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Hao S, Zhu X, Huang Z, Yang Q, Liu H, Wu Y, Zhan Y, Dong Y, Li C, Wang H, Haasdijk E, Wu Z, Li S, Yan H, Zhu L, Guo S, Wang Z, Ye A, Lin Y, Cui L, Tan X, Liu H, Wang M, Chen J, Zhong Y, Du W, Wang G, Lai T, Cao M, Yang T, Xu Y, Li L, Yu Q, Zhuang Z, Xia Y, Lei Y, An Y, Cheng M, Zhao Y, Han L, Yuan Y, Song X, Song Y, Gu L, Liu C, Lin X, Wang R, Wang Z, Wang Y, Li S, Li H, Song J, Chen M, Zhou W, Yuan N, Sun S, Wang S, Chen Y, Zheng M, Fang J, Zhang R, Zhang S, Chai Q, Liu J, Wei W, He J, Zhou H, Sun Y, Liu Z, Liu C, Yao J, Liang Z, Xu X, Poo M, Li C, De Zeeuw CI, Shen Z, Liu Z, Liu L, Liu S, Sun Y, Liu C. Cross-species single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of the cerebellar cortex. Science 2024; 385:eado3927. [PMID: 39325889 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
The molecular and cellular organization of the primate cerebellum remains poorly characterized. We obtained single-cell spatial transcriptomic atlases of macaque, marmoset, and mouse cerebella and identified primate-specific cell subtypes, including Purkinje cells and molecular-layer interneurons, that show different expression of the glutamate ionotropic receptor Delta type subunit 2 (GRID2) gene. Distinct gene expression profiles were found in anterior, posterior, and vestibular regions in all species, whereas region-selective gene expression was predominantly observed in the granular layer of primates and in the Purkinje layer of mice. Gene expression gradients in the cerebellar cortex matched well with functional connectivity gradients revealed with awake functional magnetic resonance imaging, with more lobule-specific differences between primates and mice than between two primate species. These comprehensive atlases and comparative analyses provide the basis for understanding cerebellar evolution and function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaojia Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Hean Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Wu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Elize Haasdijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zihan Wu
- Tencent AI Lab, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haotian Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Zefang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Aojun Ye
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Luman Cui
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Mingli Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing Chen
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yanqing Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wensi Du
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guangling Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tingting Lai
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mengdi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yuanfang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National GeneBank, BGI Research, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ying Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yingjie An
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lei Han
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yumo Song
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Liqin Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Ruiqi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Yang Wang
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Shenyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nini Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Suhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingyuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qinwen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiabing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wu Wei
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | | | - Zhifeng Liang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Chengyu Li
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zhiming Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- Shanxi Medical University-BGI Collaborative Center for Future Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- BGI Research, Hangzhou 310030, China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yidi Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cirong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Howard MW, Esfahani ZG, Le B, Sederberg PB. Learning temporal relationships between symbols with Laplace Neural Manifolds. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2302.10163v4. [PMID: 36866224 PMCID: PMC9980275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Firing across populations of neurons in many regions of the mammalian brain maintains a temporal memory, a neural timeline of the recent past. Behavioral results demonstrate that people can both remember the past and anticipate the future over an analogous internal timeline. This paper presents a mathematical framework for building this timeline of the future. We assume that the input to the system is a time series of symbols--sparse tokenized representations of the present--in continuous time. The goal is to record pairwise temporal relationships between symbols over a wide range of time scales. We assume that the brain has access to a temporal memory in the form of the real Laplace transform. Hebbian associations with a diversity of synaptic time scales are formed between the past timeline and the present symbol. The associative memory stores the convolution between the past and the present. Knowing the temporal relationship between the past and the present allows one to infer relationships between the present and the future. With appropriate normalization, this Hebbian associative matrix can store a Laplace successor representation and a Laplace predecessor representation from which measures of temporal contingency can be evaluated. The diversity of synaptic time constants allows for learning of non-stationary statistics as well as joint statistics between triplets of symbols. This framework synthesizes a number of recent neuroscientific findings including results from dopamine neurons in the mesolimbic forebrain.
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3
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Osvath M, Němec P, Brusatte SL, Witmer LM. Thought for food: the endothermic brain hypothesis. Trends Cogn Sci 2024:S1364-6613(24)00201-8. [PMID: 39242238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of whole-body endothermy occurred independently in dinosaurs and mammals and was associated with some of the most significant neurocognitive shifts in life's history. These included a 20-fold increase in neurons and the evolution of new brain structures, supporting similar functions in both lineages. We propose the endothermic brain hypothesis, which holds that elaborations in endotherm brains were geared towards increasing caloric intake through efficient foraging. The hypothesis is grounded in the intrinsic coupling of cognition and organismic self-maintenance. We argue that coevolution of increased metabolism and new forms of cognition should be jointly investigated in comparative studies of behaviors and brain anatomy, along with studies of fossil species. We suggest avenues for such research and highlight critical open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Osvath
- Department of Philosophy, Division of Cognitive Science, The Cognitive Zoology Group, Lund University, Box 192, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Pavel Němec
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen L Brusatte
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, James Hutton Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK
| | - Lawrence M Witmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Muronaga M, Hirakawa H, Terao T, Izumi T, Satoh M, Kohno K. Association between irritable temperament and glucose metabolism in the left insula and the right cerebellum. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:228-233. [PMID: 39033668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Affective temperaments are assumed to have biological and neural bases. In the present study, we analyzed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images of healthy participants to explore the neural basis of affective temperaments. METHOD We utilized data of affective temperament measured by the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire and 18F-FDG PET images of healthy participants from two of our previous studies. A multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association between 18F-FDG uptake and temperament scores using Statistical Parametric Mapping 12. RESULTS The final sample included 62 healthy participants. Whole-brain analysis revealed a cluster of 18F-FDG uptake that was significantly and positively associated with irritable temperament scores in the right cerebellum (Crus II, VIII, and IX). After further adjustment for the other four temperament scores, whole-brain analysis revealed a cluster of 18F-FDG uptake significantly and positively associated with irritable temperament scores in the left insula and right cerebellum (Crus II, VIII, and IX). However, no significant association was found between 18F-FDG uptake and the other four temperaments (depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, and anxious). CONCLUSIONS The left insula and right cerebellum of the cerebrocerebellar circuit may be one of the neural bases of irritable temperament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Muronaga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirakawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Terao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Moriaki Satoh
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kohno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
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Li L, Chen H, Deng L, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Ou P, Shi L, Dai L, Chen W, Chen H, Wang J, Liu C. Imbalanced optimal feedback motor control system in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16368. [PMID: 38923784 PMCID: PMC11295168 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human motor planning and control depend highly on optimal feedback control systems, such as the neocortex-cerebellum circuit. Here, diffusion tensor imaging was used to verify the disruption of the neocortex-cerebellum circuit in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), and the circuit's disruption correlation with SCA3 motor dysfunction was investigated. METHODS This study included 45 patients with familial SCA3, aged 17-67 years, and 49 age- and sex-matched healthy controls, aged 21-64 years. Tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography was conducted using magnetic resonance images of the patients and controls. The correlation between the local probability of probabilistic tractography traced from the cerebellum and clinical symptoms measured using specified symptom scales was also calculated. RESULTS The cerebellum-originated probabilistic tractography analysis showed that structural connectivity, mainly in the subcortical cerebellar-thalamo-cortical tract, was significantly reduced and the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract was significantly stronger in the SCA3 group than in the control group. The enhanced tract was extended to the right lateral parietal region and the right primary motor cortex. The enhanced neocortex-cerebellum connections were highly associated with disease progression, including duration and symptomatic deterioration. Tractography probabilities from the cerebellar to parietal and sensorimotor areas were significantly negatively correlated with motor abilities in patients with SCA3. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal that disrupting the neocortex-cerebellum loop can cause SCA3-induced motor dysfunctions. The specific interaction between the cerebellar-thalamo-cortical and cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathways in patients with SCA3 and its relationship with ataxia symptoms provides a new direction for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leinian Li
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- School of PsychologyShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Hui Chen
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - LiHua Deng
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - YongHua Huang
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - YuHan Zhang
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - YueYuan Luo
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - PeiLing Ou
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - LinFeng Shi
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - LiMeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical ScienceArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Wei Chen
- MR Research Collaboration TeamSiemens Healthineers Ltd.WuhanChina
| | - HuaFu Chen
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuro Information, High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Jian Wang
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chen Liu
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Translational Medicine Research Center, Department of Radiology, Southwest HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
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Wang C, Wang SY, Ma KY, Wang ZX, Xu FX, Wu ZY, Gu Y, Chen W, Shen Y, Su LD, Zhou L. Three-dimensional Heterogeneity and Intrinsic Plasticity of the Projection from the Cerebellar Interposed Nucleus to the Ventral Tegmental Area. Neurosci Bull 2024:10.1007/s12264-024-01285-0. [PMID: 39162935 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-024-01285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Kuang-Yi Ma
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | | | - Fang-Xiao Xu
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, 310009, China
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
- Center for Brain Health, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, 322000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Li-Da Su
- Neuroscience Care Unit, Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure of Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310016, China.
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7
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Qin L, Zhou Q, Sun Y, Pang X, Chen Z, Zheng J. Dynamic functional connectivity and gene expression correlates in temporal lobe epilepsy: insights from hidden markov models. J Transl Med 2024; 22:763. [PMID: 39143498 PMCID: PMC11323657 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05580-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is associated with abnormal dynamic functional connectivity patterns, but the dynamic changes in brain activity at each time point remain unclear, as does the potential molecular mechanisms associated with the dynamic temporal characteristics of TLE. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was acquired for 84 TLE patients and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The data was then used to conduct HMM analysis on rs-fMRI data from TLE patients and an HC group in order to explore the intricate temporal dynamics of brain activity in TLE patients with cognitive impairment (TLE-CI). Additionally, we aim to examine the gene expression profiles associated with the dynamic modular characteristics in TLE patients using the Allen Human Brain Atlas (AHBA) database. RESULTS Five HMM states were identified in this study. Compared with HCs, TLE and TLE-CI patients exhibited distinct changes in dynamics, including fractional occupancy, lifetimes, mean dwell time and switch rate. Furthermore, transition probability across HMM states were significantly different between TLE and TLE-CI patients (p < 0.05). The temporal reconfiguration of states in TLE and TLE-CI patients was associated with several brain networks (including the high-order default mode network (DMN), subcortical network (SCN), and cerebellum network (CN). Furthermore, a total of 1580 genes were revealed to be significantly associated with dynamic brain states of TLE, mainly enriched in neuronal signaling and synaptic function. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into characterizing dynamic neural activity in TLE. The brain network dynamics defined by HMM analysis may deepen our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of TLE and TLE-CI, indicating a linkage between neural configuration and gene expression in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaomin Pang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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8
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Abstract
The cerebellum has a well-established role in controlling motor functions, including coordination, posture, and the learning of skilled movements. The mechanisms for how it carries out motor behavior remain under intense investigation. Interestingly though, in recent years the mechanisms of cerebellar function have faced additional scrutiny since nonmotor behaviors may also be controlled by the cerebellum. With such complexity arising, there is now a pressing need to better understand how cerebellar structure, function, and behavior intersect to influence behaviors that are dynamically called upon as an animal experiences its environment. Here, we discuss recent experimental work that frames possible neural mechanisms for how the cerebellum shapes disparate behaviors and why its dysfunction is catastrophic in hereditary and acquired conditions-both motor and nonmotor. For these reasons, the cerebellum might be the ideal therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda H Kim
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
| | - Detlef H Heck
- Center for Cerebellar Network Structure and Function in Health and Disease, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Departments of Neuroscience and Pediatrics, Program in Developmental Biology, and Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA;
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Rosada C, Lipka R, Metz S, Otte C, Heekeren H, Wingenfeld K. Effects of stress-related neuromodulators on amygdala and hippocampus resting state functional connectivity. J Psychopharmacol 2024; 38:604-614. [PMID: 38902928 PMCID: PMC11290027 DOI: 10.1177/02698811241260972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human stress response is characterized by increases in neuromodulators, including norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol. Both neuromodulators can enter the brain and affect neurofunctional responses. Two brain areas associated with stress are the amygdala and the hippocampus. The precise influence of NE and cortisol on the amygdala and hippocampal resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) is poorly understood. AIMS To investigate the influence of NE and cortisol on the amygdala and hippocampal RSFC. METHODS We recruited 165 participants who received 10 mg yohimbine and/or 10 mg hydrocortisone in a randomized, placebo-controlled design. With seed-based analyses, we compared RSFC of the hippocampus and amygdala separately between the three groups that received medication versus placebo. RESULTS We found no differences between yohimbine and placebo condition or between hydrocortisone and placebo condition regarding amygdala or hippocampal FC. Compared with placebo, the yohimbine/hydrocortisone condition showed increased amygdala and hippocampal RSFC with the cerebellum. Also, they had increased hippocampal RSFC with the amygdala and cerebral white matter. DISCUSSION The group with elevated NE and cortisol showed significantly increased RSFC between the amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum compared to placebo. These three brain areas are involved in associative learning and emotional memory, suggesting a critical role for this network in the human stress response. Our results show that NE and cortisol together may influence the strength of this association. Compared to placebo, we found no differences in the groups receiving only one medication, suggesting that increasing one neuromodulator alone may not induce differences in neurofunctional responses. The study procedure has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (ID: NCT04359147).
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Rosada
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Renée Lipka
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Metz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Otte
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Katja Wingenfeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Berlin, Germany
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Zhang S, Li P, Feng Q, Shen R, Zhou H, Zhao Z. Using individualized structural covariance networks to analyze the heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107829. [PMID: 38901472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) includes vascular disorders characterized by heterogeneous pathomechanisms and different neuropathological clinical manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction in CSVD is associated with reductions in structural covariance networks (SCNs). A majority of research conducted on SCNs focused on group-level analysis. However, it is crucial to investigate the individualized variations in order to gain a better understanding of heterogeneous disorders such as CSVD. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize individualized differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis to detect individualized structural covariance aberration. METHODS A total of 35 healthy controls and 33 CSVD patients with cognitive impairment participated in this investigation. Using the regional gray matter volume in their T1 images, the IDSCN was constructed for each participant. Finally, the differential structural covariance edges between the two groups were determined by comparing their IDSCN using paired-sample t-tests. On the basis of these differential edges, the two subtypes of cognitively impaired CSVD patients were identified. RESULTS The findings revealed that the differential structural covariance edges in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment showed a highly heterogeneous distribution, with the edges primarily cross-distributed between the occipital lobe (specifically inferior occipital gyrus and cuneus), temporal lobe (specifically superior temporal gyrus), and the cerebellum. To varying degrees, the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus were also distributed. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed between the resulting differential edges and the cognitive scale scores. A significant negative association was observed between the cognitive scores and the differential edges distributed in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and within the temporal lobe. Particularly in the cognitive domain of attention, the two subtypes separated by differential edges exhibited differences in cognitive scale scores [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)]. The differential edges of the subtype 1, characterized by lower cognitive level, were mainly cross-distributed in the limbic lobe (specifically the cingulate gyrus and hippocampus), the parietal lobe (including the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus), and the cerebellum. In contrast, the differential edges of the subtype 2 with a relatively high level of cognition were distributed between the cuneus and the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS The differential structural covariance was investigated between the healthy controls and the CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, showing that differential structural covariance existed between the two groups. The edge distributions in certain parts of the brain, such as cerebellum and occipital and temporal lobes, verified this. Significant associations were seen between cognitive scale scores and some of those differential edges .The two subtypes that differed in both differential edges and cognitive levels were also identified. The differential edges of subtype 1 with relatively lower cognitive levels were more distributed in the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, superior parietal gyrus, and precuneus. This could potentially offer significant benefits in terms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of heterogeneous disorders such as CSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qian Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Rong Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Zhang B, Guo M, Dong T, Yang H, Zhang Q, Yang Q, Zhou X, Mao C, Zhang M. Disrupted Resting-State Functional Connectivity and Effective Connectivity of the Nucleus Accumbens in Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pain Res 2024; 17:2133-2146. [PMID: 38915479 PMCID: PMC11194467 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s455239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a recurring and intractable disease that is often accompanied by emotional and cognitive disorders such as depression and anxiety. The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in mediating emotional and cognitive processes and analgesia. This study investigated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity (EC) of NAc and its subregions in cLBP. Methods Thirty-four cLBP patients and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Seed-based rsFC and Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) were used to examine the alteration of the rsFC and EC of the NAc. Results Our results showed that the cLBP group had increased rsFC of the bilateral NAc-left superior frontal cortex (SFC), orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left angular gyrus, the left NAc-bilateral middle temporal gyrus, as well as decreased rsFC of left NAc-left supramarginal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left cerebellum, brainstem (medulla oblongata), and right insula pathways compared with the HC; the results of the subregions were largely consistent with the whole NAc. In addition, the rsFC of the left NAc-left SFC was negatively correlated with Hamilton's Depression Scale (HAMD) scores (r = -0.402, p = 0.018), and the rsFC of left NAc-OFC was positively correlated with present pain intensity scores (r = 0.406, p = 0.017) in the cLBP group. DCM showed that the cLBP group showed significantly increased EC from the left cerebellum to the right NAc (p = 0.012) as compared with HC. Conclusion Overall, our findings demonstrate aberrant rsFC and EC between NAc and regions that are associated with emotional regulation and cognitive processing in individuals with cLBP, underscoring the pivotal roles of emotion and cognition in cLBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huajuan Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiujuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quanxin Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Mao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, People’s Republic of China
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Pali E, D’Angelo E, Prestori F. Understanding Cerebellar Input Stage through Computational and Plasticity Rules. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:403. [PMID: 38927283 PMCID: PMC11200477 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A central hypothesis concerning brain functioning is that plasticity regulates the signal transfer function by modifying the efficacy of synaptic transmission. In the cerebellum, the granular layer has been shown to control the gain of signals transmitted through the mossy fiber pathway. Until now, the impact of plasticity on incoming activity patterns has been analyzed by combining electrophysiological recordings in acute cerebellar slices and computational modeling, unraveling a broad spectrum of different forms of synaptic plasticity in the granular layer, often accompanied by forms of intrinsic excitability changes. Here, we attempt to provide a brief overview of the most prominent forms of plasticity at the excitatory synapses formed by mossy fibers onto primary neuronal components (granule cells, Golgi cells and unipolar brush cells) in the granular layer. Specifically, we highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms and their functional implications for synaptic and intrinsic plasticity, providing valuable insights into how inputs are processed and reconfigured at the cerebellar input stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pali
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.)
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.)
- Digital Neuroscience Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Prestori
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.P.)
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Taraku B, Loureiro JR, Sahib AK, Zavaliangos‐Petropulu A, Al‐Sharif N, Leaver AM, Wade B, Joshi S, Woods RP, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Modulation of habenular and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity by ketamine in major depression. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3511. [PMID: 38894648 PMCID: PMC11187958 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysfunctional reward processing, which involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Since ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and antianhedonic effects in MDD, this study sought to investigate how serial ketamine infusion (SKI) treatment modulates static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc functional networks. METHODS MDD participants (n = 58, mean age = 40.7 years, female = 28) received four ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg) 2-3 times weekly. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and clinical assessments were collected at baseline and 24 h post-SKI. Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC variability (dFCv) were calculated from left and right Hb and NAc seeds to all other brain regions. Changes in FC pre-to-post SKI, and correlations with changes with mood and anhedonia were examined. Comparisons of FC between patients and healthy controls (HC) at baseline (n = 55, mean age = 32.6, female = 31), and between HC assessed twice (n = 16) were conducted as follow-up analyses. RESULTS Following SKI, significant increases in left Hb-bilateral visual cortex FC, decreases in left Hb-left inferior parietal cortex FC, and decreases in left NAc-right cerebellum FC occurred. Decreased dFCv between left Hb and right precuneus and visual cortex, and decreased dFCv between right NAc and right visual cortex both significantly correlated with improvements in mood ratings. Decreased FC between left Hb and bilateral visual/parietal cortices as well as increased FC between left NAc and right visual/parietal cortices both significantly correlated with improvements in anhedonia. No differences were observed between HC at baseline or over time. CONCLUSION Subanesthetic ketamine modulates functional pathways linking the Hb and NAc with visual, parietal, and cerebellar regions in MDD. Overlapping effects between Hb and NAc functional systems were associated with ketamine's therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Taraku
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joana R. Loureiro
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ashish K. Sahib
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos‐Petropulu
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Noor Al‐Sharif
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Amber M. Leaver
- Department of RadiologyNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and NeuromodulationMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Ahmanson‐Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Navandar M, Vennin C, Lutz B, Gerber S. Long non-coding RNAs expression and regulation across different brain regions in primates. Sci Data 2024; 11:545. [PMID: 38806530 PMCID: PMC11133376 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Human and non-human primates have strikingly similar genomes, but they strongly differ in many brain-based processes (e.g., behaviour and cognition). While the functions of protein-coding genes have been extensively studied, rather little is known about the role of non-coding RNAs such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Here, we predicted lncRNAs and analysed their expression pattern across different brain regions of human and non-human primates (chimpanzee, gorilla, and gibbon). Our analysis identified shared orthologous and non-orthologous lncRNAs, showing striking differences in the genomic features. Differential expression analysis of the shared orthologous lncRNAs from humans and chimpanzees revealed distinct expression patterns in subcortical regions (striatum, hippocampus) and neocortical areas while retaining a homogeneous expression in the cerebellum. Co-expression analysis of lncRNAs and protein-coding genes revealed massive proportions of co-expressed pairs in neocortical regions of humans compared to chimpanzees. Network analysis of co-expressed pairs revealed the distinctive role of the hub-acting orthologous lncRNAs in a region- and species-specific manner. Overall, our study provides novel insight into lncRNA driven gene regulatory landscape, neural regulation, brain evolution, and constitutes a resource for primate's brain lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Navandar
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Constance Vennin
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beat Lutz
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Gerber
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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van der Heijden ME. Converging and Diverging Cerebellar Pathways for Motor and Social Behaviors in Mice. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w. [PMID: 38780757 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has shown that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive functions, including social behaviors. Now that the cerebellum's role in a wider range of behaviors has been confirmed, the question arises whether the cerebellum contributes to social behaviors via the same mechanisms with which it modulates movements. This review seeks to answer whether the cerebellum guides motor and social behaviors through identical pathways. It focuses on studies in which cerebellar cells, synapses, or genes are manipulated in a cell-type specific manner followed by testing of the effects on social and motor behaviors. These studies show that both anatomically restricted and cerebellar cortex-wide manipulations can lead to social impairments without abnormal motor control, and vice versa. These studies suggest that the cerebellum employs different cellular, synaptic, and molecular pathways for social and motor behaviors. Future studies warrant a focus on the diverging mechanisms by which the cerebellum contributes to a wide range of neural functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike E van der Heijden
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Center for Neurobiology Research, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Fleischer P, Abbasi A, Gulati T. Modulation of neural spiking in motor cortex-cerebellar networks during sleep spindles. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0150-23.2024. [PMID: 38641414 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0150-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep spindles appear to play an important role in learning new motor skills. Motor skill learning engages several regions in the brain with two important areas being the motor cortex (M1) and the cerebellum. However, the neurophysiological processes in these areas during sleep, especially how spindle oscillations affect local and cross-region spiking, are not fully understood. We recorded activity from the M1 and cerebellar cortex in 8 rats during spontaneous activity to investigate how sleep spindles in these regions are related to local spiking as well as cross-region spiking. We found that M1 firing was significantly changed during both M1 and cerebellum spindles and this spiking occurred at a preferred phase of the spindle. On average, M1 and cerebellum neurons showed most spiking at the M1 or cerebellum spindle peaks. These neurons also developed a preferential phase-locking to local or cross-area spindles with the greatest phase-locking value at spindle peaks; however, this preferential phase-locking wasn't significant for cerebellar neurons when compared to cerebellum spindles. Additionally, we found the percentage of task-modulated cells in the M1 and cerebellum that fired with non-uniform spike-phase distribution during M1/ cerebellum spindle peaks were greater in the rats that learned a reach-to-grasp motor task robustly. Finally, we found that spindle-band LFP coherence (for M1 and cerebellum LFPs) showed a positive correlation with success rate in the motor task. These findings support the idea that sleep spindles in both the M1 and cerebellum recruit neurons that participate in the awake task to support motor memory consolidation.Significance Statement Neural processing during sleep spindles is linked to memory consolidation. However, little is known about sleep activity in the cerebellum and whether cerebellum spindles can affect spiking activity in local or distant areas. We report the effect of sleep spindles on neuron activity in the M1 and cerebellum-specifically their firing rate and phase-locking to spindle oscillations. Our results indicate that awake practice neuronal activity is tempered during local M1 and cerebellum spindles, and during cross-region spindles, which may support motor skill learning. We describe spiking dynamics in motor networks spindle oscillations that may aid in the learning of skills. Our results support the sleep reactivation hypothesis and suggest that awake M1 activity may be reactivated during cerebellum spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierson Fleischer
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Aamir Abbasi
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Tanuj Gulati
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine; and Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Abbasi A, Rangwani R, Bowen DW, Fealy AW, Danielsen NP, Gulati T. Cortico-cerebellar coordination facilitates neuroprosthetic control. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8246. [PMID: 38608024 PMCID: PMC11014440 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Temporally coordinated neural activity is central to nervous system function and purposeful behavior. Still, there is a paucity of evidence demonstrating how this coordinated activity within cortical and subcortical regions governs behavior. We investigated this between the primary motor (M1) and contralateral cerebellar cortex as rats learned a neuroprosthetic/brain-machine interface (BMI) task. In neuroprosthetic task, actuator movements are causally linked to M1 "direct" neurons that drive the decoder for successful task execution. However, it is unknown how task-related M1 activity interacts with the cerebellum. We observed a notable 3 to 6 hertz coherence that emerged between these regions' local field potentials (LFPs) with learning that also modulated task-related spiking. We identified robust task-related indirect modulation in the cerebellum, which developed a preferential relationship with M1 task-related activity. Inhibiting cerebellar cortical and deep nuclei activity through optogenetics led to performance impairments in M1-driven neuroprosthetic control. Together, these results demonstrate that cerebellar influence is necessary for M1-driven neuroprosthetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Abbasi
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rohit Rangwani
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel W. Bowen
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew W. Fealy
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan P. Danielsen
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanuj Gulati
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Palacios ER, Chadderton P, Friston K, Houghton C. Cerebellar state estimation enables resilient coupling across behavioural domains. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6641. [PMID: 38503802 PMCID: PMC10951354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56811-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar computations are necessary for fine behavioural control and may rely on internal models for estimation of behaviourally relevant states. Here, we propose that the central cerebellar function is to estimate how states interact with each other, and to use these estimates to coordinates extra-cerebellar neuronal dynamics underpinning a range of interconnected behaviours. To support this claim, we describe a cerebellar model for state estimation that includes state interactions, and link this model with the neuronal architecture and dynamics observed empirically. This is formalised using the free energy principle, which provides a dual perspective on a system in terms of both the dynamics of its physical-in this case neuronal-states, and the inferential process they entail. As a demonstration of this proposal, we simulate cerebellar-dependent synchronisation of whisking and respiration, which are known to be tightly coupled in rodents, as well as limb and tail coordination during locomotion. In summary, we propose that the ubiquitous involvement of the cerebellum in behaviour arises from its central role in precisely coupling behavioural domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensor Rafael Palacios
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Paul Chadderton
- University of Bristol, School of Physiology Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Karl Friston
- UCL, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, London, WC1N 3AR, UK
| | - Conor Houghton
- University of Bristol, Department of Computer Science, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK
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19
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Lin CYR, Kuo SH, Opal P. Cognitive, Emotional, and Other Non-motor Symptoms of Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:47-54. [PMID: 38270820 PMCID: PMC10922758 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are autosomal dominant degenerative syndromes that present with ataxia and brain stem abnormalities. This review describes the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of SCAs in the context of recent knowledge of the role of the cerebellum in higher intellectual function. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies suggest that patients with spinocerebellar ataxia can display cognitive deficits even early in the disease. These have been given the term cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). CCAS can be tracked using newly developed rating scales. In addition, patients with spinocerebellar ataxia also display impulsive and compulsive behavior, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. This review stresses the importance of recognizing non-motor symptoms in SCAs. There is a pressing need for novel therapeutic interventions to address these symptoms given their deleterious impact on patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying R Lin
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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20
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Ohmae K, Ohmae S. Emergence of syntax and word prediction in an artificial neural circuit of the cerebellum. Nat Commun 2024; 15:927. [PMID: 38296954 PMCID: PMC10831061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum, interconnected with the cerebral neocortex, plays a vital role in human-characteristic cognition such as language processing, however, knowledge about the underlying circuit computation of the cerebellum remains very limited. To gain a better understanding of the computation underlying cerebellar language processing, we developed a biologically constrained cerebellar artificial neural network (cANN) model, which implements the recently identified cerebello-cerebellar recurrent pathway. We found that while cANN acquires prediction of future words, another function of syntactic recognition emerges in the middle layer of the prediction circuit. The recurrent pathway of the cANN was essential for the two language functions, whereas cANN variants with further biological constraints preserved these functions. Considering the uniform structure of cerebellar circuitry across all functional domains, the single-circuit computation, which is the common basis of the two language functions, can be generalized to fundamental cerebellar functions of prediction and grammar-like rule extraction from sequences, that underpin a wide range of cerebellar motor and cognitive functions. This is a pioneering study to understand the circuit computation of human-characteristic cognition using biologically-constrained ANNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Ohmae
- Neuroscience Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China
| | - Shogo Ohmae
- Neuroscience Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China.
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21
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Carey MR. The cerebellum. Curr Biol 2024; 34:R7-R11. [PMID: 38194930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellum, that stripey 'little brain', sits at the back of your head, under your visual cortex, and contains more than half of the neurons in your entire nervous system. The cerebellum is highly conserved across vertebrates, and its evolutionary expansion has tended to proceed in concert with expansion of cerebral cortex. The crystalline neuronal architecture of the cerebellar cortex was first described by Cajal a century ago, and its functional connectivity was elucidated in exquisite anatomical and physiological detail by the mid-20th century. The ability to clearly identify molecularly distinct cerebellar cell types that constitute discrete circuit elements is perhaps unparalleled among brain areas, even within the context of modern circuit neuroscience. Although traditionally thought of as primarily a motor structure, the cerebellum is highly interconnected with diverse brain areas and, as I will explain in this Primer, is well-poised to influence a wide range of motor and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Carey
- Neuroscience Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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22
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Korann V, Thonse U, Garani R, Jacob A, Ramkiran S, Praharaj SK, Bharath RD, Kumar V, Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Rao NP. Association between urban upbringing and functional brain connectivity in schizophrenia. Indian J Psychiatry 2024; 66:71-81. [PMID: 38419936 PMCID: PMC10898520 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_560_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental factors considerably influence the development of the human cortex during the perinatal period, early childhood, and adolescence. Urban upbringing in the first 15 years of life is a known risk factor for schizophrenia (SCZ). Though the risk of urban birth and upbringing is well-examined from an epidemiological perspective, the biological mechanisms underlying urban upbringing remain unknown. The effect of urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in SCZ patients is not yet examined. Methods This is a secondary data analysis of three studies that included 87 patients with SCZ and 70 healthy volunteers (HV) aged 18 to 50 years. We calculated the developmental urbanicity index using a validated method in earlier studies. Following standard pre-processing of resting functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans, seed-return on investment (ROI) functional connectivity analysis was performed. Results The results showed a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional connectivity in SCZ patients and HV (P < 0.05). In SCZ patients, connections from the right caudate, anterior cingulate cortex, left and right intracalcarine cortices, left and right lingual gyri, left posterior parahippocampal cortex to the cerebellum, fusiform gyri, lateral occipital cortex, and amygdala were significantly associated with the urbanicity index (P < 0.05). Conclusions These study findings suggest a significant association between urban birth and upbringing on functional brain connectivity in regions involved in reward processing and social cognition in SCZ. Assessment of social cognition could have implications in developing an in-depth understanding of this impairment in persons with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittal Korann
- Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Umesh Thonse
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjini Garani
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arpitha Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Samir K. Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rose D. Bharath
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivarama Varambally
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren P. Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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23
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Saadon-Grosman N, Du J, Kosakowski HL, Angeli PA, DiNicola LM, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Within-Individual Organization of the Human Cognitive Cerebellum: Evidence for Closely Juxtaposed, Functionally Specialized Regions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.18.572062. [PMID: 38187706 PMCID: PMC10769291 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.18.572062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The human cerebellum possesses multiple regions linked to cerebral association cortex. Here we mapped the cerebellum using precision functional MRI within individual participants (N=15), first estimating regions using connectivity and then prospectively testing functional properties using independent task data. Network estimates in all participants revealed a Crus I / II cerebellar megacluster of five higher-order association networks often with multiple, discontinuous regions for the same network. Seed regions placed within the megaclusters, including the disjointed regions, yielded spatially selective networks in the cerebral cortex. Compelling evidence for functional specialization within the cerebellar megaclusters emerged from the task responses. Reflecting functional distinctions found in the cerebrum, domain-flexible cerebellar regions involved in cognitive control dissociated from distinct domain-specialized regions with differential responses to language, social, and spatial / episodic task demands. These findings provide a clear demonstration that the cerebellum encompasses multiple zones dedicated to cognition, featuring juxtaposed regions specialized for distinct processing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jingnan Du
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Heather L Kosakowski
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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24
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Taraku B, Loureiro JR, Sahib AK, Zavaliangos-Petropulu A, Al-Sharif N, Leaver A, Wade B, Joshi S, Woods RP, Espinoza R, Narr KL. Ketamine treatment modulates habenular and nucleus accumbens static and dynamic functional connectivity in major depression. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.01.23299282. [PMID: 38106178 PMCID: PMC10723506 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.01.23299282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder (MDD) involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and alleviates anhedonia in MDD. To clarify how ketamine perturbs reward circuitry in MDD, we examined how serial ketamine infusions (SKI) modulate static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc networks. MDD participants (n=58, mean age=40.7 years, female=28) received four ketamine infusions (0.5mg/kg) 2-3 times weekly. Resting-state fMRI scans and clinical assessments were collected at baseline and 24 hours post-SKI completion. Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC variability (dFCv) were calculated from left and right Hb and NAc seeds to all other brain regions. Paired t-tests examined changes in FC pre-to-post SKI, and correlations were used to determine relationships between FC changes with mood and anhedonia. Following SKI, significant increases in left Hb-bilateral visual cortex FC, decreases in left Hb-left inferior parietal cortex FC, and decreases in left NAc-right cerebellum FC occurred. Decreased dFCv between left Hb and right precuneus and visual cortex, and decreased dFCv between right NAc and right visual cortex both significantly correlated with improvements in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Decreased FC between left Hb and bilateral visual/parietal cortices as well as increased FC between left NAc and right visual/parietal cortices both significantly correlated with improvements in anhedonia. Subanesthetic ketamine modulates functional pathways linking the Hb and NAc with visual, parietal, and cerebellar regions. Overlapping effects between Hb and NAc functional systems were associated with ketamine's therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Taraku
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joana R Loureiro
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashish K Sahib
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Artemis Zavaliangos-Petropulu
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noor Al-Sharif
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Wade
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shantanu Joshi
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roger P Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randall Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Lee JM, Pyo YW, Kim YJ, Hong JH, Jo Y, Choi W, Lin D, Park HG. The ultra-thin, minimally invasive surface electrode array NeuroWeb for probing neural activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7088. [PMID: 37925553 PMCID: PMC10625630 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological recording technologies can provide valuable insights into the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Surface electrode arrays made of soft materials or implantable multi-electrode arrays with high electrode density have been widely utilized as neural probes. However, neither of these probe types can simultaneously achieve minimal invasiveness and robust neural signal detection. Here, we present an ultra-thin, minimally invasive neural probe (the "NeuroWeb") consisting of hexagonal boron nitride and graphene, which leverages the strengths of both surface electrode array and implantable multi-electrode array. The NeuroWeb open lattice structure with a total thickness of 100 nm demonstrates high flexibility and strong adhesion, establishing a conformal and tight interface with the uneven mouse brain surface. In vivo electrophysiological recordings show that NeuroWeb detects stable single-unit activity of neurons with high signal-to-noise ratios. Furthermore, we investigate neural interactions between the somatosensory cortex and the cerebellum using transparent dual NeuroWebs and optical stimulation, and measure the times of neural signal transmission between the brain regions depending on the pathway. Therefore, NeuroWeb can be expected to pave the way for understanding complex brain networks with optical and electrophysiological mapping of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Pyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Hong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyeon Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonshik Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhu J, Hasanbegović H, Liu LD, Gao Z, Li N. Activity map of a cortico-cerebellar loop underlying motor planning. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1916-1928. [PMID: 37814026 PMCID: PMC10620095 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01453-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The neocortex and cerebellum interact to mediate cognitive functions. It remains unknown how the two structures organize into functional networks to mediate specific behaviors. Here we delineate activity supporting motor planning in relation to the mesoscale cortico-cerebellar connectome. In mice planning directional licking based on short-term memory, preparatory activity instructing future movement depends on the anterior lateral motor cortex (ALM) and the cerebellum. Transneuronal tracing revealed divergent and largely open-loop connectivity between the ALM and distributed regions of the cerebellum. A cerebellum-wide survey of neuronal activity revealed enriched preparatory activity in hotspot regions with conjunctive input-output connectivity to the ALM. Perturbation experiments show that the conjunction regions were required for maintaining preparatory activity and correct subsequent movement. Other cerebellar regions contributed little to motor planning despite input or output connectivity to the ALM. These results identify a functional cortico-cerebellar loop and suggest the cerebellar cortex selectively establishes reciprocal cortico-cerebellar communications to orchestrate motor planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Liu D Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Nuo Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Shen LP, Li W, Pei LZ, Yin J, Xie ST, Li HZ, Yan C, Wang JJ, Zhang Q, Zhang XY, Zhu JN. Oxytocin Receptor in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Does Not Engage in Autism-Related Behaviors. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:888-904. [PMID: 36040660 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The classical motor center cerebellum is one of the most consistent structures of abnormality in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and neuropeptide oxytocin is increasingly explored as a potential pharmacotherapy for ASD. However, whether oxytocin targets the cerebellum for therapeutic effects remains unclear. Here, we report a localization of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) in Purkinje cells (PCs) of cerebellar lobule Crus I, which is functionally connected with ASD-implicated circuits. OXTR activation neither affects firing activities, intrinsic excitability, and synaptic transmission of normal PCs nor improves abnormal intrinsic excitability and synaptic transmission of PCs in maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of autism. Furthermore, blockage of OXTR in Crus I in wild-type mice does not induce autistic-like social, stereotypic, cognitive, and anxiety-like behaviors. These results suggest that oxytocin signaling in Crus I PCs seems to be uninvolved in ASD pathophysiology, and contribute to understanding of targets and mechanisms of oxytocin in ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Zhu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Zhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing-Ning Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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28
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Pierce JE, Thomasson M, Voruz P, Selosse G, Péron J. Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing in the Cerebellum: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:852-864. [PMID: 35999332 PMCID: PMC10485090 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cerebellum's role in affective processing is increasingly recognized in the literature, but remains poorly understood, despite abundant clinical evidence for affective disruptions following cerebellar damage. To improve the characterization of emotion processing and investigate how attention allocation impacts this processing, we conducted a meta-analysis on task activation foci using GingerALE software. Eighty human neuroimaging studies of emotion including 2761 participants identified through Web of Science and ProQuest databases were analyzed collectively and then divided into two categories based on the focus of attention during the task: explicit or implicit emotion processing. The results examining the explicit emotion tasks identified clusters within the posterior cerebellar hemispheres (bilateral lobule VI/Crus I/II), the vermis, and left lobule V/VI that were likely to be activated across studies, while implicit tasks activated clusters including bilateral lobules VI/Crus I/II, right Crus II/lobule VIII, anterior lobule VI, and lobules I-IV/V. A direct comparison between these categories revealed five overlapping clusters in right lobules VI/Crus I/Crus II and left lobules V/VI/Crus I of the cerebellum common to both the explicit and implicit task contrasts. There were also three clusters activated significantly more for explicit emotion tasks compared to implicit tasks (right lobule VI, left lobule VI/vermis), and one cluster activated more for implicit than explicit tasks (left lobule VI). These findings support previous studies indicating affective processing activates both the lateral hemispheric lobules and the vermis of the cerebellum. The common and distinct activation of posterior cerebellar regions by tasks with explicit and implicit attention demonstrates the supportive role of this structure in recognizing, appraising, and reacting to emotional stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Pierce
- Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Marine Thomasson
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40 bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Voruz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40 bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Garance Selosse
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40 bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 40 bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Neuropsychology Unit, Neurology Department, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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29
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Dai P, Zhou X, Xiong T, Ou Y, Chen Z, Zou B, Li W, Huang Z. Altered Effective Connectivity Among the Cerebellum and Cerebrum in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Using Multisite Resting-State fMRI. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:781-789. [PMID: 35933493 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and widespread psychiatric disorder. Previous studies mainly focused on cerebrum functional connectivity, and the sample size was relatively small. However, functional connectivity is undirected. And, there is increasing evidence that the cerebellum is also involved in emotion and cognitive processing and makes outstanding contributions to the symptomology and pathology of depression. Therefore, we used a large sample size of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data to investigate the altered effective connectivity (EC) among the cerebellum and other cerebral cortex in patients with MDD. Here, from the perspective of data-driven analysis, we used two different atlases to divide the whole brain into different regions and analyzed the alterations of EC and EC networks in the MDD group compared with healthy controls group (HCs). The results showed that compared with HCs, there were significantly altered EC in the cerebellum-neocortex and cerebellum-basal ganglia circuits in MDD patients, which implied that the cerebellum may be a potential biomarker of depressive disorders. And, the alterations of EC brain networks in MDD patients may provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishan Dai
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tong Xiong
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Ou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zailiang Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Beiji Zou
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongchao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Hoang H, Tsutsumi S, Matsuzaki M, Kano M, Kawato M, Kitamura K, Toyama K. Dynamic organization of cerebellar climbing fiber response and synchrony in multiple functional components reduces dimensions for reinforcement learning. eLife 2023; 12:e86340. [PMID: 37712651 PMCID: PMC10531405 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar climbing fibers convey diverse signals, but how they are organized in the compartmental structure of the cerebellar cortex during learning remains largely unclear. We analyzed a large amount of coordinate-localized two-photon imaging data from cerebellar Crus II in mice undergoing 'Go/No-go' reinforcement learning. Tensor component analysis revealed that a majority of climbing fiber inputs to Purkinje cells were reduced to only four functional components, corresponding to accurate timing control of motor initiation related to a Go cue, cognitive error-based learning, reward processing, and inhibition of erroneous behaviors after a No-go cue. Changes in neural activities during learning of the first two components were correlated with corresponding changes in timing control and error learning across animals, indirectly suggesting causal relationships. Spatial distribution of these components coincided well with boundaries of Aldolase-C/zebrin II expression in Purkinje cells, whereas several components are mixed in single neurons. Synchronization within individual components was bidirectionally regulated according to specific task contexts and learning stages. These findings suggest that, in close collaborations with other brain regions including the inferior olive nucleus, the cerebellum, based on anatomical compartments, reduces dimensions of the learning space by dynamically organizing multiple functional components, a feature that may inspire new-generation AI designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Hoang
- ATR Neural Information Analysis LaboratoriesKyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Masanobu Kano
- Department of Neurophysiology, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory GroupKyotoJapan
| | - Kazuo Kitamura
- Department of Neurophysiology, University of YamanashiKofuJapan
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31
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Destrebecq V, Naeije G. Cognitive impairment in essential tremor assessed by the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome scale. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1224478. [PMID: 37662041 PMCID: PMC10473101 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1224478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Essential tremor (ET) is a movement disorder characterized by cerebellar neurodegenerative changes. ET is also associated with non-motor symptoms including cognitive impairment. The neuropsychologic profile of a patient with ET could relate to cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cognitive impairment in patients with ET and identify whether the cognitive impairment in ET corresponds to a CCAS. Methods Cognitive functions were evaluated with the CCAS-Scale (CCAS-S) in 20 patients with ET and 20 controls matched for age, sex, and level of education. The results of the CCAS-S were compared between patients and controls. The underlying determinant of CCAS inpatients with ET was identified through the correlation between the results of the CCAS-S and age at onset of symptoms, disease duration, and the Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS). Results On a group level, ET patients performed significantly worse than matched controls. In total, 13 individuals with ET had a definite CCAS (CCAS-S failed items ≥ 3). ASO and TETRAS scores significantly correlated with CCAS-S performances in ET patients. Conclusion CCAS is highly prevalent in patients with ET which supports the cerebellar pathophysiology of associated cognitive impairment and supports a more systematic use of the CCAS-S to cognitively assessed patients with ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Destrebecq
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles (CUB) Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Naeije
- Clinique Universitaire de Bruxelles (CUB) Hôpital Erasme, Department of Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie translationnelles, UNI-ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Cao H. Prefrontal-cerebellar dynamics during post-success and post-error cognitive controls in major psychiatric disorders. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4915-4922. [PMID: 35775370 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficulty in cognitive adjustment after a conflict or error is a hallmark for many psychiatric disorders, yet the underlying neural correlates are not fully understood. We have previously shown that post-success and post-error cognitive controls are associated with distinct mechanisms particularly related to the prefrontal-cerebellar circuit, raising the possibility that altered dynamic interactions in this circuit may underlie mental illness. METHODS This study included 136 patients with three diagnosed disorders [48 schizophrenia (SZ), 49 bipolar disorder (BD), 39 attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)] and 89 healthy controls who completed a stop-signal task during fMRI scans. Brain activations for concurrent, post-success, and post-error cognitive controls were analyzed and compared between groups. Dynamic causal modeling was applied to investigate prefrontal-cerebellar effective connectivity patterns during post-success and post-error processing. RESULTS No significant group differences were observed for brain activations and overall effective connectivity structures during post-success and post-error conditions. However, significant group differences were shown for the modulational effect on top-down connectivity from the prefrontal cortex to the cerebellum during post-error trials (pFWE = 0.02), which was driven by reduced modulations in both SZ and ADHD. During post-success trials, there were significantly decreased modulational effect on bottom-up connectivity from the cerebellum to the prefrontal cortex in ADHD (pFWE = 0.04) and decreased driving input to the cerebellum in SZ (pFWE = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients with SZ and ADHD are associated with insufficient neural modulation on the prefrontal-cerebellar circuit during post-success and post-error cognitive processing, a phenomenon that may underlie cognitive deficits in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Zhao R, Wang P, Liu L, Zhang F, Hu P, Wen J, Li H, Biswal BB. Whole-brain structure-function coupling abnormalities in mild cognitive impairment: a study combining amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and voxel-based morphometry. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1236221. [PMID: 37583417 PMCID: PMC10424122 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1236221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the leading diseases of the nervous system, is accompanied by symptoms such as loss of memory, thinking and language skills. Both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and very mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) are the transitional pathological stages between normal aging and AD. While the changes in whole-brain structural and functional information have been extensively investigated in AD, The impaired structure-function coupling remains unknown. The current study employed the OASIS-3 dataset, which includes 53 MCI, 90 VMCI, and 100 Age-, gender-, and education-matched normal controls (NC). Several structural and functional parameters, such as the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and The ALFF/VBM ratio, were used To estimate The whole-brain neuroimaging changes In MCI, VMCI, and NC. As disease symptoms became more severe, these regions, distributed in the frontal-inf-orb, putamen, and paracentral lobule in the white matter (WM), exhibited progressively increasing ALFF (ALFFNC < ALFFVMCI < ALFFMCI), which was similar to the tendency for The cerebellum and putamen in the gray matter (GM). Additionally, as symptoms worsened in AD, the cuneus/frontal lobe in the WM and the parahippocampal gyrus/hippocampus in the GM showed progressively decreasing structure-function coupling. As the typical focal areas in AD, The parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus showed significant positive correlations with the severity of cognitive impairment, suggesting the important applications of the ALFF/VBM ratio in brain disorders. On the other hand, these findings from WM functional signals provided a novel perspective for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms involved In cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanyu Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaping Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- The Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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Zhao Z, Parra OP, Musella F, Scrutton-Alvarado N, Fujita SI, Alber F, Yang Y, Yamada T. Mega-Enhancer Bodies Organize Neuronal Long Genes in the Cerebellum. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.19.549737. [PMID: 37503219 PMCID: PMC10370079 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.19.549737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of gene expression plays a key role in establishing the diverse neuronal cell types in the brain. Recent findings in genome biology suggest that three-dimensional (3D) genome organization has important, but mechanistically poorly understood functions in gene transcription. Beyond local genomic interactions between promoters and enhancers, we find that cerebellar granule neurons undergoing differentiation in vivo exhibit striking increases in long-distance genomic interactions between transcriptionally active genomic loci, which are separated by tens of megabases within a chromosome or located on different chromosomes. Among these interactions, we identify a nuclear subcompartment enriched for near-megabase long enhancers and their associated neuronal long genes encoding synaptic or signaling proteins. Neuronal long genes are differentially recruited to this enhancer-dense subcompartment to help shape the transcriptional identities of granule neuron subtypes in the cerebellum. SPRITE analyses of higher-order genomic interactions, together with IGM-based 3D genome modeling and imaging approaches, reveal that the enhancer-dense subcompartment forms prominent nuclear structures, which we term mega-enhancer bodies. These novel nuclear bodies reside in the nuclear periphery, away from other transcriptionally active structures, including nuclear speckles located in the nuclear interior. Together, our findings define additional layers of higher-order 3D genome organization closely linked to neuronal maturation and identity in the brain.
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35
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Zhu X, Yan H, Zhan Y, Feng F, Wei C, Yao YG, Liu C. An anatomical and connectivity atlas of the marmoset cerebellum. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112480. [PMID: 37163375 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is essential for motor control and cognitive functioning, engaging in bidirectional communication with the cerebral cortex. The common marmoset, a small non-human primate, offers unique advantages for studying cerebello-cerebral circuits. However, the marmoset cerebellum is not well described in published resources. In this study, we present a comprehensive atlas of the marmoset cerebellum comprising (1) fine-detailed anatomical atlases and surface-analysis tools of the cerebellar cortex based on ultra-high-resolution ex vivo MRI, (2) functional connectivity and gradient patterns of the cerebellar cortex revealed by awake resting-state fMRI, and (3) structural-connectivity mapping of cerebellar nuclei using high-resolution diffusion MRI tractography. The atlas elucidates the anatomical details of the marmoset cerebellum, reveals distinct gradient patterns of intra-cerebellar and cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity, and maps the topological relationship of cerebellar nuclei in cerebello-cerebral circuits. As version 5 of the Marmoset Brain Mapping project, this atlas is publicly available at https://marmosetbrainmapping.org/MBMv5.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haotian Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yafeng Zhan
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Furui Feng
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuanyao Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cirong Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Gruol DL, Calderon D, French K, Melkonian C, Huitron-Resendiz S, Cates-Gatto C, Roberts AJ. Neuroimmune interactions with binge alcohol drinking in the cerebellum of IL-6 transgenic mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 228:109455. [PMID: 36775097 PMCID: PMC10029700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The neuroimmune system of the brain, which is comprised primarily of astrocytes and microglia, regulates a variety of homeostatic mechanisms that underlie normal brain function. Numerous conditions, including alcohol consumption, can disrupt this regulatory process by altering brain levels of neuroimmune factors. Alcohol and neuroimmune factors, such as proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, act at similar targets in the brain, including excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Thus, alcohol-induced production of IL-6 and/or TNF-alpha could be important contributing factors to the effects of alcohol on the brain. Recent studies indicate that IL-6 plays a role in alcohol drinking and the effects of alcohol on the brain activity following the cessation of alcohol consumption (post-alcohol period), however information on these topics is limited. Here we used homozygous and heterozygous female and male transgenic mice with increased astrocyte expression of IL-6 to examined further the interactions between alcohol and IL-6 with respect to voluntary alcohol drinking, brain activity during the post-alcohol period, IL-6 signal transduction, and expression of synaptic proteins. Wildtype littermates (WT) served as controls. The transgenic mice model brain neuroimmune status with respect to IL-6 in subjects with a history of persistent alcohol use. Results showed a genotype dependent reduction in voluntary alcohol consumption in the Drinking in the Dark protocol and in frequency-dependent relationships between brain activity in EEG recordings during the post-alcohol period and alcohol consumption. IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-6 signal transduction partners pSTAT3 and c/EBP beta, and synaptic proteins were shown to play a role in these genotypic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Gruol
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Delilah Calderon
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katharine French
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Claudia Melkonian
- Neuroscience Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Cates-Gatto
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Amanda J Roberts
- Animal Models Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Wang XT, Zhou L, Dong BB, Xu FX, Wang DJ, Shen EW, Cai XY, Wang Y, Wang N, Ji SJ, Chen W, Schonewille M, Zhu JJ, De Zeeuw CI, Shen Y. cAMP-EPAC-PKCε-RIM1α signaling regulates presynaptic long-term potentiation and motor learning. eLife 2023; 12:e80875. [PMID: 37159499 PMCID: PMC10171863 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in learning of fine motor skills, yet whether presynaptic plasticity contributes to such learning remains elusive. Here, we report that the EPAC-PKCε module has a critical role in a presynaptic form of long-term potentiation in the cerebellum and motor behavior in mice. Presynaptic cAMP-EPAC-PKCε signaling cascade induces a previously unidentified threonine phosphorylation of RIM1α, and thereby initiates the assembly of the Rab3A-RIM1α-Munc13-1 tripartite complex that facilitates docking and release of synaptic vesicles. Granule cell-specific blocking of EPAC-PKCε signaling abolishes presynaptic long-term potentiation at the parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses and impairs basic performance and learning of cerebellar motor behavior. These results unveil a functional relevance of presynaptic plasticity that is regulated through a novel signaling cascade, thereby enriching the spectrum of cerebellar learning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Bin-Bin Dong
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Fang-Xiao Xu
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - De-Juan Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - En-Wei Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xin-Yu Cai
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cranial Cerebral Diseases, Department of Neurobiology of Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanChina
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng-Jian Ji
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | | | - J Julius Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MCRotterdamNetherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of SciencesAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Physiology and Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuChina
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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Hwang KD, Baek J, Ryu HH, Lee J, Shim HG, Kim SY, Kim SJ, Lee YS. Cerebellar nuclei neurons projecting to the lateral parabrachial nucleus modulate classical fear conditioning. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112291. [PMID: 36952344 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple brain regions are engaged in classical fear conditioning. Despite evidence for cerebellar involvement in fear conditioning, the mechanisms by which cerebellar outputs modulate fear learning and memory remain unclear. We identify a population of deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) neurons with monosynaptic glutamatergic projections to the lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) (DCN→lPBN neurons) in mice. While optogenetic suppression of DCN→lPBN neurons impairs auditory fear memory, activation of DCN→lPBN neurons elicits freezing behavior only after auditory fear conditioning. Moreover, auditory fear conditioning potentiates DCN-lPBN synapses, and subsequently, auditory cue activates lPBN neurons after fear conditioning. Furthermore, DCN→lPBN neuron activation can replace the auditory cue but not footshock in fear conditioning. These findings demonstrate that cerebellar nuclei modulate auditory fear conditioning via transmitting conditioned stimuli signals to the lPBN. Collectively, our findings suggest that the DCN-lPBN circuit is a part of neuronal substrates within interconnected brain regions underscoring auditory fear memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Doo Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Baek
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegeon Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Geun Shim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea.
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A surgical modification in the technique of rat pinealectomy. Anat Sci Int 2023; 98:164-175. [PMID: 36029435 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-022-00683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several experimental intents require pineal gland removal. The main challenge of the pinealectomy surgical procedure is the hemorrhage due to the transverse sinus torn. The study aimed to modify the rat pinealectomy surgical procedure to reduce the risk of bleeding and the mortality rate. METHODS Adult male rats experienced pinealectomy surgery. A mini-drill was used to remove a small skull area in the junction of the lambda and sagittal sutures. The pineal gland was removed using a curved-head hook. Animals experienced intensive post-surgical care. Locomotion, cerebellar motor function, working memory, and anxiety were evaluated 2 weeks after pinealectomy by the open field, rotarod, Y maze, and the elevated plus maze, respectively. RESULTS Surgical modification reduced the bleeding risk and animal mortality rate. No significant alteration was found in locomotion and working memory. However, the pinealectomy was anxiogenic and decreased entry to the open arm. The cerebellar motor performance did not change in the rotarod test. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining of removed tissue confirmed the histology of the pineal gland. CONCLUSION Advantages of this technique were removing a small skull area, modifying the hook insertion point to prevent damaging the brain veins, reducing the bleeding risk and the mortality rate. Surgery modification was associated with a decreased final number of animals used. Regardless of the melatonin shortage, pinealectomy affects different organs, which should be considered in the research study design.
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Determinant of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in Friedreich's ataxia. J Neurol 2023; 270:2969-2974. [PMID: 36790547 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) display significantly lower performances in many cognitive domains with a pattern of impairment that falls within the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS). OBJECTIVE To assess in a large cohort of individuals with FRDA, the main determinant of the CCAS using multiple variable regression models. METHODS This is a monocentric observational study that included 39 individuals with FRDA. Ataxic motor symptoms were evaluated with the SARA and cognitive functions with the CCAS-Scale (CCAS-S). Age, SARA, GAA1, Age of symptoms onset (ASO), Age and disease duration (DD) were chosen as covariates in a linear regression model to predict CCAS-S failed items and covariates in a logistic regression model to predict definite CCAS. RESULTS Patients mean age, SARA score, ASO, DD and GAA1 were respectively of 29 ± 14, 22 ± 10, 14 ± 11, 15 ± 9 and 712 ± 238 (4 point-mutations). Mean CCAS-S raw score was of 86 ± 16, mean number of failed items was 2.9 ± 1.6. Twenty-three individuals had definite CCAS. The multiple linear regression model with age, SARA, ASO, DD & GAA1 as covariates was statistically significant to predict CCAS-S failed items. The SARA was the only significant coefficient in regression models for predicting CCAS-S failed items number and the definite CCAS occurrence. CONCLUSIONS CCAS is highly prevalent in adult individuals with FRDA. CCAS is predicted by ataxic motor symptoms severity. This finding supports common core cerebellar pathophysiology in both cognitive and motor symptoms in FRDA and warrants screening for CCAS, especially in patients with SARA > 20.
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Vandevelde JR, Yang JW, Albrecht S, Lam H, Kaufmann P, Luhmann HJ, Stüttgen MC. Layer- and cell-type-specific differences in neural activity in mouse barrel cortex during a whisker detection task. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1361-1382. [PMID: 35417918 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To address the question which neocortical layers and cell types are important for the perception of a sensory stimulus, we performed multielectrode recordings in the barrel cortex of head-fixed mice performing a single-whisker go/no-go detection task with vibrotactile stimuli of differing intensities. We found that behavioral detection probability decreased gradually over the course of each session, which was well explained by a signal detection theory-based model that posits stable psychometric sensitivity and a variable decision criterion updated after each reinforcement, reflecting decreasing motivation. Analysis of multiunit activity demonstrated highest neurometric sensitivity in layer 4, which was achieved within only 30 ms after stimulus onset. At the level of single neurons, we observed substantial heterogeneity of neurometric sensitivity within and across layers, ranging from nonresponsiveness to approaching or even exceeding psychometric sensitivity. In all cortical layers, putative inhibitory interneurons on average proffered higher neurometric sensitivity than putative excitatory neurons. In infragranular layers, neurons increasing firing rate in response to stimulation featured higher sensitivities than neurons decreasing firing rate. Offline machine-learning-based analysis of videos of behavioral sessions showed that mice performed better when not moving, which at the neuronal level, was reflected by increased stimulus-evoked firing rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens R Vandevelde
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Henry Lam
- Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Law, Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Kaufmann
- Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Law, Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Jakob-Welder-Weg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maik C Stüttgen
- Institute of Pathophysiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Boven E, Pemberton J, Chadderton P, Apps R, Costa RP. Cerebro-cerebellar networks facilitate learning through feedback decoupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:51. [PMID: 36599827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioural feedback is critical for learning in the cerebral cortex. However, such feedback is often not readily available. How the cerebral cortex learns efficiently despite the sparse nature of feedback remains unclear. Inspired by recent deep learning algorithms, we introduce a systems-level computational model of cerebro-cerebellar interactions. In this model a cerebral recurrent network receives feedback predictions from a cerebellar network, thereby decoupling learning in cerebral networks from future feedback. When trained in a simple sensorimotor task the model shows faster learning and reduced dysmetria-like behaviours, in line with the widely observed functional impact of the cerebellum. Next, we demonstrate that these results generalise to more complex motor and cognitive tasks. Finally, the model makes several experimentally testable predictions regarding cerebro-cerebellar task-specific representations over learning, task-specific benefits of cerebellar predictions and the differential impact of cerebellar and inferior olive lesions. Overall, our work offers a theoretical framework of cerebro-cerebellar networks as feedback decoupling machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Boven
- Bristol Computational Neuroscience Unit, Intelligent Systems Labs, SCEEM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Joseph Pemberton
- Bristol Computational Neuroscience Unit, Intelligent Systems Labs, SCEEM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Paul Chadderton
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Rui Ponte Costa
- Bristol Computational Neuroscience Unit, Intelligent Systems Labs, SCEEM, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.
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Nguyen TM, Thomas LA, Rhoades JL, Ricchi I, Yuan XC, Sheridan A, Hildebrand DGC, Funke J, Regehr WG, Lee WCA. Structured cerebellar connectivity supports resilient pattern separation. Nature 2023; 613:543-549. [PMID: 36418404 PMCID: PMC10324966 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is thought to help detect and correct errors between intended and executed commands1,2 and is critical for social behaviours, cognition and emotion3-6. Computations for motor control must be performed quickly to correct errors in real time and should be sensitive to small differences between patterns for fine error correction while being resilient to noise7. Influential theories of cerebellar information processing have largely assumed random network connectivity, which increases the encoding capacity of the network's first layer8-13. However, maximizing encoding capacity reduces the resilience to noise7. To understand how neuronal circuits address this fundamental trade-off, we mapped the feedforward connectivity in the mouse cerebellar cortex using automated large-scale transmission electron microscopy and convolutional neural network-based image segmentation. We found that both the input and output layers of the circuit exhibit redundant and selective connectivity motifs, which contrast with prevailing models. Numerical simulations suggest that these redundant, non-random connectivity motifs increase the resilience to noise at a negligible cost to the overall encoding capacity. This work reveals how neuronal network structure can support a trade-off between encoding capacity and redundancy, unveiling principles of biological network architecture with implications for the design of artificial neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri M Nguyen
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Logan A Thomas
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jeff L Rhoades
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilaria Ricchi
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xintong Cindy Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Division of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arlo Sheridan
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David G C Hildebrand
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Neural Systems, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Funke
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Wade G Regehr
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Allen Lee
- F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lin CYR, Amokrane N, Chen S, Chen TX, Lai RY, Trinh P, Minyetty MJ, Emmerich H, Pan MK, Claassen DO, Kuo SH. Cerebellar impulsivity-compulsivity assessment scale. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:48-57. [PMID: 36401598 PMCID: PMC9852385 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebellum has been identified as the key brain region that modulates reward processing in animal models. Consistently, we recently found that people with cerebellar ataxia have impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs), the main symptoms related to abnormal reward processing. Due to the lack of a validated scale to quantitatively measure ICBs in cerebellar disorders, we aim to develop and validate a new scale, Cerebellar Impulsivity-Compulsivity Assessment (CIA). METHODS We recruited 62 cerebellar ataxia cases, categorized into those with ICBs and those without. We developed a preliminary version of CIA, containing 17 questions. We studied the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability to formulate the final version of CIA, which constitutes only 10 questions. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was generated to assess the sensitivity and specificity of CIA. RESULTS Cerebellar ataxia cases with ICBs have threefold higher total preliminary CIA scores than those without ICBs (12.06 ± 5.96 vs. 4.68 ± 3.50, p = 0.038). Cronbach's alpha revealed good internal consistency across all items (α > 0.70). By performing the test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability on the preliminary version of CIA, we excluded seven questions (r < 0.70) and generated the final version of CIA. Based on the ROC, a score of 8.0 in CIA was chosen as the cut-off for ICBs in individuals with cerebellar ataxia with 81% sensitivity and 81% specificity. INTERPRETATION CIA is a novel tool to assess ICBs in cerebellar ataxia and broaden our understanding of the cerebellum-related cognitive and behavioral symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying R Lin
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nadia Amokrane
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Serena Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tiffany X Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruo-Yah Lai
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paula Trinh
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael J Minyetty
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haidyn Emmerich
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Initiative of Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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Ma L, Liu G, Zhang P, Wang J, Huang W, Jiang Y, Zheng Y, Han N, Zhang Z, Zhang J. Altered Cerebro-Cerebellar Effective Connectivity in New-Onset Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121658. [PMID: 36552118 PMCID: PMC9775154 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: Resting-state fMRI studies have indicated that juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) could cause widespread functional connectivity disruptions between the cerebrum and cerebellum. However, the directed influences or effective connectivities (ECs) between these brain regions are poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the ECs between the cerebrum and cerebellum in patients with new-onset JME. (2) Methods: Thirty-four new-onset JME patients and thirty-four age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. We compared the degree centrality (DC) between the two groups to identify intergroup differences in whole-brain functional connectivity. Then, we used a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to explore JME-caused changes in EC between cerebrum regions and cerebellum regions. Furthermore, we applied a correlation analysis to identify associations between aberrant EC and disease severity in patients with JME. (3) Results: Compared to HCs, patients with JME showed significantly increased DC in the left cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.L), the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.R) and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), and decreased DC in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG.L) and the left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L). The patients also showed unidirectionally increased ECs from cerebellum regions to the cerebrum regions, including from the CePL.L to the right precuneus (PreCU.R), from the left cerebellum anterior lobe (CeAL.L) to the ITG.R, from the right cerebellum posterior lobe (CePL.R) to the IFG.L, and from the left inferior semi-lunar lobule of the cerebellum (CeISL.L) to the SFG.R. Additionally, the EC from the CeISL.L to the SFG.R was negatively correlated with the disease severity. (4) Conclusions: JME patients showed unidirectional EC disruptions from the cerebellum to the cerebrum, and the negative correlation between EC and disease severity provides a new perspective for understanding the cerebro-cerebellar neural circuit mechanisms in JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiyang Ma
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanli Jiang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Na Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-28861955 (Z.Z.); +86-0931-8942090 (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0571-28861955 (Z.Z.); +86-0931-8942090 (J.Z.)
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Yoshida J, Oñate M, Khatami L, Vera J, Nadim F, Khodakhah K. Cerebellar Contributions to the Basal Ganglia Influence Motor Coordination, Reward Processing, and Movement Vigor. J Neurosci 2022; 42:8406-8415. [PMID: 36351826 PMCID: PMC9665921 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1535-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the cerebellum and the basal ganglia are known for their roles in motor control and motivated behavior. These two systems have been classically considered as independent structures that coordinate their contributions to behavior via separate cortico-thalamic loops. However, recent evidence demonstrates the presence of a rich set of direct connections between these two regions. Although there is strong evidence for connections in both directions, for brevity we limit our discussion to the better-characterized connections from the cerebellum to the basal ganglia. We review two sets of such connections: disynaptic projections through the thalamus and direct monosynaptic projections to the midbrain dopaminergic nuclei, the VTA and the SNc. In each case, we review the evidence for these pathways from anatomic tracing and physiological recordings, and discuss their potential functional roles. We present evidence that the disynaptic pathway through the thalamus is involved in motor coordination, and that its dysfunction contributes to motor deficits, such as dystonia. We then discuss how cerebellar projections to the VTA and SNc influence dopamine release in the respective targets of these nuclei: the NAc and the dorsal striatum. We argue that the cerebellar projections to the VTA may play a role in reward-based learning and therefore contribute to addictive behavior, whereas the projection to the SNc may contribute to movement vigor. Finally, we speculate how these projections may explain many of the observations that indicate a role for the cerebellum in mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Yoshida
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Maritza Oñate
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Leila Khatami
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Jorge Vera
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - Farzan Nadim
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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Ota T, Kikuchi Y, Amiya I, Ohno-Shosaku T, Koike Y, Yoneda M. Evaluation of motor learning in predictable loading task using a force sense presentation device. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:3305-3314. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Liu W, Zeng LL, Shen H, Zhou ZT, Hu D. Functional orderly topography of brain networks associated with gene expression heterogeneity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1083. [PMID: 36220938 PMCID: PMC9554040 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04039-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cerebral cortex is vastly expanded relative to nonhuman primates and rodents, leading to a functional orderly topography of brain networks. Here, we show that functional topography may be associated with gene expression heterogeneity. The neocortex exhibits greater heterogeneity in gene expression, with a lower expression of housekeeping genes, a longer mean path length, fewer clusters, and a lower degree of ordering in networks than archicortical and subcortical areas in human, rhesus macaque, and mouse brains. In particular, the cerebellar cortex displays greater heterogeneity in gene expression than cerebellar deep nuclei in the human brain, but not in the mouse brain, corresponding to the emergence of novel functions in the human cerebellar cortex. Moreover, the cortical areas with greater heterogeneity, primarily located in the multimodal association cortex, tend to express genes with higher evolutionary rates and exhibit a higher degree of functional connectivity measured by resting-state fMRI, implying that such a spatial distribution of gene expression may be shaped by evolution and is favourable for the specialization of higher cognitive functions. Together, the cross-species imaging and genetic findings may provide convergent evidence to support the association between the orderly topography of brain function networks and gene expression. Comparative analysis of human, macaque and mouse function and genetic heterogeneity in the brain reveals links between gene expression and orderly topography of functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Li Zeng
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Tan Zhou
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China
| | - Dewen Hu
- College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, P. R. China.
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Streng ML, Popa LS, Ebner TJ. Cerebellar Representations of Errors and Internal Models. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:814-820. [PMID: 35471627 PMCID: PMC9420826 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
After decades of study, a comprehensive understanding of cerebellar function remains elusive. Several hypotheses have been put forward over the years, including that the cerebellum functions as a forward internal model. Integrated into the forward model framework is the long-standing view that Purkinje cell complex spike discharge encodes error information. In this brief review, we address both of these concepts based on our recordings of cerebellar Purkinje cells over the last decade as well as newer findings from the literature. During a high-dimensionality tracking task requiring continuous error processing, we find that complex spike discharge provides a rich source of non-error signals to Purkinje cells, indicating that the classical error encoding role ascribed to climbing fiber input needs revision. Instead, the simple spike discharge of Purkinje cells carries robust predictive and feedback signals of performance errors, as well as kinematics. These simple spike signals are consistent with a forward internal model. We also show that the information encoded in the simple spike is dynamically adjusted by the complex spike firing. Synthesis of these observations leads to the hypothesis that complex spikes convey behavioral state changes, possibly acting to select and maintain forward models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L Streng
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Laurentiu S Popa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Ebner
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Chao OY, Nikolaus S, Yang YM, Huston JP. Neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place in rodent models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104855. [PMID: 36089106 PMCID: PMC10542956 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are used for studying neuronal circuits underlying recognition memory due to their ability to spontaneously remember the occurrence of an object, its place and an association of the object and place in a particular environment. A joint employment of lesions, pharmacological interventions, optogenetics and chemogenetics is constantly expanding our knowledge of the neural basis for recognition memory of object, place, and their association. In this review, we summarize current studies on recognition memory in rodents with a focus on the novel object preference, novel location preference and object-in-place paradigms. The evidence suggests that the medial prefrontal cortex- and hippocampus-connected circuits contribute to recognition memory for object and place. Under certain conditions, the striatum, medial septum, amygdala, locus coeruleus and cerebellum are also involved. We propose that the neuronal circuitry for recognition memory of object and place is hierarchically connected and constructed by different cortical (perirhinal, entorhinal and retrosplenial cortices), thalamic (nucleus reuniens, mediodorsal and anterior thalamic nuclei) and primeval (hypothalamus and interpeduncular nucleus) modules interacting with the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Susanne Nikolaus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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