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Zhang S, Shu M, Gong Z, Liu X, Zhang C, Liang Y, Lin Q, Zhou B, Guo T, Liu J. Enhancing extracellular monascus pigment production in submerged fermentation with engineered microbial consortia. Food Microbiol 2024; 121:104499. [PMID: 38637070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2024.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the impact of microbial interactions on Monascus pigment (MP) production. We established diverse microbial consortia involving Monascus purpureus and Lactobacillus fermentum. The addition of Lactobacillus fermentum (4% at 48 h) to the submerged fermentation of M. purpureus resulted in a significantly higher MP production compared to that achieved using the single-fermentation system. Co-cultivation with immobilized L. fermentum led to a remarkable increase of 59.18% in extracellular MP production, while mixed fermentation with free L. fermentum caused a significant decrease of 66.93% in intracellular MPs, contrasting with a marginal increase of 4.52% observed during co-cultivation with immobilized L. fermentum and the control group respectively. The findings indicate an evident enhancement in cell membrane permeability of M. purpureus when co-cultivated with immobilized L. fementum. Moreover, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying MP biosynthesis and secretion following inoculation with immobilized L. fementum, with specific emphasis on glycolysis, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Meng Shu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Zihan Gong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Forestry Edible Resources Safety and Processing, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and Byproduct Deep Processing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
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2
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Mussagy CU, Farias FO, Tropea A, Santi L, Mondello L, Giuffrida D, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, Dufossé L. Ketocarotenoids adonirubin and adonixanthin: Properties, health benefits, current technologies, and emerging challenges. Food Chem 2024; 443:138610. [PMID: 38301562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Given their multifaceted roles, carotenoids have garnered significant scientific interest, resulting in a comprehensive and intricate body of literature that occasionally presents conflicting findings concerning the proper characterization, quantification, and bioavailability of these compounds. Nevertheless, it is undeniable that the pursuit of novel carotenoids remains a crucial endeavor, as their diverse properties, functionalities and potential health benefits make them invaluable natural resources in agri-food and health promotion through the diet. In this framework, particular attention is given to ketocarotenoids, viz., astaxanthin (one of them) stands out for its possible multifunctional role as an antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial agent. It has been widely explored in the market and utilized in different applications such as nutraceuticals, food additives, among others. Adonirubin and adonixanthin can be naturally found in plants and microorganisms. Due to the increasing significance of natural-based products and the remarkable opportunity to introduce these ketocarotenoids to the market, this review aims to provide an expert overview of the pros and cons associated with adonirubin and adonixanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota 2260000, Chile.
| | - Fabiane O Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Center, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba/PR, Brazil
| | - Alessia Tropea
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Messina Institute of Technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc 98168 - Messina, Italy; Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Messina Institute of technology c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Former Veterinary School, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci snc, 98168 - Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Laurent Dufossé
- Chemistry and Biotechnology of Natural Products, CHEMBIOPRO, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, CEDEX 9, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
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3
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Arruda GL, Raymundo MTFR, Cruz-Santos MM, Shibukawa VP, Jofre FM, Prado CA, da Silva SS, Mussatto SI, Santos JC. Lignocellulosic materials valorization in second generation biorefineries: an opportunity to produce fungal biopigments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38817002 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2349581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Second generation biorefineries play an important role in the production of renewable energy and fuels, utilizing forest and agro-industrial residues and by-products as raw materials. The integration of novel bioproducts, such as: xylitol, β-carotene, xylooligosaccharides, and biopigments into the biorefinery's portfolio can offer economic benefits in the valorization of lignocellulosic materials, particularly cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions. Fungal biopigments, known for their additional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, are appealing to consumers and can have applications in various industrial sectors, including food and pharmaceuticals. The use of lignocellulosic materials as carbon and nutrient sources for the growth medium helps to reduce production costs, increasing the competitiveness of fungal biopigments in the market. In addition, the implementation of biopigment production in biorefineries allows the utilization of underutilized fractions, such as hemicellulose, for value-added bioproducts. This study deals with the potential of fungal biopigments production in second generation biorefineries in order to diversify the produced biomolecules together with energy generation. A comprehensive and critical review of the recent literature on this topic has been conducted, covering the major possible raw materials, general aspects of second generation biorefineries, the fungal biopigments and their potential for incorporation into biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Arruda
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | | | - Mónica M Cruz-Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Vinícius P Shibukawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Fanny M Jofre
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Carina A Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Silvio S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
| | - Solange I Mussatto
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Júlio C Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
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4
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Gaur S, Kaur M, Kalra R, Rene ER, Goel M. Application of microbial resources in biorefineries: Current trend and future prospects. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28615. [PMID: 38628756 PMCID: PMC11019186 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent growing interest in sustainable and alternative sources of energy and bio-based products has driven the paradigm shift to an integrated model termed "biorefinery." Biorefinery framework implements the concepts of novel eco-technologies and eco-efficient processes for the sustainable production of energy and value-added biomolecules. The utilization of microbial resources for the production of various value-added products has been documented in the literatures. However, the appointment of these microbial resources in integrated resource management requires a better understanding of their status. The main of aim of this review is to provide an overview on the defined positioning and overall contribution of the microbial resources, i.e., algae, fungi and bacteria, for various bioprocesses and generation of multiple products from a single biorefinery. By utilizing waste material as a feedstock, biofuels can be generated by microalgae while sequestering environmental carbon and producing value added compounds as by-products. In parallel, fungal biorefineries are prolific producers of lignocellulose degrading enzymes along with pharmaceutically important novel products. Conversely, bacterial biorefineries emerge as a preferred platform for the transformation of standard cells into proficient bio-factories, developing chassis and turbo cells for enhanced target compound production. This comprehensive review is poised to offer an intricate exploration of the current trends, obstacles, and prospective pathways of microbial biorefineries, for the development of future biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Gaur
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI-Gram, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Mehak Kaur
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI-Gram, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Rishu Kalra
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI-Gram, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
| | - Eldon R. Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, Delft, 2601DA, the Netherlands
| | - Mayurika Goel
- Sustainable Agriculture Program, The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI-Gram, Gurugram, 122001, Haryana, India
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Sharma N, Shekhar P, Kumar V, Kaur H, Jayasena V. Microbial pigments: Sources, current status, future challenges in cosmetics and therapeutic applications. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:4-21. [PMID: 37861279 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Color serves as the initial attraction and offers a pleasing aspect. While synthetic colorants have been popular for many years, their adverse environmental and health effects cannot be overlooked. This necessitates the search for natural colorants, especially microbial colorants, which have proven and more effective. Pigment-producing microorganisms offer substantial benefits. Natural colors improve product marketability and bestow additional benefits, including antioxidant, antiaging, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. This review covers the various types of microbial pigments, the methods to enhance their production, and their cosmetic and therapeutic applications. We also address the challenges faced during the commercial production of microbial pigments and propose potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Jiang L, Peng Y, Kim KH, Jeon D, Choe H, Han AR, Kim CY, Lee J. Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel β-carotene-producing bacterium that alleviates salinity stress in Arabidopsis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1265308. [PMID: 38125566 PMCID: PMC10731981 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1265308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel endophytic bacterium, designated DY-R2A-6T, was isolated from oat (Avena sativa L.) seeds and found to produces β-carotene. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain DY-R2A-6T had 96.3% similarity with Jiella aquimaris LZB041T, 96.0% similarity with Aurantimonas aggregate R14M6T and Aureimonas frigidaquae JCM 14755T, and less than 95.8% similarity with other genera in the family Aurantimonadaceae. The complete genome of strain DY-R2A-6T comprised 5,929,370 base pairs, consisting of one full chromosome (5,909,198 bp) and one plasmid (20,172 bp), with a G + C content was 69.1%. The overall genome-related index (OGRI), including digital DNA-DNA hybridization (<20.5%), ANI (<79.2%), and AAI (<64.2%) values, all fell below the thresholds set for novel genera. The major cellular fatty acids (>10%) of strain DY-R2A-6T were C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c and/or C18:1ω6c). Ubiquinone-10 was the main respiratory quinone. We identified the gene cluster responsible for carotenoid biosynthesis in the genome and found that the pink-pigment produced by strain DY-R2A-6T is β-carotene. In experiment with Arabidopsis seedlings, co-cultivation with strain DY-R2A-6T led to a 1.4-fold increase in plant biomass and chlorophyll content under salt stress conditions, demonstrating its capacity to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants. Moreover, external application of β-carotene to Arabidopsis seedlings under salt stress conditions also mitigated the stress significantly. Based on these findings, strain DY-R2A-6T is proposed to represent a novel genus and species in the family Aurantimonadaceae, named Jeongeuplla avenae gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is DY-R2A-6T (= KCTC 82985T = GDMCC 1.3014T). This study not only identified a new taxon but also utilized genome analysis to predict and confirm the production of β-carotene by strain DY-R2A-6T. It also demonstrated the ability of this strain to enhance salt stress tolerance in plants, suggesting potential application in agriculture to mitigate environmental stress in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmin Jiang
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuxin Peng
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Jeon
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Choe
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Rey F, Cartaxana P, Cruz S, Melo T, Domingues MR. Revealing the polar lipidome, pigment profiles, and antioxidant activity of the giant unicellular green alga, Acetabularia acetabulum. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:1025-1040. [PMID: 37485699 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae are one of the most important sources of high-value compounds such as polar lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, photosynthetic pigments, or secondary metabolites with interesting features for different niche markets. Acetabularia acetabulum is a macroscopic green single-celled alga, with a single nucleus hosted in the rhizoid. This alga is one of the most studied dasycladalean species and represents an important model system in cell biology studies. However, its lipidome and pigment profile have been overlooked. Total lipid extracts were analyzed using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HILIC-HRMS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant capacity of lipid extracts was tested using DPPH and ABTS assays. Lipidomics identified 16 polar lipid classes, corresponding to glycolipids, betaine lipids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids, with a total of 191 lipid species, some of them recognized by their bioactivities. The most abundant polar lipids were glycolipids. Lipid classes less studied in algae were identified, such as diacylglyceryl-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine (DGCC) or hexosylceramide (HexCer). The pigment profile of A. acetabulum comprised carotenoids (17.19%), namely cis-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, lutein and β,β-carotene, and chlorophylls a and b (82.81%). A. acetabulum lipid extracts showed high antioxidant activity promoting a 50% inhibition (IC50 ) with concentrations of 57.91 ± 1.20 μg · mL-1 (438.18 ± 8.95 μmol Trolox · g-1 lipid) in DPPH and 20.55 ± 0.60 μg · mL-1 in ABTS assays (918.56 ± 27.55 μmol Trolox · g-1 lipid). This study demonstrates the potential of A. acetabulum as a source of natural bioactive molecules and antioxidant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felisa Rey
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cartaxana
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Cruz
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- ECOMARE-Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Mass Spectrometry Centre & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Tounsi L, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Hentati O, Derbel H, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S. Microalgae: A Promising Source of Bioactive Phycobiliproteins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:440. [PMID: 37623721 PMCID: PMC10456337 DOI: 10.3390/md21080440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins are photosynthetic light-harvesting pigments isolated from microalgae with fluorescent, colorimetric and biological properties, making them a potential commodity in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. Hence, improving their metabolic yield is of great interest. In this regard, the present review aimed, first, to provide a detailed and thorough overview of the optimization of culture media elements, as well as various physical parameters, to improve the large-scale manufacturing of such bioactive molecules. The second section of the review offers systematic, deep and detailed data about the current main features of phycobiliproteins. In the ultimate section, the health and nutritional claims related to these bioactive pigments, explaining their noticeable potential for biotechnological uses in various fields, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Tounsi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- INRAE, Animal Research Unit and Functionalities of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Lorraine, USC 340, F-54000 Nancy, France;
| | - Ons Hentati
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Hana Derbel
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Enzymatic Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, Algae Biotechnology Team, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; (L.T.); (H.B.H.); (O.H.); (H.D.); (S.A.)
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9
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Mapelli-Brahm P, Gómez-Villegas P, Gonda ML, León-Vaz A, León R, Mildenberger J, Rebours C, Saravia V, Vero S, Vila E, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. Microalgae, Seaweeds and Aquatic Bacteria, Archaea, and Yeasts: Sources of Carotenoids with Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Health-Promoting Actions in the Sustainability Era. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:340. [PMID: 37367666 DOI: 10.3390/md21060340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are a large group of health-promoting compounds used in many industrial sectors, such as foods, feeds, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceuticals, and colorants. Considering the global population growth and environmental challenges, it is essential to find new sustainable sources of carotenoids beyond those obtained from agriculture. This review focuses on the potential use of marine archaea, bacteria, algae, and yeast as biological factories of carotenoids. A wide variety of carotenoids, including novel ones, were identified in these organisms. The role of carotenoids in marine organisms and their potential health-promoting actions have also been discussed. Marine organisms have a great capacity to synthesize a wide variety of carotenoids, which can be obtained in a renewable manner without depleting natural resources. Thus, it is concluded that they represent a key sustainable source of carotenoids that could help Europe achieve its Green Deal and Recovery Plan. Additionally, the lack of standards, clinical studies, and toxicity analysis reduces the use of marine organisms as sources of traditional and novel carotenoids. Therefore, further research on the processing of marine organisms, the biosynthetic pathways, extraction procedures, and examination of their content is needed to increase carotenoid productivity, document their safety, and decrease costs for their industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mapelli-Brahm
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Patricia Gómez-Villegas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Mariana Lourdes Gonda
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Antonio León-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Saravia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
| | - Silvana Vero
- Área Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Gral Flores 2124, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Eugenia Vila
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11300, Uruguay
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10
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Barone GD, Cernava T, Ullmann J, Liu J, Lio E, Germann AT, Nakielski A, Russo DA, Chavkin T, Knufmann K, Tripodi F, Coccetti P, Secundo F, Fu P, Pfleger B, Axmann IM, Lindblad P. Recent developments in the production and utilization of photosynthetic microorganisms for food applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14708. [PMID: 37151658 PMCID: PMC10161259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing use of photosynthetic microorganisms for food and food-related applications is driving related biotechnology research forward. Increasing consumer acceptance, high sustainability, demand of eco-friendly sources for food, and considerable global economic concern are among the main factors to enhance the focus on the novel foods. In the cases of not toxic strains, photosynthetic microorganisms not only provide a source of sustainable nutrients but are also potentially healthy. Several published studies showed that microalgae are sources of accessible protein and fatty acids. More than 400 manuscripts were published per year in the last 4 years. Furthermore, industrial approaches utilizing these microorganisms are resulting in new jobs and services. This is in line with the global strategy for bioeconomy that aims to support sustainable development of bio-based sectors. Despite the recognized potential of the microalgal biomass value chain, significant knowledge gaps still exist especially regarding their optimized production and utilization. This review highlights the potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria for food and food-related applications as well as their market size. The chosen topics also include advanced production as mixed microbial communities, production of high-value biomolecules, photoproduction of terpenoid flavoring compounds, their utilization for sustainable agriculture, application as source of nutrients in space, and a comparison with heterotrophic microorganisms like yeast to better evaluate their advantages over existing nutrient sources. This comprehensive assessment should stimulate further interest in this highly relevant research topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni D. Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 14, 8010, Graz, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Jörg Ullmann
- Roquette Klötze GmbH & Co. KG, Lockstedter Chaussee 1, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Elia Lio
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna T. Germann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Nakielski
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David A. Russo
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstr. 8, D-07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ted Chavkin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Farida Tripodi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Coccetti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Technologies (SCITEC) “Giulio Natta” Italian National Research Council (CNR), via Mario Bianco 9, 20131, Milan, Italy
| | - Pengcheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan University, 58 Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou, Hainan Province, 570228, PR China
| | - Brian Pfleger
- Knufmann GmbH, Bergstraße 23, D-38486, Klötze, Germany
| | - Ilka M. Axmann
- Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Corresponding author. Synthetic Microbiology, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Lindblad
- Microbial Chemistry, Department of Chemistry–Ångström, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Dasgupta Mandal D, Majumdar S. Bacteria as biofactory of pigments: Evolution beyond therapeutics and biotechnological advancements. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 135:349-358. [PMID: 36872147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial pigments are the wonder molecules of nature that have attracted the attention of industries in recent years. To date, various synthetic pigments have been in use in food, cosmetics, and textile industries that have not only shown a notoriously toxic nature but also posed threat to the ecosystem. Moreover, nutraceuticals, fisheries, and animal husbandry were highly dependent on plant sources for products that aid in disease prevention and improve stock health. In this context, the use of bacterial pigments as new-generation colorants, food fortifiers, and supplements can hold great prospects as low-cost, healthy, and eco-friendly alternatives. The majority of studies on these compounds were restricted to antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials to date. Each of these can be highly beneficial for the development of new-generation drugs, but their other potential niche in various industries that pose health and environmental risks needs to be explored. Recent advances in novel strategies of metabolic engineering, advancements in optimization tools for the fermentation process, and the design of appropriate delivery systems will greatly expand the market of bacterial pigments in industries. This review summarizes the current technologies for enhancing production, recovery, stability, and appreciable use of bacterial pigments in industries apart from therapeutics with proper financial aspects. The toxicity perspectives have been focused to emphasize that these wonder molecules are the need of the hour and their future prospects have been highlighted. Extensive literature has been studied to include the challenges of bacterial pigments from environmental and health risk perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Dasgupta Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhasree Majumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India; Department of Zoology, Sonamukhi College, Sonamukhi, Bankura 722207, West Bengal, India
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12
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Ree Yoon H, Han S, Chul Shin S, Cheong Yeom S, Jin Kim H. -Improved natural food colorant production in the filamentous fungus Monascus ruber using CRISPR-based engineering. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112651. [PMID: 37087240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Monascus pigments have various food industry applications and are pharmacologically active. Genome sequencing-based clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technology has been implemented to increase pigment production in Monascus. To increase pigment production in M. ruber KACC46666, the CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to introduce mutations in two negative regulator genes (MpigI and MpigI'), among other genes involved in the Monascus pigment biosynthesis pathway. Dual single-guide RNAs were constructed to inactivate MpigI and MpigI'. After CRISPR/Cas9 inactivation, yellow, orange, and red pigment expression in the resulting △MpigI16-7 strain (among several Cas9-mediated mutants studied) was 2.5-, 12.4-, and 18.5-fold, respectively, higher than that in the wild-type strain. This study provides valuable information regarding CRISPR-guided metabolic engineering for natural colorant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ree Yoon
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Han
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Cheong Yeom
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jin Kim
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Hong SJ, Yim KJ, Ryu YJ, Lee CG, Jang HJ, Jung JY, Kim ZH. Improvement of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Production in Mychonastes sp. 247 by Optimizing Light Intensity and Culture Salinity Conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:260-267. [PMID: 36474324 PMCID: PMC9998206 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2211.11006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we sought to improve lutein and zeaxanthin production in Mychonastes sp. 247 and investigated the effect of environmental factors on lutein and zeaxanthin productivity in Mychonastes sp. The basic medium selection and N:P ratio were adjusted to maximize cell growth in one-stage culture, and lutein and zeaxanthin production conditions were optimized using a central composite design for two-stage culture. The maximum lutein production was observed at a light intensity of 60 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.49%, and the maximum zeaxanthin production was observed at a light intensity of 532 μE/m2/s and salinity of 0.78%. Lutein and zeaxanthin production in the optimized medium increased by up to 2 and 2.6 folds, respectively, compared to that in the basic medium. Based on these results, we concluded that the optimal conditions for lutein and zeaxanthin production are different and that optimization of light intensity and culture salinity conditions may help increase carotenoid production. This study presents a useful and potential strategy for optimizing microalgal culture conditions to improve the productivity of lutein and zeaxanthin, which has applications in the functional food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Joo Hong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung June Yim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Ryu
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Choul-Gyun Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.,Industry-Academia Interactive R&E Center for Bioprocess Innovation, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Jung
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
| | - Z-Hun Kim
- Microbial Research Department, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 37242, Republic of Korea
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14
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Adin SN, Gupta I, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Monascin and ankaflavin-Biosynthesis from Monascus purpureus, production methods, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:137-147. [PMID: 35353924 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Monascus purpureus copiously yields beneficial secondary metabolites , including Monascus pigments, which are broadly used as food additives, as a nitrite substitute in meat products, and as a colorant in the food industry. Monascus yellow pigments (monascin and ankaflavin) have shown potential antidiabetic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and antiobesity activities. Cosmetic and textile industries are other areas where it has established its potential as a dye. This paper reviews the production methods of Monascus yellow pigments, biosynthesis of Monascus pigments from M. purpureus, factors affecting yellow pigment production during fermentation, and the pharmacological properties of monascin and ankaflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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15
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Joshi K, Kumar P, Kataria R. Microbial carotenoid production and their potential applications as antioxidants: A current update. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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16
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Sun H, Wang Y, He Y, Liu B, Mou H, Chen F, Yang S. Microalgae-Derived Pigments for the Food Industry. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020082. [PMID: 36827122 PMCID: PMC9967018 DOI: 10.3390/md21020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the food industry, manufacturers and customers have paid more attention to natural pigments instead of the synthetic counterparts for their excellent coloring ability and healthy properties. Microalgae are proven as one of the major photosynthesizers of naturally derived commercial pigments, gaining higher value in the global food pigment market. Microalgae-derived pigments, especially chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, have unique colors and molecular structures, respectively, and show different physiological activities and health effects in the human body. This review provides recent updates on characteristics, application fields, stability in production and extraction processes of chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins to standardize and analyze their commercial production from microalgae. Potential food commodities for the pigment as eco-friendly colorants, nutraceuticals, and antioxidants are summarized for the target products. Then, recent cultivation strategies, metabolic and genomic designs are presented for high pigment productivity. Technical bottlenecks of downstream processing are discussed for improved stability and bioaccessibility during production. The production strategies of microalgal pigments have been exploited to varying degrees, with some already being applied at scale while others remain at the laboratory level. Finally, some factors affecting their global market value and future prospects are proposed. The microalgae-derived pigments have great potential in the food industry due to their high nutritional value and competitive production cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongjin He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haijin Mou
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shufang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Institute for Innovative Development of Food Industry, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (S.Y.)
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17
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Monascus Red Pigment Liposomes: Microstructural Characteristics, Stability, and Anticancer Activity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030447. [PMID: 36765975 PMCID: PMC9914458 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Monascus red pigments (MRPs), which are a kind of natural colorant produced by Monascus spp., are widely used in the food and health supplements industry but are not very stable during processing and storage. Thus, MRPs were embedded into liposome membranes using a thin-film ultrasonic method to improve stability in this study. Monascus red pigments liposomes (MRPL) exhibited spherical unilamellar vesicles (UV) with particle size, polydispersity indexes (PDI), and zeta potential of 20-200 nm, 0.362 ± 0.023, and -42.37 ± 0.21 mV, respectively. pH, thermal, light, metal ion, storage, and in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion stability revealed that, compared with free MRPs, liposomes embedding significantly enhanced the stability of MRPs when exposed to adverse environmental conditions. Furthermore, anticancer assay suggested that MRPL exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on MKN-28 cells by damaging the integrity of cells, with the IC50 value at 0.57 mg/mL. Overall, MRPLs possess stronger stability in external environment and in vitro simulated digestion with greater anticancer activity, indicating that MRPLs have the potential for promising application in the functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.
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18
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A Review on a Hidden Gem: Phycoerythrin from Blue-Green Algae. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010028. [PMID: 36662201 PMCID: PMC9863059 DOI: 10.3390/md21010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycoerythrin (PE) is a pink/red-colored pigment found in rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). The interest in PE is emerging from its role in delivering health benefits. Unfortunately, the current cyanobacterial-PE (C-PE) knowledge is still in the infant stage. It is essential to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of C-PE. This study aimed to review the C-PE structure, up and downstream processes of C-PE, application of C-PE, and strategies to enhance its stability and market value. In addition, this study also presented a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis on C-PE. Cyanobacteria appeared to be the more promising PE producers compared to rhodophytes, cryptophytes, and macroalgae. Green/blue light is preferred to accumulate higher PE content in cyanobacteria. Currently, the prominent C-PE extraction method is repeated freezing-thawing. A combination of precipitation and chromatography approaches is proposed to obtain greater purity of C-PE. C-PE has been widely exploited in various fields, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, therapeutics, cosmetics, biotechnology, food, and feed, owing to its bioactivities and fluorescent properties. This review provides insight into the state-of-art nature of C-PE and advances a step further in commercializing this prospective pigment.
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19
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Lin L, Xu J. Production of Fungal Pigments: Molecular Processes and Their Applications. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010044. [PMID: 36675865 PMCID: PMC9866555 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the negative environmental and health effects of synthetic colorants, pigments of natural origins of plants and microbes constitute an abundant source for the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The demands for natural alternatives, which involve natural colorants and natural biological processes for their production, have been growing rapidly in recent decades. Fungi contain some of the most prolific pigment producers, and they excel in bioavailability, yield, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale cell culture as well as downstream processing. In contrast, pigments from plants are often limited by seasonal and geographic factors. Here, we delineate the taxonomy of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments, with a focus on the biosynthesis of four major categories of pigments: carotenoids, melanins, polyketides, and azaphilones. The molecular mechanisms and metabolic bases governing fungal pigment biosynthesis are discussed. Furthermore, we summarize the environmental factors that are known to impact the synthesis of different fungal pigments. Most of the environmental factors that enhance fungal pigment production are related to stresses. Finally, we highlight the challenges facing fungal pigment utilization and future trends of fungal pigment development. This integrated review will facilitate further exploitations of pigmented fungi and fungal pigments for broad applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Medical School, School of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases (MOE), Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.X.)
| | - Jianping Xu
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (J.X.)
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20
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Zhang Z, Han T, Sui J, Wang H. Cryptochrome-mediated blue-light signal contributes to carotenoids biosynthesis in microalgae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1083387. [PMID: 36620041 PMCID: PMC9813510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1083387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as ideal cell factories for producing natural carotenoids which display favorable biological activities. As the most important abiotic factor, light not only provides energy for photosynthetic metabolism, but also regulates numerous biological processes. Blue light is the main wavelength of light that can travel through water. Previous studies have shown that blue light triggered carotenoid accumulation in several microalgae species, but the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Cryptochromes were blue-light-absorbing photoreceptors that have been found in all studied algal genomes. In this study, several different types of cryptochrome genes were cloned from Haematococcus pluvialis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Among them, cryptochrome genes HpCRY4 from H. pluvialis and PtCPF1 from P. tricornutum were upregulated under blue light treatment, in correlation with the increase of astaxanthin and fucoxanthin contents. Besides, heterologous expression and gene knockout was performed to verify the function of HpCRY4 and PtCPF1 in regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae. These results indicate that carotenoid biosynthesis in microalgae promoted by blue light was mediated by cryptochromes as photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Zhang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Han
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Jikang Sui
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao, China,Shandong Energy Research Institute, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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21
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Gupta I, Adin SN, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. β-Carotene-production methods, biosynthesis from Phaffia rhodozyma, factors affecting its production during fermentation, pharmacological properties: A review. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2517-2529. [PMID: 35048411 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene is the most treasured provitamin A carotenoid molecule exhibiting antioxidant and coloring properties and significant applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. β-Carotene has many biological functions within the human body; however, it is not synthesized within the human body, so its requirements are fulfilled through food and pharmaceuticals. Its manufacturing via chemical synthesis or extraction from plants offers low yields with excessive manufacturing expenses, which attracted the researchers toward microbial production of β-carotene. This alternative provides higher yield and low expenses and thus is more economical. Phaffia rhodozyma is a basidiomycetous yeast that is utilized to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer and to enhance immunity and antiaging in people. This paper reviews the methods of production of β-carotene, biosynthesis of β-carotene fromP. rhodozyma, factors affecting β-carotene production during fermentation, and pharmacological properties of β-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gupta
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syeda Nashvia Adin
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Bibhu Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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22
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Microencapsulation of Monascus red pigments by emulsification/internal gelation with freeze/spray-drying: Process optimization, morphological characteristics, and stability. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Mussagy CU, Oshiro A, Lima CA, Amantino CF, Primo FL, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Herculano RD. Natural fluorescent red colorants produced by Talaromyces amestolkiae as promising coloring agents for custom-made latex gloves. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Production of Natural Pigments by Penicillium brevicompactum Using Agro-Industrial Byproducts. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The demand for natural pigments for industrial applications has significantly increased. Penicillium brevicompactum was recently reported as a promising pigments producer using submerged fermentation and a synthetic culture medium containing lactose. In this work, pigment production by P. brevicompactum was studied under different fermentation conditions, namely, submerged fermentation with free (SmF) and immobilized mycelium (SmFi), and solid-state fermentation (SSF). The potential of culture media composed of agro-industrial byproducts (cheese-whey (CW) and corn steep liquor (CSL)) was investigated for the first time as low-cost alternatives to pigment production by P. brevicompactum. The fungus showed great adaptability to the different culture media and types of fermentation, being able to synthesize pigments under all the tested conditions. A culture medium composed of 34.6 g/L of CW and 8 g/L of CSL proved to be the most suitable alternative to the synthetic medium, especially under SmF and SmFi. Our data also show that different mixtures of pigments (yellow, orange, and red) can be produced depending on the medium composition and the type of fermentation. Additionally, the immobilization and reuse of biomass to produce pigments by P. brevicompactum were demonstrated for the first time, suggesting the possibility of operating under repeated batch mode at an industrial scale.
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Srimongkol P, Sangtanoo P, Songserm P, Watsuntorn W, Karnchanatat A. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment for developing economic and environmental sustainability: Current status and future prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:904046. [PMID: 36159694 PMCID: PMC9489850 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.904046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, concerns about climate change and pollution due to human activity has gained widespread attention. Microalgae have been proposed as a suitable biological platform to reduce carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, while also creating commercial sources of high-value compounds such as medicines, cosmetics, food, feed, and biofuel. Industrialization of microalgae culture and valorization is still limited by significant challenges in scaling up the production processes due to economic constraints and productivity capacities. Therefore, a boost in resource usage efficiency is required. This enhancement not only lowers manufacturing costs but also enhancing the long-term viability of microalgae-based products. Using wastewater as a nutrient source is a great way to reduce manufacturing costs. Furthermore, water scarcity is one of the most important global challenges. In recent decades, industrialization, globalization, and population growth have all impacted freshwater resources. Moreover, high amounts of organic and inorganic toxins in the water due to the disposal of waste into rivers can have severe impacts on human and animal health. Microalgae cultures are a sustainable solution to tertiary and quaternary treatments since they have the ability to digest complex contaminants. This review presents biorefineries based on microalgae from all angles, including the potential for environmental pollution remediation as well as applications for bioenergy and value-added biomolecule production. An overview of current information about microalgae-based technology and a discussion of the associated hazards and opportunities for the bioeconomy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Papassara Sangtanoo
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pajareeya Songserm
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannapawn Watsuntorn
- Panyapiwat Institute of Management Demonstration School, Pakkred, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Aphichart Karnchanatat
- Center of Excellence in Bioconversion and Bioseparation for Platform Chemical Production, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Aphichart Karnchanatat,
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Prospects of cyanobacterial pigment production: biotechnological potential and optimization strategies. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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AlFadhly NKZ, Alhelfi N, Altemimi AB, Verma DK, Cacciola F, Narayanankutty A. Trends and Technological Advancements in the Possible Food Applications of Spirulina and Their Health Benefits: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175584. [PMID: 36080350 PMCID: PMC9458102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is a kind of blue-green algae (BGA) that is multicellular, filamentous, and prokaryotic. It is also known as a cyanobacterium. It is classified within the phylum known as blue-green algae. Despite the fact that it includes a high concentration of nutrients, such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids—in particular, the necessary omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6 fatty acids—the percentage of total fat and cholesterol that can be found in these algae is substantially lower when compared to other food sources. This is the case even if the percentage of total fat that can be found in these algae is also significantly lower. In addition to this, spirulina has a high concentration of bioactive compounds, such as phenols, phycocyanin pigment, and polysaccharides, which all take part in a number of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. As a result of this, spirulina has found its way into the formulation of a great number of medicinal foods, functional foods, and nutritional supplements. Therefore, this article makes an effort to shed light on spirulina, its nutritional value as a result of its chemical composition, and its applications to some food product formulations, such as dairy products, snacks, cookies, and pasta, that are necessary at an industrial level in the food industry all over the world. In addition, this article supports the idea of incorporating it into the food sector, both from a nutritional and health perspective, as it offers numerous advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal K. Z. AlFadhly
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- Correspondence: (N.K.Z.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Nawfal Alhelfi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
| | - Ammar B. Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.K.Z.A.); (F.C.)
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut 673008, Kerala, India
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Prihanto AA, Jatmiko YD, Nurdiani R, Miftachurrochmah A, Wakayama M. Freshwater Microalgae as Promising Food Sources: Nutritional and Functional Properties. Open Microbiol J 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18742858-v16-e2206200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of researchers have predicted that the current food crisis is predicted to worsen in 2050. The prediction of this crisis is aligned with climate change causing increases in some basic foodstuff prices. Therefore, everyone should prepare to consume alternative foods at an early stage. Alternative foods have been widely developed, one of which involves microalgae. However, the type of microalgae produced by some countries on a large scale consists of only oceanic/seawater microalgae. This will have an impact on and hinder development in countries that do not have these resources. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the use of microalgae derived from freshwater. Unfortunately, freshwater microalgae are still rarely investigated for use as alternative foods. However, there is considerable potential to utilize freshwater microalgae, and these algae are very abundant and diverse. In terms of nutritional properties, compared to oceanic / seawater microalgae, freshwater microalgae contain nearly the same protein and amino acids, lipids and fatty acids, carbohydrates, and vitamins. There are even more species whose composition is similar to those currently consumed foods, such as beef, chicken, beans, eggs, and corn. In addition to dietary properties, freshwater microalgae also have functional properties, due to the presence of pigments, sterols, fatty acids, and polyphenols. Given the potential of freshwater microalgae, these aquatic resources need to be developed for potential use as future food resources.
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North by Southwest: Screening the Naturally Isolated Microalgal Strains from Different Habitats of Iran for Various Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Applications. Int J Microbiol 2022; 2022:4386268. [PMID: 35990767 PMCID: PMC9391159 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4386268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Microalgae are known as a promising source for food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel production while providing environmental advantages. The present study evaluates some newly isolated microalgal strains from north and southwest of Iran as a potential source for high-value products. Methods Primitive screening was carried out regarding growth parameters. The molecular and morphological identifications of the selected strains were performed using 18S rRNA gene sequencing. After phylogenic and evolutionary studies, the selected microalgal strains were characterized in terms of protein and pigment content, in addition to the fatty acid profile content. Besides, the CO2 fixation rate was determined to assess capability for various environmental applications. Results All of the selected strains were predominantly belonging to Scenedesmus sp. and Desmodesmus sp. The isolated Scenedesmus sp. VN 009 possessed the highest productivity content and CO2 fixation rate of 0.054 g·L−1d−1 and 0.1 g·L−1d−1, respectively. Moreover, data from GC/MS analysis demonstrated the high robustness of this strain to produce several valuable fatty acids including α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in 45% and 20% of total fatty acids. Conclusions The identified strains have a great but different potential for SCP, β-carotene, and ω-3 production, as well as CO2 fixation for environmental purposes. In this study, considering the wide range of microalgal strains in different habitats of Iran, the potential applications of native microalgae for various pharmaceutical, food, and biotechnology purposes were investigated.
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Dufossé L. Back to nature, microbial production of pigments and colorants for food use. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2022; 102:93-122. [PMID: 36064297 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pigments-producing microorganisms are quite common in Nature. However, there is a long journey from the Petri dish to the market place. Twenty-five years ago, scientists wondered if such productions would remain a scientific oddity or become an industrial reality. The answer is not straightforward as processes using fungi, bacteria or yeasts can now indeed provide carotenoids or phycocyanin at an industrial level. Another production factor to consider is peculiar as Monascus red colored food is consumed by more than one billion Asian people; however, still banned in many other countries. European and American consumers will follow as soon as "100%-guaranteed" toxin-free strains (molecular engineered strains, citrinin gene deleted strains) will be developed and commercialized at a world level. For other pigmented biomolecules, some laboratories and companies invested and continue to invest a lot of money as any combination of new source and/or new pigment requires a lot of experimental work, process optimization, toxicological studies, and regulatory approval. Time will tell whether investments in pigments such as azaphilones or anthraquinones were justified. Future trends involve combinatorial engineering, gene knock-out, and the production of niche pigments not found in plants such as C50 carotenoids or aryl carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels (CHEMBIOPRO), Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Agroalimentaire, Ile de La Réunion, France.
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Mohebi Najafabadi M, Naeimpoor F. Boosting β-carotene and storage materials productivities by two-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure stresses on Dunaliella salina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:609-620. [PMID: 35815399 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2095976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth and product formation of Dunaliella salina, a potent β-carotene source, were investigated under single and two-stage monochromic and mixed illuminations using two LEDs, each emitting red (R), blue (B), or white (W) light. Targeting cell growth in single-stage, WW, RR, and BB, as well as RB illumination, were compared and mixed RB illumination was found most supportive showing the highest cell growth of 1.81 ± 0.008 g/L. Subsequently, new two-stage illuminations (RB-BB and RB-RR) were designed to investigate growth and bio-product formation using RB illumination similarly in the 1st stage followed by separate BB and RR illuminations within the 2nd stage. RB-BB strategy resulted in enhanced productivities of lipid (7.6 mg/L/day), starch (20 mg/L/day), and β-carotene (0.4 mg/L/day) which were respectively higher by 80, 70, and 81% compared to single-stage control (WW). RB-RR strategy stimulated cell growth while it resulted in decreased productivities of products (other than chlorophyll). The highest biomass level of 2.2 g/L and nitrate removal of 80% were obtained in RB-RR while RB-BB resulted in the lowest values of 1.2 g/L and 48%, respectively. Appropriate selection of illuminations in two-stage strategies, therefore, functions to enhance the productivity of important metabolites or cell growth which can have generic applications in other microalgae.NOVELTY STATEMENTAlthough the effects of a variety of stressful conditions on microalgae product lines have been investigated so far, the effects of two-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure as a light management strategy have not yet been considered. This strategy was inspired by the fact that cell mass alongside the cell content of a product contributes to product productivity. Accordingly, the growth of Dunaliella salina was first examined under single-stage mixed and monochromatic exposure where mixed red-blue light led to the highest biomass formation. Shifting from mixed to different monochromatic exposures was then examined as a stress factor to stimulate product formation. Higher cell factories obtained under mixed exposure in the 1st stage escalated product productivities within the 2nd stage when exposed to monochromatic light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mohebi Najafabadi
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Naeimpoor
- Biotechnology Research Laboratory, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
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Farawahida AH, Palmer J, Flint S. Monascus spp. and citrinin: Identification, selection of Monascus spp. isolates, occurrence, detection and reduction of citrinin during the fermentation of red fermented rice. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 379:109829. [PMID: 35863149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Red fermented rice (RFR) is rice fermented using Monascus spp. This product contains monacolin K, providing health benefits including mitigation of diarrhoea and improving blood circulation. RFR can produce pigments that can act as natural colour and flavouring agents. However, Monascus spp. (a fungal starter to ferment RFR) can also produce the mycotoxin, citrinin (CIT) which is believed to have adverse effects on human health. CIT in RFR has been reported worldwide by using different methods of detection. This review focuses on the production of RFR by solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF), the occurrence of CIT in RFR, CIT quantification, the factors affecting the growth of Monascus spp., pigments and CIT production in RFR, and possible methods to reduce CIT in RFR. This review will help the food industries, researchers, and consumers understand the risk of consuming RFR, and the possibility of controlling CIT in RFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Halim Farawahida
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Jon Palmer
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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Role of the Gene ndufs8 Located in Respiratory Complex I from Monascus purpureus in the Cell Growth and Secondary Metabolites Biosynthesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070655. [PMID: 35887413 PMCID: PMC9319538 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous work revealed that the anabolism of Monascus secondary metabolites is closely related to cofactor metabolism. In this study, we have further investigated the regulation mechanisms of respiratory complex I in response to the cell growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesis of M. purpureus. The results showed that downregulating the mRNA level of gene ndufs8 in M. purpureus sharply increased the secondary metabolites biosynthesis, cell growth and glucose consumption rates at the fermentation metaphase; slightly increased the colony diameter and biomass, and dramatically changed the mycelia morphology; and decreased the tolerances to environmental factors (especially H2O2). It also significantly inhibited the enzymes activities of respiratory complex I, III and superoxide dismutase, but stimulated that of complex II, IV and peroxidase, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and a decrease in ATP concentration. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of genes involved in respiratory chain, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid degradation were downregulated, but those in the citrinin and monascus pigment biosynthesis and related pathways were upregulated. These data revealed that complex I plays a vital role in regulating the cell growth and secondary metabolism of Monascus via changing the intracellular ROS and ATP levels.
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Techno-economic modelling of high-value metabolites and secondary products from microalgae cultivated in closed photobioreactors with supplementary lighting. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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The pharmaco-therapy potential of astaxanthin: human and animal targeting roles. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The recent pandemic stress and the impacts of climatic changes on humans’ and animals’ health status and well-being resulted in severe drawbacks. Initially, stress-induced oxidation resulting from the generation of free radicals leading to the impairment of cellular function and a high possibility of attack with infection. Astaxanthin is a bioactive material derived from fish, crustaceans, and algae with high antioxidative potential. Astaxanthin is a lipid-soluble carotenoid that can easily cross through the cellular membrane layers to catch the reactive oxygen metabolites. Astaxanthin also has pigmentation properties making it suitable for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, nutraceutical, agriculture, and aquaculture sectors. Recently, astaxanthin is suggested as a natural scavenger for free radicals induced by COVID-19. Besides, using astaxanthin as antioxidative and immunostimulant agents is well-reported in several clinical studies. The output of these investigations should be simplified and presented to the scientific community to utilize the available information and fill the gap of knowledge. Also, it is necessary to update the researchers with the recent recommendations of applying astaxanthin in vivo and in vitro to help in proposing new horizons for engaging natural antioxidative agents to protect human and animal health. Herein, this review article tackled the nature, sources, potential roles, applicable sides, and availability of astaxanthin to fortify the scientific community with the required knowledge for further research efforts.
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Efficient extraction of carrageenans from Chondrus crispus for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and formulation of printable hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:553-566. [PMID: 35245577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The integral utilization of sustainable resources with versatile, efficient and cleaner processes is encouraged. Hydrothermal treatment with subcritical water is a chemical free, tunable and rapid technology providing enhanced yield compared to conventional extraction and was explored for the benign by design extraction and depolymerization of carrageenan from Chondrus crispus. Up to 90% of the seaweed was solubilized operating under nonisothermal regime during heating up to 200 °C and 75.5% crude carrageenan yield was attained at 140 °C. Crude carrageenan could not be precipitated by ethanol from the extracts produced at 180 °C and higher temperatures, but ultrafiltration (100 kDa) of the extract obtained at 160 °C provided comparable recovery yields and similar rheological features to those of the ethanol precipitated product. Operation at 140 °C was preferred based on the higher recovery yield of the biopolymer and the whole extract was suitable for the green synthesis of polycrystalline decahedral quasi-spherical gold nanoparticles with a mean size distribution of 8.4 nm and Z potential value of -40.2 mV. Alternatively, the crude carrageen fraction was used for the formulation of printable biopolymer based gels with suitable mechanical properties, including a relevant gel strength enhancement (about 10-fold) when compared with conventional procedures.
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Gao J, Song C, Zhang J, Hu Y, Shao Y. Mrada3 is required for sexual reproduction and secondary metabolite production in industrial fungi Monascus strain. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:591-606. [PMID: 35451171 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Monascus spp. are valuable industrial fungi for producing beneficial compounds. Since sporulation is often coupled with the production of secondary metabolites, the current study was performed to investigate how Mrada3 regulated asexual and sexual development and the production of edible pigments and mycotoxin. METHODS AND RESULTS The functional characteristics of Mrada3 were identified by gene deletion and overexpression in Monascus ruber M7 (the wild-type, WT). The results revealed that the ΔMrada3 strain aborted sexual development, but it produced many more conidia than WT. RNA-Seq data showed the deletion of Mrada3 altered the expression levels of partial genes involved in sexual and asexual development. In addition, the deletion of Mrada3 also resulted in slower growth, lower pigment production, and increased citrinin yield at the late period. For the Mrada3-overexpressed strain, the number of ascospores and pigment content were significantly higher than those of WT, but citrinin was slightly lower than that of WT. CONCLUSIONS The Mrada3 gene plays a vital role in the sporulation development and secondary metabolism of Monascus species. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Mrada3 is first identified as an essential regulator for sexual development in Monascus species, enriching the regulatory knowledge of sexual development in filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cuina Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditionally Fermented Foods, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanchun Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Traditionally Fermented Foods, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Mussagy CU, Gonzalez-Miquel M, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pereira JFB. Microbial torularhodin – a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:540-558. [PMID: 35430937 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for food, feed, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical supplements/additives from natural sources has been rapidly increasing, with expectations for a faster expansion than the growth of the global markets in the coming years. In this framework, a particular interest is given to carotenoids due to their outstanding antioxidant activities, particularly the xanthophylls class. Torularhodin is one of these carotenoids that stands out for its multifunctional role as: antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobial, yet its commercial potential is still unexplored. Although most xanthophylls can be naturally found in: microbial, plant and animal sources, torularhodin is only produced by microbial species, especially red oleaginous yeast. The microbial production of xanthophylls has many advantages as compared to other natural sources, such as: the need for low production area, easier extraction, high yields (at optimum operating conditions), and low (or no) seasonal, climatic, and geographic variation dependency. Due to the importance of natural products and their relevance to the market, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the: properties, characteristics and potential health benefits of torularhodin. Moreover, the most promising developments in both upstream and downstream processing to obtain this colorant from microbial sources are considered. For this purpose, the main microorganisms used for torularhodin production are firstly reviewed, including biosynthesis pathway and torularhodin properties. Following, an overall analysis of the processing aspects related with its: extraction, separation and purification is provided. Lastly, current status and future trends of torularhodin-based processes and products such as therapeutic agents or biomaterials are discussed, indicating promising directions toward biorefinery and circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U. Mussagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gonzalez-Miquel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Higher Technical School of Industrial Engineers, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valeria C. Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge F. B. Pereira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Rua Sílvio Lima, University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Coimbra, Portugal
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Fan X, Han J, Zhang F, Chen W. Red yeast rice: a functional food used to reduce hyperlipidemia. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2043894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, Shanghai, China
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Singh RV, Sambyal K. An overview of β-carotene production: Current status and future prospects. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang S, Zhao W, Nkechi O, Lu P, Bai J, Lin Q, Liu J. Utilization of low-cost agricultural by-product rice husk for Monascus pigments production via submerged batch-fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2454-2463. [PMID: 34642943 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monascus pigments (MPs) produced by the genus Monascus, have been utilized for more than 2000 years in the food industry. In the present study, by submerged batch-fermentation (SBF), we were able to obtain a mutant strain with a high tolerance of inhibitory compounds generated from rice husk hydrolysate, allowing the production of MPs. RESULTS The mutant strain, M. Purpureus M523 with high rice husk hydrolysate tolerance was obtained using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) screening system, producing 39.48 U mL-1 extracellular total MPs (yellow and orange MPs), using non-detoxified rice husk diluted sulfuric acid hydrolysate (RHSAH) as the carbon source in SBF. Extracellular MPs (exMPs) production was enhanced to 72.1 and 80.7 U mL-1 in supplemented SBF (SSBF) and immobilized fermentation (IF) using non-detoxified RHSAH, with productivities of 0.16 and 0.37 U mL-1 h-1 , respectively. In addition, our findings revealed that despite having a high RHSAH tolerance, the mutant strain was unable to degrade phenolic compounds. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibitory compounds, including furfural (Fur) and 5'-hydroxymethyl furfural (5'-HMF), not only inhibit MP biosynthesis, but also regulate the conversion of pigment components. CONCLUSION The low-cost agricultural by-product, rice husk, can serve as an efficient substitute for MP production with high productivity via IF by Monascus spp. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
- Henan Zhumadian Agricultural School, Zhumadian, China
| | - Omeoga Nkechi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Pengxin Lu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-Oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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Moyo AC, Dufossé L, Giuffrida D, van Zyl LJ, Trindade M. Structure and biosynthesis of carotenoids produced by a novel Planococcus sp. isolated from South Africa. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:43. [PMID: 35305628 PMCID: PMC8933910 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Planococcus is comprised of halophilic bacteria generally reported for the production of carotenoid pigments and biosurfactants. In previous work, we showed that the culturing of the orange-pigmented Planococcus sp. CP5-4 isolate increased the evaporation rate of industrial wastewater brine effluent, which we attributed to the orange pigment. This demonstrated the potential application of this bacterium for industrial brine effluent management in evaporation ponds for inland desalination plants. Here we identified a C30-carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for pigment biosynthesis in Planococcus sp. CP5-4 through isolation of mutants and genome sequencing. We further compare the core genes of the carotenoid biosynthetic gene clusters identified from different Planococcus species’ genomes which grouped into gene cluster families containing BGCs linked to different carotenoid product chemotypes. Lastly, LC–MS analysis of saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts obtained from cultures of Planococcus sp. CP5-4, revealed the structure of the main (predominant) glucosylated C30-carotenoid fatty acid ester produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4. Results Genome sequence comparisons of isolated mutant strains of Planococcus sp. CP5-4 showed deletions of 146 Kb and 3 Kb for the non-pigmented and “yellow” mutants respectively. Eight candidate genes, likely responsible for C30-carotenoid biosynthesis, were identified on the wild-type genome region corresponding to the deleted segment in the non-pigmented mutant. Six of the eight candidate genes formed a biosynthetic gene cluster. A truncation of crtP was responsible for the “yellow” mutant phenotype. Genome annotation revealed that the genes encoded 4,4′-diapolycopene oxygenase (CrtNb), 4,4′- diapolycopen-4-al dehydrogenase (CrtNc), 4,4′-diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN), 4,4′- diaponeurosporene oxygenase (CrtP), glycerol acyltransferase (Agpat), family 2 glucosyl transferase 2 (Gtf2), phytoene/squalene synthase (CrtM), and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase enzymes. Carotenoid analysis showed that a glucosylated C30-carotenoid fatty acid ester, methyl 5-(6-C17:3)-glucosyl-5, 6′-dihydro-apo-4, 4′-lycopenoate was the main carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4. Conclusion We identified and characterized the carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster and the C30-carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4. Mass-spectrometry guided analysis of the saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts showed that methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4′-lycopenoate esterified to heptadecatrienoic acid (C17:3). Furthermore, through phylogenetic analysis of the core carotenoid BGCs of Planococcus species we show that various C30-carotenoid product chemotypes, apart from methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4′-lycopenoate and 5-glucosyl-4, 4-diaponeurosporen-4′-ol-4-oic acid, may be produced that could offer opportunities for a variety of applications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01752-1.
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Chanu NK, Mandal MK, Srivastava A, Chaurasia N. Proteomics analysis reveals several metabolic alterations in cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. NC-K1 in response to alpha-cypermethrin exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19762-19777. [PMID: 34718975 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the effect of the EC50 and LC90 concentrations of pyrethroid insecticide alpha-cypermethrin to cyanobacteria Anabaena sp. NC-K1 was investigated at different time exposures (1st day, 4th day and 7th day) with reference to growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative damage and antioxidant defence system. Superoxide dismutase (1.38-fold), peroxidase (5.04) and proline content (2.27-fold) were enhanced compared to the control. After performing 2D gel electrophoresis at 1st day EC50 exposure, where appropriate differences in the biochemical and physiological parameters were observed, 22 differentially accumulated proteins (20 upregulated and 2 downregulated) were selected for mass spectrometry. Out of 42 proteins identified, 20 upregulated protein spots were classified into twelve categories according to their metabolic functions. Proteins related to photosynthesis (phycobilisome rod-core linker polypeptide, rubisco), stress responses (Hsp70, Hsp40, catalase family peroxidase), translation (elongation factor Tu) and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl transferase) were significantly upregulated. Additionally, proteins involved in transcription and DNA repair (Snf-2 histone linker phd ring helicase, RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD and Holliday junction ATP-dependent DNA helicase RuvA) were considerably upregulated. Upregulation of these proteins against pesticide stress presumably maintained the photosynthesis, energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, transport and signalling proteins, transcription, translation and DNA repair. Additionally, these proteins might involve in sufficient detoxification of ROS and play a crucial role in damage removal and repair of oxidized proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Taken together, Anabaena sp. NC-K1 responded towards alpha-cypermethrin stress via modulating its proteome to maintain its cellular metabolism and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Kunjarani Chanu
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Madan Kumar Mandal
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India
| | - Akanksha Srivastava
- Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Neha Chaurasia
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India.
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Microalgal Biorefinery Concepts’ Developments for Biofuel and Bioproducts: Current Perspective and Bottlenecks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052623. [PMID: 35269768 PMCID: PMC8910654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have received much interest as a biofuel feedstock. However, the economic feasibility of biofuel production from microalgae does not satisfy capital investors. Apart from the biofuels, it is necessary to produce high-value co-products from microalgae fraction to satisfy the economic aspects of microalgae biorefinery. In addition, microalgae-based wastewater treatment is considered as an alternative for the conventional wastewater treatment in terms of energy consumption, which is suitable for microalgae biorefinery approaches. The energy consumption of a microalgae wastewater treatment system (0.2 kW/h/m3) was reduced 10 times when compared to the conventional wastewater treatment system (to 2 kW/h/m3). Microalgae are rich in various biomolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, pigments, vitamins, and antioxidants; all these valuable products can be utilized by nutritional, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. There are several bottlenecks associated with microalgae biorefinery. Hence, it is essential to promote the sustainability of microalgal biorefinery with innovative ideas to produce biofuel with high-value products. This review attempted to bring out the trends and promising solutions to realize microalgal production of multiple products at an industrial scale. New perspectives and current challenges are discussed for the development of algal biorefinery concepts.
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Histone deacetylase MrRpd3 plays a major regulational role in the mycotoxin production of Monascus ruber. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhou Y, Liu L, Li M, Hu C. Algal biomass valorisation to high-value chemicals and bioproducts: Recent advances, opportunities and challenges. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126371. [PMID: 34838628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Algae are considered promising biomass resources for biofuel production. However, some arguments doubt the economical and energetical feasibility of algal cultivation, harvesting, and conversion processes. Beyond biofuel, value-added bioproducts can be generated via algae conversion, which would enhance the economic feasibility of algal biorefineries. This review primarily focuses on valuable chemical and bioproduct production from algae. The methods for effective recovery of valuable algae components, and their applications are summarized. The potential routes for the conversion of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins to valuable chemicals and bioproducts are assessed from recent studies. In addition, this review proposes the following challenges for future algal biorefineries: (1) utilization of naturally grown algae instead of cultivated algae; (2) fractionation of algae to individual components towards high-selectivity products; (3) avoidance of humin formation from algal carbohydrate conversion; (4) development of strategies for algal protein utilisation; and (5) development of efficient processes for commercialization and industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, PR China.
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Mahendran MS, Antony Dhanapal ACT, Wong LS, Kasivelu G, Djearamane S. Microalgae as a Potential Source of Bioactive Food Compounds. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12944/crnfsj.9.3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular, photosynthethic organisms that can grow on diverse aquatic habitatss like ponds, lakes, rivers, oceans, waste water and humid soils. Recently, microalgae are gaining importance as renewable sources of biologically active food compounds such as polysaccharides, proteins, essential fatty acids, biopigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, astaxanthin, as well as vitamins and minerals.The bioactive food compounds of microalgae enable them to be part of multitude of applications in numerous industrial products for healthy life and ecosystem. This review article summarizes the applications of biologically active food compounds derived from microalgae as nutraceuticals, healthy dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Further, this review article highlights the importance of research focus on the identification and extraction of bioactive food compounds from the huge numbers of microlage that exist in nature for sustainable global food security and economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manishaa Sri Mahendran
- 1Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | | | - Ling Shing Wong
- 2Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Govindaraju Kasivelu
- 3MoES - Earth Science and Technology Cell (Marine Biotechnological Studies), Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai, India
| | - Sinouvassane Djearamane
- 4Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
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Inactivation of mrpigH Gene in Monascus ruber M7 Results in Increased Monascus Pigments and Decreased Citrinin with mrpyrG Selection Marker. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121094. [PMID: 34947076 PMCID: PMC8705778 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monascus pigments (MPs) have been used as food colorants for several centuries in Asian countries and are currently used around the world via Asian catering. The MPs biosynthetic pathway has been well-illustrated; however, the functions of a few genes including mrpigH in the MPs gene cluster of M. ruber M7 are still unclear. In the current study, mrpigH was disrupted in Δmrlig4ΔmrpyrG, a highly efficient gene modification system, using mrpyrG as a selection marker, and ΔmrpigHΔmrlig4ΔmrpyrG::mrpyrG and ΔmrpigHΔmrlig4ΔmrpyrG have been obtained. Subsequently, their morphologies, biomasses, MPs and citrinin (CIT) production were analyzed, respectively. These results have revealed that the deletion of mrpigH has significant effects on the morphology and growth of M. ruber M7. Moreover, compared with M. ruber M7, the yields of MPs and CIT were drastically increased and decreased in mrpigH mutants, respectively.
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Sharma R, Nath PC, Vanitha K, Tiwari ON, Bandyopadhyay TK, Bhunia B. Effects of different monosaccharides on thermal stability of phycobiliproteins from Oscillatoria sp. (BTA-170): Analysis of kinetics, thermodynamics, colour and antioxidant properties. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Christiansen JV, Isbrandt T, Petersen C, Sondergaard TE, Nielsen MR, Pedersen TB, Sørensen JL, Larsen TO, Frisvad JC. Fungal quinones: diversity, producers, and applications of quinones from Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:8157-8193. [PMID: 34625822 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quinones represent an important group of highly structurally diverse, mainly polyketide-derived secondary metabolites widely distributed among filamentous fungi. Many quinones have been reported to have important biological functions such as inhibition of bacteria or repression of the immune response in insects. Other quinones, such as ubiquinones are known to be essential molecules in cellular respiration, and many quinones are known to protect their producing organisms from exposure to sunlight. Most recently, quinones have also attracted a lot of industrial interest since their electron-donating and -accepting properties make them good candidates as electrolytes in redox flow batteries, like their often highly conjugated double bond systems make them attractive as pigments. On an industrial level, quinones are mainly synthesized from raw components in coal tar. However, the possibility of producing quinones by fungal cultivation has great prospects since fungi can often be grown in industrially scaled bioreactors, producing valuable metabolites on cheap substrates. In order to give a better overview of the secondary metabolite quinones produced by and shared between various fungi, mainly belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium, this review categorizes quinones into families such as emodins, fumigatins, sorbicillinoids, yanuthones, and xanthomegnins, depending on structural similarities and information about the biosynthetic pathway from which they are derived, whenever applicable. The production of these quinone families is compared between the different genera, based on recently revised taxonomy. KEY POINTS: • Quinones represent an important group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in important fungal genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces, Fusarium, and Arthrinium. • Quinones are of industrial interest and can be used in pharmacology, as colorants and pigments, and as electrolytes in redox flow batteries. • Quinones are grouped into families and compared between genera according to the revised taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Christiansen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Isbrandt
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - T E Sondergaard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - M R Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T B Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - J L Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 6700, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - T O Larsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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