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Matthews K, Cavagnaro T, Weinstein P, Stanhope J. Health by design; optimising our urban environmental microbiomes for human health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119226. [PMID: 38797467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Humans have evolved in direct and intimate contact with their environment and the microbes that it contains, over a period of 2 million years. As a result, human physiology has become intrinsically linked to environmental microbiota. Urbanisation has reduced our exposure to harmful pathogens, however there is now increasing evidence that these same health-protective improvements in our environment may also be contributing to a hidden disease burden: immune dysregulation. Thoughtful and purposeful design has the potential to ameliorate these health concerns by providing sources of microbial diversity for human exposure. In this narrative review, we highlight the role of environmental microbiota in human health and provide insights into how we can optimise human health through well-designed cities, urban landscapes and buildings. The World Health Organization recommends there should be at least one public green space of least 0.5 ha in size within 300m of a place of residence. We argue that these larger green spaces are more likely to permit functioning ecosystems that deliver ecosystem services, including the provision of diverse aerobiomes. Urban planning must consider the conservation and addition of large public green spaces, while landscape design needs to consider how to maximise environmental, social and public health outcomes, which may include rewilding. Landscape designers need to consider how people use these spaces, and how to optimise utilisation, including for those who may experience challenges in access (e.g. those living with disabilities, people in residential care). There are also opportunities to improve health via building design that improves access to diverse environmental microbiota. Considerations include having windows that open, indoor plants, and the relationship between function, form and organization. We emphasise possibilities for re-introducing potentially health-giving microbial exposures into urban environments, particularly where the benefits of exposure to biodiverse environments may have been lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Matthews
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Cavagnaro
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Philip Weinstein
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Stanhope
- Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Roslund MI, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Puustinen L, Kummola L, Parajuli A, Cinek O, Laitinen OH, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. Skin exposure to soil microbiota elicits changes in cell-mediated immunity to pneumococcal vaccine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18573. [PMID: 39127736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A resilient immune system is characterized by its capacity to respond appropriately to challenges, such as infections, and it is crucial in vaccine response. Here we report a paired randomized intervention-control trial in which we evaluated the effect of microbially rich soil on immune resilience and pneumococcal vaccine response. Twenty-five age and sex matched pairs of volunteers were randomized to intervention and control groups. The intervention group rubbed hands three times a day in microbially rich soil until participants received a pneumococcal vaccine on day 14. Vaccine response, skin and gut bacteriome and blood cytokine levels were analyzed on days 0, 14 and 35. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with vaccine components and autoclaved soil for cytokine production. Commensal bacterial community shifted only in the intervention group during the 14-day intervention period. When PBMCs collected on day 14 before the vaccination were stimulated with the vaccine components, IFN-y production increased in the intervention but not in the control group. On day 35, vaccination induced a robust antibody response in both groups. In parallel, gut bacterial community was associated with TGF-β plasma levels and TGF-β decrease in plasma was lower in the intervention group. The results indicate that exposure to microbially rich soil can modulate the cell-mediated immunity to components in pneumococcal vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Viikki and Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Leena Puustinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Laura Kummola
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140, Lahti, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön Katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Luke, Viikki and Turku, Finland.
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Brame JE, Liddicoat C, Abbott CA, Edwards RA, Robinson JM, Gauthier NE, Breed MF. The macroecology of butyrate-producing bacteria via metagenomic assessment of butyrate production capacity. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11239. [PMID: 38694752 PMCID: PMC11057059 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Butyrate-producing bacteria are found in many outdoor ecosystems and host organisms, including humans, and are vital to ecosystem functionality and human health. These bacteria ferment organic matter, producing the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. However, the macroecological influences on their biogeographical distribution remain poorly resolved. Here we aimed to characterise their global distribution together with key explanatory climatic, geographical and physicochemical variables. We developed new normalised butyrate production capacity (BPC) indices derived from global metagenomic (n = 13,078) and Australia-wide soil 16S rRNA (n = 1331) data, using Geographic Information System (GIS) and modelling techniques to detail their ecological and biogeographical associations. The highest median BPC scores were found in anoxic and fermentative environments, including the human (BPC = 2.99) and non-human animal gut (BPC = 2.91), and in some plant-soil systems (BPC = 2.33). Within plant-soil systems, roots (BPC = 2.50) and rhizospheres (BPC = 2.34) had the highest median BPC scores. Among soil samples, geographical and climatic variables had the strongest overall effects on BPC scores (variable importance score range = 0.30-0.03), with human population density also making a notable contribution (variable importance score = 0.20). Higher BPC scores were in soils from seasonally productive sandy rangelands, temperate rural residential areas and sites with moderate-to-high soil iron concentrations. Abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria in outdoor soils followed complex ecological patterns influenced by geography, climate, soil chemistry and hydrological fluctuations. These new macroecological insights further our understanding of the ecological patterns of outdoor butyrate-producing bacteria, with implications for emerging microbially focused ecological and human health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E. Brame
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
- School of Public HealthThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Catherine A. Abbott
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Robert A. Edwards
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jake M. Robinson
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and EngineeringFlinders UniversityBedford ParkSouth AustraliaAustralia
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Robinson JM, Breed AC, Camargo A, Redvers N, Breed MF. Biodiversity and human health: A scoping review and examples of underrepresented linkages. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118115. [PMID: 38199470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports the connections between exposure to environmental typologies(such as green and blue spaces)and human health. However, the mechanistic links that connect biodiversity (the variety of life) and human health, and the extent of supporting evidence remain less clear. Here, we undertook a scoping review to map the links between biodiversity and human health and summarise the levels of associated evidence using an established weight of evidence framework. Distinct from other reviews, we provide additional context regarding the environment-microbiome-health axis, evaluate the environmental buffering pathway (e.g., biodiversity impacts on air pollution), and provide examples of three under- or minimally-represented linkages. The examples are (1) biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples' health, (2) biodiversity and urban social equity, and (3) biodiversity and COVID-19. We observed a moderate level of evidence to support the environmental microbiota-human health pathway and a moderate-high level of evidence to support broader nature pathways (e.g., greenspace) to various health outcomes, from stress reduction to enhanced wellbeing and improved social cohesion. However, studies of broader nature pathways did not typically include specific biodiversity metrics, indicating clear research gaps. Further research is required to understand the connections and causative pathways between biodiversity (e.g., using metrics such as taxonomy, diversity/richness, structure, and function) and health outcomes. There are well-established frameworks to assess the effects of broad classifications of nature on human health. These can assist future research in linking biodiversity metrics to human health outcomes. Our examples of underrepresented linkages highlight the roles of biodiversity and its loss on urban lived experiences, infectious diseases, and Indigenous Peoples' sovereignty and livelihoods. More research and awareness of these socioecological interconnections are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Robinson
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
| | - Andrew C Breed
- Epidemiology and One Health Section, Department of Agriculture, Water, and the Environment, Canberra, ACT, Australia; School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Redvers
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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Chen X. Environmental landscape design and planning system based on computer vision and deep learning. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/jisys-2022-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental landscaping is known to build, plan, and manage landscapes that consider the ecology of a site and produce gardens that benefit both people and the rest of the ecosystem. Landscaping and the environment are combined in landscape design planning to provide holistic answers to complex issues. Seeding native species and eradicating alien species are just a few ways humans influence the region’s ecosystem. Landscape architecture is the design of landscapes, urban areas, or gardens and their modification. It comprises the construction of urban and rural landscapes via coordinating the creation and management of open spaces and economics, finding a job, and working within a confined project budget. There was a lot of discussion about global warming and water shortages. There is a lot of hope to be found even in the face of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. AI is becoming more significant in many urban landscape planning and design elements with the advent of web 4.0 and Human-Centred computing. It created a virtual reality-based landscape to create deep neural networks (DNNs) to make deep learning (DL) more user-friendly and efficient. Users may only manipulate physical items in this environment to manually construct neural networks. These setups are automatically converted into a model, and the real-time testing set is reported and aware of the DNN models that users are producing. This research presents a novel strategy for combining DL-DNN with landscape architecture, providing a long-term solution to the problem of environmental pollution. Carbon dioxide levels are constantly checked when green plants are in and around the house. Plants, on either hand, remove toxins from the air, making it easier to maintain a healthy environment. Human-centered Artificial Intelligence-based web 4.0 may be used to assess and evaluate the data model. The study findings can be sent back into the design process for further modification and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiubo Chen
- Art College, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics , Guiyang , 550025 , China
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Prescott SL, Logan AC, Bristow J, Rozzi R, Moodie R, Redvers N, Haahtela T, Warber S, Poland B, Hancock T, Berman B. Exiting the Anthropocene: Achieving personal and planetary health in the 21st century. Allergy 2022; 77:3498-3512. [PMID: 35748742 PMCID: PMC10083953 DOI: 10.1111/all.15419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Planetary health provides a perspective of ecological interdependence that connects the health and vitality of individuals, communities, and Earth's natural systems. It includes the social, political, and economic ecosystems that influence both individuals and whole societies. In an era of interconnected grand challenges threatening health of all systems at all scales, planetary health provides a framework for cross-sectoral collaboration and unified systems approaches to solutions. The field of allergy is at the forefront of these efforts. Allergic conditions are a sentinel measure of environmental impact on human health in early life-illuminating how ecological changes affect immune development and predispose to a wider range of inflammatory noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This shows how adverse macroscale ecology in the Anthropocene penetrates to the molecular level of personal and microscale ecology, including the microbial systems at the foundations of all ecosystems. It provides the basis for more integrated efforts to address widespread environmental degradation and adverse effects of maladaptive urbanization, food systems, lifestyle behaviors, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Nature-based solutions and efforts to improve nature-relatedness are crucial for restoring symbiosis, balance, and mutualism in every sense, recognizing that both personal lifestyle choices and collective structural actions are needed in tandem. Ultimately, meaningful ecological approaches will depend on placing greater emphasis on psychological and cultural dimensions such as mindfulness, values, and moral wisdom to ensure a sustainable and resilient future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Prescott
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute at Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Alan C Logan
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ricardo Rozzi
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), University of Magallanes, Puerto Williams, Chile.,Philosophy and Religion, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Rob Moodie
- School of Population and Global Health (MSPGH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Nicole Redvers
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Warber
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Blake Poland
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Hancock
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Brian Berman
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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The Microbiome of the Built Environment: The Nexus for Urban Regeneration for the Cities of Tomorrow. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122311. [PMID: 36557564 PMCID: PMC9783557 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Built environments are, for most of us, our natural habitat. In the last 50 years, the built-up area has more than doubled, with a massive biodiversity loss. The undeniable benefits of a city providing all the basic needs to a growing population showed longer-term and less obvious costs to human health: autoimmune and non-communicable diseases, as well as antimicrobial resistance, have reached unprecedented and alarming levels. Humans coevolved with microbes, and this long-lasting alliance is affected by the loss of connection with natural environments, misuse of antibiotics, and highly sanitized environments. Our aim is to direct the focus onto the microbial communities harbored by the built environments we live in. They represent the nexus for urban regeneration, which starts from a healthy environment. Planning a city means considering, in a two-fold way, the ecosystem health and the multidimensional aspects of wellbeing, including social, cultural, and aesthetic values. The significance of this perspective is inspiring guidelines and strategies for the urban regeneration of the cities of tomorrow, exploiting the invaluable role of microbial biodiversity and the ecosystem services that it could provide to create the robust scientific knowledge that is necessary for a bioinformed design of buildings and cities for healthy and sustainable living.
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Research on the Predictive Analysis of Park Landscape Design and Cost Based on RNN Model. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2762554. [PMID: 36211005 PMCID: PMC9546668 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2762554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As people’s awareness of the environment gradually increases and their requirements for the comfort of living space become higher, landscape design has also ushered in a golden period of development. With the increasing investment in landscape construction in urban development, the area of park green space has been increasing. A park is a place that provides recreation and relaxation for the public. However, the mere pursuit of landscape quality and artistic effects without effective cost control will eventually lead to a rise in construction costs. Therefore, this study explores the main influencing factors that lead to high park landscape costs by analyzing the current development of park landscape design. Based on the comprehensive analysis, a park landscape cost prediction model based on recurrent neural networks is proposed in order to better control the construction costs of park landscapes. This study applies advanced deep learning technology to the project management of park landscapes, which effectively improves the accuracy of cost prediction. In addition, an artificial bee colony algorithm is introduced to update the weights of the recurrent neural network, resulting in a globally optimal ABC-RNN prediction model. The experimental results show that the proposed ABC-RNN prediction model has higher prediction accuracy and stability than the commonly used prediction models.
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Roslund MI, Parajuli A, Hui N, Puhakka R, Grönroos M, Soininen L, Nurminen N, Oikarinen S, Cinek O, Kramná L, Schroderus AM, Laitinen OH, Kinnunen T, Hyöty H, Sinkkonen A. A Placebo-controlled double-blinded test of the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases: Environmental microbial diversity elicits changes in cytokines and increase in T regulatory cells in young children. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113900. [PMID: 35930838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases, lack of microbiological diversity in the everyday living environment is a core reason for dysregulation of immune tolerance and - eventually - the epidemic of immune-mediated diseases in western urban populations. Despite years of intense research, the hypothesis was never tested in a double-blinded and placebo-controlled intervention trial. OBJECTIVE We aimed to perform the first placebo-controlled double-blinded test that investigates the effect of biodiversity on immune tolerance. METHODS In the intervention group, children aged 3-5 years were exposed to playground sand enriched with microbially diverse soil, or in the placebo group, visually similar, but microbially poor sand colored with peat (13 participants per treatment group). Children played twice a day for 20 min in the sandbox for 14 days. Sand, skin and gut bacterial, and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 14 days. Bacterial changes were followed for 28 days. Sand, skin and gut metagenome was determined by high throughput sequencing of bacterial 16 S rRNA gene. Cytokines were measured from plasma and the frequency of blood regulatory T cells was defined as a percentage of total CD3 +CD4 + T cells. RESULTS Bacterial richness (P < 0.001) and diversity (P < 0.05) were higher in the intervention than placebo sand. Skin bacterial community, including Gammaproteobacteria, shifted only in the intervention treatment to resemble the bacterial community in the enriched sand (P < 0.01). Mean change in plasma interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentration and IL-10 to IL-17A ratio supported immunoregulation in the intervention treatment compared to the placebo treatment (P = 0.02). IL-10 levels (P = 0.001) and IL-10 to IL-17A ratio (P = 0.02) were associated with Gammaproteobacterial community on the skin. The change in Treg frequencies was associated with the relative abundance of skin Thermoactinomycetaceae 1 (P = 0.002) and unclassified Alphaproteobacteria (P < 0.001). After 28 days, skin bacterial community still differed in the intervention treatment compared to baseline (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This is the first double-blinded placebo-controlled study to show that daily exposure to microbial biodiversity is associated with immune modulation in humans. The findings support the biodiversity hypothesis of immune-mediated diseases. We conclude that environmental microbiota may contribute to child health, and that adding microbiological diversity to everyday living environment may support immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja I Roslund
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki and Turku, Finland; Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Anirudra Parajuli
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Nan Hui
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Riikka Puhakka
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Mira Grönroos
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Laura Soininen
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Noora Nurminen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ondřej Cinek
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kramná
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Úvalu 84, Praha 5, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna-Mari Schroderus
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli H Laitinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuure Kinnunen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki and Turku, Finland.
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10
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Ecological Landscape Design and Evaluation in Public Charging Facilities for Electric Vehicles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:3010851. [PMID: 35815254 PMCID: PMC9259233 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The deterioration of the environment in the 21st century has made environmental issues one of the most severe tests for modern society. With this comes a change in energy structure from high-carbon to low-carbon direction, and electric vehicles are gradually developing into the darling of a city with low-carbon transportation and safe travel. This paper carries out a systematic analysis of landscape design and environmental protection in the development of new energy electric vehicle charging facilities in urban habitat. By categorizing the content and provisions of published domestic and international standards, new requirements for standardization are obtained, including barrier-free design, electromagnetic radiation, child safety protection, and urban landscape integration. Among them, ecological landscape public charging facilities can enhance the overall quality of urban environment. This paper analyzes the necessity of landscape design in charging facilities, explores the ecological concepts extended by macroscopic landscape design principles and the problems of public charging facilities, and proposes a design and evaluation method of ecologically landscaped public charging facilities based on hierarchical analysis and neural networks. The hierarchical analysis method is introduced to establish a landscape design assessment index system, and then a neural network is introduced to describe the characteristics of electric vehicle charging, and the landscape design assessment learning samples are trained to establish a landscape design assessment model. Finally, a comparison experiment is conducted with other landscape design assessment methods using specific examples, and the results show that the proposed method has more obvious advantages in ecological landscape public charging facility design assessment with high accuracy, faster landscape design assessment, charging efficiency, and environmental protection.
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11
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Choudoir MJ, Eggleston EM. Reciprocal Inclusion of Microbiomes and Environmental Justice Contributes Solutions to Global Environmental Health Challenges. mSystems 2022; 7:e0146221. [PMID: 35642845 PMCID: PMC9239259 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01462-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Generations of colonialism, industrialization, intensive agriculture, and anthropogenic climate change have radically altered global ecosystems and by extension, their environmental microbiomes. The environmental consequences of global change disproportionately burden racialized communities, those with lower socioeconomic status, and other systematically underserved populations. Environmental justice seeks to balance the relationships between environmental burden, beneficial ecosystem functions, and local communities. Given their direct links to human and ecosystem health, microbes are embedded within social and environmental justice. Considering scientific and technological advances is becoming an important step in developing actionable solutions to global equity challenges. Here we identify areas where inclusion of microbial knowledge and research can support planetary health goals. We offer guidelines for strengthening a reciprocal integration of environmental justice into environmental microbiology research. Microbes form intimate relationships with the environment and society, thus microbiologists have numerous and unique opportunities to incorporate equity into their research, teaching, and community engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory J. Choudoir
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Construction of a Landscape Design and Greenery Maintenance Scheduling System Based on Multimodal Intelligent Computing and Deep Neural Networks. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:8307398. [PMID: 35795728 PMCID: PMC9251076 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Digitalization brings challenges and new opportunities to the development of landscape gardening, “smart gardening,” which is a product of landscape gardening in response to the development of the digital era. Based on the multimodal intelligent computing method and deep neural network machine learning algorithm, this paper adopts “digital landscape design logic” to analyze and research smart gardens and digital design. The digital landscape design process and methods are discussed based on design logic, design basis, environment analysis, and results presentation, and the greenery maintenance scheduling system is constructed. The paper focuses on the digital implementation of the environmental analysis of the site and uses Rhino software and Grasshopper visual programming language to build parametric logic, establish parametric analysis models, and conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current environment. The main theme of the whole paper is a logical approach to digital landscape design for smart gardens, using digital technology tools from the perspective of smart garden thinking, combining quantitative analysis and qualitative design, and intervening in digital landscape garden planning and design to explore the application of digital technology and tools.
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13
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Liddicoat C, Krauss SL, Bissett A, Borrett RJ, Ducki LC, Peddle SD, Bullock P, Dobrowolski MP, Grigg A, Tibbett M, Breed MF. Next generation restoration metrics: Using soil eDNA bacterial community data to measure trajectories towards rehabilitation targets. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114748. [PMID: 35192978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In post-mining rehabilitation, successful mine closure planning requires specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound (SMART) completion criteria, such as returning ecological communities to match a target level of similarity to reference sites. Soil microbiota are fundamentally linked to the restoration of degraded ecosystems, helping to underpin ecological functions and plant communities. High-throughput sequencing of soil eDNA to characterise these communities offers promise to help monitor and predict ecological progress towards reference states. Here we demonstrate a novel methodology for monitoring and evaluating ecological restoration using three long-term (>25 year) case study post-mining rehabilitation soil eDNA-based bacterial community datasets. Specifically, we developed rehabilitation trajectory assessments based on similarity to reference data from restoration chronosequence datasets. Recognising that numerous alternative options for microbiota data processing have potential to influence these assessments, we comprehensively examined the influence of standard versus compositional data analyses, different ecological distance measures, sequence grouping approaches, eliminating rare taxa, and the potential for excessive spatial autocorrelation to impact on results. Our approach reduces the complexity of information that often overwhelms ecologically-relevant patterns in microbiota studies, and enables prediction of recovery time, with explicit inclusion of uncertainty in assessments. We offer a step change in the development of quantitative microbiota-based SMART metrics for measuring rehabilitation success. Our approach may also have wider applications where restorative processes facilitate the shift of microbiota towards reference states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Siegfried L Krauss
- Kings Park Science, Western Australia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Perth, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ryan J Borrett
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Luisa C Ducki
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Shawn D Peddle
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Mark P Dobrowolski
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Iluka Resources Limited, Perth, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Mark Tibbett
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Department of Sustainable Land Management & Soil Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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14
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Robinson JM, Redvers N, Camargo A, Bosch CA, Breed MF, Brenner LA, Carney MA, Chauhan A, Dasari M, Dietz LG, Friedman M, Grieneisen L, Hoisington AJ, Horve PF, Hunter A, Jech S, Jorgensen A, Lowry CA, Man I, Mhuireach G, Navarro-Pérez E, Ritchie EG, Stewart JD, Watkins H, Weinstein P, Ishaq SL. Twenty Important Research Questions in Microbial Exposure and Social Equity. mSystems 2022; 7:e0124021. [PMID: 35089060 PMCID: PMC8725600 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01240-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Social and political policy, human activities, and environmental change affect the ways in which microbial communities assemble and interact with people. These factors determine how different social groups are exposed to beneficial and/or harmful microorganisms, meaning microbial exposure has an important socioecological justice context. Therefore, greater consideration of microbial exposure and social equity in research, planning, and policy is imperative. Here, we identify 20 research questions considered fundamentally important to promoting equitable exposure to beneficial microorganisms, along with safeguarding resilient societies and ecosystems. The 20 research questions we identified span seven broad themes, including the following: (i) sociocultural interactions; (ii) Indigenous community health and well-being; (iii) humans, urban ecosystems, and environmental processes; (iv) human psychology and mental health; (v) microbiomes and infectious diseases; (vi) human health and food security; and (vii) microbiome-related planning, policy, and outreach. Our goal was to summarize this growing field and to stimulate impactful research avenues while providing focus for funders and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Robinson
- University of Sheffield, Department of Landscape Architecture, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Redvers
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | | | - Christina A. Bosch
- Department of Literacy, Early, Bilingual and Special Education, Kremen School of Education and Human Development, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Martin F. Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Lisa A. Brenner
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Megan A. Carney
- School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Ashvini Chauhan
- University of Arizona, School of Anthropology and Center for Regional Food Studies, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Leslie G. Dietz
- University of Oregon, Biology and the Built Environment Center, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael Friedman
- American International College of Arts and Sciences of Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda, West Indies
| | - Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Patrick F. Horve
- University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Ally Hunter
- Department of Student Development, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sierra Jech
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Anna Jorgensen
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ioana Man
- Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gwynne Mhuireach
- Department of Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Edauri Navarro-Pérez
- Program of Environmental Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Euan G. Ritchie
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin D. Stewart
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Watkins
- St. Andrews Botanic Garden, Canongate, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- Bio-integrated Design Lab, Bartlett School of Architecture, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Suzanne L. Ishaq
- University of Maine, School of Food and Agriculture, Orono, Maine, USA
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15
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Marczylo EL, Macchiarulo S, Gant TW. Metabarcoding of Soil Fungi from Different Urban Greenspaces Around Bournemouth in the UK. ECOHEALTH 2021; 18:315-330. [PMID: 34089413 PMCID: PMC8626400 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-021-01523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbes are important for public health. Increasing urbanisation is adversely affecting soil microbiota, which may be contributing to the global rise of immune-related diseases. Fungi are key components of urban environments that can be negatively impacted by altered land-use, land-management and climate change, and are implicated in the development and exacerbation of non-communicable diseases such as allergy, asthma and chronic inflammatory conditions. Fungal metagenomics is building knowledge on fungi within different environments (the environmental mycobiome), fungi on and within the human body (the human mycobiome), and their association with disease. Here, we demonstrate the added value of a multi-region metabarcoding approach to analyse soil mycobiomes from five urban greenspaces (lawns, parklands, bareground, young forest and old forest). While results were comparable across the three regions (ITS1, ITS2 and LSU), each identified additional fungal taxa that were unique to the region. Combining the results therefore provided a more comprehensive analysis across all fungal taxonomic ranks, identifying statistically significant differences in the fungal composition of the five soil types. Assignment of fungal taxa into ecological guilds revealed those differences of biological relevance to public health. The greatest differences were between the soil mycobiome of lawns and forests. Of most concern was the significant increase in the known human allergens Alternaria, Bipolaris, Cladosporium and Fusarium within urban lawn and parkland vs forest soils. By improving our understanding of local variations in fungal taxa across urban greenspaces, we have the potential to boost the health of local residents through improved urban planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Marczylo
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Sameirah Macchiarulo
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK
| | - Timothy W Gant
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK
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16
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Ta LDH, Tay CJX, Lay C, de Sessions PF, Tan CPT, Tay MJY, Lau HX, Zulkifli AB, Yap GC, Tham EH, Ho EXP, Goh AEN, Godfrey KM, Eriksson JG, Knol J, Gluckman PD, Chong YS, Chan JKY, Tan KH, Chong KW, Goh SH, Cheng ZR, Lee BW, Shek LPC, Loo EXL. Household environmental microbiota influences early-life eczema development. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7710-7722. [PMID: 34309161 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect of environmental microbiota exposure during preconception, pregnancy and postnatal life on development of allergy in the child has not been investigated so far. In the S-PRESTO (Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes) cohort, we collected house dust during all three critical window periods and analysed microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 6 and 18 months, the child was assessed for eczema by clinicians. In the eczema group, household environmental microbiota was characterized by presence of human-associated bacteria Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium at all time points, suggesting their possible contributions to regulating host immunity and increasing the susceptibility to eczema. In the home environment of the control group, putative protective effect of an environmental microbe Planomicrobium (Planococcaceae family) was observed to be significantly higher than that in the eczema group. Network correlation analysis demonstrated inverse relationships between beneficial Planomicrobium and human-associated bacteria (Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium). Exposure to natural environmental microbiota may be beneficial to modulate shed human-associated microbiota in an indoor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Duc Huy Ta
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carina Jing Xuan Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christophe Lay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Danone Nutricia Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paola Florez de Sessions
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Pei Ting Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Jia Yu Tay
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Xing Lau
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Atiqa Binte Zulkifli
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gaik Chin Yap
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth Huiwen Tham
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliza Xin Pei Ho
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Eng Neo Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Medical Research Council Life course Epidemiology Unit, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Wee Chong
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Hui Goh
- Allergy Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zai Ru Cheng
- Respiratory Medicine Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bee Wah Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Pei-Chi Shek
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn Xiu Ling Loo
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Brame JE, Liddicoat C, Abbott CA, Breed MF. The potential of outdoor environments to supply beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria to humans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 777:146063. [PMID: 33684759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Butyrate is an important mediator of human health and disease. The mechanisms of action of butyrate are becoming increasingly well-known. Many commensal bacteria that inhabit the human gut can synthesise butyrate, which is then absorbed into the human host. Simultaneously, several immune- and inflammatory-mediated diseases are being linked to insufficient exposure to beneficial microbes from our environment, including butyrate-producing bacteria. However, the role of outdoor environmental exposure to butyrate-producing bacteria remains poorly understood. Here we review the literature on the human exposure pathways to butyrate-producing bacteria, with a particular focus on outdoor environmental sources (e.g. associated with plants, plant-based residues, and soil), and the health implications of exposure to them. Emerging evidence suggests that environmental butyrate-producers may help supplement the human gut microbiota and represent an important component of the Biodiversity and Old Friends hypotheses. Improving our understanding of potential sources, precursors, and exposure pathways of environmental butyrate-producers that influence the gut microbiota and butyrate production offers promise to advance multiple disciplines of health and environmental science. We outline research priorities to address knowledge gaps in the outdoor environment-butyrate-health nexus and build knowledge of the potential pathways to help optimise exposure to human-beneficial butyrate-producing bacteria from the outdoor environment during childhood and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel E Brame
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Catherine A Abbott
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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18
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Robinson JM, Cando-Dumancela C, Antwis RE, Cameron R, Liddicoat C, Poudel R, Weinstein P, Breed MF. Exposure to airborne bacteria depends upon vertical stratification and vegetation complexity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9516. [PMID: 33947905 PMCID: PMC8096821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to biodiverse aerobiomes supports human health, but it is unclear which ecological factors influence exposure. Few studies have investigated near-surface green space aerobiome dynamics, and no studies have reported aerobiome vertical stratification in different urban green spaces. We used columnar sampling and next generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, combined with geospatial and network analyses to investigate urban green space aerobiome spatio-compositional dynamics. We show a strong effect of habitat on bacterial diversity and network complexity. We observed aerobiome vertical stratification and network complexity that was contingent on habitat type. Tree density, closer proximity, and canopy coverage associated with greater aerobiome alpha diversity. Grassland aerobiomes exhibited greater proportions of putative pathogens compared to scrub, and also stratified vertically. We provide novel insights into the urban ecosystem with potential importance for public health, whereby the possibility of differential aerobiome exposures appears to depend on habitat type and height in the airspace. This has important implications for managing urban landscapes for the regulation of aerobiome exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Robinson
- Department of Landscape Architecture, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network, NJ, 10704, USA.
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Christian Cando-Dumancela
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachael E Antwis
- School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, M5 4WX, UK
| | - Ross Cameron
- Department of Landscape Architecture, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Ravin Poudel
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32603, USA
| | - Philip Weinstein
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
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19
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Baruch Z, Liddicoat C, Cando-Dumancela C, Laws M, Morelli H, Weinstein P, Young JM, Breed MF. Increased plant species richness associates with greater soil bacterial diversity in urban green spaces. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110425. [PMID: 33157108 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The vegetation and soil microbiome within urban green spaces is increasingly managed to help conserve biodiversity and improve human health concurrently. However, the effects of green space management on urban soil ecosystems is poorly understood, despite their importance. Across 40 urban green spaces in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, we show that soil bacterial communities are strongly affected by urban green space type (incl. sport fields, community gardens, parklands and revegetated areas), and that plant species richness is positively associated with soil bacterial diversity. Importantly, these microbiome trends were not affected by geographic proximity of sample sites. Our results provide early evidence that urban green space management can have predictable effects on the soil microbiome, at least from a diversity perspective, which could prove important to inform policy development if urban green spaces are to be managed to optimise population health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Baruch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042 Australia
| | | | - Mark Laws
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Hamish Morelli
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Philip Weinstein
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Young
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042 Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042 Australia.
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20
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Robinson JM, Cando-Dumancela C, Liddicoat C, Weinstein P, Cameron R, Breed MF. Vertical Stratification in Urban Green Space Aerobiomes. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:117008. [PMID: 33236934 PMCID: PMC7687659 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to a diverse environmental microbiome is thought to play an important role in "educating" the immune system and facilitating competitive exclusion of pathogens to maintain human health. Vegetation and soil are key sources of airborne microbiota--the aerobiome. A limited number of studies have attempted to characterize the dynamics of near surface green space aerobiomes, and no studies to date have investigated these dynamics from a vertical perspective. Vertical stratification in the aerobiome could have important implications for public health and for the design, engineering, and management of urban green spaces. OBJECTIVES The primary objectives of this study were to: a) assess whether significant vertical stratification in bacterial species richness and evenness (alpha diversity) of the aerobiome occurred in a parkland habitat in Adelaide, South Australia; b) assess whether significant compositional differences (beta diversity) between sampling heights occurred; and c) to preliminarily assess whether there were significant altitudinal differences in potentially pathogenic and beneficial bacterial taxa. METHODS We combined an innovative columnar sampling method at soil level, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 m , using passive petri dish sampling to collect airborne bacteria. We used a geographic information system (GIS) to select study sites, and we used high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to assess whether significant vertical stratification of the aerobiome occurred. RESULTS Our results provide evidence of vertical stratification in both alpha and beta (compositional) diversity of airborne bacterial communities, with diversity decreasing roughly with height. We also found significant vertical stratification in potentially pathogenic and beneficial bacterial taxa. DISCUSSION Although additional research is needed, our preliminary findings point to potentially different exposure attributes that may be contingent on human height and activity type. Our results lay the foundations for further research into the vertical characteristics of urban green space aerobiomes and their implications for public health and urban planning. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake M Robinson
- Department of Landscape, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, New Jersey, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christian Cando-Dumancela
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig Liddicoat
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philip Weinstein
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
- School of Public Health and the Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ross Cameron
- Department of Landscape, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- The Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI), Adelaide, Australia
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Clarke LJ, Jones PJ, Ammitzboll H, Barmuta LA, Breed MF, Chariton A, Charleston M, Dakwa V, Dewi F, Eri R, Fountain-Jones NM, Freeman J, Kendal D, McDougal R, Raes EJ, Sow SLS, Staples T, Sutcliffe B, Vemuri R, Weyrich LS, Flies EJ. Mainstreaming Microbes across Biomes. Bioscience 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in the environment (i.e., environmental microbiomes) provide vital ecosystem services and affect human health. Despite their importance, public awareness of environmental microbiomes has lagged behind that of human microbiomes. A key problem has been a scarcity of research demonstrating the microbial connections across environmental biomes (e.g., marine, soil) and between environmental and human microbiomes. We show in the present article, through analyses of almost 10,000 microbiome papers and three global data sets, that there are significant taxonomic similarities in microbial communities across biomes, but very little cross-biome research exists. This disconnect may be hindering advances in microbiome knowledge and translation. In this article, we highlight current and potential applications of environmental microbiome research and the benefits of an interdisciplinary, cross-biome approach. Microbiome scientists need to engage with each other, government, industry, and the public to ensure that research and applications proceed ethically, maximizing the potential benefits to society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J Clarke
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and LJC is also affiliated with the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Australia
| | - Penelope J Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Hans Ammitzboll
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Leon A Barmuta
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Martin F Breed
- College of Scienceand Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia, and with the Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (www.HUMIglobal.org) in the United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Chariton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Vongai Dakwa
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Fera Dewi
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | | | - Jules Freeman
- Scion, part of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Dave Kendal
- Research Centre for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnology, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
- School of Technology, Environments, and Design, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rebecca McDougal
- Scion, part of the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd., Rotorua, New Zealand
| | - Eric J Raes
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia
| | - Swan Li San Sow
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, and LJC is also affiliated with the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, in Hobart, Australia
- Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Hobart, Australia
| | - Timothy Staples
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia, and with the School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. RV is also affiliated with the Department of Comparative Medicine, in the School of Medicine, at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, in Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brodie Sutcliffe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia, and with the Department of Anthropology at The Pennsylvania State University, in University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
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Robinson JM, Jorgensen A. Rekindling old friendships in new landscapes: The environment–microbiome–health axis in the realms of landscape research. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jake M. Robinson
- Department of Landscape University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- inVIVO Planetary Health Worldwide Universities Network (WUN) West New York NJ USA
- Healthy Urban Microbiome Initiative (HUMI) Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Anna Jorgensen
- Department of Landscape University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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