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Das PK, Matada GSP, Pal R, Maji L, Dhiwar PS, Manjushree BV, Viji MP. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as anticancer agents: An outlook on clinical progress, synthetic strategies, biological activity, and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116535. [PMID: 38838546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is considered an essential component in case of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) damage, response by sensing DNA damage and engaging DNA repair proteins. Those proteins repair the damaged DNA via an aspect of posttranslational modification, known as poly (ADP-Ribosyl)ation (PARylation). Specifically, PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown better results when administered alone in a variety of cancer types with BRCA (Breast Cancer gene) mutation. The clinical therapeutic benefits of PARP inhibitors have been diminished by their cytotoxicity, progression of drug resistance, and limitation of indication, regardless of their tremendous clinical effectiveness. A growing number of PARP-1 inhibitors, particularly those associated with BRCA-1/2 mutations, have been identified as potential cancer treatments. Recently, several researchers have identified various promising scaffolds, which have resulted in the resuscitation of the faith in PARP inhibitors as cancer therapies. This review provided a comprehensive update on the anatomy and physiology of the PARP enzyme, the profile of FDA (Food and Drug Administration) and CFDA (China Food and Drug Administration)-approved drugs, and small-molecule inhibitors of PARP, including their synthetic routes, biological evaluation, selectivity, and structure-activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pronoy Kanti Das
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
| | - Lalmohan Maji
- Tarifa Memorial Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Murshidabad, 742166, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasad Sanjay Dhiwar
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - B V Manjushree
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - M P Viji
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
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2
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Bao P, Wang X, Zhang X, Yu Y, Ma Y, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu X, Gong P, Zhang N, Lee SO, Li X, Li J. Clonorchis sinensis aggravated liver fibrosis by activating PARP-1 signaling to induce parthanatos via DNA damage. Vet Parasitol 2024; 330:110217. [PMID: 38861911 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that is highly associated with liver fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. Further understanding of the pathogenesis of C. sinensis, especially liver fibrosis, could help us develop novel strategies for controlling clonorchiasis. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) can induce cellular parthanatos which is reported to be involved in liver fibrosis. Currently, whether C. sinensis could activate PARP-1 signaling to induce parthanatos or whether parthanatos play a role in C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis is not clear. In the present study, the expression of PARP-1 and parthanatos indicators were detected in C. sinensis-infected mouse liver and in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBEpiCs) incubated with excretory/secretory products (ESPs) of C. sinensis. To explore the role of PARP-1 in C. sinensis infection, PARP-1 inhibitor NMS-P118 was used to block PARP-1 expression in vivo and vitro. The mortality rate, body weight, worm load, liver and bile duct lesions as well as PARP-1 and parthanatos indicators in C57BL/6 mice infected with C. sinensis, or in HiBEpiCs incubated with C. sinensis ESPs and NMS-P118 were analyzed and compared to the group without NMS-P118. The results showed that C. sinensis infection induced the activation of PARP-1 signaling as well as the translocation of AIF and MIF into the nucleus in mouse liver. ESPs of C. sinensis could induce PARP-1 up-regulation, ATP depletion and DNA damage in HiBEpiCs, indicating that C. sinensis could induce parthanatos. Inhibiting PARP-1 with NMS-P118 significantly reduced liver fibrosis and the number of larvae, increased the survival rate and body weight gain of the mice infected with C. sinensis. In addition, NMS-P118 decreased the expression of PARP-1 and alleviated ATP depletion as well as DNA damage in HiBEpiCs incubated with ESPs of C. sinensis. Our data indicated that C. sinensis and its ESPs could activate PARP-1 signaling to induce cellular parthanatos. NMS-P118 treatment alleviated liver fibrosis and promoted survival of the mice by inhibiting PARP-1, which suggested that PARP-1 could be used as a potential therapeutic target against clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yeting Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Yuru Wang
- College of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China.
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Pengtao Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Soon-Ok Lee
- Department of Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomedical Science Institute, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Jianhua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Engbrecht M, Grundei D, Dilger AM, Wiedemann H, Aust AK, Baumgärtner S, Helfrich S, Kergl-Räpple F, Bürkle A, Mangerich A. Monitoring nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells by high-content microscopy and automated image analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae598. [PMID: 39036969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus has core functions in ribosome biosynthesis, but also acts as a regulatory hub in a plethora of non-canonical processes, including cellular stress. Upon DNA damage, several DNA repair factors shuttle between the nucleolus and the nucleoplasm. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying such spatio-temporal protein dynamics remain to be deciphered. Here, we present a novel imaging platform to investigate nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells. For image acquisition, we used a commercially available automated fluorescence microscope and for image analysis, we developed a KNIME workflow with implementation of machine learning-based tools. We validated the method with different nucleolar proteins, i.e., PARP1, TARG1 and APE1, by monitoring their shuttling dynamics upon oxidative stress. As a paradigm, we analyzed PARP1 shuttling upon H2O2 treatment in combination with a range of pharmacological inhibitors in a novel reporter cell line. These experiments revealed that inhibition of SIRT7 results in a loss of nucleolar PARP1 localization. Finally, we unraveled specific differences in PARP1 shuttling dynamics after co-treatment with H2O2 and different clinical PARP inhibitors. Collectively, this work delineates a highly sensitive and versatile bioimaging platform to investigate swift nucleolar-nucleoplasmic protein shuttling in living cells, which can be employed for pharmacological screening and in-depth mechanistic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Engbrecht
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Grundei
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Asisa M Dilger
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hannah Wiedemann
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ann-Kristin Aust
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumgärtner
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
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Choi S, Bae HG, Jo DG, Kim WY. The Role of IRF9 Upregulation in Modulating Sensitivity to Olaparib and Platinum-Based Chemotherapies in Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:959. [PMID: 39062738 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are targeted therapies that accumulate DNA damage by interfering with DNA repair mechanisms and are approved for treating several cancers with BRCA1/2 mutations. In this study, we utilized CRISPR-dCas9 interference screening to identify genes regulating sensitivity to PARP inhibitors in breast cancer cell lines. Our findings indicated that the interferon (IFN) signaling gene IRF9 was critically involved in modulating sensitivity to these inhibitors. We revealed that the loss of IRF9 leads to increased resistance to the PARP inhibitor in MDA-MB-468 cells, and a similar desensitization was observed in another breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Further analysis indicated that while the basal expression of IRF9 did not correlate with the response to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, its transcriptional induction was significantly associated with increased sensitivity to the DNA-damaging agent cisplatin in the NCI-60 cell line panel. This finding suggests a mechanistic link between IRF9 induction and cellular responses to DNA damage. Additionally, data from the METABRIC patient tissue study revealed a complex network of IFN-responsive gene expressions postchemotherapy, with seven upregulated genes, including IRF9, and three downregulated genes. These findings underscore the intricate role of IFN signaling in the cellular response to chemotherapy. Collectively, our CRISPR screening data and subsequent bioinformatic analyses suggest that IRF9 is a novel biomarker for sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, such as olaparib and platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Our findings for IRF9 not only enhance our understanding of the genetic basis of drug sensitivity, but also elucidate the role of IRF9 as a critical effector within IFN signaling pathways, potentially influencing the association between the host immune system and chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeokGyeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Bae
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Muscle Physiome Research Center, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
- Drug Information Research Institute, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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5
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Gopal AA, Fernandez B, Delano J, Weissleder R, Dubach JM. PARP trapping is governed by the PARP inhibitor dissociation rate constant. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1373-1382.e10. [PMID: 38262416 PMCID: PMC11259578 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are a class of cancer drugs that enzymatically inhibit PARP activity at sites of DNA damage. Yet, PARPi function mainly by trapping PARP1 onto DNA with a wide range of potency among the clinically relevant inhibitors. How PARPi trap and why some are better trappers remain unknown. Here, we show trapping occurs primarily through a kinetic phenomenon at sites of DNA damage that correlates with PARPi koff. Our results suggest PARP trapping is not the physical stalling of PARP1 on DNA, rather the high probability of PARP re-binding damaged DNA in the absence of other DNA-binding protein recruitment. These results clarify how PARPi trap, shed new light on how PARPi function, and describe how PARPi properties correlate to trapping potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica A Gopal
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Bianca Fernandez
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Justin Delano
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - J Matthew Dubach
- Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114.
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6
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Tsuge H, Habuka N, Yoshida T. General ADP-Ribosylation Mechanism Based on the Structure of ADP-Ribosyltransferase-Substrate Complexes. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:313. [PMID: 39057953 PMCID: PMC11281641 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous modification of proteins and other targets, such as nucleic acids, that regulates various cellular functions in all kingdoms of life. Furthermore, these ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) modify a variety of substrates and atoms. It has been almost 60 years since ADP-ribosylation was discovered. Various ART structures have been revealed with cofactors (NAD+ or NAD+ analog). However, we still do not know the molecular mechanisms of ART. It needs to be better understood how ART specifies the target amino acids or bases. For this purpose, more information is needed about the tripartite complex structures of ART, the cofactors, and the substrates. The tripartite complex is essential to understand the mechanism of ADP-ribosyltransferase. This review updates the general ADP-ribosylation mechanism based on ART tripartite complex structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Tsuge
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 6038555, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Habuka
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 6038555, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshida
- Faculty of Sciences, Japan Women’s University, Tokyo 1120015, Japan
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Zampieri M, Karpach K, Salerno G, Raguzzini A, Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Dule S, De Matteis G, Zardo G, Borro M, Peluso I, Cavallo MG, Reale A. PAR level mediates the link between ROS and inflammatory response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103243. [PMID: 38906011 PMCID: PMC11253151 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis and metabolic abnormalities, with oxidative stress and inflammation playing pivotal roles in its pathophysiology. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a post-translational process involving the addition of ADP-ribose polymers (PAR) to target proteins. While preclinical studies have implicated PARylation in the interplay between oxidative stress and inflammation in T2DM, direct clinical evidence in humans remains limited. This study investigates the relationship between oxidative stress, PARylation, and inflammatory response in T2DM patients. METHODS This cross-sectional investigation involved 61 T2DM patients and 48 controls. PAR levels were determined in peripheral blood cells (PBMC) by ELISA-based methodologies. Oxidative stress was assessed in plasma and PBMC. In plasma, we monitored reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In PBMC, we measured the expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD1, GPX1 and CAT by qPCR. Further, we evaluated the expression of inflammatory mediators such as IL6, TNF-α, CD68 and MCP1 by qPCR in PBMC. RESULTS T2DM patients exhibited elevated PAR levels in PBMC and increased d-ROMs in plasma. Positive associations were found between PAR levels and d-ROMs, suggesting a link between oxidative stress and altered PAR metabolism. Mediation analysis revealed that d-ROMs mediate the association between HbA1c levels and PAR, indicating oxidative stress as a potential driver of increased PARylation in T2DM. Furthermore, elevated PAR levels were found to be associated with increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNF-α in the PBMC of T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights that hyperactivation of PARylation is associated with poor glycemic control and the resultant oxidative stress in T2DM. The increase of PAR levels is correlated with the upregulation of key mediators of the inflammatory response. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and explore their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Katsyarina Karpach
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Raguzzini
- CREA- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Agata Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sara Dule
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giovanna De Matteis
- CREA-Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Zardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marina Borro
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Peluso
- CREA- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Gisella Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Reale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Chen L, Han W, Jing W, Feng M, Zhou Q, Cheng X. Novel anti- Acanthamoeba effects elicited by a repurposed poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor AZ9482. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1414135. [PMID: 38863831 PMCID: PMC11165085 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1414135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acanthamoeba infection is a serious public health concern, necessitating the development of effective and safe anti-Acanthamoeba chemotherapies. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) govern a colossal amount of biological processes, such as DNA damage repair, protein degradation and apoptosis. Multiple PARP-targeted compounds have been approved for cancer treatment. However, repurposing of PARP inhibitors to treat Acanthamoeba is poorly understood. Methods In the present study, we attempted to fill these knowledge gaps by performing anti-Acanthamoeba efficacy assays, cell biology experiments, bioinformatics, and transcriptomic analyses. Results Using a homology model of Acanthamoeba poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), molecular docking of approved drugs revealed three potential inhibitory compounds: olaparib, venadaparib and AZ9482. In particular, venadaparib exhibited superior docking scores (-13.71) and favorable predicted binding free energy (-89.28 kcal/mol), followed by AZ9482, which showed a docking score of -13.20 and a binding free energy of -92.13 kcal/mol. Notably, the positively charged cyclopropylamine in venadaparib established a salt bridge (through E535) and a hydrogen bond (via N531) within the binding pocket. For comparison, AZ9482 was well stacked by the surrounding aromatic residues including H625, Y652, Y659 and Y670. In an assessment of trophozoites viability, AZ9482 exhibited a dose-and time-dependent anti-trophozoite effect by suppressing Acanthamoeba PARP activity, unlike olaparib and venadaparib. An Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis assay revealed AZ9482 induced trophozoite necrotic cell death rather than apoptosis. Transcriptomics analyses conducted on Acanthamoeba trophozoites treated with AZ9482 demonstrated an atlas of differentially regulated proteins and genes, and found that AZ9482 rapidly upregulates a multitude of DNA damage repair pathways in trophozoites, and intriguingly downregulates several virulent genes. Analyzing gene expression related to DNA damage repair pathway and the rate of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites indicated DNA damage efficacy and repair modulation in Acanthamoeba trophozoites following AZ9482 treatment. Discussion Collectively, these findings highlight AZ9482, as a structurally unique PARP inhibitor, provides a promising prototype for advancing anti-Acanthamoeba drug research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Han
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjia Cheng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Yang J, Liu B, Yan W, Zhao X, Wang C, Zhu Q, Zou Y, Xu Y, Gu H. Discovery of highly potent PARP7 inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107469. [PMID: 38781669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PARP7 has been proven to play an important role in immunity. Substantial upregulation of PARP7 is observed in numerous cancerous cell types, consequently resulting in the inhibition of type Ⅰ interferon signaling pathways. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of PARP7 can enhance type Ⅰ interferon signaling to exert an anti-tumor immune response. In this study, we reported the identification of a newly found PARP7 inhibitor (XLY-1) with higher inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.6 nM) than that of RBN-2397 (IC50 = 6.0 nM). Additionally, XYL-1 displayed weak inhibitory activity on PARP1 (IC50 > 1.0 μM). Mechanism studies showed that XYL-1 could enhance the type Ⅰ interferon signaling in vitro. Pharmacodynamic experiments showed that 50 mg/kg XYL-1 could significantly inhibit tumor growth (TGI: 76.5 %) and related experiments showed that XYL-1 could restore type Ⅰ interferon signaling and promote T cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Taken together, XYL-1 shows promise as a potential candidate for developing cancer immunotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenghao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Hongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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10
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Hou S, Zhang J, Jiang X, Yang Y, Shan B, Zhang M, Liu C, Yuan J, Xu D. PARP5A and RNF146 phase separation restrains RIPK1-dependent necroptosis. Mol Cell 2024; 84:938-954.e8. [PMID: 38272024 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Phase separation is a vital mechanism that mediates the formation of biomolecular condensates and their functions. Necroptosis is a lytic form of programmed cell death mediated by RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL downstream of TNFR1 and has been implicated in mediating many human diseases. However, whether necroptosis is regulated by phase separation is not yet known. Here, we show that upon the induction of necroptosis and recruitment by the adaptor protein TAX1BP1, PARP5A and its binding partner RNF146 form liquid-like condensates by multivalent interactions to perform poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) and PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU) of activated RIPK1 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We show that PARdU predominantly occurs on the K376 residue of mouse RIPK1, which promotes proteasomal degradation of kinase-activated RIPK1 to restrain necroptosis. Our data demonstrate that PARdU on K376 of mouse RIPK1 provides an alternative cell death checkpoint mediated by phase separation-dependent control of necroptosis by PARP5A and RNF146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqiao Hou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215031, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuanxin Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bing Shan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junying Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Daichao Xu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai 201210, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Bastos IM, Rebelo S, Silva VLM. A review of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP1) role and its inhibitors bearing pyrazole or indazole core for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116045. [PMID: 38336156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease with a high mortality rate characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells. The hallmarks of cancer evidence the acquired cells characteristics that promote the growth of malignant tumours, including genomic instability and mutations, the ability to evade cellular death and the capacity of sustaining proliferative signalization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is a protein that plays key roles in cellular regulation, namely in DNA damage repair and cell survival. The inhibition of PARP1 promotes cellular death in cells with homologous recombination deficiency, and therefore, the interest in PARP protein has been rising as a target for anticancer therapies. There are already some PARP1 inhibitors approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA), such as Olaparib and Niraparib. The last compound presents in its structure an indazole core. In fact, pyrazoles and indazoles have been raising interest due to their various medicinal properties, namely, anticancer activity. Derivatives of these compounds have been studied as inhibitors of PARP1 and presented promising results. Therefore, this review aims to address the importance of PARP1 in cell regulation and its role in cancer. Moreover, it intends to report a comprehensive literature review of PARP1 inhibitors, containing the pyrazole and indazole scaffolds, published in the last fifteen years, focusing on structure-activity relationship aspects, thus providing important insights for the design of novel and more effective PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M Bastos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sandra Rebelo
- Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vera L M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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12
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Liu Y, Feng W, Wang Y, Wu B. Crosstalk between protein post-translational modifications and phase separation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:110. [PMID: 38347544 PMCID: PMC10860296 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of phase separation is quite common in cells, and it is involved in multiple processes of life activities. However, the current research on the correlation between protein modifications and phase separation and the interference with the tendency of phase separation has some limitations. Here we focus on several post-translational modifications of proteins, including protein phosphorylation modification at multiple sites, methylation modification, acetylation modification, ubiquitination modification, SUMOylation modification, etc., which regulate the formation of phase separation and the stability of phase separation structure through multivalent interactions. This regulatory role is closely related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, viral infections, and other diseases, and also plays essential functions in environmental stress, DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and cell homeostasis of living organisms, which provides an idea to explore the interaction between novel protein post-translational modifications and phase separation. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjuan Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Basic Medical Research Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Mustafa K, Han Y, He D, Wang Y, Niu N, Jose PA, Jiang Y, Kopp JB, Lee H, Qu P. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases inhibition by olaparib attenuates activities of the NLRP3 inflammasome and of NF-κB in THP-1 monocytes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295837. [PMID: 38335214 PMCID: PMC10857571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a protein family that make ADP-ribose modifications on target genes and proteins. PARP family members contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, in which monocytes/macrophages play important roles. PARP inhibition is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms by which PARP inhibition exerts this beneficial effect are not well understood. Here we show that in THP-1 monocytes, inhibition of PARP by olaparib attenuated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced protein expressions of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome components: NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1. Consistent with this effect, olaparib decreased oxLDL-enhanced interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 protein expression. Olaparib also decreased the oxLDL-mediated increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Similar to the effects of the NLRP3 inhibitor, MCC950, olaparib attenuated oxLDL-induced adhesion of monocytes to cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and reduced foam cell formation. Furthermore, olaparib attenuated the oxLDL-mediated activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB through the oxLDL-mediated increase in IκBα phosphorylation and assembly of NF-κB subunits, demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of IκBα with RelA/p50 and RelB/p52 subunits. Moreover, PARP inhibition decreased oxLDL-mediated protein expression of a NF-κB target gene, VCAM1, encoding vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. This finding indicates an important role for NF-κB activity in PARP-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, PARP inhibition by olaparib attenuates NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome activities, lessening monocyte cell adhesion and macrophage foam cell formation. These inhibitory effects of olaparib on NLRP3 activity potentially protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamis Mustafa
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, Jinqiu Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan He
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Department of Physiology/Pharmacology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hewang Lee
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peng Qu
- Institute of Heart and Vessel Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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14
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Longoria O, Beije N, de Bono JS. PARP inhibitors for prostate cancer. Semin Oncol 2024; 51:25-35. [PMID: 37783649 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have transformed the treatment landscape for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and alterations in DNA damage response genes. This has also led to widespread use of genomic testing in all patients with mCRPC. The current review will give an overview of (1) the current understanding of the interplay between DNA damage response and PARP enzymes; (2) the clinical landscape of PARP inhibitors, including the combination of PARP inhibitors with other agents such as androgen-receptor signaling agents; (3) biomarkers related to PARP inhibitor response and resistance; and (4) considerations for interpreting genomic testing results and treating patients with PARP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossian Longoria
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Beije
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom.
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15
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Zhang Z, Rondon-Cordero HM, Das C. Crystal structure of bacterial ubiquitin ADP-ribosyltransferase CteC reveals a substrate-recruiting insertion. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105604. [PMID: 38159861 PMCID: PMC10810742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in regulation of diverse cellular pathways. Interestingly, many pathogens have been identified to utilize ADP-ribosylation as a way for host manipulation. A recent study found that CteC, an effector from the bacterial pathogen Chromobacterium violaceum, hinders host ubiquitin (Ub) signaling pathways via installing mono-ADP-ribosylation on threonine 66 of Ub. However, the molecular basis of substrate recognition by CteC is not well understood. In this article, we probed the substrate specificity of this effector at protein and residue levels. We also determined the crystal structure of CteC in complex with NAD+, which revealed a canonical mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase fold with an additional insertion domain. The AlphaFold-predicted model differed significantly from the experimentally determined structure, even in regions not used in crystal packing. Biochemical and biophysical studies indicated unique features of the NAD+ binding pocket, while showing selectivity distinction between Ub and structurally close Ub-like modifiers and the role of the insertion domain in substrate recognition. Together, this study provides insights into the enzymatic specificities and the key structural features of a novel bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Chittaranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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16
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Wang Q, Zhang M, Li A, Yao X, Chen Y. Unraveling the allosteric inhibition mechanism of PARP-1 CAT and the D766/770A mutation effects via Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics and Markov state model. Comput Biol Med 2024; 168:107682. [PMID: 38000246 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PARP-1 (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1) is a nuclear enzyme and plays a key role in many cellular functions, such as DNA repair, modulation of chromatin structure, and recombination. Developing the PARP-1 inhibitors has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for a growing list of cancers. The catalytic structural domain (CAT) of PARP-1 upon binding the inhibitor allosterically regulates the conformational changes of helix domain (HD), affecting its identification with the damaged DNA. The typical type I (EB47) and III (veliparib) inhibitors were able to lengthening or shortening the retention time of this enzyme on DNA damage and thus regulating the cytotoxicity. Nonetheless, the basis underlying allosteric inhibition is unclear, which limits the development of novel PARP-1 inhibitors. Here, to investigate the distinct allosteric changes of EB47 and veliparib against PARP-1 CAT, each complex was simulated via classical and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (cMD and GaMD). To study the reverse allosteric basis and mutation effects, the complexes PARP-1 with UKTT15 and PARP-1 D766/770A mutant with EB47 were also simulated. Importantly, the markov state models were built to identify the transition pathways of crucial substates of allosteric communication and the induction basis of PARP-1 reverse allostery. The conformational change differences of PARP-1 CAT regulated by allosteric inhibitors were concerned with to their interaction at the active site. Energy calculations suggested the energy advantage of EB47 in inhibiting the wild-type PARP-1, compared with D766/770A PARP-1. Secondary structure results showed the change of two key loops (αB-αD and αE-αF) in different systems. This work reported the basis of PARP-1 allostery from both thermodynamic and kinetic views, providing the guidance for the discovery and design of more innovative PARP-1 allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China.
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Aohan Li
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, 999078, China
| | - Yingqing Chen
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China.
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17
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Papatheodorou P, Minton NP, Aktories K, Barth H. An Updated View on the Cellular Uptake and Mode-of-Action of Clostridioides difficile Toxins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1435:219-247. [PMID: 38175478 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42108-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Research on the human gut pathogen Clostridioides (C.) difficile and its toxins continues to attract much attention as a consequence of the threat to human health posed by hypervirulent strains. Toxin A (TcdA) and Toxin B (TcdB) are the two major virulence determinants of C. difficile. Both are single-chain proteins with a similar multidomain architecture. Certain hypervirulent C. difficile strains also produce a third toxin, namely binary toxin CDT (C. difficile transferase). C. difficile toxins are the causative agents of C. difficile-associated diseases (CDADs), such as antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. For that reason, considerable efforts have been expended to unravel their molecular mode-of-action and the cellular mechanisms responsible for their uptake. Many of these studies have been conducted in European laboratories. Here, we provide an update on our previous review (Papatheodorou et al. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018) on important advances in C. difficile toxins research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papatheodorou
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Nigel P Minton
- BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacology of Natural Products, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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18
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Ding X, Zhu C, Wang W, Li M, Ma C, Gao B. SIRT1 is a regulator of autophagy: Implications for the progression and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:106957. [PMID: 37820856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
SIRT1 is a highly conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylase. It is involved in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes, including cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Therapeutic activation of SIRT1 protects the heart and cardiomyocytes from pathology-related stress, particularly myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Autophagy is an important metabolic pathway for cell survival during energy or nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, or oxidative stress. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in myocardial I/R injury. The activation of autophagy during the ischemic phase removes excess metabolic waste and helps ensure cardiomyocyte survival, whereas excessive autophagy during reperfusion depletes the cellular components and leads to autophagic cell death. Increasing research on I/R injury has indicated that SIRT1 is involved in the process of autophagy and regulates myocardial I/R. SIRT1 regulates autophagy through various pathways, such as the deacetylation of FOXOs, ATGs, and LC3. Recent studies have confirmed that SIRT1-mediated autophagy plays different roles at different stages of myocardial I/R injury. By targeting the mechanism of SIRT1-mediated autophagy at different stages of I/R injury, new small-molecule drugs, miRNA activators, or blockers can be developed. For example, resveratrol, sevoflurane, quercetin, and melatonin in the ischemic stage, coptisine, curcumin, berberine, and some miRNAs during reperfusion, were involved in regulating the SIRT1-autophagy axis, exerting a cardioprotective effect. Here, we summarize the possible mechanisms of autophagy regulation by SIRT1 in myocardial I/R injury and the related molecular drug applications to identify strategies for treating myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Ding
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Mengying Li
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chunwei Ma
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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19
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Cardoso D, Barthélémy I, Blot S, Muchir A. Replenishing NAD + content reduces aspects of striated muscle disease in a dog model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Skelet Muscle 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 38044436 PMCID: PMC10694913 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-023-00328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in DMD gene and loss of the protein dystrophin, which ultimately leads to myofiber membrane fragility and necrosis, with eventual muscle atrophy and contractures. Affected boys typically die in their second or third decade due to either respiratory failure or cardiomyopathy. Among the developed therapeutic strategies for DMD, gene therapy approaches partially restore micro-dystrophin or quasi-dystrophin expression. However, despite extensive attempts to develop definitive therapies for DMD, the standard of care remains corticosteroid, which has only palliative benefits. Animal models have played a key role in studies of DMD pathogenesis and treatment development. The golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog displays a phenotype aligning with the progressive course of DMD. Therefore, canine studies may translate better to humans. Recent studies suggested that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) cellular content could be a critical determinant for striated muscle function. We showed here that NAD+ content was decreased in the striated muscles of GRMD, leading to an alteration of one of NAD+ co-substrate enzymes, PARP-1. Moreover, we showed that boosting NAD+ content using nicotinamide (NAM), a natural NAD+ precursor, modestly reduces aspects of striated muscle disease. Collectively, our results provide mechanistic insights into DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Déborah Cardoso
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, INSERM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Inès Barthélémy
- "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, U955 IMRB, INSERM, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphane Blot
- "Biology of the Neuromuscular System" Team, U955 IMRB, INSERM, Univ Paris-Est Créteil, 94010, Créteil, France
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, IMRB, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Center of Research in Myology, Institute of Myology, INSERM, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France.
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20
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Yang Y, Mei L, Chen J, Chen X, Wang Z, Liu L, Yang A. Legionella pneumophila-mediated host posttranslational modifications. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad032. [PMID: 37156500 PMCID: PMC10720952 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative bacterium ubiquitously present in freshwater environments and causes a serious type of pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. During infections, L. pneumophila releases over 300 effector proteins into host cells through an Icm/Dot type IV secretion system to manipulate the host defense system for survival within the host. Notably, certain effector proteins mediate posttranslational modifications (PTMs), serving as useful approaches exploited by L. pneumophila to modify host proteins. Some effectors catalyze the addition of host protein PTMs, while others mediate the removal of PTMs from host proteins. In this review, we summarize L. pneumophila effector-mediated PTMs of host proteins, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, AMPylation, phosphocholination, methylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as dephosphorylation, deubiquitination, deAMPylation, deADP-ribosylation, dephosphocholination, and delipidation. We describe their molecular mechanisms and biological functions in the regulation of bacterial growth and Legionella-containing vacuole biosynthesis and in the disruption of host immune and defense machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Ligang Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhuolin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Aimin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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21
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Hu ML, Pan YR, Yong YY, Liu Y, Yu L, Qin DL, Qiao G, Law BYK, Wu JM, Zhou XG, Wu AG. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and neurodegenerative diseases: Past, present, and future. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102078. [PMID: 37758006 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a first responder that recognizes DNA damage and facilitates its repair. Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive neuron loss driven by various risk factors, including DNA damage, have increasingly shed light on the pivotal involvement of PARP1. During the early phases of neurodegenerative diseases, PARP1 experiences controlled activation to swiftly address mild DNA damage, thereby contributing to maintain brain homeostasis. However, in late stages, exacerbated PARP1 activation precipitated by severe DNA damage exacerbates the disease condition. Consequently, inhibition of PARP1 overactivation emerges as a promising therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we comprehensively synthesize and explore the multifaceted role of PARP1 in neurodegenerative diseases, with a particular emphasis on its over-activation in the aggregation of misfolded proteins, dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury. Additionally, we encapsulate the therapeutic applications and limitations intrinsic of PARP1 inhibitors, mainly including limited specificity, intricate pathway dynamics, constrained clinical translation, and the heterogeneity of patient cohorts. We also explore and discuss the potential synergistic implementation of these inhibitors alongside other agents targeting DNA damage cascades within neurodegenerative diseases. Simultaneously, we propose several recommendations for the utilization of PARP1 inhibitors within the realm of neurodegenerative disorders, encompassing factors like the disease-specific roles of PARP1, combinatorial therapeutic strategies, and personalized medical interventions. Lastly, the encompassing review presents a forward-looking perspective along with strategic recommendations that could guide future research endeavors in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ling Hu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yi-Ru Pan
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yong
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gan Qiao
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Betty Yuen-Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Drugability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
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22
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Li Z, Luo A, Xie B. The Complex Network of ADP-Ribosylation and DNA Repair: Emerging Insights and Implications for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15028. [PMID: 37834477 PMCID: PMC10573881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that plays a key role in various cellular processes, including DNA repair. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism and function of ADP-ribosylation in DNA repair. ADP-ribosylation can regulate the recruitment and activity of DNA repair proteins by facilitating protein-protein interactions and regulating protein conformations. Moreover, ADP-ribosylation can influence additional post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins involved in DNA repair, such as ubiquitination, methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and SUMOylation. The interaction between ADP-ribosylation and these additional PTMs can fine-tune the activity of DNA repair proteins and ensure the proper execution of the DNA repair process. In addition, PARP inhibitors have been developed as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy by exploiting the dependence of certain cancer types on the PARP-mediated DNA repair pathway. In this paper, we review the progress of ADP-ribosylation in DNA repair, discuss the crosstalk of ADP-ribosylation with additional PTMs in DNA repair, and summarize the progress of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aiqin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingteng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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23
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Elkatary RG, El Beltagy HM, Abdo VB, El Fatah DSA, El-Karef A, Ashour RH. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase pathway inhibitor (Olaparib) upregulates SERCA2a expression and attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 103:104261. [PMID: 37689219 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin is dose-dependent. The present study tested the potential cardioprotective effect of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) pathway inhibitor "olaparib" in a mouse model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DOX-CM). Seventy-two male BALB/c mice were randomized into six equal groups; control, DOX-CM, dexrazoxane-treated, and three olaparib-treated groups (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day). Cardiomyopathy was assessed by heart weight/Tibial length (HW/TL) ratio, cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and electron microscope. Myocardial expression of SERCA2a mRNA and cleaved PARP-1 protein were also assessed. Similar to dexrazoxane, olaparib (10 mg/kg/day) significantly ameliorated oxidative stress, and preserved cardiac structure. It also suppressed myocardial PARP-1 protein expression and boosted SERCA2a mRNA expression. Olaparib (5 or 50 mg/kg/day) failed to show comparable effects. The current study detected the cardioprotective effect of olaparib at a dosage of 10 mg/kg/day. Also, the present study discovered a new cardioprotective mechanism of dexrazoxane by targeting PARP-1 in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Gamal Elkatary
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | | | - Vivian Boshra Abdo
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry Abd El Fatah
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amr El-Karef
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Rehab Hamdy Ashour
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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24
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Kerr CM, Parthasarathy S, Schwarting N, O'Connor JJ, Pfannenstiel JJ, Giri E, More S, Orozco RC, Fehr AR. PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. J Virol 2023; 97:e0088523. [PMID: 37695054 PMCID: PMC10537751 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00885-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to protein or nucleic acid substrates. This modification can be removed by several different types of proteins, including macrodomains. Several ARTs, also known as PARPs, are stimulated by interferon indicating ADP-ribosylation is an important aspect of the innate immune response. All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that is critical for CoVs to replicate and cause disease, indicating that ADP-ribosylation can effectively control coronavirus infection. Our siRNA screen indicated that PARP12 might inhibit the replication of a murine hepatitis virus (MHV) Mac1 mutant virus in bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). To conclusively demonstrate that PARP12 is a key mediator of the antiviral response to CoVs both in cell culture and in vivo, we produced PARP12-/-mice and tested the ability of MHV A59 (hepatotropic/neurotropic) and JHM (neurotropic) Mac1 mutant viruses to replicate and cause disease in these mice. Notably, in the absence of PARP12, Mac1 mutant replication was increased in BMDMs and mice. In addition, liver pathology was also increased in A59-infected mice. However, the PARP12 knockout did not restore Mac1 mutant virus replication to WT virus levels in all cell or tissue types and did not significantly increase the lethality of Mac1 mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that while PARP12 inhibits MHV Mac1 mutant virus infection, additional PARPs or innate immune factors must contribute to the extreme attenuation of this virus in mice. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the importance of ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), also known as PARPs, in the antiviral response has gained increased significance as several were shown to either restrict virus replication or impact innate immune responses. However, there are few studies showing ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication or pathogenesis in animal models. We found that the CoV macrodomain (Mac1) was required to prevent ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication in cell culture. Using knockout mice, we found that PARP12, an interferon-stimulated ART, was required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant CoV both in cell culture and in mice, demonstrating that PARP12 represses coronavirus replication. However, the deletion of PARP12 did not fully rescue Mac1 mutant virus replication or pathogenesis, indicating that multiple PARPs function to counter coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Nancy Schwarting
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph J. O'Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Emily Giri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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25
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Desingu PA, Mishra S, Dindi L, Srinivasan S, Rajmani RS, Ravi V, Tamta AK, Raghu S, Murugasamy K, Pandit AS, Sundaresan NR. PARP1 inhibition protects mice against Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113103. [PMID: 37676769 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in children. Although vaccines have been developed against the JE virus (JEV), no effective antiviral therapy exists. Our study shows that inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), an NAD+-dependent (poly-ADP) ribosyl transferase, protects against JEV infection. Interestingly, PARP1 is critical for JEV pathogenesis in Neuro-2a cells and mice. Small molecular inhibitors of PARP1, olaparib, and 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) significantly reduce clinical signs and viral load in the serum and brains of mice and improve survival. PARP1 inhibition confers protection against JEV infection by inhibiting autophagy. Mechanistically, upon JEV infection, PARP1 PARylates AKT and negatively affects its phosphorylation. In addition, PARP1 transcriptionally upregulates PTEN, the PIP3 phosphatase, negatively regulating AKT. PARP1-mediated AKT inactivation promotes autophagy and JEV pathogenesis by increasing the FoxO activity. Thus, our findings demonstrate PARP1 as a potential mediator of JEV pathogenesis that can be effectively targeted for treating JE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Arumugam Desingu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Lavanya Dindi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Shalini Srinivasan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Venkatraman Ravi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Tamta
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Sukanya Raghu
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Krishnega Murugasamy
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Anwit Shriniwas Pandit
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Nagalingam R Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
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26
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Güldenpfennig A, Hopp AK, Muskalla L, Manetsch P, Raith F, Hellweg L, Dördelmann C, Leslie Pedrioli D, Johnsson K, Superti-Furga G, Hottiger M. Absence of mitochondrial SLC25A51 enhances PARP1-dependent DNA repair by increasing nuclear NAD+ levels. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9248-9265. [PMID: 37587695 PMCID: PMC10516648 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Though the effect of the recently identified mitochondrial NAD+ transporter SLC25A51 on glucose metabolism has been described, its contribution to other NAD+-dependent processes throughout the cell such as ADP-ribosylation remains elusive. Here, we report that absence of SLC25A51 leads to increased NAD+ concentration not only in the cytoplasm and but also in the nucleus. The increase is not associated with upregulation of the salvage pathway, implying an accumulation of constitutively synthesized NAD+ in the cytoplasm and nucleus. This results in an increase of PARP1-mediated nuclear ADP-ribosylation, as well as faster repair of DNA lesions induced by different single-strand DNA damaging agents. Lastly, absence of SLC25A51 reduces both MMS/Olaparib induced PARP1 chromatin retention and the sensitivity of different breast cancer cells to PARP1 inhibition. Together these results provide evidence that SLC25A51 might be a novel target to improve PARP1 inhibitor based therapies by changing subcellular NAD+ redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka Güldenpfennig
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ann-Katrin Hopp
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Science, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Muskalla
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manetsch
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Molecular Life Science Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Raith
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lars Hellweg
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cyril Dördelmann
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research (IMCR), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deena M Leslie Pedrioli
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Science, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease (DMMD), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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27
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Beneyton A, Nonfoux L, Gagné JP, Rodrigue A, Kothari C, Atalay N, Hendzel M, Poirier G, Masson JY. The dynamic process of covalent and non-covalent PARylation in the maintenance of genome integrity: a focus on PARP inhibitors. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad043. [PMID: 37609662 PMCID: PMC10440794 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosylation) (PARylation) by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) is a highly regulated process that consists of the covalent addition of polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) through post-translational modifications of substrate proteins or non-covalent interactions with PAR via PAR binding domains and motifs, thereby reprogramming their functions. This modification is particularly known for its central role in the maintenance of genomic stability. However, how genomic integrity is controlled by an intricate interplay of covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding remains largely unknown. Of importance, PARylation has caught recent attention for providing a mechanistic basis of synthetic lethality involving PARP inhibitors (PARPi), most notably in homologous recombination (HR)-deficient breast and ovarian tumors. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-cancer effect of PARPi are thought to implicate both catalytic inhibition and trapping of PARP enzymes on DNA. However, the relative contribution of each on tumor-specific cytotoxicity is still unclear. It is paramount to understand these PAR-dependent mechanisms, given that resistance to PARPi is a challenge in the clinic. Deciphering the complex interplay between covalent PARylation and non-covalent PAR binding and defining how PARP trapping and non-trapping events contribute to PARPi anti-tumour activity is essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies. With this perspective, we review the current understanding of PARylation biology in the context of the DNA damage response (DDR) and the mechanisms underlying PARPi activity and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Beneyton
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Louis Nonfoux
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Amélie Rodrigue
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charu Kothari
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nurgul Atalay
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
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28
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Suskiewicz MJ, Munnur D, Strømland Ø, Yang JC, Easton L, Chatrin C, Zhu K, Baretić D, Goffinont S, Schuller M, Wu WF, Elkins J, Ahel D, Sanyal S, Neuhaus D, Ahel I. Updated protein domain annotation of the PARP protein family sheds new light on biological function. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:8217-8236. [PMID: 37326024 PMCID: PMC10450202 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AlphaFold2 and related computational tools have greatly aided studies of structural biology through their ability to accurately predict protein structures. In the present work, we explored AF2 structural models of the 17 canonical members of the human PARP protein family and supplemented this analysis with new experiments and an overview of recent published data. PARP proteins are typically involved in the modification of proteins and nucleic acids through mono or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, but this function can be modulated by the presence of various auxiliary protein domains. Our analysis provides a comprehensive view of the structured domains and long intrinsically disordered regions within human PARPs, offering a revised basis for understanding the function of these proteins. Among other functional insights, the study provides a model of PARP1 domain dynamics in the DNA-free and DNA-bound states and enhances the connection between ADP-ribosylation and RNA biology and between ADP-ribosylation and ubiquitin-like modifications by predicting putative RNA-binding domains and E2-related RWD domains in certain PARPs. In line with the bioinformatic analysis, we demonstrate for the first time PARP14's RNA-binding capability and RNA ADP-ribosylation activity in vitro. While our insights align with existing experimental data and are probably accurate, they need further validation through experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Øyvind Strømland
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ji-Chun Yang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Laura E Easton
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Chatrin Chatrin
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Domagoj Baretić
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Wing-Fung Wu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David Neuhaus
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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29
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Javed Z, Nguyen HH, Harker KK, Mohr CM, Vano P, Wallace SR, Silvers C, Sim C, Turumella S, Flinn A, Moritz A, Carter-O’Connell I. Using TLC-MALDI-TOF to Interrogate In Vitro Peptidyl Proximal Preferences of PARP14 and Glycohydrolase Specificity. Molecules 2023; 28:6061. [PMID: 37630315 PMCID: PMC10459978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of ADP-ribose (ADPr) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to target proteins is mediated by a class of human diphtheria toxin-like ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTDs; previously referred to as poly-ADP-ribose polymerases or PARPs) and the removal of ADPr is catalyzed by a family of glycohydrolases. Although thousands of potential ADPr modification sites have been identified using high-throughput mass-spectrometry, relatively little is known about the sequence specificity encoded near the modification site. Herein, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method that facilitates the in vitro analysis of proximal factors that guide ARTD target selection. We identify a minimal 5-mer peptide sequence that is necessary and sufficient to drive glutamate/aspartate targeting using PARP14 while highlighting the importance of the adjacent residues in PARP14 targeting. We measure the stability of the resultant ester bond and show that non-enzymatic removal is pH and temperature dependent, sequence independent, and occurs within hours. Finally, we use the ADPr-peptides to highlight differential activities within the glycohydrolase family and their sequence preferences. Our results highlight (1) the utility of MALDI-TOF in analyzing proximal ARTD-substrate interactions and (2) the importance of peptide sequences in governing ADPr transfer and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Carter-O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA (C.M.M.); (P.V.)
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30
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Yang X, Wang J, Li S, Li X, Gong J, Yan Z, Zhou H, Wu C, Liu X. Structural and biochemical insights into the molecular mechanism of TRPT1 for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:7649-7665. [PMID: 37334830 PMCID: PMC10415124 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation has been established as a novel modification found in a wide diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase 1 (TRPT1/TPT1/KptA) possesses ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) activity and is able to ADP-ribosylate nucleic acids. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we determined crystal structures of TRPT1s in complex with NAD+ from Homo sapiens, Mus musculus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our results revealed that the eukaryotic TRPT1s adopt common mechanisms for both NAD+ and nucleic acid substrate binding. The conserved SGR motif induces a significant conformational change in the donor loop upon NAD+ binding to facilitate the catalytic reaction of ART. Moreover, the nucleic acid-binding residue redundancy provides structural flexibility to accommodate different nucleic acid substrates. Mutational assays revealed that TRPT1s employ different catalytic and nucleic acid-binding residues to perform nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation and RNA 2'-phosphotransferase activities. Finally, cellular assays revealed that the mammalian TRPT1 is able to promote endocervical HeLa cell survival and proliferation. Together, our results provide structural and biochemical insights into the molecular mechanism of TRPT1 for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Simin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Jingjing Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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31
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Madern J, Voorneveld J, Rack JGM, Kistemaker HAV, Ahel I, van der Marel GA, Codée JDC, Filippov DV. 4-Thioribose Analogues of Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose (ADPr) Peptides. Org Lett 2023; 25:4980-4984. [PMID: 37338412 PMCID: PMC10353035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) that plays a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. To study the enzymes responsible for the establishment, recognition, and removal of this PTM, stable analogues are invaluable tools. We describe the design and synthesis of a 4-thioribosyl APRr peptide that has been assembled by solid phase synthesis. The key 4-thioribosyl serine building block was obtained in a stereoselective glycosylation reaction using an alkynylbenzoate 4-thioribosyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerre
M. Madern
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jim Voorneveld
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. M. Rack
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Hans A. V. Kistemaker
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir
William Dunn School of Pathology, University
of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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32
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Park JS, Perl A. Endosome Traffic Modulates Pro-Inflammatory Signal Transduction in CD4 + T Cells-Implications for the Pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10749. [PMID: 37445926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling regulates the cell surface receptor composition of the plasma membrane. The surface expression levels of the T cell receptor (TCR), in concert with signal transducing co-receptors, regulate T cell responses, such as proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. Altered TCR expression contributes to pro-inflammatory skewing, which is a hallmark of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), defined by a reduced function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and the expansion of CD4+ helper T (Th) cells. The ensuing secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23, trigger autoantibody production and tissue infiltration by cells of the adaptive and innate immune system that induce organ damage. Endocytic recycling influences immunological synapse formation by CD4+ T lymphocytes, signal transduction from crosslinked surface receptors through recruitment of adaptor molecules, intracellular traffic of organelles, and the generation of metabolites to support growth, cytokine production, and epigenetic control of DNA replication and gene expression in the cell nucleus. This review will delineate checkpoints of endosome traffic that can be targeted for therapeutic interventions in autoimmune and other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy S Park
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Andras Perl
- Department of Medicine, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norton College of Medicine, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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33
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Kerr CM, Parthasarathy S, Schwarting N, O’Connor JJ, Giri E, More S, Orozco RC, Fehr AR. PARP12 is required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant coronavirus in a cell and tissue specific manner. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545351. [PMID: 37398292 PMCID: PMC10312760 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) mediate the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD + to protein or nucleic acid substrates. This modification can be removed by several different types of proteins, including macrodomains. Several ARTs, also known as PARPs, are stimulated by interferon, indicating ADP-ribosylation is an important aspect of the innate immune response. All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that is critical for CoVs to replicate and cause disease, indicating that ADP-ribosylation can effectively control coronavirus infection. Our siRNA screen indicated that PARP12 might inhibit the replication of a MHV Mac1 mutant virus in bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). To conclusively demonstrate that PARP12 is a key mediator of the antiviral response to CoVs both in cell culture and in vivo , we produced PARP12 -/- mice and tested the ability of MHV A59 (hepatotropic/neurotropic) and JHM (neurotropic) Mac1 mutant viruses to replicate and cause disease in these mice. Notably, in the absence of PARP12, Mac1 mutant replication was increased in BMDMs and in mice. In addition, liver pathology was also increased in A59 infected mice. However, the PARP12 knockout did not restore Mac1 mutant virus replication to WT virus levels in all cell or tissue types and did not significantly increase the lethality of Mac1 mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that while PARP12 inhibits MHV Mac1 mutant virus infection, additional PARPs or innate immune factors must contribute to the extreme attenuation of this virus in mice. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the importance of ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), also known as PARPs, in the antiviral response has gained increased significance as several were shown to either restrict virus replication or impact innate immune responses. However, there are few studies showing ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication or pathogenesis in animal models. We found that the CoV macrodomain (Mac1) was required to prevent ART-mediated inhibition of virus replication in cell culture. Here, using knockout mice, we found that PARP12, an interferon-stimulated ART, was required to repress the replication of a Mac1 mutant CoV both in cell culture and in mice, demonstrating that PARP12 represses coronavirus replication. However, the deletion of PARP12 did not fully rescue Mac1 mutant virus replication or pathogenesis, indicating that multiple PARPs function to counter coronavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Kerr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | | | - Nancy Schwarting
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Joseph J. O’Connor
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Emily Giri
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Sunil More
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Oklahoma 74048, USA
| | - Robin C. Orozco
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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34
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Kumar R, Mehta D, Nayak D, Sunil S. Characterization of an Aedes ADP-Ribosylation Protein Domain and Role of Post-Translational Modification during Chikungunya Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050718. [PMID: 37242388 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze ADP-ribosylation, a subclass of post-translational modification (PTM). Mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) moieties bind to target molecules such as proteins and nucleic acids, and are added as part of the process which also leads to formation of polymer chains of ADP-ribose. ADP-ribosylation is reversible; its removal is carried out by ribosyl hydrolases such as PARG (poly ADP-ribose glycohydrolase), TARG (terminal ADP-ribose protein glycohydrolase), macrodomain, etc. In this study, the catalytic domain of Aedes aegypti tankyrase was expressed in bacteria and purified. The tankyrase PARP catalytic domain was found to be enzymatically active, as demonstrated by an in vitro poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) experiment. Using in vitro ADP-ribosylation assay, we further demonstrate that the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) nsp3 (non-structural protein 3) macrodomain inhibits ADP-ribosylation in a time-dependent way. We have also demonstrated that transfection of the CHIKV nsP3 macrodomain increases the CHIKV viral titer in mosquito cells, suggesting that ADP-ribosylation may play a significant role in viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453252, India
| | - Divya Mehta
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453252, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
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35
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Bianchi AR, La Pietra A, Guerretti V, De Maio A, Capriello T, Ferrandino I. Synthesis and Degradation of Poly(ADP-ribose) in Zebrafish Brain Exposed to Aluminum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108766. [PMID: 37240112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADPribosyl)ation is a post-translational protein modification, catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs) enzymes, responsible for ADP-ribose polymer synthesis (PAR) from NAD+. PAR turnover is assured by poly(ADPR) glycohydrolase (PARGs) enzymes. In our previous study, the altered histology of zebrafish brain tissue, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration also with poly(ADPribosyl)ation hyperactivation, was demonstrated after aluminum (Al) exposure for 10 and 15 days. On the basis of this evidence, the aim of the present research was to study the synthesis and degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) in the brain of adult zebrafish exposed to 11 mg/L of Al for 10, 15, and 20 days. For this reason, PARP and PARG expression analyses were carried out, and ADPR polymers were synthesized and digested. The data showed the presence of different PARP isoforms, among which a human PARP1 counterpart was also expressed. Moreover, the highest PARP and PARG activity levels, responsible for the PAR production and its degradation, respectively, were measured after 10 and 15 days of exposure. We suppose that PARP activation is related to DNA damage induced by Al, while PARG activation is needed to avoid PAR accumulation, which is known to inhibit PARP and promote parthanatos. On the contrary, PARP activity decrease at longer exposure times suggests that neuronal cells could adopt the stratagem of reducing polymer synthesis to avoid energy expenditure and allow cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Bianchi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra La Pietra
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Guerretti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna De Maio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Capriello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
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36
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Jin J, Yuan Y, Xian W, Tang Z, Fu J, Liu X. The ever-increasing necessity of mass spectrometry in dissecting protein post-translational modifications catalyzed by bacterial effectors. Mol Microbiol 2023. [PMID: 37127430 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation, regulate multiple fundamental biological processes in cells. During bacterial infection, effector proteins are delivered into host cells through dedicated bacterial secretion systems and can modulate important cellular pathways by covalently modifying their host targets. These strategies enable intruding bacteria to subvert various host processes, thereby promoting their own survival and proliferation. Despite rapid expansion of our understanding of effector-mediated PTMs in host cells, analytical measurements of these molecular events still pose significant challenges in the study of host-pathogen interactions. Nevertheless, with major technical breakthroughs in the last two decades, mass spectrometry (MS) has evolved to be a valuable tool for detecting protein PTMs and mapping modification sites. Additionally, large-scale PTM profiling, facilitated by different enrichment strategies prior to MS analysis, allows high-throughput screening of host enzymatic substrates of bacterial effectors. In this review, we summarize the advances in the studies of two representative PTMs (i.e., ADP-ribosylation and phosphorylation) catalyzed by bacterial effectors during infection. Importantly, we will discuss the ever-increasing role of MS in understanding these molecular events and how the latest MS-based tools can aid in future studies of this booming area of pathogenic bacteria-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiheng Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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37
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Podyacheva E, Toropova Y. The Role of NAD+, SIRTs Interactions in Stimulating and Counteracting Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097925. [PMID: 37175631 PMCID: PMC10178434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization has identified oncological diseases as one of the most serious health concerns of the current century. Current research on oncogenesis is focused on the molecular mechanisms of energy-biochemical reprogramming in cancer cell metabolism, including processes contributing to the Warburg effect and the pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic roles of sirtuins (SIRTs) and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). However, a clear understanding of the interaction between NAD+, SIRTs in cancer development, as well as their effects on carcinogenesis, has not been established, and literature data vary greatly. This work aims to provide a summary and structure of the available information on NAD+, SIRTs interactions in both stimulating and countering carcinogenesis, and to discuss potential approaches for pharmacological modulation of these interactions to achieve an anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Podyacheva
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yana Toropova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197341 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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38
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Yan Q, Ding J, Khan SJ, Lawton LN, Shipp MA. DTX3L E3 ligase targets p53 for degradation at poly ADP-ribose polymerase-associated DNA damage sites. iScience 2023; 26:106444. [PMID: 37096048 PMCID: PMC10122052 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 is a master transcriptional regulator and effector of the DNA damage response (DDR) that localizes to DNA damage sites, in part, via an interaction with PARP1. However, the mechanisms that regulate p53 abundance and activity at PARP1-decorated DNA damage sites remain undefined. The PARP9 (BAL1) macrodomain-containing protein and its partner DTX3L (BBAP) E3 ligase are rapidly recruited to PARP1-PARylated DNA damage sites. During an initial DDR, we found that DTX3L rapidly colocalized with p53, polyubiquitylated its lysine-rich C-terminal domain, and targeted p53 for proteasomal degradation. DTX3L knockout significantly increased and prolonged p53 retention at PARP-decorated DNA damage sites. These findings reveal a non-redundant, PARP- and PARylation-dependent role for DTX3L in the spatiotemporal regulation of p53 during an initial DDR. Our studies suggest that targeted inhibition of DTX3L may augment the efficacy of certain DNA-damaging agents by increasing p53 abundance and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyi Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sumbul Jawed Khan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lee N. Lawton
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Margaret A. Shipp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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39
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Javed Z, Nguyen HH, Harker K, Mohr CM, Vano P, Wallace SR, Silvers C, Sim C, Turumella S, Flinn A, Carter-O’Connell I. Identification of a Novel PARP14 Site Motif and Glycohydrolase Specificity Using TLC-MALDI-TOF. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533863. [PMID: 36993563 PMCID: PMC10055325 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Transfer of ADP-ribose (ADPr) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to target proteins is mediated by a class of human poly-ADP-ribose polymerases, PARPs, and removal of ADPr is catalyzed by a family of glycohydrolases. Although thousands of potential ADPr modification sites have been identified using high-throughput mass-spectrometry, relatively little is known about sequence specificity encoded near the modification site. Herein, we present a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) method that facilitates the discovery and validation of ADPr site motifs. We identify a minimal 5-mer peptide sequence that is sufficient to drive PARP14 specific activity while highlighting the importance of the adjacent residues in PARP14 targeting. We measure the stability of the resultant ester bond and show that non-enzymatic removal is sequence independent and occurs within hours. Finally, we use the ADPr-peptide to highlight differential activities within the glycohydrolase family and their sequence specificities. Our results highlight: 1) the utility of MALDI-TOF in motif discovery and 2) the importance of peptide sequence in governing ADPr transfer and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Hannah H. Nguyen
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Kiana Harker
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Christian M. Mohr
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Pia Vano
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Sean R. Wallace
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Clarissa Silvers
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Colin Sim
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Soumya Turumella
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Ally Flinn
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
| | - Ian Carter-O’Connell
- Santa Clara University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Santa Clara, California, 95053, United States
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40
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IFN-Induced PARPs—Sensors of Foreign Nucleic Acids? Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12030457. [PMID: 36986379 PMCID: PMC10057411 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have developed different strategies to cope with viral infections. Key to initiating a defense response against viruses is the ability to distinguish foreign molecules from their own. One central mechanism is the perception of foreign nucleic acids by host proteins which, in turn, initiate an efficient immune response. Nucleic acid sensing pattern recognition receptors have evolved, each targeting specific features to discriminate viral from host RNA. These are complemented by several RNA-binding proteins that assist in sensing of foreign RNAs. There is increasing evidence that the interferon-inducible ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs; PARP9—PARP15) contribute to immune defense and attenuation of viruses. However, their activation, subsequent targets, and precise mechanisms of interference with viruses and their propagation are still largely unknown. Best known for its antiviral activities and its role as RNA sensor is PARP13. In addition, PARP9 has been recently described as sensor for viral RNA. Here we will discuss recent findings suggesting that some PARPs function in antiviral innate immunity. We expand on these findings and integrate this information into a concept that outlines how the different PARPs might function as sensors of foreign RNA. We speculate about possible consequences of RNA binding with regard to the catalytic activities of PARPs, substrate specificity and signaling, which together result in antiviral activities.
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Hou Y, Zeng H, Li Z, Feng N, Meng F, Xu Y, Li L, Shao F, Ding J. Structural mechanisms of calmodulin activation of Shigella effector OspC3 to ADP-riboxanate caspase-4/11 and block pyroptosis. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:261-272. [PMID: 36624349 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The caspase-4/11-GSDMD pyroptosis axis recognizes cytosolic lipopolysaccharide for antibacterial defenses. Shigella flexneri employs an OspC3 effector to block pyroptosis by catalyzing NAD+-dependent arginine ADP-riboxanation of caspase-4/11. Here, we identify Ca2+-free calmodulin (CaM) that binds and stimulates OspC3 ADP-riboxanase activity. Crystal structures of OspC3-CaM and OspC3-caspase-4 binary complexes reveal unique CaM binding to an OspC3 N-terminal domain featuring an ADP-ribosyltransferase-like fold and specific recognition of caspase-4 by an OspC3 ankryin repeat domain, respectively. CaM-OspC3-caspase-4 ternary complex structures show that NAD+ binding reorganizes the catalytic pocket, in which D231 and D177 activate the substrate arginine for initial ADP-ribosylation and ribosyl 2'-OH in the ADP-ribosylated arginine, respectively, for subsequent deamination. We also determine structures of unmodified and OspC3-ADP-riboxanated caspase-4. Mechanisms derived from this series of structures covering the entire process of OspC3 action are supported by biochemical analyses in vitro and functional validation in S. flexneri-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Hou
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Zeng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zilin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Pyroptosis and Immunity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Feng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Pyroptosis and Immunity, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingjin Ding
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China.
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Mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP10 inhibits Chikungunya virus nsP2 proteolytic activity and viral replication. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:72. [PMID: 36840772 PMCID: PMC9959937 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Replication of viruses requires interaction with host cell factors and repression of innate immunity. Recent findings suggest that a subset of intracellular mono-ADP-ribosylating PARPs, which are induced by type I interferons, possess antiviral activity. Moreover, certain RNA viruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), encode mono-ADP-ribosylhydrolases. Together, this suggests a role for mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) in host-virus conflicts, but the relevant substrates have not been identified. We addressed which PARP restricts CHIKV replication and identified PARP10 and PARP12. For PARP10, this restriction was dependent on catalytic activity. Replication requires processing of the non-structural polyprotein nsP1-4 by the protease located in nsP2 and the assembly of the four individual nsP1-nsP4 into a functional replication complex. PARP10 and PARP12 inhibited the production of nsP3, indicating a defect in polyprotein processing. The nsP3 protein encodes a macrodomain with de-MARylation activity, which is essential for replication. In support for MARylation affecting polyprotein processing, de-MARylation defective CHIKV replicons revealed reduced production of nsP2 and nsP3. We hypothesized that MARylation regulates the proteolytic function of nsP2. Indeed, we found that nsP2 is MARylated by PARP10 and, as a consequence, its proteolytic activity was inhibited. NsP3-dependent de-MARylation reactivated the protease. Hence, we propose that PARP10-mediated MARylation prevents polyprotein processing and consequently virus replication. Together, our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the role of the viral MAR hydrolase in CHIKV replication.
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Yan F, Fu Z, Li G, Wang Z. In Silico Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of PARP1 Inhibition for the Treatment of BRCA-Deficient Cancers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041829. [PMID: 36838818 PMCID: PMC9961911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein PARP1, which plays a crucial role in DNA repair processes, is an attractive target for cancer therapy, especially for BRCA-deficient cancers. To overcome the acquired drug resistance of PARP1, PARP1 G-quadruplex (G4) identified in the PARP1-promotor region is gaining increasing attention. Aiming to explore the molecular mechanism of PARP1 inhibition with PARP1 G4 and PARP1 as potential targets, a comparative investigation of the binding characteristics of the newly identified G4 stabilizer MTR-106, which showed modest activity against talazoparib-resistant xenograft models and the FDA-approved PARP1 inhibitor (PARPi) talazoparib, were performed through molecular simulations. Combined analyses revealed that, relative to the groove binding of talazoparib, MTR-106 induced the formation of a sandwich framework through stacking with dT1 and the capping G-pair (dG2 and dG14) of PARP1 G4 to present largely enhanced binding affinity. For the binding with PARP1, although both were located in the catalytic pocket of PARP1, MTR-106 formed more extensive interactions with the surrounding PARP1 residues compared to talazoparib, in line with its increased binding strength. Importantly, vdW interaction was recognized as a decisive factor in the bindings with PARP1 G4 and PARP1. Collectively, these findings demonstrated the ascendancy of MTR-106 over talazoparib at the atomic level and revealed that the dual targeting of PARP1 G4 and PARP1 might be pivotal for PARPi that is capable of overcoming acquired drug resistance, providing valuable information for the design and development of novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zhenfu Fu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Guo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center, Hainan Hospital Affiliated to Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Ageing Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Z.W.)
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ADP-Ribosylation in Antiviral Innate Immune Response. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020303. [PMID: 36839575 PMCID: PMC9964302 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). ARTs transfer one or more ADP-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to the target substrate and release the nicotinamide (Nam). Accordingly, it comes in two forms: mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) and poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation). ADP-ribosylation plays important roles in many biological processes, such as DNA damage repair, gene regulation, and energy metabolism. Emerging evidence demonstrates that ADP-ribosylation is implicated in host antiviral immune activity. Here, we summarize and discuss ADP-ribosylation modifications that occur on both host and viral proteins and their roles in host antiviral response.
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The DarT/DarG Toxin-Antitoxin ADP-Ribosylation System as a Novel Target for a Rational Design of Innovative Antimicrobial Strategies. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020240. [PMID: 36839512 PMCID: PMC9967889 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical modification of cellular macromolecules by the transfer of ADP-ribose unit(s), known as ADP-ribosylation, is an ancient homeostatic and stress response control system. Highly conserved across the evolution, ADP-ribosyltransferases and ADP-ribosylhydrolases control ADP-ribosylation signalling and cellular responses. In addition to proteins, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic transferases can covalently link ADP-ribosylation to different conformations of nucleic acids, thus highlighting the evolutionary conservation of archaic stress response mechanisms. Here, we report several structural and functional aspects of DNA ADP-ribosylation modification controlled by the prototype DarT and DarG pair, which show ADP-ribosyltransferase and hydrolase activity, respectively. DarT/DarG is a toxin-antitoxin system conserved in many bacterial pathogens, for example in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which regulates two clinically important processes for human health, namely, growth control and the anti-phage response. The chemical modulation of the DarT/DarG system by selective inhibitors may thus represent an exciting strategy to tackle resistance to current antimicrobial therapies.
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Gu H, Yan W, Wang Y, Xu W, Huang L, Yang J, Zhai B, Wang H, Su Y, Zhu Q, Liu B, Hao H, Zou Y, Xu Y. Discovery of the Potent and Highly Selective PARP7 Inhibitor as a Novel Immunotherapeutic Agent for Tumors. J Med Chem 2023; 66:473-490. [PMID: 36576395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PARP7, a polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase, has been identified as a negative regulator in type I interferon (IFN) signaling. An overexpression of PARP7 is typically found in a wide range of cancers and can lead to the suppression of type I IFN signaling and innate immune response. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound I-1, a novel PARP7 inhibitor with high inhibitory potency (IC50 = 7.6 nM) and selectivity for PARP7 over other PARPs. Especially, I-1 has excellent pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity in mice and exhibits significantly stronger in vivo antitumor potency (TGI: 67%) than RBN-2397 (TGI: 30%) without the addition of 1-aminobenzotriazole (a nonselective and irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome P450) in CT26 syngeneic mouse models. Our findings reveal that I-1 mainly acts as an immune activator through PARP7 inhibition in the tumor microenvironment, which highlights the potential advantages of I-1 as a tumor immunotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfeng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jieping Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bingxin Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yupei Su
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qihua Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Koczor CA, Saville KM, Al-Rahahleh RQ, Andrews JF, Li J, Sobol RW. Quantitative Analysis of Nuclear Poly(ADP-Ribose) Dynamics in Response to Laser-Induced DNA Damage. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2609:43-59. [PMID: 36515828 PMCID: PMC9920208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2891-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), catalyzed by members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family of enzymes, is a posttranslational modification with a critical role in most mechanisms of DNA repair. Upon activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase isoforms 1 and 2 (PARP-1 and PARP-2), the proteins of the base excision repair (BER) and single-strand break repair (SSBR) pathways form DNA lesion-dependent, transient complexes to facilitate repair. PAR is central to the temporal dynamics of BER/SSBR complex assembly and disassembly. To enhance cellular PAR analysis, we developed LivePAR, a fluorescently tagged PAR-binding fusion protein and genetically encoded imaging probe for live cell, quantitative analysis of PAR in mammalian cells. LivePAR has the advantage that it enables real-time imaging of PAR formation in cells and significantly overcomes limitations of immunocytochemistry for PAR analysis. This chapter describes the protocols needed to develop cells expressing LivePAR or EGFP-tagged BER proteins and to evaluate laser-induced formation of PAR and comparison to the assembly of the BER proteins XRCC1 and DNA polymerase-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Koczor
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Kate M Saville
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Rasha Q Al-Rahahleh
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joel F Andrews
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Robert W Sobol
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Zhang J, Gao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Jia W, Xia C, Wang F, Liu T. Multi-therapies Based on PARP Inhibition: Potential Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16099-16127. [PMID: 36512711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases (PARPs) are known to catalyze the process of PARylation, which plays a vital role in various cellular functions. They have become important targets for the discovery of novel antitumor drugs since their inhibition can induce significant lethality in tumor cells. Therefore, researchers all over the world have been focusing on developing novel and potent PARP inhibitors for cancer therapy. Studies have shown that PARP inhibitors and other antitumor agents, such as EZH2 and EGFR inhibitors, play a synergistic role in cancer cells. The combined inhibition of PARP and the targets with synergistic effects may provide a rational strategy to improve the effectiveness of current anticancer regimens. In this Perspective, we sum up the recent advance of PARP-targeted agents, including single-target inhibitors/degraders and dual-target inhibitors/degraders, discuss the fundamental theory of developing these dual-target agents, and give insight into the corresponding structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Yuqi Gao
- College of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Jinbo Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Wenshuang Jia
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Chengcai Xia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Fugang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
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Okunlola FO, Olotu FA, Soliman MES. Unveiling the mechanistic roles of chlorine substituted phthalazinone-based compounds containing chlorophenyl moiety towards the differential inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in the treatment of lung cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10878-10886. [PMID: 34463214 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1951354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PARP-1 has become an attractive target in cancer treatment owing to its significant role in breast and ovarian cancers. The design of highly selective and effective poly (ADP ribose) polymerase-1 inhibitors has significant therapeutic advantages and has remained the core of several PARP-1-based drug discovery research. The pharmacophoric relevance of a chlorine substituent in a recent study led to the design of compounds 11c (meta-chlorophenyl) and 11d (para-chlorophenyl). In this study, we resolved the mechanistic effects of the changes in chlorine positional orientation, which underlie the inhibitory potencies and selectivity exhibited disparately by 11c and 11d. Compared to 11d, among other multiple higher-affinity complementary interactions with key site residues, the meta-Cl positioning in 11c facilitated its optimal motion and orientation towards conserved residues Arg878 and Asp766 with consistent pi-cation and pi-anion interactions, respectively, thereby favoring the stability of the ligand towards PARP-1. These could account for the higher inhibitory potency exhibited by 11c relative to 11d against PARP-1. The thermodynamics calculation revealed that 11c had a relatively higher total binding energy (ΔGbind) than 11d. We also observed that 11d displayed high deviations, compared to 11c, indicative of its unstable binding orientation. Furthermore, we reported in this study that the high involvement of electrostatic and van der Waal effects potentiated the binding affinity and strength of 11c (ΔEvdW = -50.58 and ΔEele = -27.20) relative to 11d (ΔEvdW = -49.46 and ΔEele = -19.96) at PARP-1 binding pocket. We believe the findings in this current study would provide valuable insights into the design of selective PARP-1 inhibitors containing chlorine substituent for cancer treatment, including lung cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix O Okunlola
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fisayo A Olotu
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E S Soliman
- Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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50
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NAD + Metabolism and Interventions in Premature Renal Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010021. [PMID: 36611814 PMCID: PMC9818486 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging causes morphological and functional changes in the kidney, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a global public health issue with far-reaching consequences, including cardio-vascular complications, increased frailty, shortened lifespan and a heightened risk of kidney failure. Dialysis or transplantation are lifesaving therapies, but they can also be debilitating. Currently, no cure is available for CKD, despite ongoing efforts to identify clinical biomarkers of premature renal aging and molecular pathways of disease progression. Kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have high energy demand, and disruption of their energy homeostasis has been linked to the progression of kidney disease. Consequently, metabolic reprogramming of PTECs is gaining interest as a therapeutic tool. Preclinical and clinical evidence is emerging that NAD+ homeostasis, crucial for PTECs' oxidative metabolism, is impaired in CKD, and administration of dietary NAD+ precursors could have a prophylactic role against age-related kidney disease. This review describes the biology of NAD+ in the kidney, including its precursors and cellular roles, and discusses the importance of NAD+ homeostasis for renal health. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies aimed at increasing NAD+ levels in premature renal aging and CKD.
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