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Zahir A, Khan IA, Nasim M, Azizi MN, Azi F. Food process contaminants: formation, occurrence, risk assessment and mitigation strategies - a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024:1-33. [PMID: 39038046 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2381210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of food can lead to the formation of potentially harmful chemicals, known as process contaminants. These are adventitious contaminants that are formed in food during processing and preparation. Various food processing techniques, such as heating, drying, grilling, and fermentation, can generate hazardous chemicals such as acrylamide (AA), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), N-nitroso compounds (NOCs), monochloropropane diols (MCPD) and their esters (MCPDE) which can be detrimental to human health. Despite efforts to prevent the formation of these compounds during processing, eliminating them is often challenging due to their unknown formation mechanisms. It is critical to identify the potential harm to human health in processed food and understand the mechanisms by which harmful compounds form during processing, as prolonged exposure to these toxic compounds can lead to health problems. Various mitigation strategies, such as the use of diverse pre- and post-processing treatments, product reformulation, additives, variable process conditions, and novel integrated processing techniques, have been proposed to control these food hazards. In this review, we summarize the formation and occurrence, the potential for harm to human health produced by process contaminants in food, and potential mitigation strategies to minimize their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadullah Zahir
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences & Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali Khan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Maazullah Nasim
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Mohammad Naeem Azizi
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Pre-Clinic, Afghanistan National Agricultural Sciences & Technology University, Kandahar, Afghanistan
| | - Fidelis Azi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, China
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2
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Rezagholizade-Shirvan A, Mohammadi M, Mazaheri Y, Fallahizadeh S, Ghorbani H, Shokri S, Shariatifar N, Darroudi M, Shamloo E. Employing a magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide nanocomposite for efficiently removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from milk samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15054. [PMID: 38956159 PMCID: PMC11220064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a highly efficient nanocomposite composed of magnetic chitosan/molybdenum disulfide (CS/MoS2/Fe3O4) for the removal of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-pyrene, anthracene, and phenanthrene. Novelty was introduced through the innovative synthesis procedure and the utilization of magnetic properties for enhanced adsorption capabilities. Additionally, the greenness of chitosan as a sorbent component was emphasized, highlighting its biodegradability and low environmental impact compared to traditional sorbents. Factors influencing PAH adsorption, such as nanocomposite dosage, initial PAH concentration, pH, and contact time, were systematically investigated and optimized. The results revealed that optimal removal efficiencies were attained at an initial PAH concentration of 150 mg/L, a sorbent dose of 0.045 g, pH 6.0, and a contact time of 150 min. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model exhibited superior fitting to the experimental data, indicating an equilibrium time of approximately 150 min. Moreover, the equilibrium adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm model, with kf and n values exceeding 7.91 mg/g and 1.20, respectively. Remarkably, the maximum absorption capacities for phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene on the sorbent were determined as 217 mg/g, 204 mg/g, and 222 mg/g, respectively. These findings underscore the significant potential of the CS/MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite for efficiently removing PAHs from milk and other dairy products, thereby contributing to improved food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mansoureh Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yeganeh Mazaheri
- Food Safety Division, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Fallahizadeh
- School of Public Health, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Samira Shokri
- Food Safety Division, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Food Safety Division, Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Shamloo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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3
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Li SX, Gao XR, Yi J, Jia LY, Ren J. A new strategy of using periphyton to simultaneously promote remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil and production of safer crops. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118149. [PMID: 38199466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated farmland leads to serious problems for human health through biomagnification in the soil-crop-human chain. In this paper, we have established a new soil remediation strategy using periphyton for the production of safer rice. Four representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were chosen to generate artificially contaminated soil. Pot experiments demonstrated that in comparison with rice cultivation in polluted soil with ΣPAHs (50 mg kg-1) but without periphyton, adding periphyton decreased ΣPAHs contents in both rice roots and shoots by 98.98% and 99.76%, respectively, and soil ΣPAHs removal reached 94.19%. Subsequently, risk assessment of ΣPAHs based on toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ), pollution load index (PLI), hazard index (HI), toxic unit for PAHs mixture (TUm), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that periphyton lowered the ecological and carcinogenicity risks of PAHs. Besides, the role of periphyton in enhancing the rice productivity was revealed. The results indicated that periphyton alleviated the oxidative stress of PAHs on rice by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Periphyton reduced the toxic stress of PAHs on the soil by promoting soil carbon cycling and metabolic activities as well. Periphyton also improved the soil's physicochemical properties, such as the percentage of soil aggregate, the contents of humic substances (HSs) and nutrients, which increased rice biomass. These findings confirmed that periphyton could improve rice productivity by enhancing soil quality and health. This study provides a new eco-friendly strategy for soil remediation and simultaneously enables the production of safe crops on contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Rong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430040, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Jun Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
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4
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Huang J, Zhang Y, Fang L, Xi F, Tang C, Ou K, Wang C. Chronic exposure to low levels of phenanthrene induces histological damage and carcinogenic risk in the uterus of female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22858-22869. [PMID: 38413531 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with low molecular weight, is detected in the environment at high frequency. To study the toxic effects of Phe on the uterine structure and function, female Kunming mice were exposed to Phe (0.05, 0.5, 5 ng/mL) for 270 days by drinking water. Pathological alterations and their action pathways were analyzed using immunohistochemical and biomolecular technology. Phe significantly increased the percentage of blood vessel area, the number of endometrial neutrophils (indicating the occurrence of inflammation), collagen deposition (indicating fibrosis), and the percentage of Ki-67-positive cells (indicating carcinogenesis) in the uterus. Transcriptome sequencing identified differentially expressed genes that were mainly enriched in some signaling pathways, including inflammation and carcinogenesis, suggesting a carcinogenic risk in the Phe-exposed uterus. Elevated serum estrogen levels and decreased progesterone levels exhibited a disturbance of steroid hormone balance, which might be related to uterine damage. Upregulated protein levels of uterine androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α were linked to the pathological effects. Most of the effects exhibited a nonmonotonic dose response, which might be attributed to the corresponding change in the serum levels of Phe. The results suggest that exposure to low levels of Phe could exert adverse effects on the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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Liu G, Zhou W, Zhang X, Zhu J, Xu X, Li Y, Zhang J, Wen C, Liang L, Liu X, Xu X. Toxicity and oxidative stress of HepG2 and HL-7702 cells induced by PAH4 using oil as a carrier. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113988. [PMID: 38309887 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a widespread class of food pollutants, are commonly exposed to humans along with edible oil. The dietary exposure pattern of PAH4 was simulated to study the toxicity and oxidative stress of oil-based PAH4 on hepatocytes. The findings demonstrated that oil-based PAH4 induced cell viability and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and promoted apoptosis and oxidative stress in a concentration-dependent manner. Benzo[a]pyrene had the strongest toxicity and HL-7702 cells were more sensitive to toxicity than HepG2 cells, due to differences in induced CYP1A enzyme activity. Oil-based PAH4 had greater cytotoxicity than PAH4, attributed to the synergistic effect of oil and PAH4. Furthermore, oil-based PAH4 induced oxidative stress in HepG2 and HL-7702 cells through the same AHR-Nrf2-KEAP1 pathway, which was elucidated by detecting genes and proteins expression. This study lays the foundation for elucidating the harm of dietary exposure to PAHs and reminds us that food composition may increase the harm of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Wanli Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Youdong Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Jixian Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Chaoting Wen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Li Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- School of Tourism and Cuisine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
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Inhibitory effect of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) extract marinades on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in roasted duck wings. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu X, Chu Q, Ma Q, Chen H, Dang X, Liu X. Fabrication and application of Zn 5 functionalized copolymer monolithic column for pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction of 4 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible oil. Food Chem 2023; 413:135605. [PMID: 36787666 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oil is a health threat. Thus, trace analysis of PAHs is of high necessity. Based on the efficient adsorption of PAHs on Zn5 metal cluster, a Zn5 functionalized copolymer monolithic column was rationally designed for pipette tip micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE). The modified Zn5 improved the adsorption selectivity and capacity of the monolith for naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Chemical doping and copolymerization stabilized the monolith with a long life. Under optimal extraction conditions, a μ-SPE-high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector method was established for the detection of 4 PAHs in edible oils. The method yielded detection ranges of 0.15-250 μg L-1 (R2 > 0.997), detection limits of 0.050-1.5 μg L-1, satisfactory recoveries (86.3-101.5 %), and high precisions (RSDs < 7.9 %). The results indicated that the Zn5 functionalized copolymer monolithic column was an ideal separation medium for the detection of PAHs residues in edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinze Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qiqi Chu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huaixia Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xueping Dang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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8
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Khalili F, Shariatifar N, Dehghani MH, Yaghmaeian K, Nodehi RN, Yaseri M, Moazzen M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meat, poultry, fish and related product samples of Iran: a risk assessment study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 21:215-224. [PMID: 37159744 PMCID: PMC10163182 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Meat, poultry, and seafood such as fish are a valuable source of protein, vitamins and minerals. Considering their high consumption in the human diet, it is necessary to study pollutants (such as PAHs) in them. This present study has focused on the PAHs level and probabilistic risk of health in meat, poultry, fish and related product samples by MSPE-GC/MS technique (magnetic solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The maximum mean of 16 PAH was detected in smoked fish samples (222.7 ± 13.2 μg/kg) and the minimum mean of 16 PAH was detected in chicken (juje) kebab (112.9 ± 7.2 µg/kg μg/kg). The maximum mean of 4PAHs was detected in tuna fish (23.7 ± 2.4 µg/kg) and the minimum mean of 4PAHs was seen in grilled chicken and sausage samples (non-detected). Our results showed the 4PAHs and B[a]P were lower than the EU (European Union) standard levels (these standard levels were 30 and 5 μg/kg, respectively). Furthermore, the correlation among the type and concentrations of PAHs congeners was investigated through cluster analysis by heat map and principal component analysis. The 90th percentile ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) of PAH compounds in fish, poultry, meat and related products samples was 3.39E-06, which was lower than the maximum acceptable level of risk (10-4). Finally, the highest ILCR was related to hamburger (4.45E-06). Therefore, there is no risk in consuming these foods in Iran, but it is necessary to monitor PAHs concentration in different types of foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khalili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nabi Shariatifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh Nodehi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Moazzen
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhang L, Nai C, Xu Y, Yao G, Lin T, Liu Y, Huang Q. Dynamic evolution and response strategy of demand in buffer zone between scattered groundwater sources and hazardous waste landfill. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:13-21. [PMID: 37236001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater contamination by landfill leachate is a major concern. Ignoring the long-term increase in leakage caused by the aging of engineered materials may lead to underestimation of the buffer distance (BFD) demand of landfills. In this study, a long-term BFD prediction model was developed by coupling an engineering material aging and defect evolution module with leachate leakage and migration transformation model, and was applicated and validated. The results showed that under landfill performance degradation, the required BFD was 2400 m, i.e., 6 times higher than under undegraded conditions. With the degradation of the performance, the BFD required to attenuate the heavy metal concentrations of groundwater increases more than the BFD required to attenuate organic pollutants. For example, the BFD required for zinc (Zn) was 5 times higher than that required for undegraded conditions, while for 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-D), the BFD was 1 times higher. Considering the uncertainties of the model parameters and structure, the BFD should be greater than 3000 m to ensure long-term safe water use under unfavorable conditions such as large leachate production and leakage, weak degradation and fast diffusion of pollutants. If the actual BFD does not meet the demand due to landfill performance degradation, the landfill owner can reduce the reliance on the BFD by reducing the waste leaching behavior. For example, the landfill in our case study would require a BFD of 2400 m, but by reducing the leaching concentration of zinc in the waste from 120 to 55 mg/L, this requirement could be reduced to 900 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Changxin Nai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ya Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.
| | - Guangyuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China; School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Technology and Business University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Qifei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Beijing 100012, China
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Yu Z, Xiang M, Ma R, Yi C, Hu G, Chen X, Liu Y, Yu Y. Development of human health criteria in China for benzo[a]pyrene: A comparison of deterministic and probabilistic approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:138104. [PMID: 36773677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Human health water quality criteria (HHWQC) for benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in Chinese rivers and lakes were established using both deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Results showed that the national bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values for BaP at trophic levels 2, 3, and 4 were 342 L/kg, 199 L/kg, and 196 L/kg, respectively. The probabilistic HHWQC for BaP was 0.00407 μg/L for both water and organisms consumption and 0.00488 μg/L for organisms consumption only, which provide a more adequate protection than the deterministic HHWQC. Approximately 32.1% of the studied waters in China exceeded the derived HHWQC, which is likely to have adverse health effects and need be considered more attention. The derived HHWQC for BaP is soly based on Chinese exposure-related activity patterns and field-measured BAFs in surface freshwaters in China, which is important to provide a scientific basis for establishing or revising water quality standards (WQS) and risk management of BaP in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Mingdeng Xiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Ruixue Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Chuan Yi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollution Damage Assessment and Environmental Health Risk Prevention and Control, Hubei Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guocheng Hu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xichao Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yupei Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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11
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Ibor OR, Nnadozie P, Ogarekpe DM, Idogho O, Anyanti J, Aizobu D, Onyezobi C, Chukwuka AV, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Public health implications of endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water and aquatic food resources in Nigeria: A state-of-the-science review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159835. [PMID: 36334666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This state-of-the-science review is aimed at identifying the sources, occurrence, and concentrations of EDCs, including potential public health risks associated with drinking water and aquatic food resources from Nigerian inland waters. A total of 6024 articles from scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online) were identified, out of which, 103 eligible articles were selected for this study. Eleven (11) classes of EDCs (OCPs, PCBs, PBDEs, PAHs, BPA, OTs, PEs, PCs, PPCPs, sterols and n-alkanes) were identified from drinking waters, river sediments and aquatic food species from Nigerian rivers, showing that OCPs were the most studied and reported EDCs. Analytical methods used were HPLC, LC-MS/MS, GC-FID, GC-ECD and GC-MS with all EDCs identified to originate from anthropogenic sources. Carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects were the highest (54.4 %) toxicological effects identified, while reproductive/endocrine disruptive effects (15.2 %) and obesogenic effects (4.3 %) were the least identified toxicological effects. The targeted hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR) were generally highest in children, compared to the adult populations, indicating age-specific toxicity. PEs produced the highest THQ (330.3) and CR (1.2) for all the EDCs in drinking water for the children population, suggesting enhanced vulnerability of this population group, compared to the adult population. Due to associated public health, wildlife and environmental risk of EDCs and their increasing concentrations in drinking water and food fish species from Nigerian inland waters, there is an urgent need for focused and strategic interventions, sensitization and policy formulation/implementation towards public health and aquatic food safety in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju R Ibor
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
| | | | - Dinah M Ogarekpe
- Center for Disaster Risk Management, Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards Regulations and Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Nigeria
| | | | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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12
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Woźniak M, Hoppe K, Drzewiecka K. Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Content in Garden Herbal Plants Using Liquid Chromatographic Analysis (HPLC-FL). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:551. [PMID: 36771635 PMCID: PMC9921261 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of chemical compounds generated as a result of the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels or wood. PAHs are known for their negative effect on living organisms, including teratogenic, carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. The objective of this study is to determine the contamination of three popular herbal species showing pro-health properties, i.e., lavender, parsley and mint, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, collected from three different backyard gardens in Poland. The concentration of PAHs in plant material was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-FL). The concentration of eleven PAHs in plant material was determined with high-pressure liquid chromatography after extraction using the QuEChERS purification technique. Mint collected within an area of a mining and energy production complex (the city of Konin) was characterized by the highest Σ of 11 PAHs, equaled to 902.35 µg/g FW, with anthracene being the most abundant compound. However, it contained the lowest sum of PAHs, among all tested plants, with high carcinogenicity. Parsley from the city of Poznań showed the highest content of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), showing the strongest carcinogenicity, while the highest value of BaP equivalent was calculated for mint collected in Konin. The obtained results suggest that the level and profile of plant contamination with PAHs depend on the species and the location of herb cultivation. In particular, mining and energy industry facilities are sources of PAHs, which contaminate plant material for further direct use or as bioactive herbal extracts.
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13
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Cheng M, Tan Z, Zeng X, Liu Z, Liu P, Ali A, Qiu H, Jiang W, Qin H. Contamination and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seasoning Flour Products in Hunan, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:963. [PMID: 36673717 PMCID: PMC9859540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants with carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects. Dietary intake is one of the significant exposure pathways of PAHs. In this study, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was used to detect 16 priority PAHs listed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in seasoning flour products distributed in Hunan Province. The consumption of seasoning flour products by the Hunan population was investigated by questionnaire. The results showed that the detection rate of PAHs in seasoning flour products in Hunan Province was 92.41%. Among them, benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), phenanthrene (PHE), fluoranthene (FLA), and chrysene (CHR) were dominant. The total PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) contents of soggy seasoning flour product samples were higher than those of crisp samples and chewy samples. The total amount of PAHs in rod-shaped and flaky samples were higher than that in filamentous and granular samples. The margin of exposure (MOE) values of various seasoning flour products and all age groups (children, adolescents, and adults) was much more significant than 10,000. Moreover, the incremental lifetime of cancer risk (ILCR) values of all age groups were below 1 × 10-5. The above results indicate that PAHs in seasoning flour products have a relatively low health risk for the Hunan population. Still, it is recommended that susceptible populations (children, adolescents, etc.) should control their intake of flour products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Cheng
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Changsha County Comprehensive Testing Center, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- Changsha County Comprehensive Testing Center, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Pingyu Liu
- Changsha County Comprehensive Testing Center, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Anwar Ali
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Huali Qiu
- Changsha County Comprehensive Testing Center, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- Changsha County Comprehensive Testing Center, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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14
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Einolghozati M, Talebi-Ghane E, Amirsadeghi S, Fereshteh mehri. Evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in processed cereals: A meta-analysis study, systematic review, and health risk assessment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Absence of significant association of trace elements in nails with urinary KIM-1 biomarker among residents of Addis Ababa in Upper Awash Basin, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. Biometals 2022; 35:1341-1358. [PMID: 36163536 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Akaki River in the Upper Awash Basin, which flows through Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, has been highly polluted by sewage from factories and residential areas. A population-based cross-sectional study was used to assess the association between trace elements and kidney injury from residents living in polluted areas downstream (Akaki-Kality) versus upstream (Gullele) in Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa. A total of 95 individuals (53 from Akaki-Kality and 42 from Gullele) were included in the study. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), lead, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, lead, manganese, zinc, iron, copper, chromium and nickel were evaluated in residents' urine and nail samples. A large proportion (74%) of the sample population contained KIM-1, including 81% residents in Akaki-Kality and 64% residents in Gullele. KIM-1 was, however, not significantly different (p = 0.05) between the two Sub-Cities, with median of 0.224 ng/mL in Akaki-Kality and 0.152 ng/mL in Gullele. Most of the analyzed elements, except Pb, As, Cd and Co, were found in all of the nail samples, with median (µg/g) in the range of 442‒714 Fe, 97.0‒246 Zn, 11.6‒24.1 Mn, 4.49‒5.85 Cu, 1.46‒1.66 Cr and 1.22‒1.41 Ni. The high incidence of KIM-1 indicates a potential for long term renal tubular damage among residents of the Sub-Cities. The concentrations of the elements in nails were, however, not significantly associated (p = 0.05) with the corresponding levels of KIM-1 in urine. Hence, the observed KIM-1 might be related to exposure to toxic substances or factors other than those included in this study.
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16
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Lele CK, Oluba OM, Adeyemi OS. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown and health risk modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Onne, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:166. [PMID: 36446906 PMCID: PMC9708509 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10670-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The people living in Onne are highly vulnerable to PAH exposure due to constant exposure to black soot through oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. This work aims to determine the PAHs profile of selected soils in Onne, to determine the health risks associated with PAHs exposure through the soil, and to determine the impact of reduced industrial and other activities on the PAHs profile and associated public health risks. This study evaluated 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) pollutants in soil samples from the four (4) major clans in Onne using a gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. The results showed a differential presence of PAHs during and after the lockdown. Of the 16 priority PAHs, 10 and 8 PAHs were respectively detected during and after the COVID-19 lockdown. High molecular weight PAHs such as benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)anthracene were major contributors during the lockdown, while low molecular weight PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluorene were present at higher levels after the lockdown. An assessment of health risk by incremental lifetime cancer risks revealed that the entire population of Onne might be at risk of cancer development across periods, though a higher risk was presented during the lockdown. In addition, children under the age of 18 may be at greater risk. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous report on the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on soil PAH profile and health risks, with particular attention to the Onne industrial host community. Earlier work considered the ecological risks of heavy metals on dumpsites in Onne. Taken together, the PAH-contaminated soil in Onne poses an immediate health concern. Therefore, reduced anthropological activities, as evident during the COVID-19 lockdown, may play a role in exposure and cancer risk reduction. While there may not be another lockdown due to the challenging impacts associated with a physical lockdown, firmly controlled economic activity can be a solution if embraced by stakeholders. The COVID-19-lockdown was encumbered with restricted movements and security checks, which limited the number of samples collected. However, the Local Government Council (Department of the Environment) granted permission for the researchers to work with a minimal threat to their lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Kelechi Lele
- Landmark University SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-Being Research Group), Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria
| | - Olarewaju Michael Oluba
- Landmark University SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-Being Research Group), Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
| | - Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi
- Landmark University SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-Being Research Group), Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Kwara State, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, 251101, Nigeria.
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17
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Li W, Wu S. Challenges of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods: Occurrence, risk, and formation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Zhu Z, Xu Y, Huang T, Yu Y, Bassey AP, Huang M. The contamination, formation, determination and control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafood by PLE-LC-APCI-MS/MS and Preliminary Risk Assessment of the Northeast Brazil Oil Spill. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Torres-Moreno C, Puente-DelaCruz L, Codling G, Villa AL, Cobo M, Klanova J, Johnson-Restrepo B. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human breast milk from Colombia: Spatial occurrence, sources and probabilistic risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111981. [PMID: 34499895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diet is the main route that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) enter the body and measuring breast milk is one of the best ways to understand the maternal body burden and can be passed on to infants. In this study, it was determinate the concentrations of 23 PAHs in 60 milk samples taken from 3 cities in Colombia and to determine the potential routes of exposure and risk to human health. On average, concentration for the ∑PAHs across all locations was 186.6 ng g-1, lipid mass (LM), with city means of 260.1, 175.7, and 123.9 ng g-1 LM for Cartagena, Bogota and Medellin, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations were used to estimate the hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for infant dietary exposure to PAHs. HQs were below the safe thresholds (HQ = 1) while ILCRs were greater than the reference value equal to 10-6 (mg kg-1day-1). Dietary source assessment indicated that fish is a significant source of PAHs, with mothers that consumed fish at least once per week having ∼2.5 times greater PAH milk concentrations than other groups. While a disparity was also observed among consumers of exclusively marine (∑PAHs 198.5 ng g-1 LM) or freshwater fish (∑PAHs 85.7 ng g-1 LM). However, geographical considerations can be significant in this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Torres-Moreno
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Laura Puente-DelaCruz
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Garry Codling
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Aída L Villa
- Environmental Catalysis Research Group, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Martha Cobo
- Energy, Materials, and Environment Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, University of La Sabana, Campus Universitario Puente del Común, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jana Klanova
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Johnson-Restrepo
- Environmental Chemistry Research Group, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University Campus of San Pablo, University of Cartagena, Zaragocilla, Carrera 50 No. 24-99, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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21
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New Methods for Testing/Determining the Environmental Exposure to Glyphosate in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Plants. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is still the subject of much debate, as several studies report its effects on the environment. Sunflower (GK Milia CL) was set up as an experimental plant and treated with glyphosate concentrations of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm in two treatments. Glyphosate was found to be absorbed from the soil into the plant organism through the roots, which was also detectable in the leaf and root. Glyphosate was also significantly detected in the plant 5 weeks after treatment and in plants that did not receive glyphosate treatment directly, so it could be taken up through the soil. Based on the morphological results, treatment with higher concentrations (1000 ppm) of glyphosate increased the dried mass and resulted in shorter, thicker roots. Histological results also showed that basal and transporter tissue distortions were observed in the glyphosate-treated plants compared to the control group. Cells were distorted with increasing concentration, vacuoles formed, and the cell wall was weakened in both the leaf-treated and inter-row-treated groups. In the future, it will be worth exploring alternative agricultural technologies that can reduce the risk of glyphosate while increasing economic outcomes. This may make the use of glyphosate more environmentally conscious.
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22
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Bejaei F, Seyedlou S, Nalbandi H, Ghassemzadeh HR. Developing the new industrial flatbread baking system using numerical technique to increase the product quality. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Bejaei
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Sadegh Seyedlou
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Habibeh Nalbandi
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Ghassemzadeh
- Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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23
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Aamir M, Yin S, Liu Y, Ullah H, Khan S, Liu W. Dietary exposure and cancer risk assessment of the Pakistani population exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143828. [PMID: 33257068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sixteen-priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in twenty-one groceries from six food groups consumed by the Pakistani population. The highest concentration of the total PAHs was found in fish (243 ng g-1), while the lowest concentration was determined in rice (53 ng g-1). The total B[a]Peq dietary exposure for the male group followed an increasing order of children (865.5 ng day-1) < adolescents (2301 ng day-1) < seniors (2864 ng day-1) < adults (3004 ng day-1), whereas the similar order was also observed for the female group. The male group showed 1-8.5% (mean 5.5%) of higher exposure amount compared to the female group. Among all food categories, wheat (43%) and milk (34%) contributed the greatest while rice (1%) and egg (1%) contributed the smallest to the total dietary exposure of PAHs. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values for the adults and children revealed a potential cancer risk to the both male and female groups. Whereas at the 95th percentiles, the ILCR values for all age and gender groups exceeded the limit (>10-5), demonstrating a high potential cancer risk in the Pakistani population. The sensitivity analysis found that the daily dietary intake, exposure duration and the cancer slope factor were the most influential variables contributed to the total variance of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aamir
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingxue Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Weiping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
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24
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Peng F, Tan Y, Zhang S, Yu X, Chen H, Dang X, Liu X. Moisture-sensitive metal-organic framework constructed from cobalt and 4-(4-pyridyl) benzoic acid for dispersive solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:1706-1715. [PMID: 33624922 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A moisture-sensitive metal-organic framework CoII (pybz)2 ·2DMF was synthesized and applied as the adsorbent of dispersive solid-phase extraction. The structure changed after water treatment due to the fact that two chelate carboxylate groups on the skeleton were transformed to monodentate because of the coordination of water molecules. The material showed good adsorption for fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in water because of the π-π conjugation and π-complexation effects. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, a dispersive solid-phase extraction method of determining the content of fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene in apple samples was established after optimizing the extraction conditions. Methanol containing 4% acetic acid was used as the effective eluent. The linearities were 0.5-1000 μg/kg for fluorene, phenanthrene and 5-1000 μg/kg for fluoranthene, pyrene. The limits of detection were 0.06-0.6 μg/kg, and the recoveries were 94.4-116.4%. The method has a high sensitivity for the determination of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Peng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Huaixia Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xueping Dang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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25
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Binello A, Cravotto G, Menzio J, Tagliapietra S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coffee samples: Enquiry into processes and analytical methods. Food Chem 2020; 344:128631. [PMID: 33261994 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered to be potentially genotoxic and carcinogenic in humans. These ubiquitous environmental pollutants may derive from the incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of organic matter. Coffee is an extensively consumed drink, and its PAHs contamination is not only ascribed to environmental pollution, but mainly to the roasting processes. Although no fixed limits have yet been set for residual PAHs in coffee, the present review intends to summarise and discuss the knowledge and recent advances in PAHs formation during roasting. Because coffee origin and brewing operations may affect PAHs content, we thoroughly analysed the literature on extraction and purification procedures, as well as the main analytical chromatographic methods for both coffee powders and brews. With regards to the safety of this appreciated commodity, the control on the entire production chain is desirable, because of coffee beverage could contribute to the daily human intake of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Binello
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy.
| | - Janet Menzio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy.
| | - Silvia Tagliapietra
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 9, 10235 Turin, Italy.
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26
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Sahin S, Ulusoy HI, Alemdar S, Erdogan S, Agaoglu S. The Presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Grilled Beef, Chicken and Fish by Considering Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment. Food Sci Anim Resour 2020; 40:675-688. [PMID: 32968721 PMCID: PMC7492177 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are dangerous chemical compounds that can be formed by cooking foods at high temperatures. The aim of this study is to determine the level of contamination of PAH compounds with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on heat treated meat samples and the consumption of PAH compounds in meat samples, as well as the dietary exposure status and possible health risk estimation. In five different heat treated meat samples (meat doner, chicken doner, meatballs, grilled chicken, and fish), the total PAH (Σ16PAH) contamination level was 6.08, 4.42, 4.45, 4.91, and 7.26 μg/kg, respectively. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in meatballs and grilled fish samples had a level 0.70 and 0.73 μg/kg. All of the samples analyzed were found to be below the EU permitted limit (5 μg/kg) in terms of BaP. Estimates of daily intake (EDI) for a total of 16PAH in heat treated meat doner, chicken doner, meatballs, grilled chicken and fish samples were 3.41, 3.71, 2.49, 4.12, and 1.77 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. In this study, the average margin of exposure (MOE) value calculated was found in the range of 179.487 and 425.000 for BaP and PAH4. This study is the first study to provide important information in terms of evaluating the possible health risk that PAH compounds can create in people's diets due to heat treatment of meat and meat products in Sivas, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyda Sahin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University,
Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Ulusoy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University,
Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Alemdar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University,
Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - Selim Erdogan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Inonu University, Malatya
44069, Turkey
| | - Sema Agaoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University,
Sivas 58140, Turkey
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27
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Gao W, Bai L, Ke R, Cui Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Jiang G. Distributions and Congener Group Profiles of Short-Chain and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Cooking Oils in Chinese Markets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7601-7608. [PMID: 32530629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are organic pollutants that have caused widespread concerns in recent years. Because of their lipophilic characteristics, CPs may enter into the body through diet or other routes and exert adverse effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and congener profiles of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in 176 cooking oils and 19 oil containers collected from various markets in China. The concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in cooking oils were in the range of not detected (ND) to 16,055 ng/g and ND to 11,612 ng/g, respectively, and the geomean concentrations of MCCPs were lower than those of SCCPs. The concentrations of CPs in sesame oil, rapeseed oil, and camellia oil were higher than those in other types of oils, and different oil processing methods had different effects on the presence of CPs in the oils. CPs were detected in 5 out of 20 oil containers, although their concentrations were much lower than those detected in the oil samples, indicating that containers are not the main sources of CPs detected in the oils. The mean SCCP and MCCP intakes through cooking oils of the general Chinese population were 8.83 and 6.09 μg/kg/d, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runhui Ke
- Chinese National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Yang Cui
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Chinese National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd, Beijing 100016, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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28
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Prakash J, Mishra AK. Simultaneous Quantification of Multiple Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Media using Micelle Assisted White Light Excitation Fluorescence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8921. [PMID: 32488103 PMCID: PMC7265557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65788-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative display of multiple fluorescent analytes is made simple and reliable in this micelle assisted methodology. The adopted method involves micelle assisted evincing of ppb level of PAHs in water; measurement of total fluorescence (white light excitation fluorescence, WLEF) and data deciphering using multivariate analysis. This protocol yields sensitive and accurate quantification of the cancerous pollutants (PAHs) in aqueous media with Limit of Quantification of the order 1-10 μg/L and accuracy of >98%. The use of WLEF enables the simultaneous acquisition of fluorescence signatures of all the PAHs. It has the additional advantage of being portable, layman-friendly and cost-effective. The optimized amount of surfactants for the simultaneous extraction of PAHs from real samples was estimated as 27.8 mg (19.3 mM) of SDS and 9.1 mg (5 mM) of CTAB. Also, the analytical fidelity of the quantification such as percentage recovery (98 ± 2%), linear dynamic range (2-250 μg/L), RMSEP (<0.5), etc. explains the veracity of methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600 036, India.
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30
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Dehadri T, Dehdari L. The Effect of a Short Message-Based Nutrition Education Intervention on Employees’ Knowledge and Practice in Terms of Adopting the Methods of Inhibition of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Formation in the Cooked Meat. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1754866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Dehadri
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Dehdari
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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31
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Wu F, Tian K, Wang J, Bao H, Luo W, Zhang H, Hong H. Accumulation and translocation of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in winter wheat affected by soil water content. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109567. [PMID: 31442802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are universal organic pollutants in the agro ecosystems in China, therefore, it is important to understand the uptake and accumulation of PAHs in crops growing on PAHs contaminated soils for human health risk assessments. Water management is a common practice to maintain high grain yields during wheat production. However, the effects of soil water content on the accumulation and translocation of PAHs in wheat are still not clear. The main objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of soil water content on the accumulation of three selected PAHs (Σ3PAHs, phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene) in wheat during whole plant growth stage and on translocation or remobilization of Σ3PAHs from vegetative tissues to wheat grains. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Xiaoyan22) were grown on Σ3PAHs spiked soils maintaining 80%, 60% or 40% water-holding capacity during the whole plant growth stage. Plant samplings were performed at jointing, anthesis or maturity stage, respectively. The present study showed that grain yield and biomass of the crop increased with soil water content increasing. Transpiration rate of wheat leaf under 80% and 60% water-holding capacity treatments was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that under 40% water-holding capacity treatment at both anthesis and filling stage. Soil water content and plant growth stage had significant (p < 0.0001) effects on concentrations of phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in winter wheat. When exposed to 0, 15, 60, and 150 mg kg-1 Σ3PAHs in soils, Σ3PAHs concentrations in the grains under 60% water-holding capacity treatment were 46.6%, 69.9%, 89.5% and 81.7% of those under 80% water-holding capacity treatment, respectively. The highest concentrations of Σ3PAHs in the crop were recorded at anthesis stage. The distribution of PAHs in different tissues of wheat varied among different soil water treatments and plant growth stages. The present study indicated that optimizing soil water content during winter wheat production could apparently reduce concentrations of Σ3PAHs in grains via influence root uptake of Σ3PAHs and translocation of Σ3PAHs from stem or leaf into grain, suggesting the potential of water management to cope with PAHs contamination in crops growing on PAHs contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Kai Tian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huanyu Bao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wanqing Luo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China
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32
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Li ZL, Li N, Du L, Wang YH, Fang B, Wang MM, Wang Q. Determination of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine using graphene oxide incorporated monolith solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3234-3242. [PMID: 31402580 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The biomonitoring of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine, as a direct way to access multiple exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has raised great concerns due to their increasing hazardous health effects on humans. Solid-phase extraction is an effective and useful technique to preconcentrate trace analytes from biological samples. Here, we report a novel solid-phase extraction method using a graphene oxide incorporated monolithic syringe for the determination of six hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of graphene oxide amount, washing solvent, eluting solvent, and its volume on the extraction performance were investigated. The fabricated monoliths gave higher adsorption efficiency and capacity than the neat polymer monolith and commercial C18 sorbent. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.02-0.1 ng/mL and the linear ranges of 0.1-1500 ng/mL for six analytes in urine sample. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 77.5 to 97.1%. Besides, the intra column-to-column (n = 3) and inter batch-to-batch (n = 3) precisions were ≤ 9.8%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples of coke oven workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ling Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Li Du
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Fang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Man-Man Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
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33
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Trends of research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food: A 20-year perspective from 1997 to 2017. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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