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Boylan MA, Pincetic A, Romano G, Tatton N, Kenkare-Mitra S, Rosenthal A. Targeting Progranulin as an Immuno-Neurology Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15946. [PMID: 37958929 PMCID: PMC10647331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-neurology is an emerging therapeutic strategy for dementia and neurodegeneration designed to address immune surveillance failure in the brain. Microglia, as central nervous system (CNS)-resident myeloid cells, routinely perform surveillance of the brain and support neuronal function. Loss-of-function (LOF) mutations causing decreased levels of progranulin (PGRN), an immune regulatory protein, lead to dysfunctional microglia and are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal dementia caused by the progranulin gene (GRN) mutation (FTD-GRN), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), limbic-predominant age-related transactivation response deoxyribonucleic acid binding protein 43 (TDP-43) encephalopathy (LATE), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immuno-neurology targets immune checkpoint-like proteins, offering the potential to convert aging and dysfunctional microglia into disease-fighting cells that counteract multiple disease pathologies, clear misfolded proteins and debris, promote myelin and synapse repair, optimize neuronal function, support astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and maintain brain vasculature. Several clinical trials are underway to elevate PGRN levels as one strategy to modulate the function of microglia and counteract neurodegenerative changes associated with various disease states. If successful, these and other immuno-neurology drugs have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders by harnessing the brain's immune system and shifting it from an inflammatory/pathological state to an enhanced physiological/homeostatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Arnon Rosenthal
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, Suite 600, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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2
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Ocañas SR, Pham KD, Cox JEJ, Keck AW, Ko S, Ampadu FA, Porter HL, Ansere VA, Kulpa A, Kellogg CM, Machalinski AH, Thomas MA, Wright Z, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Freeman WM. Microglial senescence contributes to female-biased neuroinflammation in the aging mouse hippocampus: implications for Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:188. [PMID: 37587511 PMCID: PMC10433617 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia, the brain's principal immune cells, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition shown to affect more females than males. Although sex differences in microglial function and transcriptomic programming have been described across development and in disease models of AD, no studies have comprehensively identified the sex divergences that emerge in the aging mouse hippocampus. Further, existing models of AD generally develop pathology (amyloid plaques and tau tangles) early in life and fail to recapitulate the aged brain environment associated with late-onset AD. Here, we examined and compared transcriptomic and translatomic sex effects in young and old murine hippocampal microglia. METHODS Hippocampal tissue from C57BL6/N and microglial NuTRAP mice of both sexes were collected at young (5-6 month-old [mo]) and old (22-25 mo) ages. Cell sorting and affinity purification techniques were used to isolate the microglial transcriptome and translatome for RNA-sequencing and differential expression analyses. Flow cytometry, qPCR, and imaging approaches were used to confirm the transcriptomic and translatomic findings. RESULTS There were marginal sex differences identified in the young hippocampal microglia, with most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) restricted to the sex chromosomes. Both sex chromosomally and autosomally encoded sex differences emerged with aging. These sex DEGs identified at old age were primarily female-biased and enriched in senescent and disease-associated microglial signatures. Normalized gene expression values can be accessed through a searchable web interface ( https://neuroepigenomics.omrf.org/ ). Pathway analyses identified upstream regulators induced to a greater extent in females than in males, including inflammatory mediators IFNG, TNF, and IL1B, as well as AD-risk genes TREM2 and APP. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that female microglia adopt disease-associated and senescent phenotypes in the aging mouse hippocampus, even in the absence of disease pathology, to a greater extent than males. This sexually divergent microglial phenotype may explain the difference in susceptibility and disease progression in the case of AD pathology. Future studies will need to explore sex differences in microglial heterogeneity in response to AD pathology and determine how sex-specific regulators (i.e., sex chromosomal or hormonal) elicit these sex effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin D Pham
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Jillian E J Cox
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alex W Keck
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Sunghwan Ko
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Felix A Ampadu
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hunter L Porter
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Victor A Ansere
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam Kulpa
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adeline H Machalinski
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Manu A Thomas
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Zsabre Wright
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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3
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Konings SC, Nyberg E, Martinsson I, Torres-Garcia L, Klementieva O, Guimas Almeida C, Gouras GK. Apolipoprotein E intersects with amyloid-β within neurons. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201887. [PMID: 37290814 PMCID: PMC10250689 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the most important genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the earliest changes in AD is endosomal enlargement in neurons, which was reported as enhanced in ApoE4 carriers. ApoE is thought to be internalized into endosomes of neurons, whereas β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates within neuronal endosomes early in AD. However, it remains unknown whether ApoE and Aβ intersect intracellularly. We show that internalized astrocytic ApoE localizes mostly to lysosomes in neuroblastoma cells and astrocytes, whereas in neurons, it preferentially localizes to endosomes-autophagosomes of neurites. In AD transgenic neurons, astrocyte-derived ApoE intersects intracellularly with amyloid precursor protein/Aβ. Moreover, ApoE4 increases the levels of endogenous and internalized Aβ42 in neurons. Taken together, we demonstrate differential localization of ApoE in neurons, astrocytes, and neuron-like cells, and show that internalized ApoE intersects with amyloid precursor protein/Aβ in neurons, which may be of considerable relevance to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C Konings
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Nyberg
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oxana Klementieva
- Medical Microspectroscopy, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudia Guimas Almeida
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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4
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Hirose H, Nakata E, Zhang Z, Shibano Y, Maekawa M, Morii T, Futaki S. Macropinoscope: Real-Time Simultaneous Tracking of pH and Cathepsin B Activity in Individual Macropinosomes. Anal Chem 2023. [PMID: 37468434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensor that allows simultaneous analysis of environmental factors in a limited cellular space is useful for understanding precise molecular interactions in live cells and their biological responses. Macropinocytosis is a ubiquitous endocytic pathway for massive uptake of extracellular fluids, resulting in the formation of macropinosomes. Although macropinocytosis may impact intracellular delivery and cancer proliferation, information on the intracellular behaviors of macropinosomes is limited. Here, we aimed to develop a macropinoscope, a sensor that simultaneously detects pH and cathepsin B activity in individual macropinosomes. A macropinosome-specific marker, dextran (70 kDa), was employed as a platform, onto which fluorescein, Oregon Green, and tetramethylrhodamine were loaded for ratiometric pH sensing and imaging. A cathepsin-B-cleavable peptide sequence bearing sulfo-Cy5 and the quencher BHQ-3 was also mounted; cleavage of the sequence was detected as an increase in sulfo-Cy5 fluorescence. A steep decrease in pH was observed 5-10 min after macropinosome formation, which was accompanied by an immediate increase in cathepsin B activity. Our design concept will lead to the development of other macropinoscopes for the simultaneous detection of other parameters in individual macropinosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Hirose
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Zhengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yuya Shibano
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takashi Morii
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shiroh Futaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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5
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Stogsdill JA, Harwell CC, Goldman SA. Astrocytes as master modulators of neural networks: Synaptic functions and disease-associated dysfunction of astrocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1525:41-60. [PMID: 37219367 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system and are essential to the development, plasticity, and maintenance of neural circuits. Astrocytes are heterogeneous, with their diversity rooted in developmental programs modulated by the local brain environment. Astrocytes play integral roles in regulating and coordinating neural activity extending far beyond their metabolic support of neurons and other brain cell phenotypes. Both gray and white matter astrocytes occupy critical functional niches capable of modulating brain physiology on time scales slower than synaptic activity but faster than those adaptive responses requiring a structural change or adaptive myelination. Given their many associations and functional roles, it is not surprising that astrocytic dysfunction has been causally implicated in a broad set of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries concerning the contributions of astrocytes to the function of neural networks, with a dual focus on the contribution of astrocytes to synaptic development and maturation, and on their role in supporting myelin integrity, and hence conduction and its regulation. We then address the emerging roles of astrocytic dysfunction in disease pathogenesis and on potential strategies for targeting these cells for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey C Harwell
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Behl T, Kaur D, Sehgal A, Singh S, Makeen HA, Albratty M, Abdellatif AAH, Dachani SR, Bungau S. Exploring the potential role of rab5 protein in endo-lysosomal impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112773. [PMID: 35245734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that neuronal dysfunction in the endo-lysosomal and autophagic processes contributes to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since they are the primary cellular systems involved in the production and clearance of aggregated amyloid plaques, endo-lysosomal or autophagic equilibrium must be maintained throughout life. As a result, variations in the autophagic and endo-lysosomal torrent, as a measure of degenerative function in these sections or pathways, may have a direct impact on disease-related processes, such as Aß clearance from the brain and interneuronal deposition of Aß and tau aggregates, thus disrupting synaptic plasticity. The discovery of several chromosomal factors for Alzheimer's disease that are clinically linked to regulation of the endocytic pathway, including protein aggregation and removal, supports the theory that the endo-lysosomal/autophagic torrent is more susceptible to impairment, especially as people age, thus catalysing the onset of disease. Although the role of endo-lysosomal/autophagic dysfunction in neurodegeneration has progressed in recent years, the field remains underdeveloped. Because of its possible therapeutic implications in Alzheimer's disease, further study is needed to explain the possibilities for effective autophagy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India.
| | - Dapinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Hafiz A Makeen
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy, Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box-114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Sudharshan Reddy Dachani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Al-Dawadmi 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
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7
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Vermehren-Schmaedick A, Olah MJ, Ramunno-Johnson D, Lidke KA, Cohen MS, Vu TQ. Molecular-Scale Dynamics of Long Range Retrograde Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Transport Shaped by Cellular Spatial Context. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:835815. [PMID: 35431786 PMCID: PMC9008462 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.835815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde neurotrophin (NT) transport is a specialized form of signal transduction used to conduct information from axons to the cell bodies of central and peripheral nervous system neurons. It is activated upon NT-Trk receptor binding, NT-Trk internalization into signaling endosomes, and their motion along the axon toward the cell body. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an abundant NT that modulates key brain and spinal cord functions, and defects in BDNF trafficking are associated with neuronal death, neurodegenerative diseases and in nerve injury. Decades of study have yielded impressive progress in elucidating NT retrograde transport; however, much information remains unclear. For example, while it is known that NT function is dependent on tight control of NT-receptor intracellular trafficking, data describing the precise spatiotemporal molecular dynamics of their axonal to somatic transport are lacking. In past work, we showed the use of discrete, photo-bleaching-resistant quantum dot (QD)-BNDF probes to activate and track BDNF-TrkB receptor internalization; this revealed a rich diversity of molecular motions that intracellular BDNF signaling endosomes undergo within the soma of nodose ganglia sensory neurons. Here, we used combined techniques of discrete QD-BDNF tracking with compartmented microfluidic chambers to characterize retrograde BDNF-TrkB transport over long-ranging distances of primary dorsal root ganglion sensory neuronal axons. Our new findings show that axonal retrograde motion is comprised of heterogeneous mixtures of diffusive behaviors, pauses, and variations in net molecular-motor-dependent transport speeds. Notably, specific molecular dynamic features such as NT speed were dependent on spatial context that could be categorized in distance from distal axons and proximity to the soma and were not entirely dictated by active motor transport speed. The important implication is recognition that NT-receptor retrograde transport is comprised of molecular dynamics, which change over the course of long-range trafficking to shape overall transport and possibly signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Vermehren-Schmaedick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mark J. Olah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Damien Ramunno-Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Keith A. Lidke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael S. Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Tania Q. Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Tania Q. Vu,
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Pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases: An interplay among axonal transport failure, oxidative stress, and inflammation? Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101628. [PMID: 35779975 PMCID: PMC9807734 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are heterogeneous neurological disorders characterized by a progressive loss of selected neuronal populations. A significant risk factor for most NDs is aging. Considering the constant increase in life expectancy, NDs represent a global public health burden. Axonal transport (AT) is a central cellular process underlying the generation and maintenance of neuronal architecture and connectivity. Deficits in AT appear to be a common thread for most, if not all, NDs. Neuroinflammation has been notoriously difficult to define in relation to NDs. Inflammation is a complex multifactorial process in the CNS, which varies depending on the disease stage. Several lines of evidence suggest that AT defect, axonopathy and neuroinflammation are tightly interlaced. However, whether these impairments play a causative role in NDs or are merely a downstream effect of neuronal degeneration remains unsettled. We still lack reliable information on the temporal relationship between these pathogenic mechanisms, although several findings suggest that they may occur early during ND pathophysiology. This article will review the latest evidence emerging on whether the interplay between AT perturbations and some aspects of CNS inflammation can participate in ND etiology, analyze their potential as therapeutic targets, and the urge to identify early surrogate biomarkers.
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9
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Wen MH, Xie X, Huang PS, Yang K, Chen TY. Crossroads between membrane trafficking machinery and copper homeostasis in the nerve system. Open Biol 2021; 11:210128. [PMID: 34847776 PMCID: PMC8633785 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced copper homeostasis and perturbation of membrane trafficking are two common symptoms that have been associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Accumulating evidence from biophysical, cellular and in vivo studies suggest that membrane trafficking orchestrates both copper homeostasis and neural functions-however, a systematic review of how copper homeostasis and membrane trafficking interplays in neurons remains lacking. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the general trafficking itineraries for copper transporters and highlight several critical membrane trafficking regulators in maintaining copper homeostasis. We discuss how membrane trafficking regulators may alter copper transporter distribution in different membrane compartments to regulate intracellular copper homeostasis. Using Parkinson's disease and MEDNIK as examples, we further elaborate how misregulated trafficking regulators may interplay parallelly or synergistically with copper dyshomeostasis in devastating pathogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we explore multiple unsolved questions and highlight the existing challenges to understand how copper homeostasis is modulated through membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Wen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xihong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Pei-San Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Karen Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tai-Yen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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10
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Jurášek M, Valečka J, Novotný I, Kejík Z, Fähnrich J, Marešová A, Tauchen J, Bartůněk P, Dolenský B, Jakubek M, Drašar PB, Králová J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cationic TopFluor cholesterol analogues. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105410. [PMID: 34700109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is not only a major component of the cell membrane, but also plays an important role in a wide range of biological processes and pathologies. It is therefore crucial to develop appropriate tools for visualizing intracellular cholesterol transport. Here, we describe new cationic analogues of BODIPY-Cholesterol (TopFluor-Cholesterol, TF-Chol), which combine a positive charge on the sterol side chain and a BODIPY group connected via a C-4 linker. In contrast to TF-Chol, the new analogues TF-1 and TF-3 possessing acetyl groups on the A ring (C-3 position on steroid) internalized much faster and displayed slightly different levels of intracellular localization. Their applicability for cholesterol monitoring was indicated by the fact that they strongly label compartments with accumulated cholesterol in cells carrying a mutation of the Niemann-Pick disease-associated cholesterol transporter, NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Jurášek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Valečka
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Novotný
- Light microscopy core facility, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fähnrich
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Marešová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tauchen
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Bartůněk
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Dolenský
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel B Drašar
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Králová
- CZ-OPENSCREEN, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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11
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Lai SSM, Ng KY, Koh RY, Chok KC, Chye SM. Endosomal-lysosomal dysfunctions in Alzheimer's disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1087-1100. [PMID: 33881723 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endosomal-lysosomal system mediates the process of protein degradation through endocytic pathway. This system consists of early endosomes, late endosomes, recycling endosomes and lysosomes. Each component in the endosomal-lysosomal system plays individual crucial role and they work concordantly to ensure protein degradation can be carried out functionally. Dysregulation in the endosomal-lysosomal system can contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD endosomal-lysosomal abnormalities are the earliest pathological features to note and hence it is important to understand the involvement of endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction in the pathogenesis of AD. In-depth understanding of this dysfunction can allow development of new therapeutic intervention to prevent and treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Shi Min Lai
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khuen Yen Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rhun Yian Koh
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kian Chung Chok
- School of Health Science, International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soi Moi Chye
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Science, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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12
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Burrinha T, Martinsson I, Gomes R, Terrasso AP, Gouras GK, Almeida CG. Up-regulation of APP endocytosis by neuronal aging drives amyloid dependent-synapse loss. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:240244. [PMID: 33910234 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.255752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal aging increases the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. During normal aging, synapses decline, and β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates intraneuronally. However, little is known about the underlying cell biological mechanisms. We studied normal neuronal aging using normal aged brain and aged mouse primary neurons that accumulate lysosomal lipofuscin and show synapse loss. We identify the up-regulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) endocytosis as a neuronal aging mechanism that potentiates APP processing and Aβ production in vitro and in vivo. The increased APP endocytosis may contribute to the observed early endosomes enlargement in the aged brain. Mechanistically, we show that clathrin-dependent APP endocytosis requires F-actin and that clathrin and endocytic F-actin increase with neuronal aging. Finally, Aβ production inhibition reverts synaptic decline in aged neurons while Aβ accumulation, promoted by endocytosis up-regulation in younger neurons, recapitulates aging-related synapse decline. Overall, we identify APP endocytosis up-regulation as a potential mechanism of neuronal aging and, thus, a novel target to prevent late-onset Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Burrinha
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal
| | - Isak Martinsson
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Gomes
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal.,iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Terrasso
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal.,iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Gunnar K Gouras
- Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cláudia Guimas Almeida
- iNOVA4Health, CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa,Portugal
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13
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Simon-Vecsei Z, Sőth Á, Lőrincz P, Rubics A, Tálas A, Kulcsár PI, Juhász G. Identification of New Interactions between Endolysosomal Tethering Factors. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166965. [PMID: 33781757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Proper functioning of the precisely controlled endolysosomal system is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the entire cell. Tethering factors play pivotal roles in mediating the fusion of different transport vesicles, such as endosomes or autophagosomes with each other or with lysosomes. In this work, we uncover several new interactions between the endolysosomal tethering factors Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn) and the HOPS and CORVET complexes. We find that Rbsn binds to the HOPS/CORVET complexes mainly via their shared subunit Vps18 and we mapped this interaction to the 773-854 region of Vps18. Based on genetic rescue experiments, the binding between Rbsn and Vps18 is required for endosomal transport and is dispensable for autophagy. Moreover, Vps18 seems to be important for β1 integrin recycling by binding to Rbsn and its known partner Vps45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Simon-Vecsei
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ármin Sőth
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Rubics
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Tálas
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter István Kulcsár
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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14
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Wang J, Fourriere L, Gleeson PA. Local Secretory Trafficking Pathways in Neurons and the Role of Dendritic Golgi Outposts in Different Cell Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:597391. [PMID: 33324160 PMCID: PMC7726432 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.597391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental characteristic of neurons is the relationship between the architecture of the polarized neuron and synaptic transmission between neurons. Intracellular membrane trafficking is paramount to establish and maintain neuronal structure; perturbation in trafficking results in defects in neurodevelopment and neurological disorders. Given the physical distance from the cell body to the distal sites of the axon and dendrites, transport of newly synthesized membrane proteins from the central cell body to their functional destination at remote, distal sites represents a conundrum. With the identification of secretory organelles in dendrites, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi outposts (GOs), recent studies have proposed local protein synthesis and trafficking distinct from the conventional anterograde transport pathways of the cell body. A variety of different model organisms, including Drosophila, zebrafish, and rodents, have been used to probe the organization and function of the local neuronal secretory network. Here, we review the evidence for local secretory trafficking pathways in dendrites in a variety of cell-based neuronal systems and discuss both the similarities and differences in the organization and role of the local secretory organelles, especially the GOs. In addition, we identify the gaps in the current knowledge and the potential advances using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in defining local membrane protein trafficking in human neurons and in understanding the molecular basis of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lou Fourriere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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15
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Yang Z, Mattingly BC, Hall DH, Ackley BD, Buechner M. Terminal web and vesicle trafficking proteins mediate nematode single-cell tubulogenesis. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e202003152. [PMID: 32860501 PMCID: PMC7594493 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202003152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-celled tubules represent a complicated structure that forms during development, requiring extension of a narrow cytoplasm surrounding a lumen exerting osmotic pressure that can burst the luminal membrane. Genetic studies on the excretory canal cell of Caenorhabditis elegans have revealed many proteins that regulate the cytoskeleton, vesicular transport, and physiology of the narrow canals. Here, we show that βH-spectrin regulates the placement of intermediate filament proteins forming a terminal web around the lumen, and that the terminal web in turn retains a highly conserved protein (EXC-9/CRIP1) that regulates apical endosomal trafficking. EXC-1/IRG, the binding partner of EXC-9, is also localized to the apical membrane and affects apical actin placement and RAB-8-mediated vesicular transport. The results suggest that an intermediate filament protein acts in a novel pathway to direct the traffic of vesicles to locations of lengthening apical surface during single-celled tubule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | | | - David H. Hall
- Center for C. elegans Anatomy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Brian D. Ackley
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
| | - Matthew Buechner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS
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16
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Li S, Ghosh C, Xing Y, Sun Y. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in the Control of Membrane Trafficking. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2761-2774. [PMID: 33061794 PMCID: PMC7545710 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.49665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are membrane lipids generated by phosphorylation on the inositol head group of phosphatidylinositol. By specifically distributed to distinct subcellular membrane locations, different phosphoinositide species play diverse roles in modulating membrane trafficking. Among the seven known phosphoinositide species, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) is the one species most abundant at the plasma membrane. Thus, the PI4,5P2 function in membrane trafficking is first identified in controlling plasma membrane dynamic-related events including endocytosis and exocytosis. However, recent studies indicate that PI4,5P2 is also critical in many other membrane trafficking events such as endosomal trafficking, hydrolases sorting to lysosomes, autophagy initiation, and autophagic lysosome reformation. These findings suggest that the role of PI4,5P2 in membrane trafficking is far beyond just plasma membrane. This review will provide a concise synopsis of how PI4,5P2 functions in multiple membrane trafficking events. PI4,5P2, the enzymes responsible for PI4,5P2 production at specific subcellular locations, and distinct PI4,5P2 effector proteins compose a regulation network to control the specific membrane trafficking events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhua Li
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Chinmoy Ghosh
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yanli Xing
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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17
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Narayan P, Sienski G, Bonner JM, Lin YT, Seo J, Baru V, Haque A, Milo B, Akay LA, Graziosi A, Freyzon Y, Landgraf D, Hesse WR, Valastyan J, Barrasa MI, Tsai LH, Lindquist S. PICALM Rescues Endocytic Defects Caused by the Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor APOE4. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108224. [PMID: 33027662 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE4) is a genetic risk factor for many diseases, including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigate the cellular consequences of APOE4 in human iPSC-derived astrocytes, observing an endocytic defect in APOE4 astrocytes compared with their isogenic APOE3 counterparts. Given the evolutionarily conserved nature of endocytosis, we built a yeast model to identify genetic modifiers of the endocytic defect associated with APOE4. In yeast, only the expression of APOE4 results in dose-dependent defects in both endocytosis and growth. We discover that increasing expression of the early endocytic adaptor protein Yap1802p, a homolog of the human AD risk factor PICALM, rescues the APOE4-induced endocytic defect. In iPSC-derived human astrocytes, increasing expression of PICALM similarly reverses endocytic disruptions. Our work identifies a functional interaction between two AD genetic risk factors-APOE4 and PICALM-centered on the conserved biological process of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Narayan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Genetics and Biochemistry Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Grzegorz Sienski
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julia M Bonner
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuan-Ta Lin
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valeriya Baru
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aftabul Haque
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Blerta Milo
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leyla A Akay
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Agnese Graziosi
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yelena Freyzon
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dirk Landgraf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William R Hesse
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Julie Valastyan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Susan Lindquist
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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18
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Tosolini AP, Sleigh JN. Intramuscular Delivery of Gene Therapy for Targeting the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32765219 PMCID: PMC7379875 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. This is particularly enticing for neuronal conditions, as the nervous system is renowned for its intransigence to therapeutic targeting. Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses—adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus—and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Petkovic M, Oses-Prieto J, Burlingame A, Jan LY, Jan YN. TMEM16K is an interorganelle regulator of endosomal sorting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3298. [PMID: 32620747 PMCID: PMC7335067 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between organelles is essential for their cellular homeostasis. Neurodegeneration reflects the declining ability of neurons to maintain cellular homeostasis over a lifetime, where the endolysosomal pathway plays a prominent role by regulating protein and lipid sorting and degradation. Here we report that TMEM16K, an endoplasmic reticulum lipid scramblase causative for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCAR10), is an interorganelle regulator of the endolysosomal pathway. We identify endosomal transport as a major functional cluster of TMEM16K in proximity biotinylation proteomics analyses. TMEM16K forms contact sites with endosomes, reconstituting split-GFP with the small GTPase RAB7. Our study further implicates TMEM16K lipid scrambling activity in endosomal sorting at these sites. Loss of TMEM16K function led to impaired endosomal retrograde transport and neuromuscular function, one of the symptoms of SCAR10. Thus, TMEM16K-containing ER-endosome contact sites represent clinically relevant platforms for regulating endosomal sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petkovic
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Juan Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alma Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Sparvoli D, Zoltner M, Cheng CY, Field MC, Turkewitz AP. Diversification of CORVET tethers facilitates transport complexity in Tetrahymena thermophila. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238659. [PMID: 31964712 PMCID: PMC7033735 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In endolysosomal networks, two hetero-hexameric tethers called HOPS and CORVET are found widely throughout eukaryotes. The unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila possesses elaborate endolysosomal structures, but curiously both it and related protozoa lack the HOPS tether and several other trafficking proteins, while retaining the related CORVET complex. Here, we show that Tetrahymena encodes multiple paralogs of most CORVET subunits, which assemble into six distinct complexes. Each complex has a unique subunit composition and, significantly, shows unique localization, indicating participation in distinct pathways. One pair of complexes differ by a single subunit (Vps8), but have late endosomal versus recycling endosome locations. While Vps8 subunits are thus prime determinants for targeting and functional specificity, determinants exist on all subunits except Vps11. This unprecedented expansion and diversification of CORVET provides a potent example of tether flexibility, and illustrates how 'backfilling' following secondary losses of trafficking genes can provide a mechanism for evolution of new pathways.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Sparvoli
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Martin Zoltner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Chao-Yin Cheng
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mark C Field
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Aaron P Turkewitz
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, 920 E 58th Street, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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21
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Martin PB, Hicks AN, Holbrook SE, Cox GA. Overlapping spectrums: The clinicogenetic commonalities between Charcot-Marie-Tooth and other neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2020; 1727:146532. [PMID: 31678418 PMCID: PMC6939129 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive and heterogeneous inherited peripheral neuropathy. A myriad of genetic factors have been identified that contribute to the degeneration of motor and sensory axons in a length-dependent manner. Emerging biological themes underlying disease include defects in axonal trafficking, dysfunction in RNA metabolism and protein homeostasis, as well deficits in the cellular stress response. Moreover, genetic contributions to CMT can have overlap with other neuropathies, motor neuron diseases (MNDs) and neurodegenerative disorders. Recent progress in understanding the molecular biology of CMT and overlapping syndromes aids in the search for necessary therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Martin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Amy N Hicks
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Sarah E Holbrook
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Gregory A Cox
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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22
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Sun M, Luong G, Plastikwala F, Sun Y. Control of Rab7a activity and localization through endosomal type Igamma PIP 5-kinase is required for endosome maturation and lysosome function. FASEB J 2019; 34:2730-2748. [PMID: 31908013 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901830r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small GTPase Ras-related protein Rab-7a (Rab7a) serves as a key organizer of the endosomal-lysosomal system. However, molecular mechanisms controlling Rab7a activation levels and subcellular translocation are still poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that type Igamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase i5 (PIPKIγi5), an endosome-localized enzyme that produces phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, directly interacts with Rab7a and plays critical roles in the control of the endosomal-lysosomal system. The loss of PIPKIγi5 blocks Rab7a recruitment to early endosomes, which prevents the maturation of early to late endosomes. PIPKIγi5 loss disturbs retromer complex connection with Rab7a, which blocks the retrograde sorting of Cation-independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor from late endosomes. This leads to the decreased sorting of hydrolases to lysosomes and reduces the autophagic degradation. By modulating the retromer-Rab7a connection, PIPKIγi5 is also required for the recruitment of the GTPase-activating protein TBC1 domain family member 5 to late endosomes, which controls the conversion of Rab7a from the active state to the inactive state. Thus, PIPKIγi5 is critical for the modulation of Rab7a activity, localization, and function in the endosomal-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gary Luong
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Faiz Plastikwala
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry and Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Amyloid-β-independent regulators of tau pathology in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2019; 21:21-35. [PMID: 31780819 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of Alzheimer disease (AD) is worsening, and no approved treatment can revert or arrest progression of this disease. AD pathology is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Genetic data, as well as autopsy and neuroimaging studies in patients with AD, indicate that Aβ plaque deposition precedes cortical tau pathology. Because Aβ accumulation has been considered the initial insult that drives both the accumulation of tau pathology and tau-mediated neurodegeneration in AD, the development of AD therapeutics has focused mostly on removing Aβ from the brain. However, striking preclinical evidence from AD mouse models and patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cell models indicates that tau pathology can progress independently of Aβ accumulation and arises downstream of genetic risk factors for AD and aberrant metabolic pathways. This Review outlines novel insights from preclinical research that implicate apolipoprotein E, the endocytic system, cholesterol metabolism and microglial activation as Aβ-independent regulators of tau pathology. These factors are discussed in the context of emerging findings from clinical pathology, functional neuroimaging and other approaches in humans. Finally, we discuss the implications of these new insights for current Aβ-targeted strategies and highlight the emergence of novel therapeutic strategies that target processes upstream of both Aβ and tau.
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24
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Lee CA, Blackstone C. ER morphology and endo-lysosomal crosstalk: Functions and disease implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158544. [PMID: 31678515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous endomembrane system comprising the nuclear envelope, ribosome-studded sheets, dense peripheral matrices, and an extensive polygonal network of interconnected tubules. In addition to performing numerous critical cellular functions, the ER makes extensive contacts with other organelles, including endosomes and lysosomes. The molecular and functional characterization of these contacts has advanced significantly over the past several years. These contacts participate in key functions such as cholesterol transfer, endosome tubule fission, and Ca2+ exchange. Disruption of key proteins at these sites can result in often severe diseases, particularly those affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Lee
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Imler E, Pyon JS, Kindelay S, Torvund M, Zhang YQ, Chandra SS, Zinsmaier KE. A Drosophila model of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis CLN4 reveals a hypermorphic gain of function mechanism. eLife 2019; 8:e46607. [PMID: 31663851 PMCID: PMC6897512 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The autosomal dominant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) CLN4 is caused by mutations in the synaptic vesicle (SV) protein CSPα. We developed animal models of CLN4 by expressing CLN4 mutant human CSPα (hCSPα) in Drosophila neurons. Similar to patients, CLN4 mutations induced excessive oligomerization of hCSPα and premature lethality in a dose-dependent manner. Instead of being localized to SVs, most CLN4 mutant hCSPα accumulated abnormally, and co-localized with ubiquitinated proteins and the prelysosomal markers HRS and LAMP1. Ultrastructural examination revealed frequent abnormal membrane structures in axons and neuronal somata. The lethality, oligomerization and prelysosomal accumulation induced by CLN4 mutations was attenuated by reducing endogenous wild type (WT) dCSP levels and enhanced by increasing WT levels. Furthermore, reducing the gene dosage of Hsc70 also attenuated CLN4 phenotypes. Taken together, we suggest that CLN4 alleles resemble dominant hypermorphic gain of function mutations that drive excessive oligomerization and impair membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Imler
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Jin Sang Pyon
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Selina Kindelay
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Meaghan Torvund
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Yong-quan Zhang
- Department of NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of NeurologyYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Department of NeuroscienceYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
- Department of NeurologyYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Konrad E Zinsmaier
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
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Martini AC, Gomez-Arboledas A, Forner S, Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ, McQuade A, Danhash E, Phan J, Javonillo D, Ha JV, Tram M, Trujillo-Estrada L, da Cunha C, Ager RR, Davila JC, Kitazawa M, Blurton-Jones M, Gutierrez A, Baglietto-Vargas D, Medeiros R, LaFerla FM. Amyloid-beta impairs TOM1-mediated IL-1R1 signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21198-21206. [PMID: 31570577 PMCID: PMC6800331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914088116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-mediated cellular responses contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD). To decipher the mechanism associated with its pathogenesis, we investigated the molecular events associated with the termination of IL-1β inflammatory responses by focusing on the role played by the target of Myb1 (TOM1), a negative regulator of the interleukin-1β receptor-1 (IL-1R1). We first show that TOM1 steady-state levels are reduced in human AD hippocampi and in the brain of an AD mouse model versus respective controls. Experimentally reducing TOM1 affected microglia activity, substantially increased amyloid-beta levels, and impaired cognition, whereas enhancing its levels was therapeutic. These data show that reparation of the TOM1-signaling pathway represents a therapeutic target for brain inflammatory disorders such as AD. A better understanding of the age-related changes in the immune system will allow us to craft therapies to limit detrimental aspects of inflammation, with the broader purpose of sharply reducing the number of people afflicted by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cadete Martini
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Stefania Forner
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez-Ortiz
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Amanda McQuade
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Emma Danhash
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jimmy Phan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Dominic Javonillo
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jordan-Vu Ha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Melanie Tram
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Laura Trujillo-Estrada
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Celia da Cunha
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Rahasson R Ager
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Jose C Davila
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - Masashi Kitazawa
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Antonia Gutierrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - David Baglietto-Vargas
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), University of Málaga, Málaga 29010, Spain
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Rodrigo Medeiros
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697;
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697
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Rocha EM, De Miranda BR, Castro S, Drolet R, Hatcher NG, Yao L, Smith SM, Keeney MT, Di Maio R, Kofler J, Hastings TG, Greenamyre JT. LRRK2 inhibition prevents endolysosomal deficits seen in human Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104626. [PMID: 31618685 PMCID: PMC7345850 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
LRRK2 has been implicated in endolysosomal function and likely plays a central role in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (iPD). In iPD, dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra are characterized by increased LRRK2 kinase activity, endolysosomal deficits, and accumulation of autophagic vesicles with incompletely degraded substrates, including α-synuclein. Although LRRK2 has been implicated in endolysosomal and autophagic function, it remains unclear whether inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity can prevent endolysosomal deficits or reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration. In this study, we characterized the endolysosomal and autophagic defects in surviving dopaminergic neurons of iPD patient brain tissue. We next showed that these defects could be reproduced reliably in vivo using the rotenone model of iPD. Results suggested that there was impaired endosomal maturation, resulting in lysosomal dysfunction and deficits in protein degradation. A highly selective, brain-penetrant LRRK2 kinase inhibitor not only improved apparent endosomal maturation and lysosomal function, but also prevented rotenone-induced neurodegeneration in vivo. The fact that a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor was capable of preventing the neuropathological and endolysosomal abnormalities observed in human iPD suggests that LRRK2 inhibitors may have broad therapeutic utility in iPD, not only in those who carry a LRRK2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Briana R De Miranda
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Castro
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Robert Drolet
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Nathan G Hatcher
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Lihang Yao
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Sean M Smith
- Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, United States of America
| | - Matthew T Keeney
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Roberto Di Maio
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Teresa G Hastings
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - J Timothy Greenamyre
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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Human GNPTAB stuttering mutations engineered into mice cause vocalization deficits and astrocyte pathology in the corpus callosum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17515-17524. [PMID: 31405983 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901480116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Stuttering is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that has been associated with mutations in genes involved in intracellular trafficking. However, the cellular mechanisms leading to stuttering remain unknown. Engineering a mutation in N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase subunits α and β (GNPTAB) found in humans who stutter into the mouse Gnptab gene resulted in deficits in the flow of ultrasonic vocalizations similar to speech deficits of humans who stutter. Here we show that other human stuttering mutations introduced into this mouse gene, Gnptab Ser321Gly and Ala455Ser, produce the same vocalization deficit in 8-day-old pup isolation calls and do not affect other nonvocal behaviors. Immunohistochemistry showed a marked decrease in staining of astrocytes, particularly in the corpus callosum of the Gnptab Ser321Gly homozygote mice compared to wild-type littermates, while the staining of cerebellar Purkinje cells, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and dopaminergic neurons was not significantly different. Diffusion tensor imaging also detected deficits in the corpus callosum of the Gnptab Ser321Gly mice. Using a range of cell type-specific Cre-drivers and a Gnptab conditional knockout line, we found that only astrocyte-specific Gnptab-deficient mice displayed a similar vocalization deficit. These data suggest that vocalization defects in mice carrying human stuttering mutations in Gnptab derive from abnormalities in astrocytes, particularly in the corpus callosum, and provide support for hypotheses that focus on deficits in interhemispheric communication in stuttering.
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Frigerio-Domingues CE, Gkalitsiou Z, Zezinka A, Sainz E, Gutierrez J, Byrd C, Webster R, Drayna D. Genetic factors and therapy outcomes in persistent developmental stuttering. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2019; 80:11-17. [PMID: 31003007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether outcomes of therapy for persistent developmental stuttering differ in individuals who carry a mutation in one of the known genes associated with stuttering compared to individuals without such mutations. METHOD We studied outcomes of an intensive fluency shaping-based therapy program in individuals with persistent developmental stuttering. We evaluated a cohort of 51 stuttering individuals with who carried a mutation in either the GNPTAB, GNPTG, NAGPA, or AP4E1 gene. We compared therapy outcomes in these individuals with outcomes in 51 individuals matched for age, gender, and ethnicity, who stutter and underwent the same therapy program, and did not carry a mutation in any of these genes. Fluency pre- and post-therapy was evaluated using blinded observer-based quantitative stuttering dysfluency measures (Dysfluent Words Score, DWS), and by subjects' self-reported measures of struggle, avoidance and expectancy behavior associated with speaking (Perceptions of Stuttering Inventory, PSI). The difference between pre- and post-therapy fluency scores was taken as the measure of near-term therapy efficacy. RESULTS Comparison of fluency measures showed a strong effect of therapy overall. Mutation carriers achieved significantly less resolution in PSI following therapy, with PSI scores showing significantly less improvement in individuals who carry a mutation (p = 0.0157, RR = 1.75, OR = 2.92) while the group difference in DWS between carriers and non-carriers was statistically not significant in the present study, the trend observed in the results warrants further research focused on this important issue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest stuttering is more resistant to therapy in individuals who carry a mutation in one of the genes known to be associated with stuttering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Frigerio-Domingues
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zoi Gkalitsiou
- Lang Stuttering Institute and Moody College of Communication, 300 W. Dean Keeton (A0900), University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alexandra Zezinka
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eduardo Sainz
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanne Gutierrez
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Courtney Byrd
- Lang Stuttering Institute and Moody College of Communication, 300 W. Dean Keeton (A0900), University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ronald Webster
- Hollins Communications Research Institute, 6851 Enon Drive, Roanoke, VA 24019, USA
| | - Dennis Drayna
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Vagnozzi AN, Praticò D. Endosomal sorting and trafficking, the retromer complex and neurodegeneration. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:857-868. [PMID: 30120416 PMCID: PMC6378136 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The retromer is a highly conserved multimeric protein complex present in all eukaryotic cells whose activity is essential for regulating the recycling and retrieval of numerous protein cargos from the endosome to trans-Golgi network or the cell surface. In recent years, molecular and genomic studies have provided evidence that aberrant regulation of endosomal protein sorting and trafficking secondary to a dysfunction of the retromer complex could be implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, deficiency or mutations in one or more protein components of the retromer leads to increased accumulation of protein aggregates, as well as enhanced cellular neurotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of the retromer complex and its neurobiology, its relevance to key molecules involved in neurodegeneration and the potential role that it plays in the development of two major neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, we will discuss the viability of targeting the retromer via pharmacological chaperones or genetic approaches to enhance or restore its function as a novel and unifying disease-modifying strategy against these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana N. Vagnozzi
- Alzheimer’s Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 191040
| | - Domenico Praticò
- Alzheimer's Center at Temple, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 191040, USA.
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Mojumder S, Sawamura R, Murayama Y, Ogura T, Yamanaka K. Functional characterization of UBXN-6, a C-terminal cofactor of CDC-48, in C. elegans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:462-468. [PMID: 30595383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CDC-48 is a AAA (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) chaperone and participates in a wide range of cellular activities. Its functional diversity is determined by differential binding of a variety of cofactors. In this study, we analyzed the physiological role of a CDC-48 cofactor UBXN-6 in Caenorhabditis elegans. The amount of UBXN-6 was markedly increased upon starvation, but not with the treatment of tunicamycin and rapamycin. The induction upon starvation is a unique characteristic for UBXN-6 among C-terminal cofactors of CDC-48. During starvation, lysosomal activity is triggered for rapid clearance of cellular materials. We observed the lysosomal activity by monitoring GLO-1::GFP, a marker for lysosome-related organelles. We found that more puncta of GLO-1::GFP were observed in the ubxn-6 deletion mutant after 12 h starvation compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, we propose that UBXN-6 is involved in clearance of cellular materials upon starvation in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mojumder
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Rie Sawamura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuki Murayama
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Teru Ogura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools "HIGO Program", Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
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Bandres-Ciga S, Saez-Atienzar S, Bonet-Ponce L, Billingsley K, Vitale D, Blauwendraat C, Gibbs JR, Pihlstrøm L, Gan-Or Z, Cookson MR, Nalls MA, Singleton AB. The endocytic membrane trafficking pathway plays a major role in the risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:460-468. [PMID: 30675927 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD is a complex polygenic disorder. In recent years, several genes from the endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway have been suggested to contribute to disease etiology. However, a systematic analysis of pathway-specific genetic risk factors is yet to be performed. OBJECTIVES To comprehensively study the role of the endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway in the risk of PD. METHODS Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to estimate PD heritability explained by 252 genes involved in the endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway including genome-wide association studies data from 18,869 cases and 22,452 controls. We used pathway-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms to construct a polygenic risk score reflecting the cumulative risk of common variants. To prioritize genes for follow-up functional studies, summary-data based Mendelian randomization analyses were applied to explore possible functional genomic associations with expression or methylation quantitative trait loci. RESULTS The heritability estimate attributed to endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway was 3.58% (standard error = 1.17). Excluding previously nominated PD endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway genes, the missing heritability was 2.21% (standard error = 0.42). Random heritability simulations were estimated to be 1.44% (standard deviation = 0.54), indicating that the unbiased total heritability explained by the endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway was 2.14%. Polygenic risk score based on endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway showed a 1.25 times increase of PD risk per standard deviation of genetic risk. Finally, Mendelian randomization identified 11 endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway genes showing functional consequence associated to PD risk. CONCLUSIONS We provide compelling genetic evidence that the endocytic membrane-trafficking pathway plays a relevant role in disease etiology. Further research on this pathway is warranted given that critical effort should be made to identify potential avenues within this biological process suitable for therapeutic interventions. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberley Billingsley
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dan Vitale
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Mitchell SB, Iwabuchi S, Kawano H, Yuen TMT, Koh JY, Ho KWD, Harata NC. Structure of the Golgi apparatus is not influenced by a GAG deletion mutation in the dystonia-associated gene Tor1a. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206123. [PMID: 30403723 PMCID: PMC6221310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant, early-onset DYT1 dystonia is associated with an in-frame deletion of a glutamic acid codon (ΔE) in the TOR1A gene. The gene product, torsinA, is an evolutionarily conserved AAA+ ATPase. The fact that constitutive secretion from patient fibroblasts is suppressed indicates that the ΔE-torsinA protein influences the cellular secretory machinery. However, which component is affected remains unclear. Prompted by recent reports that abnormal protein trafficking through the Golgi apparatus, the major protein-sorting center of the secretory pathway, is sometimes associated with a morphological change in the Golgi, we evaluated the influence of ΔE-torsinA on this organelle. Specifically, we examined its structure by confocal microscopy, in cultures of striatal, cerebral cortical and hippocampal neurons obtained from wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous ΔE-torsinA knock-in mice. In live neurons, the Golgi was assessed following uptake of a fluorescent ceramide analog, and in fixed neurons it was analyzed by immuno-fluorescence staining for the Golgi-marker GM130. Neither staining method indicated genotype-specific differences in the size, staining intensity, shape or localization of the Golgi. Moreover, no genotype-specific difference was observed as the neurons matured in vitro. These results were supported by a lack of genotype-specific differences in GM130 expression levels, as assessed by Western blotting. The Golgi was also disrupted by treatment with brefeldin A, but no genotype-specific differences were found in the immuno-fluorescence staining intensity of GM130. Overall, our results demonstrate that the ΔE-torsinA protein does not drastically influence Golgi morphology in neurons, irrespective of genotype, brain region (among those tested), or maturation stage in culture. While it remains possible that functional changes in the Golgi exist, our findings imply that any such changes are not severe enough to influence its morphology to a degree detectable by light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sadahiro Iwabuchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tsun Ming Tom Yuen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa College of Engineering, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jin-Young Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - K. W. David Ho
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - N. Charles Harata
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Bai TR, Gao S, Zhou Z, Peng XM, Zhang LS, Dou DL, Zhang ZS, Li LY. Human rhomboid family-1 modulates clathrin coated vesicle-dependent pro-transforming growth factor α membrane trafficking to promote breast cancer progression. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:229-240. [PMID: 30279141 PMCID: PMC6197618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling is critical in epithelial cancer development. Human rhomboid family-1 (RHBDF1) facilitates the secretion of TGFα, an EGFR ligand, in breast cancer; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the role for RHBDF1 in clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV)-dependent pro-TGFα membrane trafficking in breast cancer cells upon stimulation by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. METHODS RHBDF1 was silenced in various breast cancer cells using shRNA. TGFα levels, subcellular localization, and secretion were evaluated using ELISA, immunofluorescent staining, and coimmunoprecipitation. Phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were measured by western blotting. RHBDF1-dependent cell viability and invasion were measured. FINDINGS RHBDF1 mediates GPCR agonist-induced EGFR phosphorylation by promoting TGFα secretion in various types of breast cancer cells. RHBDF1 not only mediates ADAM17-dependent shedding of TGFα, but is essential in membrane trafficking of pro-TGFα. RHBDF1 silencing results in blocking of clathrin uncoating from CCV, a crucial step for the plasma membrane release of pro-TGFα. Interaction of RHBDF1 with auxilin-2, a CCV protein, determines the recruitment of HSC70 to CCV to facilitate clathrin uncoating. RHBDF1 function is required for the proliferation and mobility of breast cancer cells upon stimulation by Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P), a GPCR agonist. We demonstrate a significant correlation between RHBDF1 overexpression and EGFR activation in breast cancer tissues. INTERPRETATION RHBDF1 is an indispensable component of the protein trafficking machinery involved in GPCR-mediated EGFR transactivation, and is an attractive therapeutic target for cancer. FUND: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81,672,740 to ZSZ, 81,272,356 and 81,330,029 to LYL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tai-Ran Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xue-Mei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dao-Lei Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Lu-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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36
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Heterocyclic sterol probes for live monitoring of sterol trafficking and lysosomal storage disorders. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14428. [PMID: 30258093 PMCID: PMC6158244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and trafficking is of great importance because their imbalance leads to many pathologies. Reliable tools for cholesterol detection are in demand. This study presents the design and synthesis of fluorescent probes for cholesterol recognition and demonstrates their selectivity by a variety of methods. The construction of dedicated library of 14 probes was based on heterocyclic (pyridine)-sterol derivatives with various attached fluorophores. The most promising probe, a P1-BODIPY conjugate FP-5, was analysed in detail and showed an intensive labelling of cellular membranes followed by intracellular redistribution into various cholesterol rich organelles and vesicles. FP-5 displayed a stronger signal, with faster kinetics, than the commercial TF-Chol probe. In addition, cells with pharmacologically disrupted cholesterol transport, or with a genetic mutation of cholesterol transporting protein NPC1, exhibited strong and fast FP-5 signal in the endo/lysosomal compartment, co-localizing with filipin staining of cholesterol. Hence, FP-5 has high potential as a new probe for monitoring cholesterol trafficking and its disorders.
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37
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Kristen H, Sastre I, Muñoz-Galdeano T, Recuero M, Aldudo J, Bullido MJ. The lysosome system is severely impaired in a cellular model of neurodegeneration induced by HSV-1 and oxidative stress. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 68:5-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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38
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Moriwaki Y, Ohno Y, Ishii T, Takamura Y, Kita Y, Watabe K, Sango K, Tsuji S, Misawa H. SIMPLE binds specifically to PI4P through SIMPLE-like domain and participates in protein trafficking in the trans-Golgi network and/or recycling endosomes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199829. [PMID: 29953492 PMCID: PMC6023223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Small integral membrane protein of the lysosome/late endosome (SIMPLE) is a 161-amino acid cellular protein that contains a characteristic C-terminal domain known as the SIMPLE-like domain (SLD), which is well conserved among species. Several studies have demonstrated that SIMPLE localizes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), early endosomes, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, aggresomes and the plasma membrane. However, the amino acid regions responsible for its subcellular localization have not yet been identified. The SLD resembles the FYVE domain, which binds phosphatidylinositol (3)-phosphate (PI3P) and determines the subcellular localization of FYVE domain-containing proteins. In the present study, we have found that SIMPLE binds specifically to PI4P through its SLD. SIMPLE co-localized with PI4P and Rab11, a marker for recycling endosomes (REs, organelles enriched in PI4P) in both the IMS32 mouse Schwann cell line and Hela cells. Sucrose density-gradient centrifugation revealed that SIMPLE co-fractionated with syntaxin-6 (a TGN marker) and Rab11. We have also found that SIMPLE knockdown impeded recycling of transferrin and of transferrin receptor. Our overall results indicate that SIMPLE may regulate protein trafficking physiologically by localizing to the TGN and/or REs by binding PI4P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (HM)
| | - Yuho Ohno
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kita
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watabe
- Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Tsuji
- Molecular Diagnostics Project, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (YM); (HM)
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39
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Keeling E, Lotery AJ, Tumbarello DA, Ratnayaka JA. Impaired Cargo Clearance in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Underlies Irreversible Blinding Diseases. Cells 2018; 7:E16. [PMID: 29473871 PMCID: PMC5850104 DOI: 10.3390/cells7020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) is a precursor to pathological changes in the outer retina. The RPE monolayer, which lies beneath the neuroretina, daily internalises and digests large volumes of spent photoreceptor outer segments. Impaired cargo handling and processing in the endocytic/phagosome and autophagy pathways lead to the accumulation of lipofuscin and pyridinium bis-retinoid A2E aggregates and chemically modified compounds such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal within RPE. These contribute to increased proteolytic and oxidative stress, resulting in irreversible damage to post-mitotic RPE cells and development of blinding conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, Stargardt disease and choroideremia. Here, we review how impaired cargo handling in the RPE results in their dysfunction, discuss new findings from our laboratory and consider how newly discovered roles for lysosomes and the autophagy pathway could provide insights into retinopathies. Studies of these dynamic, molecular events have also been spurred on by recent advances in optics and imaging technology. Mechanisms underpinning lysosomal impairment in other degenerative conditions including storage disorders, α-synuclein pathologies and Alzheimer's disease are also discussed. Collectively, these findings help transcend conventional understanding of these intracellular compartments as simple waste disposal bags to bring about a paradigm shift in the way lysosomes are perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Keeling
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
- Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - David A Tumbarello
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural & Environmental Sciences, Life Science Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - J Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
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40
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Jonker CTH, Galmes R, Veenendaal T, Ten Brink C, van der Welle REN, Liv N, de Rooij J, Peden AA, van der Sluijs P, Margadant C, Klumperman J. Vps3 and Vps8 control integrin trafficking from early to recycling endosomes and regulate integrin-dependent functions. Nat Commun 2018; 9:792. [PMID: 29476049 PMCID: PMC5824891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03226-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recycling endosomes maintain plasma membrane homeostasis and are important for cell polarity, migration, and cytokinesis. Yet, the molecular machineries that drive endocytic recycling remain largely unclear. The CORVET complex is a multi-subunit tether required for fusion between early endosomes. Here we show that the CORVET-specific subunits Vps3 and Vps8 also regulate vesicular transport from early to recycling endosomes. Vps3 and Vps8 localise to Rab4-positive recycling vesicles and co-localise with the CHEVI complex on Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. Depletion of Vps3 or Vps8 does not affect transferrin recycling, but delays the delivery of internalised integrins to recycling endosomes and their subsequent return to the plasma membrane. Consequently, Vps3/8 depletion results in defects in integrin-dependent cell adhesion and spreading, focal adhesion formation, and cell migration. These data reveal a role for Vps3 and Vps8 in a specialised recycling pathway important for integrin trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T H Jonker
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - R Galmes
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - T Veenendaal
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Ten Brink
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R E N van der Welle
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J de Rooij
- Section Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht Universty, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A Peden
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - P van der Sluijs
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, 3584, CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Margadant
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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41
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A missense mutation in TRAPPC6A leads to build-up of the protein, in patients with a neurodevelopmental syndrome and dysmorphic features. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2053. [PMID: 29391579 PMCID: PMC5794855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood onset clinical syndromes involving intellectual disability and dysmorphic features, such as polydactyly, suggest common developmental pathways link seemingly unrelated phenotypes. We identified a consanguineous family of Saudi origin with varying complex features including intellectual disability, speech delay, facial dysmorphism and polydactyly. Combining, microarray based comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) to identify regions of homozygosity, with exome sequencing, led to the identification of homozygous mutations in five candidate genes (RSPH6A, ANKK1, AMOTL1, ALKBH8, TRAPPC6A), all of which appear to be pathogenic as predicted by Proven, SIFT and PolyPhen2 and segregate perfectly with the disease phenotype. We therefore looked for differences in expression levels of each protein in HEK293 cells, expressing either the wild-type or mutant full-length cDNA construct. Unexpectedly, wild-type TRAPPC6A appeared to be unstable, but addition of the proteasome inhibitor MG132 stabilised its expression. Mutations have previously been reported in several members of the TRAPP complex of proteins, including TRAPPC2, TRAPPC9 and TRAPPC11, resulting in disorders involving skeletal abnormalities, intellectual disability, speech impairment and developmental delay. TRAPPC6A joins a growing list of proteins belonging to the TRAPP complex, implicated in clinical syndromes with neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
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42
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Arenas RM, Shoemaker JM, Phillips J. High prevalence of pineal cysts in adults who stutter. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 177-178:18-22. [PMID: 29421268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Arenas
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | | | - John Phillips
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, United States
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43
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Luarte A, Cornejo VH, Bertin F, Gallardo J, Couve A. The axonal endoplasmic reticulum: One organelle-many functions in development, maintenance, and plasticity. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 78:181-208. [PMID: 29134778 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is highly conserved in eukaryotes and neurons. Indeed, the localization of the organelle in axons has been known for nearly half a century. However, the relevance of the axonal ER is only beginning to emerge. In this review, we discuss the structure of the ER in axons, examining the role of ER-shaping proteins and highlighting reticulons. We analyze the multiple functions of the ER and their potential contribution to axonal physiology. First, we examine the emerging roles of the axonal ER in lipid synthesis, protein translation, processing, quality control, and secretory trafficking of transmembrane proteins. We also review the impact of the ER on calcium dynamics, focusing on intracellular mechanisms and functions. We describe the interactions between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles. Finally, we analyze available proteomic data of axonal preparations to reveal the dynamic functionality of the ER in axons during development. We suggest that the dynamic proteome and a validated axonal interactome, together with state-of-the-art methodologies, may provide interesting research avenues in axon physiology that may extend to pathology and regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 181-208, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luarte
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Hugo Cornejo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Bertin
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Gallardo
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Couve
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Nassif M, Woehlbier U, Manque PA. The Enigmatic Role of C9ORF72 in Autophagy. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:442. [PMID: 28824365 PMCID: PMC5541066 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons resulting in a progressive and irreversible muscular paralysis. Advances in large-scale genetics and genomics have revealed intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the gene encoding C9ORF72 as a main genetic cause of ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the second most common cause of early-onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Novel insights regarding the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of C9ORF72 seem to suggest a synergy of loss and gain of toxic function during disease. C9ORF72, thus far, has been found to be involved in homeostatic cellular pathways, such as actin dynamics, regulation of membrane trafficking, and macroautophagy. All these pathways have been found compromised in the pathogenesis of ALS. In this review, we aim to summarize recent findings on the function of C9ORF72, particularly in the macroautophagy pathway, hinting at a requirement to maintain the fine balance of macroautophagy to prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nassif
- Faculty of Science, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Faculty of Science, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile
| | - Ute Woehlbier
- Faculty of Science, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Faculty of Science, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile
| | - Patricio A Manque
- Faculty of Science, Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile.,Faculty of Science, Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Universidad MayorSantiago, Chile
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45
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Reversal of Pathologic Lipid Accumulation in NPC1-Deficient Neurons by Drug-Promoted Release of LAMP1-Coated Lamellar Inclusions. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8012-25. [PMID: 27466344 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0900-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aging and pathologic conditions cause intracellular aggregation of macromolecules and the dysfunction and degeneration of neurons, but the mechanisms are largely unknown. Prime examples are lysosomal storage disorders such as Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease, where defects in the endosomal-lysosomal protein NPC1 or NPC2 cause intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids leading to neurodegeneration and fatal neurovisceral symptoms. Here, we investigated the impact of NPC1 deficiency on rodent neurons using pharmacologic and genetic models of the disease. Improved ultrastructural detection of lipids and correlative light and electron microscopy identified lamellar inclusions as the subcellular site of cholesterol accumulation in neurons with impaired NPC1 activity. Immunogold labeling combined with transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of CD63 on internal lamellae and of LAMP1 on the membrane surrounding the inclusions, indicating their origins from intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes and of a lysosomal compartment, respectively. Lamellar inclusions contained cell-intrinsic cholesterol and surface-labeled GM1, indicating the incorporation of plasma membrane components. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the therapeutic drug candidate β-cyclodextrin induces the subplasmalemmal location of lamellar inclusions and their subsequent release to the extracellular space. In parallel, β-cyclodextrin mediated the NPC1-independent redistribution of cholesterol within neurons and thereby abolished a deleterious cycle of enhanced cholesterol synthesis and its intracellular accumulation, which was indicated by neuron-specific transcript analysis. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into the pathologic aggregation of macromolecules in neurons and suggests exocytosis as cellular target for its therapeutic reversal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many neurodegenerative diseases involve pathologic accumulation of molecules within neurons, but the subcellular location and the cellular impact are often unknown and therapeutic approaches lacking. We investigated these questions in the lysosomal storage disorder Niemann-Pick type C (NPC), where a defect in intracellular cholesterol transport causes loss of neurons and fatal neurovisceral symptoms. Here, we identify lamellar inclusions as the subcellular site of lipid accumulation in neurons, we uncover a vicious cycle of cholesterol synthesis and accretion, which may cause gradual neurodegeneration, and we reveal how β-cyclodextrin, a potential therapeutic drug, reverts these changes. Our study provides new mechanistic insight in NPC disease and uncovers new targets for therapeutic approaches.
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46
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Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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47
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Methods for monitoring Ca 2+ and ion channels in the lysosome. Cell Calcium 2017; 64:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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48
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Yang DS, Stavrides P, Kumar A, Jiang Y, Mohan PS, Ohno M, Dobrenis K, Davidson CD, Saito M, Pawlik M, Huo C, Walkley SU, Nixon RA. Cyclodextrin has conflicting actions on autophagy flux in vivo in brains of normal and Alzheimer model mice. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:843-859. [PMID: 28062666 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CYCLO), a modifier of cholesterol efflux from cellular membrane and endo-lysosomal compartments, reduces lysosomal lipid accumulations and has therapeutic effects in animal models of Niemann-Pick disease type C and several other neurodegenerative states. Here, we investigated CYCLO effects on autophagy in wild-type mice and TgCRND8 mice-an Alzheimer's Disease (AD) model exhibiting β-amyloidosis, neuronal autophagy deficits leading to protein and lipid accumulation within greatly enlarged autolysosomes. A 14-day intracerebroventricular administration of CYCLO to 8-month-old TgCRND8 mice that exhibit moderately advanced neuropathology markedly diminished the sizes of enlarged autolysosomes and lowered their content of GM2 ganglioside and Aβ-immunoreactivity without detectably altering amyloid precursor protein processing or extracellular Aβ/β-amyloid burden. We identified two major actions of CYCLO on autophagy underlying amelioration of lysosomal pathology. First, CYCLO stimulated lysosomal proteolytic activity by increasing cathepsin D activity, levels of cathepsins B and D and two proteins known to interact with cathepsin D, NPC1 and ABCA1. Second, CYCLO impeded autophagosome-lysosome fusion as evidenced by the accumulation of LC3, SQSTM1/p62, and ubiquitinated substrates in an expanded population of autophagosomes in the absence of greater autophagy induction. By slowing substrate delivery to lysosomes, autophagosome maturational delay, as further confirmed by our in vitro studies, may relieve lysosomal stress due to accumulated substrates. These findings provide in vivo evidence for lysosomal enhancing properties of CYCLO, but caution that prolonged interference with cellular membrane fusion/autophagosome maturation could have unfavorable consequences, which might require careful optimization of dosage and dosing schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Sheng Yang
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Asok Kumar
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panaiyur S Mohan
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masuo Ohno
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Cristin D Davidson
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mitsuo Saito
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Steven U Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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49
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Neefjes J, Jongsma MML, Berlin I. Stop or Go? Endosome Positioning in the Establishment of Compartment Architecture, Dynamics, and Function. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:580-594. [PMID: 28363667 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal system constitutes a key negotiator between the environment of a cell and its internal affairs. Comprised of a complex membranous network, wherein each vesicle can in principle move autonomously throughout the cell, the endosomal system operates as a coherent unit to optimally face external challenges and maintain homeostasis. Our appreciation of how individual endosomes are controlled in time and space to best serve their collective purpose has evolved dramatically in recent years. In light of these efforts, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) - with its expanse of membranes permeating the cytoplasmic space - has emerged as a potent spatiotemporal organizer of endosome biology. We review the latest advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning endosomal transport and positioning, with emphasis on the contributions from the ER, and offer a perspective on how the interplay between these aspects shapes the architecture and dynamics of the endosomal system and drives its myriad cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Neefjes
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marlieke M L Jongsma
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center (AMC)/Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilana Berlin
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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50
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Frigerio-Domingues C, Drayna D. Genetic contributions to stuttering: the current evidence. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2017; 5:95-102. [PMID: 28361094 PMCID: PMC5370225 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for genetic factors in persistent developmental stuttering has accumulated over the past four decades, and the genes that underlie this disorder are starting to be identified. The genes identified to date, all point to deficits in intracellular trafficking in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Frigerio-Domingues
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Porter Neuroscience Research Center National Institutes of Health
| | - Dennis Drayna
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Porter Neuroscience Research Center National Institutes of Health
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