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Lebeau G, Hoareau M, Rivière S, El Safadi D, Da Silva CR, Krejbich-Trotot P, Viranaicken W. Cell cycle and mitosis progression during ZIKA virus infection: The viral non-structural protein NS5 as a master regulator of the APC/cyclosome? Biochimie 2024; 221:75-80. [PMID: 38307244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in cell cycle regulation contribute to Zika virus (ZIKV)-associated pathogenesis and may have implications for the development of therapeutic avenues. As a matter of fact, ZIKV alters cell cycle progression at multiple stages, including G1, S, G2, and M phases. During a cell cycle, the progression of mitosis is particularly controlled to avoid any abnormalities in cell division. In this regard, the critical metaphase-anaphase transition is triggered by the activation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by its E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit Cdc20. Cdc20 recognizes substrates by interacting with a destruction box motif (D-box). Recently, the ZIKV nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), one of the most highly conserved flavivirus proteins, has been shown to localize to the centrosome in each pole and to spindle fibers during mitosis. Inducible expression of NS5 reveals an interaction of this viral factor with centrosomal proteins leading to an increase in the time required to complete mitosis. By analyzing the NS5 sequence, we discovered the presence of a D-box. Taken together, these data support the idea that, in addition to its role in viral replication, NS5 plays a critical role in the control of the cell cycle of infected cells and, more specifically, in the regulation of the mitotic spindle. Here we propose that the NS5 protein may interfere with the metaphase-anaphase progression, and thus cause the observed delay in mitosis via the regulation of APC/C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorie Lebeau
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Mathilde Hoareau
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Sébastien Rivière
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Daed El Safadi
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Christine Robert Da Silva
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, 94791, Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97410, Saint-Pierre, France.
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2
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Iglesias-Romero AB, Soto T, Flor-Parra I, Salas-Pino S, Ruiz-Romero G, Gould KL, Cansado J, Daga RR. MAPK-dependent control of mitotic progression in S. pombe. BMC Biol 2024; 22:71. [PMID: 38523261 PMCID: PMC10962199 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) preserve cell homeostasis by transducing physicochemical fluctuations of the environment into multiple adaptive responses. These responses involve transcriptional rewiring and the regulation of cell cycle transitions, among others. However, how stress conditions impinge mitotic progression is largely unknown. The mitotic checkpoint is a surveillance mechanism that inhibits mitotic exit in situations of defective chromosome capture, thus preventing the generation of aneuploidies. In this study, we investigate the role of MAPK Pmk1 in the regulation of mitotic exit upon stress. RESULTS We show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells lacking Pmk1, the MAP kinase effector of the cell integrity pathway (CIP), are hypersensitive to microtubule damage and defective in maintaining a metaphase arrest. Epistasis analysis suggests that Pmk1 is involved in maintaining spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling, and its deletion is additive to the lack of core SAC components such as Mad2 and Mad3. Strikingly, pmk1Δ cells show up to twofold increased levels of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) activator Cdc20Slp1 during unperturbed growth. We demonstrate that Pmk1 physically interacts with Cdc20Slp1 N-terminus through a canonical MAPK docking site. Most important, the Cdc20Slp1 pool is rapidly degraded in stressed cells undergoing mitosis through a mechanism that requires MAPK activity, Mad3, and the proteasome, thus resulting in a delayed mitotic exit. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a novel function of MAPK in preventing mitotic exit and activation of cytokinesis in response to stress. The regulation of Cdc20Slp1 turnover by MAPK Pmk1 provides a key mechanism by which the timing of mitotic exit can be adjusted relative to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terersa Soto
- Yeast Physiology Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Ignacio Flor-Parra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Silvia Salas-Pino
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Gabriel Ruiz-Romero
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Kathleen L Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - José Cansado
- Yeast Physiology Group, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30071, Spain.
| | - Rafael R Daga
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain.
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3
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Chen SY, Cheng PW, Peng HF, Wu JC. C. elegans spermatocyte divisions show a weak spindle checkpoint response. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs257675. [PMID: 38372383 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.257675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Male meiotic division exhibits two consecutive chromosome separation events without apparent pausing. Several studies have shown that spermatocyte divisions are not stringently regulated as in mitotic cells. In this study, we investigated the role of the canonical spindle assembly (SAC) pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans spermatogenesis. We found the intensity of chromosome-associated outer kinetochore protein BUB-1 and SAC effector MDF-1 oscillates between the two divisions. However, the SAC target securin is degraded during the first division and remains undetectable for the second division. Inhibition of proteasome-dependent protein degradation did not affect the progression of the second division but stopped the first division at metaphase. Perturbation of spindle integrity did not affect the duration of meiosis II, and only slightly lengthened meiosis I. Our results demonstrate that male meiosis II is independent of SAC regulation, and male meiosis I exhibits only weak checkpoint response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Wei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fang Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ching Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan
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4
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Gliech CR, Yeow ZY, Tapias-Gomez D, Yang Y, Huang Z, Tijhuis AE, Spierings DC, Foijer F, Chung G, Tamayo N, Bahrami-Nejad Z, Collins P, Nguyen TT, Plata Stapper A, Hughes PE, Payton M, Holland AJ. Weakened APC/C activity at mitotic exit drives cancer vulnerability to KIF18A inhibition. EMBO J 2024; 43:666-694. [PMID: 38279026 PMCID: PMC10907621 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of current antimitotic cancer drugs is limited by toxicity in highly proliferative healthy tissues. A cancer-specific dependency on the microtubule motor protein KIF18A therefore makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Not all cancers require KIF18A, however, and the determinants underlying this distinction remain unclear. Here, we show that KIF18A inhibition drives a modest and widespread increase in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling from kinetochores which can result in lethal mitotic delays. Whether cells arrest in mitosis depends on the robustness of the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and cells predisposed with weak basal anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activity and/or persistent SAC signaling through metaphase are uniquely sensitive to KIF18A inhibition. KIF18A-dependent cancer cells exhibit hallmarks of this SAC:APC/C imbalance, including a long metaphase-to-anaphase transition, and slow mitosis overall. Together, our data reveal vulnerabilities in the cell division apparatus of cancer cells that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin R Gliech
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Y Yeow
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Daniel Tapias-Gomez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Andréa E Tijhuis
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Cj Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, AV, 9713, The Netherlands
| | - Grace Chung
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Nuria Tamayo
- Medicinal Chemistry, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | | | - Patrick Collins
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Andres Plata Stapper
- Center for Research Acceleration by Digital Innovation, Amgen Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94084, USA
| | - Paul E Hughes
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Marc Payton
- Oncology Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, 91320, USA
| | - Andrew J Holland
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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5
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Qi X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Fu Y, Fu Y, Yin L, Li X. UHRF1 promotes spindle assembly and chromosome congression by catalyzing EG5 polyubiquitination. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202210093. [PMID: 37728657 PMCID: PMC10510743 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202210093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
UHRF1 is an epigenetic coordinator bridging DNA methylation and histone modifications. Additionally, UHRF1 regulates DNA replication and cell cycle, and its deletion induces G1/S or G2/M cell cycle arrest. The roles of UHRF1 in the regulation of G2/M transition remain poorly understood. UHRF1 depletion caused chromosome misalignment, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest at mitotic metaphase, and these cells exhibited the defects of spindle geometry, prominently manifested as shorter spindles. Mechanistically, UHRF1 protein directly interacts with EG5, a kinesin motor protein, during mitosis. Furthermore, UHRF1 induced EG5 polyubiquitination at the site of K1034 and further promoted the interaction of EG5 with spindle assembly factor TPX2, thereby ensuring accurate EG5 distribution to the spindles during metaphase. Our study clarifies a novel UHRF1 function as a nuclear protein catalyzing EG5 polyubiquitination for proper spindle architecture and faithful genomic transmission, which is independent of its roles in epigenetic regulation and DNA damage repair inside the nucleus. These findings revealed a previously unknown mechanism of UHRF1 in controlling mitotic spindle architecture and chromosome behavior and provided mechanistic evidence for UHRF1 deletion-mediated G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuli Qi
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youhong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuchong Peng
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Fu
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongming Fu
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linglong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Center for Clinical Precision Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Specialty of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Pharmacovigilance, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Edgerton HD, Mukherjee S, Johansson M, Bachant J, Gardner MK, Clarke DJ. Low tension recruits the yeast Aurora B protein Ipl1 to centromeres in metaphase. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261416. [PMID: 37519149 PMCID: PMC10445749 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate genome segregation in mitosis requires that all chromosomes are bioriented on the spindle. Cells monitor biorientation by sensing tension across sister centromeres. Chromosomes that are not bioriented have low centromere tension, which allows Aurora B (yeast Ipl1) to perform error correction that locally loosens kinetochore-microtubule attachments to allow detachment of microtubules and fresh attempts at achieving biorientation. However, it is not known whether low tension recruits Aurora B to centromeres or, alternatively, whether low tension directly activates Aurora B already localized at centromeres. In this work, we experimentally induced low tension in metaphase Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, then monitored Ipl1 localization. We find low tension recruits Ipl1 to centromeres. Furthermore, low tension-induced Ipl1 recruitment depended on Bub1, which is known to provide a binding site for Ipl1. In contrast, Top2, which can also recruit Ipl1 to centromeres, was not required. Our results demonstrate cells are sensitive to low tension at centromeres and respond by actively recruiting Ip1l for error correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D. Edgerton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marnie Johansson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jeff Bachant
- Department of Molecular Cell Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Melissa K. Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Duncan J. Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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7
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The insulin receptor endocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:79-107. [PMID: 36631202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling controls multiple aspects of animal physiology. At the cell surface, insulin binds and activates the insulin receptor (IR), a receptor tyrosine kinase. Insulin promotes a large conformational change of IR and stabilizes the active conformation. The insulin-activated IR triggers signaling cascades, thus controlling metabolism, growth, and proliferation. The activated IR undergoes internalization by clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The IR endocytosis plays important roles in insulin clearance from blood, and distribution and termination of the insulin signaling. Despite decades of extensive studies, the mechanism and regulation of IR endocytosis and its contribution to pathophysiology remain incompletely understood. Here we discuss recent findings that provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways that mediate the IR endocytosis.
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8
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Roca M, Besnardeau L, Christians E, McDougall A, Chenevert J, Castagnetti S. Acquisition of the spindle assembly checkpoint and its modulation by cell fate and cell size in a chordate embryo. Development 2023; 150:285941. [PMID: 36515557 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance system that preserves genome integrity by delaying anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly attached to spindle microtubules. Recruitment of SAC proteins to unattached kinetochores generates an inhibitory signal that prolongs mitotic duration. Chordate embryos are atypical in that spindle defects do not delay mitotic progression during early development, implying that either the SAC is inactive or the cell-cycle target machinery is unresponsive. Here, we show that in embryos of the chordate Phallusia mammillata, the SAC delays mitotic progression from the 8th cleavage divisions. Unattached kinetochores are not recognized by the SAC machinery until the 7th cell cycle, when the SAC is acquired. After acquisition, SAC strength, which manifests as the degree of mitotic lengthening induced by spindle perturbations, is specific to different cell types and is modulated by cell size, showing similarity to SAC control in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. We conclude that SAC acquisition is a process that is likely specific to chordate embryos, while modulation of SAC efficiency in SAC proficient stages depends on cell fate and cell size, which is similar to non-chordate embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Roca
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Lydia Besnardeau
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Elisabeth Christians
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alex McDougall
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Janet Chenevert
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Stefania Castagnetti
- Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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9
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Gupta A, Dagar G, Chauhan R, Sadida HQ, Almarzooqi SK, Hashem S, Uddin S, Macha MA, Akil ASAS, Pandita TK, Bhat AA, Singh M. Cyclin-dependent kinases in cancer: Role, regulation, and therapeutic targeting. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:21-55. [PMID: 37061333 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell division is one of the fundamental phenomena which is the basis of all life on earth. Even a single base pair mutation in DNA leads to the production of the dysregulated protein that can have catastrophic consequences. Cell division is tightly controlled and orchestrated by proteins called cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKs), which serve as licensing factors during different phases of cell division. Dysregulated cell division is one of the most important hallmarks of cancer and is commonly associated with a mutation in cyclins and CDKs along with tumor suppressor proteins. Therefore, targeting the component of the cell cycle which leads to these characteristics would be an effective strategy for treating cancers. Specifically, Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) involved in cell cycle regulation have been identified to be overexpressed in many cancers. Many studies indicate that oncogenesis occurs in cancerous cells by the overactivity of different CDKs, which impact cell cycle progression and checkpoint dysregulation which is responsible for development of tumor. The development of CDK inhibitors has emerged as a promising and novel approach for cancer treatment in both solid and hematological malignancies. Some of the novel CDK inhibitors have shown remarkable results in clinical trials, such as-Ribociclib®, Palbociclib® and Abemaciclib®, which are CDK4/6 inhibitors and have received FDA approval for the treatment of breast cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the molecular mechanism through which cyclins and CDKs regulate cell cycle progression and the emergence of cyclins and CDKs as rational targets in cancer. We also discuss recent advances in developing CDK inhibitors, which have emerged as a novel class of inhibitors, and their associated toxicities in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Chauhan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara K Almarzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Research Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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10
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Fischer ES. Kinetochore‐catalyzed MCC
formation: A structural perspective. IUBMB Life 2022; 75:289-310. [PMID: 36518060 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a cellular surveillance mechanism that functions to ensure accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis. Macromolecular complexes known as kinetochores, act as the interface of sister chromatid attachment to spindle microtubules. In response to unattached kinetochores, the SAC activates its effector, the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which delays mitotic exit until all sister chromatid pairs have achieved successful attachment to the bipolar mitotic spindle. Formation of the MCC (composed of Mad2, BubR1, Bub3 and Cdc20) is regulated by an Mps1 kinase-dependent phosphorylation signaling cascade which assembles and repositions components of the MCC onto a catalytic scaffold. This scaffold functions to catalyze the conversion of the HORMA-domain protein Mad2 from an "inactive" open-state (O-Mad2) into an "active" closed-Mad2 (C-Mad2), and simultaneous Cdc20 binding. Here, our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the kinetic barrier to C-Mad2:Cdc20 formation will be reviewed. Recent progress in elucidating the precise molecular choreography orchestrated by the catalytic scaffold to rapidly assemble the MCC will be examined, and unresolved questions will be highlighted. Ultimately, understanding how the SAC rapidly activates the checkpoint not only provides insights into how cells maintain genomic integrity during mitosis, but also provides a paradigm for how cells can utilize molecular switches, including other HORMA domain-containing proteins, to make rapid changes to a cell's physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse S. Fischer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus Cambridge UK
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11
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Yue W, Wang Y, Meng T, Zhang H, Zhang X, Ouyang Y, Hou Y, Schatten H, Wang Z, Sun Q. Kinetochore scaffold 1 regulates SAC function during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22210. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101586rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Tie‐Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hong‐Yong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University‐The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center Shenzhen China
| | - Xin‐Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying‐Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Zhen‐Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qing‐Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Metabolism & Reproduction Joint Laboratory Reproductive Medicine Center Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Guangzhou China
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12
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Bolanos-Garcia VM. On the Regulation of Mitosis by the Kinetochore, a Macromolecular Complex and Organising Hub of Eukaryotic Organisms. Subcell Biochem 2022; 99:235-267. [PMID: 36151378 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-00793-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The kinetochore is the multiprotein complex of eukaryotic organisms that is assembled on mitotic or meiotic centromeres to connect centromeric DNA with microtubules. Its function involves the coordinated action of more than 100 different proteins. The kinetochore acts as an organiser hub that establishes physical connections with microtubules and centromere-associated proteins and recruits central protein components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), an evolutionarily conserved surveillance mechanism of eukaryotic organisms that detects unattached kinetochores and destabilises incorrect kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The molecular communication between the kinetochore and the SAC is highly dynamic and tightly regulated to ensure that cells can progress towards anaphase until each chromosome is properly bi-oriented on the mitotic spindle. This is achieved through an interplay of highly cooperative interactions and concerted phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that are organised in time and space.This contribution discusses our current understanding of the function, structure and regulation of the kinetochore, in particular, how its communication with the SAC results in the amplification of specific signals to exquisitely control the eukaryotic cell cycle. This contribution also addresses recent advances in machine learning approaches, cell imaging and proteomics techniques that have enhanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that ensure the high fidelity and timely segregation of the genetic material every time a cell divides as well as the current challenges in the study of this fascinating molecular machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
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13
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Mitotic phosphorylation of tumor suppressor DAB2IP maintains spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosomal stability through activating PLK1-Mps1 signal pathway and stabilizing mitotic checkpoint complex. Oncogene 2022; 41:489-501. [PMID: 34775484 PMCID: PMC8782720 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a driving force for cancer development. The most common causes of CIN include the dysregulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which is a surveillance mechanism that prevents premature chromosome separation during mitosis by targeting anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). DAB2IP is frequently silenced in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and is associated with aggressive phenotypes of PCa. Our previous study showed that DAB2IP activates PLK1 and functions in mitotic regulation. Here, we report the novel mitotic phosphorylation of DAB2IP by Cdks, which mediates DAB2IP's interaction with PLK1 and the activation of the PLK1-Mps1 pathway. DAB2IP interacts with Cdc20 in a phosphorylation-independent manner. However, the phosphorylation of DAB2IP inhibits the ubiquitylation of Cdc20 in response to SAC, and blocks the premature release of the APC/C-MCC. The PLK1-Mps1 pathway plays an important role in mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) assembly. It is likely that DAB2IP acts as a scaffold to aid PLK1-Mps1 in targeting Cdc20. Depletion or loss of the Cdks-mediated phosphorylation of DAB2IP destabilizes the MCC, impairs the SAC, and increases chromosome missegregation and subsequent CIN, thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate the mechanism of DAB2IP in SAC regulation and provide a rationale for targeting the SAC to cause lethal CIN against DAB2IP-deficient aggressive PCa, which exhibits a weak SAC.
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14
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Luna-Maldonado F, Andonegui-Elguera MA, Díaz-Chávez J, Herrera LA. Mitotic and DNA Damage Response Proteins: Maintaining the Genome Stability and Working for the Common Good. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:700162. [PMID: 34966733 PMCID: PMC8710681 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.700162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular function is highly dependent on genomic stability, which is mainly ensured by two cellular mechanisms: the DNA damage response (DDR) and the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC). The former provides the repair of damaged DNA, and the latter ensures correct chromosome segregation. This review focuses on recently emerging data indicating that the SAC and the DDR proteins function together throughout the cell cycle, suggesting crosstalk between both checkpoints to maintain genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luna-Maldonado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Andonegui-Elguera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
| | - Luis A. Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas–Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Trainor BM, Ciccaglione K, Czymek M, Law MJ. Distinct requirements for the COMPASS core subunits Set1, Swd1, and Swd3 during meiosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 GENES|GENOMES|GENETICS 2021; 11:6342418. [PMID: 34849786 PMCID: PMC8527496 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis-specific chromatin structures, guided by histone modifications, are critical mediators of a meiotic transient transcription program and progression through prophase I. Histone H3K4 can be methylated up to three times by the Set1-containing COMPASS complex and each methylation mark corresponds to a different chromatin conformation. The level of H3K4 modification is directed by the activity of additional COMPASS components. In this study, we characterized the role of the COMPASS subunits during meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vegetative cells, previous studies revealed a role for subunits Swd2, Sdc1, and Bre2 for H3K4me2 while Spp1 supported trimethylation. However, we found that Bre2 and Sdc1 are required for H3K4me3 as yeast prepare to enter meiosis while Spp1 is not. Interestingly, we identified distinct meiotic functions for the core COMPASS complex members that required for all H3K4me, Set1, Swd1, and Swd3. While Set1 and Swd1 are required for progression through early meiosis, Swd3 is critical for late meiosis and spore morphogenesis. Furthermore, the meiotic requirement for Set1 is independent of H3K4 methylation, suggesting the presence of nonhistone substrates. Finally, checkpoint suppression analyses indicate that Set1 and Swd1 are required for both homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. These data suggest that COMPASS has important new roles for meiosis that are independent of its well-characterized functions during mitotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Trainor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Kerri Ciccaglione
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rowan University-School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA
| | - Miranda Czymek
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
| | - Michael J Law
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
- Biology Program, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ 08205, USA
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16
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Lara-Gonzalez P, Pines J, Desai A. Spindle assembly checkpoint activation and silencing at kinetochores. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 117:86-98. [PMID: 34210579 PMCID: PMC8406419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that promotes accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis. The checkpoint senses the attachment state of kinetochores, the proteinaceous structures that assemble onto chromosomes in mitosis in order to mediate their interaction with spindle microtubules. When unattached, kinetochores generate a diffusible inhibitor that blocks the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), an E3 ubiquitin ligase required for sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Work from the past decade has greatly illuminated our understanding of the mechanisms by which the diffusible inhibitor is assembled and how it inhibits the APC/C. However, less is understood about how SAC proteins are recruited to kinetochores in the absence of microtubule attachment, how the kinetochore catalyzes formation of the diffusible inhibitor, and how attachments silence the SAC at the kinetochore. Here, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms that activate and silence the SAC at kinetochores and highlight open questions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, USA; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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17
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Cheng A, Jiang Y, Wang T, Yu F, Ishrat I, Zhang D, Ji X, Chen M, Xiao W, Li Q, Zhang K, Niu G, Shi J, Pan Y, Yang Z, Guo J. Energy restriction causes metaphase delay and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1195-1208. [PMID: 34048314 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1930679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP metabolism during mitosis needs to be coordinated with numerous energy-demanding activities, especially in cancer cells whose metabolic pathways are reprogramed to sustain rapid proliferation in a nutrient-deficient environment. Although strategies targeting the energy metabolic pathways have shown therapeutic efficacy in preclinical cancer models, how normal cells and cancer cells differentially respond to energy shortage is unclear. In this study, using time-lapse microscopy, we found that cancer cells displayed unique mitotic phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner upon decreasing ATP (i.e. energy) supply. When reduction in ATP concentration was moderate, chromosome movements in mitosis were barely affected, while the metaphase-anaphase transition was significantly prolonged due to reduced tension between the sister-kinetochores, which delayed the satisfaction of the spindle assembly checkpoint. Further reduction in ATP concentration led to a decreased level of Aurora-B at the centromere, resulting in increased chromosome mis-segregation after metaphase delay. In contrast to cancer cells, ATP restriction in non-transformed cells induced cell cycle arrest in interphase, rather than causing mitotic defects. In addition, data mining of cancer patient database showed a correlation between signatures of energy production and chromosomal instability possibly resulted from mitotic defects. Together, these results reveal that energy restriction induces differential responses in normal and cancer cells, with chromosome mis-segregation only observed in cancer cells. This points to targeting energy metabolism as a potentially cancer-selective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fazhi Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Iqra Ishrat
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ji
- Joint Turing-Darwin Laboratory of Phil Rivers Technology Ltd. And Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Computational Biology, Phil Rivers Technology Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Minhua Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Niu
- Joint Turing-Darwin Laboratory of Phil Rivers Technology Ltd. And Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Computational Biology, Phil Rivers Technology Ltd, Beijing, China.,West Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenye Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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18
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Immunization with CENP-C Causes Aberrant Chromosome Segregation during Oocyte Meiosis in Mice. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:4610494. [PMID: 33604391 PMCID: PMC7868151 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4610494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticentromere antibodies (ACA) were associated with lower oocyte maturation rates and cleavage rates, while the mechanism was not clear. Aims of this study were to examine whether active immunization with centromere protein C could elicit the CENP-C autoantibody in mice and the impacts of the CENP-C autoantibody on oocyte meiosis. Mice were divided into two groups, one was the experimental group immunized with human centromere protein C and Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and the other was the control group injected with CFA only. Serum and oocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with human centromere protein C (CENP-C) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or injected with only CFA were studied for the development of the CENP-C antibody. Rates of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), first polar body (Pb1) extrusion, abnormal spindle morphology, and chromosome misalignment were compared between the experimental group and the control group. The CENP-C antibody was only observed in serum and oocytes of mice immunized with the centromere protein C antigen. The first polar body (Pb1) extrusion rate was lower in the experimental group (P < 0.01). A higher percentage of spindle defects and chromosome congression failure were also detected in the experimental group (spindle defects: 64.67 ± 1.16% vs. 9.27 ± 2.28% control; chromosome misalignment: 50.80 ± 2.40% vs. 8.30 ± 1.16% control; P < 0.01 for both). Oocyte meiosis was severely impaired by the CENP-C antibody, which may be the main mechanism of adverse reproductive outcomes for ACA-positive women who have no clinical symptoms of any autoimmune diseases.
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19
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Hall C, Yu H, Choi E. Insulin receptor endocytosis in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:911-920. [PMID: 32576931 PMCID: PMC7338473 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin signaling controls cell growth and metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway causes metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Insulin signaling pathways have been extensively studied. Upon insulin binding, the insulin receptor (IR) triggers downstream signaling cascades. The active IR is then internalized by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Despite decades of studies, the mechanism and regulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis of IR remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed feedback regulation of IR endocytosis through Src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Here we review the molecular mechanism of IR endocytosis and its impact on the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and discuss the potential of SHP2 as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hall
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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20
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Schmitz ML, Higgins JMG, Seibert M. Priming chromatin for segregation: functional roles of mitotic histone modifications. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:625-641. [PMID: 31992120 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1719585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins are important for various cellular processes including regulation of gene expression and chromatin structure, DNA damage response and chromosome segregation. Here we comprehensively review mitotic histone PTMs, in particular phosphorylations, and discuss their interplay and functions in the control of dynamic protein-protein interactions as well as their contribution to centromere and chromosome structure and function during cell division. Histone phosphorylations can create binding sites for mitotic regulators such as the chromosomal passenger complex, which is required for correction of erroneous spindle attachments and chromosome bi-orientation. Other histone PTMs can alter the structural properties of nucleosomes and the accessibility of chromatin. Epigenetic marks such as lysine methylations are maintained during mitosis and may also be important for mitotic transcription as well as bookmarking of transcriptional states to ensure the transmission of gene expression programs through cell division. Additionally, histone phosphorylation can dissociate readers of methylated histones without losing epigenetic information. Through all of these processes, mitotic histone PTMs play a functional role in priming the chromatin for faithful chromosome segregation and preventing genetic instability, one of the characteristic hallmarks of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M G Higgins
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Markus Seibert
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Wu CC, Ekanem TI, Phan NN, Loan DTT, Hou SY, Lee KH, Wang CY. Gene signatures and prognostic analyses of the Tob/BTG pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) family in clinical breast cancer patients. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:3112-3124. [PMID: 33173433 PMCID: PMC7646110 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer type in females, and exploring the mechanisms of disease progression is playing a crucial role in the development of potential therapeutics. Pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG) family members are well documented to be involved in cell-cycle regulation and mitosis, and contribute to cancer development by their involvement in cellular transformation in several tumor types. The critical roles of PTTG family members as crucial transcription factors in diverse types of cancers are recognized, but how they regulate breast cancer development still remains mostly unknown. Meanwhile, a holistic genetic analysis exploring whether PTTG family members regulate breast cancer progression via the cell cycle as well as the energy metabolism-related network is lacking. To comprehensively understand the messenger RNA expression profiles of PTTG proteins in breast cancer, we herein conducted a high-throughput screening approach by integrating information from various databases such as Oncomine, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, Metacore, ClueGo, and CluePedia. These useful databases and tools provide expression profiles and functional analyses. The present findings revealed that PTTG1 and PTTG3 are two important genes with high expressions in breast cancer relative to normal breast cells, implying their unique roles in breast cancer progression. Results of our coexpression analysis demonstrated that PTTG family genes were positively correlated with thiamine triphosphate (TTP), deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) metabolic, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and cell-cycle related pathways. Meanwhile, through Cytoscape analyzed indicated that in addition to the metastasis markers AURKA, AURKB, and NDC80, many of the kinesin superfamily (KIF) members including KIFC1, KIF2C, KIF4A, KIF14, KIF20A, KIF23, were also correlated with PTTG family transcript expression. Finally, we revealed that high levels of PTTG1 and PTTG3 transcription predicted poor survival, which provided useful insights into prospective research of cancer associated with the PTTG family. Therefore, these members of the PTTG family would serve as distinct and essential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Che Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Titus Ime Ekanem
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Hematology, University of Uyo, Uyo 520221, Nigeria
| | - Nam Nhut Phan
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thuy Loan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sz-Ying Hou
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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22
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Qin Y, Zhou Y, Shen Z, Xu B, Chen M, Li Y, Chen M, Behrens A, Zhou J, Qi X, Meng W, Wang Y, Gao F. WDR62 is involved in spindle assembly by interacting with CEP170 in spermatogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.174128. [PMID: 31533924 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
WDR62 is the second most common genetic alteration associated with microcephaly. It has been shown that Wdr62 is required for germ cell meiosis initiation in mice, and the majority of male germ cells are lost in the meiotic defect of first wave spermatogenesis in Wdr62 mutants. Strikingly, in this study, we found that the initiation of meiosis following spermatogenesis was not affected and the germ cells were gradually repopulated at later developmental stages. However, most germ cells were arrested at metaphase of meiosis I and no mature sperm were detected in epididymides. Further, this study demonstrated that metaphase I arrest of Wdr62-deficient spermatocytes was caused by asymmetric distribution of the centrosome and aberrant spindle assembly. Also, mechanistic studies demonstrated that WDR62 interacts with centrosome-associated protein CEP170, and deletion of Wdr62 causes downregulation of the CEP170 protein, which in turn leads to the aberrant spindle assembly. In summary, this study indicates that the meiosis of first wave spermatogenesis and the following spermatogenesis started from spermatogonium is probably regulated by different mechanisms. We also demonstrated a new function of WDR62 in germ cell meiosis, through its interaction with CEP170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China 010070
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Yaqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Axel Behrens
- CR-UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qi
- The Department of Chemistry, Beijing Capital Normal University, Beijing, China 100048
| | - Wenxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100101 .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Leontiou I, London N, May KM, Ma Y, Grzesiak L, Medina-Pritchard B, Amin P, Jeyaprakash AA, Biggins S, Hardwick KG. The Bub1-TPR Domain Interacts Directly with Mad3 to Generate Robust Spindle Checkpoint Arrest. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2407-2414.e7. [PMID: 31257143 PMCID: PMC6657678 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint monitors kinetochore-microtubule interactions and generates a “wait anaphase” delay when any defects are apparent [1, 2, 3]. This provides time for cells to correct chromosome attachment errors and ensure high-fidelity chromosome segregation. Checkpoint signals are generated at unattached chromosomes during mitosis. To activate the checkpoint, Mps1Mph1 kinase phosphorylates the kinetochore component KNL1Spc105/Spc7 on conserved MELT motifs to recruit Bub3-Bub1 complexes [4, 5, 6] via a direct Bub3 interaction with phospho-MELT motifs [7, 8]. Mps1Mph1 then phosphorylates Bub1, which strengthens its interaction with Mad1-Mad2 complexes to produce a signaling platform [9, 10]. The Bub1-Mad1 platform is thought to recruit Mad3, Cdc20, and Mad2 to produce the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which is the diffusible wait anaphase signal [9, 11, 12]. The MCC binds and inhibits the mitotic E3 ubiquitin ligase, known as Cdc20-anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), and stabilizes securin and cyclin to delay anaphase onset [13, 14, 15, 16, 17]. Here we demonstrate, in both budding and fission yeast, that kinetochores and KNL1Spc105/Spc7 can be bypassed; simply inducing heterodimers of Mps1Mph1 kinase and Bub1 is sufficient to trigger metaphase arrest that is dependent on Mad1, Mad2, and Mad3. We use this to dissect the domains of Bub1 necessary for arrest, highlighting the need for Bub1-CD1, which binds Mad1 [9], and Bub1’s highly conserved N-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain [18, 19]. We demonstrate that the Bub1 TPR domain is both necessary and sufficient to bind and recruit Mad3. We propose that this brings Mad3 into close proximity to Mad1-Mad2 and Mps1Mph1 kinase, enabling efficient generation of MCC complexes. Heterodimers of Mps1 and Bub1 generate robust spindle checkpoint arrest in yeasts This arrest is independent of kinetochores but requires Bub1-CD1 and the Bub1-TPR The Bub1-TPR is both necessary and sufficient for Mad3 interaction and recruitment Recombinant fission yeast Bub1-TPR and Mad3 form a stable complex
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Leontiou
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Nitobe London
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Karen M May
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yingrui Ma
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Lucile Grzesiak
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Bethan Medina-Pritchard
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Priya Amin
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sue Biggins
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin G Hardwick
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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24
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Lu S, Qian J, Guo M, Gu C, Yang Y. Insights into a Crucial Role of TRIP13 in Human Cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:854-861. [PMID: 31321001 PMCID: PMC6612527 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interacting Protein 13 (TRIP13) plays a key role in regulating mitotic processes, including spindle assembly checkpoint and DNA repair pathways, which may account for Chromosome instability (CIN). As CIN is a predominant hallmark of cancer, TRIP13 may act as a tumor susceptibility locus. Amplification of TRIP13 has been observed in various human cancers and implicated in several aspects of malignant transformation, including cancer cell proliferation, drug resistance and tumor progression. Here, we discussed the functional significance of TRIP13 in cell progression, highlighted the recent findings on the aberrant expression in human cancers and emphasized its significance for the therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - J Qian
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - M Guo
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - C Gu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Y Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 0Nanjing, China
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25
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Kaisari S, Shomer P, Ziv T, Sitry-Shevah D, Miniowitz-Shemtov S, Teichner A, Hershko A. Role of Polo-like kinase 1 in the regulation of the action of p31 comet in the disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11725-11730. [PMID: 31118282 PMCID: PMC6575526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902970116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mad2-binding protein p31comet has important roles in the inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint system, which delays anaphase until chromosomes attach correctly to the mitotic spindle. The activation of the checkpoint promotes the assembly of a Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which inhibits the action of the ubiquitin ligase APC/C (Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome) to degrade inhibitors of anaphase initiation. The inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint requires the disassembly of MCC. p31comet promotes the disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes by liberating their Mad2 component in a joint action with the ATPase TRIP13. Here, we investigated the regulation of p31comet action. The release of Mad2 from checkpoint complexes in extracts from nocodazole-arrested HeLa cells was inhibited by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), as suggested by the effects of selective inhibitors of Plk1. Purified Plk1 bound to p31comet and phosphorylated it, resulting in the suppression of its activity (with TRIP13) to disassemble checkpoint complexes. Plk1 phosphorylated p31comet on S102, as suggested by the prevention of the phosphorylation of this residue in checkpoint extracts by the selective Plk1 inhibitor BI-2536 and by the phosphorylation of S102 with purified Plk1. An S102A mutant of p31comet had a greatly decreased sensitivity to inhibition by Plk1 of its action to disassemble mitotic checkpoint complexes. We propose that the phosphorylation of p31comet by Plk1 prevents a futile cycle of MCC assembly and disassembly during the active mitotic checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Kaisari
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Pnina Shomer
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Ziv
- Department of Biology, Smoler Proteomics Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
| | - Danielle Sitry-Shevah
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Shirly Miniowitz-Shemtov
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Adar Teichner
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Avram Hershko
- Department of Biochemistry, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 31096 Haifa, Israel;
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26
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Choi E, Kikuchi S, Gao H, Brodzik K, Nassour I, Yopp A, Singal AG, Zhu H, Yu H. Mitotic regulators and the SHP2-MAPK pathway promote IR endocytosis and feedback regulation of insulin signaling. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1473. [PMID: 30931927 PMCID: PMC6443781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin controls glucose homeostasis and cell growth through bifurcated signaling pathways. Dysregulation of insulin signaling is linked to diabetes and cancer. The spindle checkpoint controls the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here, we show that insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) cooperate with spindle checkpoint proteins to promote insulin receptor (IR) endocytosis through recruiting the clathrin adaptor complex AP2 to IR. A phosphorylation switch of IRS1/2 orchestrated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2) ensures selective internalization of activated IR. SHP2 inhibition blocks this feedback regulation and growth-promoting IR signaling, prolongs insulin action on metabolism, and improves insulin sensitivity in mice. We propose that mitotic regulators and SHP2 promote feedback inhibition of IR, thereby limiting the duration of insulin signaling. Targeting this feedback inhibition can improve insulin sensitivity. The mechanisms promoting insulin resistance at the receptor level are poorly understood. Here, Choi et al. show that mitotic proteins and the SHP2-MAPK pathway regulate receptor endocytosis and insulin signaling feedback, identifying a potential role for SHP2 inhibitors to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Sotaro Kikuchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Haishan Gao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Karolina Brodzik
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Ibrahim Nassour
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Adam Yopp
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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27
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Recent Progress on the Localization of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Machinery to Kinetochores. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030278. [PMID: 30909555 PMCID: PMC6468716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis is crucial for maintaining genome stability. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate mitotic progression. Defective SAC signaling leads to premature sister chromatid separation and aneuploid daughter cells. Mechanistically, the SAC couples the kinetochore microtubule attachment status to the cell cycle progression machinery. In the presence of abnormal kinetochore microtubule attachments, the SAC prevents the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through a complex kinase-phosphatase signaling cascade which results in the correct balance of SAC components recruited to the kinetochore. The correct kinetochore localization of SAC proteins is a prerequisite for robust SAC signaling and, hence, accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we review recent progresses on the kinetochore recruitment of core SAC factors.
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28
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Abstract
The separation of sister chromatids at anaphase, which is regulated by an E3 ubiquitin ligase called the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), is arguably the most important irrevocable event during the cell cycle. The APC/C and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) are just two of the many significant cell cycle regulators and exert control through ubiquitylation and phosphorylation, respectively. The temporal and spatial regulation of the APC/C is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation, interaction with the structurally related co-activators Cdc20 and Cdh1, loading of distinct E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, binding with inhibitors and differential affinities for various substrates. Since the discovery of APC/C 25 years ago, intensive studies have uncovered many aspects of APC/C regulation, but we are still far from a full understanding of this important cellular machinery. Recent high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy analysis and reconstitution of the APC/C have greatly advanced our understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning the enzymatic properties of APC/C. In this review, we will examine the historical background and current understanding of APC/C regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamano
- Cell Cycle Control Group, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O’Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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29
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Choi E, Yu H. Spindle Checkpoint Regulators in Insulin Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:161. [PMID: 30555826 PMCID: PMC6281718 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and guards against aneuploidy. Insulin signaling governs metabolic homeostasis and cell growth, and its dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. These critical pathways have been extensively investigated, but a link between the two has not been established until recently. Our recent study reveals a critical role of spindle checkpoint regulators in insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis through regulating endocytosis of the insulin receptor (IR). These findings have linked spindle checkpoint proteins to metabolic regulation, expanding the connection between cell division and metabolism. Here, we briefly review the unexpected roles of spindle checkpoint regulators in vesicle trafficking and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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30
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Luo Y, Ahmad E, Liu ST. MAD1: Kinetochore Receptors and Catalytic Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:51. [PMID: 29868582 PMCID: PMC5949338 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment, delays anaphase onset and prevents aneuploidy when unattached or tensionless kinetochores are present in cells. Mitotic arrest deficiency 1 (MAD1) is one of the evolutionarily conserved core mitotic checkpoint proteins. MAD1 forms a cell cycle independent complex with MAD2 through its MAD2 interaction motif (MIM) in the middle region. Such a complex is enriched at unattached kinetochores and functions as an unusual catalyst to promote conformational change of additional MAD2 molecules, constituting a crucial signal amplifying mechanism for the mitotic checkpoint. Only MAD2 in its active conformation can be assembled with BUBR1 and CDC20 to form the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC), which is a potent inhibitor of anaphase onset. Recent research has shed light on how MAD1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores, and how it carries out its catalytic activity. Here we review these advances and discuss their implications for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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31
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Requirement of the Dynein-Adaptor Spindly for Mitotic and Post-Mitotic Functions in Drosophila. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6020009. [PMID: 29615558 PMCID: PMC6027351 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindly was originally identified as a specific regulator of Dynein activity at the kinetochore. In early prometaphase, Spindly recruits the Dynein/Dynactin complex, promoting the establishment of stable kinetochore-microtubule interactions and progression into anaphase. While details of Spindly function in mitosis have been worked out in cultured human cells and in the C. elegans zygote, the function of Spindly within the context of an organism has not yet been addressed. Here, we present loss- and gain-of-function studies of Spindly using transgenic RNAi in Drosophila. Knock-down of Spindly in the female germ line results in mitotic arrest during embryonic cleavage divisions. We investigated the requirements of Spindly protein domains for its localisation and function, and found that the carboxy-terminal region controls Spindly localisation in a cell-type specific manner. Overexpression of Spindly in the female germ line is embryonic lethal and results in altered egg morphology. To determine whether Spindly plays a role in post-mitotic cells, we altered Spindly protein levels in migrating cells and found that ovarian border cell migration is sensitive to the levels of Spindly protein. Our study uncovers novel functions of Spindly and a differential, functional requirement for its carboxy-terminal region in Drosophila.
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32
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Noguchi A, Adachi S, Yokota N, Hatta T, Natsume T, Kawahara H. ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein necessary for DNA lesion-induced S-phase arrest. Biol Open 2018; 7:bio.031575. [PMID: 29449217 PMCID: PMC5898266 DOI: 10.1242/bio.031575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP36L2 promotes the destruction of AU-rich element-containing transcripts, while its regulation and functional significance in cell cycle control are scarcely identified. We show that ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated CCCH protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally at the respective stages of the cell cycle. Indeed, ZFP36L2 protein was eliminated after release from M phase, and ZYG11B-based E3 ligase plays a role in its polyubiquitination in interphase. Although ZFP36L2 is dispensable for normal cell cycle progression, we found that endogenous ZFP36L2 played a key role in cisplatin-induced S-phase arrest, a process in which the suppression of G1/S cyclins is necessary. The accumulation of ZFP36L2 was stimulated under DNA replication stresses and altered interactions with a subset of RNA-binding proteins. Notably, silencing endogenous ZFP36L2 led to impaired cell viability in the presence of cisplatin-induced DNA lesions. Thus, we propose that ZFP36L2 is a key protein that controls S-phase progression in the case of genome instability. Summary: ZFP36L2 is a cell cycle-regulated RNA-binding protein, the abundance of which is regulated post-translationally. This protein is especially accumulated in and critical for the survival of DNA-damaged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Noguchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shungo Adachi
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Naoto Yokota
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hatta
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tohru Natsume
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawahara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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33
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Wu X, Li Z, Shen Y. The small molecule CS1 inhibits mitosis and sister chromatid resolution in HeLa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1134-1147. [PMID: 29410075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitosis, the most dramatic event in the cell cycle, involves the reorganization of virtually all cellular components. Antimitotic agents are useful for dissecting the mechanism of this reorganization. Previously, we found that the small molecule CS1 accumulates cells in G2/M phase [1], but the mechanism of its action remains unknown. METHODS Cell cycle analysis, live cell imaging and nuclear staining were used. Chromosomal morphology was detected by chromosome spreading. The effects of CS1 on microtubules were confirmed by tubulin polymerization, colchicine tubulin-binding, cellular tubulin polymerization and immunofluorescence assays and by analysis of microtubule dynamics and molecular modeling. Histone phosphoproteomics was performed using mass spectrometry. Cell signaling cascades were analyzed using immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, siRNA knockdown and chemical inhibition of specific proteins. RESULTS The small molecule CS1 was shown to be an antimitotic agent. CS1 potently inhibited microtubule polymerization via interaction with the colchicine-binding pocket of tubulin in vitro and inhibited the formation of the spindle apparatus by reducing the bulk of growing microtubules in HeLa cells, which led to activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and mitotic arrest of HeLa cells. Compared with colchicine, CS1 impaired the progression of sister chromatid resolution independent of cohesin dissociation, and this was reversed by the removal of CS1. Additionally, CS1 induced unique histone phosphorylation patterns distinct from those induced by colchicine. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE CS1 is a unique antimitotic small molecule and a powerful tool with unprecedented value over colchicine that makes it possible to specifically and conditionally perturb mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Yuemao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 27 South Shanda Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, PR China.
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34
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Role of ubiquitylation of components of mitotic checkpoint complex in their dissociation from anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1777-1782. [PMID: 29432156 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720312115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint system ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation in mitosis by preventing premature initiation of anaphase until correct bipolar attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle is reached. It promotes the assembly of a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), composed of BubR1, Bub3, Cdc20, and Mad2, which inhibits the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) ubiquitin ligase. When the checkpoint is satisfied, anaphase is initiated by the disassembly of MCC. Previous studies indicated that the dissociation of APC/C-bound MCC requires ubiquitylation and suggested that the target of ubiquitylation is the Cdc20 component of MCC. However, it remained unknown how ubiquitylation causes the release of MCC from APC/C and its disassembly and whether ubiquitylation of additional proteins is involved in this process. We find that ubiquitylation causes the dissociation of BubR1 from Cdc20 in MCC and suggest that this may lead to the release of MCC components from APC/C. BubR1 in MCC is ubiquitylated by APC/C, although to a lesser degree than Cdc20. The extent of BubR1 ubiquitylation was markedly increased in recombinant MCC that contained a lysine-less mutant of Cdc20. Mutation of lysine residues to arginines in the N-terminal region of BubR1 partially inhibited its ubiquitylation and slowed down the release of MCC from APC/C, provided that Cdc20 ubiquitylation was also blocked. It is suggested that ubiquitylation of both Cdc20 and BubR1 may be involved in their dissociation from each other and in the release of MCC components from APC/C.
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35
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Qiu D, Hou X, Han L, Li X, Ge J, Wang Q. Sirt2-BubR1 acetylation pathway mediates the effects of advanced maternal age on oocyte quality. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12698. [PMID: 29067790 PMCID: PMC5770883 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of Sirt2 protein is reduced in oocytes from aged mice, while exogenous expression of Sirt2 could ameliorate the maternal age-associated meiotic defects. To date, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we confirmed that specific depletion of Sirt2 disrupts maturational progression and spindle/chromosome organization in mouse oocytes, with compromised kinetochore-microtubule attachments. Candidate screening revealed that acetylation state of lysine 243 on BubR1 (BubR1-K243, an integral part of the spindle assembly checkpoint complex) functions during oocyte meiosis, and acetylation-mimetic mutant BubR1-K243Q results in the very similar phenotypes as Sirt2-knockdown oocytes. Furthermore, we found that nonacetylatable-mimetic mutant BubR1-K243R partly prevents the meiotic deficits in oocytes depleted of Sirt2. Importantly, BubR1-K243R overexpression in oocytes derived from aged mice markedly suppresses spindle/chromosome anomalies and thereupon lowers the incidence of aneuploid eggs. In sum, our data suggest that Sirt2-dependent BubR1 deacetylation involves in the regulation of meiotic apparatus in normal oocytes and mediates the effects of advanced maternal age on oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaojing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- College of Animal Science & TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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36
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Mao Z, Liu C, Lin X, Sun B, Su C. PPP2R5A: A multirole protein phosphatase subunit in regulating cancer development. Cancer Lett 2018; 414:222-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Dai XX, Xiong H, Zhang M, Sun S, Xiong B. Zfp207 is a Bub3 binding protein regulating meiotic chromosome alignment in mouse oocytes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30155-65. [PMID: 27177335 PMCID: PMC5058671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are a massive, diverse family of proteins that serve a wide variety of biological functions. However, the roles of them during meiosis are not yet clearly defined. Here, we report that Zfp207 localizes at the kinetochores during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Depletion of Zfp207 leads to a significantly higher proportion of impaired spindle organization and misaligned chromosomes in oocytes. This is coupled with the defective kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and resultantly increasing incidence of aneuploid metaphase II eggs. The precocious polar body extrusion and escape of metaphase I arrest induced by nocodazole treatment in Zfp207-depleted oocytes indicates that Zfp207 is essential for activation of SAC (Spindle Assembly Checkpoint) activity. Notably, we find that Zfp207 binds to Bub3 to form a complex and maintains its protein level in oocytes, and that overexpression of Bub3 is able to partially rescue the occurrence of aneuploid eggs in Zfp207-depleted oocytes. Collectively, we identify Zfp207 as a novel Bub3 binding protein in oocytes which plays an important role in controlling meiotic chromosome alignment and SAC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xin Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- The First Clinical Medical College, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaochen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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38
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Mechanistic insight into TRIP13-catalyzed Mad2 structural transition and spindle checkpoint silencing. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1956. [PMID: 29208896 PMCID: PMC5717197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint maintains genomic stability and prevents aneuploidy. Unattached kinetochores convert the latent open conformer of the checkpoint protein Mad2 (O-Mad2) to the active closed conformer (C-Mad2), bound to Cdc20. C-Mad2–Cdc20 is incorporated into the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The C-Mad2-binding protein p31comet and the ATPase TRIP13 promote MCC disassembly and checkpoint silencing. Here, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we show that TRIP13 and p31comet catalyze the conversion of C-Mad2 to O-Mad2, without disrupting its stably folded core. We determine the crystal structure of human TRIP13, and identify functional TRIP13 residues that mediate p31comet–Mad2 binding and couple ATP hydrolysis to local unfolding of Mad2. TRIP13 and p31comet prevent APC/C inhibition by MCC components, but cannot reactivate APC/C already bound to MCC. Therefore, TRIP13–p31comet intercepts and disassembles free MCC not bound to APC/C through mediating the local unfolding of the Mad2 C-terminal region. The spindle checkpoint ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Here the authors use a combination of biochemical and structural biology approaches to show how the TRIP13 ATPase and its adaptor, p31comet, catalyze the conversion of the checkpoint protein Mad2 between latent and active forms
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39
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Taming the Beast: Control of APC/C Cdc20-Dependent Destruction. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 82:111-121. [PMID: 29133301 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2017.82.033712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a large multisubunit ubiquitin ligase that triggers the metaphase-to-anaphase transition in the cell cycle by targeting the substrates cyclin B and securin for destruction. APC/C activity toward these two key substrates requires the coactivator Cdc20. To ensure that cells enter mitosis and partition their duplicated genome with high accuracy, APC/CCdc20 activity must be tightly controlled. Here, we discuss the mechanisms that regulate APC/CCdc20 activity both before and during mitosis. We focus our discussion primarily on the chromosomal pathways that both accelerate and delay APC/C activation by targeting Cdc20 to opposing fates. The findings discussed provide an overview of how cells control the activation of this major cell cycle regulator to ensure both accurate and timely cell division.
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40
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Malo ME, Postnikoff SDL, Arnason TG, Harkness TAA. Mitotic degradation of yeast Fkh1 by the Anaphase Promoting Complex is required for normal longevity, genomic stability and stress resistance. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:810-30. [PMID: 27099939 PMCID: PMC4925830 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Forkhead Box (Fox) orthologs, Forkheads (Fkh) 1 and 2, are conserved transcription factors required for stress response, cell cycle progression and longevity. These yeast proteins play a key role in mitotic progression through activation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) via transcriptional control. Here, we used genetic and molecular analyses to demonstrate that the APC E3 activity is necessary for mitotic Fkh1 protein degradation and subsequent cell cycle progression. We report that Fkh1 protein degradation occurs specifically during mitosis, requires APCCdc20 and proteasome activity, and that a stable Fkh1 mutant reduces normal chronological lifespan, increases genomic instability, and increases sensitivity to stress. Our data supports a model whereby cell cycle progression through mitosis and G1 requires the targeted degradation of Fkh1 by the APC. This is significant to many fields as these results impact our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the control of aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie E Malo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Spike D L Postnikoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra G Arnason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy A A Harkness
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
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41
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Lane SIR, Jones KT. Chromosome biorientation and APC activity remain uncoupled in oocytes with reduced volume. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3949-3957. [PMID: 28978643 PMCID: PMC5716262 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lane and Jones use serial bisection of mouse oocytes to analyze the influence of cytoplasmic volume on spindle assembly checkpoint function. Volume reduction promotes inhibition of APC but cannot prevent chromosome segregation errors at anaphase. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents chromosome missegregation by coupling anaphase onset with correct chromosome attachment and tension to microtubules. It does this by generating a diffusible signal from free kinetochores into the cytoplasm, inhibiting the anaphase-promoting complex (APC). The volume in which this signal remains effective is unknown. This raises the possibility that cell volume may be the reason the SAC is weak, and chromosome segregation error-prone, in mammalian oocytes. Here, by a process of serial bisection, we analyzed the influence of oocyte volume on the ability of the SAC to inhibit bivalent segregation in meiosis I. We were able to generate oocytes with cytoplasmic volumes reduced by 86% and observed changes in APC activity consistent with increased SAC control. However, bivalent biorientation remained uncoupled from APC activity, leading to error-prone chromosome segregation. We conclude that volume is one factor contributing to SAC weakness in oocytes. However, additional factors likely uncouple chromosome biorientation with APC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I R Lane
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keith T Jones
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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42
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Hu X, Shen B, Liao S, Ning Y, Ma L, Chen J, Lin X, Zhang D, Li Z, Zheng C, Feng Y, Huang X, Han C. Gene knockout of Zmym3 in mice arrests spermatogenesis at meiotic metaphase with defects in spindle assembly checkpoint. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2910. [PMID: 28661483 PMCID: PMC5520888 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ZMYM3, a member of the MYM-type zinc finger protein family and a component of a LSD1-containing transcription repressor complex, is predominantly expressed in the mouse brain and testis. Here, we show that ZMYM3 in the mouse testis is expressed in somatic cells and germ cells until pachytene spermatocytes. Knockout (KO) of Zmym3 in mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 system resulted in adult male infertility. Spermatogenesis of the KO mice was arrested at the metaphase of the first meiotic division (MI). ZMYM3 co-immunoprecipitated with LSD1 in spermatogonial stem cells, but its KO did not change the levels of LSD1 or H3K4me1/2 or H3K9me2. However, Zmym3 KO resulted in elevated numbers of apoptotic germ cells and of MI spermatocytes that are positive for BUB3, which is a key player in spindle assembly checkpoint. Zmym3 KO also resulted in up-regulated expression of meiotic genes in spermatogonia. These results show that ZMYM3 has an essential role in metaphase to anaphase transition during mouse spermatogenesis by regulating the expression of diverse families of genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Shangying Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanmin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xingxu Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chunsheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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43
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Edgerton H, Johansson M, Keifenheim D, Mukherjee S, Chacón JM, Bachant J, Gardner MK, Clarke DJ. A noncatalytic function of the topoisomerase II CTD in Aurora B recruitment to inner centromeres during mitosis. J Cell Biol 2017; 213:651-64. [PMID: 27325791 PMCID: PMC4915189 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201511080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of Topo II is dispensable for its catalytic activity yet essential for Topo II function in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Here, Edgerton et al. resolve the role of the Topo II CTD during mitosis in yeast, showing that it functions noncatalytically via the Haspin-H3 T3-Phos pathway to recruit Ipl1/Aurora B to mitotic inner centromeres. Faithful chromosome segregation depends on the precise timing of chromatid separation, which is enforced by checkpoint signals generated at kinetochores. Here, we provide evidence that the C-terminal domain (CTD) of DNA topoisomerase IIα (Topo II) provides a novel function at inner centromeres of kinetochores in mitosis. We find that the yeast CTD is required for recruitment of the tension checkpoint kinase Ipl1/Aurora B to inner centromeres in metaphase but is not required in interphase. Conserved CTD SUMOylation sites are required for Ipl1 recruitment. This inner-centromere CTD function is distinct from the catalytic activity of Topo II. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that Topo II recruits Ipl1 via the Haspin–histone H3 threonine 3 phosphorylation pathway. Finally, Topo II and Sgo1 are equally important for Ipl1 recruitment to inner centromeres. This indicates H3 T3-Phos/H2A T120-Phos is a universal epigenetic signature that defines the eukaryotic inner centromere and provides the binding site for Ipl1/Aurora B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Edgerton
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marnie Johansson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Daniel Keifenheim
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeremy M Chacón
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jeff Bachant
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Melissa K Gardner
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Duncan J Clarke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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44
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Role of CCT chaperonin in the disassembly of mitotic checkpoint complexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:956-961. [PMID: 28096334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620451114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint system prevents premature separation of sister chromatids in mitosis and thus ensures the fidelity of chromosome segregation. When this checkpoint is active, a mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), composed of the checkpoint proteins Mad2, BubR1, Bub3, and Cdc20, is assembled. MCC inhibits the ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), whose action is necessary for anaphase initiation. When the checkpoint signal is turned off, MCC is disassembled, a process required for exit from checkpoint-arrested state. Different moieties of MCC are disassembled by different ATP-requiring processes. Previous work showed that Mad2 is released from MCC by the joint action of the TRIP13 AAA-ATPase and the Mad2-binding protein p31comet Now we have isolated from extracts of HeLa cells an ATP-dependent factor that releases Cdc20 from MCC and identified it as chaperonin containing TCP1 or TCP1-Ring complex (CCT/TRiC chaperonin), a complex known to function in protein folding. Bacterially expressed CCT5 chaperonin subunits, which form biologically active homooligomers [Sergeeva, et al. (2013) J Biol Chem 288(24):17734-17744], also promote the disassembly of MCC. CCT chaperonin further binds and disassembles subcomplexes of MCC that lack Mad2. Thus, the combined action of CCT chaperonin with that of TRIP13 ATPase promotes the complete disassembly of MCC, necessary for the inactivation of the mitotic checkpoint.
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45
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Ji Z, Gao H, Jia L, Li B, Yu H. A sequential multi-target Mps1 phosphorylation cascade promotes spindle checkpoint signaling. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28072388 PMCID: PMC5268738 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The master spindle checkpoint kinase Mps1 senses kinetochore-microtubule attachment and promotes checkpoint signaling to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. The kinetochore scaffold Knl1, when phosphorylated by Mps1, recruits checkpoint complexes Bub1–Bub3 and BubR1–Bub3 to unattached kinetochores. Active checkpoint signaling ultimately enhances the assembly of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) consisting of BubR1–Bub3, Mad2, and Cdc20, which inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome bound to Cdc20 (APC/CCdc20) to delay anaphase onset. Using in vitro reconstitution, we show that Mps1 promotes APC/C inhibition by MCC components through phosphorylating Bub1 and Mad1. Phosphorylated Bub1 binds to Mad1–Mad2. Phosphorylated Mad1 directly interacts with Cdc20. Mutations of Mps1 phosphorylation sites in Bub1 or Mad1 abrogate the spindle checkpoint in human cells. Therefore, Mps1 promotes checkpoint activation through sequentially phosphorylating Knl1, Bub1, and Mad1. This sequential multi-target phosphorylation cascade makes the checkpoint highly responsive to Mps1 and to kinetochore-microtubule attachment. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22513.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejian Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Haishan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Luying Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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46
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El Yakoubi W, Wassmann K. Meiotic Divisions: No Place for Gender Equality. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1002:1-17. [PMID: 28600780 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57127-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms the fusion of two gametes with a haploid set of chromosomes leads to the formation of the zygote, the first cell of the embryo. Accurate execution of the meiotic cell division to generate a female and a male gamete is required for the generation of healthy offspring harboring the correct number of chromosomes. Unfortunately, meiosis is error prone. This has severe consequences for fertility and under certain circumstances, health of the offspring. In humans, female meiosis is extremely error prone. In this chapter we will compare male and female meiosis in humans to illustrate why and at which frequency errors occur, and describe how this affects pregnancy outcome and health of the individual. We will first introduce key notions of cell division in meiosis and how they differ from mitosis, followed by a detailed description of the events that are prone to errors during the meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warif El Yakoubi
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France.,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France
| | - Katja Wassmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), UMR7622, Paris, 75252, France. .,CNRS, IBPS, UMR7622 Developmental Biology Lab, Paris, 75252, France.
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47
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Abstract
During the cell cycle, duplicated sister chromatids become physically connected during S phase through a process called sister-chromatid cohesion. Cohesion is terminated during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition to trigger sister-chromatid segregation. The establishment and dissolution of cohesion are highly regulated by the cohesin complex and its multitude of regulators. In particular, the cohesin regulator Wapl promotes the release of cohesin from chromosomes during both interphase and mitosis. Here, we describe in vitro protein binding assays between Wapl and a cohesin subcomplex, and cellular assays in human cells that probe the functions of Wapl in cohesin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zheng
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhuqing Ouyang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6001 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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48
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Generation of a Spindle Checkpoint Arrest from Synthetic Signaling Assemblies. Curr Biol 2016; 27:137-143. [PMID: 28017606 PMCID: PMC5226922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint acts as a mitotic surveillance system, monitoring interactions between kinetochores and spindle microtubules and ensuring high-fidelity chromosome segregation [1, 2, 3]. The checkpoint is activated by unattached kinetochores, and Mps1 kinase phosphorylates KNL1 on conserved MELT motifs to generate a binding site for the Bub3-Bub1 complex [4, 5, 6, 7]. This leads to dynamic kinetochore recruitment of Mad proteins [8, 9], a conformational change in Mad2 [10, 11, 12], and formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC: Cdc20-Mad3-Mad2 [13, 14, 15]). MCC formation inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (Cdc20-APC/C), thereby preventing the proteolytic destruction of securin and cyclin and delaying anaphase onset. What happens at kinetochores after Mps1-dependent Bub3-Bub1 recruitment remains mechanistically unclear, and it is not known whether kinetochore proteins other than KNL1 have significant roles to play in checkpoint signaling and MCC generation. Here, we take a reductionist approach, avoiding the complexities of kinetochores, and demonstrate that co-recruitment of KNL1Spc7 and Mps1Mph1 is sufficient to generate a robust checkpoint signal and prolonged mitotic arrest. We demonstrate that a Mad1-Bub1 complex is formed during synthetic checkpoint signaling. Analysis of bub3Δ mutants demonstrates that Bub3 acts to suppress premature checkpoint signaling. This synthetic system will enable detailed, mechanistic dissection of MCC generation and checkpoint silencing. After analyzing several mutants that affect localization of checkpoint complexes, we conclude that spindle checkpoint arrest can be independent of their kinetochore, spindle pole, and nuclear envelope localization. Synthetic signaling scaffolds generate a spindle checkpoint arrest The combination of KNL1Spc7 and Mps1Mph1 kinase generates a robust arrest Kinetochore, spindle, and nuclear envelope enrichment of the scaffold is not required Bub3 acts to inhibit premature checkpoint activation
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49
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Restuccia A, Yang F, Chen C, Lu L, Dai W. Mps1 is SUMO-modified during the cell cycle. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3158-70. [PMID: 26675261 PMCID: PMC4823097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mps1 is a dual specificity protein kinase that regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint and mediates proper microtubule attachment to chromosomes during mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism that controls Mps1 protein level and its activity during the cell cycle remains unclear. Given that sumoylation plays an important role in mitotic progression, we investigated whether Mps1 was SUMO-modified and whether sumoylation affects its activity in mitosis. Our results showed that Mps1 was sumoylated in both asynchronized and mitotic cell populations. Mps1 was modified by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. Our further studies revealed that lysine residues including K71, K287, K367 and K471 were essential for Mps1 sumoylation. Sumoylation appeared to play a role in mediating kinetochore localization of Mps1, thus affecting normal mitotic progression. Furthermore, SUMO-resistant mutants of Mps1 interacted with BubR1 more efficiently than it did with the wild-type control. Combined, our results indicate that Mps1 is SUMO-modified that plays an essential role in regulating Mps1 functions during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Restuccia
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feikun Yang
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Changyan Chen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lou Lu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
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Abstract
The mitotic checkpoint is a specialized signal transduction pathway that contributes to the fidelity of chromosome segregation. The signaling of the checkpoint originates from defective kinetochore-microtubule interactions and leads to formation of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC), a highly potent inhibitor of the Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C)—the E3 ubiquitin ligase essential for anaphase onset. Many important questions concerning the MCC and its interaction with APC/C have been intensively investigated and debated in the past 15 years, such as the exact composition of the MCC, how it is assembled during a cell cycle, how it inhibits APC/C, and how the MCC is disassembled to allow APC/C activation. These efforts have culminated in recently reported structure models for human MCC:APC/C supra-complexes at near-atomic resolution that shed light on multiple aspects of the mitotic checkpoint mechanisms. However, confusing statements regarding the MCC are still scattered in the literature, making it difficult for students and scientists alike to obtain a clear picture of MCC composition, structure, function and dynamics. This review will comb through some of the most popular concepts or misconceptions about the MCC, discuss our current understandings, present a synthesized model on regulation of CDC20 ubiquitination, and suggest a few future endeavors and cautions for next phase of MCC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Tao Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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