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Wang T, Luo R, Zhang J, Lan J, Lu Z, Zhai H, Li LF, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The African swine fever virus MGF300-4L protein is associated with viral pathogenicity by promoting the autophagic degradation of IKK β and increasing the stability of I κB α. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2333381. [PMID: 38501350 PMCID: PMC11018083 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2333381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious, often fatal viral disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which imposes a substantial economic burden on the global pig industry. When screening for the virus replication-regulating genes in the left variable region of the ASFV genome, we observed a notable reduction in ASFV replication following the deletion of the MGF300-4L gene. However, the role of MGF300-4L in ASFV infection remains unexplored. In this study, we found that MGF300-4L could effectively inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, which are regulated by the NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that MGF300-4L interacts with IKKβ and promotes its lysosomal degradation via the chaperone-mediated autophagy. Meanwhile, the interaction between MGF300-4L and IκBα competitively inhibits the binding of the E3 ligase β-TrCP to IκBα, thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of IκBα. Remarkably, although ASFV encodes other inhibitors of NF-κB, the MGF300-4L gene-deleted ASFV (Del4L) showed reduced virulence in pigs, indicating that MGF300-4L plays a critical role in ASFV pathogenicity. Importantly, the attenuation of Del4L was associated with a significant increase in the production of IL-1β and TNF-α early in the infection of pigs. Our findings provide insights into the functions of MGF300-4L in ASFV pathogenicity, suggesting that MGF300-4L could be a promising target for developing novel strategies and live attenuated vaccines against ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Chen G, Zhang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Histone methylation in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. Epigenomics 2024; 16:865-877. [PMID: 38869454 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2345040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is linked to various human diseases, including both noncancerous conditions like infectious mononucleosis and cancerous diseases such as lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. After the initial infection, EBV establishes a lifelong presence and remains latent in specific cells. This latent infection causes changes in the epigenetic marks known as histone methylation. Many studies have examined the role of histone methylation in different EBV-associated diseases, and understanding how EBV affects histone methylation can help us identify potential targets for epigenetic therapies. This review focuses on the research progress made in understanding histone methylation in well-studied EBV-associated diseases, intending to provide insights into potential strategies based on histone methylation to combat EBV-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhengde Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
- Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100045, China
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3
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Yin J, Diao N, Tian T, Wang Q, Ma S, He N, Zhou H, Zhou Z, Jia W, Wang X, Shi K, Du R. ARHGEF18 can promote BVDV NS5B activation of the host NF-κB signaling pathway by combining with the NS5B-palm domain. Vet Microbiol 2024; 291:109911. [PMID: 38367539 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 18 (ARHGEF18) is a member of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) family. RhoGEF plays an important role in the occurrence of tumors and neurological diseases; however, its involvement in host cell resistance against pathogenic microorganisms is mostly unknown. Herein, we report that bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) can activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway to induce an immune response. To clarify the functional domains of NS5B that activate NF-κB signaling, the six structural domains of NS5B were expressed separately: NS5B-core, NS5B-finger, NS5B-palm, NS5B-thumb, NS5B-N and NS5B-c domain. We preliminarily determined that the functional domains of NS5B that activate NF-κB signaling are the finger and palm domains. We used a bovine kidney cell cDNA library and yeast two-hybrid technology to identify that the host protein ARHGEF18 interacts with NS5B. Co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that ARHGEF18 interacts strongly with NS5B-palm. Interestingly ARHGEF18 could promote NF-κB signaling activation by BVDV NS5B. In addition silencing ARHGEF18 significantly inhibited NS5B-palm activation of NF-κB signaling. We concluded that ARHGEF18 can bind to BVDV NS5B through the palm domain to activate the NF-κB pathway. These findings provide direct evidence that BVDV NS5B induces immune responses by activating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Naichao Diao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Tian Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuqi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Ning He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hongming Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zehui Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenyi Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Rui Du
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Laboratory of Production and Product Application of Sika Deer of Jilin Province, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Yogev Y, Schaffer M, Shlapobersky M, Jean MM, Wormser O, Drabkin M, Halperin D, Kassem R, Livoff A, Tsitrina AA, Asna N, Birk OS. A role of BPTF in viral oncogenicity delineated through studies of heritable Kaposi sarcoma. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29436. [PMID: 38380509 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8; KSHV), shows sporadic, endemic, and epidemic forms. While familial clustering of KS was previously recorded, the molecular basis of hereditary predilection to KS remains largely unknown. We demonstrate through genetic studies that a dominantly inherited missense mutation in BPTF segregates with a phenotype of classical KS in multiple immunocompetent individuals in two families. Using an rKSHV.219-infected CRISPR/cas9-model, we show that BPTFI2012T mutant cells exhibit higher latent-to-lytic ratio, decreased virion production, increased LANA staining, and latent phenotype in viral transcriptomics. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that KSHV infection dysregulated oncogenic-like response and P53 pathways, MAPK cascade, and blood vessel development pathways, consistent with KS. BPTFI2012T also enriched pathways of viral genome regulation and replication, immune response, and chemotaxis, including downregulation of IFI16, SHFL HLAs, TGFB1, and HSPA5, all previously associated with KSHV infection and tumorigenesis. Many of the differentially expressed genes are regulated by Rel-NF-κB, which regulates immune processes, cell survival, and proliferation and is pivotal to oncogenesis. We thus demonstrate BPTF mutation-mediated monogenic hereditary predilection of KSHV virus-induced oncogenesis, and suggest BPTF as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Yogev
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Schaffer
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Mark Shlapobersky
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan M Jean
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ohad Wormser
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Max Drabkin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Halperin
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Riad Kassem
- Department of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alejandro Livoff
- Department of Pathology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Galilee Medical Center, and The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Alexandra A Tsitrina
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Asna
- Department of Oncology, Barzilai University Medical Center, Ashkelon, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ohad S Birk
- The Morris Kahn Laboratory of Human Genetics at the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- Genetics Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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5
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Kumari S, Rehman A, Chandra P, Singh KK. Functional role of SAP18 protein: From transcriptional repression to splicing regulation. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:738-751. [PMID: 37486712 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Sin3 associated protein 18 (SAP18) is an evolutionary conserved protein, originally discovered in a complex with the transcriptional regulatory protein, Sin3. Subsequent investigations revealed SAP18 as an integral splicing component of the exon junction complex (EJC)-associated apoptosis-and splicing-associated protein (ASAP)/PNN-RNPS1-SAP18 (PSAP) complex. In association with Sin3, SAP18 contributes toward transcriptional repression of genes implicated in embryonic development, stress response, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication, and tumorigenesis. As a part of EJC, SAP18 mediates alternative splicing events and suppresses the cryptic splice sites present within flanking regions of exon-exon junctions. In this review, we provide a thorough discussion on SAP18, focussing on its conserved dual role in transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA splicing. Recent research on the involvement of SAP18 in the emergence of cancer and human disorders has also been highlighted. The potential of SAP18 as a therapeutic target is also discussed in these recent studies, particularly related to malignancies of the myeloid lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Kumari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ayushi Rehman
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Pratap Chandra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kusum K Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Ong TS, Lee AS, Latif B, Sroufe R, Sharif A, Heng Teh B. Enabling green shared vision: linking environmental strategic focus and environmental performance through ISO 14001 and technological capabilities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:31711-31726. [PMID: 36454525 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Consistent with the worldwide call to combat environmental degradation concerns and advance sustainable development, there is increasing pressure on organizations to ensure organizational strategies include green initiatives. In this regard, environmental strategic focus is a relevant concept for scholars and business leaders. Underpinned by dynamic capability and stakeholder theory, the present study hypothesizes that ESF derives environmental performance, coordinated by mediating role of green shared vision that strategic environmental planning and decision making. Additionally, the current study employed ISO 14001 and technological capability as moderators between ESF and the green shared vision link. Methodologically, the data for this study was collected from 162 senior managerial officials working in EMS 14,001-accredited manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The data were analyzed with the AMOS 23 software to perform covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM), and then hierarchical regression analysis and moderated-mediation analysis were applied with SPSS 25. The findings confirmed that ESF is positively linked to environmental performance. The results validate that green shared vision acts as a positive mediator between ESF and environmental performance, in which the creation and sharing of knowledge embedded in a green shared vision serve as enablers to create higher environmental performance. The current study also validates a significant moderating role of ISO 14001 and technological capability between ESF and green shared vision. The study confirms how environmental strategies are integrated into environmental management processes that can serve as a source of dynamic capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze San Ong
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Business Administration, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ah Suat Lee
- Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Badar Latif
- School of Business and Economics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.
| | | | - Arshian Sharif
- Department of Economics and Finance, Sunway Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Boon Heng Teh
- Faculty of Management (FOM), Multimedia University Selangor, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
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Li W, Lv S, Liu G, Lu N, Jiang Y, Liang H, Xia W, Xiang Y, Xie C, He J. Epstein-Barr virus DNA seropositivity links distinct tumoral heterogeneity and immune landscape in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124066. [PMID: 36860875 PMCID: PMC9968721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA seronegative (Sero-) and seropositive (Sero+) nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are distinctly different disease subtypes. Patients with higher baseline EBV DNA titers seem to benefit less from anti-PD1 immunotherapy, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics could be the important factor affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we illuminated the distinct multicellular ecosystems of EBV DNA Sero- and Sero+ NPCs from cellular compositional and functional perspectives at single-cell resolution. Method We performed single-cell RNA sequencing analyses of 28,423 cells from ten NPC samples and one non-tumor nasopharyngeal tissue. The markers, function, and dynamics of related cells were analyzed. Results We found that tumor cells from EBV DNA Sero+ samples exhibit low-differentiation potential, stronger stemness signature, and upregulated signaling pathways associated with cancer hallmarks than that of EBV DNA Sero- samples. Transcriptional heterogeneity and dynamics in T cells were associated with EBV DNA seropositivity status, indicating different immunoinhibitory mechanisms employed by malignant cells depending on EBV DNA seropositivity status. The low expression of classical immune checkpoints, early-triggered cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response, global activation of IFN-mediated signatures, and enhanced cell-cell interplays cooperatively tend to form a specific immune context in EBV DNA Sero+ NPC. Conclusions Collectively, we illuminated the distinct multicellular ecosystems of EBV DNA Sero- and Sero+ NPCs from single-cell perspective. Our study provides insights into the altered tumor microenvironment of NPC associated with EBV DNA seropositivity, which will help direct the development of rational immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guoying Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nian Lu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofei Jiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weixiong Xia
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xiang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianxing He, ; Changqing Xie, ; Yanqun Xiang,
| | - Changqing Xie
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Jianxing He, ; Changqing Xie, ; Yanqun Xiang,
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jianxing He, ; Changqing Xie, ; Yanqun Xiang,
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Dihydromyricetin Inhibits Pseudorabies Virus Multiplication In Vitro by Regulating NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Apoptosis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020111. [PMID: 36851415 PMCID: PMC9961748 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infections have caused huge economic losses to the breeding industry worldwide, especially pig husbandry. PRV could threaten human health as an easily ignored zoonotic pathogen. The emergence of new mutants significantly reduced the protective effect of vaccination, indicating an urgent need to develop specific therapeutic drugs for PRV infection. In this study, we found that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could dose-dependently restrain PRV infection in vitro with an IC50 of 161.34 μM; the inhibition rate of DMY at a concentration of 500 μM was 92.16 %. Moreover, the mode of action showed that DMY directly inactivated PRV virion and inhibited viral adsorption and cellular replication. DMY treatment could improve PRV-induced abnormal changes of the NF-κB signaling pathway and excessive inflammatory response through regulation of the contents of IκBα and p-P65/P65 and the transcriptional levels of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). Furthermore, DMY promoted the apoptosis of PRV-infected cells through the regulation of the expressions of Bax and Bcl-xl and the transcriptional levels of Caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, thereby limiting the production of progeny virus. These findings indicated that DMY could be a candidate drug for the treatment of PRV infection.
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Lui WY, Bharti A, Wong NHM, Jangra S, Botelho MG, Yuen KS, Jin DY. Suppression of cGAS- and RIG-I-mediated innate immune signaling by Epstein-Barr virus deubiquitinase BPLF1. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011186. [PMID: 36802409 PMCID: PMC9983872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has developed effective strategies to evade host innate immune responses. Here we reported on mitigation of type I interferon (IFN) production by EBV deubiquitinase (DUB) BPLF1 through cGAS-STING and RIG-I-MAVS pathways. The two naturally occurring forms of BPLF1 exerted potent suppressive effect on cGAS-STING-, RIG-I- and TBK1-induced IFN production. The observed suppression was reversed when DUB domain of BPLF1 was rendered catalytically inactive. The DUB activity of BPLF1 also facilitated EBV infection by counteracting cGAS-STING- and TBK1-mediated antiviral defense. BPLF1 associated with STING to act as an effective DUB targeting its K63-, K48- and K27-linked ubiquitin moieties. BPLF1 also catalyzed removal of K63- and K48-linked ubiquitin chains on TBK1 kinase. The DUB activity of BPLF1 was required for its suppression of TBK1-induced IRF3 dimerization. Importantly, in cells stably carrying EBV genome that encodes a catalytically inactive BPLF1, the virus failed to suppress type I IFN production upon activation of cGAS and STING. This study demonstrated IFN antagonism of BPLF1 mediated through DUB-dependent deubiquitination of STING and TBK1 leading to suppression of cGAS-STING and RIG-I-MAVS signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Yin Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Aradhana Bharti
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Sai Yin Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Nok-Hei Mickey Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Sai Yin Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Michael G. Botelho
- Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Sai Yin Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Kit-San Yuen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (K-SY); (D-YJ)
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (K-SY); (D-YJ)
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10
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Dunham D, Viswanathan P, Gill J, Manzano M. Expression Ratios of the Antiapoptotic BCL2 Family Members Dictate the Selective Addiction of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Transformed Primary Effusion Lymphoma Cell Lines to MCL1. J Virol 2022; 96:e0136022. [PMID: 36416587 PMCID: PMC9749474 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01360-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) causes several malignancies in people living with HIV, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). PEL cell lines exhibit oncogene addictions to both viral and cellular genes. Using CRISPR screens, we previously identified cellular oncogene addictions in PEL cell lines, including MCL1. MCL1 is a member of the BCL2 family, which functions to prevent intrinsic apoptosis and has been implicated in several cancers. Despite the overlapping functions of the BCL2 family members, PEL cells are dependent only on MCL1, suggesting that MCL1 may have nonredundant functions. To investigate why PEL cells exhibit selective addiction to MCL1, we inactivated the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by engineering BAX/BAK1 double knockout cells. In this context, PEL cells become resistant to MCL1 knockdown or MCL1 inactivation by the MCL1 inhibitor S63845, indicating that the main function of MCL1 in PEL cells is to prevent BAX/BAK1-mediated apoptosis. The selective requirement to MCL1 is due to MCL1 being expressed in excess over the BCL2 family. Ectopic expression of several BCL2 family proteins, as well as the KSHV BCL2 homolog, significantly decreased basal caspase 3/7 activity and buffered against staurosporine-induced apoptosis. Finally, overexpressed BCL2 family members can functionally substitute for MCL1, when it is inhibited by S63845. Together, our data indicate that the expression levels of the BCL2 family likely explain why PEL tumor cells are highly addicted to MCL1. Importantly, our results suggest that caution should be taken when considering MCL1 inhibitors as a monotherapy regimen for PEL because resistance can develop easily. IMPORTANCE Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. We showed previously that PEL cell lines require the antiapoptotic protein MCL1 for survival but not the other BCL2 family proteins. This selective dependence on MCL1 is unexpected as the BCL2 family functions similarly in preventing intrinsic apoptosis. Recently, new roles for MCL1 not shared with the BCL2 family have emerged. Here, we show that noncanonical functions of MCL1 are unlikely essential. Instead, MCL1 functions mainly to prevent apoptosis. The specific requirement to MCL1 is due to MCL1 being expressed in excess over the BCL2 family. Consistent with this model, shifting these expression ratios changes the requirement away from MCL1 and toward the dominant BCL2 family gene. Together, our results indicate that although MCL1 is an attractive chemotherapeutic target to treat PEL, careful consideration must be taken, as resistance to MCL1-specific inhibitors easily develops through BCL2 family overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dunham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Prasanth Viswanathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jackson Gill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Henderson State University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas, USA
| | - Mark Manzano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Inflammatory Responses, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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11
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Nesterova IV, Khalturina EO, Nelubin VN, Khaidukov SV, Chudilova GA. Evaluation of the effects in the <i>in vitro</i> system of synthetic thymic hexapeptide on the expression levels of NF-κB, IFNα/βR and CD119 neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with chronic herpes viral co-infections. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-eot-1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Strategies used by herpes viruses with human cells are complex and multifaceted. On one hand, inborn defects in antiviral immune defense have been unveiled, which also affect interferon (IFN) system underlying development of chronic recalcitrant relapsing viral infections such as remittent respiratory viral infections, herpesvirus infections, and papillomavirus infections. On the other hand, numerous viruses are able to damage both immune system and IFN network. During inborn and acquired defects in IFN network, inborn or induced mutation in gene products involved in signaling cascades aimed at upregulating gene expression responsible for IFN production are observed. One of the strategies used by diverse viruses is altering some signaling pathways resulting in activated transcription factors including nuclear factor NF-kB. However, antiviral mechanisms executed by neutrophilic granulocytes (NGs), particularly affecting NF-kB expression have not been elucidated. Aim of the study: to study in vitro features of NF-kB expression and number of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) expressing membrane IFN/R and IFNR in patients with atypical chronic active herpes virus infections (AChA-HVI), followed by assessing an effect of arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine hexapeptide (HP), a synthetic analogue of the active center of the thymopoietin (active substance of drug Imunofan, Russia), on the expression of NG NF-kB and IFN/R and IFNR. Materials and methods. We observed 25 patients of both sexes aged 23 to 64 years with AChA-HVI, manifested by chronic fatigue syndrome and cognitive disorders. Study design: stage 1 clinical, ELISA, PCR methods, FC was used. Stage 2 the in vitro experiment: 32 blood samples from 8 healthy adults and 375 blood samples from 25 patients with AChA-HVI were analyzed: % NG expressing NF-kB, IFN/R, IFNR and the relevant MFI levels by using FC before and after incubation with HP. Results. Our study demonstrated low level (MFI) of NF-kB expression in 100% NG associated with decreased % of NG expressing IFN/R and IFNR in all patients with AChA-HVI and low serum level for IFN and IFN in comparison with healthy individuals. In the in vitro experiment there was shown that 100% of NG expressed NF-kB after exposure to HP. However, only 48% patients (SG 2) restored NF-kB expression level (MFI) to normal range and 52% of cases (SG 1) had no response. HP increased % of NG expressing IFN/R in SG 2 and increased % of NG expressing IFNR in SG 1. Conclusions. It was shown, that influence of HP in vitro has ambiguous effects on the expression of NF-kB, % of NG expressing IFN/R and IFNR in patients with AChA-HVI. We assume that different NF-kB response to HP is associated with inborn or secondary NF-kB deficiency.
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12
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Latanova A, Starodubova E, Karpov V. Flaviviridae Nonstructural Proteins: The Role in Molecular Mechanisms of Triggering Inflammation. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081808. [PMID: 36016430 PMCID: PMC9414172 DOI: 10.3390/v14081808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses are capable of inducing severe inflammation in humans. Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles in viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism of type I IFN is the most investigated; meanwhile, more data are accumulated on their role in the other pathways of innate response. This review systematizes the last known data on the role of Flaviviridae nonstructural proteins in molecular mechanisms of triggering inflammation, with an emphasis on their interactions with TLRs and RLRs, interference with NF-κB and cGAS-STING signaling, and activation of inflammasomes.
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13
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Mukherjee R, Ramachandranpillai R, Nair SS, Choudhuri T. Nm23-H1 induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma cells via inhibition of NF-κB signaling through interaction with oncogenic latent protein vFLIP K13 of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:967-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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14
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Yang T, You C, Meng S, Lai Z, Ai W, Zhang J. EBV Infection and Its Regulated Metabolic Reprogramming in Nasopharyngeal Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:935205. [PMID: 35846746 PMCID: PMC9283984 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.935205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral oncogenes may drive cellular metabolic reprogramming to modulate the normal epithelia cell malignant transformation. Understanding the viral oncogene-mediated signaling transduction dysregulation that involves in metabolic reprogramming may provide new therapeutic targets for virus-associated cancer treatment. Latent EBV infection and expression of viral oncogenes, including latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1/2), and EBV-encoded BamH I-A rightward transcripts (BART) microRNAs (miR-BARTs), have been demonstrated to play fundamental roles in altering host cell metabolism to support nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) pathogenesis. Yet, how do EBV infection and its encoded oncogenes facilitated the metabolic shifting and their roles in NPC carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this review, we will focus on delineating how EBV infection and its encoded oncoproteins altered the metabolic reprograming of infected cells to support their malignances. Furthermore, based on the understanding of the host's metabolic signaling alterations induced by EBV, we will provide a new perspective on the interplay between EBV infection and these metabolic pathways and offering a potential therapeutic intervention strategy in the treatment of EBV-associated malignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chanping You
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengquan Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weipeng Ai
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Instability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Okoye AA, Fromentin R, Takata H, Brehm JH, Fukazawa Y, Randall B, Pardons M, Tai V, Tang J, Smedley J, Axthelm M, Lifson JD, Picker LJ, Favre D, Trautmann L, Chomont N. The ingenol-based protein kinase C agonist GSK445A is a potent inducer of HIV and SIV RNA transcription. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010245. [PMID: 35041707 PMCID: PMC8797195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by Protein Kinase C (PKC) agonists is a potent mechanism for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latency disruption in vitro. However, significant toxicity risks and the lack of evidence supporting their activity in vivo have limited further evaluation of PKC agonists as HIV latency-reversing agents (LRA) in cure strategies. Here we evaluated whether GSK445A, a stabilized ingenol-B derivative, can induce HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transcription and virus production in vitro and demonstrate pharmacological activity in nonhuman primates (NHP). CD4+ T cells from people living with HIV and from SIV+ rhesus macaques (RM) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposed in vitro to 25 nM of GSK445A produced cell-associated viral transcripts as well as viral particles at levels similar to those induced by PMA/Ionomycin, indicating that GSK445A can potently reverse HIV/SIV latency. Importantly, these concentrations of GSK445A did not impair the proliferation or survival of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, but instead, increased their numbers and enhanced IFN-γ production in response to HIV peptides. In vivo, GSK445A tolerability was established in SIV-naïve RM at 15 μg/kg although tolerability was reduced in SIV-infected RM on ART. Increases in plasma viremia following GSK445A administration were suggestive of increased SIV transcription in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that GSK445A is a potent HIV/SIV LRA in vitro and has a tolerable safety profile amenable for further evaluation in vivo in NHP models of HIV cure/remission. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not a definitive cure for HIV infection, in part, because the virus is able to integrate its genetic material in the host cell and remain in a dormant but fully replication-competent form during ART. These latently-infected cells can persist for long periods of time and remain hidden from the host’s immune system. If ART is stopped, the virus can reactivate from this pool of infected cells and resume HIV replication and disease progression. As such, finding and eliminating cells with latent HIV infection is priority for HIV cure research. One approach is to use compounds referred to as latency-reversing agents, that can induce HIV reactivation during ART. The goal of this approach is to facilitate elimination of infected cells by the virus itself once it reactivates or by the host’s immune system, once virus induction renders the cells detectable by the immune system, while also preventing the virus from infecting new cells due to the continued presence of ART. In this study we report on the activity of a novel latency-reversing agent called GSK445A, a potent activator of the enzyme protein kinase C (PKC). We show that GSK445A can induce HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) latency reversal in vitro and has a tolerable saftey profile in nonhuman primates that should permit further testing of this PKC-agonist in strategies to cure HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afam A Okoye
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Takata
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jessica H Brehm
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yoshinori Fukazawa
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Bryan Randall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Marion Pardons
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Tai
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jun Tang
- ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Michael Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - David Favre
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.,HIV Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Kellogg C, Kouznetsova VL, Tsigelny IF. Implications of viral infection in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188622. [PMID: 34478803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first human oncogenic virus in 1964, viruses have been studied for their potential role in aiding the development of cancer. Through the modulation of cellular pathways associated with proliferation, immortalization, and inflammation, viral proteins can mimic the effect of driver mutations and contribute to transformation. Aside from the modulation of signaling pathways, the insertion of viral DNA into the host genome and the deregulation of cellular miRNAs represent two additional mechanisms implicated in viral oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of twelve different viruses on cancer development and how these viruses utilize the abovementioned mechanisms to influence oncogenesis. The identification of specific mechanisms behind viral transformation of human cells could further elucidate the process behind cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kellogg
- REHS Program, San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valentina L Kouznetsova
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Igor F Tsigelny
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; BiAna San Diego, CA, USA.
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17
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NK cells eliminate Epstein-Barr virus bound to B cells through a specific antibody-mediated uptake. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009868. [PMID: 34415956 PMCID: PMC8409624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) causes a highly prevalent and lifelong infection contributing to the development of some malignancies. In addition to the key role played by T cells in controlling this pathogen, NK cells mediate cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in response to EBV-infected B cells in lytic cycle, both directly and through antibody (Ab)-dependent activation. We recently described that EBV-specific Ab-dependent NK cell interaction with viral particles (VP) bound to B cells triggered degranulation and TNFα secretion but not B cell lysis nor IFNγ production. In this report we show that NK cell activation under these conditions reduced B cell transformation by EBV. NK cells eliminated VP from the surface of B cells through a specific and active process which required tyrosine kinase activation, actin polymerization and Ca2+, being independent of proteolysis and perforin. VP were displayed at the NK cell surface before being internalized and partially shuttled to early endosomes and lysosomes. VP transfer was encompassed by a trogocytosis process including the EBV receptor CD21, together with CD19 and CD20. Our study reveals a novel facet of the antibody-dependent NK cell mediated response to this viral infection. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family which causes a frequent and lifelong infection. The immune system is unable to fully eliminate the virus, which remains dormant in infected B lymphocytes. EBV reactivation leads to the production of new infective particles, spreading to other cells and favoring its transmission. EBV infection goes generally unnoticed in healthy individuals, though it may occasionally cause a disease termed Infectious Mononucleosis, as well as severe disorders in patients with a defective immune response. Remarkably, EBV has oncogenic potential contributing to the development of some tumors, and has been associated to autoimmune diseases. T lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells play an essential role in the defense against EBV, killing infected cells when the virus reactivates. Antiviral NK cell functions may be also triggered by antibodies (Ab) recognizing infected cells. In this report we provide the first evidence supporting that NK cells in combination with anti-EBV Ab are able to eliminate the virus attached to the surface of B cells, reducing their infection without killing them.
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18
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Ababneh E, Saad AM, Crane GM. The role of EBV in haematolymphoid proliferations: emerging concepts relevant to diagnosis and treatment. Histopathology 2021; 79:451-464. [PMID: 33829526 DOI: 10.1111/his.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus with >90% of the adult population worldwide harbouring latent infection. A small subset of those infected develop EBV-associated neoplasms, including a range of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). The diagnostic distinction of these entities appears increasingly relevant as our understanding of EBV-host interactions and mechanisms of EBV-driven lymphomagenesis improves. EBV may lower the mutational threshold for malignant transformation, create potential vulnerabilities related to viral alteration of cell metabolism and allow for improved immune targeting. However, these tumours may escape immune surveillance by affecting their immune microenvironment, limiting viral gene expression or potential loss of the viral episome. Methods to manipulate the latency state of the virus to enhance immunogenicity are emerging as well as the potential to detect so-called 'hit and run' cases where EBV has been lost. Finally, measurement of EBV DNA remains an important biomarker for screening and monitoring of LPD. Methods to distinguish EBV DNA derived from virions during lytic activation from latent, methylated EBV DNA present in EBV-associated neoplasms may broaden the utility of this testing, particularly in patients with compromised immune function. We highlight some of these emerging areas relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of EBV-associated LPD with potential applicability to other EBV-associated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Ababneh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anas M Saad
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Genevieve M Crane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Gaiolla RD, Moraes MPDT, de Oliveira DE. SNPs in genes encoding for IL-10, TNF-α, and NFκB p105/p50 are associated with clinical prognostic factors for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248259. [PMID: 33684151 PMCID: PMC7939322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a B-cell-derived malignant neoplasia that has a unique histological distribution, in which the scarce malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells are surrounded by nonmalignant inflammatory cells. The interactions between the malignant and inflammatory cells are mediated by aberrantly produced cytokines, which play an important role in tumor immunopathogenesis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding cytokines and their regulatory proteins may influence the peripheral levels of these molecules and affect disease’s pathobiology. In this study, we evaluate SNPs in the promoter regions of the genes encoding for two key cytokines in Hodgkin lymphoma: IL-10 (SNP/pIL10–592, rs1800872; and SNP/pIL10–1082, rs1800896) and TNF-α (SNP/pTNF -238, rs361525; and SNP/pTNF -862, rs1800630), as well as an SNP in the intronic region of the NFκB1 gene (SNP/iNFKB1, rs1585215), an important regulator of cytokine gene expression. We then look to their possible association with clinical and laboratory features in cHL patients. Seventy-three patients with cHL are genotyped by qPCR-high resolution melting. The SNPs’ genotypes are analyzed individually for each SNP, and when more than two allelic combinations are identified, the genotypes are also divided into two groups according to proposed biological relevance. By univariate analysis, patients harboring SNP/pTNF -238 AG genotype more frequently have EBV-associated cHL compared to homozygous GG, whereas the presence of mediastinal disease (bulky and nonbulky) is more common in the pIL10–592 AC/CC group compared to the AA homozygous group. Patients with SNP/iNFKB1 AA genotype more frequently have stage IV and extranodal disease at diagnosis. These results indicate that some SNPs’ genotypes for IL-10 and TNF-α genes are associated with prognostic parameters in cHL. For the first time, the SNP/iNFKB1 is described in association with clinical features of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dezen Gaiolla
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan), Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Liu Y, He S, Wang XL, Peng W, Chen QY, Chi DM, Chen JR, Han BW, Lin GW, Li YQ, Wang QY, Peng RJ, Wei PP, Guo X, Li B, Xia X, Mai HQ, Hu XD, Zhang Z, Zeng YX, Bei JX. Tumour heterogeneity and intercellular networks of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at single cell resolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:741. [PMID: 33531485 PMCID: PMC7854640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of tumour microenvironment (TME) underlying diverse treatment responses remains unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Here, we profile 176,447 cells from 10 NPC tumour-blood pairs, using single-cell transcriptome coupled with T cell receptor sequencing. Our analyses reveal 53 cell subtypes, including tumour-infiltrating CD8+ T, regulatory T (Treg), and dendritic cells (DCs), as well as malignant cells with different Epstein-Barr virus infection status. Trajectory analyses reveal exhausted CD8+ T and immune-suppressive TNFRSF4+ Treg cells in tumours might derive from peripheral CX3CR1+CD8+ T and naïve Treg cells, respectively. Moreover, we identify immune-regulatory and tolerogenic LAMP3+ DCs. Noteworthily, we observe intensive inter-cell interactions among LAMP3+ DCs, Treg, exhausted CD8+ T, and malignant cells, suggesting potential cross-talks to foster an immune-suppressive niche for the TME. Collectively, our study uncovers the heterogeneity and interacting molecules of the TME in NPC at single-cell resolution, which provide insights into the mechanisms underlying NPC progression and the development of precise therapies for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai He
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Liang Wang
- BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Peng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Chi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Rong Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wei Han
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wang Lin
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Qi Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yu Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Rou-Jun Peng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan-Pan Wei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Da Hu
- BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Xin Zeng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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21
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An Update of the Virion Proteome of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121382. [PMID: 33276600 PMCID: PMC7761624 DOI: 10.3390/v12121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The virion proteins of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were initially characterized in 2005 in two separate studies that combined the detection of 24 viral proteins and a few cellular components via LC-MS/MS or MALDI-TOF. Despite considerable advances in the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry instrumentation in recent years, leading to significantly higher yields in detections, the KSHV virion proteome has not been revisited. In this study, we have re-examined the protein composition of purified KSHV virions via ultra-high resolution Qq time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHR-QqTOF). Our results confirm the detection of all previously reported virion proteins, in addition to 17 other viral proteins, some of which have been characterized as virion-associated using other methods, and 10 novel proteins identified as virion-associated for the first time in this study. These results add KSHV ORF9, ORF23, ORF35, ORF48, ORF58, ORF72/vCyclin, K3, K9/vIRF1, K10/vIRF4, and K10.5/vIRF3 to the list of KSHV proteins that can be incorporated into virions. The addition of these proteins to the KSHV virion proteome provides novel and important insight into early events in KSHV infection mediated by virion-associated proteins. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD022626.
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22
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Lymphotropic Viruses: Chronic Inflammation and Induction of Cancers. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110390. [PMID: 33182552 PMCID: PMC7697807 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation induced by transcription factors, including Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) and NF-κB, in response to microbial pathogenic infections and ligand dependent receptors stimulation are critical for controlling infections. However, uncontrolled inflammation induced by these transcription factors could lead to immune dysfunction, persistent infection, inflammatory related diseases and the development of cancers. Although the induction of innate immunity and inflammation in response to viral infection is important to control virus replication, its effects can be modulated by lymphotropic viruses including human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), Κaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) during de novo infection as well as latent infection. These lymphotropic viruses persistently activate JAK-STAT and NF-κB pathways. Long-term STAT and NF-κB activation by these viruses leads to the induction of chronic inflammation, which can support the persistence of these viruses and promote virus-mediated cancers. Here, we review how HTLV-1, KSHV and EBV hijack the function of host cell surface molecules (CSMs), which are involved in the regulation of chronic inflammation, innate and adaptive immune responses, cell death and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. Thus, better understanding of CSMs-mediated chronic activation of STATs and NF-κB pathways in lymphotropic virus-infected cells may pave the way for therapeutic intervention in malignancies caused by lymphotropic viruses.
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23
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The interplay between EBV and KSHV viral products and NF-κB pathway in oncogenesis. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:62. [PMID: 33072180 PMCID: PMC7559203 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the DNA tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), account for a considerable percentage of virus-associated cancers. Deregulation of transcription factors signaling pathways is one of the most significant oncogenic characteristics of EBV and KSHV. NF-κB is a transcription factor that play a remarkable role in oncogenesis because of its function as a master regulator of a spectrum of genes involved in physiological and pathophysiological process. Constitutive activation of NF-κB is a frequent and well-described event in many human malignancies. Compelling evidence represent EBV and KSHV are capable of targeting different components of NF-κB cascade. Here, we summarized recent findings to clarify the precise relationship between dysregulation of NF-κB and EBV and KSHV-related malignancies. This essay also emphasizes on contribution of various viral products in developing cancer through alteration of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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24
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Gabaev I, Williamson JC, Crozier TW, Schulz TF, Lehner PJ. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Lytic KSHV Infection in Human Endothelial Cells Reveals Targets of Viral Immune Modulation. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108249. [PMID: 33053346 PMCID: PMC7567700 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic human virus and the leading cause of mortality in HIV infection. KSHV reactivation from latent- to lytic-stage infection initiates a cascade of viral gene expression. Here we show how these changes remodel the host cell proteome to enable viral replication. By undertaking a systematic and unbiased analysis of changes to the endothelial cell proteome following KSHV reactivation, we quantify >7,000 cellular proteins and 71 viral proteins and provide a temporal profile of protein changes during the course of lytic KSHV infection. Lytic KSHV induces >2-fold downregulation of 291 cellular proteins, including PKR, the key cellular sensor of double-stranded RNA. Despite the multiple episomes per cell, CRISPR-Cas9 efficiently targets KSHV genomes. A complementary KSHV genome-wide CRISPR genetic screen identifies K5 as the viral gene responsible for the downregulation of two KSHV targets, Nectin-2 and CD155, ligands of the NK cell DNAM-1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildar Gabaev
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - James C. Williamson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Thomas W.M. Crozier
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany,German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Paul J. Lehner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK,Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK,Corresponding author
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25
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Shimada S, Kawasaki H, Diao Y, Ren HY, Li WH, Tang MQ. Epstein-Barr virus is a promoter of lymphoma cell metastasis. Pathology 2020; 52:676-685. [PMID: 32768248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the promoter of cell tumourigenesis. We found that EBV is also a promoter of lymphoma cell dissemination, because we found the typical morphopathological phenomenon of cell adhesion, which confirmed that the adhesion of tumour cells was higher than that of normal cells. We also observed that tumour cells disrupted the dynamic pathological changes of vascular endothelial cells, and this made it clear that the rate of tumour cell metastasis was directly proportional to the degree of EBV infection. Furthermore, when we discovered exosomes, it was considered that this was associated with cancer stem cells, suggesting the formation of a microenvironment before tumour cell metastasis. In addition, competitive inhibition was found in cell adhesion, indicating the breakthrough point of preventing tumour cell metastasis, which has clinical reference value for tumour immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Shimada
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China.
| | | | - Yong Diao
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Yun Ren
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Wen-Hua Li
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming-Qing Tang
- School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Ferulic Acid Protects against Porcine Parvovirus Infection-Induced Apoptosis by Suppressing the Nuclear Factor- κB Inflammasome Axis and Toll-Like Receptor 4 via Nonstructural Protein 1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3943672. [PMID: 32382287 PMCID: PMC7199543 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3943672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection-induced apoptosis was recently identified as an important pathological factor in PPV-induced placental tissue damage, resulting in reproduction failure. In the present study, we demonstrate the possible involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB inflammasome activation in PPV infection-induced apoptosis and the protective potential of ferulic acid (FA). PPV infection significantly activated the expression levels of TLR4, NF-κB, MyD88, and interleukin (IL)-6. However, FA ameliorated the pathological process, prevented histological alterations, and inhibited the apoptosis rate in porcine kidney (PK-15) cells infected with PPV. Results FA inhibited PPV infection-induced inflammasome activation as shown by decreases in the expression of NF-κB, MyD88, and IL-6. FA also downregulated nonstructural (NS) 1 protein expression in infected PK-15 cells. Conclusions FA downregulated NS1 and TLR4 signaling, prevented the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed the NF-κB inflammasome axis to inhibit PPV-induced apoptosis in PK-15 cells.
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27
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Xing WY, Zhang ZH, Xu S, Hong Q, Tian QX, Ye QL, Wang H, Yu DX, Xu DX, Xie DD. Calcitriol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through suppressing STAT3 signal activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106346. [PMID: 32120344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that infection promotes the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. This study investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of Gram-negative bacilli, on proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and the protective effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol). PC-3 and DU145 cells were stimulated with LPS (2.0 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of 1α,25(OH)2D3 (100 nM). Our results shown that 1α,25(OH)2D3 reduced the proportion of S phase cells in LPS-stimulated PC-3 and DU145 cells, and down-regulated the nuclear protein levels of Cyclin D1 and PCNA in LPS-stimulated PC-3 cells. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibited migration and invasion, as determined by wound healing and transwell assay, in LPS-stimulated PC-3 and DU145 cells. Of interest, we observed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibits NF-κB activation and subsequent synthesis and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by promoting VDR and NF-κB p65 interaction. Surprisingly, 1α,25(OH)2D3 blocks nuclear translocation of pSTAT3 by promoting physical interaction between VDR and pSTAT3 (Tyr705) in LPS-stimulated PC-3 and DU145 cells. These results suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibits LPS-induced proliferation, migration and invasion in prostate cancer cells by directly and indirectly blocking STAT3 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yang Xing
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qian Hong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qi-Xing Tian
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qing-Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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28
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Li B, Chng WJ. EZH2 abnormalities in lymphoid malignancies: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic implications. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:118. [PMID: 31752930 PMCID: PMC6868783 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which along with other PRC2 components mediates gene expression suppression via the methylation of Histone H3 at lysine 27. Recent studies have revealed a dichotomous role of EZH2 in physiology and in the pathogenesis of cancer. While it plays an essential role in the development of the lymphoid system, its deregulation, whether due to genetic or non-genetic causes, promotes B cell- and T cell-related lymphoma or leukemia. These findings triggered a boom in the development of therapeutic EZH2 inhibitors in recent years. Here, we discuss physiologic and pathogenic function of EZH2 in lymphoid context, various internal causes of EZH2 aberrance and how EZH2 modulates lymphomagenesis through epigenetic silencing, post-translational modifications (PTMs), orchestrating with surrounding tumor micro-environment and associating with RNA or viral partners. We also summarize different strategies to directly inhibit PRC2-EZH2 or to intervene EZH2 upstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boheng Li
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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29
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Chen T, Wang Y, Xu Z, Zou X, Wang P, Ou X, Li Y, Peng T, Chen D, Li M, Cai M. Epstein-Barr virus tegument protein BGLF2 inhibits NF-κB activity by preventing p65 Ser536 phosphorylation. FASEB J 2019; 33:10563-10576. [PMID: 31337264 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901196rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus, can regulate the antiviral response of NF-κB signaling, which is critical for cell survival, growth transformation, and virus latency. Here, we showed that tegument protein BGLF2 could inhibit TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity. BGLF2 was shown to interplay with the NF-κB subunits p65 and p50, and the Rel homology domain of p65 was the pivotal region to interact with BGLF2. Nonetheless, BGLF2 did not influence the development of p65-p50 dimerization. Yet, overexpression of BGLF2 inhibited the phosphorylation of p65 Ser536 (but not Ser276) and blocked the nuclear translocation of p65. In addition, knockdown of BGLF2 during EBV lytic replication elevated NF-κB activity and the phosphorylation of p65 Ser536. Taken together, these results suggest that the inhibition of NF-κB activation may serve as a strategy to escape the host's antiviral innate immunity to EBV during its lytic infection.-Chen, T., Wang, Y., Xu, Z., Zou, X., Wang, P., Ou, X., Li, Y., Peng, T., Chen, D., Li, M., Cai, M. Epstein-Barr virus tegument protein BGLF2 inhibits NF-κB activity by preventing p65 Ser536 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanfang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,South China Vaccine Corporation Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daixiong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meili Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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30
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Suppression of the SAP18/HDAC1 complex by targeting TRIM56 and Nanog is essential for oncogenic viral FLICE-inhibitory protein-induced acetylation of p65/RelA, NF-κB activation, and promotion of cell invasion and angiogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1970-1986. [PMID: 30670829 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly invasive and angiogenic tumor of endothelial spindle-shaped cells, is the most common AIDS-associated cancer caused by KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. KSHV-encoded viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) is a viral oncogenic protein, but its role in the dissemination and angiogenesis of KSHV-induced cancers remains unknown. Here, we report that vFLIP facilitates cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis by downregulating the SAP18-HDAC1 complex. vFLIP degrades SAP18 through a ubiquitin-proteasome pathway by recruiting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM56. Further, vFLIP represses HDAC1, a protein partner of SAP18, by inhibiting Nanog occupancy on the HDAC1 promoter. Notably, vFLIP impairs the interaction between the SAP18/HDAC1 complex and p65 subunit, leading to enhancement of p65 acetylation and NF-κB activation. Our data suggest a novel mechanism of vFLIP activation of the NF-κB by decreasing the SAP18/HDAC1 complex to promote the acetylation of p65 subunit, which contributes to vFLIP-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, cell invasion, and angiogenesis. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanism of KSHV-induced pathogenesis, and providing a rationale for therapeutic targeting of the vFLIP/SAP18/HDAC1 complex as a novel strategy of AIDS-KS.
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31
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Ramayanti O, Verkuijlen SAWM, Novianti P, Scheepbouwer C, Misovic B, Koppers-Lalic D, van Weering J, Beckers L, Adham M, Martorelli D, Middeldorp JM, Pegtel DM. Vesicle-bound EBV-BART13-3p miRNA in circulation distinguishes nasopharyngeal from other head and neck cancer and asymptomatic EBV-infections. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2555-2566. [PMID: 30411781 PMCID: PMC6587801 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cell‐free microRNA (miRNA) in biofluids released by tumors in either protein or vesicle‐bound form, represent promising minimally‐invasive cancer biomarkers. However, a highly abundant non‐tumor background in human plasma and serum complicates the discovery and detection of tumor‐selective circulating miRNAs. We performed small RNA sequencing on serum and plasma RNA from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients. Collectively, Epstein Barr virus‐encoded miRNAs, more so than endogenous miRNAs, signify presence of NPC. However, RNAseq‐based EBV miRNA profiles differ between NPC patients, suggesting inter‐tumor heterogeneity or divergent secretory characteristics. We determined with sensitive qRT‐PCR assays that EBV miRNAs BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p and BART13‐3p are actively secreted by C666.1 NPC cells bound to extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble ribonucleoprotein complexes. Importantly, these miRNAs are expressed in all primary NPC tumor biopsies and readily detected in nasopharyngeal brushings from both early and late‐stage NPC patients. Increased levels of BART7‐3p, BART9‐3p and particularly BART13‐3p, distinguish NPC patient sera from healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using sera from endemic NPC patients, other head and neck cancers and individuals with asymptomatic EBV‐infections reveals a superior diagnostic performance of EBV miRNAs over anti‐EBNA1 IgA serology and EBV‐DNA load (AUC 0.87–0.96 vs 0.86 and 0.66 respectively). The high specificity of circulating EBV‐BART13‐3p (97%) for NPC detection is in agreement with active secretion from NPC tumor cells. We conclude EV‐bound BART13‐3p in circulation is a promising, NPC‐selective, biomarker that should be considered as part of a screening strategy to identify NPC in endemic regions. What's new? Analysis of DNA from human tumor viruses in patient blood is a non‐invasive screening method for individuals at risk for developing cancer. A drawback is over‐diagnosis as these sensitive methods also detect non‐cancer‐related infections. Here the authors show by RNA sequencing and PCR amplification that a microRNA (BART13‐3p) encoded by the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) is associated with circulating vesicles in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, thus distinguishing between cancer and non‐cancer‐related EBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia Ramayanti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra A W M Verkuijlen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Putri Novianti
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Scheepbouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Branislav Misovic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danijela Koppers-Lalic
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van Weering
- Amsterdam UMC, Clinical Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlinda Adham
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery, dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Debora Martorelli
- National Cancer Institute, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jaap M Middeldorp
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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32
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Mohanty S, Kumar A, Das P, Sahu SK, Choudhuri T. Multi-targeted therapy of everolimus in Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus infected primary effusion lymphoma. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1098-1115. [PMID: 28653223 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1391-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus (KSHV) infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare aggressive form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B cells. KSHV latent and lytic antigens modulate several host cellular signalling pathways especially mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) for rapid tumor progression and immune evasion. Current chemotherapeutic strategies are becoming ineffective as they kill only dividing cells and inefficient to target molecular pathways crucial for active virus replication and its survival. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor in inducing apoptosis of PEL cells. Dose-dependent treatment of everolimus triggered mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in PEL cells. Everolimus downregulated KSHV latent antigen expression with concurrent blocking of lytic reactivation for active virus replication. Everolimus also inhibited latent antigen mediated constitutively active STAT-3 and NF-κB signalling. We co-cultured everolimus treated PEL cells with immature dendritic cells and found activation of dendritic cells with increase in surface expression of CD86 and HLA-DR. As everolimus targets and disrupts KSHV antigens as well as antigen facilitated multiple signalling pathways necessary for KSHV survival and maintenance of infection with synchronised boosting of immune system against viral infection, it can be a better therapeutic approach towards treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mohanty
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Piyanki Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhabana, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Bolpur, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Sahu
- Division of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Tathagata Choudhuri
- Department of Biotechnology, Siksha Bhabana, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan, Bolpur, India.
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Chen D, Tian X, Zou X, Xu S, Wang H, Zheng N, Wu Z. Harmine, a small molecule derived from natural sources, inhibits enterovirus 71 replication by targeting NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:111-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Müller-Coan BG, Caetano BFR, Pagano JS, Elgui de Oliveira D. Cancer Progression Goes Viral: The Role of Oncoviruses in Aggressiveness of Malignancies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:485-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Hunte R, Alonso P, Thomas R, Bazile CA, Ramos JC, van der Weyden L, Dominguez-Bendala J, Khan WN, Shembade N. CADM1 is essential for KSHV-encoded vGPCR-and vFLIP-mediated chronic NF-κB activation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006968. [PMID: 29698475 PMCID: PMC5919438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 12% of all human cancers worldwide are caused by infections with oncogenic viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8) is one of the oncogenic viruses responsible for human cancers, including Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL), and the lymphoproliferative disorder multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Chronic inflammation mediated by KSHV infection plays a decisive role in the development and survival of these cancers. NF-κB, a family of transcription factors regulating inflammation, cell survival, and proliferation, is persistently activated in KSHV-infected cells. The KSHV latent and lytic expressing oncogenes involved in NF-κB activation are vFLIP/K13 and vGPCR, respectively. However, the mechanisms by which NF-κB is activated by vFLIP and vGPCR are poorly understood. In this study, we have found that a host molecule, Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (CADM1), is robustly upregulated in KSHV-infected PBMCs and KSHV-associated PEL cells. Further investigation determined that both vFLIP and vGPCR interacted with CADM1. The PDZ binding motif localized at the carboxyl terminus of CADM1 is essential for both vGPCR and vFLIP to maintain chronic NF-κB activation. Membrane lipid raft associated CADM1 interaction with vFLIP is critical for the initiation of IKK kinase complex and NF-κB activation in the PEL cells. In addition, CADM1 played essential roles in the survival of KSHV-associated PEL cells. These data indicate that CADM1 plays key roles in the activation of NF-κB pathways during latent and lytic phases of the KSHV life cycle and the survival of KSHV-infected cells.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/genetics
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion/virology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/genetics
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/metabolism
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hunte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Patricia Alonso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Remy Thomas
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Doha, Qatar
| | - Cassandra Alexandria Bazile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Center for AIDS Research and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Louise van der Weyden
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Dominguez-Bendala
- Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Wasif Noor Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Noula Shembade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Viral Oncology Program, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, The University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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36
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Ahn H, Yang JM, Jeon YK, Paik JH. Clinicopathologic implications of TNFAIP3/A20 deletions in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:231-239. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Ahn
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seongnam Korea
| | - Jeong Mi Yang
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seongnam Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seongnam Korea
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37
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Juilland M, Bonsignore L, Thome M. MALT1 protease activity in primary effusion lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:12542-12543. [PMID: 29560084 PMCID: PMC5849148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Juilland
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bonsignore
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Margot Thome
- University of Lausanne, Department of Biochemistry, Epalinges, Switzerland
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38
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Chen M, Sun F, Han L, Qu Z. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) microRNA K12-1 functions as an oncogene by activating NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:33363-73. [PMID: 27166260 PMCID: PMC5078101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The human oncogenic virus Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most common cause of malignancies among AIDS patients. KSHV possesses over hundred genes, including 25 microRNAs (miRNAs). The roles of these miRNAs and many other viral genes in KSHV biology and pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV induces tumorigenesis are still poorly defined. Here, we identify KSHV miRNA K12-1 (miR-K12-1) as a novel viral oncogene by activating two important transcription factors, nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Interestingly, miR-K12-1 activates STAT3 indirectly through inducing NF-κB activation and NF-κB-dependent expression of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) by repressing the expression of the NF-κB inhibitor IκBα. Accordingly, expression of ectopic IκBα or knockdown of NF-κB RelA, IL-6 or STAT3 prevents expression of cell growth genes and suppresses the oncogenicities of both miR-K12-1 and KSHV. These data identify miR-K12-1/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 as a novel oncogenic signaling underlying KSHV tumorigenesis. These data also provide the first evidence showing that IL-6/STAT3 signaling acts as an essential mediator of NF-κB oncogenic actions. These findings significantly improve our understanding of KSHV pathogenesis and oncogenic interaction between NF-κB and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Chen
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Sun
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lei Han
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhaoxia Qu
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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39
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Zhou Y, Jin XH, Jing YX, Song Y, He XX, Zheng LL, Wang YB, Wei ZY, Zhang GP. Porcine parvovirus infection activates inflammatory cytokine production through Toll-like receptor 9 and NF-κB signaling pathways in porcine kidney cells. Vet Microbiol 2017; 207:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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40
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Mariggiò G, Koch S, Zhang G, Weidner-Glunde M, Rückert J, Kati S, Santag S, Schulz TF. Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV) Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen (LANA) recruits components of the MRN (Mre11-Rad50-NBS1) repair complex to modulate an innate immune signaling pathway and viral latency. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006335. [PMID: 28430817 PMCID: PMC5415203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV), a γ2-herpesvirus and class 1 carcinogen, is responsible for at least three human malignancies: Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) and Multicentric Castleman's Disease (MCD). Its major nuclear latency protein, LANA, is indispensable for the maintenance and replication of latent viral DNA in infected cells. Although LANA is mainly a nuclear protein, cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA exist and can act as antagonists of the cytoplasmic DNA sensor, cGAS. Here, we show that cytosolic LANA also recruits members of the MRN (Mre11-Rad50-NBS1) repair complex in the cytosol and thereby inhibits their recently reported role in the sensing of cytoplasmic DNA and activation of the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by cytoplasmic LANA is accompanied by increased lytic replication in KSHV-infected cells, suggesting that MRN-dependent NF-κB activation contributes to KSHV latency. Cytoplasmic LANA may therefore support the activation of KSHV lytic replication in part by counteracting the activation of NF-κB in response to cytoplasmic DNA. This would complement the recently described role of cytoplasmic LANA in blocking an interferon response triggered by cGAS and thereby promoting lytic reactivation. Our findings highlight a second point at which cytoplasmic LANA interferes with the innate immune response, as well as the importance of the recently discovered role of cytoplasmic MRN complex members as innate sensors of cytoplasmic DNA for the control of KSHV replication.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
- DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism
- DNA Replication
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 8, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- MRE11 Homologue Protein
- Models, Biological
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/immunology
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Isoforms
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology
- Sarcoma, Kaposi/virology
- Signal Transduction
- Virus Latency
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mariggiò
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Sandra Koch
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Guigen Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Magdalena Weidner-Glunde
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Jessica Rückert
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Semra Kati
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Susann Santag
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
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41
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Huang L, Yang M, Yuan Y, Li X, Kuang E. Niclosamide inhibits lytic replication of Epstein-Barr virus by disrupting mTOR activation. Antiviral Res 2016; 138:68-78. [PMID: 27939840 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the oncogenic γ-herpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) cause several severe malignancies in humans. Inhibition of the lytic replication of EBV and KSHV eliminates the reservoir of persistent infection and transmission, consequently preventing the occurrence of diseases from the sources of infection. Antiviral drugs are limited in controlling these viral infectious diseases. Here, we demonstrate that niclosamide, an old anthelmintic drug, inhibits mTOR activation during EBV lytic replication. Consequently, niclosamide effectively suppresses EBV lytic gene expression, viral DNA lytic replication and virion production in EBV-infected lymphoma cells and epithelial cells. Niclosamide exhibits cytotoxicity toward lymphoma cells and induces irreversible cell cycle arrest in lytically EBV-infected cells. The ectopic overexpression of mTOR reverses the inhibition of niclosamide in EBV lytic replication. Similarly, niclosamide inhibits KSHV lytic replication. Thus, we conclude that niclosamide is a promising candidate for chemotherapy against the acute occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases of oncogenic γ-herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengtian Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ersheng Kuang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
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42
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Santarelli R, Granato M, Pentassuglia G, Lacconi V, Gilardini Montani MS, Gonnella R, Tafani M, Torrisi MR, Faggioni A, Cirone M. KSHV reduces autophagy in THP-1 cells and in differentiating monocytes by decreasing CAST/calpastatin and ATG5 expression. Autophagy 2016; 12:2311-2325. [PMID: 27715410 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1235122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) impairs monocyte differentiation into dendritic cells (DCs). Macroautophagy/autophagy has been reported to be essential in such a differentiating process. Here we extended these studies and found that the impairment of DC formation by KSHV occurs through autophagy inhibition. KSHV indeed reduces CAST (calpastatin) and consequently decreases ATG5 expression in both THP-1 monocytoid cells and primary monocytes. We unveiled a new mechanism put in place by KSHV to escape from immune control. The discovery of viral immune suppressive strategies that contribute to the onset and progression of viral-associated malignancies is of fundamental importance for finding new therapeutic approaches against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Santarelli
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - M Granato
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - G Pentassuglia
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - V Lacconi
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | | | - R Gonnella
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - M Tafani
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - M R Torrisi
- b Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti , Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,c Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea , Rome , Italy
| | - A Faggioni
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - M Cirone
- a Department of Experimental Medicine , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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43
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A role for MALT1 activity in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus latency and growth of primary effusion lymphoma. Leukemia 2016; 31:614-624. [PMID: 27538487 PMCID: PMC5339436 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is an incurable malignancy that develops in immunodeficient patients as a consequence of latent infection of B-cells with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). Malignant growth of KSHV-infected B cells requires the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB, which controls maintenance of viral latency and suppression of the viral lytic program. Here we show that the KSHV proteins K13 and K15 promote NF-κB activation via the protease mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein-1 (MALT1), a key driver of NF-κB activation in lymphocytes. Inhibition of the MALT1 protease activity induced a switch from the latent to the lytic stage of viral infection, and led to reduced growth and survival of PEL cell lines in vitro and in a xenograft model. These results demonstrate a key role for the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in PEL, and provide a rationale for the pharmacological targeting of MALT1 in PEL therapy.
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Jha HC, Sun Z, Upadhyay SK, El-Naccache DW, Singh RK, Sahu SK, Robertson ES. KSHV-Mediated Regulation of Par3 and SNAIL Contributes to B-Cell Proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005801. [PMID: 27463802 PMCID: PMC4963126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and transformation is an important step in progression to cancer. Par3 (partitioning-defective protein) is a crucial factor in regulating epithelial cell polarity. However, the mechanism by which the latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) encoded by Kaposi's Sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) regulates Par3 and EMTs markers (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition) during viral-mediated B-cell oncogenesis has not been fully explored. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a crucial role for EMT markers during B-cell malignancies. In this study, we demonstrate that Par3 is significantly up-regulated in KSHV-infected primary B-cells. Further, Par3 interacted with LANA in KSHV positive and LANA expressing cells which led to translocation of Par3 from the cell periphery to a predominantly nuclear signal. Par3 knockdown led to reduced cell proliferation and increased apoptotic induction. Levels of SNAIL was elevated, and E-cadherin was reduced in the presence of LANA or Par3. Interestingly, KSHV infection in primary B-cells led to enhancement of SNAIL and down-regulation of E-cadherin in a temporal manner. Importantly, knockdown of SNAIL, a major EMT regulator, in KSHV cells resulted in reduced expression of LANA, Par3, and enhanced E-cadherin. Also, SNAIL bound to the promoter region of p21 and can regulate its activity. Further a SNAIL inhibitor diminished NF-kB signaling through upregulation of Caspase3 in KSHV positive cells in vitro. This was also supported by upregulation of SNAIL and Par3 in BC-3 transplanted NOD-SCID mice which has potential as a therapeutic target for KSHV-associated B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem C. Jha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Santosh K. Upadhyay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Darine W. El-Naccache
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rajnish K. Singh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sushil K. Sahu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Cancer, and Tumor Virology Program and Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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NF-κB Signaling Regulates Expression of Epstein-Barr Virus BART MicroRNAs and Long Noncoding RNAs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Virol 2016; 90:6475-88. [PMID: 27147748 PMCID: PMC4936125 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00613-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) expresses few viral proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) but high levels of BamHI-A rightward transcripts (BARTs), which include long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and BART microRNAs (miRNAs). It is hypothesized that the mechanism for regulation of BARTs may relate to EBV pathogenesis in NPC. We showed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activates the BART promoters and modulates the expression of BARTs in EBV-infected NPC cells but that introduction of mutations into the putative NF-κB binding sites abolished activation of BART promoters by NF-κB. Binding of p50 subunits to NF-κB sites in the BART promoters was confirmed in electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and further demonstrated in vivo using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis. Expression of BART miRNAs and lncRNAs correlated with NF-κB activity in EBV-infected epithelial cells, while treatment of EBV-harboring NPC C666-1 cells with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) and the IκB kinase inhibitor PS-1145 inhibited NF-κB activity, resulting in downregulation of BART expression. Expression of EBV LMP1 activates BART promoters, whereas an LMP1 mutant which cannot induce NF-κB activation does not activate BART promoters, further supporting the idea that expression of BARTs is regulated by NF-κB signaling. Expression of LMP1 is tightly regulated in NPC cells, and this study confirmed that miR-BART5-5p downregulates LMP1 expression, suggesting a feedback loop between BART miRNA and LMP1-mediated NF-κB activation in the NPC setting. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism underlying the deregulation of BARTs in NPC and identify a regulatory loop through which BARTs support EBV latency in NPC.
IMPORTANCE Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells are ubiquitously infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Notably, EBV expresses very few viral proteins in NPC cells, presumably to avoid triggering an immune response, but high levels of EBV BART miRNAs and lncRNAs which exhibit complex functions associated with EBV pathogenesis. The mechanism for regulation of BARTs is critical for understanding NPC oncogenesis. This study provides multiple lines of evidence to show that expression of BARTs is subject to regulation by NF-κB signaling. EBV LMP1 is a potent activator of NF-κB signaling, and we demonstrate that LMP1 can upregulate expression of BARTs through NF-κB signaling and that BART miRNAs are also able to downregulate LMP1 expression. It appears that aberrant NF-κB signaling and expression of BARTs form an autoregulatory loop for maintaining EBV latency in NPC cells. Further exploration of how targeting NF-κB signaling interrupts EBV latency in NPC cells may reveal new options for NPC treatment.
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Elgui de Oliveira D, Müller-Coan BG, Pagano JS. Viral Carcinogenesis Beyond Malignant Transformation: EBV in the Progression of Human Cancers. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:649-664. [PMID: 27068530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. A given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of its ability to induce malignant transformation of cells. Nonetheless, oncogenic viruses may also be important for the progression of infection-associated cancers. Recently this hypothesis has been addressed because of studies on the contribution of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to the aggressiveness of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Several EBV products modulate cancer progression phenomena, such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell motility, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In this regard, there are compelling data about the effects of EBV latent membrane proteins (LMPs) and EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs), as well as nontranslated viral RNAs, such as the EBV-encoded small nonpolyadenylated RNAs (EBERs) and viral microRNAs, notably EBV miR-BARTs. The available data on the mechanisms and players involved in the contribution of EBV infection to the aggressiveness of NPC are discussed in this review. Overall, this conceptual framework may be valuable for the understanding of the contribution of some infectious agents in the progression of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deilson Elgui de Oliveira
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan) at Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Pathology Department at Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil.
| | - Bárbara G Müller-Coan
- Viral Carcinogenesis and Cancer Biology Research Group (ViriCan) at Biotechnology Institute (IBTEC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil
| | - Joseph S Pagano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Nakahara T, Kiyono T. Interplay between NF-κB/interferon signaling and the genome replication of HPV. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.16.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HPV infection can persist within the infected epithelium for years. The viral persistence is primarily attributed to the ability of the virus to maintain its genome as nuclear episomes in the basal cells. Recent studies have revealed that HPV induces DNA damage response to facilitate productive amplification of the viral genome. DNA damage response comprises a part of the cellular defense mechanism against viral infection and its activation can result in induction of innate immune responses. The activation of NF-κB and interferon (IFN) signals has been shown to suppress the genome replication of HPV while the viral proteins inhibit NF-κB/IFN signaling. This review intends to focus on illustrating the interplay between NFκB/IFN signaling and HPV genome replication in the HPV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakahara
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Division of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Zhao J, He S, Minassian A, Li J, Feng P. Recent advances on viral manipulation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 15:103-11. [PMID: 26385424 PMCID: PMC4688235 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors regulate the expression of hundreds of genes primarily involved in immune responses. Signaling events leading to NF-κB activation constitute a major antiviral immune pathway. To replicate and persist within their hosts, viruses have evolved diverse strategies to evade and exploit cellular NF-κB immune signaling cascades for their benefit. We summarize recent studies concerning viral manipulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway downstream of pattern recognition receptors. Signal transduction mediated by pattern recognition receptors is a research frontier for both infectious disease and innate immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Shanping He
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Arlet Minassian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Junhua Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States
| | - Pinghui Feng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, United States.
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Tegument Protein BGLF2 Promotes EBV Reactivation through Activation of the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase. J Virol 2015; 90:1129-38. [PMID: 26559845 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01410-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gammaherpesvirus associated with both B cell and epithelial cell malignancies. EBV infection of B cells triggers activation of several signaling pathways that are critical for cell survival, virus latency, and growth transformation. To identify EBV proteins important for regulating cell signaling, we used a proteomic approach to screen viral proteins for AP-1 and NF-κB promoter activity in AP-1- and NF-κB-luciferase reporter assays. We found that EBV BGLF2 activated AP-1 but not NF-κB reporter activity. Expression of EBV BGLF2 in cells activated p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), both of which are important for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 66 amino acids of BGLF2 reduced the ability of BGLF2 to activate JNK and p38. Expression of BGLF2 enhanced BZLF1 expression in latently EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines, and knockdown of BGLF2 reduced EBV reactivation induced by IgG cross-linking. Expression of BGLF2 induced BZLF1 expression and virus production in EBV-infected gastric carcinoma cells. BGLF2 enhanced BZLF1 expression and EBV production by activating p38; chemical inhibition of p38 and MAPK/ERK kinases 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) reduced expression of BZLF1 and virus production induced by BGLF2. In summary, the EBV tegument protein BGLF2, which is delivered to the cell at the onset of virus infection, activates the AP-1 pathway and enhances EBV reactivation and virus production. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both B cell and epithelial cell malignancies, and the virus activates multiple signaling pathways important for its persistence in latently infected cells. We identified a viral tegument protein, BGLF2, which activates members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Expression of BGLF2 increased expression of EBV BZLF1, which activates a switch from latent to lytic virus infection, and increased production of EBV. Inhibition of BGFL2 expression or inhibition of p38/MAPK, which is activated by BGLF2, reduced virus reactivation from latency. These results indicate that a viral tegument protein which is delivered to cells upon infection activates signaling pathways to enhance virus production and facilitate virus reactivation from latency.
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50
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Epstein-Barr Virus BZLF1-Mediated Downregulation of Proinflammatory Factors Is Essential for Optimal Lytic Viral Replication. J Virol 2015; 90:887-903. [PMID: 26537683 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01921-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Elevated secretion of inflammatory factors is associated with latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and the pathology of EBV-associated diseases; however, knowledge of the inflammatory response and its biological significance during the lytic EBV cycle remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the immediate early transcriptional activator BZLF1 suppresses the proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) by binding to the promoter of TNF-α and preventing NF-κB activation. A BZLF1Δ207-210 mutant with a deletion of 4 amino acids (aa) in the protein-protein binding domain was not able to inhibit the proinflammatory factors TNF-α and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and reduced viral DNA replication with complete transcriptional activity during EBV lytic gene expression. TNF-α depletion restored the viral replication mediated by BZLF1Δ207-210. Furthermore, a combination of TNF-α- and IFN-γ-neutralizing antibodies recovered BZLF1Δ207-210-mediated viral replication, indicating that BZLF1 attenuates the antiviral response to aid optimal lytic replication primarily through the inhibition of TNF-α and IFN-γ secretion during the lytic cycle. These results suggest that EBV BZLF1 attenuates the proinflammatory responses to facilitate viral replication. IMPORTANCE The proinflammatory response is an antiviral and anticancer strategy following the complex inflammatory phenotype. Latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection strongly correlates with an elevated secretion of inflammatory factors in a variety of severe diseases, while the inflammatory responses during the lytic EBV cycle have not been established. Here, we demonstrate that BZLF1 acts as a transcriptional suppressor of the inflammatory factors TNF-α and IFN-γ and confirm that BZLF1-facilitated escape from the TNF-α and IFN-γ response during the EBV lytic life cycle is required for optimal viral replication. This finding implies that the EBV lytic cycle employs a distinct strategy to evade the antiviral inflammatory response.
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