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Amorim CEG, Dasari M, Durgavich L, Hinde K, Kissel M, Lewton KL, Loewen T. Integrative approaches to dispersing science: A case study of March Mammal Madness. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34 Suppl 1:e23659. [PMID: 34358377 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Public engagement is increasingly viewed as an important pillar of scientific scholarship. For early career and established scholars, navigating the mosaic landscape of public education and science communication, noted for rapid "ecological" succession, can be daunting. Moreover, academics are characterized by diverse skills, motivations, values, positionalities, and temperaments that may differentially incline individuals to particular public translation activities. METHODS Here we briefly contextualize engagement activities within a scholarly portfolio, describe the use of one public education program-March Mammal Madness (MMM)- to highlight approaches to science communication, and explore essential elements and practical considerations for creating and sustaining outreach pursuits in tandem with other scholarly activities. RESULTS MMM, an annual simulated tournament of living and fossil animal taxa, has reached hundreds of thousands of learners since 2013. This program has provided a platform to communicate research findings from biology and anthropology and showcase numerous scholars in these fields. MMM has leveraged tournament devices to intentionally address topics of climate change, capitalist environmental degradation, academic sexism, and racist settler-colonialism. The tournament, however, has also perpetuated implicit biases that need disrupting. CONCLUSIONS By embracing reflexive, self-interrogative, and growth attitudes, the tournament organizers iteratively refine and improve this public science education program to better align our activities with our values and goals. Our experiences with MMM suggest that dispersing science is most sustainable when we combine ancestral adaptations for cooperation, community, and storytelling with good-natured competition in the context of shared experiences and shared values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Lara Durgavich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Marc Kissel
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristi L Lewton
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tisa Loewen
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Grieneisen L, Dasari M, Gould TJ, Björk JR, Grenier JC, Yotova V, Jansen D, Gottel N, Gordon JB, Learn NH, Gesquiere LR, Wango TL, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi L, Gilbert JA, Barreiro LB, Alberts SC, Tung J, Archie EA, Blekhman R. Gut microbiome heritability is nearly universal but environmentally contingent. Science 2021; 373:181-186. [PMID: 34244407 DOI: 10.1126/science.aba5483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Relatives have more similar gut microbiomes than nonrelatives, but the degree to which this similarity results from shared genotypes versus shared environments has been controversial. Here, we leveraged 16,234 gut microbiome profiles, collected over 14 years from 585 wild baboons, to reveal that host genetic effects on the gut microbiome are nearly universal. Controlling for diet, age, and socioecological variation, 97% of microbiome phenotypes were significantly heritable, including several reported as heritable in humans. Heritability was typically low (mean = 0.068) but was systematically greater in the dry season, with low diet diversity, and in older hosts. We show that longitudinal profiles and large sample sizes are crucial to quantifying microbiome heritability, and indicate scope for selection on microbiome characteristics as a host phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Trevor J Gould
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Johannes R Björk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Grenier
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Vania Yotova
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Neil Gottel
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jacob B Gordon
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Niki H Learn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Tim L Wango
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kenya.,The Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Physiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | - Long'ida Siodi
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kenya
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.,Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. .,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Duke Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. .,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Hinde K, Amorim CEG, Brokaw AF, Burt N, Casillas MC, Chen A, Chestnut T, Connors PK, Dasari M, Ditelberg CF, Dietrick J, Drew J, Durgavich L, Easterling B, Henning C, Hilborn A, Karlsson EK, Kissel M, Kobylecky J, Krell J, Lee DN, Lesciotto KM, Lewton KL, Light JE, Martin J, Murphy A, Nickley W, Núñez-de la Mora A, Pellicer O, Pellicer V, Perry AM, Schuttler SG, Stone AC, Tanis B, Weber J, Wilson M, Willcocks E, Anderson CN. March Mammal Madness and the power of narrative in science outreach. eLife 2021; 10:e65066. [PMID: 33616530 PMCID: PMC7899649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
March Mammal Madness is a science outreach project that, over the course of several weeks in March, reaches hundreds of thousands of people in the United States every year. We combine four approaches to science outreach - gamification, social media platforms, community event(s), and creative products - to run a simulated tournament in which 64 animals compete to become the tournament champion. While the encounters between the animals are hypothetical, the outcomes rely on empirical evidence from the scientific literature. Players select their favored combatants beforehand, and during the tournament scientists translate the academic literature into gripping "play-by-play" narration on social media. To date ~1100 scholarly works, covering almost 400 taxa, have been transformed into science stories. March Mammal Madness is most typically used by high-school educators teaching life sciences, and we estimate that our materials reached ~1% of high-school students in the United States in 2019. Here we document the intentional design, public engagement, and magnitude of reach of the project. We further explain how human psychological and cognitive adaptations for shared experiences, social learning, narrative, and imagery contribute to the widespread use of March Mammal Madness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, the Center for Evolution and Medicine, and the School of Sustainability, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Carlos Eduardo G Amorim
- Department of Biology, California State University NorthridgeNorthridgeUnited States
- Department of Computational Biology, University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alyson F Brokaw
- Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Nicole Burt
- Department of Human Health and Evolutionary Medicine, Cleveland Museum of Natural HistoryClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Albert Chen
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of BathBathUnited Kingdom
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Tara Chestnut
- National Park ServiceMount Rainier National ParkUnited States
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State UniversityCorvallisUnited States
| | - Patrice K Connors
- Department of Biological Sciences, Colorado Mesa UniversityGrand JunctionUnited States
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | | | | | - Josh Drew
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural HistorySyracuseUnited States
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseUnited States
| | - Lara Durgavich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, Tufts UniversityMedfordUnited States
| | | | | | - Anne Hilborn
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California RiversideRiversideUnited States
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Marc Kissel
- Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State UniversityBooneUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | | | - Jason Krell
- Center for Science and Imagination, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Danielle N Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University EdwardsvilleEdwardsvilleUnited States
| | - Kate M Lesciotto
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State UniversityHuntsvilleUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegeUnited States
| | - Kristi L Lewton
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Jessica E Light
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, the Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, and the Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolution, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Jessica Martin
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Asia Murphy
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUnited States
| | - William Nickley
- Department of Design, The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Anali Maughan Perry
- Engagement & Learning Services, ASU Library, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | | | - Anne C Stone
- Human Evolution and Social Change, the Center for Evolution, and Medicine, and the Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Brian Tanis
- Department of Biology, Oregon State University-CascadesBendUnited States
| | - Jesse Weber
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Melissa Wilson
- School of Life Sciences and the Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State UniversityTempeUnited States
| | - Emma Willcocks
- Department of Biology, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
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Levy EJ, Zipple MN, McLean E, Campos FA, Dasari M, Fogel AS, Franz M, Gesquiere LR, Gordon JB, Grieneisen L, Habig B, Jansen DJ, Learn NH, Weibel CJ, Altmann J, Alberts SC, Archie EA. A comparison of dominance rank metrics reveals multiple competitive landscapes in an animal society. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201013. [PMID: 32900310 PMCID: PMC7542799 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Across group-living animals, linear dominance hierarchies lead to disparities in access to resources, health outcomes and reproductive performance. Studies of how dominance rank predicts these traits typically employ one of several dominance rank metrics without examining the assumptions each metric makes about its underlying competitive processes. Here, we compare the ability of two dominance rank metrics—simple ordinal rank and proportional or ‘standardized’ rank—to predict 20 traits in a wild baboon population in Amboseli, Kenya. We propose that simple ordinal rank best predicts traits when competition is density-dependent, whereas proportional rank best predicts traits when competition is density-independent. We found that for 75% of traits (15/20), one rank metric performed better than the other. Strikingly, all male traits were best predicted by simple ordinal rank, whereas female traits were evenly split between proportional and simple ordinal rank. Hence, male and female traits are shaped by different competitive processes: males are largely driven by density-dependent resource access (e.g. access to oestrous females), whereas females are shaped by both density-independent (e.g. distributed food resources) and density-dependent resource access. This method of comparing how different rank metrics predict traits can be used to distinguish between different competitive processes operating in animal societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Levy
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Matthew N Zipple
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Emily McLean
- Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Oxford College of Emory University, 801 Emory Street, Oxford, GA 30054, USA
| | - Fernando A Campos
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Arielle S Fogel
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, 3 Genome Court, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mathias Franz
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Königin-Luise-Strasse 1-3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence R Gesquiere
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jacob B Gordon
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Laura Grieneisen
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, 420 Washington Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bobby Habig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Department of Biology, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, New York, NY 11367, USA
| | - David J Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Niki H Learn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Chelsea J Weibel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.,Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi 00502, Kenya
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5
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Björk JR, Dasari M, Grieneisen L, Archie EA. Primate microbiomes over time: Longitudinal answers to standing questions in microbiome research. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e22970. [PMID: 30941803 PMCID: PMC7193701 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, most insights into the processes shaping vertebrate gut microbiomes have emerged from studies with cross-sectional designs. While this approach has been valuable, emerging time series analyses on vertebrate gut microbiomes show that gut microbial composition can change rapidly from 1 day to the next, with consequences for host physical functioning, health, and fitness. Hence, the next frontier of microbiome research will require longitudinal perspectives. Here we argue that primatologists, with their traditional focus on tracking the lives of individual animals and familiarity with longitudinal fecal sampling, are well positioned to conduct research at the forefront of gut microbiome dynamics. We begin by reviewing some of the most important ecological processes governing microbiome change over time, and briefly summarizing statistical challenges and approaches to microbiome time series analysis. We then introduce five questions of general interest to microbiome science where we think field-based primate studies are especially well positioned to fill major gaps: (a) Do early life events shape gut microbiome composition in adulthood? (b) Do shifting social landscapes cause gut microbial change? (c) Are gut microbiome phenotypes heritable across variable environments? (d) Does the gut microbiome show signs of host aging? And (e) do gut microbiome composition and dynamics predict host health and fitness? For all of these questions, we highlight areas where primatologists are uniquely positioned to make substantial contributions. We review preliminary evidence, discuss possible study designs, and suggest future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes R Björk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Mauna Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
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6
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Perry BI, Cooray SE, Mendis J, Purandare K, Wijeratne A, Manjubhashini S, Dasari M, Esan F, Gunaratna I, Naseem RA, Hoare S, Chester V, Roy A, Devapriam J, Alexander R, Kwok HF. Problem behaviours and psychotropic medication use in intellectual disability: a multinational cross-sectional survey. J Intellect Disabil Res 2018; 62:140-149. [PMID: 29349928 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem behaviours (PBs) are a common cause for clinician contact in people with disorders of intellectual development and may be a common cause for the prescription of psychotropic medication. We aimed to use a large, multinational sample to define the prevalence of PBs, the associations with psychotropic medication use, and to assess for any potential 'diagnostic overshadowing' by the label of PBs in a population of people with disorders of intellectual development. METHOD A multinational, multi-setting, cross-sectional service evaluation and baseline audit was completed. Data were collected from UK hospitals, UK community settings, Sri Lanka and Hong Kong. A semi-structured questionnaire was completed by treating clinicians, capturing demographic details, prevalence rates of intellectual disability and psychotropic medication use, alongside psychiatric co-morbidity. RESULTS A sample size of 358 was obtained, with 65% of included participants treated in an inpatient setting. Psychotropic use was prevalent (90%) in our sample, particularly antipsychotics (74%). The prevalence of PB was high (83%). There was no statistically significant association between psychotropic prescription and recorded psychiatric co-morbidity, suggesting prevalent 'off-label' use for PBs, or poor recording of psychiatric co-morbidity. There was some evidence of possible diagnostic overshadowing due to the PB classification. A higher dose of psychotropic medication was associated with aggression toward others (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence of prevalent potential 'off-label' use for psychotropic medication, which may be due to PBs. We also found evidence of potential diagnostic-overshadowing, where symptoms of psychiatric co-morbidity may have been attributed to PBs. Our findings provide renewed importance, across borders and health systems, for clinicians to consider a holistic approach to treating PBs, and attempting to best understand the precipitants and predisposing factors before psychotropic prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B I Perry
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | | | - J Mendis
- National Institute of Mental Health, Angoda, Sri Lanka
| | - K Purandare
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Wijeratne
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Manjubhashini
- South West London and St Georges Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - M Dasari
- Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Driffield, UK
| | - F Esan
- Partnerships in Care, Diss, Diss, UK
| | | | | | - S Hoare
- Partnerships in Care, Diss, Diss, UK
| | - V Chester
- Partnerships in Care, Diss, Diss, UK
| | - A Roy
- Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - J Devapriam
- Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - H F Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai Shi, China
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Dasari M, Miller E, Puyana J. Implementation of an electronic surgical registry in a low-middle income
country: Assessing organizational readiness using the theoretical domains
framework approach. Ann Glob Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.04.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Goltsman DSA, Dasari M, Thomas BC, Shah MB, VerBerkmoes NC, Hettich RL, Banfield JF. New group in the Leptospirillum clade: cultivation-independent community genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics of the new species "Leptospirillum group IV UBA BS". Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5384-93. [PMID: 23645189 PMCID: PMC3753937 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00202-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirillum spp. are widespread members of acidophilic microbial communities that catalyze ferrous iron oxidation, thereby increasing sulfide mineral dissolution rates. These bacteria play important roles in environmental acidification and are harnessed for bioleaching-based metal recovery. Known members of the Leptospirillum clade of the Nitrospira phylum are Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (group I), Leptospirillum ferriphilum and "Leptospirillum rubarum" (group II), and Leptospirillum ferrodiazotrophum (group III). In the Richmond Mine acid mine drainage (AMD) system, biofilm formation is initiated by L. rubarum; L. ferrodiazotrophum appears in later developmental stages. Here we used community metagenomic data from unusual, thick floating biofilms to identify distinguishing metabolic traits in a rare and uncultivated community member, the new species "Leptospirillum group IV UBA BS." These biofilms typically also contain a variety of Archaea, Actinobacteria, and a few other Leptospirillum spp. The Leptospirillum group IV UBA BS species shares 98% 16S rRNA sequence identity and 70% average amino acid identity between orthologs with its closest relative, L. ferrodiazotrophum. The presence of nitrogen fixation and reverse tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle proteins suggest an autotrophic metabolism similar to that of L. ferrodiazotrophum, while hydrogenase proteins suggest anaerobic metabolism. Community transcriptomic and proteomic analyses demonstrate expression of a multicopper oxidase unique to this species, as well as hydrogenases and core metabolic genes. Results suggest that the Leptospirillum group IV UBA BS species might play important roles in carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, hydrogen metabolism, and iron oxidation in some acidic environments.
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Dasari M, Friedman L, Jesberger J, Stuve TA, Findling RL, Swales TP, Schulz SC. A magnetic resonance imaging study of thalamic area in adolescent patients with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder as compared to healthy controls. Psychiatry Res 1999; 91:155-62. [PMID: 10641579 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare thalamic size in adolescent patients with either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and healthy controls. T2-weighted axial magnetic resonance images were used to manually define the area of the thalamus for 20 schizophrenia patients, 15 bipolar patients and 16 normal control subjects, all of whom were adolescents. Two orthogonal planned contrasts were tested: Contrast 1, patients with schizophrenia vs. patients with bipolar disorder; and Contrast 2, both patient groups taken as a single group compared to controls. Contrast 1 was not statistically significant for right or left thalamic area. Contrast 2 was statistically significant and indicated reductions in thalamic area in the patients as compared to controls. The same pattern of results emerged after adjustment for total brain volume. Our results indicate that thalamic abnormalities reported in adult schizophrenic and bipolar patients are also observed in adolescent patients. Our findings also add to the evidence implicating the thalamus in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dasari
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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