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Farzad N, Enninful A, Bao S, Zhang D, Deng Y, Fan R. Spatially resolved epigenome sequencing via Tn5 transposition and deterministic DNA barcoding in tissue. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01013-y. [PMID: 38943021 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Spatial epigenetic mapping of tissues enables the study of gene regulation programs and cellular functions with the dependency on their local tissue environment. Here we outline a complete procedure for two spatial epigenomic profiling methods: spatially resolved genome-wide profiling of histone modifications using in situ cleavage under targets and tagmentation (CUT&Tag) chemistry (spatial-CUT&Tag) and transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (spatial-ATAC-sequencing) for chromatin accessibility. Both assays utilize in-tissue Tn5 transposition to recognize genomic DNA loci followed by microfluidic deterministic barcoding to incorporate spatial address codes. Furthermore, these two methods do not necessitate prior knowledge of the transcription or epigenetic markers for a given tissue or cell type but permit genome-wide unbiased profiling pixel-by-pixel at the 10 μm pixel size level and single-base resolution. To support the widespread adaptation of these methods, details are provided in five general steps: (1) sample preparation; (2) Tn5 transposition in spatial-ATAC-sequencing or antibody-controlled pA-Tn5 tagmentation in CUT&Tag; (3) library preparation; (4) next-generation sequencing; and (5) data analysis using our customed pipelines available at: https://github.com/dyxmvp/Spatial_ATAC-seq and https://github.com/dyxmvp/spatial-CUT-Tag . The whole procedure can be completed on four samples in 2-3 days. Familiarity with basic molecular biology and bioinformatics skills with access to a high-performance computing environment are required. A rudimentary understanding of pathology and specimen sectioning, as well as deterministic barcoding in tissue-specific skills (e.g., design of a multiparameter barcode panel and creation of microfluidic devices), are also advantageous. In this protocol, we mainly focus on spatial profiling of tissue region-specific epigenetic landscapes in mouse embryos and mouse brains using spatial-ATAC-sequencing and spatial-CUT&Tag, but these methods can be used for other species with no need for species-specific probe design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Farzad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Archibald Enninful
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shuozhen Bao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yanxiang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Thomas M, Jaber Sathik Rifayee SB, Chaturvedi SS, Gorantla KR, White W, Wildey J, Schofield CJ, Christov CZ. The Unique Role of the Second Coordination Sphere to Unlock and Control Catalysis in Nonheme Fe(II)/2-Oxoglutarate Histone Demethylase KDM2A. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10737-10755. [PMID: 38781256 PMCID: PMC11168414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nonheme Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent histone lysine demethylases 2A (KDM2A) catalyze the demethylation of the mono- or dimethylated lysine 36 residue in the histone H3 peptide (H3K36me1/me2), which plays a crucial role in epigenetic regulation and can be involved in many cancers. Although the overall catalytic mechanism of KDMs has been studied, how KDM2 catalysis takes place in contrast to other KDMs remains unknown. Understanding such differences is vital for enzyme redesign and can help in enzyme-selective drug design. Herein, we employed molecular dynamics (MD) and combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) to explore the complete catalytic mechanism of KDM2A, including dioxygen diffusion and binding, dioxygen activation, and substrate oxidation. Our study demonstrates that the catalysis of KDM2A is controlled by the conformational change of the second coordination sphere (SCS), specifically by a change in the orientation of Y222, which unlocks the 2OG rearrangement from off-line to in-line mode. The study demonstrates that the variant Y222A makes the 2OG rearrangement more favorable. Furthermore, the study reveals that it is the size of H3K36me3 that prevents the 2OG rearrangement, thus rendering the enzyme inactivity with trimethylated lysine. Calculations show that the SCS and long-range interacting residues that stabilize the HAT transition state in KDM2A differ from those in KDM4A, KDM7B, and KDM6A, thus providing the basics for the enzyme-selective redesign and modulation of KDM2A without influencing other KDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun
George Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | | | - Shobhit S. Chaturvedi
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Koteswara Rao Gorantla
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Walter White
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Jon Wildey
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford
Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University
of Oxford, 12, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 5JJ, U.K.
| | - Christo Z. Christov
- Department
of Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan
Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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3
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Rodriguez-Izquierdo A, Carrasco D, Anand L, Magnani R, Catarecha P, Arroyo-Garcia R, Rodriguez Lopez CM. Epigenetic differences between wild and cultivated grapevines highlight the contribution of DNA methylation during crop domestication. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:504. [PMID: 38840239 PMCID: PMC11155169 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The domestication process in grapevines has facilitated the fixation of desired traits. Nowadays, vegetative propagation through cuttings enables easier preservation of these genotypes compared to sexual reproduction. Nonetheless, even with vegetative propagation, various phenotypes are often present within the same vineyard due to the accumulation of somatic mutations. These mutations are not the sole factors influencing phenotype. Alongside somatic variations, epigenetic variation has been proposed as a pivotal player in regulating phenotypic variability acquired during domestication. The emergence of these epialleles might have significantly influenced grapevine domestication over time. This study aims to investigate the impact of domestication on methylation patterns in cultivated grapevines. Reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing was conducted on 18 cultivated and wild accessions. Results revealed that cultivated grapevines exhibited higher methylation levels than their wild counterparts. Differential Methylation Analysis between wild and cultivated grapevines identified a total of 9955 differentially methylated cytosines, of which 78% were hypermethylated in cultivated grapevines. Functional analysis shows that core methylated genes (consistently methylated in both wild and cultivated accessions) are associated with stress response and terpenoid/isoprenoid metabolic processes. Meanwhile, genes with differential methylation are linked to protein targeting to the peroxisome, ethylene regulation, histone modifications, and defense response. Collectively, our results highlight the significant roles that epialleles may have played throughout the domestication history of grapevines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodriguez-Izquierdo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lakshay Anand
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Roberta Magnani
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Pablo Catarecha
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Arroyo-Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP-INIA), CSIC - Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos M Rodriguez Lopez
- Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group (EEGG), Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Crosswhite P, Sun Z. TNFα Induces DNA and Histone Hypomethylation and Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Partly via Excessive Superoxide Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:677. [PMID: 38929115 PMCID: PMC11200563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is upregulated during the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension. A hallmark of pulmonary arterial (PA) remodeling is the excessive proliferation of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TNF-α induces PASMC proliferation and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: PASMCs were isolated from 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats and treated with 0, 20, or 200 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 or 48 h. After treatment, cell number, superoxide production, histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and histone methylation were assessed. Results: TNF-α treatment increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and cell numbers compared to untreated controls. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation was rescued by a superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol. TNF-α treatment did not affect histone acetylation at either dose but did significantly decrease DNA methylation. DNA methyltransferase 1 activity was unchanged by TNF-α treatment. Further investigation using QRT-RT-PCR revealed that GADD45-α, a potential mediator of DNA demethylation, was increased after TNF-α treatment. RNAi inhibition of GADD45-α alone increased DNA methylation. TNF-α impaired the epigenetic mechanism leading to DNA hypomethylation, which can be abolished by a superoxide scavenger tempol. TNF-α treatment also decreased H3-K4 methylation. TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may involve the H3-K4 demethylase enzyme, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1). Conclusions: TNF-α-induced PASMC proliferation may be partly associated with excessive superoxide formation and histone and DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crosswhite
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Human Physiology, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA 99205, USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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5
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Ghate NB, Nadkarni KS, Barik GK, Tat SS, Sahay O, Santra MK. Histone ubiquitination: Role in genome integrity and chromatin organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195044. [PMID: 38763317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is a precise but tedious and complex job for the cell. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) play vital roles in maintaining the genome integrity. Although ubiquitination is one of the most crucial PTMs, which regulates the localization and stability of the nonhistone proteins in various cellular and developmental processes, ubiquitination of the histones is a pivotal epigenetic event critically regulating chromatin architecture. In addition to genome integrity, importance of ubiquitination of core histones (H2A, H2A, H3, and H4) and linker histone (H1) have been reported in several cellular processes. However, the complex interplay of histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, as well as the intricate chromatin architecture and dynamics, pose a significant challenge to unravel how histone ubiquitination safeguards genome stability. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the interactions between histone ubiquitination and other PTMs, and their role in preserving genome integrity. Here, we review all types of histone ubiquitinations known till date in maintaining genomic integrity during transcription, replication, cell cycle, and DNA damage response processes. In addition, we have also discussed the role of histone ubiquitination in regulating other histone PTMs emphasizing methylation and acetylation as well as their potential implications in chromatin architecture. Further, we have also discussed the involvement of deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) in controlling histone ubiquitination in modulating cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Baban Ghate
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
| | - Kaustubh Sanjay Nadkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Sharad Shriram Tat
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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6
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Lee KH, Kim J, Kim JH. 3D epigenomics and 3D epigenopathies. BMB Rep 2024; 57:216-231. [PMID: 38627948 PMCID: PMC11139681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian genomes are intricately compacted to form sophisticated 3-dimensional structures within the tiny nucleus, so called 3D genome folding. Despite their shapes reminiscent of an entangled yarn, the rapid development of molecular and next-generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has revealed that mammalian genomes are highly organized in a hierarchical order that delicately affects transcription activities. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that 3D genome folding is implicated in diseases, giving us a clue on how to identify novel therapeutic approaches. In this review, we will study what 3D genome folding means in epigenetics, what types of 3D genome structures there are, how they are formed, and how the technologies have developed to explore them. We will also discuss the pathological implications of 3D genome folding. Finally, we will discuss how to leverage 3D genome folding and engineering for future studies. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(5): 216-231].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hwan Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jungyu Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ji Hun Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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7
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Kidder BL. Decoding the universal human chromatin landscape through teratoma-based profiling. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3589-3606. [PMID: 38281248 PMCID: PMC11039989 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Teratoma formation is key for evaluating differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into embryonic germ layers and serves as a model for understanding stem cell differentiation and developmental processes. Its potential for insights into epigenome and transcriptome profiling is significant. This study integrates the analysis of the epigenome and transcriptome of hESC-generated teratomas, comparing transcriptomes between hESCs and teratomas. It employs cell type-specific expression patterns from single-cell data to deconvolve RNA-Seq data and identify cell types within teratomas. Our results provide a catalog of activating and repressive histone modifications, while also elucidating distinctive features of chromatin states. Construction of an epigenetic signature matrix enabled the quantification of diverse cell populations in teratomas and enhanced the ability to unravel the epigenetic landscape in heterogeneous tissue contexts. This study also includes a single cell multiome atlas of expression (scRNA-Seq) and chromatin accessibility (scATAC-Seq) of human teratomas, further revealing the complexity of these tissues. A histology-based digital staining tool further complemented the annotation of cell types in teratomas, enhancing our understanding of their cellular composition. This research is a valuable resource for examining teratoma epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes and serves as a model for epigenetic data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Kidder
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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8
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Loeb EJ, Havlik PL, Elmore ZC, Rosales A, Fergione SM, Gonzalez TJ, Smith TJ, Benkert AR, Fiflis DN, Asokan A. Capsid-mediated control of adeno-associated viral transcription determines host range. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113902. [PMID: 38431840 PMCID: PMC11150003 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a member of the genus Dependoparvovirus, which infects a wide range of vertebrate species. Here, we observe that, unlike most primate AAV isolates, avian AAV is transcriptionally silenced in human cells. By swapping the VP1 N terminus from primate AAVs (e.g., AAV8) onto non-mammalian isolates (e.g., avian AAV), we identify a minimal component of the AAV capsid that controls viral transcription and unlocks robust transduction in both human cells and mouse tissue. This effect is accompanied by increased AAV genome chromatin accessibility and altered histone methylation. Proximity ligation analysis reveals that host factors are selectively recruited by the VP1 N terminus of AAV8 but not avian AAV. Notably, these include AAV essential factors implicated in the nuclear factor κB pathway, chromatin condensation, and histone methylation. We postulate that the AAV capsid has evolved mechanisms to recruit host factors to its genome, allowing transcriptional activation in a species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra J Loeb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patrick L Havlik
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary C Elmore
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alan Rosales
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sophia M Fergione
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Trevor J Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy J Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Abigail R Benkert
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David N Fiflis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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9
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Silver BD, Willett CG, Maher KA, Wang D, Deal RB. Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae016. [PMID: 38253712 PMCID: PMC10917500 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional initiation is among the first regulated steps controlling eukaryotic gene expression. High-throughput profiling of fungal and animal genomes has revealed that RNA Polymerase II often initiates transcription in both directions at the promoter transcription start site, but generally only elongates productively into the gene body. Additionally, Pol II can initiate transcription in both directions at cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers. These bidirectional RNA Polymerase II initiation events can be observed directly with methods that capture nascent transcripts, and they are also revealed indirectly by the presence of transcription-associated histone modifications on both sides of the transcription start site or cis-regulatory elements. Previous studies have shown that nascent RNAs and transcription-associated histone modifications in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate mainly in the gene body, suggesting that transcription does not initiate widely in the upstream direction from genes in this plant. We compared transcription-associated histone modifications and nascent transcripts at both transcription start sites and cis-regulatory elements in A. thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. Our results provide evidence for mostly unidirectional RNA Polymerase II initiation at both promoters and gene-proximal cis-regulatory elements of A. thaliana, whereas bidirectional transcription initiation is observed widely at promoters in both D. melanogaster and H. sapiens, as well as cis-regulatory elements in Drosophila. Furthermore, the distribution of transcription-associated histone modifications around transcription start sites in the Oryza sativa (rice) and Glycine max (soybean) genomes suggests that unidirectional transcription initiation is the norm in these genomes as well. These results suggest that there are fundamental differences in transcriptional initiation directionality between flowering plant and metazoan genomes, which are manifested as distinct patterns of chromatin modifications around RNA polymerase initiation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D Silver
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Courtney G Willett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kelsey A Maher
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Roger B Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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10
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Ma K, Yin K, Li J, Ma L, Zhou Q, Lu X, Li B, Li J, Wei G, Zhang G. The Hypothalamic Epigenetic Landscape in Dietary Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306379. [PMID: 38115764 PMCID: PMC10916675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus in the brain plays a pivotal role in controlling energy balance in vertebrates. Nutritional excess through high-fat diet (HFD) feeding can dysregulate hypothalamic signaling at multiple levels. Yet, it remains largely unknown in what magnitude HFD feeding may impact epigenetics in this brain region. Here, it is shown that HFD feeding can significantly alter hypothalamic epigenetic events, including posttranslational histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility. The authors comprehensively analyze the chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq), single nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq), and RNA-seq data of the hypothalamus of C57 BL/6 mice fed with a chow or HFD for 1 to 6 months. The chromatins are categorized into 6 states using the obtained ChIP-seq data for H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3. A 1-month HFD feeding dysregulates histone modifications and DNA methylation more pronouncedly than that of 3- or 6-month. Besides, HFD feeding differentially impacts chromatin accessibility in hypothalamic cells. Thus, the epigenetic landscape is dysregulated in the hypothalamus of dietary obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Li Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of EndocrinologyXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200092China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Institute of Metabolism and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Zhongzhou LaboratoryZhengzhouHenan450046China
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11
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Störtz F, Mak JK, Minary P. piCRISPR: Physically informed deep learning models for CRISPR/Cas9 off-target cleavage prediction. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 3:None. [PMID: 38047242 PMCID: PMC10316064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ailsci.2023.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas programmable nuclease systems have become ubiquitous in the field of gene editing. With progressing development, applications in in vivo therapeutic gene editing are increasingly within reach, yet limited by possible adverse side effects from unwanted edits. Recent years have thus seen continuous development of off-target prediction algorithms trained on in vitro cleavage assay data gained from immortalised cell lines. It has been shown that in contrast to experimental epigenetic features, computed physically informed features are so far underutilised despite bearing considerably larger correlation with cleavage activity. Here, we implement state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms and feature encodings for off-target prediction with emphasis on physically informed features that capture the biological environment of the cleavage site, hence terming our approach piCRISPR. Features were gained from the large, diverse crisprSQL off-target cleavage dataset. We find that our best-performing models highlight the importance of sequence context and chromatin accessibility for cleavage prediction and compare favourably with literature standard prediction performance. We further show that our novel, environmentally sensitive features are crucial to accurate prediction on sequence-identical locus pairs, making them highly relevant for clinical guide design. The source code and trained models can be found ready to use at github.com/florianst/picrispr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Störtz
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Jeffrey K. Mak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| | - Peter Minary
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
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12
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Kim D, Nam HJ, Baek SH. Post-translational modifications of lysine-specific demethylase 1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194968. [PMID: 37572976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is crucial for regulating gene expression by catalyzing the demethylation of mono- and di-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and lysine 9 (H3K9) and non-histone proteins through the amine oxidase activity with FAD+ as a cofactor. It interacts with several protein partners, which potentially contributes to its diverse substrate specificity. Given its pivotal role in numerous physiological and pathological conditions, the function of LSD1 is closely regulated by diverse post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, methylation, and acetylation. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the regulation and function of LSD1 following various PTMs. Specifically, we will focus on the impact of PTMs on LSD1 function in physiological and pathological contexts and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of targeting these modifications for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongha Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Nam
- Center for Rare Disease Therapeutic Technology, Therapeutics and Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Baek
- Creative Research Initiatives Center for Epigenetic Code and Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Lee R, Lee MS, Moon JE. A Korean male with Kleefstra syndrome presented with micropenis. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 28:308-311. [PMID: 38173384 PMCID: PMC10765021 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2244174.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kleefstra syndrome is caused by chromosome 9q34.3 deletion or heterozygous mutations in the euchromatin histone methyl transferase 1 (EHMT1) gene. It can be accompanied by intellectual disability, distinctive facial features, microcephaly, psychiatric disorders, hypotonia in childhood, hearing loss, heart defects, renal defects, epilepsy, speech anomalies, and obesity. Furthermore, genital anomalies are present in 30%-40% of male patients with Kleefstra syndrome, but their mechanisms have not been elucidated. Herein, we report a patient with Kleefstra syndrome presenting with micropenis. The patient was transferred to Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital for management of imperforate anus on the day of birth. Physical examination revealed micropenis with stretched penile length of 0.9 cm and facial dysmorphisms, including hypertelorism and anteverted nares. Chromosomal microarray revealed 424-kb heterozygous deletion at chromosome 9q34.3 (arr[hg19] 9q34.3 (140,234,315-140,659,055)x1). Among the involved main OMIM genes, phenotypically relevant genes were EHMT1 and NSMF. Endocrinological investigation showed low basal gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Anterior pituitary hormones and steroid hormone levels were in the normal range. Testicular function was normal based on human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test. The patient experienced improvement in penile length growth with intramuscular testosterone enanthate injection initiated at 4 months of age. The purpose of this study is to describe the etiology, endocrine laboratory tests, and treatment of micropenis in Kleefstra syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi-seon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Moon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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14
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Lee SW, Frankston CM, Kim J. Epigenome editing in cancer: Advances and challenges for potential therapeutic options. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 383:191-230. [PMID: 38359969 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancers are diseases caused by genetic and non-genetic environmental factors. Epigenetic alterations, some attributed to non-genetic factors, can lead to cancer development. Epigenetic changes can occur in tumor suppressors or oncogenes, or they may contribute to global cell state changes, making cells abnormal. Recent advances in gene editing technology show potential for cancer treatment. Herein, we will discuss our current knowledge of epigenetic alterations occurring in cancer and epigenetic editing technologies that can be applied to developing therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Won Lee
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Connor Mitchell Frankston
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Jungsun Kim
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Cancer Biology Research Program, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.
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15
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Dhar SS, Brown C, Rizvi A, Reed L, Kotla S, Zod C, Abraham J, Abe JI, Rajaram V, Chen K, Lee M. Heterozygous Kmt2d loss diminishes enhancers to render medulloblastoma cells vulnerable to combinatory inhibition of lysine demethylation and oxidative phosphorylation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.29.564587. [PMID: 37961118 PMCID: PMC10634931 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.29.564587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferase KMT2D (also called MLL4) is one of the most frequently mutated epigenetic modifiers in medulloblastoma (MB) and other types of cancer. Notably, heterozygous loss of KMT2D is prevalent in MB and other cancer types. However, what role heterozygous KMT2D loss plays in tumorigenesis has not been well characterized. Here, we show that heterozygous Kmt2d loss highly promotes MB driven by heterozygous loss of the MB suppressor gene Ptch in mice. Heterozygous Kmt2d loss upregulated tumor-promoting programs, including oxidative phosphorylation and G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, in Ptch-mutant-driven MB genesis. Mechanistically, both downregulation of the transcription-repressive tumor suppressor gene NCOR2 by heterozygous Kmt2d loss and upregulation of the oncogene MycN by heterozygous Ptch loss increased the expression of tumor-promoting genes. Moreover, heterozygous Kmt2d loss extensively diminished enhancer signals (e.g., H3K27ac) and H3K4me3 signature, including those for tumor suppressor genes (e.g., Ncor2). Combinatory pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and the H3K4 demethylase LSD1 drastically reduced tumorigenicity of MB cells bearing heterozygous Kmt2d loss. These findings reveal the mechanistic basis underlying the MB-promoting effect of heterozygous KMT2D loss, provide a rationale for a therapeutic strategy for treatment of KMT2D-deficient MB, and have mechanistic implications for the molecular pathogenesis of other types of cancer bearing heterozygous KMT2D loss.
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16
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Silver BD, Willett CG, Maher KA, Wang D, Deal RB. Differences in transcription initiation directionality underlie distinctions between plants and animals in chromatin modification patterns at genes and cis-regulatory elements. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565513. [PMID: 37961418 PMCID: PMC10635121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional initiation is among the first regulated steps controlling eukaryotic gene expression. High-throughput profiling of fungal and animal genomes has revealed that RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) often initiates transcription in both directions at the promoter transcription start site (TSS), but generally only elongates productively into the gene body. Additionally, Pol II can initiate transcription in both directions at cis-regulatory elements (CREs) such as enhancers. These bidirectional Pol II initiation events can be observed directly with methods that capture nascent transcripts, and they are also revealed indirectly by the presence of transcription-associated histone modifications on both sides of the TSS or CRE. Previous studies have shown that nascent RNAs and transcription-associated histone modifications in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana accumulate mainly in the gene body, suggesting that transcription does not initiate widely in the upstream direction from genes in this plant. We compared transcription-associated histone modifications and nascent transcripts at both TSSs and CREs in Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Homo sapiens. Our results provide evidence for mostly unidirectional Pol II initiation at both promoters and gene-proximal CREs of Arabidopsis thaliana, whereas bidirectional transcription initiation is observed widely at promoters in both Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens, as well as CREs in Drosophila. Furthermore, the distribution of transcription-associated histone modifications around TSSs in the Oryza sativa (rice) and Glycine max (soybean) genomes suggests that unidirectional transcription initiation is the norm in these genomes as well. These results suggest that there are fundamental differences in transcriptional initiation directionality between flowering plant and metazoan genomes, which are manifested as distinct patterns of chromatin modifications around RNA polymerase initiation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna D. Silver
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Courtney G. Willett
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kelsey A. Maher
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Dongxue Wang
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Roger B. Deal
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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17
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Wen P, He J, Zhang Q, Qi H, Zhang A, Liu D, Sun Q, Wang Y, Li Q, Wang W, Chen Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wan J. SET Domain Group 703 Regulates Planthopper Resistance by Suppressing the Expression of Defense-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13003. [PMID: 37629184 PMCID: PMC10455402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant defense responses against insect pests are intricately regulated by highly complex regulatory networks. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones modulate the expression of genes involved in various biological processes. However, the role of PTMs in conferring insect resistance remains unclear. Through the screening of a T-DNA insertion activation-tagged mutant collection in rice, we identified the mutant planthopper susceptible 1 (phs1), which exhibits heightened expression of SET domain group 703 (SDG703). This overexpression is associated with increased susceptibility to the small brown planthopper (SBPH), an economically significant insect pest affecting rice crops. SDG703 is constitutively expressed in multiple tissues and shows substantial upregulation in response to SBPH feeding. SDG703 demonstrates the activity of histone H3K9 methyltransferase. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the downregulation of genes involved in effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants overexpressing SDG703. Among the downregulated genes, the overexpression of SDG703 in plants resulted in a higher level of histone H3K9 methylation compared to control plants. Collectively, these findings indicate that SDG703 suppresses the expression of defense-related genes through the promotion of histone methylation, consequently leading to reduced resistance against SBPH. The defense-related genes regulated by histone methylation present valuable targets for developing effective pest management strategies in future studies. Furthermore, our study provides novel insight into the epigenetic regulation involved in plant-insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hongzhi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Aoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Daoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Quanguang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zhanghao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Nanjing Rice Germplasm Resources National Field Observation and Research Station, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Plant Gene Editing Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (P.W.); (J.H.); (Q.Z.); (H.Q.); (A.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.S.); (Y.W.); (Q.L.); (W.W.); (Z.C.); (Y.W.)
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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18
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Jana S, Brahma S, Arora S, Wladyka CL, Hoang P, Blinka S, Hough R, Horn JL, Liu Y, Wang LJ, Depeille P, Smith E, Montgomery RB, Lee JK, Haffner MC, Vakar-Lopez F, Grivas P, Wright JL, Lam HM, Black PC, Roose JP, Ryazanov AG, Subramaniam AR, Henikoff S, Hsieh AC. Transcriptional-translational conflict is a barrier to cellular transformation and cancer progression. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:853-870.e13. [PMID: 37084735 PMCID: PMC10208629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
We uncover a tumor-suppressive process in urothelium called transcriptional-translational conflict caused by deregulation of the central chromatin remodeling component ARID1A. Loss of Arid1a triggers an increase in a nexus of pro-proliferation transcripts, but a simultaneous inhibition of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which results in tumor suppression. Resolution of this conflict through enhancing translation elongation speed enables the efficient and precise synthesis of a network of poised mRNAs resulting in uncontrolled proliferation, clonogenic growth, and bladder cancer progression. We observe a similar phenomenon in patients with ARID1A-low tumors, which also exhibit increased translation elongation activity through eEF2. These findings have important clinical implications because ARID1A-deficient, but not ARID1A-proficient, tumors are sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of protein synthesis. These discoveries reveal an oncogenic stress created by transcriptional-translational conflict and provide a unified gene expression model that unveils the importance of the crosstalk between transcription and translation in promoting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Jana
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sandipan Brahma
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Cynthia L Wladyka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Patrick Hoang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Steven Blinka
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Rowan Hough
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jessie L Horn
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Philippe Depeille
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric Smith
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - John K Lee
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Funda Vakar-Lopez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Petros Grivas
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan L Wright
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Hung-Ming Lam
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA
| | - Peter C Black
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jeroen P Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alexey G Ryazanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | | | - Steven Henikoff
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98915, USA.
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19
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Bao S, Xu C. Molecular insight into the SETD1A/B N-terminal region and its interaction with WDR82. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:136-140. [PMID: 37030068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
SETD1A and SETD1B originate from Set1, the sole H3K4 methyltransferase in yeast, and they play important roles in active gene transcription. Here, we present the crystal structures of the RRM domains of human SETD1A and SETD1B. Although both RRM domains adopt a canonical RRM fold, their structural features are different from that of the yeast Set1 RRM domain, their yeast homolog. By using an ITC binding assay, we found an intrinsically disordered region in SETD1A/B binds WDR82. The structural analysis implies that the positively charged regions within human RRM domains might be involved in binding to RNA. Our work provides structural insight into the assembly of WDR82 with the catalytic subunits SETD1A/B in the context of the whole complex.
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20
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Lodhi N, Singh M, Srivastava R, Sawant SV, Tuli R. Epigenetic malleability at core promoter initiates tobacco PR-1a expression post salicylic acid treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:417-431. [PMID: 36335522 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco's PR-1a gene is induced by pathogen attack or exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA). Nucleosome mapping and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to delineate the histone modifications on the PR-1a promoter. However, the epigenetic modifications of the inducible promoter of the PR-1a gene are not fully understood yet. METHODS AND RESULTS Southern approach was used to scan the promoter of PR-1a to identify presence of nucleosomes, ChIP assays were performed using anti-histones antibodies of repressive chromatin by di- methylated at H3K9 and H4K20 or active chromatin by acetylated H3K9/14 and H4K16 to find epigenetic malleability of nucleosome over core promoter in uninduced or induced state post SA treatment. Class I and II mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA treatment was used to enhance the expression of PR-1a by facilitating the histone acetylation post SA treatment. Here, we report correlated consequences of the epigenetic modifications correspond to disassembly of the nucleosome (spans from - 102 to + 55 bp, masks TATA and transcription initiation) and repressor complex from core promoter, eventually initiates the transcription of PR-1a gene post SA treatment. While active chromatin marks di and trimethylation of H3K4, acetylation of H3K9 and H4K16 are increased which are associated to the transcription initiation of PR-1a following SA treatment. However, in uninduced state constitutive expression of a negative regulator (SNI1) of AtPR1, suppresses AtPR1 expression by six-fold in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, we report 50-to-1000-fold increased expression of AtPR1 in uninduced lsd1 mutant plants, up to threefold increased expression of AtPR1 in uninduced histone acetyl transferases (HATs) mutant plants, SNI1 dependent negative regulation of AtPR1, all together our results suggest that inactive state of PR-1a is indeed maintained by a repressive complex. CONCLUSION The study aimed to reveal the mechanism of transcription initiation of tobacco PR-1a gene in presence or absence of SA. This is the first study that reports nucleosome and repressor complex over core promoter region maintains the inactivation of gene in uninduced state, and upon induction disassembling of both initiates the downstream gene activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Lodhi
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India. .,Mirna Analytics, New York, NY, 19047, USA.
| | - Mala Singh
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Srivastava
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Samir V Sawant
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rakesh Tuli
- National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.,University Institute of Engineering & Technology (UIET), Sector 25, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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21
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Epigenetics in epilepsy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 198:249-269. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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22
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Micale V, Di Bartolomeo M, Di Martino S, Stark T, Dell'Osso B, Drago F, D'Addario C. Are the epigenetic changes predictive of therapeutic efficacy for psychiatric disorders? A translational approach towards novel drug targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108279. [PMID: 36103902 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiopathogenesis of mental disorders is not fully understood and accumulating evidence support that clinical symptomatology cannot be assigned to a single gene mutation, but it involves several genetic factors. More specifically, a tight association between genes and environmental risk factors, which could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, may play a role in the development of mental disorders. Several data suggest that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, post-translational histone modification and interference of microRNA (miRNA) or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) may modify the severity of the disease and the outcome of the therapy. Indeed, the study of these mechanisms may help to identify patients particularly vulnerable to mental disorders and may have potential utility as biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes the most relevant preclinical and human data showing how epigenetic modifications can be central to the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant and/or antipsychotic agents, as possible predictor of drugs response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tibor Stark
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Scientific Core Unit Neuroimaging, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Mental Health, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy; "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan Medical School, Milan, Italy; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Hoekstra M, Ridgeway NH, Biggar KK. Characterization of KDM5 lysine demethylase family substrate preference and identification of novel substrates. J Biochem 2022; 173:31-42. [PMID: 36205465 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The KDM5/JARID1 sub-family are 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent lysine-specific histone demethylases that are characterized by their Jumonji catalytic domains. The KDM5 family is known to remove tri-/di-methyl modifications from lysine-4 of histone H3 (i.e. H3-K4me2/3), a mark associated with active gene expression. As a result, studies to date have revolved around the influence of KDM5 on disease through their ability to regulate H3-K4me2/3. Recent evidence demonstrates that KDM5 may influence disease beyond H3-K4 demethylation, making it critical to further investigate KDM5-mediated demethylation of non-histone proteins. To help identify potential non-histone substrates for the KDM5 family, we developed a library of 180 permutated peptide substrates, with sequences that are systematically altered from the wild-type H3-K4me3 substrate. From this library, we characterized recombinant KDM5A/B/C/D substrate preference and developed recognition motifs for each KDM5 demethylase. The recognition motifs developed were used to predict potential substrates for KDM5A/B/C/D and profiled to generate a list of high-ranking and medium/low-ranking substrates for further in vitro validation. Through this approach, we identified 66 high-ranking substrates in which KDM5 demethylases displayed significant in vitro activity towards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hoekstra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Nashira H Ridgeway
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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24
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Xu K, Ding J, Zhou L, Li D, Luo J, Wang W, Shang M, Lin B, Zhou L, Zheng S. SMYD2 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Reprogramming Glutamine Metabolism via c-Myc/GLS1 Axis. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010025. [PMID: 36611819 PMCID: PMC9818721 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, such as alterations in glutamine metabolism or glycolysis, is the hallmark of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated. Previous studies have identified that methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2(SMYD2) is responsible for the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancer. Here, we innovatively uncover how SMYD2 regulates glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and promotes HCC progression. We identified that SMYD2 expression is upregulated in HCC tissues, which correlates with unfavorable clinical outcomes. Our in vitro and in vivo results showed that the depletion of SMYD2 inhibits HCC cell growth. Mechanistically, c-Myc methylation by SMYD2 increases its protein stability through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. We showed SMYD2 depletion destabilized c-Myc protein by increasing the conjugated K48-linked polyubiquitin chain. SMYD2 increased c-Myc expression and further upregulated glutaminase1 (GLS1), a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glutamine to glutamic acid, in HCC cells. GLS1 plays an important role in SMYD2-mediated HCC progression and glutamine metabolism regulation. The knockdown of SMYD2 inhibited glutamine metabolism in HCC cells and overcame their chemoresistance to sorafenib. Collectively, our findings demonstrated a novel mechanism of how SMYD2 promotes HCC progression by regulating glutamine metabolism through the c-Myc/GLS1signaling, implicating the therapeutic potential of targeting SMYD2 in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangdi Xu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Dazhi Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Mingge Shang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Bingyi Lin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-87236466 (L.Z.); +86-0571-87236570 (S.Z.)
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, NO.79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou 310006, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-87236466 (L.Z.); +86-0571-87236570 (S.Z.)
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25
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Vinson DA, Stephens KE, O’Meally RN, Bhat S, Dancy BCR, Cole RN, Yegnasubramanian S, Taverna SD. De novo methylation of histone H3K23 by the methyltransferases EHMT1/GLP and EHMT2/G9a. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:36. [PMID: 36411491 PMCID: PMC9677696 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications to histone proteins serve an important role in regulating permissive and repressive chromatin states, but despite the identification of many histone PTMs and their perceived role, the epigenetic writers responsible for generating these chromatin signatures are not fully characterized. Here, we report that the canonical histone H3K9 methyltransferases EHMT1/GLP and EHMT2/G9a are capable of catalyzing methylation of histone H3 lysine 23 (H3K23). Our data show that while both enzymes can mono- and di-methylate H3K23, only EHMT1/GLP can tri-methylate H3K23. We also show that pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation of EHMT1/GLP and/or EHMT2/G9a leads to decreased H3K23 methylation in mammalian cells. Taken together, this work identifies H3K23 as a new direct methylation target of EHMT1/GLP and EHMT2/G9a, and highlights the differential activity of these enzymes on H3K23 as a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Vinson
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kimberly E. Stephens
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.241054.60000 0004 4687 1637Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA
| | - Robert N. O’Meally
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Shri Bhat
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Blair C. R. Dancy
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.507680.c0000 0001 2230 3166Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910-7500 USA
| | - Robert N. Cole
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Sean D. Taverna
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Center for Epigenetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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26
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King D, Wilson CR, Herron L, Deng CL, Mehdi S, Tiwary P, Hof F, Isaacs L. Molecular recognition of methylated amino acids and peptides by Pillar[6]MaxQ. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7429-7438. [PMID: 36097881 PMCID: PMC9632254 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the molecular recognition properties of Pillar[n]MaxQ (P[n]MQ) toward a series of (methylated) amino acids, amino acid amides, and post-translationally modified peptides by a combination of 1H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry, indicator displacement assays, and molecular dynamics simulations. We find that P6MQ is a potent receptor for N-methylated amino acid side chains. P6MQ recognized the H3K4Me3 peptide with Kd = 16 nM in phosphate buffered saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- David King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Chelsea R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada.
| | - Lukas Herron
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Chun-Lin Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Shams Mehdi
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Pratyush Tiwary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Fraser Hof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada.
| | - Lyle Isaacs
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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27
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Sawant M, Benamrouz-Vanneste S, Meloni D, Gantois N, Even G, Guyot K, Creusy C, Duval E, Wintjens R, Weitzman JB, Chabe M, Viscogliosi E, Certad G. Putative SET-domain methyltransferases in Cryptosporidium parvum and histone methylation during infection. Virulence 2022; 13:1632-1650. [PMID: 36097362 PMCID: PMC9487757 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2123363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a leading cause of diarrhoeal illness worldwide being a significant threat to young children and immunocompromised patients, but the pathogenesis caused by this parasite remains poorly understood. C. parvum was recently linked with oncogenesis. Notably, the mechanisms of gene expression regulation are unexplored in Cryptosporidium and little is known about how the parasite impact host genome regulation. Here, we investigated potential histone lysine methylation, a dynamic epigenetic modification, during the life cycle of the parasite. We identified SET-domain containing proteins, putative lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), in the C. parvum genome and classified them phylogenetically into distinct subfamilies (namely CpSET1, CpSET2, CpSET8, CpKMTox and CpAKMT). Our structural analysis further characterized CpSET1, CpSET2 and CpSET8 as histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs). The expression of the CpSET genes varies considerably during the parasite life cycle and specific methyl-lysine antibodies showed dynamic changes in parasite histone methylation during development (CpSET1:H3K4; CpSET2:H3K36; CpSET8:H4K20). We investigated the impact of C. parvum infection on the host histone lysine methylation. Remarkably, parasite infection led to a considerable decrease in host H3K36me3 and H3K27me3 levels, highlighting the potential of the parasite to exploit the host epigenetic regulation to its advantage. This is the first study to describe epigenetic mechanisms occurring throughout the parasite life cycle and during the host–parasite interaction. A better understanding of histone methylation in both parasite and host genomes may highlight novel infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Sawant
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sadia Benamrouz-Vanneste
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Unité de Recherche Smart and Sustainable Cities, Faculté de Gestion, Economie et Sciences, Institut Catholique de Lille, France
| | - Dionigia Meloni
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gaël Even
- Gènes Diffusion, F-59501 Douai, France.,PEGASE-Biosicences Plateforme d'Expertises Génomiques Appliquées aux Sciences Expérimentales, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Erika Duval
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille (GHICL), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - René Wintjens
- Unit of Microbiology, Bioorganic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Research in Drug Development (RD3), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan B Weitzman
- UMR7216 Epigenetics and Cell, Université Paris Cité, Fate, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Magali Chabe
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eric Viscogliosi
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Gabriela Certad
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.,Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Groupement des Hôpitaux de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, F-59462 Lomme, France
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Hickenlooper SM, Davis K, Szulik MW, Sheikh H, Miller M, Valdez S, Bia R, Franklin S. Histone H4K20 Trimethylation Is Decreased in Murine Models of Heart Disease. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30710-30719. [PMID: 36092581 PMCID: PMC9453978 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the developed world, and its comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure are accompanied by major transcriptomic changes in the heart. During cardiac dysfunction, which leads to heart failure, there are global epigenetic alterations to chromatin that occur concomitantly with morphological changes in the heart in response to acute and chronic stress. These epigenetic alterations include the reversible methylation of lysine residues on histone proteins. Lysine methylations on histones H3K4 and H3K9 were among the first methylated lysine residues identified and have been linked to gene activation and silencing, respectively. However, much less is known regarding other methylated histone residues, including histone H4K20. Trimethylation of histone H4K20 has been shown to repress gene expression; however, this modification has never been examined in the heart. Here, we utilized immunoblotting and mass spectrometry to quantify histone H4K20 trimethylation in three models of cardiac dysfunction. Our results show that lysine methylation at this site is differentially regulated in the cardiomyocyte, leading to increased H4K20 trimethylation during acute hypertrophic stress in cell models and decreased H4K20 trimethylation during sustained ischemic injury and cardiac dysfunction in animal models. In addition, we examined publicly available data sets to analyze enzymes that regulate H4K20 methylation and identified two demethylases (KDM7B and KDM7C) and two methyltransferases (KMT5A and SMYD5) that were all differentially expressed in heart failure patients. This is the first study to examine histone H4K20 trimethylation in the heart and to determine how this post-translational modification is differentially regulated in multiple models of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. Hickenlooper
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Kathryn Davis
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Marta W. Szulik
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Hanin Sheikh
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Mickey Miller
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Steven Valdez
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan Bia
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Sarah Franklin
- Nora
Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Division
of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, United States
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29
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Cheng J, Xu L, Bergér V, Bruckmann A, Yang C, Schubert V, Grasser KD, Schnittger A, Zheng B, Jiang H. H3K9 demethylases IBM1 and JMJ27 are required for male meiosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2252-2269. [PMID: 35638341 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2), a crucial modification for heterochromatin formation and transcriptional silencing, is essential for proper meiotic prophase progression in mammals. We analyzed meiotic defects and generated genome-wide profiles of H3K9me2 and transcriptomes for the mutants of H3K9 demethylases. Moreover, we also identified proteins interacting with H3K9 demethylases. H3K9me2 is usually found at transposable elements and repetitive sequences but is absent from the bodies of protein-coding genes. In this study, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana H3K9 demethylases IBM1 and JMJ27 cooperatively regulate crossover formation and chromosome segregation. They protect thousands of protein-coding genes from ectopic H3K9me2, including genes essential for meiotic prophase progression. In addition to removing H3K9me2, IBM1 and JMJ27 interact with the Precocious Dissociation of Sisters 5 (PDS5) cohesin complex cofactors. The pds5 mutant shared similar transcriptional alterations with ibm1 jmj27, including meiosis-essential genes, yet without affecting H3K9me2 levels. Hence, PDS5s, together with IBM1 and JMJ27, regulate male meiosis and gene expression independently of H3K9 demethylation. These findings uncover a novel role of H3K9me2 removal in meiosis and a new function of H3K9 demethylases and cohesin cofactors in meiotic transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Cheng
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Linhao Xu
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Valentin Bergér
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Regensburg Center for Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Veit Schubert
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Klaus D Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Center, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Binglian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
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30
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Alshammari E, Zhang YX, Yang Z. Mechanistic and functional extrapolation of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 to pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3753-3766. [PMID: 36157542 PMCID: PMC9367238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i29.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal neoplasms worldwide and represents the vast majority of pancreatic cancer cases. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms involved in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of PDAC is an urgent need, which may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies against this deadly cancer. Here, we review the role of SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2) in initiating and maintaining PDAC development through methylating multiple tumor suppressors and oncogenic proteins. Given the broad substrate specificity of SMYD2 and its involvement in diverse oncogenic signaling pathways in many other cancers, the mechanistic extrapolation of SMYD2 from these cancers to PDAC may allow for developing new hypotheses about the mechanisms driving PDAC tumor growth and metastasis, supporting a proposition that targeting SMYD2 could be a powerful strategy for the prevention and treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eid Alshammari
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Ying-Xue Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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31
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Agborbesong E, Li LX, Li L, Li X. Molecular Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation, Inflammation, and Cell Death in ADPKD. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:922428. [PMID: 35847973 PMCID: PMC9277309 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.922428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, characterizing by progressive growth of multiple cysts in the kidneys, eventually leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and requiring renal replacement therapy. In addition, studies indicate that disease progression is as a result of a combination of factors. Understanding the molecular mechanisms, therefore, should facilitate the development of precise therapeutic strategies for ADPKD treatment. The roles of epigenetic modulation, interstitial inflammation, and regulated cell death have recently become the focuses in ADPKD. Different epigenetic regulators, and the presence of inflammatory markers detectable even before cyst growth, have been linked to cyst progression. Moreover, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and T cells, have been associated with cyst growth and deteriorating renal function in humans and PKD animal models. There is evidence supporting a direct role of the PKD gene mutations to the regulation of epigenetic mechanisms and inflammatory response in ADPKD. In addition, the role of regulated cell death, including apoptosis, autophagy and ferroptosis, have been investigated in ADPKD. However, there is no consensus whether cell death promotes or delays cyst growth in ADPKD. It is therefore necessary to develop an interactive picture between PKD gene mutations, the epigenome, inflammation, and cell death to understand why inherited PKD gene mutations in patients may result in the dysregulation of these processes that increase the progression of renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewud Agborbesong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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32
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Zumajo-Cardona C, Ambrose BA. Fleshy or dry: transcriptome analyses reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying bract development in Ephedra. EvoDevo 2022; 13:10. [PMID: 35477429 PMCID: PMC9047513 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-022-00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gnetales have a key phylogenetic position in the evolution of seed plants. Among the Gnetales, there is an extraordinary morphological diversity of seeds, the genus Ephedra, in particular, exhibits fleshy, coriaceous or winged (dry) seeds. Despite this striking diversity, its underlying genetic mechanisms remain poorly understood due to the limited studies in gymnosperms. Expanding the genomic and developmental data from gymnosperms contributes to a better understanding of seed evolution and development. RESULTS We performed transcriptome analyses on different plant tissues of two Ephedra species with different seed morphologies. Anatomical observations in early developing ovules, show that differences in the seed morphologies are established early in their development. The transcriptomic analyses in dry-seeded Ephedra californica and fleshy-seeded Ephedra antisyphilitica, allowed us to identify the major differences between the differentially expressed genes in these species. We detected several genes known to be involved in fruit ripening as upregulated in the fleshy seed of Ephedra antisyphilitica. CONCLUSIONS This study allowed us to determine the differentially expressed genes involved in seed development of two Ephedra species. Furthermore, the results of this study of seeds with the enigmatic morphology in Ephedra californica and Ephedra antisyphilitica, allowed us to corroborate the hypothesis which suggest that the extra envelopes covering the seeds of Gnetales are not genetically similar to integument. Our results highlight the importance of carrying out studies on less explored species such as gymnosperms, to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA.,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara A Ambrose
- New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA. .,The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Yang S, Huang Y, Zhao Q. Epigenetic Alterations and Inflammation as Emerging Use for the Advancement of Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878740. [PMID: 35514980 PMCID: PMC9066637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in the world. Nowadays, the most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), namely, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Epigenetic alterations that refer to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, are now suggested to drive the genesis and development of NSCLC. Additionally, inflammation-related tumorigenesis also plays a vital role in cancer research and efforts have been attempted to reverse such condition. During the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases, the immune component of inflammation may cause epigenetic changes, but it is not always certain whether the immune component itself or the stimulated host cells cause epigenetic changes. Moreover, the links between epigenetic alterations and cancer-related inflammation and their influences on the human cancer are not clear so far. Therefore, the connection between epigenetic drivers, inflammation, and NSCLC will be summarized. Investigation on such topic is most likely to shed light on the molecular and immunological mechanisms of epigenetic and inflammatory factors and promote the application of epigenetics in the innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
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34
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H3K4 demethylase KDM5B regulates cancer cell identity and epigenetic plasticity. Oncogene 2022; 41:2958-2972. [PMID: 35440714 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The H3K4 demethylase KDM5B is overexpressed in multiple cancer types, and elevated expression levels of KDM5B is associated with decreased survival. However, the underlying mechanistic contribution of dysregulated expression of KDM5B and H3K4 demethylation in cancer is poorly understood. Our results show that loss of KDM5B in multiple types of cancer cells leads to increased proliferation and elevated expression of cancer stem cell markers. In addition, we observed enhanced tumor formation following KDM5B depletion in a subset of representative cancer cell lines. Our findings also support a role for KDM5B in regulating epigenetic plasticity, where loss of KDM5B in cancer cells with elevated KDM5B expression leads to alterations in activity of chromatin states, which facilitate activation or repression of alternative transcriptional programs. In addition, we define KDM5B-centric epigenetic and transcriptional patterns that support cancer cell plasticity, where KDM5B depleted cancer cells exhibit altered epigenetic and transcriptional profiles resembling a more primitive cellular state. This study also provides a resource for evaluating associations between alterations in epigenetic patterning upon depletion of KDM5B and gene expression in a diverse set of cancer cells.
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35
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Voogd C, Brian LA, Wu R, Wang T, Allan AC, Varkonyi-Gasic E. A MADS-box gene with similarity to FLC is induced by cold and correlated with epigenetic changes to control budbreak in kiwifruit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2111-2126. [PMID: 34907541 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperate perennials require exposure to chilling temperatures to resume growth in the following spring. Growth and dormancy cycles are controlled by complex genetic regulatory networks and are governed by epigenetic mechanisms, but the specific genes and mechanisms remain poorly understood. To understand how seasonal changes and chilling regulate dormancy and growth in the woody perennial vine kiwifruit (Ac, Actinidia chinensis), a transcriptome study of kiwifruit buds in the field and controlled conditions was performed. A MADS-box gene with homology to Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was identified and characterized. Elevated expression of AcFLC-like (AcFLCL) was detected during bud dormancy and chilling. A long noncoding (lnc) antisense transcript with an expression pattern opposite to AcFLCL and shorter sense noncoding RNAs were identified. Chilling induced an increase in trimethylation of lysine-4 of histone H3 (H3K4me3) in the 5' end of the gene, indicating multiple layers of epigenetic regulation in response to cold. Overexpression of AcFLCL in kiwifruit gave rise to plants with earlier budbreak, whilst gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 resulted in transgenic lines with substantially delayed budbreak, suggesting a role in activation of growth. These results have implications for the future management and breeding of perennials for resilience to changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Voogd
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Lara A Brian
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rongmei Wu
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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36
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Golla U, Sesham K, Dallavalasa S, Manda NK, Unnam S, Sanapala AK, Nalla S, Kondam S, Kumar R. ABHD11-AS1: An Emerging Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) with Clinical Significance in Human Malignancies. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8020021. [PMID: 35314614 PMCID: PMC8938790 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of lncRNAs has been linked to the development and progression of different cancers. One such lncRNA is ABHD11 antisense RNA 1 (ABHD11-AS1), which has recently gained attention for its significant role in human malignancies. ABHD11-AS1 is highly expressed in gastric, lung, breast, colorectal, thyroid, pancreas, ovary, endometrium, cervix, and bladder cancers. Several reports highlighted the clinical significance of ABHD11-AS1 in prognosis, diagnosis, prediction of cancer progression stage, and treatment response. Significantly, the levels of ABHD11-AS1 in gastric juice had been exhibited as a clinical biomarker for the assessment of gastric cancer, while its serum levels have prognostic potential in thyroid cancers. The ABHD11-AS1 has been reported to exert oncogenic effects by sponging different microRNAs (miRNAs), altering signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, epigenetic mechanisms, and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification. In contrast, the mouse homolog of AHD11-AS1 (Abhd11os) overexpression had exhibited neuroprotective effects against mutant huntingtin-induced toxicity. Considering the emerging research reports, the authors attempted in this first review on ABHD11-AS1 to summarize and highlight its oncogenic potential and clinical significance in different human cancers. Lastly, we underlined the necessity for future mechanistic studies to unravel the role of ABHD11-AS1 in tumor development, prognosis, progression, and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kishore Sesham
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri 522503, India;
| | - Siva Dallavalasa
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Naresh Kumar Manda
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India;
| | - Sambamoorthy Unnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam 501510, India; (S.U.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Arun Kumar Sanapala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Ibrahimpatnam 501510, India; (S.U.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Sharada Nalla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar 509001, India; (S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Susmitha Kondam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar 509001, India; (S.N.); (S.K.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 110029, India;
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De Sa Nogueira D, Bourdy R, Alcala-Vida R, Filliol D, Andry V, Goumon Y, Zwiller J, Romieu P, Merienne K, Olmstead MC, Befort K. Hippocampal Cannabinoid 1 Receptors Are Modulated Following Cocaine Self-administration in Male Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1896-1911. [PMID: 35032317 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a complex pathology inducing long-term neuroplastic changes that, in turn, contribute to maladaptive behaviors. This behavioral dysregulation is associated with transcriptional reprogramming in brain reward circuitry, although the mechanisms underlying this modulation remain poorly understood. The endogenous cannabinoid system may play a role in this process in that cannabinoid mechanisms modulate drug reward and contribute to cocaine-induced neural adaptations. In this study, we investigated whether cocaine self-administration induces long-term adaptations, including transcriptional modifications and associated epigenetic processes. We first examined endocannabinoid gene expression in reward-related brain regions of the rat following self-administered (0.33 mg/kg intravenous, FR1, 10 days) cocaine injections. Interestingly, we found increased Cnr1 expression in several structures, including prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, dorsal striatum, hippocampus, habenula, amygdala, lateral hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, and rostromedial tegmental nucleus, with most pronounced effects in the hippocampus. Endocannabinoid levels, measured by mass spectrometry, were also altered in this structure. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by qPCR in the hippocampus revealed that two activating histone marks, H3K4Me3 and H3K27Ac, were enriched at specific endocannabinoid genes following cocaine intake. Targeting CB1 receptors using chromosome conformation capture, we highlighted spatial chromatin re-organization in the hippocampus, as well as in the nucleus accumbens, suggesting that destabilization of the chromatin may contribute to neuronal responses to cocaine. Overall, our results highlight a key role for the hippocampus in cocaine-induced plasticity and broaden the understanding of neuronal alterations associated with endocannabinoid signaling. The latter suggests that epigenetic modifications contribute to maladaptive behaviors associated with chronic drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De Sa Nogueira
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University and Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, 683 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Romain Bourdy
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rafael Alcala-Vida
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Filliol
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Virginie Andry
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives (INCI), UPR 3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannick Goumon
- Institut Des Neurosciences Cellulaires Et Intégratives (INCI), UPR 3212, CNRS, 8 Allée du Général Rouvillois, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Zwiller
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Romieu
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Merienne
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mary C Olmstead
- Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Katia Befort
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives Et Adaptatives (LNCA), Centre de La Recherche Nationale Scientifique, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue Goethe, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
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Kuo FC, Chao CT, Lin SH. The Dynamics and Plasticity of Epigenetics in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Applications Vis-à-Vis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020843. [PMID: 35055027 PMCID: PMC8777872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to the phenomenon of progressive decline in the glomerular filtration rate accompanied by adverse consequences, including fluid retention, electrolyte imbalance, and an increased cardiovascular risk compared to those with normal renal function. The triggers for the irreversible renal function deterioration are multifactorial, and diabetes mellitus serves as a major contributor to the development of CKD, namely diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Recently, epigenetic dysregulation emerged as a pivotal player steering the progression of DKD, partly resulting from hyperglycemia-associated metabolic disturbances, rising oxidative stress, and/or uncontrolled inflammation. In this review, we describe the major epigenetic molecular mechanisms, followed by summarizing current understandings of the epigenetic alterations pertaining to DKD. We highlight the epigenetic regulatory processes involved in several crucial renal cell types: Mesangial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelia, and glomerular endothelial cells. Finally, we highlight epigenetic biomarkers and related therapeutic candidates that hold promising potential for the early detection of DKD and the amelioration of its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chih Kuo
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Taipei 114, Taiwan
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GRWD1-WDR5-MLL2 Epigenetic Complex Mediates H3K4me3 Mark and Is Essential for Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Induced Cellular Transformation. mBio 2021; 12:e0343121. [PMID: 34933446 PMCID: PMC8689518 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03431-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is causally associated with numerous cancers. The mechanism of KSHV-induced oncogenesis remains unclear. By performing a CRISPR-Cas9 screening in a model of KSHV-induced cellular transformation of primary cells, we identified epigenetic regulators that were essential for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Examination of TCGA data sets of the top 9 genes, including glutamate-rich WD repeat containing 1 (GRWD1), a WD40 family protein upregulated by KSHV, that had positive effects on cell proliferation and survival of KSHV-transformed cells (KMM) but not the matched primary cells (MM), uncovered the predictive values of their expressions for patient survival in numerous types of cancer. We revealed global epigenetic remodeling including H3K4me3 epigenetic active mark in KMM cells compared to MM cells. Knockdown of GRWD1 inhibited cell proliferation, cellular transformation, and tumor formation and caused downregulation of global H3K4me3 mark in KMM cells. GRWD1 interacted with WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5), the core protein of H3K4 methyltransferase complex, and several H3K4me3 methyltransferases, including myeloid leukemia 2 (MLL2). Knockdown of WDR5 and MLL2 phenocopied GRWD1 knockdown, caused global reduction of H3K4me3 mark, and altered the expression of similar sets of genes. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses further identified common and distinct cellular genes and pathways that were regulated by GRWD1, WDR5, and MLL2. These results indicate that KSHV hijacks the GRWD1-WDR5-MLL2 epigenetic complex to regulate H3K4me3 methylation of specific genes, which is essential for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Our work has identified an epigenetic complex as a novel therapeutic target for KSHV-induced cancers. IMPORTANCE By performing a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening, we have identified cellular epigenetic regulators that are essential for KSHV-induced cellular transformation. Among them, GRWD1 regulates epigenetic active mark H3K4me3 by interacting with WDR5 and MLL2 and recruiting them to chromatin loci of specific genes in KSHV-transformed cells. Hence, KSHV hijacks the GRWD1-WDR5-MLL2 complex to remodel cellular epigenome and induce cellular transformation. Since the dysregulation of GRWD1 is associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, GRWD1 might also be a critical driver in other viral or nonviral cancers.
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Zhang A, Wei Y, Shi Y, Deng X, Gao J, Feng Y, Zheng D, Cheng X, Li Z, Wang T, Wang K, Liu F, Peng R, Zhang W. Profiling of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 and Their Roles in Gene Subfunctionalization in Allotetraploid Cotton. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:761059. [PMID: 34975944 PMCID: PMC8714964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.761059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an excellent model for studying crop polyploidization and domestication. Chromatin profiling helps to reveal how histone modifications are involved in controlling differential gene expression between A and D subgenomes in allotetraploid cotton. However, the detailed profiling and functional characterization of broad H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 are still understudied in cotton. In this study, we conducted H3K4me3- and H3K27me3-related ChIP-seq followed by comprehensively characterizing their roles in regulating gene transcription in cotton. We found that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 exhibited active and repressive roles in regulating the expression of genes between A and D subgenomes, respectively. More importantly, H3K4me3 exhibited enrichment level-, position-, and distance-related impacts on expression levels of related genes. Distinct GO term enrichment occurred between A/D-specific and homeologous genes with broad H3K4me3 enrichment in promoters and gene bodies, suggesting that broad H3K4me3-marked genes might have some unique biological functions between A and D subgenome. An anticorrelation between H3K27me3 enrichment and expression levels of homeologous genes was more pronounced in the A subgenome relative to the D subgenome, reflecting distinct enrichment of H3K27me3 in homeologous genes between A and D subgenome. In addition, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 marks can indirectly influence gene expression through regulatory networks with TF mediation. Thus, our study provides detailed insights into functions of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in regulating differential gene expression and subfunctionalization of homeologous genes, therefore serving as a driving force for polyploidization and domestication in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Wei
- Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yining Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yilong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoguo Li
- Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University/Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Renhai Peng
- Biological and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, JCIC-MCP, CIC-MCP, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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The Phosphorylated Form of the Histone H2AX (γH2AX) in the Brain from Embryonic Life to Old Age. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237198. [PMID: 34885784 PMCID: PMC8659122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ phosphorylated form of the histone H2AX (γH2AX) was described more than 40 years ago and it was demonstrated that phosphorylation of H2AX was one of the first cellular responses to DNA damage. Since then, γH2AX has been implicated in diverse cellular functions in normal and pathological cells. In the first part of this review, we will briefly describe the intervention of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR) and its role in some pivotal cellular events, such as regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, genomic instability, cell growth, mitosis, embryogenesis, and apoptosis. Then, in the main part of this contribution, we will discuss the involvement of γH2AX in the normal and pathological central nervous system, with particular attention to the differences in the DDR between immature and mature neurons, and to the significance of H2AX phosphorylation in neurogenesis and neuronal cell death. The emerging picture is that H2AX is a pleiotropic molecule with an array of yet not fully understood functions in the brain, from embryonic life to old age.
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H3K4 di-methylation governs smooth muscle lineage identity and promotes vascular homeostasis by restraining plasticity. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2765-2782.e10. [PMID: 34582749 PMCID: PMC8567421 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the regulation of cell differentiation and function. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are specialized contractile cells that retain phenotypic plasticity even after differentiation. Here, by performing selective demethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) at SMC-specific genes, we uncovered that H3K4me2 governs SMC lineage identity. Removal of H3K4me2 via selective editing in cultured vascular SMCs and in murine arterial vasculature led to loss of differentiation and reduced contractility due to impaired recruitment of the DNA methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2. H3K4me2 editing altered SMC adaptative capacities during vascular remodeling due to loss of miR-145 expression. Finally, H3K4me2 editing induced a profound alteration of SMC lineage identity by redistributing H3K4me2 toward genes associated with stemness and developmental programs, thus exacerbating plasticity. Our studies identify the H3K4me2-TET2-miR145 axis as a central epigenetic memory mechanism controlling cell identity and function, whose alteration could contribute to various pathophysiological processes.
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Morrison O, Thakur J. Molecular Complexes at Euchromatin, Heterochromatin and Centromeric Chromatin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6922. [PMID: 34203193 PMCID: PMC8268097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin consists of a complex of DNA and histone proteins as its core components and plays an important role in both packaging DNA and regulating DNA metabolic pathways such as DNA replication, transcription, recombination, and chromosome segregation. Proper functioning of chromatin further involves a network of interactions among molecular complexes that modify chromatin structure and organization to affect the accessibility of DNA to transcription factors leading to the activation or repression of the transcription of target DNA loci. Based on its structure and compaction state, chromatin is categorized into euchromatin, heterochromatin, and centromeric chromatin. In this review, we discuss distinct chromatin factors and molecular complexes that constitute euchromatin-open chromatin structure associated with active transcription; heterochromatin-less accessible chromatin associated with silencing; centromeric chromatin-the site of spindle binding in chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jitendra Thakur
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Rd #2006, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
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Urrutia G, de Assuncao TM, Mathison AJ, Salmonson A, Kerketta R, Zeighami A, Stodola TJ, Adsay V, Pehlivanoglu B, Dwinell MB, Zimmermann MT, Iovanna JL, Urrutia R, Lomberk G. Inactivation of the Euchromatic Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase 2 Pathway in Pancreatic Epithelial Cells Antagonizes Cancer Initiation and Pancreatitis-Associated Promotion by Altering Growth and Immune Gene Expression Networks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681153. [PMID: 34249932 PMCID: PMC8261250 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive, painful disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%. Recent evidence indicates that distinct epigenomic landscapes underlie PDAC progression, identifying the H3K9me pathway as important to its pathobiology. Here, we delineate the role of Euchromatic Histone-lysine N-Methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), the enzyme that generates H3K9me, as a downstream effector of oncogenic KRAS during PDAC initiation and pancreatitis-associated promotion. EHMT2 inactivation in pancreatic cells reduces H3K9me2 and antagonizes Kras G12D -mediated acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) and Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) formation in both the Pdx1-Cre and P48 Cre/+ Kras G12D mouse models. Ex vivo acinar explants also show impaired EGFR-KRAS-MAPK pathway-mediated ADM upon EHMT2 deletion. Notably, Kras G12D increases EHMT2 protein levels and EHMT2-EHMT1-WIZ complex formation. Transcriptome analysis reveals that EHMT2 inactivation upregulates a cell cycle inhibitory gene expression network that converges on the Cdkn1a/p21-Chek2 pathway. Congruently, pancreas tissue from Kras G12D animals with EHMT2 inactivation have increased P21 protein levels and enhanced senescence. Furthermore, loss of EHMT2 reduces inflammatory cell infiltration typically induced during Kras G12D -mediated initiation. The inhibitory effect on Kras G12D -induced growth is maintained in the pancreatitis-accelerated model, while simultaneously modifying immunoregulatory gene networks that also contribute to carcinogenesis. This study outlines the existence of a novel KRAS-EHMT2 pathway that is critical for mediating the growth-promoting and immunoregulatory effects of this oncogene in vivo, extending human observations to support a pathophysiological role for the H3K9me pathway in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Urrutia
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Thiago Milech de Assuncao
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Angela J. Mathison
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ann Salmonson
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Romica Kerketta
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Atefeh Zeighami
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Timothy J. Stodola
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Volkan Adsay
- Department of Pathology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcin Pehlivanoglu
- Department of Pathology, Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Center for Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael T. Zimmermann
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Genomic Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- LaBahn Pancreatic Cancer Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Dhar SS, Lee MG. Cancer-epigenetic function of the histone methyltransferase KMT2D and therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of KMT2D-deficient tumors. Oncotarget 2021; 12:1296-1308. [PMID: 34194626 PMCID: PMC8238240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are central to understanding the molecular basis underlying tumorigenesis. Aberrations in epigenetic modifiers alter epigenomic landscapes and play a critical role in tumorigenesis. Notably, the histone lysine methyltransferase KMT2D (a COMPASS/ Set1 family member; also known as MLL4, ALR, and MLL2) is among the most frequently mutated genes in many different types of cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated how KMT2D loss induces abnormal epigenomic reprograming and rewires molecular pathways during tumorigenesis. These findings also have clinical and therapeutic implications for cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the role of KMT2D in regulating tumorigenesis and discuss therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of KMT2D-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa S Dhar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Gyu Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Liehrmann A, Rigaill G, Hocking TD. Increased peak detection accuracy in over-dispersed ChIP-seq data with supervised segmentation models. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:323. [PMID: 34126932 PMCID: PMC8201703 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone modification constitutes a basic mechanism for the genetic regulation of gene expression. In early 2000s, a powerful technique has emerged that couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). This technique provides a direct survey of the DNA regions associated to these modifications. In order to realize the full potential of this technique, increasingly sophisticated statistical algorithms have been developed or adapted to analyze the massive amount of data it generates. Many of these algorithms were built around natural assumptions such as the Poisson distribution to model the noise in the count data. In this work we start from these natural assumptions and show that it is possible to improve upon them. RESULTS Our comparisons on seven reference datasets of histone modifications (H3K36me3 & H3K4me3) suggest that natural assumptions are not always realistic under application conditions. We show that the unconstrained multiple changepoint detection model with alternative noise assumptions and supervised learning of the penalty parameter reduces the over-dispersion exhibited by count data. These models, implemented in the R package CROCS ( https://github.com/aLiehrmann/CROCS ), detect the peaks more accurately than algorithms which rely on natural assumptions. CONCLUSION The segmentation models we propose can benefit researchers in the field of epigenetics by providing new high-quality peak prediction tracks for H3K36me3 and H3K4me3 histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Liehrmann
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, CNRS, INRAE, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d’Evry (LAMME), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, CNRS, 91037 Evry, France
| | - Guillem Rigaill
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, CNRS, INRAE, 91405 Orsay, France
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d’Evry (LAMME), Université Paris-Saclay, Université Evry, CNRS, 91037 Evry, France
| | - Toby Dylan Hocking
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University, 86011 Flagstaff, AZ USA
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SMYD2 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through RPS7. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:439. [PMID: 33935284 PMCID: PMC8089105 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protein methyltransferase SET and MYND domain-containing protein 2 (SMYD2) is a transcriptional regulator that methylates histones and nonhistone proteins. As an oncogene, SMYD2 has been investigated in numerous types of cancer. However, its involvement in lung cancer remains elusive. The prognostic value of SMYD2 expression in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) was determined through bioinformatics analysis, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The effect of SMYD2 on LUAD cell proliferation and metastasis was explored in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated via RNA-seq, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR. SMYD2 expression was significantly upregulated in LUAD cell lines and tissues. High SMYD2 expression was associated with shorter overall and disease-free survival in LUAD patients. Inhibition of SMYD2 with SMYD2 knockdown or AZ505 dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of GLC-82 and SPC-A1 cells and remarkably reduced tumor growth in mice. Mechanically, SMYD2 may activate the transcription of ribosomal small subunit protein 7 (RPS7) by binding to its promoter. Following overexpression of SMYD2, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells increased, which was partially reversed by RPS7. Thus, SMYD2 might modulate tumorigenesis and metastasis mediated by RPS7 LUAD. SMYD2 might be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in LUAD.
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Davidovich C, Zhang Q. Allosteric regulation of histone lysine methyltransferases: from context-specific regulation to selective drugs. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:591-607. [PMID: 33769454 PMCID: PMC8106495 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) are key regulators of many cellular processes. By definition, HKMTs catalyse the methylation of lysine residues in histone proteins. The enzymatic activities of HKMTs are under precise control, with their allosteric regulation emerging as a prevalent paradigm. We review the molecular mechanisms of allosteric regulation of HKMTs using well-studied histone H3 (K4, K9, K27 and K36) methyltransferases as examples. We discuss the current advances and future potential in targeting allosteric sites of HKMTs for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Davidovich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- EMBL-Australia and the ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Tan L, Tran L, Ferreyra S, Moran JA, Skovgaard Z, Trujillo A, Ibili E, Zhao Y. Downregulation of SUV39H1 and CITED2 Exerts Additive Effect on Promoting Adipogenic Commitment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:485-501. [PMID: 33691475 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipogenesis is the process through which uncommitted human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiate into adipocytes. Through a siRNA-based high-throughput screen that identifies adipogenic regulators whose expression knockdown leads to enhanced adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs, two new regulators, SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes H3K9Me3, and CITED2, a CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 were uncovered. Both SUV39H1 and CITED2 are normally downregulated during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Further expression knockdown induced by siSUV39H1 or siCITED2 at the adipogenic initiation stage significantly enhanced adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs as compared with siControl treatment, with siSUV39H1 acting by both accelerating fat accumulation in individual adipocytes and increasing the total number of committed adipocytes, whereas siCITED2 acting predominantly by increasing the total number of committed adipocytes. In addition, both siSUV39H1 and siCITED2 were able to redirect hMSCs to undergo adipogenic differentiation in the presence of osteogenic inducing media, which normally only induces osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs in the absence of siSUV39H1 or siCITED2. Interestingly, simultaneous knockdown of both SUV39H1 and CITED2 resulted in even greater levels of adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs and expression of CEBPα and PPARγ, two master regulators of adipogenesis, as compared with those elicited by single gene knockdown. Furthermore, the effects of co-knockdown were equivalent to the additive effect of individual gene knockdown. Taken together, this study demonstrates that SUV39H1 and CITED2 are both negative regulators of human adipogenesis, and downregulation of both genes exerts an additive effect on promoting adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs through augmented commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Tan
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Linh Tran
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Ferreyra
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Jose A Moran
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Zachary Skovgaard
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Amparo Trujillo
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Esra Ibili
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Yuanxiang Zhao
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, USA
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Marchione AD, Thompson Z, Kathrein KL. DNA methylation and histone modifications are essential for regulation of stem cell formation and differentiation in zebrafish development. Brief Funct Genomics 2021:elab022. [PMID: 33782688 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex processes necessary for embryogenesis require a gene regulatory network that is complex and systematic. Gene expression regulates development and organogenesis, but this process is altered and fine-tuned by epigenetic regulators that facilitate changes in the chromatin landscape. Epigenetic regulation of embryogenesis adjusts the chromatin structure by modifying both DNA through methylation and nucleosomes through posttranslational modifications of histone tails. The zebrafish is a well-characterized model organism that is a quintessential tool for studying developmental biology. With external fertilization, low cost and high fecundity, the zebrafish are an efficient tool for studying early developmental stages. Genetic manipulation can be performed in vivo resulting in quick identification of gene function. Large-scale genome analyses including RNA sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin structure all are feasible in the zebrafish. In this review, we highlight the key events in zebrafish development where epigenetic regulation plays a critical role from the early stem cell stages through differentiation and organogenesis.
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