1
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Rollins L, Khuu A, Bennett K. Event-related potentials during encoding coincide with subsequent forced-choice mnemonic discrimination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15859. [PMID: 38982127 PMCID: PMC11233557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Computational models and eye-tracking research suggest that encoding variability accounts for the reduced recognition of targets (A) when paired with non-corresponding lures (B') relative to corresponding lures (A'). The current study examined whether neural activity during learning coincided with subsequent performance on the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Event-related potential responses were collected during encoding while young adults completed A-B' and A-A' trials of the forced-choice MST. Consistent with previous research, performance was lower on A-B' trials than A-A' trials. The subsequent memory effect was not significant for the A-A' test format. However, for A-B' trials, we observed a significant Accuracy × Stimulus interaction 1000-1200 ms poststimulus onset across frontal and fronto-central electrodes. As hypothesized, subsequently correct A-B' trials were associated with a larger amplitude response at encoding to the target (A) than the original version of the non-corresponding lure (B). However, subsequently incorrect trials were associated with a larger amplitude response to the non-corresponding lure (B) than the target stimulus (A). These findings provide additional support for the effect of encoding variability on mnemonic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA.
| | - Alexis Khuu
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - Kaylee Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, 1 Avenue of the Arts, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
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2
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Kalisch R, Russo SJ, Müller MB. Neurobiology and systems biology of stress resilience. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1205-1263. [PMID: 38483288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress resilience is the phenomenon that some people maintain their mental health despite exposure to adversity or show only temporary impairments followed by quick recovery. Resilience research attempts to unravel the factors and mechanisms that make resilience possible and to harness its insights for the development of preventative interventions in individuals at risk for acquiring stress-related dysfunctions. Biological resilience research has been lagging behind the psychological and social sciences but has seen a massive surge in recent years. At the same time, progress in this field has been hampered by methodological challenges related to finding suitable operationalizations and study designs, replicating findings, and modeling resilience in animals. We embed a review of behavioral, neuroimaging, neurobiological, and systems biological findings in adults in a critical methods discussion. We find preliminary evidence that hippocampus-based pattern separation and prefrontal-based cognitive control functions protect against the development of pathological fears in the aftermath of singular, event-type stressors [as found in fear-related disorders, including simpler forms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)] by facilitating the perception of safety. Reward system-based pursuit and savoring of positive reinforcers appear to protect against the development of more generalized dysfunctions of the anxious-depressive spectrum resulting from more severe or longer-lasting stressors (as in depression, generalized or comorbid anxiety, or severe PTSD). Links between preserved functioning of these neural systems under stress and neuroplasticity, immunoregulation, gut microbiome composition, and integrity of the gut barrier and the blood-brain barrier are beginning to emerge. On this basis, avenues for biological interventions are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Kalisch
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
- Brain and Body Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Marianne B Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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3
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Ahmad FN, Tremblay S, Karkuszewski MD, Alvi M, Hockley WE. A conceptual-perceptual distinctiveness processing account of the superior recognition memory of pictures over environmental sounds. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:1555-1580. [PMID: 37705452 PMCID: PMC11181738 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231202986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have proposed a coarser or gist-based representation for sounds, whereas a more verbatim-based representation is retrieved from long-term memory to account for higher recognition performance for pictures. This study examined the mechanism for the recognition advantage for pictures. In Experiment 1A, pictures and sounds were presented in separate trials in a mixed list during the study phase and participants showed in a yes-no test, a higher proportion of correct responses for targets, exemplar foils categorically related to the target, and novel foils for pictures compared with sounds. In Experiment 1B, the picture recognition advantage was replicated in a two-alternative forced-choice test for the novel and exemplar foil conditions. For Experiment 2A, even when verbal labels (i.e., written labels) were presented for sounds during the study phase, a recognition advantage for pictures was shown for both targets and exemplar foils. Experiment 2B showed that the presence of written labels for sounds, during both the study and test phases did not eliminate the advantage of recognition of pictures in terms of correct rejection of exemplar foils. Finally, in two additional experiments, we examined whether the degree of similarity within pictures and sounds could account for the recognition advantage of pictures. The mean similarity rating for pictures was higher than the mean similarity rating for sounds in the exemplar test condition, whereas mean similarity rating for sounds was higher than pictures in the novel test condition. These results pose a challenge for some versions of distinctiveness accounts of the picture superiority effect. We propose a conceptual-perceptual distinctiveness processing account of recognition memory for pictures and sounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad N Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Savannah Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Marium Alvi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William E Hockley
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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4
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Wei H, Chen C, Di F, Sun C, Wang X, Sun M, Liu N, Zhang M, Li M, Zhang J, Zhang S, Liang X. PM 2.5-induced ferroptosis by Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway led to inflammation in microglia. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 352:124130. [PMID: 38729511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) has been a dominant contributor to air contamination, which will enter the central nervous system (CNS), causing neurotoxicity. However, the biological mechanism is poorly identified. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were applied to evaluate the neurotoxicity of collected fine particulate matter (PM2.5), via oropharyngeal aspiration at two ambient equivalent concentrations. The Y-maze results showed that PM2.5 exposure in mice would lead to the damage in hippocampal-dependent working memory. In addition, cell neuroinflammation, microglial activation were detected in hippocampus of PM2.5-exposure mice. To confirm the underlying mechanism, the microarray assay was conducted to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in microglia after PM2.5 exposure, and the results indicated the enrichment of DEGs in ferroptosis pathways. Furthermore, Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) was found to be one of the most remarkably upregulated genes after PM2.5 exposure for 24 h. And PM2.5 exposure induced ferroptosis with iron accumulation through heme degradation by Nrf2-mediated Hmox1 upregulation, which could be eliminated by Nrf2-inhibition. Meanwhile, Hmox1 antagonist zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) could protect BV2 cells from ferroptosis. The results taken together indicated that PM2.5 resulted in the ferroptosis by causing iron overload through Nrf2/Hmox1 signaling pathway, which could account for the inflammation in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Wei
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Fanglin Di
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Changhua Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xinzhi Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Natong Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Xue Liang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
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5
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Allinger J, Noulhiane M, Féménias D, Louvet B, Clua E, Bouyeure A, Lemaître F. Risk profiles of elite breath-hold divers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38899970 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2368718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine a typical profile of elite breath-hold divers (BHDs), in relation to loss of consciousness (LOC) and episodic memory. Forty-four BHDs were evaluated during a world championship with anthropometric and physiological measurements, psychosociological factors and memory assessment. Seventy-five percent of the BHDs had at least one LOC with the predominance being men (p < 0.05). Thirty six percent of BHDs presented a low-risk profile and 64% a high-risk profile with no particular psychological pattern. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that body fat, years of BH practice, age and forced vital capacity explained a significant amount of the variance of LOC for all BHDs (F(4,39) = 16.03, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.622, R2Adjusted = 0.583). No correlation was found between resting physiological parameters and their training or depth performances. In conclusion, anthropometric data, pulmonary factors and breath-holding experience were predictive of LOC in elite BHDs, with men taking more risks. BHDs episodic memory was not impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Allinger
- CETAPS EA 3832 Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- CEA-NeuroSpin UNIACT-Université Paris Saclay & Inserm U1181-InDev, Université Paris City, Paris, France
| | - Marion Noulhiane
- CEA-NeuroSpin UNIACT-Université Paris Saclay & Inserm U1181-InDev, Université Paris City, Paris, France
| | - Damien Féménias
- CETAPS EA 3832 Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Benoit Louvet
- CETAPS EA 3832 Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Eric Clua
- CRIOBE UAR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Moorea, Polynésie Française
| | - Antoine Bouyeure
- CEA-NeuroSpin UNIACT-Université Paris Saclay & Inserm U1181-InDev, Université Paris City, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Lemaître
- CETAPS EA 3832 Faculty of Sports Sciences, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
- CRIOBE UAR 3278, CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Moorea, Polynésie Française
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6
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Greene NR, Guitard D, Forsberg A, Cowan N, Naveh-Benjamin M. Working memory limitations constrain visual episodic long-term memory at both specific and gist levels of representation. Mem Cognit 2024:10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w. [PMID: 38839653 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-024-01593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Limitations in one's capacity to encode information in working memory (WM) constrain later access to that information in long-term memory (LTM). The present study examined whether these WM constraints on episodic LTM are limited to specific representations of past episodes or also extend to gist representations. Across three experiments, young adult participants (n = 40 per experiment) studied objects in set sizes of two or six items, either sequentially (Experiments 1a and 1b) or simultaneously (Experiment 2). They then completed old/new recognition tests immediately after each sequence (WM tests). After a long study phase, participants completed LTM conjoint recognition tests, featuring old but untested items from the WM phase, lures that were similar to studied items at gist but not specific levels of representation, and new items unrelated to studied items at both specific and gist levels of representation. Results showed that LTM estimates of specific and gist memory representations from a multinomial-processing-tree model were reduced for items encoded under supra-capacity set sizes (six items) relative to within-capacity set sizes (two items). These results suggest that WM encoding capacity limitations constrain episodic LTM at both specific and gist levels of representation, at least for visual objects. The ability to retrieve from LTM each type of representation for a visual item is contingent on the degree to which the item could be encoded in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Greene
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, 425 S. University Avenue, Levin Building Room 201, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Alicia Forsberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nelson Cowan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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7
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Mitchnick KA, Marlatte H, Belchev Z, Gao F, Rosenbaum RS. Differential contributions of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 subfield to mnemonic discrimination. Hippocampus 2024; 34:278-283. [PMID: 38501294 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that individual hippocampal subfields are preferentially involved in various memory-related processes. Here, we demonstrated dissociations in these memory processes in two unique individuals with near-selective bilateral damage within the hippocampus, affecting the dentate gyrus (DG) in case BL and the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subfield in case BR. BL was impaired in discriminating highly similar objects in memory (i.e., mnemonic discrimination) but exhibited preserved overall recognition of studied objects, regardless of similarity. Conversely, BR demonstrated impaired general recognition. These results provide evidence for the DG in discrimination processes, likely related to underlying pattern separation computations, and the CA1 in retention/retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Mitchnick
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Marlatte
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zorry Belchev
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Chen L, Liu J, Kang JB, Rosenberg-Lee M, Abrams DA, Menon V. Atypical pattern separation memory and its association with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors in autistic children. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:1503-1518. [PMID: 38263761 PMCID: PMC11132949 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231223354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Memory challenges remain understudied in childhood autism. Our study investigates one specific aspect of memory function, known as pattern separation memory, in autistic children. Pattern separation memory refers to the critical ability to store unique memories of similar stimuli; however, its role in childhood autism remains largely uncharted. Our study first uncovered that the pattern separation memory was significantly reduced in autistic children, and then showed that reduced memory performance was linked to their symptoms of repetitive, restricted interest and behavior. We also identified distinct subgroups with profiles of reduced and increased generalization for pattern separation memory. More than 72% of autistic children showed a tendency to reduce memory generalization, focusing heavily on unique details of objects for memorization. This focus made it challenging for them to identify commonalities across similar entities. Interestingly, a smaller proportion of autistic children displayed an opposite pattern of increased generalization, marked by challenges in differentiating between similar yet distinct objects. Our findings advance the understanding of memory function in autism and have practical implications for devising personalized learning strategies that align with the unique memory patterns exhibited by autistic children. This study will be of broad interest to researchers in psychology, psychiatry, and brain development as well as teachers, parents, clinicians, and the wider public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
- Neuroscience Program, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Julia Boram Kang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Miriam Rosenberg-Lee
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Daniel A. Abrams
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences
- Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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9
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Vanderlip CR, Stark CE. Digital cognitive assessments as low-burden markers for predicting future cognitive decline and tau accumulation across the Alzheimer's spectrum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.595638. [PMID: 38826456 PMCID: PMC11142177 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.595638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Digital cognitive assessments, particularly those that can be done at home, present as low burden biomarkers for participants and patients alike, but their effectiveness in diagnosis of Alzheimer's or predicting its trajectory is still unclear. Here, we assessed what utility or added value these digital cognitive assessments provide for identifying those at high risk for cognitive decline. We analyzed >500 ADNI participants who underwent a brief digital cognitive assessment and Aβ/tau PET scans, examining their ability to distinguish cognitive status and predict cognitive decline. Performance on the digital cognitive assessment were superior to both cortical Aβ and entorhinal tau in detecting mild cognitive impairment and future cognitive decline, with mnemonic discrimination deficits emerging as the most critical measure for predicting decline and future tau accumulation. Digital assessments are effective in identifying at-risk individuals, supporting their utility as low-burden tools for early Alzheimer's detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. Vanderlip
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III Irvine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697 USA
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III Irvine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697 USA
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10
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Waddington EE, Allison DJ, Calabrese EM, Pekos C, Lee A, Walsh JJ, Heisz JJ. Orienteering combines vigorous-intensity exercise with navigation to improve human cognition and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303785. [PMID: 38776348 PMCID: PMC11111042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise enhances aspects of human cognition, but its intensity may matter. Recent animal research suggests that vigorous exercise, which releases greater amounts of lactate, activates more brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and, thus, may be optimal for supporting cognitive function. The cognitive benefits of exercise may be further augmented when combined with cognitive training. The sport of orienteering simultaneously combines exercise with spatial navigation and, therefore, may result in greater cognitive benefits than exercising only, especially at vigorous intensities. The present study aimed to examine the effects of an acute bout of orienteering at different intensities on cognition and BDNF compared to exercising only. We hypothesized that vigorous-intensity orienteering would increase lactate and BDNF and improve cognition more than moderate-intensity orienteering or vigorous exercise alone. Sixty-three recreationally active, healthy young adults (Mage = 21.10±2.75 years) with no orienteering experience completed a 1.3 km intervention course by navigating and exercising at a vigorous (80-85% of heart rate reserve) or moderate (40-50% of heart rate reserve) intensity or exercising vigorously without navigation. Exercise intensity was monitored using peak lactate, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Serum BDNF was extracted immediately before and after the intervention. Memory was assessed using the Mnemonic Similarity Task (high-interference memory) and the Groton Maze Learning Test (spatial memory). Both exercising and orienteering at a vigorous intensity elicited greater peak lactate and increases in BDNF than moderate-intensity orienteering, and individuals with higher peak lactate also had greater increases in BDNF. High-interference memory improved after both vigorous-intensity interventions but did not improve after the moderate-intensity intervention. Spatial memory only increased after vigorous-intensity orienteering, suggesting that orienteering at a vigorous intensity may particularly benefit spatial cognition. Overall, the results demonstrate the benefits of vigorous exercise on human cognition and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Waddington
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J. Allison
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emilie M. Calabrese
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cara Pekos
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrienne Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy J. Walsh
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer J. Heisz
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Zhou J, Wearn A, Huck J, Hughes C, Baracchini G, Tremblay-Mercier J, Poirier J, Villeneuve S, Tardif CL, Chakravarty MM, Daugherty AM, Gauthier CJ, Turner GR, Spreng RN. Iron Deposition and Distribution Across the Hippocampus Is Associated with Pattern Separation and Pattern Completion in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1973232024. [PMID: 38388425 PMCID: PMC11079967 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1973-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated iron deposition in the brain has been observed in older adult humans and persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and has been associated with lower cognitive performance. We investigated the impact of iron deposition, and its topographical distribution across hippocampal subfields and segments (anterior, posterior) measured along its longitudinal axis, on episodic memory in a sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults at elevated familial risk for AD (N = 172, 120 females, 52 males; mean age = 68.8 ± 5.4 years). MRI-based quantitative susceptibility maps were acquired to derive estimates of hippocampal iron deposition. The Mnemonic Similarity Task was used to measure pattern separation and pattern completion, two hippocampally mediated episodic memory processes. Greater hippocampal iron load was associated with lower pattern separation and higher pattern completion scores, both indicators of poorer episodic memory. Examination of iron levels within hippocampal subfields across its long axis revealed topographic specificity. Among the subfields and segments investigated here, iron deposition in the posterior hippocampal CA1 was the most robustly and negatively associated with the fidelity memory representations. This association remained after controlling for hippocampal volume and was observed in the context of normal performance on standard neuropsychological memory measures. These findings reveal that the impact of iron load on episodic memory performance is not uniform across the hippocampus. Both iron deposition levels as well as its spatial distribution, must be taken into account when examining the relationship between hippocampal iron and episodic memory in older adults at elevated risk for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alfie Wearn
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julia Huck
- Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1G 1E4, Canada
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Lab (SCIL), Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 0A5, Canada
| | - Colleen Hughes
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Giulia Baracchini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | | | - Judes Poirier
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Christine Lucas Tardif
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Ana M Daugherty
- Department of Psychology and Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Claudine J Gauthier
- Physics Department, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Gary R Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
- StoP-AD Centre, Douglas Mental Health Institute Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
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12
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Al-Bakry D, Athaide CE, Pathmarajan R, Kuhn T, Middleton LE, Au JS. Short-term vascular responses to spring and fall daylight savings time shifts. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H1138-H1145. [PMID: 38426867 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00034.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Daylight saving time (DST) is a Western biannual time transition, setting the clock back 1 h in the fall and forward 1 h in the spring. There is an epidemiological link between DST and acute myocardial infarction risk in the first week following the spring shift; however, the mechanisms underlying the effect of DST on cardiovascular function remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the short-term cardiovascular changes induced by fall and spring shifts in DST in a convenience sample of healthy adults. We hypothesized that spring, but not fall, DST shifts would acutely increase central pulse wave velocity, the gold standard measurement of central arterial stiffness. Twenty-one individuals (fall: n = 10; spring: n = 11) participated in four visits, occurring 1 wk before and at +1, +3, and +5 days after spring and fall time transitions. Central, brachial, and radial pulse wave velocity as well as carotid augmentation index were assessed with applanation tonometry. Sleep quality and memory function were assessed via questionnaire and the Mnemonic Similarities Task, respectively. Neither fall or spring transition resulted in changes to cardiovascular variables (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, carotid-brachial pulse wave velocity, carotid-radial pulse wave velocity, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, or augmentation index), sleep quality, or cognitive function (all P > 0.05). Our findings do not provide evidence that DST shifts influence cardiovascular outcomes in healthy adults. This study emphasizes the need for further research to determine the mechanisms of increased cardiovascular disease risk with DST that help explain epidemiological trends.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The debate of whether to abolish daylight savings time (DST) is, in part, motivated by the population-level increase in all-cause mortality and incidence of cardiovascular events following DST; however, there is an absence of data to support a physiological basis for risk. We found no changes in pulse wave velocity or augmentation index during the subacute window of DST. Large multisite trials are necessary to address the small, but meaningful, effects brought on by a societal event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Al-Bakry
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Chloe E Athaide
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Rishiga Pathmarajan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Tara Kuhn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Laura E Middleton
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Jason S Au
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Webler RD, Morales Carrasco C, Cooper SE, Chen M, Hunt CO, Hennessy S, Cao L, Lam C, Chiu A, Differding C, Todd E, Hendrickson TJ, Oathes DJ, Widge AS, Hermosillo RJ, Nelson SM, Fair DA, Lissek SM, Nahas Z. Causally Probing the Role of the Hippocampus in Fear Discrimination: A Precision Functional Mapping-Guided, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study in Participants With Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100309. [PMID: 38690260 PMCID: PMC11059300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fear overgeneralization is a promising pathogenic mechanism of clinical anxiety. A dominant model posits that hippocampal pattern separation failures drive overgeneralization. Hippocampal network-targeted transcranial magnetic stimulation (HNT-TMS) has been shown to strengthen hippocampal-dependent learning/memory processes. However, no study has examined whether HNT-TMS can alter fear learning/memory. Methods Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered to individualized left posterior parietal stimulation sites derived via seed-based connectivity, precision functional mapping, and electric field modeling methods. A vertex control site was also stimulated in a within-participant, randomized controlled design. Continuous theta burst stimulation was delivered prior to 2 visual discrimination tasks (1 fear based, 1 neutral). Multilevel models were used to model and test data. Participants were undergraduates with posttraumatic stress symptoms (final n = 25). Results Main analyses did not indicate that HNT-TMS strengthened discrimination. However, multilevel interaction analyses revealed that HNT-TMS strengthened fear discrimination in participants with lower fear sensitization (indexed by responses to a control stimulus with no similarity to the conditioned fear cue) across multiple indices (anxiety ratings: β = 0.10, 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.17, p = .001; risk ratings: β = 0.07, 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13, p = .037). Conclusions Overgeneralization is an associative process that reflects deficient discrimination of the fear cue from similar cues. In contrast, sensitization reflects nonassociative responding unrelated to fear cue similarity. Our results suggest that HNT-TMS may selectively sharpen fear discrimination when associative response patterns, which putatively implicate the hippocampus, are more strongly engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Webler
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Samuel E. Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Christopher O. Hunt
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Sierra Hennessy
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lancy Cao
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Carol Lam
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Allen Chiu
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cash Differding
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erin Todd
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Timothy J. Hendrickson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Desmond J. Oathes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alik S. Widge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robert J.M. Hermosillo
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven M. Nelson
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Damien A. Fair
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Shmuel M. Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ziad Nahas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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14
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Cho I, Leger KR, Valoumas I, Mair RW, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Effects of Age on Cross-Cultural Differences in the Neural Correlates of Memory Retrieval. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.25.591227. [PMID: 38712235 PMCID: PMC11071622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.591227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Culture can shape memory, but little research investigates age effects. The present study examines the neural correlates of memory retrieval for old, new, and similar lures in younger and older Americans and Taiwanese. Results show that age and culture impact discrimination of old from new items. Taiwanese performed worse than Americans, with age effects more pronounced for Taiwanese. Americans activated the hippocampus for new more than old items, but pattern of activity for the conditions did not differ for Taiwanese, nor did it interact with age. The engagement of left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) differed across cultures. Patterns of greater activity for old (for Americans) or new (for Taiwanese) items were eliminated with age, particularly for older Americans. The results are interpreted as reflecting cultural differences in orientation to novelty vs. familiarity for younger, but not older, adults, with the LIFG supporting interference resolution at retrieval. Support is not as strong for cultural differences in pattern separation processes. Although Americans had higher levels of memory discrimination than Taiwanese and engaged the LIFG for correct rejections more than false alarms, the patterns of behavior and neural activity did not interact with culture and age. Neither culture nor age impacted hippocampal activity, which is surprising given the region's role in pattern separation. The findings suggest ways in which cultural life experiences and concomitant information processing strategies can contribute to consistent effects of age across cultures or contribute to different trajectories with age in terms of memory.
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Madanlal D, Guinard C, Nuñez VP, Becker S, Garnham J, Khayachi A, Léger S, O'Donovan C, Singh S, Stern S, Slaney C, Trappenberg T, Alda M, Nunes A. A pilot study examining the impact of lithium treatment and responsiveness on mnemonic discrimination in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:49-57. [PMID: 38280568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mnemonic discrimination (MD), the ability to discriminate new stimuli from similar memories, putatively involves dentate gyrus pattern separation. Since lithium may normalize dentate gyrus functioning in lithium-responsive bipolar disorder (BD), we hypothesized that lithium treatment would be associated with better MD in lithium-responsive BD patients. METHODS BD patients (N = 69; NResponders = 16 [23 %]) performed the Continuous Visual Memory Test (CVMT), which requires discriminating between novel and previously seen images. Before testing, all patients had prophylactic lithium responsiveness assessed over ≥1 year of therapy (with the Alda Score), although only thirty-eight patients were actively prescribed lithium at time of testing (55 %; 12/16 responders, 26/53 nonresponders). We then used computational modelling to extract patient-specific MD indices. Linear models were used to test how (A) lithium treatment, (B) lithium responsiveness via the continuous Alda score, and (C) their interaction, affected MD. RESULTS Superior MD performance was associated with lithium treatment exclusively in lithium-responsive patients (Lithium x AldaScore β = 0.257 [SE 0.078], p = 0.002). Consistent with prior literature, increased age was associated with worse MD (β = -0.03 [SE 0.01], p = 0.005). LIMITATIONS Secondary pilot analysis of retrospectively collected data in a cross-sectional design limits generalizability. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to examine MD performance in BD. Lithium is associated with better MD performance only in lithium responders, potentially due to lithium's effects on dentate gyrus granule cell excitability. Our results may influence the development of behavioural probes for dentate gyrus neuronal hyperexcitability in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanyaasri Madanlal
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christian Guinard
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Vanessa Pardo Nuñez
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Suzanna Becker
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Garnham
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Léger
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Claire O'Donovan
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Selena Singh
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Israel
| | - Claire Slaney
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Thomas Trappenberg
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Bodensohn L, Maurer A, Daamen M, Upadhyay N, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio U, Manunzio C, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Inverted U-shape-like functional connectivity alterations in cognitive resting-state networks depending on exercise intensity: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106156. [PMID: 38613926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute physical activity influences cognitive performance. However, the relationship between exercise intensity, neural network activity, and cognitive performance remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive performance. Twenty male athletes (27.3 ± 3.6 years) underwent cycling exercises of different intensities (high, low, rest/control) on different days in randomized order. Before and after, subjects performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a behavioral Attention Network Test (ANT). Independent component analysis and Linear mixed effects models examined rsFC changes within ten resting-state networks. No significant changes were identified in ANT performance. Resting-state analyses revealed a significant interaction in the Left Frontoparietal Network, driven by a non-significant rsFC increase after low-intensity and a significant rsFC decrease after high-intensity exercise, suggestive of an inverted U-shape relationship between exercise intensity and rsFC. Similar but trend-level rsFC interactions were observed in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and the Cerebellar Basal Ganglia Network. Explorative correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between rsFC increases in the right superior parietal lobule (part of DAN) and better ANT orienting in the low-intensity condition. Results indicate exercise intensity-dependent subacute rsFC changes in cognition-related networks, but their cognitive-behavioral relevance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 81, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 74, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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17
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Lohaus M, Maurer A, Upadhyay N, Daamen M, Bodensohn L, Werkhausen J, Manunzio C, Manunzio U, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Differential modulation of resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and precuneus after acute physical exertion of varying intensity: indications for a role in affective regulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1349477. [PMID: 38646163 PMCID: PMC11027744 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1349477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity influences psychological well-being. This study aimed to determine the impact of exercise intensity on psychological well-being and alterations in emotion-related brain functional connectivity (FC). Methods Twenty young, healthy, trained athletes performed a low- and high-intensity interval exercise (LIIE and HIIE) as well as a control condition in a within-subject crossover design. Before and after each condition, Positive And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was assessed as well as resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Voxel-wise FC was examined for bilateral amygdala seed region to whole-brain and emotion-related anatomical regions (e.g., insula, temporal pole, precuneus). Data analyses were performed using linear mixed-effect models with fixed factors condition and time. Results The PANAS Positive Affect scale showed a significant increase after LIIE and HIIE and a significant reduction in Negative Affect after the control condition. In rs-fMRI, no significant condition-by-time interactions were observed between the amygdala and whole brain. Amygdala-precuneus FC analysis showed an interaction effect, suggesting reduced post-exercise anticorrelation after the control condition, but stable, or even slightly enhanced anticorrelation for the exercise conditions, especially HIIE. Discussion In conclusion, both LIIE and HIIE had positive effects on mood and concomitant effects on amygdala-precuneus FC, particularly after HIIE. Although no significant correlations were found between amygdala-precuneus FC and PANAS, results should be discussed in the context of affective disorders in whom abnormal amygdala-precuneus FC has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Joss D, Teicher MH, Lazar SW. Beneficial effects of mindfulness-based intervention on hippocampal volumes and episodic memory for childhood adversity survivors. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2024; 16:100769. [PMID: 38737193 PMCID: PMC11086948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) has detrimental impacts on neural development, especially hippocampal morphometry. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBI) has been shown to induce adaptive hippocampal changes especially at the subiculum. The present study aims to investigate the effects of MBI on subiculum volumes among ACE survivors, as well as the effects on episodic memory as a probe into hippocampal functionality. Methods We analyzed anatomical MRI data and performance indices from an episodic memory task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) collected from a randomized controlled longitudinal study that compared an 8-week MBI (N = 20) to an active control condition of Stress Management Education (SME) (N = 19). FreeSurfer 6.0 was used for automated hippocampal subfield segmentation and volumetric estimation. Results Significant group differences were observed with the volumetric changes of the right whole hippocampus and right subiculum. Only the MBI group showed improved pattern separation capability from MST, which was associated with stress reduction and right subiculum volumetric changes. Limitations Modest sample size. MST task was performed outside of MRI. Conclusions These findings suggest beneficial effects of MBI for hippocampal volumes and episodic memory, while highlighting the importance of the subiculum for MBI-induced neural and cognitive changes. The subiculum's known role in inhibitory control was interpreted as a potential mechanism for it to exhibit MBI-induced volumetric changes, which sheds light on the potential neural underpinnings of mindfulness meditation for reducing stress reactivity among ACE survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Joss
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Martin H. Teicher
- Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Sara W. Lazar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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19
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Dohm-Hansen S, English JA, Lavelle A, Fitzsimons CP, Lucassen PJ, Nolan YM. The 'middle-aging' brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:259-272. [PMID: 38508906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Middle age has historically been an understudied period of life compared to older age, when cognitive and brain health decline are most pronounced, but the scope for intervention may be limited. However, recent research suggests that middle age could mark a shift in brain aging. We review emerging evidence on multiple levels of analysis indicating that midlife is a period defined by unique central and peripheral processes that shape future cognitive trajectories and brain health. Informed by recent developments in aging research and lifespan studies in humans and animal models, we highlight the utility of modeling non-linear changes in study samples with wide subject age ranges to distinguish life stage-specific processes from those acting linearly throughout the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dohm-Hansen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aonghus Lavelle
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Brain Plasticity Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Brain Plasticity Group, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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20
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Loprinzi PD, Caplan JB. Lack of effects of acute exercise intensity on mnemonic discrimination. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024:17470218241238881. [PMID: 38424033 DOI: 10.1177/17470218241238881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is thought to support episodic memory by pattern separation, thereby supporting the ability to discriminate high similarity items. Past research evaluating whether acute exercise can improve mnemonic discrimination of high similarity items is mixed. The present experiment attempts to extend these prior mixed findings by evaluating the effects of multiple exercise intensities on hippocampal-dependent, mnemonic discrimination and memory performance. Fifty-seven young adults completed a three-condition (control, moderate-intensity, and vigorous-intensity), within-subjects crossover pretest-posttest comparison. We observed no effects of acute exercise on recognition memory or mnemonic discrimination. We discuss the implications of these null findings with the broader literature by discussing the complexity of this potential exercise-mnemonic discrimination relationship, including the unique role of exercise intensity, differences in the level of processing (e.g., conceptual vs. perceptual), and unique brain regions involved in mnemonic discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Jeremy B Caplan
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Vanderlip C, Lee MD, Stark CE. Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.07.584012. [PMID: 38559159 PMCID: PMC10979889 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.07.584012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
AD related pathologies, such as beta-amyloid (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau), are evident decades before any noticeable decline in memory occurs. Identifying individuals during this asymptomatic phase is crucial for timely intervention. The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST), a modified recognition memory task, is especially relevant for early AD screening, as it assesses hippocampal integrity, a region affected (both directly and indirectly) early in the progression of the disease. Further, strong inferences on the underlying cognitive mechanisms that support performance on this task can be made using Bayesian cognitive modeling. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a cognitive model could detect subtle changes in cognitive function and AD biomarker status prior to overt cognitive decline. We analyzed MST data from >200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults, and individuals with MCI), a subset of which also had existing CSF Aβ and pTau data. Traditional performance scores and cognitive modeling using multinomial processing trees was applied to each participants MST data using Bayesian approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, Aβ/pTau status using ROC analyses. Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but cognitive modeling approaches exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons. This work establishes that cognitive modeling of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for both screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Vanderlip
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine
| | - Michael D. Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine
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22
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Boecker H, Daamen M, Kunz L, Geiß M, Müller M, Neuss T, Henschel L, Stirnberg R, Upadhyay N, Scheef L, Martin JA, Stöcker T, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Axmacher N, Maurer A. Hippocampal subfield plasticity is associated with improved spatial memory. Commun Biol 2024; 7:271. [PMID: 38443439 PMCID: PMC10914736 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise studies are generally underrepresented in young adulthood. Seventeen subjects were randomized into an intervention group (24.2 ± 3.9 years; 3 trainings/week) and 10 subjects into a passive control group (23.7 ± 4.2 years), over a duration of 6 months. Every two months, performance diagnostics, computerized spatial memory tests, and 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging were conducted. Here we find that the intervention group, compared to controls, showed increased cardiorespiratory fitness, spatial memory performance and subregional hippocampal volumes over time. Time-by-condition interactions occurred in right cornu ammonis 4 body and (trend only) dentate gyrus, left hippocampal tail and left subiculum. Increases in spatial memory performance correlated with hippocampal body volume changes and, subregionally, with left subicular volume changes. In conclusion, findings support earlier reports of exercise-induced subregional hippocampal volume changes. Such exercise-related plasticity may not only be of interest for young adults with clinical disorders of hippocampal function, but also for sedentary normal cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Geiß
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Moritz Müller
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Neuss
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Leonie Henschel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Stirnberg
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheef
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason A Martin
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tony Stöcker
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1/99, 53127, Bonn, Germany
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23
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Lauzon C, Chiasso D, Rabin JS, Ciaramelli E, Rosenbaum RS. Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Does Not Play a Selective Role in Pattern Separation. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:435-446. [PMID: 38060255 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans have the capacity to form new memories of events that are, at times, highly similar to events experienced in the past, as well as the capacity to integrate and associate new information within existing knowledge structures. The former process relies on mnemonic discrimination and is believed to depend on hippocampal pattern separation, whereas the latter is believed to depend on generalization signals and conceptual categorization supported by the neocortex. Here, we examine whether and how the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) supports discrimination and generalization on a widely used task that was primarily designed to tax hippocampal processes. Ten individuals with lesions to the vMPFC and 46 neurotypical control participants were administered an adapted version of the mnemonic similarity task [Stark, S. M., Yassa, M. A., Lacy, J. W., & Stark, C. E. L. A task to assess behavioral pattern separation (BPS) in humans: Data from healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 51, 2442-2449, 2013], which assesses the ability to distinguish previously learned images of everyday objects (targets) from unstudied, highly similar images (lures) and dissimilar images (foils). Relative to controls, vMPFC-lesioned individuals showed intact discrimination of lures from targets but a propensity to mistake studied targets and similar lures for dissimilar foils. This pattern was accompanied by inflated confidence despite low accuracy when responding to similar lures. These findings demonstrate a more general role of the vMPFC in memory retrieval, rather than a specific role in supporting pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lauzon
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Chiasso
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- University of Toronto, Canada
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Ciaramelli
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Italy
- Department of Psychology 'Renzo Canestrari', University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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24
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Yu S, Zhang Z, Qin Z, Liu M, Zhao X, Cheng Y, Xue P, Wang X, Chen L, Wu Q, Ju L, Tang J. Prenatal diesel exhaust exposure alters hippocampal synaptic plasticity in offspring. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4348-4362. [PMID: 38431308 PMCID: PMC10968710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are major air pollutants emitted from automobile engines. Prenatal exposure to DEPs has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. However, the specific mechanism by DEPs impair the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the offspring remains unclear. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were administered DEPs solution via the tail vein every other day for a total of 10 injections, then the male offsprings were studied to assess learning and memory by the Morris water maze. Additionally, protein expression in the hippocampus, including CPEB3, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, NR2B), PKA, SYP, PSD95, and p-CREB was analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The alterations in the histomorphology of the hippocampus were observed in male offspring on postnatal day 7 following prenatal exposure to DEPs. Furthermore, 8-week-old male offspring exposed to DEPs during prenatal development exhibited impairments in the Morris water maze test, indicating deficits in learning and memory. Mechanistically, the findings from our study indicate that exposure to DEPs during pregnancy may alter the expression of CPEB3, SYP, PSD95, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), PKA, and p-CREB in the hippocampus of both immature and mature male offspring. The results offer evidence for the role of the NMDAR/PKA/CREB and CPEB3 signaling pathway in mediating the learning and memory toxicity of DEPs in male offspring mice. The alterations in signaling pathways may contribute to the observed damage to synaptic structure and transmission function plasticity caused by DEPs. The findings hold potential for informing future safety assessments of DEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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25
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Boecker H, Daamen M, Maurer A, Bodensohn L, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio C, Manunzio U, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Dukart J, Upadhyay N. Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations associated with μ-opioid and dopamine receptor distributions in the central nervous system after high-intensity exercise bouts. FRONTIERS IN NEUROIMAGING 2024; 3:1332384. [PMID: 38455686 PMCID: PMC10917966 DOI: 10.3389/fnimg.2024.1332384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Dopaminergic, opiod and endocannabinoid neurotransmission are thought to play an important role in the neurobiology of acute exercise and, in particular, in mediating positive affective responses and reward processes. Recent evidence indicates that changes in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (zfALFF) in resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) may reflect changes in specific neurotransmitter systems as tested by means of spatial correlation analyses. Methods Here, we investigated this relationship at different exercise intensities in twenty young healthy trained athletes performing low-intensity (LIIE), high-intensity (HIIE) interval exercises, and a control condition on three separate days. Positive And Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scores and rs-fMRI were acquired before and after each of the three experimental conditions. Respective zfALFF changes were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVAs. We examined the spatial correspondence of changes in zfALFF before and after training with the available neurotransmitter maps across all voxels and additionally, hypothesis-driven, for neurotransmitter maps implicated in the neurobiology of exercise (dopaminergic, opiodic and endocannabinoid) in specific brain networks associated with "reward" and "emotion." Results Elevated PANAS Positive Affect was observed after LIIE and HIIE but not after the control condition. HIIE compared to the control condition resulted in differential zfALFF decreases in precuneus, temporo-occipital, midcingulate and frontal regions, thalamus, and cerebellum, whereas differential zfALFF increases were identified in hypothalamus, pituitary, and periaqueductal gray. The spatial alteration patterns in zfALFF during HIIE were positively associated with dopaminergic and μ-opioidergic receptor distributions within the 'reward' network. Discussion These findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of exercise supporting the importance of reward-related neurotransmission at least during high-intensity physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Clinical Research, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain and Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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26
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Reichardt R, Király A, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M, Simor P. A daytime nap with REM sleep is linked to enhanced generalization of emotional stimuli. J Sleep Res 2024:e14177. [PMID: 38369938 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
How memory representations are shaped during and after their encoding is a central question in the study of human memory. Recognition responses to stimuli that are similar to those observed previously can hint at the fidelity of the memories or point to processes of generalization at the expense of precise memory representations. Experimental studies utilizing this approach showed that emotions and sleep both influence these responses. Sleep, and more specifically rapid eye movement sleep, is assumed to facilitate the generalization of emotional memories. We studied mnemonic discrimination by the emotional variant of the Mnemonic Separation Task in participants (N = 113) who spent a daytime nap between learning and testing compared with another group that spent an equivalent time awake between the two sessions. Our findings indicate that the discrimination of similar but previously not seen items from previously seen ones is enhanced in case of negative compared with neutral and positive stimuli. Moreover, whereas the sleep and the wake groups did not differ in memory performance, participants entering rapid eye movement sleep exhibited increased generalization of emotional memories. Our findings indicate that entering into rapid eye movement sleep during a daytime nap shapes emotional memories in a way that enhances recognition at the expense of detailed memory representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richárd Reichardt
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Király
- National Institute of Locomotor Diseases and Disabilities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Simor
- Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Weigl M, Pietsch J, Kapsali E, Shao Q, Zheng Z, Li J, Kray J, Mecklinger A. ORCA: A picture database of object-scene arrangements for cross-cultural and aging research. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:513-528. [PMID: 36703003 PMCID: PMC9879563 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cross-cultural research on the modulation of basic cognitive processes by culture has intensified - also from an aging perspective. Despite this increased research interest, only a few cross-culturally normed non-verbal stimulus sets are available to support cross-cultural cognitive research in younger and older adults. Here we present the ORCA (Official Rating of Complex Arrangements) picture database, which includes a total of 720 object-scene compositions sorted into 180 quadruples (e.g., two different helmets placed in two different deserts). Each quadruple contains visually and semantically matched pairs of objects and pairs of scenes with varying degrees of semantic fit between objects and scenes. A total of 95 younger and older German and Chinese adults rated every object-scene pair on object familiarity and semantic fit between object and scene. While the ratings were significantly correlated between cultures and age groups, small but significant culture and age differences emerged. Object familiarity was higher for older adults than younger adults and for German participants than for Chinese participants. Semantic fit was rated lower by German older adults and Chinese younger adults as compared to German younger adults and Chinese older adults. Due to the large number of stimuli, our database is particularly well suited for cognitive and neuroscientific research on cross-cultural and age-related differences in perception, attention, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weigl
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jan Pietsch
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Efsevia Kapsali
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Qi Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jutta Kray
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Axel Mecklinger
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A2.4, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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28
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Berisha DE, Rizvi B, Chappel-Farley MG, Tustison N, Taylor L, Dave A, Sattari NS, Chen IY, Lui KK, Janecek JC, Keator D, Neikrug AB, Benca RM, Yassa MA, Mander BA. Cerebrovascular pathology mediates associations between hypoxemia during rapid eye movement sleep and medial temporal lobe structure and function in older adults. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577469. [PMID: 38328085 PMCID: PMC10849660 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in older adults and is associated with medial temporal lobe (MTL) degeneration and memory decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms linking OSA to MTL degeneration and impaired memory remains unclear. By combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments of cerebrovascular pathology and MTL structure with clinical polysomnography and assessment of overnight emotional memory retention in older adults at risk for AD, cerebrovascular pathology in fronto-parietal brain regions was shown to statistically mediate the relationship between OSA-related hypoxemia, particularly during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and entorhinal cortical thickness. Reduced entorhinal cortical thickness was, in turn, associated with impaired overnight retention in mnemonic discrimination ability across emotional valences for high similarity lures. These findings identify cerebrovascular pathology as a contributing mechanism linking hypoxemia to MTL degeneration and impaired sleep-dependent memory in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny E. Berisha
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Batool Rizvi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Miranda G. Chappel-Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nicholas Tustison
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lisa Taylor
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Abhishek Dave
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Negin S. Sattari
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ivy Y. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kitty K. Lui
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - John C. Janecek
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - David Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ariel B. Neikrug
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruth M. Benca
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
| | - Bryce A. Mander
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA, 92697, USA
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29
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Srokova S, Aktas ANZ, Koen JD, Rugg MD. Dissociative Effects of Age on Neural Differentiation at the Category and Item Levels. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0959232023. [PMID: 38050137 PMCID: PMC10860568 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0959-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations, which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized in terms of selectivity for different perceptual categories, age-related neural dedifferentiation and the apparent age-invariant association of neural selectivity with cognitive performance are largely restricted to the cortical regions typically recruited during scene processing. It is currently unknown whether this category-level dissociation extends to metrics of neural selectivity defined at the level of individual stimulus items. Here, we examined neural selectivity at the category and item levels using multivoxel pattern similarity analysis (PSA) of fMRI data. Healthy young and older male and female adults viewed images of objects and scenes. Some items were presented singly, while others were either repeated or followed by a "similar lure." In agreement with recent findings, category-level PSA revealed robustly lower differentiation in older than in younger adults in scene-selective, but not object-selective, cortical regions. By contrast, at the item level, robust age-related declines in neural differentiation were evident for both stimulus categories. Additionally, we identified an age-invariant association between category-level scene selectivity in the parahippocampal place area and subsequent memory performance, but no such association was evident for item-level metrics. Lastly, category- and item-level neural metrics were uncorrelated. Thus, the present findings suggest that age-related category- and item-level dedifferentiation depend on distinct neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Srokova
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
| | - Ayse N Z Aktas
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
| | - Joshua D Koen
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75235
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080
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30
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Leetham E, Watermeyer T, Craig M. An online experiment that presents challenges for translating rest-related gains in visual detail memory from the laboratory to naturalistic settings. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290811. [PMID: 38232090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
New memories are labile and consolidate over time. Contemporary findings demonstrate that, like sleep, awake quiescence supports consolidation: people remember more new memories if they experience a brief period of post-encoding quiet rest than sensory processing. Furthermore, it was recently demonstrated that the quality of new memories can also be enhanced significantly by awake quiescence. This phenomenon offers great applied potential, for example, in education and eyewitness testimony settings. However, the translation of rest-related gains from the laboratory to everyday life remains poorly characterised and findings are mixed. Here, we report follow-on evidence demonstrating that rest-related gains in visual detail memory may be more challenging to achieve in naturalistic than laboratory-based settings. In contrast to established laboratory findings, using an online version of an established consolidation paradigm, we observed no memory benefit of post-encoding quiescence, relative to an engaging perceptual task, in the retention of detailed visual memories as measured through a lure discrimination task. This null finding could not be explained by intentional rehearsal in those who rested or between-group differences in participants' demographics or mental state, including fatigue and mood. Crucially, post-experimental reports indicated that those in the rest group experienced challenges in initiating and maintaining a state of quiescence, which may account for our null finding. Based on these findings, we propose three areas of focus for future work should rest-related gains in memory be translated from the lab to field: (1) to establish the specific environmental and individual conditions that are conducive and detrimental to awake consolidation, (2) to understand the barriers to initiating and maintaining a state of quiescence in naturalistic settings, and (3) to examine how knowledge of quiescence and its cognitive benefits can encourage the initiation and maintenance of states that are conductive to awake consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Leetham
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Craig
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Gellersen HM, McMaster J, Abdurahman A, Simons JS. Demands on perceptual and mnemonic fidelity are a key determinant of age-related cognitive decline throughout the lifespan. J Exp Psychol Gen 2024; 153:200-223. [PMID: 38236240 PMCID: PMC10795485 DOI: 10.1037/xge0001476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Aging results in less detailed memories, reflecting reduced fidelity of remembered compared to real-world representations. We tested whether poorer representational fidelity across perception, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM) are among the earliest signs of cognitive aging. Our paradigm probed target-lure object mnemonic discrimination and precision of object-location binding. Across the lifespan, cognitive deficits were observed in midlife when detailed stimulus representations were required for perceptual and short/long-term forced choice mnemonic discrimination. A continuous metric of object-location source memory combined with computational modeling demonstrated that errors in STM and LTM in middle-aged adults were largely driven by a loss of precision for retrieved memories, not necessarily by forgetting. On a trial-by-trial basis, fidelity of item and spatial information was more tightly bound in LTM compared to STM with this association being unaffected by age. Standard neuropsychological tests without demands on memory quality (digit span, verbal learning) were less sensitive to age effects than STM and LTM precision. Perceptual discrimination predicted mnemonic discrimination. Neuropsychological proxies for prefrontal executive functions correlated with STM, but not LTM fidelity. Conversely, neuropsychological indicators of hippocampal integrity correlated with mnemonic discrimination and precision of both STM and LTM, suggesting partially dissociable mechanisms of interindividual variability in STM and LTM fidelity. These findings suggest that reduced representational fidelity is a hallmark of cognitive aging across perception, STM, and LTM and can be observed from midlife onward. Continuous memory precision tasks may be promising for the early detection of subtle age-related cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge
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Ikier S, Dönerkayalı C, Halıcı ÖS, Kaymak Gülseren ZA, Göksal H, Akbaş B. When is memory more reliable? Scientific findings, theories, and myths. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2024; 31:77-94. [PMID: 35944506 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The question of whether human memory is reliable generated extensive research. Memory is open to reconstruction and false retrieval of unpresented information or unexperienced events. These can create problems in judgments and decisions that rely on memory accuracy. In the case of eyewitness testimony, these problems can result in injustice. Then again, memory is also reliable enough. Information acquisition, processing, and retrieval capacity of our memory made it possible to survive the course of evolution. Our memory also makes it possible to continue our daily lives, most of the time without major problems. In the present review, we suggest that the right question to ask may not be whether memory is reliable, but rather to ask when and under what circumstances memory is more reliable. The review's educational aim is to identify the conditions under which memory is more versus less reliable, and its theoretical aim is to discuss memory reliability. We reviewed the literature on situational, emotional, social, and individual difference variables that affect memory reliability, identified the conditions under which memory is more versus less reliable, summarized these outcomes as easy-to-reach items, and discussed them in the light of major theories. Our discussion also touched upon the differentiation of societal myths about the reliability of memory from scientific findings, since believing in memory myths can also affect the reliability of memory. Awareness of the specific circumstances under which memory is more reliable can lead to the consideration of how much memory can be trusted under those specific circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simay Ikier
- Department of Psychology, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Hilal Göksal
- Department of Psychology, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busenur Akbaş
- Department of Psychology, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gattas S, Larson MS, Mnatsakanyan L, Sen-Gupta I, Vadera S, Swindlehurst AL, Rapp PE, Lin JJ, Yassa MA. Theta mediated dynamics of human hippocampal-neocortical learning systems in memory formation and retrieval. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8505. [PMID: 38129375 PMCID: PMC10739909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic memory arises as a function of dynamic interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, yet the mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using human intracranial recordings during a mnemonic discrimination task, we report that 4-5 Hz (theta) power is differentially recruited during discrimination vs. overgeneralization, and its phase supports hippocampal-neocortical when memories are being formed and correctly retrieved. Interactions were largely bidirectional, with small but significant net directional biases; a hippocampus-to-neocortex bias during acquisition of new information that was subsequently correctly discriminated, and a neocortex-to-hippocampus bias during accurate discrimination of new stimuli from similar previously learned stimuli. The 4-5 Hz rhythm may facilitate the initial stages of information acquisition by neocortex during learning and the recall of stored information from cortex during retrieval. Future work should further probe these dynamics across different types of tasks and stimuli and computational models may need to be expanded accordingly to accommodate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gattas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Myra Sarai Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lilit Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Indranil Sen-Gupta
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sumeet Vadera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - A Lee Swindlehurst
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Paul E Rapp
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jack J Lin
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Kim S, Adams JN, Chappel-Farley MG, Keator D, Janecek J, Taylor L, Mikhail A, Hollearn M, McMillan L, Rapp P, Yassa MA. Examining the diagnostic value of the mnemonic discrimination task for classification of cognitive status and amyloid-beta burden. Neuropsychologia 2023; 191:108727. [PMID: 37939874 PMCID: PMC10764118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, characterized by early memory impairments and gradual worsening of daily functions. AD-related pathology, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, begins to accumulate many years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Predicting risk for AD via related pathology is critical as the preclinical stage could serve as a therapeutic time window, allowing for early management of the disease and reducing health and economic costs. Current methods for detecting AD pathology, however, are often expensive and invasive, limiting wide and easy access to a clinical setting. A non-invasive, cost-efficient platform, such as computerized cognitive tests, could be potentially useful to identify at-risk individuals as early as possible. In this study, we examined the diagnostic value of an episodic memory task, the mnemonic discrimination task (MDT), for predicting risk of cognitive impairment or Aβ burden. We constructed a random forest classification algorithm, utilizing MDT performance metrics and various neuropsychological test scores as input features, and assessed model performance using area under the curve (AUC). Models based on MDT performance metrics achieved classification results with an AUC of 0.83 for cognitive status and an AUC of 0.64 for Aβ status. Our findings suggest that mnemonic discrimination function may be a useful predictor of progression to prodromal AD or increased risk of Aβ load, which could be a cost-efficient, noninvasive cognitive testing solution for potentially wide-scale assessment of AD pathological and cognitive risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyun Kim
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Jenna N Adams
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Miranda G Chappel-Farley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David Keator
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - John Janecek
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Taylor
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Abanoub Mikhail
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martina Hollearn
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paul Rapp
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Rollins L, Huffman DJ, Walters LA, Bennett K. Prolonged development of forced-choice recognition when targets are paired with non-corresponding lures. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 236:105742. [PMID: 37481987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests that mnemonic discrimination (i.e., the ability to discriminate between previously encountered and novel stimuli even when they are highly similar) improves substantially during childhood. To further understand the development of mnemonic discrimination during childhood, the current study had 4-year-old children, 6-year-old children, and young adults complete the forced-choice Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The forced-choice MST offers a significant advantage in the context of developmental research because it is not sensitive to age-related differences in response criteria and includes three test formats that are theorized to be supported by different cognitive processes. A target (i.e., a previously encountered item) is paired with either a novel item (A-X), a corresponding lure (A-A'; i.e., an item mnemonically similar to the target), or a non-corresponding lure (A-B'; i.e., an item mnemonically similar to a different previously encoded item). We observed that 4-year-olds performed more poorly than 6-year-olds on the A-X and A-A' test formats, whereas both 4- and 6-year-olds performed more poorly than young adults on the A-B' test format. The MINERVA 2.2 computational model effectively accounted for these age-related differences. The model suggested that 4-year-olds have a lower learning rate (i.e., probability of encoding stimulus features) than 6-year-olds and young adults and that both 4- and 6-year-olds have greater encoding variability than young adults. These findings provide new insight into possible mechanisms underlying memory development during childhood and serve as the basis for multiple avenues of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Rollins
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA.
| | - Derek J Huffman
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, USA
| | - Lauren A Walters
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
| | - Kaylee Bennett
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA
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Chwiesko C, Janecek J, Doering S, Hollearn M, McMillan L, Vandekerckhove J, Lee MD, Ratcliff R, Yassa MA. Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach. Learn Mem 2023; 30:296-309. [PMID: 37923355 PMCID: PMC10631138 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053838.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The mnemonic discrimination task (MDT) is a widely used cognitive assessment tool. Performance in this task is believed to indicate an age-related deficit in episodic memory stemming from a decreased ability to pattern-separate among similar experiences. However, cognitive processes other than memory ability might impact task performance. In this study, we investigated whether nonmnemonic decision-making processes contribute to the age-related deficit in the MDT. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian version of the Ratcliff diffusion model to the MDT performance of 26 younger and 31 cognitively normal older adults. It allowed us to decompose decision behavior in the MDT into different underlying cognitive processes, represented by specific model parameters. Model parameters were compared between groups, and differences were evaluated using the Bayes factor. Our results suggest that the age-related decline in MDT performance indicates a predominantly mnemonic deficit rather than differences in nonmnemonic decision-making processes. In addition, this mnemonic deficit might also involve a slowing in processes related to encoding and retrieval strategies, which are relevant for successful memory as well. These findings help to better understand what cognitive processes contribute to the age-related decline in MDT performance and may help to improve the diagnostic value of this popular task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chwiesko
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - John Janecek
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie Doering
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Martina Hollearn
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Liv McMillan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Joachim Vandekerckhove
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Roger Ratcliff
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Jensen A, Karpov G, Collin CA, Davidson PSR. Executive Function Predicts Older Adults' Lure Discrimination Difficulties on the Mnemonic Similarity Task. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1642-1650. [PMID: 37330622 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Older adults often have difficulty remembering the details of recently encountered objects. We previously found this with the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Surprisingly, the older adults' MST Lure Discrimination Index (LDI) was significantly correlated with visual acuity but not with memory or executive function. Here we ran a replication with new, larger samples of young (N = 45) and older adults (N = 70). We then combined the original and replication older adult samples (N = 108) to critically examine the relative contributions of visual acuity, memory, and executive function composite scores to LDI performance using dominance analysis. This provided, to our knowledge, the first direct statistical comparison of all 3 of these factors and their interactions on LDI. METHODS Participants completed the MST and a battery assessing visual acuity, memory, and executive function. We examined age group differences on MST performance in the new (i.e., replication) young and older adult samples and performed multiple regression and dominance analysis on the combined older adult sample. RESULTS Consistent with previous findings, the older adults showed significantly poorer LDI but preserved item recognition. LDI was significantly correlated with both memory and executive function but not with visual acuity. In the combined older adult sample, all 3 composites predicted LDI, but dominance analysis indicated that executive function was the most important predictor. DISCUSSION Older adults' MST LDI difficulty may be predicted by their executive function and visual acuity. These factors should be considered when interpreting older adults' MST performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Jensen
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Galit Karpov
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Charles A Collin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Noh SM, Singla UK, Bennett IJ, Bornstein AM. Memory precision and age differentially predict the use of decision-making strategies across the lifespan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17014. [PMID: 37813942 PMCID: PMC10562379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory function declines in normal aging, in a relatively continuous fashion following middle-age. The effect of aging on decision-making is less well-understood, with seemingly conflicting results on both the nature and direction of these age effects. One route for clarifying these mixed findings is to understand how age-related differences in memory affect decisions. Recent work has proposed memory sampling as a specific computational role for memory in decision-making, alongside well-studied mechanisms of reinforcement learning (RL). Here, we tested the hypothesis that age-related declines in episodic memory alter memory sampling. Participants (total N = 361; ages 18-77) performed one of two variants of a standard reward-guided decision experiment with additional trial-unique mnemonic content and a separately-administered task for assessing memory precision. When we fit participants' choices with a hybrid computational model implementing both memory-based and RL-driven valuation side-by-side, we found that memory precision tracked the contribution of memory sampling to choice. At the same time, age corresponded to decreasing influence of RL and increasing perseveration. A second experiment confirmed these results and further revealed that memory precision tracked the specificity of memories selected for sampling. Together, these findings suggest that differences in decision-making across the lifespan may be related to memory function, and that interventions which aim to improve the former may benefit from targeting the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Noh
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Umesh K Singla
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ilana J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M Bornstein
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Callow DD, Kommula Y, Stark CEL, Smith JC. Acute cycling exercise and hippocampal subfield function and microstructure in healthy older adults. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1123-1138. [PMID: 37526119 PMCID: PMC10543457 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with deterioration in dentate gyrus (DG) and CA3, both crucial hippocampal subfields for age susceptible memory processes such as mnemonic discrimination (MD). Meanwhile, a single aerobic exercise session alters DG/CA3 function and neural activity in both rats and younger adults and can elicit short-term microstructural alterations in the hippocampus of older adults. However, our understanding of the effects of acute exercise on hippocampal subfield integrity via function and microstructure in older adults is limited. Thus, a within subject-design was employed to determine if 20-min of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise alters bilateral hippocampal subfield function and microstructure using high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an MD task (n = 35) and high angular resolution multi-shell diffusion imaging (n = 31), in healthy older adults, compared to seated rest. Following the exercise condition, participants exhibited poorer MD performance, particularly when their perception of effort was higher. Exercise was also related to lower MD-related activity within the DG/CA3 but not CA1 subfield. Finally, after controlling for whole brain gray matter diffusion, exercise was associated with lower neurite density index (NDI) within the DG/CA3. However, exercise-related differences in DG/CA3 activity and NDI were not associated with differences in MD performance. Our results suggest moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise may temporarily inhibit MD performance, and suppress DG/CA3 MD-related activity and NDI, potentially through neuroinflammatory/glial processes. However, additional studies are needed to confirm whether these short-term changes in behavior and hippocampal subfield neurophysiology are beneficial and how they might relate to long-term exercise habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Craig E. L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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40
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Sahakyan L, Wahlheim CN, Kwapil TR. Mnemonic discrimination deficits in multidimensional schizotypy. Hippocampus 2023; 33:1139-1153. [PMID: 37345675 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Current developmental psychopathology models indicate that schizophrenia can be understood as the most extreme expression of a multidimensional continuum of symptoms and impairment referred to as schizotypy. In nondisordered adults, schizotypy predicts risk for developing schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology. Schizophrenia is associated with disruptions in detecting subtle differences between objects, which is linked to hippocampal dysfunction. These disruptions have been shown in the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) when patients are less likely to reject lures that are similar but not identical to studied objects, and instead mistake them for studied items. This pattern of errors may be a behavioral manifestation of impaired pattern separation, a key episodic memory ability associated with hippocampal integrity and overreliance on pattern completion. We examined whether multidimensional schizotypy is associated with such deficits in nondisordered young adults. Participants (n = 230) were assessed for positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy and completed the MST and a perceptual discrimination task. MST performance showed that a combination of elevated negative and disorganized schizotypy was associated with decreased rejections of similar lures because they were mistakenly identified as studied items. These deficits were not observed in traditional recognition measures within the same task, nor in perceptual discrimination, suggesting that mnemonic discrimination deficits assessed by MST were selective and did not reflect generalized deficits. These findings extend the results obtained in schizophrenia patients and support a multidimensional model of schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sahakyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher N Wahlheim
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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Bein O, Gasser C, Amer T, Maril A, Davachi L. Predictions transform memories: How expected versus unexpected events are integrated or separated in memory. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105368. [PMID: 37619645 PMCID: PMC10591973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Our brains constantly generate predictions about the environment based on prior knowledge. Many of the events we experience are consistent with these predictions, while others might be inconsistent with prior knowledge and thus violate our predictions. To guide future behavior, the memory system must be able to strengthen, transform, or add to existing knowledge based on the accuracy of our predictions. We synthesize recent evidence suggesting that when an event is consistent with our predictions, it leads to neural integration between related memories, which is associated with enhanced associative memory, as well as memory biases. Prediction errors, in turn, can promote both neural integration and separation, and lead to multiple mnemonic outcomes. We review these findings and how they interact with factors such as memory reactivation, prediction error strength, and task goals, to offer insight into what determines memory for events that violate our predictions. In doing so, this review brings together recent neural and behavioral research to advance our understanding of how predictions shape memory, and why.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Bein
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
| | - Camille Gasser
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Tarek Amer
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Anat Maril
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Cognitive Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lila Davachi
- Center for Clinical Research, The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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Lai YM, Chang YL. Age-related differences in associative memory recognition of Chinese characters and hippocampal subfield volumes. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108657. [PMID: 37562576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Associative memory is a type of hippocampal-dependent episodic memory that declines with age. Studies have examined the neural substrates underlying associative memory and considered the hippocampus holistically; however, the association between associative memory decline and volumetric change in hippocampal subfields in the context of normal aging remains uncharacterized. Leveraging the distinct linguistic features of Chinese characters to evaluate distinct types of false recognition, we investigated age-related differences in associative recognition and hippocampal subfield volumes, as well as the relationship between behavioral performance and hippocampal morphometry in 25 younger adults and 32 older adults. The results showed an age-related associative memory deficit, which was exacerbated after a 30-min delay. Older adults showed higher susceptibility to false alarm errors with recombined and orthographically related foils compared to phonologically or semantically related ones. Moreover, we detected a disproportionately age-related, time-dependent increase in orthographic errors. Older adults exhibited smaller volumes in all hippocampal subfields when compared to younger adults, with a less pronounced effect observed in the CA2/3 subfield. Group-collapsed correlational analyses revealed associations between specific hippocampal subfields and associative memory but not item memory. Additionally, multi-subfield regions had prominent associations with delayed recognition. These findings underscore the significance of multiple hippocampal subfields in various hippocampal-dependent processes including associative memory, recollection-based retrieval, and pattern separation ability. Moreover, our observations of age-related difficulty in differentiating perceptually similar foils from targets provide a unique opportunity for examining the essential contribution of individual hippocampal subfields to the pattern separation process in mnemonic recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Lai
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Clinical Psychology Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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43
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Gattas S, Larson MS, Mnatsakanyan L, Sen-Gupta I, Vadera S, Swindlehurst L, Rapp PE, Lin JJ, Yassa MA. Theta mediated dynamics of human hippocampal-neocortical learning systems in memory formation and retrieval. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.20.558688. [PMID: 37790541 PMCID: PMC10542525 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.20.558688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory arises as a function of dynamic interactions between the hippocampus and the neocortex, yet the mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, using human intracranial recordings during a mnemonic discrimination task, we report that 4-5 Hz (theta) power is differentially recruited during discrimination vs. overgeneralization, and its phase supports hippocampal-neocortical when memories are being formed and correctly retrieved. Interactions were largely bidirectional, with small but significant net directional biases; a hippocampus-to-neocortex bias during acquisition of new information that was subsequently correctly discriminated, and a neocortex-to-hippocampus bias during accurate discrimination of new stimuli from similar previously learned stimuli. The 4-5 Hz rhythm may facilitate the initial stages of information acquisition by neocortex during learning and the recall of stored information from cortex during retrieval. Future work should further probe these dynamics across different types of tasks and stimuli and computational models may need to be expanded accordingly to accommodate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gattas
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Myra Sarai Larson
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lilit Mnatsakanyan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Indranil Sen-Gupta
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sumeet Vadera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lee Swindlehurst
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Paul E. Rapp
- Department of Military & Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jack J. Lin
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Michael A. Yassa
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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44
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Melega G, Sheldon S. Conceptual relatedness promotes memory generalization at the cost of detailed recollection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15575. [PMID: 37730718 PMCID: PMC10511542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An adaptive memory system is one that allows us to both retrieve detailed memories as well as generalize knowledge about our past, the latter termed memory generalization and is useful for making inferences about new situations. Research has indicated that memory generalization relies on forming knowledge structures by integrating experiences with shared encountered elements. Whether memory generalization occurs more readily when experiences also have elements that share established (conceptual) information is less clear. It is also unclear if engaging in memory generalization during learning comes at the cost of retrieving detailed memories, the other function of episodic memory. To address these two knowledge gaps, we paired a modified version of the acquired equivalence task with a recognition memory test. Across three experiments, participants first learned a series of overlapping object-scene pairs (A-X, B-X and A-Y) in which half of the overlapping pairs contained conceptually-related objects (e.g., A-pencil; B-scissors; conceptual condition) and the other half contained unrelated objects (neutral condition). Participants ability to generalize to new overlapping object-scene pairs (B-Y) as well as not-learned but semantically-related objects was measured. Finally, participants completed a recognition memory test that included the encoded objects, perceptually similar lures or new foil objects. Across all experiments, we found higher rates of generalization but reduced detailed memory (indexed by increased false alarms to lure objects) for information learned in the conceptual than neutral condition. These results suggest the presence of conceptual knowledge biases an individual towards a generalization function of memory, which comes at the expense of detailed recollection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Melega
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Signy Sheldon
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montreal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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Cui X, Gui W, Miao J, Liu X, Zhu X, Zheng Z, Wan W, Shao Q, Kray J, Jiang Y, Li J. A Combined Intervention of Aerobic Exercise and Video Game in Older Adults: The Efficacy and Neural Basis on Improving Mnemonic Discrimination. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1436-1444. [PMID: 36462181 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mnemonic discrimination is very vulnerable to aging. Previous studies have reported that aerobic exercise and enriched cognitive stimulation (e.g., video games) could improve mnemonic discrimination in older adults. The animal model suggested that combining the 2 training methods could result in a larger improvement. However, there is limited evidence on the potential superior efficacy of combined intervention with human participants. Moreover, the neural basis of this potential superior is poorly understood. METHODS We conducted a 16-week intervention trial with 98 community-dwelling older adults assigned to one of the four groups (combined training, aerobic cycling alone, video game alone, or passive control). Mnemonic discrimination was measured as the primary behavioral outcome, hippocampal volume, and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) were measured as neural indicators. RESULTS Participants receiving the combined intervention demonstrated the largest effect size of mnemonic discrimination improvement. Magnetic resonance image results indicated aerobic exercising increased left hippocampal volume, while video-game training counteracted the decline of DMN functional connectivity with aging. The synergy of hippocampal structural and functional plasticity observed in the combined training group explained why the largest intervention benefits were obtained by this group. CONCLUSION Despite the nonrandomized design (i.e., likely self-selection bias), our results provide new evidence that combined intervention of exercise and cognitive training is more effective than single intervention for older adults. Parallel to animal studies, aerobic exercise and the video game with enriched cognitive stimulation could induce hippocampal plasticity through separate structural and functional pathways. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR1900022702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cui
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwen Miao
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zheng
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wan
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jutta Kray
- Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,USA
| | - Juan Li
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Lee MD, Stark CE. Bayesian Modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task Using Multinomial Processing Trees. BEHAVIORMETRIKA 2023; 50:517-539. [PMID: 38481469 PMCID: PMC10936565 DOI: 10.1007/s41237-023-00193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST: Stark et al., 2019) is a modified recognition memory task designed to place strong demand on pattern separation. The sensitivity and reliability of the MST make it an extremely valuable tool in clinical settings. We develop new cognitive models, based on the multinomial processing tree framework, for two versions of the MST. The models are implemented as generative probabilistic models and applied to behavioral data using Bayesian graphical modeling methods. We demonstrate how the combination of cognitive modeling and Bayesian methods allows for flexible and powerful inferences about performance on the MST. These demonstrations include latent-mixture extensions for identifying individual differences in decision strategies, and hierarchical extensions that measure fine-grained differences in the ability to detect lures. One key finding is that the availability of a "similar" response in the MST reduces individual differences in decision strategies and allows for more direct measurement of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Lee
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine
| | - Craig E.L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California Irvine
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47
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Callow DD, Pena GS, Stark CEL, Smith JC. Effects of acute aerobic exercise on mnemonic discrimination performance in older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:519-528. [PMID: 35968853 PMCID: PMC10538177 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ample evidence suggests exercise is beneficial for hippocampal function. Furthermore, a single session of aerobic exercise provides immediate benefits to mnemonic discrimination performance, a highly hippocampal-specific memory process, in healthy younger adults. However, it is unknown if a single session of aerobic exercise alters mnemonic discrimination in older adults, who generally exhibit greater hippocampal deterioration and deficits in mnemonic discrimination performance. METHODS We conducted a within subject acute exercise study in 30 cognitively healthy and physically active older adults who underwent baseline testing and then completed two experimental visits in which they performed a mnemonic discrimination task before and after either 30 min of cycling exercise or 30 min of seated rest. Linear mixed-effects analyses were conducted in which condition order and age were controlled, time (pre vs. post) and condition (exercise vs. rest) were modeled as fixed effects, and subject as a random effect. RESULTS No significant time by condition interaction effect was found for object recognition (p = .254, η2=.01), while a significant reduction in interference was found for mnemonic discrimination performance following the exercise condition (p = .012, η2=.07). A post-intervention only analysis indicated that there was no difference between condition for object recognition (p = .186, η2=.06), but that participants had better mnemonic discrimination performance (p < .001, η2=.22) following the exercise. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise may reduce interference and elicit better mnemonic discrimination performance in healthy older adults, suggesting benefits for hippocampal-specific memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D. Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel S. Pena
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Craig E. L. Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - J. Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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48
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Mill RD, Cole MW. Neural representation dynamics reveal computational principles of cognitive task learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546751. [PMID: 37425922 PMCID: PMC10327096 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
During cognitive task learning, neural representations must be rapidly constructed for novel task performance, then optimized for robust practiced task performance. How the geometry of neural representations changes to enable this transition from novel to practiced performance remains unknown. We hypothesized that practice involves a shift from compositional representations (task-general activity patterns that can be flexibly reused across tasks) to conjunctive representations (task-specific activity patterns specialized for the current task). Functional MRI during learning of multiple complex tasks substantiated this dynamic shift from compositional to conjunctive representations, which was associated with reduced cross-task interference (via pattern separation) and behavioral improvement. Further, we found that conjunctions originated in subcortex (hippocampus and cerebellum) and slowly spread to cortex, extending multiple memory systems theories to encompass task representation learning. The formation of conjunctive representations hence serves as a computational signature of learning, reflecting cortical-subcortical dynamics that optimize task representations in the human brain.
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İmamoğlu A, Wahlheim CN, Belger A, S Giovanello K. Impaired mnemonic discrimination in children and adolescents at risk for schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 37344455 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia and their high-risk, first-degree relatives report widespread episodic memory impairments that are purportedly due, at least in part, to failures of mnemonic discrimination. Here, we examined the status of mnemonic discrimination in 36 children and adolescents (aged 11-17 years) with and without familial risk for schizophrenia by employing an object-based recognition task called the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). The MST assesses the ability to discriminate between studied images and unstudied images that are either perceptually similar to studied images or completely novel. We compared 16 high-risk, unaffected first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and/or schizoaffective disorder to 20 low-risk, control participants. High-risk participants showed worse mnemonic discrimination than low-risk participants, with no difference in recognition memory or perceptual discrimination. Our findings demonstrate that mnemonic discrimination deficits previously observed in people with schizophrenia are also present in their young, high-risk, first-degree relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan İmamoğlu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US.
| | | | - Aysenil Belger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US
| | - Kelly S Giovanello
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, US
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50
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Srokova S, Aktas ANZ, Koen JD, Rugg MD. Dissociative effects of age on neural differentiation at the category and item level. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542148. [PMID: 37293054 PMCID: PMC10245847 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing age is associated with age-related neural dedifferentiation, a reduction in the selectivity of neural representations which has been proposed to contribute to cognitive decline in older age. Recent findings indicate that when operationalized in terms of selectivity for different perceptual categories, age-related neural dedifferentiation, and the apparent age-invariant association of neural selectivity with cognitive performance, are largely restricted to the cortical regions typically recruited during scene processing. It is currently unknown whether this category-level dissociation extends to metrics of neural selectivity defined at the level of individual stimulus items. Here, we examined neural selectivity at the category and item levels using multivoxel pattern similarity analysis (PSA) of fMRI data. Healthy young and older male and female adults viewed images of objects and scenes. Some items were presented singly, while others were either repeated or followed by a 'similar lure'. Consistent with recent findings, category-level PSA revealed robustly lower differentiation in older than younger adults in scene-selective, but not object-selective, cortical regions. By contrast, at the item level, robust age-related declines in neural differentiation were evident for both stimulus categories. Moreover, we identified an age-invariant association between category-level scene-selectivity in the parahippocampal place area and subsequent memory performance, but no such association was evident for item-level metrics. Lastly, category and item-level neural metrics were uncorrelated. Thus, the present findings suggest that age-related category- and item-level dedifferentiation depend on distinct neural mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Srokova
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX 75235
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080
| | - Ayse N. Z. Aktas
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX 75235
| | - Joshua D. Koen
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, IN, 90 Corbett Family Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Michael D. Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity, University of Texas at Dallas, 1600 Viceroy Dr. #800, Dallas, TX 75235
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080
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