Ma R, Ding W, Kou Y, Cao M, Dong Z, Bi Y, Thatte HS, Shi J. Prognostic implications and procoagulant activity of phosphatidylserine exposure of blood cells and microparticles in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with pulmonary vein isolation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8579-8588. [PMID: 29039531 PMCID: PMC5779910 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the procoagulant effects of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on blood cells and microparticles (MPs), and examine its role in predicting early recurrence atrial fibrillation (ERAF) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Blood samples were obtained from 40 healthy controls and 56 patients with AF at baseline (prior to PVI), and 0, 1 h, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days following PVI. The exposure of PS (PS+) to blood cells (platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes) and MPs was detected using flow cytometry. The procoagulant activity was evaluated by coagulation time, and the formation of factor Xa (FXa) and thrombin. In addition, independent factors associated with PS+ blood cells and MPs, and significant predictors of ERAF following PVI were investigated by statistical analyses. The numbers of PS+ blood cells and MPs were significantly increased by PVI (P<0.01). A significant decrease in coagulation time, and increases in FXa and thrombin were exhibited in the PS+ blood cells and MPs from patients with AF treated with PVI, whereas these alterations were inhibited by either lactadherin or anti-tissue factor (P<0.01). The maximum power of the PVI was significantly associated with platelet-derived MPs, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was closely associated with leukocyte-derived MPs and endothelial-derived MPs (EMPs) (P<0.01). In addition, hs-CRP and EMPs >355/µl were identified as independent predictors of ERAF (P<0.05). The increased numbers of PS+ platelets, erythrocytes, leukocytes and MPs contributed to the procoagulant state of AF, and hs-CRP and EMPs were able to predict ERAF following PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ruishuang Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Kou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Muhua Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zengxiang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yayan Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Hemant S Thatte
- Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Surgery, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Deng F, Wang S, Zhang L. Endothelial microparticles act as novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of circulatory hypoxia-related diseases: a literature review. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1698-1710. [PMID: 28316143 PMCID: PMC5571516 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulatory hypoxia-related diseases (CHRDs), including acute coronary syndromes, stroke and organ transplantation, attract increased attention due to high morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence shows that hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation, inflammation and angiogenesis play extremely important roles in the physiological and pathological processes of CHRD-related vascular endothelial injury. Interestingly, hypoxia, even hypoxia-induced oxidative stress, coagulation and inflammation can all induce release of endothelial microparticles (EMPs). EMPs, shed from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs), reflect the degree of EC damage, and elevated EMP levels are found in several CHRDs. Furthermore, EMPs, which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and function, have confirmed pro-coagulant, proinflammatory, angiogenic and other functions, affecting pathological processes. These findings suggest that EMPs and CHRDs have a very close relationship, and EMPs may help to identify CHRD phenotypes and stratify the severity of disease, to improve risk stratification for developing CHRDs, to better define prophylactic strategies and to ameliorate prognostic characterization of patients with CHRDs. This review summarizes the known and potential roles of EMPs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment and clinical prognosis of CHRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Deng
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
- Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityZhanjiangGuangdongChina
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30
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Coumans FAW, Brisson AR, Buzas EI, Dignat-George F, Drees EEE, El-Andaloussi S, Emanueli C, Gasecka A, Hendrix A, Hill AF, Lacroix R, Lee Y, van Leeuwen TG, Mackman N, Mäger I, Nolan JP, van der Pol E, Pegtel DM, Sahoo S, Siljander PRM, Sturk G, de Wever O, Nieuwland R. Methodological Guidelines to Study Extracellular Vesicles. Circ Res 2017; 120:1632-1648. [PMID: 28495994 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.309417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 659] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the relationship between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and physiological and pathological conditions, the interest in EVs is exponentially growing. EVs hold high hopes for novel diagnostic and translational discoveries. This review provides an expert-based update of recent advances in the methods to study EVs and summarizes currently accepted considerations and recommendations from sample collection to isolation, detection, and characterization of EVs. Common misconceptions and methodological pitfalls are highlighted. Although EVs are found in all body fluids, in this review, we will focus on EVs from human blood, not only our most complex but also the most interesting body fluid for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A W Coumans
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Alain R Brisson
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Edit I Buzas
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Esther E E Drees
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Samir El-Andaloussi
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Costanza Emanueli
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Gasecka
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - An Hendrix
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Andrew F Hill
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Romaric Lacroix
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Yi Lee
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Imre Mäger
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - John P Nolan
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - D Michiel Pegtel
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Susmita Sahoo
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Pia R M Siljander
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Guus Sturk
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Olivier de Wever
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.)
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- From the Biomedical Engineering and Physics (F.A.W.C., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P.), Vesicle Observation Centre (F.A.W.C., A.G., T.G.v.L., E.v.d.P., G.S., R.N.), and Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry (A.G., G.S., R.N.), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Extracellular Vesicles and Membrane Repair, UMR-5248-CBMN CNRS, University of Bordeaux, IPB, Pessac, France (A.R.B.); Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (E.I.B.); VRCM, UMRS-1076, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, UFR de Pharmacie, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Haematology and vascular biology department, CHU La Conception, APHM, Marseille, France (F.D.-G., R.L.); Exosomes Research Group, Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (E.E.E.D., D.M.P.); Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.E.-A., Y.L.); Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (S.E.-A., I.M.); Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, United Kingdom (C.E.); National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.E.); 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (A.G.); Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Belgium (A.H., O.d.W.); Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia (A.F.H.); Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.); Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia (I.M.); Scintillon Institute, San Diego, CA (J.P.N.); Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (S.S.); and EV Core Facility, University of Helsinki and EV-Group, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.R.M.S.).
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Christersson C, Thulin Å, Siegbahn A. Microparticles during long-term follow-up after acute myocardial infarction. Association to atherosclerotic burden and risk of cardiovascular events. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1571-1581. [PMID: 28424820 DOI: 10.1160/th16-11-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are formed from platelets (PMPs), endothelial cells (EMPs) and monocytes (MMPs), and in acute myocardial infarction (MI), there is an increase of MPs in the culprit artery. In this study MPs were evaluated in whole blood in 105 patients with MI at five time-points during a two-year follow-up (FU). Patients with non-ST-elevated MI had higher concentrations of CD41+MPs compared to ST-elevated MI patients (p=0.024). The concentrations of PMPs in whole blood increased during the time period (p<0.001), but no significant change over time was found for EMPs and MMPs. CD62P+MP counts were higher in MI patients with diabetes (p=0.020), and patients with hypertension had increased levels of CD14+MPs (p=0.004). The amount of CD62P+TF+MPs increased significantly during FU (p<0.001). Patients with atherosclerosis in three arterial beds, i. e. coronary, carotid and peripheral arteries, had lower concentrations of CD62P+TF+MPs (p=0.035) and CD144+TF+MPs (p=0.004) compared to patients with atherosclerosis in one or two arterial beds. Higher concentrations of CD62P+MPs early after MI were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events during FU, hazard ratio 3.32 (95 %CI1.20-9.31). Only small variations in PMP, EMP and MMP concentrations were found during long-term FU after MI and their levels seem to reflect the underlying cardiovascular disease rather than the acute MI. PMPs expressing P-selectin might be a promising biomarker for predicting future cardiovascular events, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Christersson
- Christina Christersson, MD, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala University, SE 75185 Uppsala, Sweden, Tel.: +46 18 611 9068, E-mail:
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Omar YA, Younis SE, Ismail IY, El-Sakka AI. Testosterone level and endothelial dysfunction in patients with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Andrology 2017; 5:527-534. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. A. Omar
- Department of Urology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - S. E. Younis
- Department of Clinical Pathology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - I. Y. Ismail
- Department of Urology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
| | - A. I. El-Sakka
- Department of Urology; Suez Canal University; Ismailia Egypt
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33
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Gamonet C, Mourey G, Aupet S, Biichle S, Petitjean R, Vidal C, Pugin A, Naegelen C, Tiberghien P, Morel P, Angelot-Delettre F, Seilles E, Saas P, Bardiaux L, Garnache-Ottou F. How to quantify microparticles in RBCs? A validated flow cytometry method allows the detection of an increase in microparticles during storage. Transfusion 2017; 57:504-516. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Gamonet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Guillaume Mourey
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- Hematology Laboratory; Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bourgogne/Franche-Comté
| | - Sophie Aupet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Sabéha Biichle
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Régis Petitjean
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Chrystelle Vidal
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique-1431, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon Jean Minjoz
| | - Aurore Pugin
- INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique-1431, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon Jean Minjoz
| | | | - Pierre Tiberghien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- EFS Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; Besançon France
| | | | - Fanny Angelot-Delettre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | - Estelle Seilles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- Hematology Laboratory; Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bourgogne/Franche-Comté
| | - Philippe Saas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
| | | | - Francine Garnache-Ottou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1098, Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- EFS Bourgogne/Franche-Comté; Besançon France
- Hematology Laboratory; Établissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bourgogne/Franche-Comté
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Almhanawi BH, Khalid B, Ibrahim TA, Tohit ERM. A transmission electron microscopy study of anticoagulant-induced platelet vesiculation. Porto Biomed J 2016; 2:23-27. [PMID: 32258580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbj.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights EDTA induces platelet microparticles (PMPs) vesiculation.Sodium citrated tubes are better than EDTA tubes in PMPs analysis.Sodium citrate has a minor impact on platelet structure. Abstract Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are small membrane fragments released from activated platelets in response to various stimuli. PMPs serve as biomarkers for several diseases and conditions and are useful tools for prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. The objective of our study was to compare the direct effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium citrate anticoagulants on platelet structure and PMP vesiculation using transmission electron microscopy to visualize the morphologic changes in platelets. Micrographs revealed that platelets in the EDTA-anticoagulated tube manifested with significant morphologic changes and induced PMP vesiculation. On the other hand, the sodium citrate-anticoagulated tube showed a normal platelet structure and minor modifications in some cases, with poor indication of PMP vesiculation. In conclusion, EDTA induced platelet activation and PMP vesiculation and represents a major source of artifacts during the pre-analysis steps of PMP vesiculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahaa Hadi Almhanawi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Bahariah Khalid
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Tengku Azmi Ibrahim
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (IBS), University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Endothelial Microparticles Act as Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers of Diabetes and Its Complications: A Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9802026. [PMID: 27803933 PMCID: PMC5075589 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9802026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) related vascular diseases attract increased attention due to their high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of obesity, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is significantly higher in DM patients, with an earlier onset and faster progression compared with non-DM patients. DM-related vascular diseases including macrovascular and microvascular complications are characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is important for the diagnosis and treatment of DM. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are new diagnostic and therapeutic targets and biomarkers in DM-related vascular disease. Circulating EMPs containing biologically active substances act as intercellular signals under physiological and pathological conditions. They serve as biological markers of altered vascular endothelium and reflect the pathological progression and diminished endothelial function of blood vessels. Recent evidence suggests that the plasma level of EMPs is significantly higher in DM patients than in healthy population and is significantly correlated with DM-related complications. These observations have prompted speculation that EMPs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DM. This review summarizes the known and potential roles of EMPs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and clinical prognosis of DM and related vascular diseases.
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36
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Serviente C, Troy LM, de Jonge M, Shill DD, Jenkins NT, Witkowski S. Endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise in perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R841-R850. [PMID: 27534876 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00189.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are characteristics of subclinical atherosclerosis and may increase through progressive menopausal stages. Evaluating endothelial responses to acute exercise can reveal underlying dysfunction not apparent in resting conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate markers of endothelial function and inflammation before and after acute exercise in healthy low-active perimenopausal (PERI) and late postmenopausal (POST) women. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), CD31+/CD42b- and CD62E+ endothelial microparticles (EMPs), and the circulating inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured before and 30 min after acute exercise. Before exercise, FMD was not different between groups (PERI: 6.4 ± 0.9% vs. POST: 6.5 ± 0.8%, P = 0.97); however, after acute exercise PERI tended to improve FMD (8.5 ± 0.9%, P = 0.09), whereas POST did not (6.2 ± 0.8%, P = 0.77). Independent of exercise, we observed transient endothelial dysfunction in POST with repeated FMD measures. There was a group × exercise interaction for CD31+/CD42b- EMPs (P = 0.04), where CD31+/CD42b- EMPs were similar before exercise (PERI: 57.0 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 58.5 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.86) but were higher in POST following exercise (PERI: 48.2 ± 6.7 EMPs/μl vs. POST: 69.4 ± 5.3 EMPs/μl, P = 0.023). CD62E+ EMPs were lower in PERI compared with POST before exercise (P < 0.001) and increased in PERI (P = 0.04) but did not change in POST (P = 0.68) in response to acute exercise. After acute exercise, MCP-1 (P = 0.055), TNF-α (P = 0.02), and IL-8 (P < 0.001) were lower in PERI but only IL-8 decreased in POST (P < 0.001). Overall, these data suggest that perimenopausal and late postmenopausal women display different endothelial and inflammatory responses to acute exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Serviente
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa M Troy
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts; and
| | - Maxine de Jonge
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel D Shill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts;
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Yun JW, Xiao A, Tsunoda I, Minagar A, Alexander JS. From trash to treasure: The untapped potential of endothelial microparticles in neurovascular diseases. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2016; 23:265-274. [PMID: 27531185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Discovered in 1947, microparticles (MP) represent a group of sub-micron cell-derived particles isolated by high speed centrifugation. Once regarded as cellular 'trash', in the past decade MP have gained tremendous attention in both basic sciences and medical research both as biomarkers and mediators of infection, injury and response to therapy. Because MP bear cell surface markers derived from parent cells, accumulate in extracellular fluids (plasma, serum, milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid) MP based tests are being developed commercially as important components in 'liquid biopsy' approaches, providing valuable readouts in cardiovascular disease and cancer, as well as stroke, Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis. Importantly, MP have been reported as mobile transport vectors in the intercellular transfer of mRNAs, microRNAs, lipids and proteins. Here we discuss MP structure, properties and functions with particular relevance to neurological and neurovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Winny Yun
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Adam Xiao
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Departments of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States; Department of Microbiology, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Alireza Minagar
- Departments of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - J Steven Alexander
- Departments of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States; Departments of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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Childhood obesity-related endothelial dysfunction: an update on pathophysiological mechanisms and diagnostic advancements. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:831-7. [PMID: 26866906 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity jeopardizes a healthy future for our society's children as it is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality later on in life. Endothelial dysfunction, the first step in the development of atherosclerosis, is already present in obese children and may well represent a targetable risk factor. Technological advancements in recent years have facilitated noninvasive measurements of endothelial homeostasis in children. Thereby this topic ultimately starts to get the attention it deserves. In this paper, we aim to summarize the latest insights on endothelial dysfunction in childhood obesity. We discuss methodological advancements in peripheral endothelial function measurement and newly identified diagnostic markers of vascular homeostasis. Finally, future challenges and perspectives are set forth on how to efficiently tackle the catastrophic rise in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that will be inflicted on obese children if they are not treated optimally.
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Paudel KR, Panth N, Kim DW. Circulating Endothelial Microparticles: A Key Hallmark of Atherosclerosis Progression. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:8514056. [PMID: 27066292 PMCID: PMC4811266 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8514056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The levels of circulating microparticles (MPs) are raised in various cardiovascular diseases. Their increased level in plasma is regarded as a biomarker of alteration in vascular function. The prominent MPs present in blood are endothelial microparticles (EMPs) described as complex submicron (0.1 to 1.0 μm) vesicles like structure, released in response to endothelium cell activation or apoptosis. EMPs possess both physiological and pathological effects and may promote oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. EMPs release is triggered by inducer like angiotensin II, lipopolysaccharide, and hydrogen peroxide leading to the progression of atherosclerosis. However, there are multiple physiological pathways for EMPs generation like NADPH oxidase derived endothelial ROS formation, Rho kinase pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Endothelial dysfunction is a key initiating event in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Atheroemboli, resulting from ruptured carotid plaques, is a major cause of stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that EMPs play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, acting as a marker of damage, either exacerbating disease progression or triggering a repair response. In this regard, it has been suggested that EMPs have the potential to act as biomarkers of disease status. This review aims to provide updated information of EMPs in relation to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Panth
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-729, Republic of Korea
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Andrews AM, Rizzo V. Microparticle-Induced Activation of the Vascular Endothelium Requires Caveolin-1/Caveolae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149272. [PMID: 26891050 PMCID: PMC4758735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane fragments shed from normal as well as activated, apoptotic or injured cells. Emerging evidence implicates MPs as a causal and/or contributing factor in altering normal vascular cell phenotype through initiation of proinflammatory signal transduction events and paracrine delivery of proteins, mRNA and miRNA. However, little is known regarding the mechanism by which MPs influence these events. Caveolae are important membrane microdomains that function as centers of signal transduction and endocytosis. Here, we tested the concept that the MP-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype shift in endothelial cells (ECs) depends on caveolae. Consistent with previous reports, MP challenge activated ECs as evidenced by upregulation of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression. ICAM-1 upregulation was mediated by activation of NF-κB, Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This response was absent in ECs lacking caveolin-1/caveolae. To test whether caveolae-mediated endocytosis, a dynamin-2 dependent process, is a feature of the proinflammatory response, EC’s were pretreated with the dynamin-2 inhibitor dynasore. Similar to observations in cells lacking caveolin-1, inhibition of endocytosis significantly attenuated MPs effects including, EGFR phosphorylation, activation of NF-κB and upregulation of ICAM-1 expression. Thus, our results indicate that caveolae play a role in mediating the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways which lead to EC activation in response to MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Andrews
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chandler WL. Measurement of microvesicle levels in human blood using flow cytometry. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2016; 90:326-36. [PMID: 26606416 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are fragments of cells released when the cells are activated, injured, or apoptotic. Analysis of microvesicle levels in blood has the potential to shed new light on the pathophysiology of many diseases. Flow cytometry is currently the only method that can simultaneously separate true lipid microvesicles from other microparticles in blood, determine the cell of origin and other microvesicle characteristics, and handle large numbers of clinical samples with a reasonable effort, but expanded use of flow cytometric measurement of microvesicle levels as a clinical and research tool requires improved, standardized assays. The goal of this review is to aid investigators in applying current best practices to microvesicle measurements. First pre-analytical factors are evaluated and data summarized for anticoagulant effects, sample transport and centrifugation. Next flow cytometer optimization is reviewed including interference from background in buffers and reagents, accurate microvesicle counting, swarm interference, and other types of coincidence errors, size calibration, and detection limits using light scattering, impedance and fluorescence. Finally current progress on method standardization is discussed and a summary of current best practices provided. © 2016 Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne L Chandler
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Erdbrügger U, Lannigan J. Analytical challenges of extracellular vesicle detection: A comparison of different techniques. Cytometry A 2015; 89:123-34. [PMID: 26651033 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) has grown exponentially over the last decade. Evolving evidence is demonstrating that these EVs are playing an important role in health and disease. They are involved in intercellular communication and have been shown to transfer proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review focuses on the most commonly used techniques for detection of EVs, to include microparticles, 100-1,000 nm in size, and exosomes, 50-100 nm in size. Conventional flow cytometry is the most prevalent technique, but nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and resistive pulse sensing have also been used to detect EVs. The accurate measurement of these vesicles is challenged by size heterogeneity, low refractive index, and the lack of dynamic measurement range for most of the available technologies. Sample handling during the preanalytical phase can also affect the accuracy of measurements. Currently, there is not one single method which allows phenotyping, sizing, and enumerating the whole range of EVs and, therefore, providing all the necessary information to truly understand the biology of these particles. A combination of methods is probably needed which might also include electron and atomic force microscopy and full RNA, lipid, and protein profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Erdbrügger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
| | - Joanne Lannigan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
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Sánchez-López V, Vila-Liante V, Arellano-Orden E, Elías-Hernández T, Ramón-Nuñez LA, Jara-Palomares L, Martínez-Sales V, Gao L, Otero-Candelera R. High correlation between 2 flow cytometry platforms in the microparticles analysis using a new calibrated beads strategy. Transl Res 2015; 166:733-9. [PMID: 26342453 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis in pathologic conditions. However, the lack of standardization of the preanalytical and analytical methods leads to a wide variability in MPs results. The recently developed Megamix-Plus beads, a new bead-based standardization tool optimized to specific types of flow cytometers, could help circumvent this problem. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the number of total MPs and platelet-derived MPs (PMPs) is similar using 2 different cytometer platforms calibrated with the Megamix-Plus beads. Blood samples from 65 patients with deep venous thrombosis were collected and processed to obtain platelet poor plasma (PPP). The number of total MPs and PMPs in each PPP sample was measured using 2 flow cytometers. Megamix-Plus side scatter channel beads were used to calibrate the LSRFortessa flow cytometer from Becton Dickinson, whereas Megamix-Plus forward scatter channel beads were applied to the Navios flow cytometer from Beckman Coulter. High correlation of total MPs and PMPs values between the flow cytometers was found (r = 0.908, P < 0.01 and r = 0.910, P < 0.001, respectively). However, the absolute numbers of total MPs and PMPs were significantly higher measured with the Navios flow cytometer compared with the LSRFortessa cytometer. Therefore, both platforms are valid for MPs determination in general, although a similar platform with the same calibration tool could be a better choice for multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sánchez-López
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Virtudes Vila-Liante
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Arellano-Orden
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Teresa Elías-Hernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis A Ramón-Nuñez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Jara-Palomares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Vicenta Martínez-Sales
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lin Gao
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Remedios Otero-Candelera
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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Elevated circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticle levels in patients with liver cirrhosis: a preliminary report. Clin Exp Hepatol 2015; 1:105-111. [PMID: 28856256 PMCID: PMC5497416 DOI: 10.5114/ceh.2015.55567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study To determine plausible associations between liver cirrhosis and circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels and plasma nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. Material and methods Sixty patients with cirrhosis and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Circulating EMPs from platelet-poor plasma samples were examined by flow cytometry. These microparticles were categorized into endothelial cell-derived activated MPs (EMP-ac) (CD31+ CD42b– AN-V–) and endothelial cell-derived apoptotic MPs (EMP-ap) (CD31+ CD42b– AN-V+). Plasma VEGF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma NO metabolites (NOx–) levels were determined using a Greiss reaction method. Results Compared with the healthy control subjects, the patients with cirrhosis showed a significant increase in plasma levels of both phenotypes of EMPs. When the presence of ascites was considered, the plasma levels of EMP-ap were higher (p < 0.01), as well as NOx– (p < 0.05). EMP-ap positively correlated with VEGF level in all cirrhotic patients and this correlation was stronger in decompensated cirrhotic patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent factors associated with the presence of ascites were high EMP-ap levels and elevated VEGF levels. Conclusions Elevated plasma levels of EMP-ap in addition to high levels of VEGF might be considered as valuable parameters for predicting the occurrence of ascites in cirrhotic patients.
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Immuno-analysis of microparticles: probing at the limits of detection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16314. [PMID: 26553743 PMCID: PMC4639787 DOI: 10.1038/srep16314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticle (MP) research is clouded by debate regarding the accuracy and validity of flow cytometry (FCM) as an analytical methodology, as it is influenced by many variables including the pre-analytical conditions, instruments physical capabilities and detection parameters. This study utilises a simplistic in vitro system for generating MP, and through comparative analysis with immuno-electron microscopy (Immuno-EM) assesses the strengths and limitations of probe selection and high-sensitivity FCM. Of the markers examined, MP were most specifically labelled with phosphatidylserine ligands, annexin V and lactadherin, although only ~60% MP are PS positive. Whilst these two ligands detect comparable absolute MP numbers, they interact with the same population in distinct manners; annexin V binding is enhanced on TNF induced MP. CD105 and CD54 expression were, as expected, consistent and enhanced following TNF activation respectively. Their labelling however accounted for as few as 30-40% of MP. The greatest discrepancies between FCM and I-EM were observed in the population solely labelled for the surface antigen. These findings demonstrate that despite significant improvements in resolution, high-sensitivity FCM remains limited in detecting small-size MP expressing low antigen levels. This study highlights factors to consider when selecting endothelial MP probes, as well as interpreting and representing data.
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46
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Effects of normoxic and hypoxic exercise regimens on monocyte-mediated thrombin generation in sedentary men. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:363-74. [PMID: 25826125 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and hypoxia paradoxically modulate vascular thrombotic risks. The shedding of procoagulant-rich microparticles from monocytes may accelerate the pathogenesis of atherothrombosis. The present study explores the manner in which normoxic and hypoxic exercise regimens affect procoagulant monocyte-derived microparticle (MDMP) formation and monocyte-promoted thrombin generation (TG). Forty sedentary healthy males were randomized to perform either normoxic (NET; 21% O2, n=20) or hypoxic (HET; 15% O2, n=20) exercise training (60% VO(2max)) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks. At rest and immediately after HET (100 W under 12% O2 for 30 min), the MDMP characteristics and dynamic TG were measured by flow cytometry and thrombinography respectively. The results demonstrated that acute 12% O2 exercise (i) increased the release of coagulant factor V (FV)/FVIII-rich, phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposed and tissue factor (TF)-expressed microparticles from monocytes, (ii) enhanced the peak height and rate of TG in monocyte-rich plasma (MRP) and (iii) elevated concentrations of norepinephrine/epinephrine, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in plasma. Following the 5-week intervention, HET exhibited higher enhancements of peak work-rate and cardiopulmonary fitness than NET did. Moreover, both NET and HET decreased the FV/FVIII-rich, PS-exposed and TF-expressed MDMP counts and the peak height and rate of TG in MRP following the HET. However, HET elicited more suppression for the HE (hypoxic exercise)-enhanced procoagulant MDMP formation and dynamic TG in MPR and catecholamine/peroxide/pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in plasma than NET. Hence, we conclude that HET is superior to NET for enhancing aerobic capacity. Furthermore, HET effectively suppresses procoagulant MDMP formation and monocyte-mediated TG under severe hypoxic stress, compared with NET.
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Ding W, Kou J, Meng H, Kou Y, He Z, Cao M, Wang L, Bi Y, Thatte HS, Shi J. Procoagulant activity induced by transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects is associated with exposure of phosphatidylserine on microparticles, platelets and red blood cells. Thromb Res 2015; 136:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vajen T, Mause SF, Koenen RR. Microvesicles from platelets: novel drivers of vascular inflammation. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:228-36. [PMID: 25994053 DOI: 10.1160/th14-11-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles are receiving increased attention not only as biomarkers but also as mediators of cell communication and as integral effectors of disease. Platelets present a major source of microvesicles and release these microvesicles either spontaneously or upon activation. Platelet-derived microvesicles retain many features of their parent cells and have been shown to exert modulatory effects on vascular and immune cells. Accordingly, microvesicles from platelets can be measured at increased levels in patients with cardiovascular disease or individuals at risk. In addition, isolated microvesicles from platelets were shown to exert immunomodulatory actions on various cell types. In this review the various aspects of platelet-derived microvesicles including release, clearance, measurement, occurrence during disease and relevance for the pathophysiology of vascular inflammation will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R R Koenen
- Rory R. Koenen, PhD, Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Tel.: +31 43 3881674, Fax: +31 43 3884159, E-mail:
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Turbica I, Gallais Y, Gueguen C, Tharinger H, Al Sabbagh C, Gorges R, Gary-Gouy H, Kerdine-Ro¨mer S, Pallardy M, Mascarell L, Gleizes A, Chollet-Martin S. Ectosomes from neutrophil-like cells down-regulate nickel-induced dendritic cell maturation and promote Th2 polarization. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:737-49. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0314-132rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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50
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van Ierssel SH, Conraads VM, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Liu Y, Maas AIR, Parizel PM, Hoymans VY, Vrints CJ, Jorens PG. Endothelial dysfunction in acute brain injury and the development of cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:866-72. [PMID: 25677574 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CeI) is a major complicating event after acute brain injury (ABI) in which endothelial dysfunction is a key player. This study evaluates cellular markers of endothelial function and in vivo reactive hyperemia in patients with ABI and their relationship to the development of cerebral ischemia. We studied cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction and the peripheral reactive hyperemia index (RHI) in 26 patients with ABI at admission and after 6 and 12 days, and compared these with those of healthy volunteers (n = 15). CeI was determined clinically or by computer tomography. In patients with ABI, RHI at admission was significantly reduced compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.003), coinciding with a decrease in circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC; P = 0.002). The RHI recovered in eight patients without development of CeI, but failed to fully recover by day 12 in three of four patients who developed CeI. Despite recovery of the RHI within 12 days in these patients (P = 0.003), EPC count remained significantly lower after 12 days in patients with ABI (P = 0.022). CD31(+) T cells and endothelial microparticles were not different between controls and patients. No differences were noted in cellular markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients developing CeI and those not. In conclusion, patients with ABI exhibit impaired microvascular endothelial function measured as RHI and a decreased circulating level of EPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina H van Ierssel
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium; Department of Internal Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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