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Miklavcic JJ, Li Q, Skolnick J, Thomson ABR, Mazurak VC, Clandinin MT. Ganglioside Alters Phospholipase Trafficking, Inhibits NF-κB Assembly, and Protects Tight Junction Integrity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705172. [PMID: 34291075 PMCID: PMC8286996 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Dietary gangliosides are present in human milk and consumed in low amounts from organ meats. Clinical and animal studies indicate that dietary gangliosides attenuate signaling processes that are a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Gangliosides decrease pro-inflammatory markers, improve intestinal permeability, and reduce symptoms characteristic in patients with IBD. The objective of this study was to examine mechanisms by which dietary gangliosides exert beneficial effects on intestinal health. Methods: Studies were conducted in vitro using CaCo-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Gangliosides were extracted from milk powder and incubated with differentiated CaCo-2 cells after exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Gut barrier integrity was assessed by electron microscopy, epithelial barrier function was examined by measuring transepithelial electric resistance, and content of HBD-2, IL-23, NF-κB, and sPLA2 was assessed by ELISA. Results: Ganglioside attenuated the decrease in integrity of tight junctions induced by pro-inflammatory stimuli and improved epithelial barrier function (P < 0.05). Ganglioside decreased the basolateral secretion of sPLA2 (P ≤ 0.05), lowered HBD-2 and IL-23 levels (P ≤ 0.05), and inhibited NF-κB activation (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In summary, the present study indicates that ganglioside GD3 improves intestinal integrity by altering sPLA2 trafficking, and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators is mitigated by decreasing assembly of the NF-κB complex. Dietary gangliosides may have promising potential beneficial effects in IBD as decreased inflammatory signaling, improved intestinal integrity, and maintenance of epithelial barrier function have been demonstrated in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Miklavcic
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Qun Li
- Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jordan Skolnick
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
| | - Alan B R Thomson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Micheal Tom Clandinin
- Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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2
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Sokolova I. Bioenergetics in environmental adaptation and stress tolerance of aquatic ectotherms: linking physiology and ecology in a multi-stressor landscape. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb236802. [PMID: 33627464 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy metabolism (encompassing energy assimilation, conversion and utilization) plays a central role in all life processes and serves as a link between the organismal physiology, behavior and ecology. Metabolic rates define the physiological and life-history performance of an organism, have direct implications for Darwinian fitness, and affect ecologically relevant traits such as the trophic relationships, productivity and ecosystem engineering functions. Natural environmental variability and anthropogenic changes expose aquatic ectotherms to multiple stressors that can strongly affect their energy metabolism and thereby modify the energy fluxes within an organism and in the ecosystem. This Review focuses on the role of bioenergetic disturbances and metabolic adjustments in responses to multiple stressors (especially the general cellular stress response), provides examples of the effects of multiple stressors on energy intake, assimilation, conversion and expenditure, and discusses the conceptual and quantitative approaches to identify and mechanistically explain the energy trade-offs in multiple stressor scenarios, and link the cellular and organismal bioenergetics with fitness, productivity and/or ecological functions of aquatic ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sokolova
- Marine Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany .,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Pietrangeli P, Corpetti C, Seguella L, Del Re A, Pesce M, Vincenzi M, Lori C, Annunziata G, Mateescu MA, Sarnelli G, Esposito G, Marcocci L. Lathyrus sativus diamine oxidase reduces Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells by rescuing RhoA-GTPase and inhibiting pp38-MAPK/NF-κB/HIF-1α activation. Phytother Res 2020; 35:415-423. [PMID: 32914548 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) impairs the intestinal epithelial barrier, increasing the mucosa permeability and triggering a robust inflammatory response. Lathyrus sativus diamino oxidase (LSAO) is a nutraceutical compound successfully used in various gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Here, we evaluated the LSAO (0.004-0.4 μM) ability to counter TcdA-induced (30 ng/mL) toxicity and damage in Caco-2 cells, investigating its possible mechanism of action. LSAO has improved the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) score and increased cell viability in TcdA-treated cells, significantly rescuing the protein expression of Ras homolog family members, A-GTPase (RhoA-GTPase), occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). LSAO has also exhibited an anti-apoptotic effect by inhibiting the TcdA-induced expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p50 nuclear factor-kappa-B (p50), p65nuclear factor-kappa-B (p65), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cell milieu. Our data showed that LSAO exerts a protective effect on TcdA-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells, placing itself as an interesting nutraceutical to supplement the current treatment of the Clostridium difficile infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pietrangeli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Corpetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Re
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lori
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mircea A Mateescu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montreal, CP8888 Branch A, Montreal (Québec), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, section of Gastroenterology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Marcocci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Esposito G, Nobile N, Gigli S, Seguella L, Pesce M, d’Alessandro A, Bruzzese E, Capoccia E, Steardo L, Cuomo R, Sarnelli G. Rifaximin Improves Clostridium difficile Toxin A-Induced Toxicity in Caco-2 Cells by the PXR-Dependent TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:120. [PMID: 27242527 PMCID: PMC4860461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) caused by Clostridium difficile toxin A (TcdA) lead to severe ulceration, inflammation and bleeding of the colon, and are difficult to treat. AIM The study aimed to evaluate the effect of rifaximin on TcdA-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells and investigate the role of PXR in its mechanism of action. METHODS Caco-2 cells were incubated with TcdA and treated with rifaximin (0.1-10 μM) with or without ketoconazole (10 μM). The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and viability of the treated cells was determined. Also, the expression of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) was determined. RESULTS Rifaximin treatment (0.1, 1.0, and 10 μM) caused a significant and concentration-dependent increase in the TEER of Caco-2 cells (360, 480, and 680% vs. TcdA treatment) 24 h after the treatment and improved their viability (61, 79, and 105%). Treatment also concentration-dependently decreased the expression of Bax protein (-29, -65, and -77%) and increased the expression of ZO-1 (25, 54, and 87%) and occludin (71, 114, and 262%) versus TcdA treatment. The expression of TLR4 (-33, -50, and -75%), MyD88 (-29, -60, and -81%) and TAK1 (-37, -63, and -79%) were also reduced with rifaximin versus TcdA treatment. Ketoconazole treatment inhibited these effects. CONCLUSION Rifaximin improved TcdA-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells by the PXR-dependent TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway mechanism, and may be useful in the treatment of CDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Nicola Nobile
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gigli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | | | - Eugenia Bruzzese
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Elena Capoccia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of RomeRome, Italy
| | - Rosario Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico IINaples, Italy
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Shi B, Xiang X, Ke Y, Zhou L, Ke C. Abcb1 gene expression pattern and function of copper detoxification in Fujian oyster, Crassostrea angulata. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 190:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Wogonin suppresses inflammatory response and maintains intestinal barrier function via TLR4-MyD88-TAK1-mediated NF-κB pathway in vitro. Inflamm Res 2015; 64:423-31. [PMID: 25917044 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Wogonin has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we hypothesize that wogonin can protect intestinal barrier function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Caco-2 cells, which is an in vitro model of intestinal inflammation. METHODS We measured intestinal barrier function in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells by using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transport of fluorescent markers. A quantitative (q) RT-PCR and immunofluorescent staining analysis was used to detect the expression of tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and ZO-1) in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. We measured inflammatory molecules in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells using ELISA and qRT-PCR. In addition, the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TAK1 and their interaction, and NF-κB activity in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells were investigated by western blot analysis and immune-precipitation. RESULTS We found that exposing Caco-2 cells to wogonin (10 and 50 μM for 24 h) attenuated the LPS-induced changes in TEER and transport of fluorescent markers. In addition, wogonin suppressed LPS-induced down-regulation of tight junction proteins (claudin-1 and ZO-1). Furthermore, LPS-induced up-regulation of inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) were reduced after being pre-treated with wogonin. Moreover, wogonin not only inhibited the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TAK1 and the interaction between these molecules, but also reduced NF-κB translocation to nucleus and its DNA-binding activity in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that pre-treatment with wogonin could attenuate the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response and maintain intestinal barrier function in LPS-induced Caco-2 cells, thus might be a potential therapy for treating IBD.
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Wang H, Bastian SEP, Lawrence A, Howarth GS. Factors Derived From Escherichia Coli Nissle 1917, Grown in Different Growth Media, Enhance Cell Death in a Model of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Damage. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:316-26. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.990570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Barbosa DJ, Monteiro M, de Pinho PG, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Several transport systems contribute to the intestinal uptake of Paraquat, modulating its cytotoxic effects. Toxicol Lett 2015; 232:271-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Silva R, Vilas-Boas V, Carmo H, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Modulation of P-glycoprotein efflux pump: induction and activation as a therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 149:1-123. [PMID: 25435018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an ATP-dependent efflux pump encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans, known to mediate multidrug resistance of neoplastic cells to cancer therapy. For several decades, P-gp inhibition has drawn many significant research efforts in an attempt to overcome this phenomenon. However, P-gp is also constitutively expressed in normal human epithelial tissues and, due to its broad substrate specificity, to its cellular polarized expression in many excretory and barrier tissues, and to its great efflux capacity, it can play a crucial role in limiting the absorption and distribution of harmful xenobiotics, by decreasing their intracellular accumulation. Such a defense mechanism can be of particular relevance at the intestinal level, by significantly reducing the intestinal absorption of the xenobiotic and, consequently, avoiding its access to the target organs. In this review, the current knowledge on this important efflux pump is summarized, and a new focus is brought on the therapeutic interest of inducing and/or activating P-gp for limiting the toxicity caused by its substrates. Several in vivo and in vitro studies validating the use of such a therapeutic strategy are discussed. An extensive literature search for reported P-gp inducers/activators and for the experimental models used in their characterization was conducted. Those studies demonstrate that effective antidotal pathways can be achieved by efficiently promoting the P-gp-mediated efflux of deleterious xenobiotics, resulting in a significant reduction in their intracellular levels and, consequently, in a significant reduction of their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Vilas-Boas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; INFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, Advanced Institute of Health Sciences - North (ISCS-N), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Jeong CB, Kim BM, Kim RK, Park HG, Lee SJ, Shin KH, Leung KMY, Rhee JS, Lee JS. Functional characterization of P-glycoprotein in the intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus and its potential role in remediating metal pollution. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 156:135-147. [PMID: 25198425 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The intertidal copepod Tigriopus japonicus has been widely used in aquatic toxicity testing for diverse environmental pollutants including metals. Despite relatively well-characterized in vivo physiological modulations in response to aquatic pollutants, the molecular mechanisms due to toxicity and detoxification are still unclear. To better understand the mechanisms of metal transport and further detoxification, T. japonicus P-glycoprotein (TJ-P-gp) with conserved motifs/domains was cloned and measured for protein activity against the transcript and protein expression profiles in response to metal exposure. Specifically, we characterized the preliminary efflux activity and membrane topology of TJ-P-gp protein that supports a transport function for chemicals. To uncover whether the efflux activity of TJ-P-gp protein would be modulated by metal treatment, copepods were exposed to three metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn), and were observed for both dose- and time-dependency on the efflux activity of TJ-P-gp protein with or without 10μM of P-gp-specific inhibitors verapamil and zosuquidar (LY335979) for 24h over a wide range of metal concentrations. In particular, treatment with zosuquidar induced metal accumulation in the inner body of T. japonicus. In addition, three metals significantly induced the transporting activity of TJ-P-gp in a concentration-dependent manner in both transcript and protein levels within 24h. Together these data indicate that T. japonicus has a conserved P-gp-mediated metal defense system through the induction of transcriptional up-regulation of TJ-P-gp gene and TJ-P-gp protein activity. This finding provides further understanding of the molecular defense mechanisms involved in P-glycoprotein-mediated metal detoxification in copepods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Heum Gi Park
- Department of Marine Resource Development, College of Life Sciences, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702, South Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hoon Shin
- Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Kenneth Mei Yee Leung
- School of Biological Sciences and the Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Poklam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jae-Sung Rhee
- Department of Marine Science, College of Natural Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, South Korea.
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Dimeloe S, Frick C, Fischer M, Gubser PM, Razik L, Bantug GR, Ravon M, Langenkamp A, Hess C. Human regulatory T cells lack the cyclophosphamide-extruding transporter ABCB1 and are more susceptible to cyclophosphamide-induced apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2014; 121:343-56. [PMID: 25251877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, including ABC-transporter B1 (ABCB1), extrude drugs, metabolites, and other compounds (such as mitotracker green (MTG)) from cells. Susceptibility of CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells to the ABCB1-substrate cyclophosphamide (CPA) has been reported. Here, we characterized ABCB1 expression and function in human CD4(+) T-cell subsets. Naïve, central memory, and effector-memory CD4(+) T cells, but not Treg cells, effluxed MTG in an ABCB1-dependent manner. In line with this, ABCB1 mRNA and protein was expressed by nonregulatory CD4(+) T-cell subsets, but not Treg cells. In vitro, the ABCB1-substrate CPA was cytotoxic for Treg cells at a 100-fold lower dose than for nonregulatory counterparts, and, inversely, verapamil, an inhibitor of ABC transporters, increased CPA-toxicity in nonregulatory CD4(+) T cells but not Treg cells. Thus, Treg cells lack expression of ABCB1, rendering them selectively susceptible to CPA. Our findings provide mechanistic support for therapeutic strategies using CPA to boost anti-tumor immunity by selectively depleting Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dimeloe
- Immunobiology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Silva R, Palmeira A, Carmo H, Barbosa DJ, Gameiro M, Gomes A, Paiva AM, Sousa E, Pinto M, Bastos MDL, Remião F. P-glycoprotein induction in Caco-2 cells by newly synthetized thioxanthones prevents paraquat cytotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:1783-800. [PMID: 25234084 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The induction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump, has been proposed as a strategy against the toxicity induced by P-gp substrates such as the herbicide paraquat (PQ). The aim of this study was to screen five newly synthetized thioxanthonic derivatives, a group known to interact with P-gp, as potential inducers of the pump's expression and/or activity and to evaluate whether they would afford protection against PQ-induced toxicity in Caco-2 cells. All five thioxanthones (20 µM) caused a significant increase in both P-gp expression and activity as evaluated by flow cytometry using the UIC2 antibody and rhodamine 123, respectively. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the tested compounds, when present only during the efflux of rhodamine 123, rapidly induced an activation of P-gp. The tested compounds also increased P-gp ATPase activity in MDR1-Sf9 membrane vesicles, indicating that all derivatives acted as P-gp substrates. PQ cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in the presence of four thioxanthone derivatives, and this protective effect was reversed upon incubation with a specific P-gp inhibitor. In silico studies showed that all the tested thioxanthones fitted onto a previously described three-feature P-gp induction pharmacophore. Moreover, in silico interactions between thioxanthones and P-gp in the presence of PQ suggested that a co-transport mechanism may be operating. Based on the in vitro activation results, a pharmacophore model for P-gp activation was built, which will be of further use in the screening for new P-gp activators. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential of the tested thioxanthonic compounds in protecting against toxic effects induced by P-gp substrates through P-gp induction and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Daniel José Barbosa
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariline Gameiro
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Gomes
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Mafalda Paiva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Centro de Química Medicinal (CEQUIMED-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Fernando Remião
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Barbosa DJ, Palmeira A, Sousa E, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Remião F. Colchicine effect on P-glycoprotein expression and activity: In silico and in vitro studies. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 218:50-62. [PMID: 24759273 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Cheah KY, Howarth GS, Bindon KA, Kennedy JA, Bastian SEP. Low molecular weight procyanidins from grape seeds enhance the impact of 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy on Caco-2 human colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98921. [PMID: 24905821 PMCID: PMC4048230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Grape seed procyanidins (PC) are flavan-3-ol oligomers and polymers known for their biological activity in the gut. Grape seed extract (GSE) have been reported to reduce intestinal injury in a rat model of mucositis. We sought to investigate effects of purified PC fractions differing in mean degree of polymerization (mDP) combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy on the viability of colon cancer cells (Caco-2). Design SixPC fractions (F1-F6) were isolated from Cabernet Sauvignon seeds at two ripeness stages: pre-veraison unripe (immature) and ripe (mature), utilizing step gradient, low-pressure chromatography on a Sephadex LH-20 resin. Fractions were tested on Caco-2 cells, alone and in combination with 5-FU. Eluted fractions were characterized by phloroglucinolysis and gel permeation chromatography. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. Results All isolated fractions significantly reduced Caco-2 cell viability compared to the control (P<0.05), but F2 and F3 (mDP 2–6) were the most active fractions (immature F2 = 32% mDP 2.4, F3 = 35% mDP 5.8 and mature F2 = 13% mDP 3.6 and F3 = 17% mDP 5.9; percentage of viable cells remaining) on Caco-2 cells. When combined with 5-FU, immature fractions F1-F3 enhanced the cell toxicity effects of 5-FU by 27–73% (P<0.05). Mature seed PC fractions (F1–F4) significantly enhanced the toxicity of 5-FU by 60–83% against Caco-2 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, some fractions alone were more potent at decreasing viability in Caco-2 cells (P<0.05; immature fractions = 65–68% and mature fractions = 83–87%) compared to 5-FU alone (37%). Conclusions PCs of mDP 2–6 (immature F1-F3 and mature F1 and F4)not only enhanced the impact of 5-FU in killing Caco-2 cells, but also surpassed standard 5-FU chemotherapy as an anti-cancer agent.The bioactivity of PC is therefore attributed primarily to lower molecular weight PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Y. Cheah
- Wine Science and Business Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Australia
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Howarth
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Keren A. Bindon
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James A. Kennedy
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Urrbrae, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, California State University, Fresno, California, United States of America
| | - Susan E. P. Bastian
- Wine Science and Business Group, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Young RK, Villalobos ARA. Stress-induced stimulation of choline transport in cultured choroid plexus epithelium exposed to low concentrations of cadmium. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R291-303. [PMID: 24401988 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00252.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus epithelium forms the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and accumulates essential minerals and heavy metals. Choroid plexus is cited as being a "sink" for heavy metals and excess minerals, serving to minimize accumulation of these potentially toxic agents in the brain. An understanding of how low doses of contaminant metals might alter transport of other solutes in the choroid plexus is limited. Using primary cultures of epithelial cells isolated from neonatal rat choroid plexus, our objective was to characterize modulation of apical uptake of the model organic cation choline elicited by low concentrations of the contaminant metal cadmium (CdCl₂). At 50-1,000 nM, cadmium did not directly decrease or increase 30-min apical uptake of 10 μM [(3)H]choline. However, extended exposure to 250-500 nM cadmium increased [(3)H]choline uptake by as much as 75% without marked cytotoxicity. In addition, cadmium induced heat shock protein 70 and heme oxygenase-1 protein expression and markedly induced metallothionein gene expression. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine attenuated stimulation of choline uptake and induction of stress proteins. Conversely, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO) enhanced stimulation of choline uptake and induction of stress proteins. Cadmium also activated ERK1/2 MAP kinase. The MEK1 inhibitor PD98059 diminished ERK1/2 activation and attenuated stimulation of choline uptake. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation abated stimulation of choline uptake in cells exposed to cadmium with BSO. These data indicate that in the choroid plexus, exposure to low concentrations of cadmium may induce oxidative stress and consequently stimulate apical choline transport through activation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase.
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16
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Wang H, Bastian SEP, Cheah KY, Lawrence A, Howarth GS. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917-derived factors reduce cell death and late apoptosis and increase transepithelial electrical resistance in a model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:560-9. [PMID: 24556751 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the capacity for supernatants (SNs) derived from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), cultured under different growth conditions, to prevent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal epithelial cell damage. EcN was cultured in: Luria Bertani (LB) broth, tryptone soya broth (TSB), de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth, and M17 broth supplemented with 10% (v/v) lactose solution (M17). Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were treated with the following EcN SNs: LB(+), TSB(+), MRS(+), and M17(+) in the presence and absence of 5-FU (1.5 or 5 μM). Cell viability, apoptotic activity and cell monolayer permeability were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), flow cytometry, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) assays, respectively. 5-FU significantly reduced cell viability (P<0.05) at both 24 and 48 h. However, only EcN SN produced from LB and M17 growth media significantly decreased cell death induced by 5-FU (by approximately 10% after 24 and 48 h; and 10% after 24 h, respectively [P<0.05]). When measured by flow cytometry all EcN SNs in the presence of 5-FU increased the proportion of viable cells (by 3-5% for 24 h, 3-7% for 48 h, P<0.05) and reduced late-apoptotic cells after 24 and 48 h, compared with 5-FU control. Moreover, all EcN SNs significantly reduced the disruption of IEC-6 cell barrier function induced by 5-FU by 7-10% (P<0.05), compared with DMEM control. We conclude that EcN derived factors could potentially reduce the severity of intestinal mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Wang
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Adelaide; Roseworthy, SA Australia
| | - Susan E P Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine; University of Adelaide; Waite Campus; Urrbrae, SA Australia
| | - Ker Y Cheah
- Gastroenterology Department; Women's and Children's Hospital; Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Andrew Lawrence
- Microbiology Department; SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital; Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Gordon S Howarth
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences; University of Adelaide; Roseworthy, SA Australia; Gastroenterology Department; Women's and Children's Hospital; Adelaide, SA Australia
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17
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Silva R, Sousa E, Carmo H, Palmeira A, Barbosa DJ, Gameiro M, Pinto M, de Lourdes Bastos M, Remião F. Induction and activation of P-glycoprotein by dihydroxylated xanthones protect against the cytotoxicity of the P-glycoprotein substrate paraquat. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:937-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1193-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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Cheah KY, Howarth GS, Bastian SEP. Grape seed extract dose-responsively decreases disease severity in a rat model of mucositis; concomitantly enhancing chemotherapeutic effectiveness in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85184. [PMID: 24465501 PMCID: PMC3897410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucositis is a serious disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that results from cancer chemotherapy. We investigated the effects of increasing grape seed extract doses on the severity of chemotherapy in a rat model and its coincident impact on chemotherapeutic effectiveness in colon cancer cells. DESIGN Female Dark Agouti rats were gavaged with grape seed extract (400-1000 mg/kg) or water (day 3-11) and were injected intraperitoneally with 5-Fluorouracil (150 mg/kg) or saline (control) on day 9 to induce mucositis. Daily metabolic data were collected and rats were sacrificed on day 12. Intestinal tissues were collected for histological and myeloperoxidase analyses. Caco-2 cell viability was examined in response to grape seed extract in combination with 5-Fluorouracil by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay. RESULTS Compared with 5-Fluorouracil controls, grape seed extract (400-1000 mg/kg) significantly decreased the histological damage score (P<0.05) in the jejunum. Grape seed extract (1000 mg/kg) increased jejunal crypt depth by 25% (P<0.05) in 5-Fluorouracil treated rats compared to 5-Fluorouracil controls, and attenuated the 5-Fluorouracil -induced reduction of mucosal thickness (25%, P<0.05). Grape seed extract (600 mg/kg) decreased myeloperoxidase activity by 55% (P<0.01) compared to 5-Fluorouracil controls. Grape seed extract was more effective at ameliorating 5-Fluorouracil induced intestinal injury, with effects most pronounced in the proximal jejunum. Grape seed extract (10-25 ug/mL) significantly enhanced the growth-inhibitory effects of 5-Fluorouracil by 26% (P<0.05) in Caco-2 cells and was more potent than 5-Fluorouracil at 50-100 µg/mL. CONCLUSION Grape seed extract may represent a new therapeutic option to decrease the symptoms of intestinal mucositis while concurrently impacting on the viability of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ker Yeaw Cheah
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gordon Stanley Howarth
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Gastroenterology, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susan Elaine Putnam Bastian
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Campus, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Intracellular fate of retinyl acetate-loaded submicron delivery systems by in vitro intestinal epithelial cells: A comparison between whey protein-stabilised submicron droplets and micelles stabilised with polysorbate 80. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Different mechanisms for metal-induced adaptation to cadmium in the human lung cell lines A549 and H441. Cell Biol Toxicol 2013; 29:159-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-013-9243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Silva R, Carmo H, Vilas-Boas V, Pinho PGD, Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, Silva I, Correia-de-Sá P, Bastos MDL, Remião F. Doxorubicin decreases paraquat accumulation and toxicity in Caco-2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:34-41. [PMID: 23220037 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Cadmium Transport in a Model of Neonatal Intestinal Cells Correlates to MRP1 and Not DMT1 or FPN1. ISRN TOXICOLOGY 2013; 2013:892364. [PMID: 23724302 PMCID: PMC3658413 DOI: 10.1155/2013/892364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newborns have a higher gastrointestinal uptake of cadmium than adults. In adults, the iron transporters DMT1 and FPN1 are involved in the intestinal absorption of cadmium, while in neonates, the mechanisms for cadmium absorption are unknown. We have investigated possible cadmium transporters in the neonatal intestine by applying a model of immature human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. To mimic the continuous cadmium exposure via diet in neonates, cells were allowed to differentiate for 7 days in medium containing 1 μM CdCl2. A dramatic upregulation of the MT1 gene expression followed cadmium pretreatment, indicating a high sensitivity of the immature cells to cadmium. Cadmium pretreatment increased the basolateral efflux of 109Cd, without causing any effects on the passive diffusion of mannitol or the transepithelial electrical resistance. The augmented transport of cadmium was correlated to an upregulation of MRP1 gene expression and increased activity of the efflux protein MRP1. No effects were observed on gene expression of the efflux proteins MRP2 and P-gp or the iron transporters DMT1, DMT1-IRE and FPN1. In conclusion, our data indicate that continuous cadmium exposure increases the absorption of the metal in immature intestinal cells and that MRP1 is involved in the intestinal cadmium absorption in newborns.
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Della Torre C, Zaja R, Loncar J, Smital T, Focardi S, Corsi I. Interaction of ABC transport proteins with toxic metals at the level of gene and transport activity in the PLHC-1 fish cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 198:9-17. [PMID: 22580103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of four toxic metals with ABC transport proteins in piscine cell line PLHC-1. Cells were exposed for 24 h to 0.01-1 μM of CdCl(2), HgCl(2), As(2)O(3), or K(2)Cr(2)O(7) and the expression of a series of ABC genes (abcb1, abcc1-4) was determined using qRT-PCR. Using the fluorescent model substrates calcein-AM and monochlorbimane we measured interaction of metals with the transport activity of ABC transporters. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity was measured in PLHC-1/dox (P-gp overexpressing cells) while activity and interactions of metals with MRPs was measured in PLHC-1/wt cells. After 24 h exposure, abcc2-4 genes were dose-dependently up-regulated by all metals, while abcb1 and abcc1 were less affected. Up-regulation of abcc2 was more pronounced, with up to 8-fold increase in expression. Abcc3 and abcc4 were moderately inducible by HgCl(2) with 3.3-fold and 2.2-fold, respectively. All metals caused a significant inhibition of both P-gp (2.9- to 4-fold vs. controls) and MRP (1.3- to 1.8-fold) transport activities. Modulation of ABC genes and transport activities was further investigated in PLHC-1/wt cells exposed to 1 μM HgCl(2) for 72 h and in Hg resistant cells selected by long term cultivation of PLHC-1/wt cells in increasing concentrations of HgCl(2). Exposure to HgCl(2) for 72 h induced MRP genes expression and efflux activity. The long term cultivation of PLHC-1/wt cells in HgCl(2), did not cause prolonged up-regulation of the tested abc genes but resulted in higher MRP transport activities as determined by the increased sensitivity of these cells to MK571 (MRP specific inhibitor). Results of the present study indicated specific interaction of metals with selected ABC transport proteins. Modulation of ABC transporters takes place at both transcriptional and functional level. An active involvement of efflux pumps in Hg clearance in fish is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Della Torre
- Department of Environmental Sciences G. Sarfatti Siena University, Siena, Italy.
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25
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Jain MP, Vaisheva F, Maysinger D. Metalloestrogenic effects of quantum dots. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 7:23-37. [PMID: 22011313 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the metalloestrogenic effects of cadmium telluride quantum dots (QDs) in both human breast cancer cells and in vivo in mice. MATERIALS & METHODS Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) were utilized to study QDs, cadmium and 17β-estradiol induced estrogen-related genomic and nongenomic signaling. Female prepubescent and ovariectomized adult mice were treated with CdTe QDs to assess whether QD-induced estrogenicity would lead to uterine changes. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that in vitro cadmium-containing QDs induce cellular proliferation, estrogen receptor α activation, and biphasic phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, comparable with 17β-estradiol. Green QDs elicited a more robust estrogenic response than orange QDs. Addition of the selective estrogen receptor antagonist, ICI 182780, completely abolished all QD-induced estrogenic effects, suggesting that QD-induced estrogenic signaling is mediated via the estrogen receptor. In vivo, chronic treatment of mice with QDs led to a two- to three-fold increase in uterine weight, comparable or greater than 17β-estradiol. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that certain cadmium-containing nanocrystals are endocrine disruptors, whose effects can exceed those induced by ionic cadmium or 17β-estradiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi P Jain
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences Building, Room 1314, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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26
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Lim SC, Hahm KS, Lee SH, Oh SH. Autophagy involvement in cadmium resistance through induction of multidrug resistance-associated protein and counterbalance of endoplasmic reticulum stress WI38 lung epithelial fibroblast cells. Toxicology 2010; 276:18-26. [PMID: 20600546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP1) is known as a cellular efflux pump of heavy metals and anticancer drugs. In our previous study, MRP was found to have involvement in cell protection against cadmium (Cd) toxicity through apoptosis interruption. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of MRP1 in Cd resistance. For this purpose, we developed Cd-resistant cells (RWI38) from WI38 human lung epithelial fibroblast cells, which showed a 4-fold resistance to Cd when compared to WI38 cells. WI38 cells elicited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2alpha), Chop, and glucose-regulated protein (Grp78). RWI38 cells responding to Cd did not elicit ER stress or mitochondrial apoptosis, but induced autophagy, as demonstrated by Atg5 induction, LC3 conversion, and formation of GFP-LC3 dots. A pharmacological inhibitor of p38 downregulated Cd-induced Atg5 and LC3II. A pharmacological inhibitor of autophagy or silencing of atg5 dephosphorylated p38 and Akt, and downregulated MRP1 and procaspase-3. However, pharmacological inhibition or silencing of mrp-1 had no affect on Cd-induced phosphorylated p38 and LC3II. These data indicate that Cd induces autophagy in RWI38 cells through a mechanism that involves p38 activation, which is involved in cell protection through counterbalance of ER stress and MRP1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Lim
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of Korea
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In vitro study of P-glycoprotein induction as an antidotal pathway to prevent cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 2010; 85:315-26. [PMID: 20857089 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-010-0587-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Rossato LG, de Pinho PG, Silva R, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Bastos MDL, Costa VM, Remião F. Development and validation of a GC/IT-MS method for simultaneous quantitation of para and meta-synephrine in biological samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:721-6. [PMID: 20303689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zucchi S, Corsi I, Luckenbach T, Bard SM, Regoli F, Focardi S. Identification of five partial ABC genes in the liver of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii and sensitivity of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to Cd exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:2746-2756. [PMID: 20627496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several ABC transporters have been characterized from many aquatic organisms, but no information is yet available for Antarctic fish. The aim of this work was to identify the expression of genes for ABC proteins in Trematomus bernacchii, a bioindicator species of the Southern Ocean. Partial cDNA sequences of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC4 and ABCC9 were cloned from liver. Using RACE technology, 3.5 and 2.2 kb contigs were obtained for ABCB1 and ABCC2. Considering the elevated natural bioavailability of cadmium at Terra Nova Bay, responsiveness of ABCB1 and ABCC2 to this element was investigated under laboratory conditions. ABCB1 and ABCC2 mRNA levels were approximately four-fold higher in Cd-exposed fish compared to the controls. Induction of ABCB1 protein was also found by western blot. This study provides the first identification of five ABC genes in the liver of an Antarctic key species, some of which may be involved in cellular detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zucchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences G. Sarfatti, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Alhamoruni A, Lee AC, Wright KL, Larvin M, O'Sullivan SE. Pharmacological effects of cannabinoids on the Caco-2 cell culture model of intestinal permeability. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:92-102. [PMID: 20592049 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.168237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of cannabinoid receptors decreases emesis, inflammation, gastric acid secretion, and intestinal motility. However, the effects of cannabinoids on intestinal permeability have not yet been established. The aim of the present study is to examine the effects of cannabinoids on intestinal permeability in an in vitro model. Caco-2 cells were grown until fully confluent on inserts in 12-well plates. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were made as a measure of permeability. EDTA (50 μM) was applied to reversibly increase permeability (reduce TEER). The effects of cannabinoids on permeability in combination with EDTA, or alone, were assessed. Potential target sites of action were investigated using antagonists of the cannabinoid (CB)(1) receptor, CB(2) receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, PPARα, and a proposed cannabinoid receptor. When applied to the apical or basolateral membrane of Caco-2 cells, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) enhanced the speed of recovery of EDTA-induced increased permeability. This effect was sensitive to cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonism only. Apical application of endocannabinoids caused increased permeability, sensitive to cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonism. By contrast, when endocannabinoids were applied basolaterally, they enhanced the recovery of EDTA-induced increased permeability, and this involved additional activation of TRPV1. All cannabinoids tested increased the mRNA of the tight junction protein zona occludens-1, but only endocannabinoids also decreased the mRNA of claudin-1. These findings suggest that endocannabinoids may play a role in modulating intestinal permeability and that plant-derived cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD, may have therapeutic potential in conditions associated with abnormally permeable intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alhamoruni
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Oh SH, Lee SY, Choi CH, Lee SH, Lim SC. Cadmium adaptation is regulated by multidrug resistance-associated protein-mediated Akt pathway and metallothionein induction. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:883-91. [PMID: 19557366 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms involved in adaptation of lung epithelial cells to cadmium (Cd), we established a cell line that exhibits Cd-resistance (RWI38). RWI38 showed approximately 5-fold greater Cd-resistance (MTT assays) than WI38 cells, and cross-resistance to Zn and cisplatin. RWI38 cells also demonstrated an upregulated level of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and metallothionein (MT) (as shown by Western blot analysis and RT-PCR studies). The protein level of MRP decreased after Cd exposure in WI38 cells, but was sustained at high levels in RWI38 cells, leading led to enhanced calcein efflux. Cd induced Akt phosphorylation in RWI38 but not WI38 cells; this was prevented by probenecid or siRNA for MRP, both of which led to enhanced cell death, as demonstrated by capsase-3 activation and decreased cell viability. These results suggest a functional role for MRP in the regulation of the Akt pathway as well in the efflux pumping of drugs, thereby contributing toward the adaptation of cells to Cd toxicity. The findings of this study could be potentially beneficial in the design of therapeutic targets for Cd-induced tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Hee Oh
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
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González-Alvarez I, Fernández-Teruel C, Garrigues TM, Casabo VG, Ruiz-García A, Bermejo M. Kinetic modelling of passive transport and active efflux of a fluoroquinolone across Caco-2 cells using a compartmental approach in NONMEM. Xenobiotica 2008; 35:1067-88. [PMID: 16418062 DOI: 10.1080/00498250500354469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose was to develop a general mathematical model for estimating passive permeability and efflux transport parameters from in vitro cell culture experiments. The procedure is applicable for linear and non-linear transport of drug with time, <10 or >10% of drug transport, negligible or relevant back flow, and would allow the adequate correction in the case of relevant mass balance problems. A compartmental kinetic approach was used and the transport barriers were described quantitatively in terms of apical and basolateral clearances. The method can be applied when sink conditions are not achieved and it allows the evaluation of the location of the transporter and its binding site. In this work it was possible to demonstrate, from a functional point of view, the higher efflux capacity of the TC7 clone and to identify the apical membrane as the main resistance for the xenobiotic transport. This methodology can be extremely useful as a complementary tool for molecular biology approaches in order to establish meaningful hypotheses about transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I González-Alvarez
- Dipartamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmaceutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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Ivanina AV, Sokolova IM. Effects of cadmium exposure on expression and activity of P-glycoprotein in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2008; 88:19-28. [PMID: 18453012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem, and cadmium (Cd) is one of the most noxious pollutants in aquatic environments. We studied P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression and function in control and Cd exposed (50microgL(-1) Cd, 30-40 days) oysters Crassostrea virginica as a possible mechanism of cell protection against Cd. Our data show that P-gp is expressed on cell membrane and in mitochondria of oyster gills and hepatopancreas. Inhibitor studies with verapamil, cyclosporine A and JS-2190 suggest that in the gills, mitochondrial P-gp pumps substrates from cytosol into the mitochondria, while cell membrane P-gp pumps substrates from cytosol out of the cell. Cd exposure resulted in a 2-2.5-fold increase in P-gp protein expression in cell membranes and a 3.5-7-fold increase in transport activity measured as the inhibitor-sensitive rhodamine B extrusion rate. In contrast, p-gp mRNA levels were similar in control and Cd-exposed oysters. No difference in P-gp protein expression was observed between mitochondria of control and Cd-exposed oysters but the apparent transport activity was higher in mitochondria from Cd-exposed oysters. Overall, a stronger increase in substrate transport activity in Cd-exposed oysters compared to a relatively weaker change in P-gp protein levels suggests that P-gp activity is post-translationally regulated. Our data show that direct determination of P-gp transport activity may be the best measure of the xenobiotic-resistant phenotype, whereas p-gp mRNA levels are not a good marker due to the likely involvement of multiple post-transcriptional regulatory steps. Cd exposure resulted in a significantly elevated rate of oxygen consumption of isolated oyster gills by 46%. Specific inhibitors of ATPase function of P-gp (cyclosporine A and JS-2190) had no significant effect on tissue oxygen consumption indicating that P-gp contribution to energy budget is negligible and supporting indirect estimates based on the ATP stoichiometry of substrate transport that also suggest low energy demand for P-gp function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Ivanina
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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Molecular and cellular effects of food contaminants and secondary plant components and their plausible interactions at the intestinal level. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:813-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Noël L, Huynh-Delerme C, Guérin T, Huet H, Frémy JM, Kolf-Clauw M. Cadmium accumulation and interactions with zinc, copper, and manganese, analysed by ICP-MS in a long-term Caco-2 TC7 cell model. Biometals 2006; 19:473-81. [PMID: 16937253 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-005-5147-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of long-term exposure to cadmium (Cd) on essential minerals was investigated using a Caco-2 TC7 cells and a multi-analytical tool: microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Intracellular levels, effects on cadmium accumulation, distribution, and reference concentration ranges of the following elements were determined: Na, Mg, Ca, Cr, Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Cd. Results showed that Caco-2 TC7 cells incubated long-term with cadmium concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 micromol Cd/l for 5 weeks exhibited a significant increase in cadmium accumulation. Furthermore, this accumulation was more marked in cells exposed long-term to cadmium compared with controls, and that this exposure resulted in a significant accumulation of copper and zinc but not of the other elements measured. Interactions of Cd with three elements: zinc, copper, and manganese were particularly studied. Exposed to 30 micromol/l of the element, manganese showed the highest inhibition and copper the lowest on cadmium intracellular accumulation but Zn, Cu, and Mn behave differently in terms of their mutual competition with Cd. Indeed, increasing cadmium in the culture medium resulted in a gradual and significant increase in the accumulation of zinc. There was a significant decrease in manganese from 5 micromol Cd/l exposure, and no variation was observed with copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Noël
- Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Unité Contaminants Inorganiques et Minéraux de l'Environnement, Equipe Métaux Lourds et Eléments minéraux, AFSSA LERQAP: 23, F-94706, Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
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