1
|
Anes E, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D. Role of Type I Interferons during Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV Infections. Biomolecules 2024; 14:848. [PMID: 39062562 PMCID: PMC11275242 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis and AIDS remain two of the most relevant human infectious diseases. The pathogens that cause them, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV, individually elicit an immune response that treads the line between beneficial and detrimental to the host. Co-infection further complexifies this response since the different cytokines acting on one infection might facilitate the dissemination of the other. In these responses, the role of type I interferons is often associated with antiviral mechanisms, while for bacteria such as Mtb, their importance and clinical relevance as a suitable target for manipulation are more controversial. In this article, we review the recent knowledge on how these interferons play distinct roles and sometimes have opposite consequences depending on the stage of the pathogenesis. We highlight the dichotomy between the acute and chronic infections displayed by both infections and how type I interferons contribute to an initial control of each infection individually, while their chronic induction, particularly during HIV infection, might facilitate Mtb primo-infection and progression to disease. We expect that further findings and their systematization will allow the definition of windows of opportunity for interferon manipulation according to the stage of infection, contributing to pathogen clearance and control of immunopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.M.A.-P.); (D.P.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, 2635-631 Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Wang J, Xu JF, Pi J, Zheng B. Roles of HIF-1α signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: New targets for anti-TB therapeutics? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 711:149920. [PMID: 38615574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly infectious disease induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), continues to be a global public health issue that kill millions of patents every year. Despite significant efforts have been paid to identify effective TB treatments, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of the disease and the presence of comorbidities in TB patients urges us to explore the detailed mechanisms involved in TB immunity and develop more effective innovative anti-TB strategies. HIF-1α, a protein involved in regulating cellular immune responses during TB infection, has been highlighted as a promising target for the development of novel strategies for TB treatment due to its critical roles in anti-TB host immunity. This review provides a summary of current research progress on the roles of HIF-1α in TB infection, highlighting its importance in regulating the host immune response upon Mtb infection and summarizing the influences and mechanisms of HIF-1α on anti-TB immunological responses of host cells. This review also discusses the various challenges associated with developing HIF-1α as a target for anti-TB therapies, including ensuring specificity and avoiding off-target effects on normal cell function, determining the regulation and expression of HIF-1α in TB patients, and developing drugs that can inhibit HIF-1α. More deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIF-1α signaling, its impact on TB host status, and systematic animal testing and clinical trials may benefit the optimization of HIF-1α as a novel therapeutic target for TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Fa Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jiang Pi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Biying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mariotti S, Venturi G, Chiantore MV, Teloni R, De Santis R, Amendola A, Fortuna C, Marsili G, Grilli G, Lia MS, Kiros ST, Lagi F, Bartoloni A, Iacobino A, Cresta R, Lastilla M, Biselli R, Di Bonito P, Lista F, Nisini R. Antibodies Induced by Smallpox Vaccination after at Least 45 Years Cross-React with and In Vitro Neutralize Mpox Virus: A Role for Polyclonal B Cell Activation? Viruses 2024; 16:620. [PMID: 38675961 PMCID: PMC11054675 DOI: 10.3390/v16040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate whether antibodies specific for the vaccinia virus (VV) are still detectable after at least 45 years from immunization. To confirm that VV-specific antibodies are endowed with the capacity to neutralize Mpox virus (MPXV) in vitro. To test a possible role of polyclonal non-specific activation in the maintenance of immunologic memory. METHODS Sera were collected from the following groups: smallpox-vaccinated individuals with or without latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), unvaccinated donors, and convalescent individuals after MPXV infection. Supernatant of VV- or MPXV-infected Vero cells were inactivated and used as antigens in ELISA or in Western blot (WB) analyses. An MPXV plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was optimized and performed on study samples. VV- and PPD-specific memory T cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS None of the smallpox unvaccinated donors tested positive in ELISA or WB analysis and their sera were unable to neutralize MPXV in vitro. Sera from all the individuals convalescing from an MPXV infection tested positive for anti-VV or MPXV IgG with high titers and showed MPXV in vitro neutralization capacity. Sera from most of the vaccinated individuals showed IgG anti-VV and anti-MPXV at high titers. WB analyses showed that positive sera from vaccinated or convalescent individuals recognized both VV and MPXV antigens. Higher VV-specific IgG titer and specific T cells were observed in LTBI individuals. CONCLUSIONS ELISA and WB performed using supernatant of VV- or MPXV-infected cells are suitable to identify individuals vaccinated against smallpox at more than 45 years from immunization and individuals convalescing from a recent MPXV infection. ELISA and WB results show a good correlation with PRNT. Data confirm that a smallpox vaccination induces a long-lasting memory in terms of specific IgG and that antibodies raised against VV may neutralize MPXV in vitro. Finally, higher titers of VV-specific antibodies and higher frequency of VV-specific memory T cells in LTBI individuals suggest a role of polyclonal non-specific activation in the maintenance of immunologic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mariotti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giulietta Venturi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Maria Vincenza Chiantore
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Raffaela Teloni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Antonello Amendola
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Claudia Fortuna
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giulia Marsili
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Giorgia Grilli
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Maria Stella Lia
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Seble Tekle Kiros
- University Hospital Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.T.K.); (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Filippo Lagi
- University Hospital Careggi, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (S.T.K.); (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | | | - Angelo Iacobino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Raffaele Cresta
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Marco Lastilla
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Biselli
- Aeronautica Militare, Comando Logistico, Servizio Sanitario, 00185 Roma, Italy; (R.C.); (M.L.); (R.B.)
| | - Paola Di Bonito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defense Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Roma, Italy; (R.D.S.); (G.G.); (M.S.L.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberto Nisini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy; (S.M.); (G.V.); (M.V.C.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (C.F.); (G.M.); (A.I.); (P.D.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao XC, Ju B, Xiu NN, Sun XY, Meng FJ. When inflammatory stressors dramatically change, disease phenotypes may transform between autoimmune hematopoietic failure and myeloid neoplasms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339971. [PMID: 38426096 PMCID: PMC10902444 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anemia (AA) and hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndrome are paradigms of autoimmune hematopoietic failure (AHF). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia are unequivocal myeloid neoplasms (MNs). Currently, AA is also known to be a clonal hematological disease. Genetic aberrations typically observed in MNs are detected in approximately one-third of AA patients. In AA patients harboring MN-related genetic aberrations, a poor response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and an increased risk of transformation to MNs occurring either naturally or after IST are predicted. Approximately 10%-15% of patients with severe AA transform the disease phenotype to MNs following IST, and in some patients, leukemic transformation emerges during or shortly after IST. Phenotypic transformations between AHF and MNs can occur reciprocally. A fraction of advanced MN patients experience an aplastic crisis during which leukemic blasts are repressed. The switch that shapes the disease phenotype is a change in the strength of extramedullary inflammation. Both AHF and MNs have an immune-active bone marrow (BM) environment (BME). In AHF patients, an inflamed BME can be evoked by infiltrated immune cells targeting neoplastic molecules, which contributes to the BM-specific autoimmune impairment. Autoimmune responses in AHF may represent an antileukemic mechanism, and inflammatory stressors strengthen antileukemic immunity, at least in a significant proportion of patients who have MN-related genetic aberrations. During active inflammatory episodes, normal and leukemic hematopoieses are suppressed, which leads to the occurrence of aplastic cytopenia and leukemic cell regression. The successful treatment of underlying infections mitigates inflammatory stress-related antileukemic activities and promotes the penetration of leukemic hematopoiesis. The effect of IST is similar to that of treating underlying infections. Investigating inflammatory stress-powered antileukemic immunity is highly important in theoretical studies and clinical practice, especially given the wide application of immune-activating agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of hematological neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Chen Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Ju
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nuan-Nuan Xiu
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Sun
- Department of Hematology, The Central Hospital of Qingdao West Coast New Area, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fan-Jun Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng F, Xu P, Miao J, Jin C, Tu H, Zhang J. Pulmonary tuberculosis biomarker miR-215-5p inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 143:102422. [PMID: 37925930 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The normal autophagy flux is beneficial for the rapid elimination of phagocytic pathogens by macrophages. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis interferes with the autophagy flux of macrophages to weaken their immune function and evade immune surveillance. In this study, we found that miRNA-215-5p was downregulated in tuberculosis patients. A potential diagnostic model for tuberculosis was established by combining miRNA-215-5p with three others differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNA-145-5p, miRNA-486-5p and miRNA-628-3p). Furthermore, we discovered that the up-regulated miRNA-215-5p could inhibit the maturation of autophagy by preventing the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in macrophages. The role of TB-specific miRNA-215-5p in inhibiting auto-lysosome formation provides evidence of its potential role in Host-directed therapy for tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Deng
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Jiahong Miao
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Huihui Tu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu C, Qiu Y, Guo J, Cao Y, Li D, Du Y. An Oxygen Supply Strategy for Sonodynamic Therapy in Tuberculous Granuloma Lesions Using a Catalase-Loaded Nanoplatform. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:6257-6274. [PMID: 37936950 PMCID: PMC10627092 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s430019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that remains a major global health challenge. One of the main obstacles to effective treatment is the heterogeneous microenvironment of TB granulomas. This study aimed to investigate the potential of a hypoxic remission-based strategy to enhance the outcome of tuberculosis treatment when implemented in combination with ultrasound. Methods A PLGA nanoparticle (LEV@CAT-NPs) loaded with levofloxacin (LEV) and catalase (CAT) was fabricated by a double emulsification method, and its physical characteristics, oxygen production capacity, drug release capacity, and biosafety were thoroughly investigated. The synergistic therapeutic effects of ultrasound (US)-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs were evaluated using an experimental mouse model of subcutaneous tuberculosis granuloma induced by Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) as a substitute for MTB. Results LEV@CAT-NPs exhibited excellent oxygen production capacity, biosafety, and biocompatibility. Histological analysis revealed that ultrasound-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs could effectively remove bacteria from tuberculous granulomas, significantly alleviate the hypoxia state, reduce the necrotic area and inflammatory cells within the granuloma, and increase the penetration of dyes in granuloma tissues. The combined treatment also reduced the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (eg, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8), and significantly downregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These results suggested that the synergistic treatment of ultrasound-mediated LEV@CAT-NPs effectively eradicated the bacterial infection and reversed the hypoxic microenvironment of tuberculous granulomas, further promoting tissue repair. Conclusion This study provides a non-invasive and new avenue for treating refractory tuberculosis infections. The potential role of regulating hypoxia within infected lesions as a therapeutic target for infection deserves further exploration in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dairong Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ufimtseva EG, Eremeeva NI. Drug-Tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Adopt Different Survival Strategies in Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14942. [PMID: 37834390 PMCID: PMC10573496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid spread of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the phenomenon of phenotypic tolerance to drugs present challenges toward achieving the goal of tuberculosis (TB) elimination worldwide. By using the ex vivo cultures of alveolar macrophages obtained from lung tissues of TB patients after intensive antimicrobial chemotherapy before surgery, different subpopulations of multidrug-tolerant Mtb with a spectrum of phenotypic and growth features were identified in the same TB lesions. Our results are indicative of not only passive mechanisms generating nonheritable resistance of Mtb to antibiotics, which are associated mainly with a lack of Mtb growth, but also some active mechanisms of Mtb persistence, such as cell wall and metabolic pathway remodeling. In one of the subpopulations, non-acid-fast Mtb have undergone significant reprogramming with the restoration of acid-fastness, lipoarabinomannan expression and replication in host cells of some patients after withdrawal of anti-TB drugs. Our data indicate the universal stress protein Rv2623 as a clinically relevant biomarker of Mtb that has lost acid-fastness in human lungs. The studies of Mtb survival, persistence, dormancy, and resumption and the identification of biomarkers characterizing these phenomena are very important concerning the development of vaccines and drug regimens with individualized management of patients for overcoming the resistance/tolerance crisis in anti-TB therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Ufimtseva
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Research Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, 2 Timakova Street, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya I Eremeeva
- Institute of Disinfectology, F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service on Surveillance for Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, 18a Nauchniy Proezd, 117246 Moscow, Russia
- Scientific Department, Ural Research Institute for Phthisiopulmonology, National Medical Research Center of Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 50 XXII Partsyezda Street, 620039 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaushal D, Singh DK, Mehra S. Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Pathogens 2023; 12:1120. [PMID: 37764928 PMCID: PMC10534770 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV and TB are the cause of significant worldwide mortality and pose a grave danger to the global public health. TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected persons, with one in four deaths attributable to TB. While the majority of healthy individuals infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) are able to control the infection, co-infection with HIV increases the risk of TB infection progressing to TB disease by over 20-fold. While antiretroviral therapy (ART), the cornerstone of HIV care, decreases the incidence of TB in HIV-uninfected people, this remains 4- to 7-fold higher after ART in HIV-co-infected individuals in TB-endemic settings, regardless of the duration of therapy. Thus, the immune control of Mtb infection in Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals is not fully restored by ART. We do not fully understand the reasons why Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals maintain a high susceptibility to the reactivation of LTBI, despite an effective viral control by ART. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern HIV-induced reactivation of TB is essential to develop improved treatments and vaccines for the Mtb/HIV-co-infected population. We discuss potential strategies for the mitigation of the observed chronic immune activation in combination with both anti-TB and anti-retroviral approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chavarro-Portillo B, Soto CY, Guerrero MI. Mycobacterium leprae's Infective Capacity Is Associated with Activation of Genes Involved in PGL-I Biosynthesis in a Schwann Cells Infection Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108727. [PMID: 37240073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves and Schwann cells (SCs) are privileged and protected sites for initial colonization, survival, and spread of leprosy bacillus. Mycobacterium leprae strains that survive multidrug therapy show a metabolic inactivation that subsequently induces the recurrence of typical clinical manifestations of leprosy. Furthermore, the role of the cell wall phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in the M. leprae internalization in SCs and the pathogenicity of M. leprae have been extensively known. This study assessed the infectivity in SCs of recurrent and non-recurrent M. leprae and their possible correlation with the genes involved in the PGL-I biosynthesis. The initial infectivity of non-recurrent strains in SCs was greater (27%) than a recurrent strain (6.5%). In addition, as the trials progressed, the infectivity of the recurrent and non-recurrent strains increased 2.5- and 2.0-fold, respectively; however, the maximum infectivity was displayed by non-recurrent strains at 12 days post-infection. On the other hand, qRT-PCR experiments showed that the transcription of key genes involved in PGL-I biosynthesis in non-recurrent strains was higher and faster (Day 3) than observed in the recurrent strain (Day 7). Thus, the results indicate that the capacity of PGL-I production is diminished in the recurrent strain, possibly affecting the infective capacity of these strains previously subjected to multidrug therapy. The present work opens the need to address more extensive and in-depth studies of the analysis of markers in the clinical isolates that indicate a possible future recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Chavarro-Portillo
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Avenida 1ra # 13A-61, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Carlos Y Soto
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Carrera 30 N° 45-03, Bogotá 111321, Colombia
| | - Martha Inírida Guerrero
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Avenida 1ra # 13A-61, Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Simcox BS, Tomlinson BR, Shaw LN, Rohde KH. Mycobacterium abscessus DosRS two-component system controls a species-specific regulon required for adaptation to hypoxia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1144210. [PMID: 36968107 PMCID: PMC10034137 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1144210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab), an emerging opportunistic pathogen, predominantly infects individuals with underlying pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Current treatment outcomes for Mab infections are poor due to Mab's inherent antibiotic resistance and unique host interactions that promote phenotypic tolerance and hinder drug access. The hypoxic, mucus-laden airways in the CF lung and antimicrobial phagosome within macrophages represent hostile niches Mab must overcome via alterations in gene expression for survival. Regulatory mechanisms important for the adaptation and long-term persistence of Mab within the host are poorly understood, warranting further genetic and transcriptomics study of this emerging pathogen. DosRS Mab , a two-component signaling system (TCS), is one proposed mechanism utilized to subvert host defenses and counteract environmental stress such as hypoxia. The homologous TCS of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), DosRS Mtb , is known to induce a ~50 gene regulon in response to hypoxia, carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) in vitro and in vivo. Previously, a small DosR Mab regulon was predicted using bioinformatics based on DosR Mtb motifs however, the role and regulon of DosRS Mab in Mab pathogenesis have yet to be characterized in depth. To address this knowledge gap, our lab generated a Mab dosRS knockout strain (MabΔdosRS) to investigate differential gene expression, and phenotype in an in vitro hypoxia model of dormancy. qRT-PCR and lux reporter assays demonstrate Mab_dosR and 6 predicted downstream genes are induced in hypoxia. In addition, RNAseq revealed induction of a much larger hypoxia response comprised of >1000 genes, including 127 differentially expressed genes in a dosRS mutant strain. Deletion of DosRS Mab led to attenuated growth under low oxygen conditions, a shift in morphotype from smooth to rough, and down-regulation of 216 genes. This study provides the first look at the global transcriptomic response of Mab to low oxygen conditions encountered in the airways of CF patients and within macrophage phagosomes. Our data also demonstrate the importance of DosRS Mab for adaptation of Mab to hypoxia, highlighting a distinct regulon (compared to Mtb) that is significantly larger than previously described, including both genes conserved across mycobacteria as well as Mab-specific genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Breven S. Simcox
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Brooke R. Tomlinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Lindsey N. Shaw
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kyle H. Rohde
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Singh B, Moodley C, Singh DK, Escobedo RA, Sharan R, Arora G, Ganatra SR, Shivanna V, Gonzalez O, Hall-Ursone S, Dick EJ, Kaushal D, Alvarez X, Mehra S. Inhibition of indoleamine dioxygenase leads to better control of tuberculosis adjunctive to chemotherapy. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163101. [PMID: 36692017 PMCID: PMC9977315 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a robust immunosuppressant, is significantly induced in macaque tuberculosis (TB) granulomas, where it is expressed on IFN-responsive macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. IDO expression is also highly induced in human TB granulomas, and products of its activity are detected in patients with TB. In vivo blockade of IDO activity resulted in the reorganization of the granuloma with substantially greater T cells being recruited to the core of the lesions. This correlated with better immune control of TB and reduced lung M. tuberculosis burdens. To study if the IDO blockade strategy can be translated to a bona fide host-directed therapy in the clinical setting of TB, we studied the effect of IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-d-tryptophan adjunctive to suboptimal anti-TB chemotherapy. While two-thirds of controls and one-third of chemotherapy-treated animals progressed to active TB, inhibition of IDO adjunctive to the same therapy protected macaques from TB, as measured by clinical, radiological, and microbiological attributes. Although chemotherapy improved proliferative T cell responses, adjunctive inhibition of IDO further enhanced the recruitment of effector T cells to the lung. These results strongly suggest the possibility that IDO inhibition can be attempted adjunctive to anti-TB chemotherapy in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
12
|
A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020317. [PMID: 36672252 PMCID: PMC9857197 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the current Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. This vaccine was first used in 1921 and, since then, there are still no new licensed tuberculosis vaccines. However, there is extremely active research in the field, with a steep acceleration in the past decades, due to the advance of technologies and more rational vaccine design strategies. This review aims to gather latest updates in vaccine development in the various clinical phases and to underline the contribution of Structural Vaccinology (SV) to the development of safer and effective antigens. In particular, SV and the development of vaccine adjuvants is making the use of subunit vaccines, which are the safest albeit the less antigenic ones, an achievable goal. Indeed, subunit vaccines overcome safety concerns but need to be rationally re-engineered to enhance their immunostimulating effects. The larger availability of antigen structural information as well as a better understanding of the complex host immune response to TB infection is a strong premise for a further acceleration of TB vaccine development.
Collapse
|
13
|
Manganelli R, Cioetto-Mazzabò L, Segafreddo G, Boldrin F, Sorze D, Conflitti M, Serafini A, Provvedi R. SigE: A master regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1075143. [PMID: 36960291 PMCID: PMC10027907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1075143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Extracellular function (ECF) sigma factor SigE is one of the best characterized out of the 13 sigma factors encoded in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis chromosome. SigE is required for blocking phagosome maturation and full virulence in both mice and guinea pigs. Moreover, it is involved in the response to several environmental stresses as surface stress, oxidative stress, acidic pH, and phosphate starvation. Underscoring its importance in M. tuberculosis physiology, SigE is subjected to a very complex regulatory system: depending on the environmental conditions, its expression is regulated by three different sigma factors (SigA, SigE, and SigH) and a two-component system (MprAB). SigE is also regulated at the post-translational level by an anti-sigma factor (RseA) which is regulated by the intracellular redox potential and by proteolysis following phosphorylation from PknB upon surface stress. The set of genes under its direct control includes other regulators, as SigB, ClgR, and MprAB, and genes involved in surface remodeling and stabilization. Recently SigE has been shown to interact with PhoP to activate a subset of genes in conditions of acidic pH. The complex structure of its regulatory network has been suggested to result in a bistable switch leading to the development of heterogeneous bacterial populations. This hypothesis has been recently reinforced by the finding of its involvement in the development of persister cells able to survive to the killing activity of several drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Manganelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Manganelli,
| | | | - Greta Segafreddo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Sorze
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Conflitti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Agnese Serafini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chandra P, Grigsby SJ, Philips JA. Immune evasion and provocation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:750-766. [PMID: 35879556 PMCID: PMC9310001 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has infected humans for millennia. M. tuberculosis is well adapted to establish infection, persist in the face of the host immune response and be transmitted to uninfected individuals. Its ability to complete this infection cycle depends on it both evading and taking advantage of host immune responses. The outcome of M. tuberculosis infection is often a state of equilibrium characterized by immunological control and bacterial persistence. Recent data have highlighted the diverse cell populations that respond to M. tuberculosis infection and the dynamic changes in the cellular and intracellular niches of M. tuberculosis during the course of infection. M. tuberculosis possesses an arsenal of protein and lipid effectors that influence macrophage functions and inflammatory responses; however, our understanding of the role that specific bacterial virulence factors play in the context of diverse cellular reservoirs and distinct infection stages is limited. In this Review, we discuss immune evasion and provocation by M. tuberculosis during its infection cycle and describe how a more detailed molecular understanding is crucial to enable the development of novel host-directed therapies, disease biomarkers and effective vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven J Grigsby
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer A Philips
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dormancy: How to Fight a Hidden Danger. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122334. [PMID: 36557586 PMCID: PMC9784227 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Both latent and active TB infections are caused by a heterogeneous population of mycobacteria, which includes actively replicating and dormant bacilli in different proportions. Dormancy substantially affects M. tuberculosis drug tolerance and TB clinical management due to a significant decrease in the metabolic activity of bacilli, which leads to the complexity of both the diagnosis and the eradication of bacilli. Most diagnostic approaches to latent infection deal with a subpopulation of active M. tuberculosis, underestimating the contribution of dormant bacilli and leading to limited success in the fight against latent TB. Moreover, active TB appears not only as a primary form of infection but can also develop from latent TB, when resuscitation from dormancy is followed by bacterial multiplication, leading to disease progression. To win against latent infection, the identification of the Achilles' heel of dormant M. tuberculosis is urgently needed. Regulatory mechanisms and metabolic adaptation to growth arrest should be studied using in vitro and in vivo models that adequately imitate latent TB infection in macroorganisms. Understanding the mechanisms underlying M. tuberculosis dormancy and resuscitation may provide clues to help control latent infection, reduce disease severity in patients, and prevent pathogen transmission in the population.
Collapse
|
16
|
Comín J, Cebollada A, Samper S. Estimation of the mutation rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cases with recurrent tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16728. [PMID: 36202945 PMCID: PMC9537313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of tuberculosis latency is problematic due to the difficulty of isolating the bacteria in the dormancy state. Despite this, several in vivo approaches have been taken to mimic the latency process. Our group has studied the evolution of the bacteria in 18 cases of recurrent tuberculosis. We found that HIV positive patients develop recurrent tuberculosis earlier, generally in the first two years (p value = 0.041). The genome of the 36 Mycobacterium tuberculosis paired isolates (first and relapsed isolates) showed that none of the SNPs found within each pair was observed more than once, indicating that they were not directly related to the recurrence process. Moreover, some IS6110 movements were found in the paired isolates, indicating the presence of different clones within the patient. Finally, our results suggest that the mutation rate remains constant during all the period as no correlation was found between the number of SNPs and the time to relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Comín
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, C/de San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alberto Cebollada
- grid.419040.80000 0004 1795 1427Unidad de Biocomputación, Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, C/de San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Sofía Samper
- grid.419040.80000 0004 1795 1427Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud, C/de San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.488737.70000000463436020Fundación IIS Aragón, C/de San Juan Bosco, 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.512891.6CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharan R, Ganatra SR, Singh DK, Cole J, Foreman TW, Thippeshappa R, Peloquin CA, Shivanna V, Gonzalez O, Day CL, Gandhi NR, Dick EJ, Hall-Ursone S, Mehra S, Schlesinger LS, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D. Isoniazid and rifapentine treatment effectively reduces persistent M. tuberculosis infection in macaque lungs. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e161564. [PMID: 35862216 PMCID: PMC9479578 DOI: 10.1172/jci161564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A once-weekly oral dose of isoniazid and rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) is recommended by the CDC for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The aim of this study is to assess 3HP-mediated clearance of M. tuberculosis bacteria in macaques with asymptomatic LTBI. Twelve Indian-origin rhesus macaques were infected with a low dose (~10 CFU) of M. tuberculosis CDC1551 via aerosol. Six animals were treated with 3HP and 6 were left untreated. The animals were imaged via PET/CT at frequent intervals. Upon treatment completion, all animals except 1 were coinfected with SIV to assess reactivation of LTBI to active tuberculosis (ATB). Four of 6 treated macaques showed no evidence of persistent bacilli or extrapulmonary spread until the study end point. PET/CT demonstrated the presence of significantly more granulomas in untreated animals relative to the treated group. The untreated animals harbored persistent bacilli and demonstrated tuberculosis (TB) reactivation following SIV coinfection, while none of the treated animals reactivated to ATB. 3HP treatment effectively reduced persistent infection with M. tuberculosis and prevented reactivation of TB in latently infected macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riti Sharan
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Shashank R. Ganatra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dhiraj K. Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Journey Cole
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Taylor W. Foreman
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rajesh Thippeshappa
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Vinay Shivanna
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Neel R. Gandhi
- Emory Tuberculosis Center and
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Shannan Hall-Ursone
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Tuberculosis Center and
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
WhiB4 Is Required for the Reactivation of Persistent Infection of Mycobacterium marinum in Zebrafish. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0044321. [PMID: 35266819 PMCID: PMC9045381 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00443-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are the pathological hallmark of tuberculosis (TB). In individuals with latent TB infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis cells reside within granulomas in a nonreplicating dormant state, and a portion of them will develop active TB. Little is known on the bacterial mechanisms/factors involved in this process. In this study, we found that WhiB4, an oxygen sensor and a transcription factor, plays a critical role in disease progression and reactivation of Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) infection in zebrafish. We show that the whiB4::Tn mutant of M. marinum caused persistent infection in adult zebrafish, which is characterized by the lower but stable bacterial loads, constant number of nonnecrotized granulomas in fewer organs, and reduced inflammation compared to those of zebrafish infected with the wild-type bacteria or the complemented strain. The mutant bacteria in zebrafish were also less responsive to antibiotic treatments. Moreover, the whiB4::Tn mutant was defective in resuscitation from hypoxia-induced dormancy and the DosR regulon was dysregulated in the mutant. Taken together, our results suggest that WhiB4 is a major driver of reactivation from persistent infection. IMPORTANCE About one-quarter of the world’s population has latent TB infection, and 5 to 10% of those individuals will fall ill with TB. Our finding suggests that WhiB4 is an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutics, which may help to prevent the reactivation of latent infection, thereby reducing the incidences of active TB.
Collapse
|
19
|
de Waal AM, Hiemstra PS, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA, van der Does AM. Lung epithelial cells interact with immune cells and bacteria to shape the microenvironment in tuberculosis. Thorax 2022; 77:408-416. [PMID: 35017314 PMCID: PMC8938665 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lung epithelium has long been overlooked as a key player in tuberculosis disease. In addition to acting as a direct barrier to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), epithelial cells (EC) of the airways and alveoli act as first responders during Mtb infections; they directly sense and respond to Mtb by producing mediators such as cytokines, chemokines and antimicrobials. Interactions of EC with innate and adaptive immune cells further shape the immune response against Mtb. These three essential components, epithelium, immune cells and Mtb, are rarely studied in conjunction, owing in part to difficulties in coculturing them. Recent advances in cell culture technologies offer the opportunity to model the lung microenvironment more closely. Herein, we discuss the interplay between lung EC, immune cells and Mtb and argue that modelling these interactions is of key importance to unravel early events during Mtb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M de Waal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Hm Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Egorova A, Salina EG, Makarov V. Targeting Non-Replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Latent Infection: Alternatives and Perspectives (Mini-Review). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413317. [PMID: 34948114 PMCID: PMC8707483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) represents a major challenge to curing TB disease. Current guidelines for LTBI management include only three older drugs and their combinations-isoniazid and rifamycins (rifampicin and rifapentine). These available control strategies have little impact on latent TB elimination, and new specific therapeutics are urgently needed. In the present mini-review, we highlight some of the alternatives that may potentially be included in LTBI treatment recommendations and a list of early-stage prospective small molecules that act on drug targets specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Egorova
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
| | - Elena G. Salina
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vadim Makarov
- The Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Research Center of Biotechnology RAS), 119071 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.); (E.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Esaulova E, Das S, Singh DK, Choreño-Parra JA, Swain A, Arthur L, Rangel-Moreno J, Ahmed M, Singh B, Gupta A, Fernández-López LA, de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez M, Bucsan A, Moodley C, Mehra S, García-Latorre E, Zuniga J, Atkinson J, Kaushal D, Artyomov MN, Khader SA. The immune landscape in tuberculosis reveals populations linked to disease and latency. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:165-178.e8. [PMID: 33340449 PMCID: PMC7878437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) latently infects approximately one-fourth of the world's population. The immune mechanisms that govern progression from latent (LTBI) to active pulmonary TB (PTB) remain poorly defined. Experimentally Mtb-infected non-human primates (NHP) mirror the disease observed in humans and recapitulate both PTB and LTBI. We characterized the lung immune landscape in NHPs with LTBI and PTB using high-throughput technologies. Three defining features of PTB in macaque lungs include the influx of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), an Interferon (IFN)-responsive macrophage population, and activated T cell responses. In contrast, a CD27+ Natural killer (NK) cell subset accumulated in the lungs of LTBI macaques. This NK cell population was also detected in the circulation of LTBI individuals. This comprehensive analysis of the lung immune landscape will improve the understanding of TB immunopathogenesis, providing potential targets for therapies and vaccines for TB control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Esaulova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dhiraj Kumar Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jose Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Amanda Swain
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura Arthur
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bindu Singh
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ananya Gupta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luis Alejandro Fernández-López
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Maria de la Luz Garcia-Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Allison Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Chivonne Moodley
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington 70112, Louisiana
| | - Ethel García-Latorre
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica I, Posgrado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico
| | - Joaquin Zuniga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City 14080, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 07320 Mexico
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA.
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Alvarez AH, Flores-Valdez MA. Can immunization with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin be improved for prevention or therapy and elimination of chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection? Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 18:1219-1227. [PMID: 31826664 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1704263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Current vaccination with BCG can prevent meningeal and disseminated TB in children. However, success against latent pulmonary TB infection (LTBI) or its reactivation is limited. Evidence suggests that there may be means to improve the efficacy of BCG raising the possibility of developing new vaccine candidates against LTBI.Areas covered: BCG improvements include the use of purified mycobacterial immunogenic proteins, either from an active or dormant state, as well as expressing those proteins from recombinant BCG strains that harvor those specific genes. It also includes boost protein mixtures with synthetic adjuvants or within liposomes, as a way to increase a protective immune response during chronic TB produced in laboratory animal models. References cited were chosen from PubMed searches.Expertopinion: Strategies aiming to improve or boost BCG have been receiving increased attention. With the advent of -omics, it has been possible to dissect several specific stages during mycobacterial infection. Recent experimental models of disease, diagnostic and immunological data obtained from individual M. tuberculosis antigens could introduce promising developments for more effective TB vaccines that may contribute to eliminating the hidden (latent) form of this infectious disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Alvarez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
| | - M A Flores-Valdez
- Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C, Guadalajara, México
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Foreman TW, Bucşan AN, Mehra S, Peloquin C, Doyle LA, Russell-Lodrigue K, Gandhi NR, Altman J, Day CL, Ernst JD, Blumberg HM, Rengarajan J, Kaushal D. Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment Eradicates Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Macaques. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:469-477. [PMID: 31647877 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201903-0646oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: The authors have informed the Journal that they have become aware that some of the data in this article may be unreliable. Therefore, we have added this expression of concern while the situation is being reviewed. Rationale: Direct evidence for persistence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) during asymptomatic latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in humans is currently lacking. Moreover, although a 12-week regimen of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP) is currently recommended by the CDC as treatment for LTBI, experimental evidence for 3HP-mediated clearance of persistent Mtb infection in human lungs has not been established.Objectives: Using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of TB, we sought to assess 3HP treatment-mediated clearance of Mtb infection in latently infected macaques.Methods: Sixteen NHPs were infected via inhalation with ∼10 cfu of Mtb CDC1551, after which asymptomatic animals were either treated with 3HP or left untreated. Pharmacokinetics of the 3HP regimen were measured. Following treatment, animals were coinfected with simian immunodeficiency virus to assess reactivation of LTBI and development of active TB disease.Measurements and Main Results: Fourteen NHPs remained free of clinical signs or microbiological evidence of active TB following infection with Mtb and were subsequently either treated with 3HP (n = 7) or left untreated (n = 7). Untreated NHPs were asymptomatic for 7 months but harbored persistent Mtb infection, as shown by reactivation of latent infection following simian immunodeficiency virus coinfection. However, none of the treated animals developed TB reactivation disease, and they remained without clinical or microbiological evidence of persistent bacilli, suggesting treatment-mediated clearance of bacteria.Conclusions: Mtb can persist in asymptomatic macaques for at least 7 months. Furthermore, 3HP treatment effectively cleared bacteria and prevented reactivation of TB in latently infected macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Foreman
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Allison N Bucşan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - Lara A Doyle
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Kasi Russell-Lodrigue
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana
| | | | - John Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Cheryl L Day
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Henry M Blumberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jyothi Rengarajan
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, Louisiana.,Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Center, San Antonio, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arbués A, Brees D, Chibout SD, Fox T, Kammüller M, Portevin D. TNF-α antagonists differentially induce TGF-β1-dependent resuscitation of dormant-like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008312. [PMID: 32069329 PMCID: PMC7048311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF-α- as well as non-TNF-α-targeting biologics are prescribed to treat a variety of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. The well-documented risk of tuberculosis progression associated with anti-TNF-α treatment highlighted the central role of TNF-α for the maintenance of protective immunity, although the rate of tuberculosis detected among patients varies with the nature of the drug. Using a human, in-vitro granuloma model, we reproduce the increased reactivation rate of tuberculosis following exposure to Adalimumab compared to Etanercept, two TNF-α-neutralizing biologics. We show that Adalimumab, because of its bivalence, specifically induces TGF-β1-dependent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resuscitation which can be prevented by concomitant TGF-β1 neutralization. Moreover, our data suggest an additional role of lymphotoxin-α–neutralized by Etanercept but not Adalimumab–in the control of latent tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, we show that, while Secukinumab, an anti-IL-17A antibody, does not revert Mtb dormancy, the anti-IL-12-p40 antibody Ustekinumab and the recombinant IL-1RA Anakinra promote Mtb resuscitation, in line with the importance of these pathways in tuberculosis immunity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the world’s leading infectious killer. Multi-cellular immune structures called granulomas may constitute a latent form of Mtb infection and a potential reservoir for future cases. Post-marketing surveillance data suggested that Mtb protective immunity is unequally impacted by different TNF-α-targeting drugs used to treat inflammatory disorders. We used an in-vitro granuloma model to reproduce these clinical observations and gain mechanistic insights and, in addition, to assess the risk of tuberculosis reactivation associated with the use of other immunomodulatory drugs. These results may inspire pharmacologists to design future drug-development strategies of biologics in particular, while immunologists and microbiologists will find a relevant experimental approach to disentangle the complex interactions involved in Mtb protective immunity and immunopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Arbués
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Brees
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Todd Fox
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kammüller
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MK); (DP)
| | - Damien Portevin
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (MK); (DP)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jiang J, Lin C, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shen L, Yang K, Xiao W, Li Y, Zhang L, Liu J. Transcriptome Changes of Mycobacterium marinum in the Process of Resuscitation From Hypoxia-Induced Dormancy. Front Genet 2020; 10:1359. [PMID: 32117415 PMCID: PMC7025489 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-third of the world's population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), which represents a huge disease reservoir for reactivation and a major obstacle for effective control of tuberculosis. During latent infection, M. tb is thought to enter nonreplicative dormant states by virtue of its response to hypoxia and nutrient-deprived conditions. Knowledge of the genetic programs used to facilitate entry into and exit from the nonreplicative dormant states remains incomplete. In this study, we examined the transcriptional changes of Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum), a pathogenic mycobacterial species closely related to M. tb, at different stages of resuscitation from hypoxia-induced dormancy. RNA-seq analyses were performed on M. marinum cultures recovered at multiple time points after resuscitation. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at each time period were identified and analyzed. Co-expression networks of transcription factors and DEGs in each period were constructed. In addition, we performed a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) on all genes and obtained 12 distinct gene modules. Collectively, these data provided valuable insight into the transcriptome changes of M. marinum upon resuscitation as well as gene module function of the bacteria during active metabolism and growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kunpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, MOE Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Skvortsova YV, Salina EG, Burakova EA, Bychenko OS, Stetsenko DA, Azhikina TL. A New Antisense Phosphoryl Guanidine Oligo-2'-O-Methylribonucleotide Penetrates Into Intracellular Mycobacteria and Suppresses Target Gene Expression. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1049. [PMID: 31632266 PMCID: PMC6778816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains prompted the development of new strategies to combat tuberculosis, one of which is antisense therapy based on targeting bacterial mRNA by oligonucleotide derivatives. However, the main limitation of antisense antibacterials is poor cellular uptake because of electrostatic charge. Phosphoryl guanidine oligo-2′-O-methylribonucleotides (2′-OMe PGOs) are a novel type of uncharged RNA analogues with high RNA affinity, which penetrate through the bacterial cell wall more efficiently. In this study, we investigated the uptake and biological effects of 2′-OMe PGO in mycobacteria. The results indicated that 2′-OMe PGO specific for the alanine dehydrogenase-encoding ald gene inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis and downregulated ald expression at both the transcriptional and translational levels through an RNase H-independent mechanism, showing higher biological activity than its phosphorothioate oligonucleotide counterpart. Confocal microscopy revealed that the anti-ald 2′-OMe PGO was taken up by intracellular mycobacteria residing in RAW 264.7 macrophages without exerting toxic effects on eukaryotic cells, indicating that 2′-OMe PGO was able to efficiently cross two cellular membranes. In addition, 2′-OMe PGO inhibited the transcription of the target ald gene in M. smegmatis-infected macrophages. Thus, we demonstrated, for the first time, a possibility of targeting gene expression and inhibiting growth of intracellular mycobacteria by antisense oligonucleotide derivatives. Strong antisense activity and efficient uptake of the new RNA analogue, 2′-OMe PGO, by intracellular microorganisms revealed here may promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat TB and prevent the emergence of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Skvortsova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Burakova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana S Bychenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Stetsenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Faculty of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana L Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salina EG, Grigorov AS, Bychenko OS, Skvortsova YV, Mamedov IZ, Azhikina TL, Kaprelyants AS. Resuscitation of Dormant "Non-culturable" Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is Characterized by Immediate Transcriptional Burst. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:272. [PMID: 31428590 PMCID: PMC6689984 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Under unfavorable conditions such as host immune responses and environmental stresses, human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis may acquire the dormancy phenotype characterized by "non-culturability" and a substantial decrease of metabolic activity and global transcription rates. Here, we found that the transition of M. tuberculosis from the dormant "non-culturable" (NC) cells to fully replicating population in vitro occurred not earlier than 7 days after the start of the resuscitation process, with predominant resuscitation over this time interval evidenced by shortening apparent generation time up to 2.8 h at the beginning of resuscitation. The early resuscitation phase was characterized by constant, albeit low, incorporation of radioactive uracil, indicating de novo transcription immediately after the removal of the stress factor, which resulted in significant changes of the M. tuberculosis transcriptional profile already after the first 24 h of resuscitation. This early response included transcriptional upregulation of genes encoding enzymes of fatty acid synthase system type I (FASI) and type II (FASII) responsible for fatty acid/mycolic acid biosynthesis, and regulatory genes, including whiB6 encoding a redox-sensing transcription factor. The second resuscitation phase took place 4 days after the resuscitation onset, i.e., still before the start of active cell division, and included activation of central metabolism genes encoding NADH dehydrogenases, ATP-synthases, and ribosomal proteins. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the resuscitation of dormant NC M. tuberculosis is characterized by immediate activation of de novo transcription followed by the upregulation of genes controlling key metabolic pathways and then, cell multiplication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S Grigorov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana S Bychenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia V Skvortsova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilgar Z Mamedov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana L Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyants
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Del Portillo P, García-Morales L, Menéndez MC, Anzola JM, Rodríguez JG, Helguera-Repetto AC, Ares MA, Prados-Rosales R, Gonzalez-y-Merchand JA, García MJ. Hypoxia Is Not a Main Stress When Mycobacterium tuberculosis Is in a Dormancy-Like Long-Chain Fatty Acid Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 8:449. [PMID: 30687646 PMCID: PMC6333855 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to sense, respond and adapt to a variable and hostile environment within the host makes it one of the most successful human pathogens. During different stages of infection, Mtb is surrounded by a plethora of lipid molecules and current evidence points out the relevance of fatty acids during the infectious process. In this study, we have compared the transcriptional response of Mtb to hypoxia in cultures supplemented with a mix of even long-chain fatty acids or dextrose as main carbon sources. Using RNA sequencing, we have identified differential expressed genes in early and late hypoxia, defined according to the in vitro Wayne and Hayes model, and compared the results with the exponential phase of growth in both carbon sources. We show that the number of genes over-expressed in the lipid medium was quite low in both, early and late hypoxia, relative to conditions including dextrose, with the exception of transcripts of stable and non-coding RNAs, which were more expressed in the fatty acid medium. We found that sigB and sigE were over-expressed in the early phase of hypoxia, confirming their pivotal role in early adaptation to low oxygen concentration independently of the carbon source. A drastic contrast was found with the transcriptional regulatory factors at early hypoxia. Only 2 transcriptional factors were over-expressed in early hypoxia in the lipid medium compared to 37 that were over-expressed in the dextrose medium. Instead of Rv0081, known to be the central regulator of hypoxia in dextrose, Rv2745c (ClgR), seems to play a main role in hypoxia in the fatty acid medium. The low level of genes associated to the stress-response during their adaptation to hypoxia in fatty acids, suggests that this lipid environment makes hypoxia a less stressful condition for the tubercle bacilli. Taken all together, these results indicate that the presence of lipid molecules shapes the metabolic response of Mtb to an adaptive state for different stresses within the host, including hypoxia. This fact could explain the success of Mtb to establish long-term survival during latent infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Del Portillo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Molecular y Biología Computacional y Bioinformática, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lázaro García-Morales
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Carmen Menéndez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Anzola
- Departamento de Biotecnología Molecular y Biología Computacional y Bioinformática, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Germán Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Molecular y Biología Computacional y Bioinformática, Corporación CorpoGen, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Torre de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research bioGUNE (CICbioGUNE), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jorge A. Gonzalez-y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María Jesús García
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zondervan NA, van Dam JCJ, Schaap PJ, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Suarez-Diez M. Regulation of Three Virulence Strategies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Success Story. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E347. [PMID: 29364195 PMCID: PMC5855569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the deadliest diseases. Emergence of drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains makes treating tuberculosis increasingly challenging. In order to develop novel intervention strategies, detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the success of this pathogen is required. Here, we review recent literature to provide a systems level overview of the molecular and cellular components involved in divalent metal homeostasis and their role in regulating the three main virulence strategies of M. tuberculosis: immune modulation, dormancy and phagosomal rupture. We provide a visual and modular overview of these components and their regulation. Our analysis identified a single regulatory cascade for these three virulence strategies that respond to limited availability of divalent metals in the phagosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels A Zondervan
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jesse C J van Dam
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vitor A P Martins Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Markelstrasse 38, 12163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Maria Suarez-Diez
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|