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Mirmohammadi M, Eskandari K, Koruji M, Shabani R, Ahadi R, Haghparast A. Intra-Accumbal D1- But not D2-Like Dopamine Receptor Antagonism Reverses the Inhibitory Effects of Cannabidiol on Extinction and Reinstatement of Methamphetamine Seeking Behavior in Rats. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:89-110. [PMID: 36048545 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive psychostimulant that facilitates dopamine transmission to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), resulting in alterations in the mesocorticolimbic brain regions. Cannabidiol (CBD) is considered the second most abundant component of cannabis and is believed to decrease the METH effects. Reversing psychostimulant-induced abnormalities in the mesolimbic dopamine system is the main mechanism for this effect. Various other mechanisms have been proposed: increasing endocannabinoid system activity and modulating gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate neurons in NAc. However, the exact CBD action mechanisms in reducing drug addiction and relapse vulnerability remain unclear. Methods and Results: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administrating 5, 10, and 50 μg/5 μL CBD solutions on the extinction period and reinstatement phase of a METH-induced conditioned place preference. This research also aimed to examine the NAc D1-like dopamine receptor (D1R) and D2-like dopamine receptor (D2R) roles in the effects of CBD on these phases, as mentioned earlier, using SCH23390 and sulpiride microinjections as an antagonist of D1R and D2R. The obtained results showed that microinjection of CBD (10 and 50 μg/5 μL, ICV) suppressed the METH-induced reinstatement and significantly decreased mean extinction latency in treated groups compared to both vehicles and/or untreated control groups. In addition, the results demonstrated that administrating intra-accumbal SCH23390 (1 and 4 μg/0.5 μL saline) reversed the inhibitory effects of CBD on extinction and reinstatement phases while different doses of sulpiride (0.25, 1, and 4 μg/0.5 μL; dimethyl sulfoxide 12%) could not alter the CBD effects. Conclusions: In summary, this study showed that CBD made shorter extinction latencies and suppressed the METH reinstatement, in part, by interacting with D1R but not D2R in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Mirmohammadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiarash Eskandari
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Shabani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Baenas I, Solé-Morata N, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Pujadas M, Mora-Maltas B, Lucas I, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Tapia J, de la Torre R, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol baseline plasma concentrations and their clinical correlate in gambling disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e97. [PMID: 37937379 PMCID: PMC10755577 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different components of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system such as their most well-known endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have been implicated in brain reward pathways. While shared neurobiological substrates have been described among addiction-related disorders, information regarding the role of this system in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD) is scarce. AIMS Fasting plasma concentrations of AEA and 2-AG were analyzed in individuals with GD at baseline, compared with healthy control subjects (HC). Through structural equation modeling, we evaluated associations between endocannabinoids and GD severity, exploring the potentially mediating role of clinical and neuropsychological variables. METHODS The sample included 166 adult outpatients with GD (95.8% male, mean age 39 years old) and 41 HC. Peripheral blood samples were collected after overnight fasting to assess AEA and 2-AG concentrations (ng/ml). Clinical (i.e., general psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, personality) and neuropsychological variables were evaluated through a semi-structured clinical interview and psychometric assessments. RESULTS Plasma AEA concentrations were higher in patients with GD compared with HC (p = .002), without differences in 2-AG. AEA and 2-AG concentrations were related to GD severity, with novelty-seeking mediating relationships. CONCLUSIONS This study points to differences in fasting plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids between individuals with GD and HC. In the clinical group, the pathway defined by the association between the concentrations of endocannabinoids and novelty-seeking predicted GD severity. Although exploratory, these results could contribute to the identification of potential endophenotypic features that help optimize personalized approaches to prevent and treat GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Tapia
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Bacharach SZ, Martin DA, Stapf CA, Sun F, Li Y, Cheer JF, Calu DJ. Decreased Ventral Tegmental Area CB1R Signaling Reduces Sign Tracking and Shifts Cue-Outcome Dynamics in Rat Nucleus Accumbens. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4684-4696. [PMID: 37208179 PMCID: PMC10286939 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1486-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sign-tracking (ST) rats show enhanced cue sensitivity before drug experience that predicts greater discrete cue-induced drug seeking compared with goal-tracking or intermediate rats. Cue-evoked dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a neurobiological signature of sign-tracking behaviors. Here, we examine a critical regulator of the dopamine system, endocannabinoids, which bind the cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to control cue-evoked striatal dopamine levels. We use cell type-specific optogenetics, intra-VTA pharmacology, and fiber photometry to test the hypothesis that VTA CB1R receptor signaling regulates NAc dopamine levels to control sign tracking. We trained male and female rats in a Pavlovian lever autoshaping (PLA) task to determine their tracking groups before testing the effect of VTA → NAc dopamine inhibition. We found that this circuit is critical for mediating the vigor of the ST response. Upstream of this circuit, intra-VTA infusions of rimonabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, during PLA decrease lever and increase food cup approach in sign-trackers. Using fiber photometry to measure fluorescent signals from a dopamine sensor, GRABDA (AAV9-hSyn-DA2m), we tested the effects of intra-VTA rimonabant on NAc dopamine dynamics during autoshaping in female rats. We found that intra-VTA rimonabant decreased sign-tracking behaviors, which was associated with increases in NAc shell, but not core, dopamine levels during reward delivery [unconditioned stimulus (US)]. Our results suggest that CB1R signaling in the VTA influences the balance between the conditioned stimulus-evoked and US-evoked dopamine responses in the NAc shell and biases behavioral responding to cues in sign-tracking rats.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronically relapsing psychological disorder that affects a subset of individuals who engage in drug use. Recent research suggests that there are individual behavioral and neurobiological differences before drug experience that predict SUD and relapse vulnerabilities. Here, we investigate how midbrain endocannabinoids regulate a brain pathway that is exclusively involved in driving cue-motivated behaviors of sign-tracking rats. This work contributes to our mechanistic understanding of individual vulnerabilities to cue-triggered natural reward seeking that have relevance for drug-motivated behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Z Bacharach
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - David A Martin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Cassie A Stapf
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Fangmiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at PKU, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Donna J Calu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Alizamini MM, Li Y, Zhang JJ, Liang J, Haghparast A. Endocannabinoids and addiction memory: Relevance to methamphetamine/morphine abuse. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:743-763. [PMID: 35137652 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2022.2039408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM This review aims to summarise the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS), incluing cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous lipid ligands in the modulation of methamphetamine (METH)/morphine-induced memory impairments. METHODS Here, we utilized the results from researches which have investigated regulatory role of ECS (including cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists) on METH/morphine-induced memory impairments. RESULTS Among the neurotransmitters, glutamate and dopamine seem to play a critical role in association with the ECS to heal the drug-induced memory damages. Also, the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex are three important brain regions that participate in both drug addiction and memory task processes, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission have been investigated. CONCLUSION ECS can be regarded as a treatment for the side effects of METH and morphine, and their memory-impairing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirmohammadali Mirramezani Alizamini
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of evidence has implicated the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the acute, chronic, and withdrawal effects of alcohol/ethanol on synaptic function. These eCB-mediated synaptic effects may contribute to the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol exposure causes neurobiological alterations similar to those elicited by chronic cannabinoid (CB) exposure. Like alcohol, cannabinoids alter many central processes, such as cognition, locomotion, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitter release. There is a strong need to elucidate the effects of ethanol on the eCB system in different brain regions to understand the role of eCB signaling in AUD. SEARCH METHODS For the scope of this review, preclinical studies were identified through queries of the PubMed database. SEARCH RESULTS This search yielded 459 articles. Clinical studies and papers irrelevant to the topic of this review were excluded. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The endocannabinoid system includes, but is not limited to, cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1), among the most abundantly expressed neuronal receptors in the brain; cannabinoid receptors 2 (CB2); and endogenously formed CB1 ligands, including arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA; anandamide), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The development of specific CB1 agonists, such as WIN 55,212-2 (WIN), and antagonists, such as SR 141716A (rimonabant), provide powerful pharmacological tools for eCB research. Alcohol exposure has brain region-specific effects on the eCB system, including altering the synthesis of endocannabinoids (e.g., AEA, 2-AG), the synthesis of their precursors, and the density and coupling efficacy of CB1. These alcohol-induced alterations of the eCB system have subsequent effects on synaptic function including neuronal excitability and postsynaptic conductance. This review will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current literature on the synaptic interactions of alcohol exposure and eCB signaling systems, with an emphasis on molecular and physiological synaptic effects of alcohol on the eCB system. A limited volume of studies has focused on the underlying interactions of alcohol and the eCB system at the synaptic level in the brain. Thus, the data on synaptic interactions are sparse, and future research addressing these interactions is much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Wolfe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Valentina Vozella
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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Chang HA, Dai W, Hu SSJ. Sex differences in cocaine-associated memory: The interplay between CB 1, mGluR5, and estradiol. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105366. [PMID: 34419761 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We know surprisingly little about the sex differences in the neurobiology of cocaine addiction, except females are more susceptible to the rewarding effects of cocaine than their male counterparts. Only a handful of recent studies have examined the neurobiology of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) memory among female rodents. We contribute to this emerging line of research by documenting sex differences in cocaine-associated memory and illustrating the underlying signaling pathways in five experiments. Rimonabant (Rim), a cannabinoid CB1 antagonist and inverse agonist, exerted a facilitating effect for low-dose cocaine and an impairing effect for high-dose cocaine CPP memory in male mice, as in our previous study, but not in female mice. Nor did we observe the effect exist among CB1 knockout male mice, which indicated that the CB1 receptors played a mediating role. We also found that the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) was located in the same signaling pathway as CB1 in male mice. To clarify the mechanisms behind the sex differences, we used ovariectomized (OVX) female mice with estradiol benzoate (EB) replacement. In the OVX female mice, we showed that Rim-alone and EB-alone, but not Rim-and-EB-combined, facilitated the low-dose cocaine CPP memory. Moreover, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT), an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, blocked Rim's and EB's facilitating effect. Finally, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP), an mGluR5 antagonist, partially blocked EB's facilitating effect. In sum, we identified sex-specific effects of Rim on cocaine-induced CPP memory and the respective signaling pathways: mGluR5-CB1 for male mice and ER-mGluR5-CB1 for female mice. These findings may have merits for the development of sex-specific treatment for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Ai Chang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wen Dai
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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7
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Rodríguez-Soacha DA, Fender J, Ramírez YA, Collado JA, Muñoz E, Maitra R, Sotriffer C, Lorenz K, Decker M. "Photo-Rimonabant": Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Photoswitchable Molecules Derived from Rimonabant Lead to a Highly Selective and Nanomolar " Cis-On" CB 1R Antagonist. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1632-1647. [PMID: 33856764 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cannabinoid receptor type 1 (hCB1R) plays important roles in the regulation of appetite and development of addictive behaviors. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, photocharacterization, molecular docking, and in vitro characterization of "photo-rimonabant", i.e., azo-derivatives of the selective hCB1R antagonist SR1411716A (rimonabant). By applying azo-extension strategies, we yielded compound 16a, which shows marked affinity for CB1R (Ki (cis form) = 29 nM), whose potency increases by illumination with ultraviolet light (CB1R Kitrans/cis ratio = 15.3). Through radioligand binding, calcium mobilization, and cell luminescence assays, we established that 16a is highly selective for hCB1R over hCB2R. These selective antagonists can be valuable molecular tools for optical modulation of CBRs and better understanding of disorders associated with the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Rodríguez-Soacha
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Fender
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yesid A. Ramírez
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Departmento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Icesi, 760031 Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Juan Antonio Collado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Avda Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Discovery Science and Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2194, United States
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften—ISAS e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Decker
- Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Takamura Y, Kakuta H. In Vivo Receptor Visualization and Evaluation of Receptor Occupancy with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2021; 64:5226-5251. [PMID: 33905258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is useful for noninvasive in vivo visualization of disease-related receptors, for evaluation of receptor occupancy to determine an appropriate drug dosage, and for proof-of-concept of drug candidates in translational research. For these purposes, the specificity of the PET tracer for the target receptor is critical. Here, we review work in this area, focusing on the chemical structures of reported PET tracers, their Ki/Kd values, and the physical properties relevant to target receptor selectivity. Among these physical properties, such as cLogP, cLogD, molecular weight, topological polar surface area, number of hydrogen bond donors, and pKa, we focus especially on LogD and LogP as important physical properties that can be easily compared across a range of studies. We discuss the success of PET tracers in evaluating receptor occupancy and consider likely future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takamura
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakuta
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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9
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Khan N, Laudermilk L, Ware J, Rosa T, Mathews K, Gay E, Amato G, Maitra R. Peripherally Selective CB1 Receptor Antagonist Improves Symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome in Mice. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:757-764. [PMID: 33860199 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder that stems from the additive effects of multiple underlying causes such as obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic low-grade inflammation. The endocannabinoid system plays a central role in appetite regulation, energy balance, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function. The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) antagonist SR141716A (rimonabant) showed promising antiobesity effects, but its use was discontinued due to adverse psychiatric events in some users. These adverse effects are due to antagonism of CB1R in the central nervous system (CNS). As such, CNS-sparing CB1R antagonists are presently being developed for various indications. In this study, we report that a recently described compound, 3-{1-[8-(2-chlorophenyl)-9-(4-chlorophenyl)-9H-purin-6-yl]piperidin-4-yl}-1-[6-(difluoromethoxy)pyridin-3-yl]urea (RTI1092769), a pyrazole based weak inverse agonist/antagonist of CB1 with very limited brain exposure, improves MetS related complications. Treatment with RTI1092769 inhibited weight gain and improved glucose utilization in obese mice maintained on a high fat diet. Hepatic triglyceride content and steatosis significantly improved with treatment. These phenotypes were supported by improvement in several biomarkers associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). These results reinforce the idea that CB1 antagonists with limited brain exposure should be pursued for MetS and other important indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayaab Khan
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Lucas Laudermilk
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Jalen Ware
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Taylor Rosa
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kelly Mathews
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Elaine Gay
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - George Amato
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Rangan Maitra
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
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10
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Hurel I, Muguruza C, Redon B, Marsicano G, Chaouloff F. Cannabis and exercise: Effects of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on preference and motivation for wheel-running in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110117. [PMID: 32971218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent surveys have revealed close links between cannabis and exercise. Specifically, cannabis usage before and/or after exercise is an increasingly common habit primarily aimed at boosting exercise pleasure, motivation, and performance whilst facilitating post-exercise recovery. However, whether these beliefs reflect the true impact of cannabis on these aspects of exercise is unknown. This study has thus examined the effects of cannabis' main psychoactive ingredient, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on (i) mouse wheel-running preference and performance and (ii) running motivation and seeking behaviour. Wheel-running preference and performance were investigated using a T-maze with free and locked wheels located at the extremity of either arm. Running motivation and seeking were assessed by a cued-running operant task wherein wheel-running was conditioned by nose poking. Moreover, because THC targets cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, i.e. receptors previously documented to control running motivation, this study also assessed the role of these receptors in running preference, performance, and craving-like behaviour. Whilst acute blockade or genetic deletion of CB1 receptors decreased running preference and performance in the T-maze, THC proved ineffective on either variable. The failure of THC to affect running variables in the T-maze extended to running motivation, as assessed by cued-running under a progressive ratio (PR) reinforcement schedule. This ineffectiveness of THC was not related to the treatment protocol because it successfully increased motivation for palatable food. Although craving-like behaviour, as indexed by a cue-induced reinstatement of running seeking, was found to depend on CB1 receptors, THC again proved ineffective. Neither running motivation nor running seeking were affected when CB1 receptors were further stimulated by increasing the levels of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. These results, which suggest that the drive for running is insensitive to the acute stimulation of CB1 receptors, raise the hypothesis that cannabis is devoid of effect on exercise motivation. Future investigation using chronic administration of THC, with and without other cannabis ingredients (e.g. cannabidiol), is however required before conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Hurel
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carolina Muguruza
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Spain
| | - Bastien Redon
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Francis Chaouloff
- Endocannabinoids and NeuroAdaptation, NeuroCentre INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France; Université de Bordeaux, 33077 Bordeaux, France.
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11
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Peters KZ, Oleson EB, Cheer JF. A Brain on Cannabinoids: The Role of Dopamine Release in Reward Seeking and Addiction. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a039305. [PMID: 31964646 PMCID: PMC7778214 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa, like all known drugs of abuse, leads to increased dopamine activation within the mesolimbic pathway. Consequent dopamine release within terminal regions of the striatum is a powerful mediator of reward and reinforcement and patterned dopamine release is critical for associative learning processes that are fundamentally involved in addiction. The endocannabinoid system modulates dopamine release at multiple sites, and the receptors, endogenous ligands, and synthetic and metabolic enzymes of the endocannabinoid system may provide key targets for pharmacotherapies to treat disorders of motivation including addiction. Disrupting endocannabinoid signaling decreases drug-induced increases in dopamine release as well those dopamine events evoked by conditioned stimuli during reward seeking. Advances in recording techniques for dopamine are allowing unprecedented examinations of these two interacting systems and elucidating the mechanisms of endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine release in reward and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Z Peters
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Erik B Oleson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, USA
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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12
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Khaleghzadeh‐Ahangar H, Haghparast A. Cannabinoid receptor modulation changes the accumbal neuronal responses to morphine in the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12817. [PMID: 31436887 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the brain reward system. It has been known that most of the drugs of abuse such as opioids and cannabinoids affect the NAc. Although cannabinoids can modulate different stages of morphine encounter such as the reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP), there is no evidence for the NAc neurons' response to prove it. That is why the present study was designed. The procedure was as follows: The rats were entered to CPP by sc 5 mg/kg morphine in three consecutive days. During the extinction period or in the reinstatement phase, icv WIN 55,212-2 (10mM/5 μL dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] 10%) or AM251 (0.5mM/5-μL DMSO 10%) was infused in separate groups. Also, the NAc neurons' response to cannabinoid modulation in reinstatement to morphine was investigated by extracellular single unit recording. As a result, the cannabinoid in the reinstatement phase decreased the NAc neuronal activity. The CB1 receptor inhibition during the extinction period increased the NAc firing rate after ip 1 mg/kg morphine. Also, the inhibition of this receptor in the reinstatement phase increased the NAc neurons' firing rate. The inhibitory effect of cannabinoid on the NAc neuronal activity in the reinstatement has indicated the possible potency of cannabinoid to induce reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP alone and in the absence of a priming dose of morphine. Also, the different effects of the CB1 agonist during the extinction period in the reinstatement phase suggest different mechanisms underlying these two parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khaleghzadeh‐Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute Babol University of Medical Sciences Babol Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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13
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The role of cannabinoid 1 receptor in the nucleus accumbens on tramadol induced conditioning and reinstatement. Life Sci 2020; 260:118430. [PMID: 32931800 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Previous investigations demonstrated that tramadol, as a painkiller, similar to morphine induces tolerance and dependence. Furthermore, the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) located in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays a critical role in morphine-induced conditioning. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the role of NAc CB1R in tramadol induced conditioning and reinstatement. MAIN METHODS In the present experiment, the effect of NAc CB1 receptors on tramadol induced conditioning was tested by microinjecting of arachidonylcyclopropylamide (ACPA, CB1R agonist) and AM 251 (CB1R inverse agonist) in the NAc during tramadol-induced conditioning in the adult male Wistar rats. In addition, the role of NAc CB1R in the reinstatement was also evaluated by injecting ACPA and AM 251 after a 10-days extinction period. KEY FINDINGS The obtained data revealed that the administration of tramadol (1,2, and 4 mg/kg, ip) dose-dependently produced conditioned place preference (CPP). Moreover, intra-NAc administration of ACPA (0.25, 0.5, and 1 μg/rat) dose-dependently induced conditioning, while the administration of AM-251 (30, 60, and 120 ng/rat) induced a significant aversion. In addition, the administration of a non-effective dose of AM251 during tramadol conditioning inhibited conditioning induced by tramadol. On the other hand, the administration of ACPA after extinction induced a significant reinstatement. Notably, the locomotor activity did not change among groups. SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies have shown that tramadol-induced CPP occurs through μ-opioid receptors. The data obtained in the current study indicated that CB1R located in the NAc is involved in mediating conditioning induced by tramadol. Besides, CB1R also plays a vital role in the reinstatement of tramadol-conditioned animals. It might be due to the effect of opioids on enhancing the level of CB1R.
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14
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Brancato A, Castelli V, Lavanco G, Marino RAM, Cannizzaro C. In utero Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure confers vulnerability towards cognitive impairments and alcohol drinking in the adolescent offspring: Is there a role for neuropeptide Y? J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:663-679. [PMID: 32338122 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120916135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabinoid consumption during pregnancy has been increasing on the wave of the broad-based legalisation of cannabis in Western countries, raising concern about the putative detrimental outcomes on foetal neurodevelopment. Indeed, since the endocannabinoid system regulates synaptic plasticity, emotional and cognitive processes from early stages of life interfering with it and other excitability endogenous modulators, such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), might contribute to the occurrence of a vulnerable phenotype later in life. AIMS This research investigated whether in utero exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) may induce deficits in emotional/cognitive processes and alcohol vulnerability in adolescent offspring. NPY and excitatory postsynaptic density (PSD) machinery were measured as markers of neurobiological vulnerability. METHODS Following in utero THC exposure (2 mg/kg delivered subcutaneously), preadolescent male rat offspring were assessed for: behavioural reactivity in the open field test, neutral declarative memory and aversive limbic memory in the Novel Object and Emotional Object Recognition tests, immunofluorescence for NPY neurons and the PSD proteins Homer-1, 1b/c and 2 in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and nucleus accumbens at adolescence (cohort 1); and instrumental learning, alcohol taking, relapse and conflict behaviour in the operant chamber throughout adolescence until early adulthood (cohort 2). RESULTS In utero THC-exposed adolescent rats showed: (a) increased locomotor activity; (b) no alteration in neutral declarative memory; (c) impaired aversive limbic memory; (d) decreased NPY-positive neurons in limbic regions; (e) region-specific variations in Homer-1, 1b/c and 2 immunoreactivity; (f) decreased instrumental learning and increased alcohol drinking, relapse and conflict behaviour in the operant chamber. CONCLUSION Gestational THC impaired the formation of memory traces when integration between environmental encoding and emotional/motivational processing was required and promoted the development of alcohol-addictive behaviours. The abnormalities in NPY signalling and PSD make-up may represent the common neurobiological background, suggesting new targets for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Castelli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lavanco
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Anna Maria Marino
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother-Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence 'G. D'Alessandro', University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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15
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Azizi F, Fartootzadeh R, Alaei H, Reisi P. Electrophysiological study of the response of ventral tegmental area non-dopaminergic neurons to nicotine after concurrent blockade of orexin receptor-2 and cannabinoid receptors-1. Brain Res 2019; 1719:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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The Potential of Cannabidiol as a Treatment for Psychosis and Addiction: Who Benefits Most? A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8071058. [PMID: 31330972 PMCID: PMC6678854 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of both psychotic disorders and substance use disorders (SUDs). The non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound, cannabidiol (CBD) is a highly promising tool in the treatment of both disorders. Here we review human clinical studies that investigated the efficacy of CBD treatment for schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and their comorbidity. In particular, we examined possible profiles of patients who may benefit the most from CBD treatment. CBD, either as monotherapy or added to regular antipsychotic medication, improved symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, with particularly promising effects in the early stages of illness. A potential biomarker is the level of anandamide in blood. CBD and THC mixtures showed positive effects in reducing short-term withdrawal and craving in cannabis use disorders. Studies on schizophrenia and comorbid substance use are lacking. Future studies should focus on the effects of CBD on psychotic disorders in different stages of illness, together with the effects on comorbid substance use. These studies should use standardized measures to assess cannabis use. In addition, future efforts should be taken to study the relationship between the eCB system, GABA/glutamate, and the immune system to reveal the underlying neurobiology of the effects of CBD.
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17
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Bian Y, Jing Y, Wang L, Ma S, Jun JJ, Xie XQ. Prediction of Orthosteric and Allosteric Regulations on Cannabinoid Receptors Using Supervised Machine Learning Classifiers. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2605-2615. [PMID: 31013097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Designing highly selective compounds to protein subtypes and developing allosteric modulators targeting them are critical considerations to both drug discovery and mechanism studies for cannabinoid receptors. It is challenging but in demand to have classifiers to identify active ligands from inactive or random compounds and distinguish allosteric modulators from orthosteric ligands. In this study, supervised machine learning classifiers were built for two subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. Three types of features, including molecular descriptors, MACCS fingerprints, and ECFP6 fingerprints, were calculated to evaluate the compound sets from diverse aspects. Deep neural networks, as well as conventional machine learning algorithms including support vector machine, naïve Bayes, logistic regression, and ensemble learning, were applied. Their performances on the classification with different types of features were compared and discussed. According to the receiver operating characteristic curves and the calculated metrics, the advantages and drawbacks of each algorithm were investigated. The feature ranking was followed to help extract useful knowledge about critical molecular properties, substructural keys, and circular fingerprints. The extracted features will then facilitate the research on cannabinoid receptors by providing guidance on preferred properties for compound modification and novel scaffold design. Besides using conventional molecular docking studies for compound virtual screening, machine-learning-based decision-making models provide alternative options. This study can be of value to the application of machine learning in the area of drug discovery and compound development.
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18
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Chye Y, Christensen E, Solowij N, Yücel M. The Endocannabinoid System and Cannabidiol's Promise for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:63. [PMID: 30837904 PMCID: PMC6390812 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder is characterized by repeated use of a substance, leading to clinically significant distress, making it a serious public health concern. The endocannabinoid system plays an important role in common neurobiological processes underlying substance use disorder, in particular by mediating the rewarding and motivational effects of substances and substance-related cues. In turn, a number of cannabinoid drugs (e.g., rimonabant, nabiximols) have been suggested for potential pharmacological treatment for substance dependence. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, has also been proposed as a potentially effective treatment for the management of substance use disorder. Animal and human studies suggest that these cannabinoids have the potential to reduce craving and relapse in abstinent substance users, by impairing reconsolidation of drug-reward memory, salience of drug cues, and inhibiting the reward-facilitating effect of drugs. Such functions likely arise through the targeting of the endocannabinoid and serotonergic systems, although the exact mechanism is yet to be elucidated. This article seeks to review the role of the endocannabinoid system in substance use disorder and the proposed pharmacological action supporting cannabinoid drugs' therapeutic potential in addictions, with a focus on CBD. Subsequently, this article will evaluate the underlying evidence for CBD as a potential treatment for substance use disorder, across a range of substances including nicotine, alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids, and cannabis. While early research supports CBD's promise, further investigation and validation of CBD's efficacy, across preclinical and clinical trials will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Chye
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erynn Christensen
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nadia Solowij
- School of Psychology and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,The Australian Centre for Cannabinoid Clinical and Research Excellence, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Hirvonen J, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Gorelick DA, Lyoo CH, Rallis-Frutos D, Morse C, Zoghbi SS, Pike VW, Volkow ND, Huestis MA, Innis RB. Decreased Cannabinoid CB 1 Receptors in Male Tobacco Smokers Examined With Positron Emission Tomography. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:715-721. [PMID: 30121138 PMCID: PMC6388688 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed reduction of brain cannabinoid CB1 receptors in adults with cannabis and alcohol use disorders. Preclinical data suggest that these receptors also contribute to nicotine reward and dependence. Tobacco smoking may confound clinical studies of psychiatric disorders because many patients with such disorders smoke tobacco. Whether human subjects who smoke tobacco but are otherwise healthy have altered CB1 receptor binding in brain is unknown. METHODS We measured CB1 receptors in brains of 18 healthy men who smoke tobacco (frequent chronic cigarette smokers), and 28 healthy men who do not smoke tobacco, using positron emission tomography and [18F]FMPEP-d2, a radioligand for CB1 receptors. We collected arterial blood samples during scanning to calculate the distribution volume (VT), which is nearly proportional to CB1 receptor density. Repeated-measures analysis of variance compared VT between groups in various brain regions. RESULTS Brain CB1 receptor VT was about 20% lower in subjects who smoke tobacco than in subjects who do not. Decreased VT was found in all brain regions, but reduction did not correlate with years of smoking, number of cigarettes smoked per day, or measures of nicotine dependence. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco-smoking healthy men have a widespread reduction of CB1 receptor density in brain. Reduction of CB1 receptors appears to be a common feature of substance use disorders. Future clinical studies on the CB1 receptor should control for tobacco smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Hirvonen
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Radiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - David A. Gorelick
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Denise Rallis-Frutos
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Cheryl Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Sami S. Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health
| | - Marilyn A. Huestis
- Chemistry and Drug Metabolism Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health,,Lambert Center for the Study of Medicinal Cannabis and Hemp, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert B. Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
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20
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Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Khodagholi F, Shaerzadeh F, Haghparast A. Modulatory role of the intra-accumbal CB1 receptor in protein level of the c-fos and pCREB/CREB ratio in the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area in extinction and morphine seeking in the rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:320-327. [PMID: 30170186 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain reward and motivation circuit begin from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) that its dopaminergic terminals project to various regions of the brain including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). This reward circuit is influenced by drugs of abuse such as morphine and cannabinoid. The present study tried to investigate the role of the intra-accumbal CB1 receptor in the c-fos level and pCREB/CREB ratio in the NAc and the VTA during reinstatement phase of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) by western blotting. The present data reveals that intra-accumbal administration of CB1 agonist, WIN55,212-2 (0.5, 1 and 2 mM/0.5 μl DMSO) before/during extinction period of morphine-induced CPP, significantly decreased the NAc and the VTA c-fos protein level in the reinstatement phase; whereas the pre-reinstatement administration of the CB1 agonist, increased the c-fos protein level. Intra-accumbal administration of the CB1 agonist during the extinction period of morphine-induced CPP reduced the pCREB/CREB ratio in the NAc. Also, the present data show that intra-accumbal administration of CB1 antagonist, AM251 (15, 45 and 90 μM/0.5 μl DMSO) during/after extinction period of morphine-induced CPP affects the NAc and the VTA c-fos protein level in the reinstatement phase. Also, intra-NAc microinjection of AM251 during the extinction period reduced pCREB/CREB ratio in these regions. In conclusion, the results presented here provide compelling evidence of the modulation and involvement of the c-fos and the CREB molecules in the cannabinoid-opioid interaction of the brain reward system in the CPP paradigm.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug-Seeking Behavior/drug effects
- Drug-Seeking Behavior/physiology
- Extinction, Psychological/drug effects
- Extinction, Psychological/physiology
- Male
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Morphine Dependence/metabolism
- Morpholines/pharmacology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Narcotics/pharmacology
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Ventral Tegmental Area/drug effects
- Ventral Tegmental Area/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine and McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Expression and localization of CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH in the vervet monkey nucleus accumbens. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8689. [PMID: 29875385 PMCID: PMC5989267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive rodent literature suggests that the endocannabinoid (eCB) system present in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) modulates dopamine (DA) release in this area. However, expression patterns of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), the synthesizing enzyme N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), and the degradation enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in the NAc have not yet been described in non-human primates. The goal of this study is therefore to characterize the expression and localization of the eCB system within the NAc of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus) using Western blots and immunohistochemistry. Results show that CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are expressed across the NAc rostrocaudal axis, both in the core and shell. CB1R, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH are localized in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons (FSIs). Dopaminergic projections and astrocytes did not express CB1R, NAPE-PLD, or FAAH. These data show that the eCB system is present in the vervet monkey NAc and supports its role in the primate brain reward circuit.
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Namba MD, Tomek SE, Olive MF, Beckmann JS, Gipson CD. The Winding Road to Relapse: Forging a New Understanding of Cue-Induced Reinstatement Models and Their Associated Neural Mechanisms. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29479311 PMCID: PMC5811475 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In drug addiction, cues previously associated with drug use can produce craving and frequently trigger the resumption of drug taking in individuals vulnerable to relapse. Environmental stimuli associated with drugs or natural reinforcers can become reliably conditioned to increase behavior that was previously reinforced. In preclinical models of addiction, these cues enhance both drug self-administration and reinstatement of drug seeking. In this review, we will dissociate the roles of conditioned stimuli as reinforcers from their modulatory or discriminative functions in producing drug-seeking behavior. As well, we will examine possible differences in neurobiological encoding underlying these functional differences. Specifically, we will discuss how models of drug addiction and relapse should more systematically evaluate these different types of stimuli to better understand the neurobiology underlying craving and relapse. In this way, behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions may be better tailored to promote drug use cessation outcomes and long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Seven E. Tomek
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Joshua S. Beckmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Cassandra D. Gipson
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Panlilio LV, Justinova Z. Preclinical Studies of Cannabinoid Reward, Treatments for Cannabis Use Disorder, and Addiction-Related Effects of Cannabinoid Exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:116-141. [PMID: 28845848 PMCID: PMC5719102 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use has become increasingly accepted socially and legally, for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Without reliable information about the effects of cannabis, people cannot make informed decisions regarding its use. Like alcohol and tobacco, cannabis can have serious adverse effects on health, and some people have difficulty discontinuing their use of the drug. Many cannabis users progress to using and becoming addicted to other drugs, but the reasons for this progression are unclear. The natural cannabinoid system of the brain is complex and involved in many functions, including brain development, reward, emotion, and cognition. Animal research provides an objective and controlled means of obtaining information about: (1) how cannabis affects the brain and behavior, (2) whether medications can be developed to treat cannabis use disorder, and (3) whether cannabis might produce lasting changes in the brain that increase the likelihood of becoming addicted to other drugs. This review explains the tactics used to address these issues, evaluates the progress that has been made, and offers some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh V Panlilio
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zuzana Justinova
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Silva AAF, Barbosa-Souza E, Confessor-Carvalho C, Silva RRR, De Brito ACL, Cata-Preta EG, Silva Oliveira T, Berro LF, Oliveira-Lima AJ, Marinho EAV. Context-dependent effects of rimonabant on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in female mice. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:317-324. [PMID: 28837947 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant has been previously found to prevent behavioral effects of drugs of abuse in a context-dependent manner, suggesting an important role of endocannabinoid signaling in drug-induced environmental conditioning. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of rimonabant on ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in female mice. METHODS Animals were conditioned with saline or ethanol (1.8g/kg) during 8 sessions, and subsequently treated with either saline or rimonabant (1 or 10mg/kg) in the CPP environment previously associated with saline (unpaired) or ethanol (paired) for 6 consecutive days. Animals were then challenged with ethanol (1.8g/kg) in the ethanol-paired environment and ethanol-induced CPP was quantified on the following day. RESULTS While treatment with 1mg/kg rimonabant in the saline-associated environment had no effects on the subsequent expression of ethanol-induced CPP, it blocked the expression of CPP to ethanol when paired to the ethanol-associated environment. When given in the ethanol-paired environment, 10mg/kg rimonabant induced aversion to the ethanol-associated environment. The same aversion effect was observed for 10mg/kg rimonabant when given in the saline-associated environment, thereby potentiating the expression of ethanol-induced CPP. Importantly, rimonabant did not induce CPP or conditioned place aversion on its own. Controlling for the estrous cycle phase showed no influences of hormonal cycle on the development and expression of ethanol-induced CPP. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that rimonabant reduces the rewarding properties of ethanol by abolishing drug-environment conditioning in the CPP paradigm in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A F Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Barbosa-Souza
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Cassio Confessor-Carvalho
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Raiany R R Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina L De Brito
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Elisangela G Cata-Preta
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Silva Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lais F Berro
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
| | - Alexandre J Oliveira-Lima
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A V Marinho
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 16, 45662-0, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
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25
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Otten R, Mun CJ, Dishion TJ. The social exigencies of the gateway progression to the use of illicit drugs from adolescence into adulthood. Addict Behav 2017; 73:144-150. [PMID: 28511099 PMCID: PMC6946384 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited empirical integration between peer clustering theory and the Gateway framework. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that friendship associations partly predict gateway escalations in the use of drugs from adolescence to adulthood. METHOD This longitudinal study analyzed 3 waves of data from a community sample of 711 male and female participants without a history of illicit drug use reporting drug use at age 17, 22, and 27. Substance use assessments including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, onset and abuse/dependence tendency of illicit drugs other than cannabis (i.e., cocaine, methamphetamine, and opiates), and friends' reported use of illicit drugs. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model. RESULTS Participants' cannabis use level at age 17 was positively associated with perceived friends' drug use at age 22, which in turn predicted participants' onset of illicit drug use between ages 22 and 27. Moreover, progression of tobacco use throughout age 17 to 22 was associated with an increased onset of illicit drug use between ages 22 and 27. Apart for an effect of cannabis use at age 22 on abuse and dependence tendency to various drugs at age 28, results were similar. CONCLUSIONS During this period of development, the availability and selection of drug-using friends contributes to the progression to potentially more rewarding and damaging illicit drugs. These findings suggest the need to attend to the peer ecology in prevention and support the common practice of using abstaining peers in treatment for drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Otten
- Pluryn, Research & Development, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; ASU REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Chung Jung Mun
- ASU REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas J Dishion
- ASU REACH Institute, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
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Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Haghparast A. Intra-accumbal Cannabinoid Agonist Attenuated Reinstatement but not Extinction Period of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference; Evidence for Different Characteristics of Extinction Period and Reinstatement. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:3321-3330. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2374-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Amancio-Belmont O, Pérez-Vázquez D, Ruiz-Contreras AE, Pérez de la Mora M, Rueda-Orozco PE, Méndez-Díaz M, Prospero-Garcia OE. Chloramphenicol decreases CB1 receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex and prevents amphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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A Highly Polymorphic Copy Number Variant in the NSF Gene is Associated with Cocaine Dependence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31033. [PMID: 27498889 PMCID: PMC4976312 DOI: 10.1038/srep31033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine dependence is a complex psychiatric disorder involving both genetic and environmental factors. Several neurotransmitter systems mediate cocaine’s effects, dependence and relapse, being the components of the neurotransmitter release machinery good candidates for the disorder. Previously, we identified a risk haplotype for cocaine dependence in the NSF gene, encoding the protein N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor essential for synaptic vesicle turnover. Here we examined the possible contribution to cocaine dependence of a large copy number variant (CNV) that encompasses part of the NSF gene. We performed a case-control association study in a discovery sample (359 cases and 356 controls) and identified an association between cocaine dependence and the CNV (P = 0.013), that was confirmed in the replication sample (508 cases and 569 controls, P = 7.1e-03) and in a pooled analysis (P = 1.8e-04), with an over-representation of low number of copies in cases. Subsequently, we studied the functional impact of the CNV on gene expression and found that the levels of two NSF transcripts were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) along with the number of copies of the CNV. These results, together with a previous study from our group, support the role of NSF in the susceptibility to cocaine dependence.
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Gueye AB, Pryslawsky Y, Trigo JM, Poulia N, Delis F, Antoniou K, Loureiro M, Laviolette SR, Vemuri K, Makriyannis A, Le Foll B. The CB1 Neutral Antagonist AM4113 Retains the Therapeutic Efficacy of the Inverse Agonist Rimonabant for Nicotine Dependence and Weight Loss with Better Psychiatric Tolerability. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw068. [PMID: 27493155 PMCID: PMC5203757 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies suggest a pivotal role of the endocannabinoid system in regulating the reinforcing effects of various substances of abuse. Rimonabant, a CB1 inverse agonist found to be effective for smoking cessation, was associated with an increased risk of anxiety and depression. Here we evaluated the effects of the CB1 neutral antagonist AM4113 on the abuse-related effects of nicotine and its effects on anxiety and depressive-like behavior in rats. METHODS Rats were trained to self-administer nicotine under a fixed-ratio 5 or progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement. A control group was trained to self-administer food. The acute/chronic effects of AM4113 pretreatment were evaluated on nicotine taking, motivation for nicotine, and cue-, nicotine priming- and yohimbine-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking. The effects of AM4113 in the basal firing and bursting activity of midbrain dopamine neurons were evaluated in a separate group of animals treated with nicotine. Anxiety/depression-like effects of AM4113 and rimonabant were evaluated 24h after chronic (21 days) pretreatment (0, 1, 3, and 10mg/kg, 1/d). RESULTS AM4113 significantly attenuated nicotine taking, motivation for nicotine, as well as cue-, priming- and stress-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. These effects were accompanied by a decrease of the firing and burst rates in the ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons in response to nicotine. On the other hand, AM4113 pretreatment did not have effects on operant responding for food. Importantly, AM4113 did not have effects on anxiety and showed antidepressant-like effects. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AM4113 could be a promising therapeutic option for the prevention of relapse to nicotine-seeking while lacking anxiety/depression-like side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory (Dr Gueye, Mr Pryslawsky, Dr Trigo, and Dr Le Foll), Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments (Dr Le Foll), and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (Dr Le Foll), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Psychiatry, Division of Brain and Therapeutics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Dr Le Foll); Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Dr Le Foll); Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Greece (Ms Poulia and Drs Delis and Antoniou); Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada (Drs Loureiro and Laviolette); Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA (Drs Vemuri and Makriyannis).
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Blockade of Nicotine and Cannabinoid Reinforcement and Relapse by a Cannabinoid CB1-Receptor Neutral Antagonist AM4113 and Inverse Agonist Rimonabant in Squirrel Monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2283-93. [PMID: 26888056 PMCID: PMC4946059 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine, the main psychoactive component of tobacco, and (-)-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, play major roles in tobacco and marijuana dependence as reinforcers of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior. Drugs that act as inverse agonists of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the brain can attenuate the rewarding and abuse-related effects of nicotine and THC, but their clinical use is hindered by potentially serious side effects. The recently developed CB1-receptor neutral antagonists may provide an alternative therapeutic approach to nicotine and cannabinoid dependence. Here we compare attenuation of nicotine and THC reinforcement and reinstatement in squirrel monkeys by the CB1-receptor inverse agonist rimonabant and by the recently developed CB1-receptor neutral antagonist AM4113. Both rimonabant and AM4113 reduced two effects of nicotine and THC that play major roles in tobacco and marijuana dependence: (1) maintenance of high rates of drug-taking behavior, and (2) priming- or cue-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in abstinent subjects (models of relapse). In contrast, neither rimonabant nor AM4113 modified cocaine-reinforced or food-reinforced operant behavior under similar experimental conditions. However, both rimonabant and AM4113 reduced cue-induced reinstatement in monkeys trained to self-administer cocaine, suggesting the involvement of a common cannabinoid-mediated mechanism in the cue-induced reinstatement for different drugs of abuse. These findings point to CB1-receptor neutral antagonists as a new class of medications for treatment of both tobacco dependence and cannabis dependence.
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Martín-García E, Bourgoin L, Cathala A, Kasanetz F, Mondesir M, Gutiérrez-Rodriguez A, Reguero L, Fiancette JF, Grandes P, Spampinato U, Maldonado R, Piazza PV, Marsicano G, Deroche-Gamonet V. Differential Control of Cocaine Self-Administration by GABAergic and Glutamatergic CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2192-205. [PMID: 26612422 PMCID: PMC4946049 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) modulates numerous neurobehavioral processes and is therefore explored as a target for the treatment of several mental and neurological diseases. However, previous studies have investigated CB1 by targeting it globally, regardless of its two main neuronal localizations on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. In the context of cocaine addiction this lack of selectivity is critical since glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal transmission is involved in different aspects of the disease. To determine whether CB1 exerts different control on cocaine seeking according to its two main neuronal localizations, we used mutant mice with deleted CB1 in cortical glutamatergic neurons (Glu-CB1) or in forebrain GABAergic neurons (GABA-CB1). In Glu-CB1, gene deletion concerns the dorsal telencephalon, including neocortex, paleocortex, archicortex, hippocampal formation and the cortical portions of the amygdala. In GABA-CB1, it concerns several cortical and non-cortical areas including the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, thalamic, and hypothalamic nuclei. We tested complementary components of cocaine self-administration, separating the influence of primary and conditioned effects. Mechanisms underlying each phenotype were explored using in vivo microdialysis and ex vivo electrophysiology. We show that CB1 expression in forebrain GABAergic neurons controls mouse sensitivity to cocaine, while CB1 expression in cortical glutamatergic neurons controls associative learning processes. In accordance, in the nucleus accumbens, GABA-CB1 receptors control cocaine-induced dopamine release and Glu-CB1 receptors control AMPAR/NMDAR ratio; a marker of synaptic plasticity. Our findings demonstrate a critical distinction of the altered balance of Glu-CB1 and GABA-CB1 activity that could participate in the vulnerability to cocaine abuse and addiction. Moreover, these novel insights advance our understanding of CB1 neuropathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martín-García
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucie Bourgoin
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Adeline Cathala
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fernando Kasanetz
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miguel Mondesir
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Leire Reguero
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Jean- François Fiancette
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pedro Grandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain,Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Zamudio, Spain
| | - Umberto Spampinato
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pier Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giovanni Marsicano
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,INSERM U862, Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Deroche-Gamonet
- INSERM U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France,University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France,CRI U862, Pathophysiology of Addiction, Neurocentre Magendie, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33077, France, Tel: +33 5 57 57 36 80, Fax: +33 5 57 57 36 69, E-mail:
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Covey DP, Bunner KD, Schuweiler DR, Cheer JF, Garris PA. Amphetamine elevates nucleus accumbens dopamine via an action potential-dependent mechanism that is modulated by endocannabinoids. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:1661-73. [PMID: 27038339 PMCID: PMC5819353 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The reinforcing effects of abused drugs are mediated by their ability to elevate nucleus accumbens dopamine. Amphetamine (AMPH) was historically thought to increase dopamine by an action potential-independent, non-exocytotic type of release called efflux, involving reversal of dopamine transporter function and driven by vesicular dopamine depletion. Growing evidence suggests that AMPH also acts by an action potential-dependent mechanism. Indeed, fast-scan cyclic voltammetry demonstrates that AMPH activates dopamine transients, reward-related phasic signals generated by burst firing of dopamine neurons and dependent on intact vesicular dopamine. Not established for AMPH but indicating a shared mechanism, endocannabinoids facilitate this activation of dopamine transients by broad classes of abused drugs. Here, using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry coupled to pharmacological manipulations in awake rats, we investigated the action potential and endocannabinoid dependence of AMPH-induced elevations in nucleus accumbens dopamine. AMPH increased the frequency, amplitude and duration of transients, which were observed riding on top of slower dopamine increases. Surprisingly, silencing dopamine neuron firing abolished all AMPH-induced dopamine elevations, identifying an action potential-dependent origin. Blocking cannabinoid type 1 receptors prevented AMPH from increasing transient frequency, similar to reported effects on other abused drugs, but not from increasing transient duration and inhibiting dopamine uptake. Thus, AMPH elevates nucleus accumbens dopamine by eliciting transients via cannabinoid type 1 receptors and promoting the summation of temporally coincident transients, made more numerous, larger and wider by AMPH. Collectively, these findings are inconsistent with AMPH eliciting action potential-independent dopamine efflux and vesicular dopamine depletion, and support endocannabinoids facilitating phasic dopamine signalling as a common action in drug reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan P. Covey
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kendra D. Bunner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Douglas R. Schuweiler
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, 210 Julian Hall, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul A. Garris
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, 210 Julian Hall, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA
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Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enhances cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1815-22. [PMID: 26490035 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4117-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Tobacco smoking is still a major population health issue. The endocannabinoid system has been shown to control drug-seeking behaviors. There are two main endocannabinoids: anandamide degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). OBJECTIVES The role of MAGL has only been explored recently, and so far, no study have been performed to evaluate the effects of MAGL inhibitor on nicotine reinforcing properties and cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking. METHODS Here, we investigated the effects of the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 on nicotine self-administration under fixed and progressive-ratio schedules of reinforcement and on cue-induced reinstatement of nicotine seeking in mice. We also evaluated the effects of JZL184 on food self-administration for possible non-specific effects. RESULTS JZL184 (0, 8, and 16 mg/kg) did not affect food taking, nicotine taking, or motivation for nicotine. MAGL inhibition by JZL184 (16 mg/kg) increased reinstatement of previously extinguished nicotine seeking induced by presentation of nicotine-associated cues, but did not produce reinstatement on its own. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates involvement of 2-AG in nicotine-seeking behaviors.
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Panlilio LV, Justinova Z, Trigo JM, Le Foll B. Screening Medications for the Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 126:87-120. [PMID: 27055612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis use has been increasingly accepted legally and in public opinion. However, cannabis has the potential to produce adverse physical and mental health effects, and cannabis use disorder (CUD) occurs in a substantial percentage of both occasional and daily cannabis users. Many people have difficulty discontinuing use despite receiving treatment. Therefore, it would be beneficial to develop safe and effective medications for treating CUD. To achieve this, methods have been developed for screening and evaluating potential medications using animal models and controlled experimental protocols in human volunteers. In this chapter, we describe: (1) animal models available for assessing the effect of potential medications on specific aspects of CUD, (2) the main findings obtained so far with these animal models, (3) the approaches used to assess potential medications in humans in laboratory experiments and clinical trials, and (4) the effectiveness of several potential pharmacotherapies on particular aspects of CUD modeled in these human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Panlilio
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Z Justinova
- Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - J M Trigo
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - B Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada; Addiction Medicine Service, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Pyrazole antagonists of the CB1 receptor with reduced brain penetration. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1063-70. [PMID: 26827137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) antagonists might be useful for treating obesity, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and dyslipidemias. Unfortunately, inhibition of CB1 in the central nervous system (CNS) produces adverse effects, including depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation in some patients, which led to withdrawal of the pyrazole inverse agonist rimonabant (SR141716A) from European markets. Efforts are underway to produce peripherally selective CB1 antagonists to circumvent CNS-associated adverse effects. In this study, novel analogs of rimonabant (1) were explored in which the 1-aminopiperidine group was switched to a 4-aminopiperidine, attached at the 4-amino position (5). The piperidine nitrogen was functionalized with carbamates, amides, and sulfonamides, providing compounds that are potent inverse agonists of hCB1 with good selectivity for hCB1 over hCB2. Select compounds were further studied using in vitro models of brain penetration, oral absorption and metabolic stability. Several compounds were identified with predicted minimal brain penetration and good metabolic stability. In vivo pharmacokinetic testing revealed that inverse agonist 8c is orally bioavailable and has vastly reduced brain penetration compared to rimonabant.
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Hernandez G, Cheer JF. To Act or Not to Act: Endocannabinoid/Dopamine Interactions in Decision-Making. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:336. [PMID: 26733830 PMCID: PMC4681836 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is an ethologically adaptive construct that is impaired in multiple psychiatric disorders. Activity within the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system has been traditionally associated with decision-making. The endocannabinoid system through its actions on inhibitory and excitatory synapses modulates dopamine activity and decision-making. The aim of this brief review is to present a synopsis of available data obtained when the endocannabinoid system is manipulated and dopamine activity recorded. To this end, we review research using different behavioral paradigms to provide further insight into how this ubiquitous signaling system biases dopamine-related behaviors to regulate decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Hernandez
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal Montréal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, Maryland, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, Maryland, MD, USA
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Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Haghparast A. Intra-accumbal CB1 receptor blockade reduced extinction and reinstatement of morphine. Physiol Behav 2015; 149:212-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Brain endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling influences the motivation for natural rewards (such as palatable food, sexual activity and social interaction) and modulates the rewarding effects of addictive drugs. Pathological forms of natural and drug-induced reward are associated with dysregulated eCB signalling that may derive from pre-existing genetic factors or from prolonged drug exposure. Impaired eCB signalling contributes to dysregulated synaptic plasticity, increased stress responsivity, negative emotional states and cravings that propel addiction. Understanding the contributions of eCB disruptions to behavioural and physiological traits provides insight into the eCB influence on addiction vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren H Parsons
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York City, New York 10029, USA
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Ramsden CE, Zamora D, Makriyannis A, Wood JT, Mann JD, Faurot KR, MacIntosh BA, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Gross JR, Courville AB, Davis JM, Hibbeln JR. Diet-induced changes in n-3- and n-6-derived endocannabinoids and reductions in headache pain and psychological distress. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2015; 16:707-16. [PMID: 25958314 PMCID: PMC4522350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are biosynthetic precursors of endocannabinoids with antinociceptive, anxiolytic, and neurogenic properties. We recently reported that targeted dietary manipulation-increasing omega-3 fatty acids while reducing omega-6 linoleic acid (the H3-L6 intervention)-reduced headache pain and psychological distress among chronic headache patients. It is not yet known whether these clinical improvements were due to changes in endocannabinoids and related mediators derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. We therefore used data from this trial (N = 55) to investigate 1) whether the H3-L6 intervention altered omega-3- and omega-6-derived endocannabinoids in plasma and 2) whether diet-induced changes in these bioactive lipids were associated with clinical improvements. The H3-L6 intervention significantly increased the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid derivatives 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol (+65%, P < .001) and docosahexaenoylethanolamine (+99%, P < .001) and reduced the omega-6 arachidonic acid derivative 2-arachidonoylglycerol (-25%, P = .001). Diet-induced changes in these endocannabinoid derivatives of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid, but not omega-6 arachidonic acid, correlated with reductions in physical pain and psychological distress. These findings demonstrate that targeted dietary manipulation can alter endocannabinoids derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in humans and suggest that 2-docosahexaenoylglycerol and docosahexaenoylethanolamine could have physical and/or psychological pain modulating properties. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01157208) PERSPECTIVE: This article demonstrates that targeted dietary manipulation can alter endocannabinoids derived from omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and that these changes are related to reductions in headache pain and psychological distress. These findings suggest that dietary interventions could provide an effective, complementary approach for managing chronic pain and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - JodiAnne T Wood
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J Douglas Mann
- Department of Neurology, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Keturah R Faurot
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Beth A MacIntosh
- Nutrition Research and Metabolism Core, North Carolina Translational Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jacklyn R Gross
- Anesthesia Section, Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amber B Courville
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John M Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joseph R Hibbeln
- Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Goodman J, Packard MG. The influence of cannabinoids on learning and memory processes of the dorsal striatum. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 125:1-14. [PMID: 26092091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that the mammalian endocannabinoid system plays an integral role in learning and memory. Our understanding of how cannabinoids influence memory comes predominantly from studies examining cognitive and emotional memory systems mediated by the hippocampus and amygdala, respectively. However, recent evidence suggests that cannabinoids also affect habit or stimulus-response (S-R) memory mediated by the dorsal striatum. Studies implementing a variety of maze tasks in rats indicate that systemic or intra-dorsolateral striatum infusions of cannabinoid receptor agonists or antagonists impair habit memory. In mice, cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor knockdown can enhance or impair habit formation, whereas Δ(9)THC tolerance enhances habit formation. Studies in human cannabis users also suggest an enhancement of S-R/habit memory. A tentative conclusion based on the available data is that acute disruption of the endocannabinoid system with either agonists or antagonists impairs, whereas chronic cannabinoid exposure enhances, dorsal striatum-dependent S-R/habit memory. CB1 receptors are required for multiple forms of striatal synaptic plasticity implicated in memory, including short-term and long-term depression. Interactions with the hippocampus-dependent memory system may also have a role in some of the observed effects of cannabinoids on habit memory. The impairing effect often observed with acute cannabinoid administration argues for cannabinoid-based treatments for human psychopathologies associated with a dysfunctional habit memory system (e.g. post-traumatic stress disorder and drug addiction/relapse). In addition, the enhancing effect of repeated cannabinoid exposure on habit memory suggests a novel neurobehavioral mechanism for marijuana addiction involving the dorsal striatum-dependent memory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarid Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, United States
| | - Mark G Packard
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, United States.
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Hu SSJ, Liu YW, Yu L. Medial prefrontal cannabinoid CB1 receptors modulate consolidation and extinction of cocaine-associated memory in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1803-15. [PMID: 25420608 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are implicated in various forms of learning and memory, including acquisition and reinstatement of cocaine-associated memory. However, roles of CB1 receptors in consolidation and extinction processes of cocaine-associated memory and the brain areas potentially involved remain unknown. OBJECTIVE This study examined the effect of rimonabant, a CB1 receptor antagonist, administered systemically or directly into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) on memory consolidation and extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were trained to acquire cocaine-induced CPP. Rimonabant (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p. or 1.5 μg bilaterally in the mPFC) or vehicle was administered either immediately after each CPP training (consolidation) or forced extinction (extinction) trial. Cocaine-induced CPP was tested after training, extinction, or cocaine priming. RESULTS Systemic or intra-mPFC administration of rimonabant impaired consolidation of CPP induced by a high dose (20 or 40 mg/kg) of cocaine but facilitated that induced by a low dose (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg). Moreover, systemic or intra-mPFC administration of rimonabant enhanced extinction of CPP memory induced by a high-dose (20 mg/kg) cocaine. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that antagonism of CB1 receptors in the mPFC bidirectionally modulates consolidation but facilitates extinction of cocaine-induced CPP memory. Therefore, CB1 receptor blockade with the concomitant extinction behavioral procedure may hint important therapeutic intervention strategies for the heavy cocaine addicts in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry Shu-Jung Hu
- Cannabinoid Signaling Laboratory, Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 70101, Taiwan,
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Hirvonen J. In vivo imaging of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor with positron emission tomography. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 97:565-7. [PMID: 25788235 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) can visualize and quantify receptors and other targets in the living human brain, and recent progress in radioligand development has enabled measurement of cannabinoid type-1 (CB1 ) receptors. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors have been implicated in multiple human diseases, such as obesity, mood disorders, and addiction. First in vivo human studies have shown distinctive spatial and temporal alterations in cannabinoid CB1 receptor binding in addictive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hirvonen
- Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Marinho EAV, Oliveira-Lima AJ, Santos R, Hollais AW, Baldaia MA, Wuo-Silva R, Yokoyama TS, Takatsu-Coleman AL, Patti CL, Longo BM, Berro LF, Frussa-Filho R. Effects of rimonabant on the development of single dose-induced behavioral sensitization to ethanol, morphine and cocaine in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 58:22-31. [PMID: 25496830 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The endocannabinoid system has been implicated in the neurobiological mechanism underlying drug addiction, especially the primary rewarding dopamine-dependent processes. Therefore, endocannabinoid receptor antagonists, such as the CB1 cannabinoid antagonist rimonabant, have been proposed as candidates for preventive addiction therapies. OBJECTIVES Investigate the possible involvement of CB1 receptors in the development of behavioral sensitization to ethanol, morphine and cocaine in mice. METHODS We compared the effects of different doses of rimonabant (0.3, 1, 3 and 10mg/kg) on spontaneous locomotor activity in the open-field, hyperlocomotion induced by acute administration of ethanol (1.8g/kg), morphine (20mg/kg) or cocaine (10mg/kg) and on subsequent drug-induced locomotor sensitization using a two-injection protocol in mice. We also investigated a possible depressive-like effect of an acute rimonabant challenge at the highest dose and its potential anxiogenic property. RESULTS At the highest dose, rimonabant abolished ethanol- and cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion and behavioral sensitization without modifying spontaneous and central locomotor activity or inducing depressive-like behavior on the forced swim test in mice. The other doses of rimonabant also selectively blocked acute ethanol-induced central hyperlocomotion. Although rimonabant at 0.3 and 1mg/kg potentiated the central hyperlocomotion induced by acute morphine injection, it was effective in attenuating morphine-induced behavioral sensitization at all doses. CONCLUSIONS Because the neural basis of behavioral sensitization has been proposed to correspond to some components of addiction, our findings indicate that the endocannabinoid system might be involved in ethanol, cocaine and morphine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A V Marinho
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz - UESC, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | | | - Renan Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André W Hollais
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia A Baldaia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raphael Wuo-Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais S Yokoyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André L Takatsu-Coleman
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilla L Patti
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Longo
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís F Berro
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Frussa-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sagheddu C, Muntoni AL, Pistis M, Melis M. Endocannabinoid Signaling in Motivation, Reward, and Addiction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2015; 125:257-302. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Blanco E, Pavón FJ, Palomino A, Luque-Rojas MJ, Serrano A, Rivera P, Bilbao A, Alen F, Vida M, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization is associated with changes in the expression of endocannabinoid and glutamatergic signaling systems in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu024. [PMID: 25539508 PMCID: PMC4368868 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocannabinoids modulate the glutamatergic excitatory transmission by acting as retrograde messengers. A growing body of studies has reported that both signaling systems in the mesocorticolimbic neural circuitry are involved in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying drug addiction. METHODS We investigated whether the expression of both endocannabinoid and glutamatergic systems in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were altered by an acute and/or repeated cocaine administration schedule that resulted in behavioral sensitization. We measured the protein and mRNA expression of the main endocannabinoid metabolic enzymes and the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). We also analyzed the mRNA expression of relevant components of the glutamate-signaling system, including glutamate-synthesizing enzymes, metabotropic receptors, and ionotropic receptors. RESULTS Although acute cocaine (10 mg/kg) produced no significant changes in the endocannabinoid-related proteins, repeated cocaine administration (20 mg/kg daily) induced a pronounced increase in the CB1 receptor expression. In addition, acute cocaine administration (10 mg/kg) in cocaine-sensitized mice (referred to as cocaine priming) induced a selective increase in the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). These protein changes were accompanied by an overall decrease in the ratios of endocannabinoid synthesis/degradation, especially the N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D/FAAH and diacylglycerol lipase alpha/MAGL ratios. Regarding mRNA expression, while acute cocaine administration produced a decrease in CB1 receptors and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, repeated cocaine treatment enhanced CB1 receptor expression. Cocaine-sensitized mice that were administered priming injections of cocaine mainly displayed an increased FAAH expression. These endocannabinoid changes were associated with modifications in glutamatergic transmission-related genes. An overall decrease was observed in the mRNA expression of the glutamate-synthesizing gene kidney-type glutaminase (KGA), the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR3 and GluR), and subunits of NMDA ionotropic receptors (NR1, NR2A, NR2B and NR2C) after acute cocaine administration, while mice repeatedly exposed to cocaine only displayed an increase in NR2C. However, in cocaine-sensitized mice primed with cocaine, this inhibition was reversed and a strong increase was detected in the mGluR5, NR2 subunits, and both GluR1 and GluR3. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that cocaine sensitization is associated with an endocannabinoid downregulation and a hyperglutamatergic state in the PFC that, overall, contribute to an enhanced glutamatergic input into PFC-projecting areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Palomino
- * These authors contributed equally as first authors
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Drs Blanco, Pavón, Palomino, Luque-Rojas, Serrano, Rivera, Alen, Vida, Suárez, and de Fonseca); Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Dr Blanco); Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (Dr Bilbao).
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance dependence disorder is a chronically relapsing condition characterised by neurobiological changes leading to loss of control in restricting a substance intake, compulsion and withdrawal syndrome. In the past few years, (endo)cannabinoids have been raised as a possible target in the aetiology of drug addiction. On the other hand, although the exact mechanisms of the genesis of addiction remain poorly understood, it is possible that neuroinflammation might also play a role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Studies demonstrated that (endo)cannabinoids act as immunomodulators by inhibiting cytokines production and microglial cell activation. Thus, in the present review, we explore the possible role of neuroinflammation on the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction. METHODS We conducted an evidence-based review of the literature in order to assess the role of cannabinoids on the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of addiction (terms: addiction, cannabinoids and inflammation). We searched PubMed and BioMedCentral databases up to April 2014 with no date restrictions. RESULTS In all, 165 eligible articles were included in the present review. Existing evidence suggests that disruption in cannabinoid signalling during the drug addiction process leads to microglial activation and neuroinflammation. CONCLUSION The literature showed that inflammation and changes in endocannabinod signalling occur in drug abuse; however, it remains uncertain whether these changes are causally or coincidentally associated with addiction. Additional studies, therefore, are needed to elucidate the contribution of neuroinflammation on the behavioural and neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids on drug addiction.
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Le Foll B, Pushparaj A, Pryslawsky Y, Forget B, Vemuri K, Makriyannis A, Trigo JM. Translational strategies for therapeutic development in nicotine addiction: rethinking the conventional bench to bedside approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 52:86-93. [PMID: 24140878 PMCID: PMC4002666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco produces an impressive burden of disease resulting in premature death in half of users. Despite effective smoking cessation medications (nicotine replacement therapies, bupropion and varenicline), there is a very high rate of relapse following quit attempts. The use of efficient strategies for the development of novel treatments is a necessity. A 'bench to bedside strategy' was initially used to develop cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction. Unfortunately, after being tested on experimental animals, what seemed to be an interesting approach for the treatment of nicotine addiction resulted in serious unwanted side effects when tested in humans. Current research is focusing again on pre-clinical models in an effort to eliminate unwanted side effects while preserving the initially observed efficacy. A 'bed side to bench strategy' was used to study the role of the insula (part of the frontal cortex) in nicotine addiction. This line of research started based on clinical observations that patients suffering stroke-induced lesions to the insula showed a greater likelihood to report immediate smoking cessation without craving or relapse. Subsequently, animal models of addiction are used to explore the role of insula in addiction. Due to the inherent limitations existing in clinical versus preclinical studies, the possibility of close interaction between both models seems to be critical for the successful development of novel therapeutic strategies for nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Abhiram Pushparaj
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Yaroslaw Pryslawsky
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Benoit Forget
- Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems, Department of Neuroscience, Pasteur Institute, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Paris 75724, France
| | - Kiran Vemuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115-5005, United States
| | - Jose M Trigo
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
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Oleson EB, Cachope R, Fitoussi A, Cheer JF. Tales from the dark side: do neuromodulators of drug withdrawal require changes in endocannabinoid tone? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 52:17-23. [PMID: 23911441 PMCID: PMC3874071 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Environmental and interoceptive cues are theorized to serve as 'signals' that motivate drug seeking and effects that may be augmented in the withdrawn state. Phasic dopamine release events are observed in the nucleus accumbens in response to such motivational salient stimuli and are thought to be necessary for drug-associated cues to trigger craving. We recently demonstrated how dopamine neurons encode stimuli conditioned to a negative event, as might occur during conditioned withdrawal, and stimuli predicting the avoidance of negative events, as might occur as an addict seeks out drugs to prevent withdrawal. In this review we first discuss how the subsecond dopamine release events might process conditioned withdrawal and drug seeking driven by negative reinforcement processes within the context of our dopamine data obtained during conditioned avoidance procedures. We next describe how the endocannabinoid system modulates phasic dopamine release events and how it might be harnessed to treat negative affective states in addiction. Specifically, we have demonstrated that endocannabinoids in the ventral tegmentum sculpt cue-induced accumbal surges in dopamine release and, therefore, may also be mobilized during drug withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B. Oleson
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. Baltimore MD 21201,University of Colorado Denver, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217
| | - Roger Cachope
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. Baltimore MD 21201
| | - Aurelie Fitoussi
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. Baltimore MD 21201
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, 20 Penn St. Baltimore MD 21201
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De Carvalho CR, Pamplona FA, Cruz JS, Takahashi RN. Endocannabinoids underlie reconsolidation of hedonic memories in Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:1417-25. [PMID: 24247477 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Drug addicts constantly relapse to drug seeking after recall of memories linked to the drug experience. It is believed that a successful application of therapies that block memory reconsolidation may end the continuous cycle of drug relapse. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate whether modulation of the endocannabinoid system would impact the reconsolidation of opioid-related hedonic memories in rats previously paired to morphine context. METHODS Male Wistar rats were trained to acquire a morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP). One week later, morphine-CPP memory was reactivated by a brief exposure to a drug-paired context. Immediately after the memory reactivation session, independent groups of morphine-trained rats received a single subcutaneous injection of different doses of cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant, CB2-selective antagonist AM630, potent CB1/CB2 agonist WIN 55,212-2, inhibitor of enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase URB597, or vehicle. Morphine-CPP was retested 1 and 2 weeks after reactivation. RESULTS Blockade of CB1 (but not CB2) cannabinoid receptors impaired CPP reconsolidation of morphine-CPP at both tests 1 and 2 weeks post-reactivation, whereas direct activation of cannabinoid receptors did not produce significant effects on morphine-induced CPP. However, boosting endocannabinoid signaling by inhibition of anandamide metabolism promoted a transient CB1-dependent enhancement of the CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Ribeiro De Carvalho
- Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário Trindade, 88049-900, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil,
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Hernandez G, Oleson EB, Gentry RN, Abbas Z, Bernstein DL, Arvanitogiannis A, Cheer JF. Endocannabinoids promote cocaine-induced impulsivity and its rapid dopaminergic correlates. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:487-98. [PMID: 24138924 PMCID: PMC3943889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired decision making, a hallmark of addiction, is hypothesized to arise from maladaptive plasticity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway. The endocannabinoid system modulates dopamine activity through activation of cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs). Here, we investigated whether impulsive behavior observed following cocaine exposure requires CB1R activation. METHODS We trained rats in a delay-discounting task. Following acquisition of stable performance, rats were exposed to cocaine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) every other day for 14 days and locomotor activity was measured. Two days later, delay-discounting performance was re-evaluated. To assess reversal of impulsivity, injections of a CB1R antagonist (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle were given 30 minutes before the task. During the second experiment, aimed at preventing impulsivity rather than reversing it, CB1Rs were antagonized before each cocaine injection. In this experiment, subsecond dopamine release was measured in the nucleus accumbens during delay-discounting sessions before and after cocaine treatment. RESULTS Blockade of CB1Rs reversed and prevented cocaine-induced impulsivity. Electrochemical results showed that during baseline and following disruption of endocannabinoid signaling, there was a robust increase in dopamine for immediate large rewards compared with immediate small rewards, but this effect reversed when the delay for the large reward was 10 seconds. In contrast, dopamine release always increased for one-pellet options at minimal or moderate delays in vehicle-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Endocannabinoids play a critical role in changes associated with cocaine exposure. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor blockade may thus counteract maladaptive alterations in afferents to dopamine neurons, thereby preventing changes in dopaminergic activity underlying a loss of self-control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik B. Oleson
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, (Baltimore-Maryland)
| | - Ronny N. Gentry
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, (Baltimore-Maryland)
| | - Zarish Abbas
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University (Montréal-Quebec)
| | - David L. Bernstein
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, (Baltimore-Maryland)
| | - A. Arvanitogiannis
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University (Montréal-Quebec)
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, (Baltimore-Maryland),Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, (Baltimore-Maryland),Corresponding Author: 20 Penn Street, Baltimore MD, 21201. Phone: (410) 706 0112/Fax: (410) 706 2512.
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