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Del Giudice G, Serra A, Pavel A, Torres Maia M, Saarimäki LA, Fratello M, Federico A, Alenius H, Fadeel B, Greco D. A Network Toxicology Approach for Mechanistic Modelling of Nanomaterial Hazard and Adverse Outcomes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400389. [PMID: 38923832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hazard assessment is the first step in evaluating the potential adverse effects of chemicals. Traditionally, toxicological assessment has focused on the exposure, overlooking the impact of the exposed system on the observed toxicity. However, systems toxicology emphasizes how system properties significantly contribute to the observed response. Hence, systems theory states that interactions store more information than individual elements, leading to the adoption of network based models to represent complex systems in many fields of life sciences. Here, they develop a network-based approach to characterize toxicological responses in the context of a biological system, inferring biological system specific networks. They directly link molecular alterations to the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework, establishing direct connections between omics data and toxicologically relevant phenotypic events. They apply this framework to a dataset including 31 engineered nanomaterials with different physicochemical properties in two different in vitro and one in vivo models and demonstrate how the biological system is the driving force of the observed response. This work highlights the potential of network-based methods to significantly improve their understanding of toxicological mechanisms from a systems biology perspective and provides relevant considerations and future data-driven approaches for the hazard assessment of nanomaterials and other advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Angela Serra
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, 33100, Finland
| | - Alisa Pavel
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Marcella Torres Maia
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Michele Fratello
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, 33100, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human Microbiome Research Program (HUMI), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, 33520, Finland
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, 33100, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
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Gao S, Xu B, Sun J, Zhang Z. Nanotechnological advances in cancer: therapy a comprehensive review of carbon nanotube applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351787. [PMID: 38562672 PMCID: PMC10984352 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionising different areas from manufacturing to therapeutics in the health field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a promising drug candidate in nanomedicine, have attracted attention due to their excellent and unique mechanical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. This emerging nanomaterial has attracted a wide range of scientific interest in the last decade. Carbon nanotubes have many potential applications in cancer therapy, such as imaging, drug delivery, and combination therapy. Carbon nanotubes can be used as carriers for drug delivery systems by carrying anticancer drugs and enabling targeted release to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissues. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapies, to work synergistically to destroy cancer cells. Carbon nanotubes have great potential as promising nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine, offering new opportunities and properties for future cancer treatments. In this paper, the main focus is on the application of carbon nanotubes in cancer diagnostics, targeted therapies, and toxicity evaluation of carbon nanotubes at the biological level to ensure the safety and real-life and clinical applications of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Gao
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Binhan Xu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Mohammed AN, Yadav N, Kaur P, Jandarov R, Yadav JS. Immunomodulation of susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia infection in mouse lungs exposed to carbon nanoparticles via dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116820. [PMID: 38218205 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are emerging pollutants of occupational and environmental health concern. While toxicological mechanisms of CNTs are emerging, there is paucity of information on their modulatory effects on susceptibility to infections. Here, we investigated cellular and molecular events underlying the effect of multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) exposure on susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in our 28-day sub-chronic exposure mouse model. Data indicated reduced phagocytic function in alveolar macrophages (AMs) from MWCNT-exposed lungs evidenced by lower pathogen uptake in 1-h infection assay. At 24-h post-infection, intracellular pathogen count in exposed AMs showed 2.5 times higher net increase (2-fold in vehicle- versus 5-fold in MWCNT-treated), indicating a greater rate of intracellular multiplication and/or survival due to MWCNT exposure. AMs from MWCNT-exposed lungs exhibited downregulation of pathogen-uptake receptors CD163, Phosphatidyl-serine receptor (Ptdsr), and Macrophage scavenger receptors class A type 1 (Msr1) and type 2 (MSr2). In whole lung, MWCNT exposure shifted the macrophage polarization state towards the immunosuppressive phenotype M2b and increased the CD11c+ dendritic cell population required to activate the adaptive immune response. Notably, the MWCNT pre-exposure dysregulated T-cell immunity, evidenced by diminished CD4 and Th17 response, and exacerbated Th1 and Treg responses (skewed Th17/Treg ratio), thereby favoring the pneumococcal infection. Overall, these findings indicated that MWCNT exposure compromises both innate and adaptive immunity leading to diminished host lung defense against pneumonia infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report on an immunomodulatory role of CNT pre-exposure on pneumococcal infection susceptibility due to dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immunity targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afzaal Nadeem Mohammed
- Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Niket Yadav
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0738, USA
| | - Perminder Kaur
- Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Roman Jandarov
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jagjit Singh Yadav
- Pulmonary Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Larsson M, Salihovic S, Hedbrant A, Eriksson U, Karlsson P, Persson A, Scherbak N, Färnlund K, Engwall M, Särndahl E. Immunotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disrupting impacts of polyamide microplastic particles and chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108412. [PMID: 38183898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden.
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Eriksson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
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Leinardi R, Petriglieri JR, Pochet A, Yakoub Y, Lelong M, Lescoat A, Turci F, Lecureur V, Huaux F. Distinct Pro-Inflammatory Mechanisms Elicited by Short and Long Amosite Asbestos Fibers in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15145. [PMID: 37894824 PMCID: PMC10606797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While exposure to long amphibolic asbestos fibers (L > 10 µm) results in the development of severe diseases including inflammation, fibrosis, and mesothelioma, the pathogenic activity associated with short fibers (L < 5 µm) is less clear. By exposing murine macrophages to short (SFA) or long (LFA) fibers of amosite asbestos different in size and surface chemistry, we observed that SFA internalization resulted in pyroptotic-related immunogenic cell death (ICD) characterized by the release of the pro-inflammatory damage signal (DAMP) IL-1α after inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-pore formation. In contrast, macrophage responses to non-internalizable LFA were associated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release, caspase-3 and -7 activation, and apoptosis. SFA effects exclusively resulted from Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) recognized for its ability to sense particles, while the response to LFA was elicited by a multifactorial ignition system involving the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (SR-A6 or MARCO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascade, and TLR4. Our findings indicate that asbestos fiber size and surface features play major roles in modulating ICD and inflammatory pathways. They also suggest that SFA are biologically reactive in vitro and, therefore, their inflammatory and toxic effects in vivo should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (Y.Y.); (F.H.)
| | - Jasmine Rita Petriglieri
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (J.R.P.); (F.T.)
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Amandine Pochet
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (Y.Y.); (F.H.)
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (Y.Y.); (F.H.)
| | - Marie Lelong
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.L.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
| | - Alain Lescoat
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.L.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Francesco Turci
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy; (J.R.P.); (F.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Valérie Lecureur
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)—UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (M.L.); (A.L.); (V.L.)
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (A.P.); (Y.Y.); (F.H.)
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Nasrullah M, Meenakshi Sundaram DN, Claerhout J, Ha K, Demirkaya E, Uludag H. Nanoparticles and cytokine response. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1243651. [PMID: 37701495 PMCID: PMC10493271 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1243651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) are non-viral equivalents of viral gene delivery systems that are actively explored to deliver a spectrum of nucleic acids for diverse range of therapies. The success of the nanoparticulate delivery systems, in the form of efficacy and safety, depends on various factors related to the physicochemical features of the NPs, as well as their ability to remain "stealth" in the host environment. The initial cytokine response upon exposure to nucleic acid bearing NPs is a critical component of the host response and, unless desired, should be minimized to prevent the unintended consequences of NP administration. In this review article, we will summarize the most recent literature on cytokine responses to nanoparticulate delivery systems and identify the main factors affecting this response. The NP features responsible for eliciting the cytokine response are articulated along with other factors related to the mode of therapeutic administration. For diseases arising from altered cytokine pathophysiology, attempts to silence the individual components of cytokine response are summarized in the context of different diseases, and the roles of NP features on this respect are presented. We finish with the authors' perspective on the possibility of engineering NP systems with controlled cytokine responses. This review is intended to sensitize the reader with important issues related to cytokine elicitation of non-viral NPs and the means of controlling them to design improved interventions in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nasrullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Jillian Claerhout
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Khanh Ha
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Erkan Demirkaya
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludag
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zuccari G, Alfei S. Development of Phytochemical Delivery Systems by Nano-Suspension and Nano-Emulsion Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9824. [PMID: 37372971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the existence of plant bioactive compounds, namely, phytochemicals (PHYs), with health properties is progressively expanding. Therefore, their massive introduction in the normal diet and in food supplements and their use as natural therapeutics to treat several diseases are increasingly emphasized by several sectors. In particular, most PHYs possessing antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-cholesterol, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties have been isolated from plants. Additionally, their secondary modification with new functionalities to further improve their intrinsic beneficial effects has been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, although the idea of exploiting PHYs as therapeutics is amazing, its realization is far from simple, and the possibility of employing them as efficient clinically administrable drugs is almost utopic. Most PHYs are insoluble in water, and, especially when introduced orally, they hardly manage to pass through physiological barriers and scarcely reach the site of action in therapeutic concentrations. Their degradation by enzymatic and microbial digestion, as well as their rapid metabolism and excretion, strongly limits their in vivo activity. To overcome these drawbacks, several nanotechnological approaches have been used, and many nanosized PHY-loaded delivery systems have been developed. This paper, by reporting various case studies, reviews the foremost nanosuspension- and nanoemulsion-based techniques developed for formulating the most relevant PHYs into more bioavailable nanoparticles (NPs) that are suitable or promising for clinical application, mainly by oral administration. In addition, the acute and chronic toxic effects due to exposure to NPs reported so far, the possible nanotoxicity that could result from their massive employment, and ongoing actions to improve knowledge in this field are discussed. The state of the art concerning the actual clinical application of both PHYs and the nanotechnologically engineered PHYs is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Zuccari
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DiFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148 Genova, Italy
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Florek E, Witkowska M, Szukalska M, Richter M, Trzeciak T, Miechowicz I, Marszałek A, Piekoszewski W, Wyrwa Z, Giersig M. Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Exposure to Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:464. [PMID: 36830022 PMCID: PMC9952213 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) serve as nanoparticles due to their size, and for that reason, when in contact with the biological system, they can have toxic effects. One of the main mechanisms responsible for nanotoxicity is oxidative stress resulting from the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers are important tools for assessing MWCNTs toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in male rats. Our animal model studies of MWCNTs (diameter ~15-30 nm, length ~15-20 μm) include measurement of oxidative stress parameters in the body fluid and tissues of animals after long-term exposure. Rattus Norvegicus/Wistar male rats were administrated a single injection to the knee joint at three concentrations: 0.03 mg/mL, 0.25 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL. The rats were euthanized 12 and 18 months post-exposure by drawing blood from the heart, and their liver and kidney tissues were removed. To evaluate toxicity, the enzymatic activity of total protein (TP), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), nitric oxide (NO), and catalase (CAT) was measured and histopathological examination was conducted. Results in rat livers showed that TEAC level was decreased in rats receiving nanotubes at higher concentrations. Results in kidneys report that the level of NO showed higher concentration after long exposure, and results in animal serums showed lower levels of GSH in rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations. The 18-month exposure also resulted in a statistically significant increase in GST activity in the group of rats exposed to nanotubes at higher concentrations compared to animals receiving MWCNTs at lower concentrations and compared to the control group. Therefore, an analysis of oxidative stress parameters can be a key indicator of the toxic potential of multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Florek
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Witkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szukalska
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-545 Poznan, Poland
| | - Izabela Miechowicz
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Wyrwa
- Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michael Giersig
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Theory of Continuous Media and Nanostructures, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Matulionyte M, Skripka A, Ramos-Guerra A, Benayas A, Vetrone F. The Coming of Age of Neodymium: Redefining Its Role in Rare Earth Doped Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:515-554. [PMID: 36516409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among luminescent nanostructures actively investigated in the last couple of decades, rare earth (RE3+) doped nanoparticles (RENPs) are some of the most reported family of materials. The development of RENPs in the biomedical framework is quickly making its transition to the ∼800 nm excitation pathway, beneficial for both in vitro and in vivo applications to eliminate heating and facilitate higher penetration in tissues. Therefore, reports and investigations on RENPs containing the neodymium ion (Nd3+) greatly increased in number as the focus on ∼800 nm radiation absorbing Nd3+ ion gained traction. In this review, we cover the basics behind the RE3+ luminescence, the most successful Nd3+-RENP architectures, and highlight application areas. Nd3+-RENPs, particularly Nd3+-sensitized RENPs, have been scrutinized by considering the division between their upconversion and downshifting emissions. Aside from their distinctive optical properties, significant attention is paid to the diverse applications of Nd3+-RENPs, notwithstanding the pitfalls that are still to be addressed. Overall, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on Nd3+-RENPs, discussing their developmental and applicative successes as well as challenges. We also assess future research pathways and foreseeable obstacles ahead, in a field, which we believe will continue witnessing an effervescent progress in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Matulionyte
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Artiom Skripka
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Alma Ramos-Guerra
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Antonio Benayas
- Department of Physics and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Department of Radiology Stanford University 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Center (exp.), Stanford, California 94305-5484, United States
| | - Fiorenzo Vetrone
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada
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10
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Saarimäki LA, Morikka J, Pavel A, Korpilähde S, del Giudice G, Federico A, Fratello M, Serra A, Greco D. Toxicogenomics Data for Chemical Safety Assessment and Development of New Approach Methodologies: An Adverse Outcome Pathway-Based Approach. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2203984. [PMID: 36479815 PMCID: PMC9839874 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic toxicology provides a powerful approach to inform on the safety of chemicals and the development of safe-by-design compounds. Although toxicogenomics supports mechanistic evaluation of chemical exposures, its implementation into the regulatory framework is hindered by uncertainties in the analysis and interpretation of such data. The use of mechanistic evidence through the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept is promoted for the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs) that can reduce animal experimentation. However, to unleash the full potential of AOPs and build confidence into toxicogenomics, robust associations between AOPs and patterns of molecular alteration need to be established. Systematic curation of molecular events to AOPs will create the much-needed link between toxicogenomics and systemic mechanisms depicted by the AOPs. This, in turn, will introduce novel ways of benefitting from the AOPs, including predictive models and targeted assays, while also reducing the need for multiple testing strategies. Hence, a multi-step strategy to annotate AOPs is developed, and the resulting associations are applied to successfully highlight relevant adverse outcomes for chemical exposures with strong in vitro and in vivo convergence, supporting chemical grouping and other data-driven approaches. Finally, a panel of AOP-derived in vitro biomarkers for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is identified and experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Jack Morikka
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Alisa Pavel
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Seela Korpilähde
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Giusy del Giudice
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Michele Fratello
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
| | - Angela Serra
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Tampere Institute for Advanced StudyTampere UniversityKalevantie 4Tampere33100Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches (FHAIVE)Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityArvo Ylpön katu 34Tampere33520Finland
- Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of HelsinkiP.O.Box 56HelsinkiUusimaa00014Finland
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11
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Cai Y, Chang SY, Gan SW, Ma S, Lu WF, Yen CC. Nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Acta Biomater 2022; 151:45-69. [PMID: 35970479 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an advanced technology to fabricate artificial 3D tissue constructs containing cells and hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanocomposite reinforcement endows hydrogels with superior properties and tailored functionalities. A broad range of nanomaterials, including silicon-based, ceramic-based, cellulose-based, metal-based, and carbon-based nanomaterials, have been incorporated into hydrogel networks with encapsulated cells for improved performances. This review emphasizes the recent developments of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting, focusing on their reinforcement effects and mechanisms, including viscosity, shear-thinning property, printability, mechanical properties, structural integrity, and biocompatibility. The cell-material interactions are discussed to elaborate on the underlying mechanisms between the cells and the nanomaterials. The biomedical applications of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks are summarized with a focus on bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Finally, the limitations and challenges of current cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks are identified. The prospects are concluded in designing multi-component bioinks with multi-functionality for various biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 3D bioprinting, an emerging technology of additive manufacturing, has been one of the most innovative tools for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent developments of cell-laden nanocomposite bioinks for 3D bioprinting, and cell-materials interactions are the subject of this review paper. The reinforcement effects and mechanisms of nanocomposites on viscosity, printability and biocompatibility of bioinks and 3D printed scaffolds are addressed mainly for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. It provides detailed information for further designing and optimizing multi-component bioinks with multi-functionality for specialized biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Cai
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soon Yee Chang
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Soo Wah Gan
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sha Ma
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wen Feng Lu
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Ching-Chiuan Yen
- NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117356, Singapore.
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12
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Svadlakova T, Holmannova D, Kolackova M, Malkova A, Krejsek J, Fiala Z. Immunotoxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials, Starring Phagocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168889. [PMID: 36012161 PMCID: PMC9408998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Svadlakova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Drahomira Holmannova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Malkova
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Fiala
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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13
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Toxicologic Concerns with Current Medical Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147597. [PMID: 35886945 PMCID: PMC9322368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the scientific advances in technology. Nanoparticles (NPs) are small materials ranging from 1 to 100 nm. When the shape of the supplied nanoparticles changes, the physiological response of the cells can be very different. Several characteristics of NPs such as the composition, surface chemistry, surface charge, and shape are also important parameters affecting the toxicity of nanomaterials. This review covered specific topics that address the effects of NPs on nanomedicine. Furthermore, mechanisms of different types of nanomaterial-induced cytotoxicities were described. The distributions of different NPs in organs and their adverse effects were also emphasized. This review provides insight into the scientific community interested in nano(bio)technology, nanomedicine, and nanotoxicology. The content may also be of interest to a broad range of scientists.
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14
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Bernstein DM. The health effects of short fiber chrysotile and amphibole asbestos. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:89-112. [PMID: 35703172 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2056430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The potential toxic effects of short chrysotile and amphibole asbestos fibers with lengths <5 to ∼10 µm have been debated over the years. This stems from the large database of epidemiology, toxicology, and in-vitro studies, each of which often provides different information in understanding and differentiating the effects of short fibers. The epidemiology studies in which the cancer potency estimates were based upon relatively high exposure concentrations provide a conservative assessment that shorter fibers would have little if any effect, especially under controlled exposure or environmental conditions that may occur today. The QSAR models have shown that fiber aspect ratio and Mg content are excellent predictors of cancer potency and that short fibers/particles of amphibole would have no effect. The studies of motor vehicle mechanics and in particular workers who serviced chrysotile containing brakes with the majority of the fibers being short provides evidence that motor vehicle mechanics, including workers who were engaged in brake repair, are not at an increased risk of mesothelioma. Several inhalation toxicology studies clearly differentiated that short chrysotile and amphibole asbestos fibers did not produce a significant carcinogenic effect in the lung or pleural cavity. Because of dosing and lack of sensitivity to biosolubility, in vitro studies can be difficult to interpret; however, a number have differentiated short chrysotile and amphibole asbestos fibers from long fibers. Integral to understanding the importance of fiber length in determining possible health effects is an understanding of the biological and physiological function of the respiratory system. Short asbestos fibers, like innocuous dust, can be cleared through the tracheobronchial ciliated mucous transport, phagocytized by macrophages and cleared via the bronchial tree, and can also be removed through the lymphatic system. While the first two methods can remove them from the lung, with lymphatic transport through one-way valves, fibers are removed from the active area of the lung where the fiber-related disease has been shown to develop and can accumulate in lymphatic sumps and lymph nodes. While short asbestos fibers are present in most occupational or environmental exposures, the large body of studies strongly supports that they do not contribute to the health effects of asbestos exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bernstein
- Consultant in Toxicology, 40 Chemin de la Petite-Boissière, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Hofer S, Hofstätter N, Punz B, Hasenkopf I, Johnson L, Himly M. Immunotoxicity of nanomaterials in health and disease: Current challenges and emerging approaches for identifying immune modifiers in susceptible populations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1804. [PMID: 36416020 PMCID: PMC9787548 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanosafety assessment has experienced an intense era of research during the past decades driven by a vivid interest of regulators, industry, and society. Toxicological assays based on in vitro cellular models have undergone an evolution from experimentation using nanoparticulate systems on singular epithelial cell models to employing advanced complex models more realistically mimicking the respective body barriers for analyzing their capacity to alter the immune state of exposed individuals. During this phase, a number of lessons were learned. We have thus arrived at a state where the next chapters have to be opened, pursuing the following objectives: (1) to elucidate underlying mechanisms, (2) to address effects on vulnerable groups, (3) to test material mixtures, and (4) to use realistic doses on (5) sophisticated models. Moreover, data reproducibility has become a significant demand. In this context, we studied the emerging concept of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) from the perspective of immune activation and modulation resulting in pro-inflammatory versus tolerogenic responses. When considering the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, protein corona formation represents the relevant molecular initiating event (e.g., by potential alterations of nanomaterial-adsorbed proteins). Using this as an example, we illustrate how integrated experimental-computational workflows combining in vitro assays with in silico models aid in data enrichment and upon comprehensive ontology-annotated (meta)data upload to online repositories assure FAIRness (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability). Such digital twinning may, in future, assist in early-stage decision-making during therapeutic development, and hence, promote safe-by-design innovation in nanomedicine. Moreover, it may, in combination with in silico-based exposure-relevant dose-finding, serve for risk monitoring in particularly loaded areas, for example, workplaces, taking into account pre-existing health conditions. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Hofer
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Norbert Hofstätter
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Benjamin Punz
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Ingrid Hasenkopf
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Litty Johnson
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
| | - Martin Himly
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Biosciences & Medical BiologyParis Lodron University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria
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16
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Yaghoubi A, Ramazani A, Ghasemzadeh H. Synthesis of physically crosslinked PAM/CNT flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films via a destructive approach. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39095-39107. [PMID: 35492498 PMCID: PMC9044412 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07825a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based hydrogels have recently found a wide variety of applications due to the unique physical and chemical properties of CNTs. CNTs can be used as a nanofiller and/or crosslinker to produce nanocomposite hydrogels with good mechanical and structural properties. In this research, a novel method was reported for producing polyacrylamide (PAM)/oxidized-multiwalled carbon nanotube (O-MWCNT) flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films without using any organic cross-linker or surfactant. Through a mechanism dependent on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), some O-MWCNTs were broken down in situ into small flakes in the aqueous solutions containing acrylamide (AM) and sodium persulfate (NaPS) at the temperature range of 85–90 °C. Simultaneously, in situ polymerization of the AM monomers occurred using free radicals, which resulted in the formation of PAM chains. The flakes acted as crosslinkers by forming hydrogen bonds with PAM chains and formed a hydrogel network after 48 h at room temperature. The hydrogels were characterized by different techniques (FT-IR, Raman, FE-SEM, TEM, TGA, tensile test). The porous structure of the hydrogel films as well as micro-network structures with unique morphologies were observed by SEM. The O-MWCNT flakes and some undegraded O-MWCNTs in the hydrogel network were also observed by TEM. The results showed that PC2I2H hydrogel film, as an evolved hydrogel, has excellent swelling performance in aqueous solutions at different pH and temperatures. In addition, this hydrogel showed a tensile strength of 103 MPa in the dry state and an elongation of 703% in the swollen state. Novel PAM/CNT flakes nanocomposite hydrogel films were synthesized by in situ degradation of the oxidized-MWCNTs into flakes using persulfate activation. The flakes crosslinked the PAM chains via hydrogen bonding to form a hydrogel network.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Yaghoubi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran .,Department of Biotechnology, Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques (RIMBT), University of Zanjan 45371-38791 Zanjan Iran
| | - Hossein Ghasemzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University Qazvin 34148-96818 Iran
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17
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Mezzasalma SA, Grassi L, Grassi M. Physical and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in view of mechanistic neuroscience investigations. Some outlook from condensed matter, materials science and physical chemistry. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 131:112480. [PMID: 34857266 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The open border between non-living and living matter, suggested by increasingly emerging fields of nanoscience interfaced to biological systems, requires a detailed knowledge of nanomaterials properties. An account of the wide spectrum of phenomena, belonging to physical chemistry of interfaces, materials science, solid state physics at the nanoscale and bioelectrochemistry, thus is acquainted for a comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes interphased with neuron cells. This review points out a number of conceptual tools to further address the ongoing advances in coupling neuronal networks with (carbon) nanotube meshworks, and to deepen the basic issues that govern a biological cell or tissue interacting with a nanomaterial. Emphasis is given here to the properties and roles of carbon nanotube systems at relevant spatiotemporal scales of individual molecules, junctions and molecular layers, as well as to the point of view of a condensed matter or materials scientist. Carbon nanotube interactions with blood-brain barrier, drug delivery, biocompatibility and functionalization issues are also regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano A Mezzasalma
- Ruder Bošković Institute, Materials Physics Division, Bijeniška cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Lund Institute for advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund University, IDEON Building, Delta 5, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Lucia Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, Trieste University, via Valerio 6, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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18
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Khorsandi Z, Borjian-Boroujeni M, Yekani R, Varma RS. Carbon nanomaterials with chitosan: A winning combination for drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Ravi Kiran AVVV, Kusuma Kumari G, Krishnamurthy PT, Khaydarov RR. Tumor microenvironment and nanotherapeutics: intruding the tumor fort. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7667-7704. [PMID: 34673853 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over recent years, advancements in nanomedicine have allowed new approaches to diagnose and treat tumors. Nano drug delivery systems exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and enter the tumor tissue's interstitial space. However, tumor barriers play a crucial role, and cause inefficient EPR or the homing effect. Mounting evidence supports the hypothesis that the components of the tumor microenvironment, such as the extracellular matrix, and cellular and physiological components collectively or cooperatively hinder entry and distribution of drugs, and therefore, limit the theragnostic applications of cancer nanomedicine. This abnormal tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer nanomedicine and was recently recognized as a promising target for improving nano-drug delivery and their therapeutic outcomes. Strategies like passive or active targeting, stimuli-triggered nanocarriers, and the modulation of immune components have shown promising results in achieving anticancer efficacy. The present review focuses on the tumor microenvironment and nanoparticle-based strategies (polymeric, inorganic and organic nanoparticles) for intruding the tumor barrier and improving therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammu V V V Ravi Kiran
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Garikapati Kusuma Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen T Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research), Ooty, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Renat R Khaydarov
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, 100047, Uzbekistan.
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20
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Guo J, Jiang H, Teng Y, Xiong Y, Chen Z, You L, Xiao D. Recent advances in magnetic carbon nanotubes: synthesis, challenges and highlighted applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9076-9099. [PMID: 34668920 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic carbon nanotubes (MCNTs), consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), have enormous exploration and application potentials due to their superior physical and chemical properties, such as unique magnetism and high enrichment performance. This review concentrates on the rapid advances in the synthesis and application of magnetic carbon nanotubes. Great progress has been made in the preparation of MCNTs by developing methods including chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis procedure, sol-gel process, template-based synthesis, filling process and hydrothermal/solvothermal method. Various applications of MCNTs as a mediator of the adsorbent in magnetic solid-phase extraction, sensors, antibacterial agents, and imaging system contrast agents, and in drug delivery and catalysis are discussed. In order to overcome the drawbacks of MCNTs, such as sidewall damage, lack of convincing quantitative characterization methods, toxicity and environmental impact, and deficiency of extraction performance, researchers proposed some solutions in recent years. We systematically review the latest advances in MCNTs and discuss the direction of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabei Guo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yan Teng
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhuhui Chen
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Linjun You
- Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Deli Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China.,Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 24 Tongjia Lane, Nanjing 210009, China
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21
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Cersosimo F, Barbarino M, Lonardi S, Vermi W, Giordano A, Bellan C, Giurisato E. Mesothelioma Malignancy and the Microenvironment: Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225664. [PMID: 34830817 PMCID: PMC8616064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that cellular and soluble components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) play a key role in cancer-initiation and progression. Considering the relevance and the complexity of TME in cancer biology, recent research has focused on the investigation of the TME content, in terms of players and informational exchange. Understanding the crosstalk between tumor and non-tumor cells is crucial to design more beneficial anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a complex and heterogenous tumor mainly caused by asbestos exposure with few treatment options and low life expectancy after standard therapy. MPM leukocyte infiltration is rich in macrophages. Given the failure of macrophages to eliminate asbestos fibers, these immune cells accumulate in pleural cavity leading to the establishment of a unique inflammatory environment and to the malignant transformation of mesothelial cells. In this inflammatory landscape, stromal and immune cells play a driven role to support tumor development and progression via a bidirectional communication with tumor cells. Characterization of the MPM microenvironment (MPM-ME) may be useful to understand the complexity of mesothelioma biology, such as to identify new molecular druggable targets, with the aim to improve the outcome of the disease. In this review, we summarize the known evidence about the MPM-ME network, including its prognostic and therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cersosimo
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Marcella Barbarino
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Silvia Lonardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (W.V.)
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25100 Brescia, Italy; (S.L.); (W.V.)
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.B.); (A.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-057-723-2125
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22
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Favor OK, Pestka JJ, Bates MA, Lee KSS. Centrality of Myeloid-Lineage Phagocytes in Particle-Triggered Inflammation and Autoimmunity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:777768. [PMID: 35295146 PMCID: PMC8915915 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.777768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to exogenous particles found as airborne contaminants or endogenous particles that form by crystallization of certain nutrients can activate inflammatory pathways and potentially accelerate autoimmunity onset and progression in genetically predisposed individuals. The first line of innate immunological defense against particles are myeloid-lineage phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, which recognize/internalize the particles, release inflammatory mediators, undergo programmed/unprogrammed death, and recruit/activate other leukocytes to clear the particles and resolve inflammation. However, immunogenic cell death and release of damage-associated molecules, collectively referred to as "danger signals," coupled with failure to efficiently clear dead/dying cells, can elicit unresolved inflammation, accumulation of self-antigens, and adaptive leukocyte recruitment/activation. Collectively, these events can promote loss of immunological self-tolerance and onset/progression of autoimmunity. This review discusses critical molecular mechanisms by which exogenous particles (i.e., silica, asbestos, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, aluminum-containing salts) and endogenous particles (i.e., monosodium urate, cholesterol crystals, calcium-containing salts) may promote unresolved inflammation and autoimmunity by inducing toxic responses in myeloid-lineage phagocytes with emphases on inflammasome activation and necrotic and programmed cell death pathways. A prototypical example is occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica, which is etiologically linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other human autoimmune diseases. Importantly, airway instillation of SLE-prone mice with crystalline silica elicits severe pulmonary pathology involving accumulation of particle-laden alveolar macrophages, dying and dead cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic debris, and neutrophilic inflammation that drive cytokine, chemokine, and interferon-regulated gene expression. Silica-induced immunogenic cell death and danger signal release triggers accumulation of T and B cells, along with IgG-secreting plasma cells, indicative of ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and broad-spectrum autoantibody production in the lung. These events drive early autoimmunity onset and accelerate end-stage autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Intriguingly, dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids have been demonstrated to be an intervention against silica-triggered murine autoimmunity. Taken together, further insight into how particles drive immunogenic cell death and danger signaling in myeloid-lineage phagocytes and how these responses are influenced by the genome will be essential for identification of novel interventions for preventing and treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases associated with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A. Bates
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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23
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Buitrago E, Novello AM, Fink A, Riediker M, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Meyer T. NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2768. [PMID: 34685208 PMCID: PMC8541324 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research in nanoscience continues to bring forward a steady stream of new nanomaterials and processes that are being developed and marketed. While scientific committees and expert groups deal with the harmonization of terminology and legal challenges, risk assessors in research labs continue to have to deal with the gap between regulations and rapidly developing information. The risk assessment of nanomaterial processes is currently slow and tedious because it is performed on a material-by-material basis. Safety data sheets are rarely available for (new) nanomaterials, and even when they are, they often lack nano-specific information. Exposure estimations or measurements are difficult to perform and require sophisticated and expensive equipment and personal expertise. The use of banding-based risk assessment tools for laboratory environments is an efficient way to evaluate the occupational risks associated with nanomaterials. Herein, we present an updated version of our risk assessment tool for working with nanomaterials based on a three-step control banding approach and the precautionary principle. The first step is to determine the hazard band of the nanomaterial. A decision tree allows the assignment of the material to one of three bands based on known or expected effects on human health. In the second step, the work exposure is evaluated and the processes are classified into three "nano" levels for each specific hazard band. The work exposure is estimated using a laboratory exposure model. The result of this calculation in combination with recommended occupational exposure limits (rOEL) for nanomaterials and an additional safety factor gives the final "nano" level. Finally, we update the technical, organizational, and personal protective measures to allow nanomaterial processes to be established in research environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.B.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Anna Maria Novello
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Occupational Health and Safety (OHS), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (E.B.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Alke Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.F.); (B.R.-R.)
| | - Michael Riediker
- SCOEH: Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Binzhofstrasse 87, CH-8404 Winterthur, Switzerland;
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Ch. des Verdiers 4, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (A.F.); (B.R.-R.)
| | - Thierry Meyer
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Group of Chemical and Physical Safety (ISIC-GSCP), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Keshavan S, Gupta G, Martin S, Fadeel B. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes trigger lysosome-dependent cell death (pyroptosis) in macrophages but not in neutrophils. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:1125-1150. [PMID: 34657549 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1988171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been extensively investigated, and several studies have shown that multi-walled CNTs can trigger inflammation and fibrosis in animal models. However, while neutrophils are involved in inflammation, most in vitro studies have addressed macrophages. Here we explored the impact of three MWCNTs with varying morphology (i.e. long and rigid versus short and/or tangled) on primary human macrophages and macrophage-differentiated THP-1 cells versus primary human neutrophils and neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells. We found that long and rigid MWCNTs triggered caspase-dependent cell death in macrophages, accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated release of pro-inflammatory IL-1β. The release of IL-1β was suppressed by disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug known to act as an inhibitor of membrane pore formation by GSDMD. Evidence of autophagic cell death was noted in macrophages exposed to higher concentrations of the long and rigid MWCNTs. Furthermore, lysosomal damage with cytosolic release of cathepsin B was observed in macrophages exposed to the latter MWCNTs. On the other hand, there was little evidence of uptake of MWCNTs in neutrophils and the cells failed to undergo MWCNT-triggered cell death. Our studies have demonstrated that long and rigid MWCNTs trigger pyroptosis in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Govind Gupta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastin Martin
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Carbon-Based Nanomaterials Increase Reactivity of Primary Monocytes towards Various Bacteria and Modulate Their Differentiation into Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102510. [PMID: 34684950 PMCID: PMC8537728 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of carbon-based nanomaterials' (C-BNMs') interactions with the immune system, notably their ability to cause inflammation, is a critical step in C-BNM health risk assessment. Particular attention should be given to those C-BNMs that do not cause direct cytotoxicity or inflammation on their own. However, the intracellular presence of these non-biodegradable nanomaterials could dysregulate additional cell functions. This is even more crucial in the case of phagocytes, which are the main mediators of defensive inflammation towards pathogens. Hence, our study was focused on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and two different types of graphene platelets (GPs) and whether their intracellular presence modulates a proinflammatory response from human primary monocytes towards common pathogens. Firstly, we confirmed that all tested C-BNMs caused neither direct cytotoxicity nor the release of tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-10. However, such pre-exposed monocytes showed increased responsiveness to additional bacterial stimuli. In response to several types of bacteria, monocytes pre-treated with GP1 produced a significantly higher quantity of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10. Monocytes pre-treated with MWCNTs produced increased levels of IL-10. All the tested C-BNMs enhanced monocyte phagocytosis and accelerated their differentiation towards macrophages. This study confirms the immunomodulatory potential of C-BNMs.
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26
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Di Ianni E, Erdem JS, Møller P, Sahlgren NM, Poulsen SS, Knudsen KB, Zienolddiny S, Saber AT, Wallin H, Vogel U, Jacobsen NR. In vitro-in vivo correlations of pulmonary inflammogenicity and genotoxicity of MWCNT. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:25. [PMID: 34301283 PMCID: PMC8299626 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) have received attention due to extraordinary properties, resulting in concerns for occupational health and safety. Costs and ethical concerns of animal testing drive a need for in vitro models with predictive power in respiratory toxicity. The aim of this study was to assess pro-inflammatory response (Interleukin-8 expression, IL-8) and genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) caused by MWCNT with different physicochemical properties in different pulmonary cell models and correlate these to previously published in vivo data. Seven MWCNT were selected; two long/thick (NRCWE-006/Mitsui-7 and NM-401), two short/thin (NM-400 and NM-403), a pristine (NRCWE-040) and two surface modified; hydroxylated (NRCWE-041) and carboxylated (NRCWE-042). Carbon black Printex90 (CB) was included as benchmark material. Human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) and monocyte-derived macrophages (THP-1a) were exposed to nanomaterials (NM) in submerged conditions, and two materials (NM-400 and NM-401) in co-cultures of A549/THP-1a and lung fibroblasts (WI-38) in an air-liquid interface (ALI) system. Effective doses were quantified by thermo-gravimetric-mass spectrometry analysis (TGA-MS). To compare genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, we developed a scoring system based on a categorization of effects into standard deviation (SD) units (< 1, 1, 2, 3 or 4 standard deviation increases) for the increasing genotoxicity. Results Effective doses were shown to be 25 to 53%, and 21 to 57% of the doses administered to A549 and THP-1a, respectively. In submerged conditions (A549 and THP-1a cells), all NM induced dose-dependent IL-8 expression. NM-401 and NRCWE-006 caused the strongest pro-inflammatory response. In the ALI-exposed co-culture, only NM-401 caused increased IL-8 expression, and no DNA strand breaks were observed. Strong correlations were found between in vitro and in vivo inflammation when doses were normalized by surface area (also proxy for diameter and length). Significantly increased DNA damage was found for all MWCNT in THP-1a cells, and for short MWCNT in A549 cells. A concordance in genotoxicity of 83% was obtained between THP-1a cells and broncho-alveolar lavaged (BAL) cells. Conclusion This study shows correlations of pro-inflammatory potential in A549 and THP-1a cells with neutrophil influx in mice, and concordance in genotoxic response between THP-1a cells and BAL cells, for seven MWCNT. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00413-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Di Ianni
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Søs Poulsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina Bram Knudsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Evaxion Biotech, DK-1260, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Thoustrup Saber
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wallin
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nicklas Raun Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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27
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Casañ-Pastor N. Nanocarbon-Iridium Oxide Nanostructured Hybrids as Large Charge Capacity Electrostimulation Electrodes for Neural Repair. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144236. [PMID: 34299511 PMCID: PMC8303498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructuring nanocarbons with IrOx yields to material coatings with large charge capacities for neural electrostimulation, and large reproducibility in time, that carbons do not exhibit. This work shows the contributions of carbon and the different nanostructures present, as well as the impact of functionalizing graphene with oxygen and nitrogen, and the effects of including conducting polymers within the hybrid materials. Different mammalian neural growth models differentiate the roles of the substrate material in absence and in presence of applied electric fields and address optimal electrodes for the future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Casañ-Pastor
- Solid State Chemistry Department, Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona, CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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28
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Sridharan S, Taylor-Just A, Bonner JC. Osteopontin mRNA expression by rat mesothelial cells exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a potential biomarker of chronic neoplastic transformation in vitro. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 73:105126. [PMID: 33652123 PMCID: PMC8085121 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a cancer of the lung pleura primarily associated with inhalation of asbestos fibers. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are engineered nanomaterials that pose a potential risk for mesothelioma due to properties that are similar to asbestos. Inhaled MWCNTs migrate to the pleura in rodents and some types cause mesothelioma. Like asbestos, there is a diversity of MWCNT types. We investigated the neoplastic potential of tangled (tMWCNT) versus rigid (rMWCNT) after chronic exposure using serial passages of rat mesothelial cells in vitro. Normal rat mesothelial (NRM2) cells were exposed to tMWCNTs or rMWCNTs for 45 weeks over 85 passages to determine if exposure resulted in transformation to a neoplastic phenotype. Rat mesothelioma (ME1) cells were used as a positive control. Osteopontin (OPN) mRNA was assayed as a biomarker of transformation by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and transformation was determined by a cell invasion assay. Exposure to rMWCNTs, but not tMWCNTs, resulted in transformation of NRM2 cells into an invasive phenotype that was similar to ME1 cells. Moreover, exposure of NRM2 cells to rMWCNTs increased OPN mRNA that correlated with cellular transformation. These data suggest that OPN is a potential biomarker that should be further investigated to screen the carcinogenicity of MWCNTs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreepradha Sridharan
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Alexia Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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29
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Chall A, Stagg J, Mixson A, Gato E, Quirino RL, Sittaramane V. Ablation of cells in mice using antibody-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Ab-MWCNTs) in combination with microwaves. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:195102. [PMID: 33540388 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe32a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a proof-of-principle study on the combination of microwaves and multiwalled carbon nanotubes to induce in vivo, localized hyperthermic ablation of cells as a potential methodology for the treatment of localized tumors. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach can create higher temperatures in a rapid and localized fashion, under low radiation levels, eliminating some of the unwanted side effects. Following successful ablation of cancer cells in cell culture and zebrafish tumor-xenograft models, it is hypothesized that a cancer treatment can be developed using safe microwave irradiation for selective ablation of tumor cells in vivo using carbon nanotube-Antibody (CNT-Ab) conjugates as a targeting agent. In this study, mice were used as an animal model for the optimization of the proposed microwave treatment strategy. The safe dose of CNT-Ab and microwave radiation levels for mice were determined. Further, CNT-Ab distribution and toxicology in mice were qualitatively determined for a time span of two weeks following microwave hyperthermia. The results indicate no toxicity associated with the CNT-Ab in the absence of microwaves. CNTs are only found in the proximity of the site of injection and have been shown to effectively cause hyperthermia induced necrosis upon exposure to microwaves with no noticeable damage to other tissues that are not in direct contact with the CNT-Ab. To understand the cellular immune response towards CNT-Abs, transgenic zebrafish with fluorescently labeled macrophages and neutrophils were used to assay for their ability to phagocytize CNT-Ab. Our results indicate that macrophages and neutrophils were able to actively phagocytose CNT-Abs shortly after injection. Taken together, this is the first study to show that CNTs can be used in combination with microwaves to cause targeted ablation of cells in mice without any side effects, which would be ideal for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Chall
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - John Stagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Andrew Mixson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Eric Gato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Rafael L Quirino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, United States of America
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30
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Innes E, Yiu HHP, McLean P, Brown W, Boyles M. Simulated biological fluids - a systematic review of their biological relevance and use in relation to inhalation toxicology of particles and fibres. Crit Rev Toxicol 2021; 51:217-248. [PMID: 33905298 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1903386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The use of simulated biological fluids (SBFs) is a promising in vitro technique to better understand the release mechanisms and possible in vivo behaviour of materials, including fibres, metal-containing particles and nanomaterials. Applications of SBFs in dissolution tests allow a measure of material biopersistence or, conversely, bioaccessibility that in turn can provide a useful inference of a materials biodistribution, its acute and long-term toxicity, as well as its pathogenicity. Given the wide range of SBFs reported in the literature, a review was conducted, with a focus on fluids used to replicate environments that may be encountered upon material inhalation, including extracellular and intracellular compartments. The review aims to identify when a fluid design can replicate realistic biological conditions, demonstrate operation validation, and/or provide robustness and reproducibility. The studies examined highlight simulated lung fluids (SLFs) that have been shown to suitably replicate physiological conditions, and identify specific components that play a pivotal role in dissolution mechanisms and biological activity; including organic molecules, redox-active species and chelating agents. Material dissolution was not always driven by pH, and likewise not only driven by SLF composition; specific materials and formulations correspond to specific dissolution mechanisms. It is recommended that SLF developments focus on biological predictivity and if not practical, on better biological mimicry, as such an approach ensures results are more likely to reflect in vivo behaviour regardless of the material under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Innes
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - Humphrey H P Yiu
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Polly McLean
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
| | - William Brown
- Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM), Edinburgh, UK
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31
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Johnston ST, Faria M, Crampin EJ. Understanding nano-engineered particle-cell interactions: biological insights from mathematical models. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2139-2156. [PMID: 36133772 PMCID: PMC9417320 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between nano-engineered particles and cells is necessary for the rational design of particles for therapeutic, diagnostic and imaging purposes. In particular, the informed design of particles relies on the quantification of the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the particles and the rate at which cells interact with, and subsequently internalise, particles. Quantitative models, both mathematical and computational, provide a powerful tool for elucidating this relationship, as well as for understanding the mechanisms governing the intertwined processes of interaction and internalisation. Here we review the different types of mathematical and computational models that have been used to examine particle-cell interactions and particle internalisation. We detail the mathematical methodology for each type of model, the benefits and limitations associated with the different types of models, and highlight the advances in understanding gleaned from the application of these models to experimental observations of particle internalisation. We discuss the recent proposal and ongoing community adoption of standardised experimental reporting, and how this adoption is an important step toward unlocking the full potential of modelling approaches. Finally, we consider future directions in quantitative models of particle-cell interactions and highlight the need for hybrid experimental and theoretical investigations to address hitherto unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Matthew Faria
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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32
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Murphy F, Dekkers S, Braakhuis H, Ma-Hock L, Johnston H, Janer G, di Cristo L, Sabella S, Jacobsen NR, Oomen AG, Haase A, Fernandes T, Stone V. An integrated approach to testing and assessment of high aspect ratio nanomaterials and its application for grouping based on a common mesothelioma hazard. NANOIMPACT 2021; 22:100314. [PMID: 35559971 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the development of an Integrated Approach to Testing and Assessment (IATA) to support the grouping of different types (nanoforms; NFs) of High Aspect Ratio Nanomaterials (HARNs), based on their potential to cause mesothelioma. Hazards posed by the inhalation of HARNs are of particular concern as they exhibit physical characteristics similar to pathogenic asbestos fibres. The approach for grouping HARNs presented here is part of a framework to provide guidance and tools to group similar NFs and aims to reduce the need to assess toxicity on a case-by-case basis. The approach to grouping is hypothesis-driven, in which the hypothesis is based on scientific evidence linking critical physicochemical descriptors for NFs to defined fate/toxicokinetic and hazard outcomes. The HARN IATA prompts users to address relevant questions (at decision nodes; DNs) regarding the morphology, biopersistence and inflammatory potential of the HARNs under investigation to provide the necessary evidence to accept or reject the grouping hypothesis. Each DN in the IATA is addressed in a tiered manner, using data from simple in vitro or in silico methods in the lowest tier or from in vivo approaches in the highest tier. For these proposed methods we provide justification for the critical descriptors and thresholds that allow grouping decisions to be made. Application of the IATA allows the user to selectively identify HARNs which may pose a mesothelioma hazard, as demonstrated through a literature-based case study. By promoting the use of alternative, non-rodent approaches such as in silico modelling, in vitro and cell-free tests in the initial tiers, the IATA testing strategy streamlines information gathering at all stages of innovation through to regulatory risk assessment while reducing the ethical, time and economic burden of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Murphy
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hedwig Braakhuis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- BASF SE, Dept. Material Physics and Dept of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Gemma Janer
- LEITAT Technological Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Keshavan S, Andón FT, Gallud A, Chen W, Reinert K, Tran L, Fadeel B. Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:883. [PMID: 33808372 PMCID: PMC8067081 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials are potentially very useful for a variety of applications, but studies are needed to ascertain whether these materials pose a risk to human health. Here, we studied three benchmark nanomaterials (Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) procured from the nanomaterial repository at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Having established a sub-lethal concentration of these materials using two human cell lines representative of the immune system and the lungs, respectively, we performed RNA sequencing of the macrophage-like cell line after exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed significant effects on chemokine signaling pathways. CCR2 was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in MWCNT-exposed cells. Using multiplex assays to evaluate cytokine and chemokine secretion, we could show significant effects of MWCNTs on several chemokines, including CCL2, a ligand of CCR2. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating sub-lethal concentrations of nanomaterials in relevant target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Keshavan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Fernando Torres Andón
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine & Chronic Diseases, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Audrey Gallud
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Wei Chen
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Knut Reinert
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Lang Tran
- Statistics and Toxicology Section, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, UK;
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.K.); (F.T.A.); (A.G.)
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Mohd Nurazzi N, Asyraf M, Khalina A, Abdullah N, Sabaruddin FA, Kamarudin SH, Ahmad S, Mahat AM, Lee CL, Aisyah HA, Norrrahim MNF, Ilyas RA, Harussani MM, Ishak MR, Sapuan SM. Fabrication, Functionalization, and Application of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polymer Composite: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1047. [PMID: 33810584 PMCID: PMC8037012 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanomaterials has been surging since 1991 due to their noticeable mechanical and electrical properties, as well as their good electron transport properties. This is evidence that the development of CNT-reinforced polymer composites could contribute in expanding many areas of use, from energy-related devices to structural components. As a promising material with a wide range of applications, their poor solubility in aqueous and organic solvents has hindered the utilizations of CNTs. The current state of research in CNTs-both single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced polymer composites-was reviewed in the context of the presently employed covalent and non-covalent functionalization. As such, this overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil the successful development associated with CNT-incorporated polymer composites. The mechanisms related to the mechanical, thermal, and electrical performance of CNT-reinforced polymer composites is also discussed. It is vital to understand how the addition of CNTs in a polymer composite alters the microstructure at the micro- and nano-scale, as well as how these modifications influence overall structural behavior, not only in its as fabricated form but also its functionalization techniques. The technological superiority gained with CNT addition to polymer composites may be advantageous, but scientific values are here to be critically explored for reliable, sustainable, and structural reliability in different industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norizan Mohd Nurazzi
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - M.R.M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdan Khalina
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Norli Abdullah
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Athiyah Sabaruddin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hasnah Kamarudin
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - So’bah Ahmad
- School of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia; (S.H.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Annie Maria Mahat
- Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Chuan Li Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor 81310, Malaysia;
| | - M. M. Harussani
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; (F.A.S.); (C.L.L.); (H.A.A.); (M.M.H.); (S.M.S.)
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Lin H, Song Z, Bianco A. How macrophages respond to two-dimensional materials: a critical overview focusing on toxicity. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2021; 56:333-356. [PMID: 33760696 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1885262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With wider use of graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional (2 D) materials in various fields, including electronics, composites, biomedicine, etc., 2 D materials can trigger undesired effects at cellular, tissue and organ level. Macrophages can be found in many organs. They are one of the most important cells in the immune system and they are relevant in the study of nanomaterials as they phagocytose them. Nanomaterials have multi-faceted effects on phagocytic immune cells like macrophages, showing signs of inflammation in the form of pro-inflammatory cytokine or reactive oxidation species production, or upregulation of activation markers due to the presence of these foreign bodies. This review is catered to researchers interested in the potential impact and toxicity of 2 D materials, particularly in macrophages, focusing on few-layer graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, as well as other promising 2 D materials containing molybdenum, manganese, boron, phosphorus and tungsten. We describe applications relevant to the growing area of 2 D materials research, and the possible risks of ions and molecules used in the production of these promising 2 D materials, or those produced by the degradation and dissolution of 2 D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Lin
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Zhengmei Song
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alberto Bianco
- CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, France
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Torres-Ávalos JA, Cajero-Zul LR, Vázquez-Lepe M, López-Dellamary FA, Martínez-Richa A, Barrera-Rivera KA, López-Serrano F, Nuño-Donlucas SM. Synthesis of Poly(methacrylic acid-co-butyl acrylate) Grafted onto Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040533. [PMID: 33670340 PMCID: PMC7923197 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of a smart drug delivery system is a topic of current interest. Under this perspective, polymer nanocomposites (PNs) of butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), and functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTsf) were synthesized by in situ emulsion polymerization (IEP). Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and purified with steam. Purified CNTs were analyzed by FE-SEM and HR-TEM. CNTsf contain acyl chloride groups attached to their surface. Purified and functionalized CNTs were studied by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. The synthesized nanocomposites were studied by XPS, 13C-NMR, and DSC. Anhydride groups link CNTsf to MAA-BA polymeric chains. The potentiality of the prepared nanocomposites, and of their pure polymer matrices to deliver hydrocortisone, was evaluated in vitro by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The relationship between the chemical structure of the synthesized nanocomposites, or their pure polymeric matrices, and their ability to release hydrocortisone was studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. The hydrocortisone release profile of some of the studied nanocomposites is driven by a change in the inter-associated to self-associated hydrogen bonds balance. The CNTsf used to prepare the studied nanocomposites act as hydrocortisone reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué A. Torres-Ávalos
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (J.A.T.-Á.); (L.R.C.-Z.)
| | - Leonardo R. Cajero-Zul
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (J.A.T.-Á.); (L.R.C.-Z.)
| | - Milton Vázquez-Lepe
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Proyectos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45100, Mexico;
| | | | - Antonio Martínez-Richa
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (K.A.B.-R.)
| | - Karla A. Barrera-Rivera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (K.A.B.-R.)
| | - Francisco López-Serrano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Sergio M. Nuño-Donlucas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico; (J.A.T.-Á.); (L.R.C.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Najahi-Missaoui W, Arnold RD, Cummings BS. Safe Nanoparticles: Are We There Yet? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010385. [PMID: 33396561 PMCID: PMC7794803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of nanotechnology has grown over the last two decades and made the transition from the benchtop to applied technologies. Nanoscale-sized particles, or nanoparticles, have emerged as promising tools with broad applications in drug delivery, diagnostics, cosmetics and several other biological and non-biological areas. These advances lead to questions about nanoparticle safety. Despite considerable efforts to understand the toxicity and safety of these nanoparticles, many of these questions are not yet fully answered. Nevertheless, these efforts have identified several approaches to minimize and prevent nanoparticle toxicity to promote safer nanotechnology. This review summarizes our current knowledge on nanoparticles, their toxic effects, their interactions with mammalian cells and finally current approaches to minimizing their toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wided Najahi-Missaoui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-6552; Fax: +70-6542-5358
| | - Robert D. Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian S. Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Saleemi MA, Hosseini Fouladi M, Yong PVC, Chinna K, Palanisamy NK, Wong EH. Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Molecular Mechanisms, Signaling Cascades, and Remedies in Biomedical Applications. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:24-46. [PMID: 33319996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most studied allotropic form of carbon. They can be used in various biomedical applications due to their novel physicochemical properties. In particular, the small size of CNTs, with a large surface area per unit volume, has a considerable impact on their toxicity. Despite of the use of CNTs in various applications, toxicity is a big problem that requires more research. In this Review, we discuss the toxicity of CNTs and the associated mechanisms. Physicochemical factors, such as metal impurities, length, size, solubilizing agents, CNTs functionalization, and agglomeration, that may lead to oxidative stress, toxic signaling pathways, and potential ways to control these mechanisms are also discussed. Moreover, with the latest mechanistic evidence described in this Review, we expect to give new insights into CNTs' toxicological effects at the molecular level and provide new clues for the mitigation of harmful effects emerging from exposure to CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansab Ali Saleemi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hosseini Fouladi
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Phelim Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Navindra Kumari Palanisamy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Ogorodnik E, Karsai A, Wang KH, Liu FT, Lo SH, Pinkerton KE, Gilbert B, Haudenschild DR, Liu GY. Direct Observations of Silver Nanowire-Induced Frustrated Phagocytosis among NR8383 Lung Alveolar Macrophages. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11584-11592. [PMID: 33306381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of long nanowires and living cells is directly related to nanowires' nanotoxicity and health impacts. Interactions of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and macrophage cell lines (NR8383) were investigated using laser scanning confocal microscopy and single cell compression (SCC). With high-resolution imaging and mechanics measurement of individual cells, AgNW-induced frustrated phagocytosis was clearly captured in conjunction with structural and property changes of cells. While frustrated phagocytosis is known for long microwires and long carbon nanotubes, this work reports first direct observations of frustrated phagocytosis of AgNWs among living cells in situ. In the case of partial penetration of AgNWs into NR8383 cells, confocal imaging revealed actin participation at the entry sites, whose behavior differs from microwire-induced frustrated phagocytosis. The impacts of frustrated phagocytosis on the cellular membrane and cytoskeleton were also quantified by measuring the mechanical properties using SCC. Taken collectively, this study reveals the structural and property characteristics of nanowire-induced frustrated phagocytosis, which deepens our understanding of nanowire-cell interactions and nanocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Ogorodnik
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Arpad Karsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dominik R Haudenschild
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, 95817, United States
| | - Gang-Yu Liu
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Taylor-Just AJ, Ihrie MD, Duke KS, Lee HY, You DJ, Hussain S, Kodali VK, Ziemann C, Creutzenberg O, Vulpoi A, Turcu F, Potara M, Todea M, van den Brule S, Lison D, Bonner JC. The pulmonary toxicity of carboxylated or aminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in mice is determined by the prior purification method. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:60. [PMID: 33243293 PMCID: PMC7690083 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) poses a potential risk to human health. In order to safeguard workers and consumers, the toxic properties of MWCNTs need to be identified. Functionalization has been shown to either decrease or increase MWCNT-related pulmonary injury, depending on the type of modification. We, therefore, investigated both acute and chronic pulmonary toxicity of a library of MWCNTs derived from a common pristine parent compound (NC7000). Methods MWCNTs were thermally or chemically purified and subsequently surface functionalized by carboxylation or amination. To evaluate pulmonary toxicity, male C57BL6 mice were dosed via oropharyngeal aspiration with either 1.6 or 4 mg/kg of each MWCNT type. Mitsui-7 MWCNT was used as a positive control. Necropsy was performed at days 3 and 60 post-exposure to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results At day 3 all MWCNTs increased the number of neutrophils in BALF. Chemical purification had a greater effect on pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1) in BALF, while thermal purification had a greater effect on pro-fibrotic cytokines (CCL2, OPN, TGF-β1). At day 60, thermally purified, carboxylated MWCNTs had the strongest effect on lymphocyte numbers in BALF. Thermally purified MWCNTs caused the greatest increase in LDH and total protein in BALF. Furthermore, the thermally purified and carboxyl- or amine-functionalized MWCNTs caused the greatest number of granulomatous lesions in the lungs. The physicochemical characteristics mainly associated with increased toxicity of the thermally purified derivatives were decreased surface defects and decreased amorphous content as indicated by Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that the purification method is an important determinant of lung toxicity induced by carboxyl- and amine-functionalized MWCNTs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-020-00390-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia J Taylor-Just
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Mark D Ihrie
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Katherine S Duke
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Dorothy J You
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Vamsi K Kodali
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Christina Ziemann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Otto Creutzenberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adriana Vulpoi
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Turcu
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Milica Todea
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - James C Bonner
- Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Suite 1104, Toxicology Building, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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Bertero A, Colombo G, Cortinovis C, Bassi V, Moschini E, Bellitto N, Perego MC, Albonico M, Astori E, Dalle-Donne I, Gedanken A, Perelshtein I, Mantecca P, Caloni F. In vitro copper oxide nanoparticle toxicity on intestinal barrier. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:291-302. [PMID: 33107989 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) has increased greatly and their potential effects on human health need to be investigated. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were treated from the apical (Ap) and the basolateral (Bl) compartment with different concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of commercial or sonochemically synthesized (sono) CuO NPs. Sono NPs were prepared in ethanol (CuOe) or in water (CuOw), obtaining CuO NPs differing in size and shape. The effects on the Caco-2 cell barrier were assessed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) evaluation just before and after 1, 2 and 24 hours of exposure and through the analysis of cytokine release and biomarkers of oxidative damage to proteins after 24 hours. Sono CuOe and CuOw NPs induced a TEER decrease with a dose-dependent pattern after Bl exposure. Conversely, TEER values were not affected by the Ap exposure to commercial CuO NPs and, concerning the Bl exposure, only the lowest concentration tested (10 μg/mL) caused a TEER decrease after 24 hours of exposure. An increased release of interleukin-8 was induced by sono CuO NPs after the Ap exposure to 100 μg/mL and by sono and commercial CuO after the Bl exposure to all the concentrations. No effects of commercial and sono CuO NPs on interleukin-6 (with the only exception of 100 μg/mL Bl commercial CuO) and tumor necrosis factor-α release were observed. Ap treatment with commercial and CuOw NPs was able to induce significant alterations on specific biomarkers of protein oxidative damage (protein sulfhydryl group oxidation and protein carbonylation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bertero
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cortinovis
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Nicholas Bellitto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Albonico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), with unique graphitic structure, superior mechanical, electrical, optical and biological properties, has attracted more and more interests in biomedical applications, including gene/drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensor and tissue engineering. In this review, we focus on the role of CNTs and their polymeric composites in tissue engineering applications, with emphasis on their usages in the nerve, cardiac and bone tissue regenerations. The intrinsic natures of CNTs including their physical and chemical properties are first introduced, explaining the structure effects on CNTs electrical conductivity and various functionalization of CNTs to improve their hydrophobic characteristics. Biosafety issues of CNTs are also discussed in detail including the potential reasons to induce the toxicity and their potential strategies to minimise the toxicity effects. Several processing strategies including solution-based processing, polymerization, melt-based processing and grafting methods are presented to show the 2D/3D construct formations using the polymeric composite containing CNTs. For the sake of improving mechanical, electrical and biological properties and minimising the potential toxicity effects, recent advances using polymer/CNT composite the tissue engineering applications are displayed and they are mainly used in the neural tissue (to improve electrical conductivity and biological properties), cardiac tissue (to improve electrical, elastic properties and biological properties) and bone tissue (to improve mechanical properties and biological properties). Current limitations of CNTs in the tissue engineering are discussed and the corresponded future prospective are also provided. Overall, this review indicates that CNTs are promising “next-generation” materials for future biomedical applications.
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Yang T, Chen J, Gao L, Huang Y, Liao G, Cao Y. Induction of lipid droplets in THP-1 macrophages by multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a diameter-dependent manner: A transcriptomic study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Bodó K, Baranzini N, Girardello R, Kokhanyuk B, Németh P, Hayashi Y, Grimaldi A, Engelmann P. Nanomaterials and Annelid Immunity: A Comparative Survey to Reveal the Common Stress and Defense Responses of Two Sentinel Species to Nanomaterials in the Environment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100307. [PMID: 32977601 PMCID: PMC7598252 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanotechnology is a dynamically developing field producing large amounts of nanocompounds that are applied in industry, daily life, and health care. During production, use, and waste these materials could end up in water or soil. Large scale contaminations of our environment are a threat to public health. Pollution can have harmful effects on the immune system, as revealed by numerous studies in humans and other vertebrates. The relative simplicity of invertebrate immune functions offers potentially sensitive and accessible means of monitoring the effects and complex interactions of nanoparticles which ultimately affect host resistance. Among terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates, earthworms and leeches are the “keystone” species to evaluate the health of our ecosystems. In this review we compare the conserved stress and immune responses of these invertebrate model organisms toward nanoparticles. The obtained knowledge provides exciting insights into the conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms of nanomaterial-related toxicity in invertebrates and vertebrates. Understanding the unique characteristics of engineered nanoproducts and their interactions with biological systems in our environment is essential to the safe realization of these materials in novel biomedical applications. Abstract Earthworms and leeches are sentinel animals that represent the annelid phylum within terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. One early stress signal in these organisms is related to innate immunity, but how nanomaterials affect it is poorly characterized. In this survey, we compare the latest literature on earthworm and leeches with examples of their molecular/cellular responses to inorganic (silver nanoparticles) and organic (carbon nanotubes) nanomaterials. A special focus is placed on the role of annelid immunocytes in the evolutionarily conserved antioxidant and immune mechanisms and protein corona formation and probable endocytosis pathways involved in nanomaterial uptake. Our summary helps to realize why these environmental sentinels are beneficial to study the potential detrimental effects of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Nicoló Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bohdana Kokhanyuk
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
| | - Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
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Deline AR, Frank BP, Smith CL, Sigmon LR, Wallace AN, Gallagher MJ, Goodwin DG, Durkin DP, Fairbrother DH. Influence of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups on the Environmental Properties, Transformations, and Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11651-11697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R. Deline
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Casey L. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Leslie R. Sigmon
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Alexa N. Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Miranda J. Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - David G. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - David P. Durkin
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, 572M Holloway Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, United States
| | - D. Howard Fairbrother
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Rezazadeh Azari M, Mohammadian Y. Comparing in vitro cytotoxicity of graphite, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:15401-15406. [PMID: 32077025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Occupational and environmental exposures to carbon-based materials in nano- and micro-size have been reported. There is incomplete information on the impact of size on the toxicity of carbon-based materials. The objective of this study is to compare the toxicity of graphite, short multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNTs), and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes (L-MWCNTs) in lung cells (A 549). The physicochemical properties of MWCNTs were determined using analytical instruments. The fibers of MWCNTs were dispersed in the sterile-filtered 0.05% bovine serum albumin in MilliQ water. Cytotoxicity of graphite and MWCNTs were assessed using the cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation experiments. Results showed that MWCNTs induced cytotoxicity through the generation of oxidative stress in the exposed lung cells. Mean cytotoxicity of S-MWCNTs was statistically more than that of L-MWCNTs. The graphite induced cytotoxicity only at high concentrations. The mean cytotoxicity of both S-MWCNTs and L-MWCNTs was statistically more than that of graphite. The results also indicated that oxidative stress was the probable toxicity mechanism of carbon-based materials. The decreasing size of carbon-based materials could increase their toxicity. Because of the toxicity of MWCNTs, it is imperative to consider health and safety issues in working with nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Rezazadeh Azari
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Mohammadian
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Ghosh M, Murugadoss S, Janssen L, Cokic S, Mathyssen C, Van Landuyt K, Janssens W, Carpentier S, Godderis L, Hoet P. Distinct autophagy-apoptosis related pathways activated by Multi-walled (NM 400) and Single-walled carbon nanotubes (NIST-SRM2483) in human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121691. [PMID: 31791862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the recent development in the field of particle and fibre toxicology, parallels have been drawn between Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and asbestos. It is now established that both multi-walled (MWCNTs) and single-walled (SWCNTs) carbon nanotubes might contribute to pulmonary disease. Although multiple mechanisms might be involved in CNT induced pathogenesis, systematic understanding of the relationship between different CNT exposure (MWCNT vs SWCNT) and autophagy/ apoptosis/ necrosis, in human lung epithelial cells remains limited. In this study, we demonstrate that exposure to MWCNT (NM-400), but not SWCNT (NIST-SRM2483), leads to an autophagic response after acute exposure (24 h). MWCNT exposure was characterized by an increase in anti-apoptotic BCL2, downregulation of executor Caspase-3/7 and increase in expression of genes from the autophagy machinery. For SWCNT exposure however, we observed an overexpression of executor Caspase-3/7 and upregulation of pro-apoptotic BAX; enrichment for processes like cornification, apoptotic process, cell differentiation from proteomic analysis. These results clearly indicate a major difference in the pathways initiated by the CNTs, in vitro. While the present study design provides mechanistic understanding after an acute exposure for the tested CNTs, we believe that the information obtained here would have relevance in better understanding of CNT toxicity and pathogenesis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Janssen
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stevan Cokic
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carolien Mathyssen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Janssens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Öner D, Ghosh M, Coorens R, Bové H, Moisse M, Lambrechts D, Ameloot M, Godderis L, Hoet PHM. Induction and recovery of CpG site specific methylation changes in human bronchial cells after long-term exposure to carbon nanotubes and asbestos. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105530. [PMID: 32062310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhalation of asbestos induces lung cancer via different cellular mechanisms. Together with the increased production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grows the concern about adverse effects on the lungs given the similarities with asbestos. While it has been established that CNT and asbestos induce epigenetic alterations, it is currently not known whether alterations at epigenetic level remain stable after withdrawal of the exposure. Identification of DNA methylation changes after a low dose of CNT and asbestos exposure and recovery can be useful to determine the fibre/particle toxicity and adverse outcome. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) were treated with a low and non-cytotoxic dose (0.25 µg/ml) of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NM400) or single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-SRM2483) and 0.05 µg/ml amosite (brown) asbestos for the course of four weeks (sub-chronic exposure). After this treatment, the cells were further incubated (without particle/fibre) for two weeks, allowing recovery from the exposure (recovery period). Nuclear depositions of the CNTs were assessed using femtosecond pulsed laser microscopy in a label-free manner. DNA methylation alterations were analysed using microarrays that assess more than 850 thousand CpG sites in the whole genome. RESULTS At non-cytotoxic doses, CNTs were noted to be incorporated with in the nucleus after a four weeks period. Exposure to MWCNTs induced a single hypomethylation at a CpG site and gene promoter region. No change in DNA methylation was observed after the recovery period for MWCNTs. Exposure to SWCNTs or amosite induced hypermethylation at CpG sites after sub-chronic exposure which may involve in 'transcription factor activity' and 'sequence-specific DNA binding' gene ontologies. After the recovery period, hypermethylation and hypomethylation were noted for both SWCNTs and amosite. Hippocalcinlike 1 (HPCAL1), protease serine 3 (PRSS3), kallikrein-related peptidase 3 (KLK3), kruppel like factor 3 (KLF3) genes were hypermethylated at different time points in either SWCNT-exposed or amosite-exposed cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the specific SWCNT (SRM2483) and amosite fibres studied induce hypo- or hypermethylation on CpG sites in DNA after very low-dose exposure and recovery period. This effect was not seen for the studied MWCNT (NM400).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Öner
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Coorens
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Bové
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Ameloot
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, Agoralaan Building C, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Idewe, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- KU Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Unit of Environment and Health, Laboratory of Toxicology, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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50
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Samadian H, Salami MS, Jaymand M, Azarnezhad A, Najafi M, Barabadi H, Ahmadi A. Genotoxicity assessment of carbon-based nanomaterials; Have their unique physicochemical properties made them double-edged swords? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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