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Frye RE, Rincon N, McCarty PJ, Brister D, Scheck AC, Rossignol DA. Biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 197:106520. [PMID: 38703861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 in 36 children and is associated with physiological abnormalities, most notably mitochondrial dysfunction, at least in a subset of individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis discovered 204 relevant articles which evaluated biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD individuals. Significant elevations (all p < 0.01) in the prevalence of lactate (17%), pyruvate (41%), alanine (15%) and creatine kinase (9%) were found in ASD. Individuals with ASD had significant differences (all p < 0.01) with moderate to large effect sizes (Cohen's d' ≥ 0.6) compared to controls in mean pyruvate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, ATP, and creatine kinase. Some studies found abnormal TCA cycle metabolites associated with ASD. Thirteen controlled studies reported mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions or variations in the ASD group in blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, leucocytes, granulocytes, and brain. Meta-analyses discovered significant differences (p < 0.01) in copy number of mtDNA overall and in ND1, ND4 and CytB genes. Four studies linked specific mtDNA haplogroups to ASD. A series of studies found a subgroup of ASD with elevated mitochondrial respiration which was associated with increased sensitivity of the mitochondria to physiological stressors and neurodevelopmental regression. Lactate, pyruvate, lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, carnitine, and acyl-carnitines were associated with clinical features such as delays in language, social interaction, cognition, motor skills, and with repetitive behaviors and gastrointestinal symptoms, although not all studies found an association. Lactate, carnitine, acyl-carnitines, ATP, CoQ10, as well as mtDNA variants, heteroplasmy, haplogroups and copy number were associated with ASD severity. Variability was found across biomarker studies primarily due to differences in collection and processing techniques as well as the intrinsic heterogeneity of the ASD population. Several studies reported alterations in mitochondrial metabolism in mothers of children with ASD and in neonates who develop ASD. Treatments targeting mitochondria, particularly carnitine and ubiquinol, appear beneficial in ASD. The link between mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD and common physiological abnormalities in individuals with ASD including gastrointestinal disorders, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction is outlined. Several subtypes of mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD are discussed, including one related to neurodevelopmental regression, another related to alterations in microbiome metabolites, and another related to elevations in acyl-carnitines. Mechanisms linking abnormal mitochondrial function with alterations in prenatal brain development and postnatal brain function are outlined. Given the multisystem complexity of some individuals with ASD, this review presents evidence for the mitochondria being central to ASD by contributing to abnormalities in brain development, cognition, and comorbidities such as immune and gastrointestinal dysfunction as well as neurodevelopmental regression. A diagnostic approach to identify mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD is outlined. From this evidence, it is clear that many individuals with ASD have alterations in mitochondrial function which may need to be addressed in order to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. The fact that alterations in mitochondrial metabolism may be found during pregnancy and early in the life of individuals who eventually develop ASD provides promise for early life predictive biomarkers of ASD. Further studies may improve the understanding of the role of the mitochondria in ASD by better defining subgroups and understanding the molecular mechanisms driving some of the unique changes found in mitochondrial function in those with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Frye
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Southwest Autism Research and Resource Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Rossignol Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Patrick J McCarty
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70113, United States of America.
| | | | - Adrienne C Scheck
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, United States of America.
| | - Daniel A Rossignol
- Autism Discovery and Treatment Foundation, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Rossignol Medical Center, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
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2
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Liu ZH, Ai S, Xia Y, Wang HL. Intestinal toxicity of Pb: Structural and functional damages, effects on distal organs and preventive strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172781. [PMID: 38685433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most common heavy metal pollutants that possesses multi-organ toxicity. For decades, great efforts have been devoted to investigate the damage of Pb to kidney, liver, bone, blood cells and the central nervous system (CNS). For the common, dietary exposure is the main avenue of Pb, but our knowledge of Pb toxicity in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) remains quite insufficient. Importantly, emerging evidence has documented that gastrointestinal disorders affect other distal organs like brain and liver though gut-brain axis or gut-liver axis, respectively. This review focuses on the recent understanding of intestinal toxicity of Pb exposure, including structural and functional damages. We also review the influence and mechanism of intestinal toxicity on other distal organs, mainly concentrated on brain and liver. At last, we summarize the bioactive substances that reported to alleviate Pb toxicity, providing potential dietary intervention strategies to prevent or attenuate Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Shu Ai
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yanzhou Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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3
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Wnuk E, Zwolak I, Kochanowicz E. The physiological levels of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) enhance the Cd-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in CHO-K1 cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13625. [PMID: 38871787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, the increasing pollution of the environment by heavy metals is observed, caused both by natural factors and those related to human activity. They pose a significant threat to human health and life. It is therefore important to find an effective way of protecting organisms from their adverse effects. One potential product showing a protective effect is green tea. It has been shown that EGCG, which is found in large amounts in green tea, has strong antioxidant properties and can therefore protect cells from the adverse effects of heavy metals. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on cells exposed to Cd. In the study, CHO-K1 cells (Chinese hamster ovary cell line) were treated for 24 h with Cd (5 and 10 µM) and EGCG (0.5 and 1 µM) together or separately. Cell viability, ATP content, total ROS activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis potential were determined. The results showed that, in tested concentrations, EGCG enhanced the negative effect of Cd. Further analyses are needed to determine the exact mechanism of action of EGCG due to the small number of publications on the subject and the differences in the results obtained in the research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wnuk
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Zwolak
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kochanowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1I, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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Rasool N, Omer MO, Javeed A, Nawaz M, Imran M, Hussain M, Mushtaq Z, AL Jbawi E. Pharmacological effect of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach extracts against lead-induced toxicity in rats. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:6312-6323. [PMID: 37823099 PMCID: PMC10563752 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach (Papilionaceae) is a medicinal plant, cultivated in northern areas of Pakistan. The consumption of trace minerals (lead) is very toxic to the vital organs of the body, therefore the overcome of these minerals is very necessary. In this regard, this study aimed to assess the potential pharmacological effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach against pb-induced oxidative stress, histological changes in Pb-induced rats' liver and kidney, and anti-inflammatory effect. The metal concentrations in liver and kidney homogenates were measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH and FRAP assay. Pb concentrations were significantly higher in liver and kidney homogenates after injection of Pb acetate was given intraperitoneally (45.2 ± 6.8 and 58.8 ± 7.9, respectively; p < .0001). The level of Pb in liver and kidney homogenates was significantly reduced by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach. The Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg-treated rats exhibited a protective effect on hepatocytes cells against Pb-induced liver injury and restored the cells of the kidney. Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to other treated groups. The highest decreased MDA level was found in liver and kidney homogenate of Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg rats (11.2 ± 1.51 nmol/mg; p < .001) and GSH and CAT levels tended to normal after treatment of Pb + Aq-600 mg/kg in rats. The ALAD, ALT, AST, and ALP level were enhanced and tended to be normal after the Aq-400 and Aq-600 mg/kg treatment in Pb-exposed rats. The result showed that 600 mg/kg Aq + Pb exhibited significant (p < .001) anti-inflammatory activity. The findings of this study concluded that treatment of the aqueous extract of Argyrolobium roseum (Camb.) Jaub & Spach reduces the renal and hepatic damage in Pb-induced rats and it also decreases oxidative stress via improving antioxidant components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Ovais Omer
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of MicrobiologyUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyUniversity of Narowal‐PakistanNarowalPakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Zarina Mushtaq
- Department of Food SciencesGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
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Sueyasu T, Yasumoto K, Tokuda H, Kaneda Y, Obata H, Rogi T, Izumo T, Kondo S, Saito J, Tsukiura T, Nakai M. Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2825. [PMID: 37447152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), as well as lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), can potentially improve brain function. However, the effect of a combination of these components (LCPUFAs + LZ) on memory function in healthy older individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if LCPUFAs + LZ-supplemented food could improve memory function. Exploratory and confirmatory trials (Trials 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted in healthy older Japanese individuals with memory complaints. We conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: placebo or LCPUFAs + LZ. LCPUFAs + LZ participants were provided with supplements containing ARA, DHA, EPA, L, and Z for 24 weeks in Trial 1 and 12 weeks in Trial 2. Memory functions were evaluated using Cognitrax before and after each trial. Combined analyses were performed for subgroups of participants with cognitive decline in Trials 1 and 2. The results showed that supplementation with LCPUFAs + LZ did not significantly affect memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with memory complaints whereas it improved memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sueyasu
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yasumoto
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tokuda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kaneda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hidenori Obata
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Sumio Kondo
- Fukushima Healthcare Center, Medical Corporation Kenshokai, 2-12-16, Tamagawa, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0044, Japan
| | - Jiro Saito
- Medical Station Clinic, 3-12-8, Takaban, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakai
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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6
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Recent Advances in Analytical Methods for Determination of Polyphenols in Tea: A Comprehensive Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11101425. [PMID: 35626995 PMCID: PMC9140883 DOI: 10.3390/foods11101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, the most abundant components in tea, determine the quality and health function of tea. The analysis of polyphenols in tea is a topic of increasing interest. However, the complexity of the tea matrix, the wide variety of teas, and the difference in determination purposes puts forward higher requirements for the detection of tea polyphenols. Many efforts have been made to provide a highly sensitive and selective analytical method for the determination and characterization of tea polyphenols. In order to provide new insight for the further development of polyphenols in tea, in the present review we summarize the recent literature for the detection of tea polyphenols from the perspectives of determining total polyphenols and individual polyphenols in tea. There are a variety of methods for the analysis of total tea polyphenols, which range from the traditional titration method, to the widely used spectrophotometry based on the color reaction of Folin–Ciocalteu, and then to the current electrochemical sensor for rapid on-site detection. Additionally, the application of improved liquid chromatography (LC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were emphasized for the simultaneous determination of multiple polyphenols and the identification of novel polyphenols. Finally, a brief outline of future development trends are discussed.
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7
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Famurewa AC, Renu K, Eladl MA, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, El-Sherbiny M, Elsherbini DMA, Vellingiri B, Madhyastha H, Ramesh Wanjari U, Goutam Mukherjee A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Hesperidin and hesperetin against heavy metal toxicity: Insight on the molecular mechanism of mitigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Adebisi OA, Agbaje WB, Adewale OO. Modulatory efficacy of Punica granatum L. powder ethanol extract (PLEE) on lead acetate-induced hepatic and renal toxicity. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pomegranate powder derived from pomegranate fruit contains phytochemicals chief of which is ellagitannins. Owing to their high antioxidative capabilities we investigated its efficacy against lead acetate induced hepatic and renal toxicity.
Methods
Pomegranate powder (500 g) was procured and soaked in 1 Litre of ethanol for three days, its filtrate was concentrated and freeze dried to form Punica granatum L. ethanol extract (PLEE). Thirty (30) male albino Wistar rats with average weight between 140 ± 20 g were used for this study. They were equally shared into 6 groups with 5 animals each; A: Control; B: Lead acetate only C: Lead acetate + PLEE (1); D: Lead acetate + PLEE (2); E: PLEE (1) and F: PLEE (2). Serum, liver and kidney samples were obtained for biochemical assays. The integrity of liver and kidney tissues were also accessed.
Results
Lead administration resulted in marked elevations in liver transaminases in serum and liver as well as a significant increase in kidney function markers in the serum and kidney (p < 0.05). There was also a significant decline in average body weight, antioxidant markers in the liver and kidney of Wistar rats while there was a significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels in both liver and kidney. However, administration of PLEE at different doses significantly modulated these changes.
Conclusion
Lead acetate administration led to hepatic and renal toxicity as evident by alterations in liver and kidney function markers, antioxidant status and tissue integrity. However, PLEE can combat these toxicities.
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Bandaru LJM, Ayyalasomayajula N, Murumulla L, Challa S. Mechanisms associated with the dysregulation of mitochondrial function due to lead exposure and possible implications on the development of Alzheimer's disease. Biometals 2022; 35:1-25. [PMID: 35048237 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a multimedia contaminant with various pathophysiological consequences, including cognitive decline and neural abnormalities. Recent findings have reported an association of Pb toxicity with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathological characteristic of AD. According to toxicology reports, Pb promotes mitochondrial oxidative stress by lowering complex III activity in the electron transport chain, boosting reactive oxygen species formation, and reducing the cell's antioxidant defence system. Here, we review recent advances in the role of mitochondria in Pb-induced AD pathology, as well as the mechanisms associated with the mitochondrial dysfunction, such as the depolarisation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening; mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics and mitochondrial dynamics alterations; and mitophagy and apoptosis. We also discuss possible therapeutic options for mitochondrial-targeted neurodegenerative disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Jaya Madhuri Bandaru
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Neelima Ayyalasomayajula
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Lokesh Murumulla
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Suresh Challa
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Li Y, Lv H, Xue C, Dong N, Bi C, Shan A. Plant Polyphenols: Potential Antidotes for Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3960-3976. [PMID: 33236294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most common heavy metal elements and has high biological toxicity. Long-term lead exposure will induce the contamination of animal feed, water, and food, which can cause chronic lead poisoning including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. In the past few decades, lead has caused widespread concern because of its significant threat to health. A large number of in vitro and animal experiments have shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in lead toxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can also be induced by lead toxicity. Therefore, plant polyphenols have attracted attention, with their advantages of being natural antioxidants and having low toxicity. Plant polyphenols can resist lead toxicity by chelating lead with their special chemical molecular structure. In addition, scavenging active oxygen and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis are also the key to relieving lead poisoning by plant polyphenols. Various plant polyphenols have been suggested to be useful in alleviating lead toxicity in animals and humans and are believed to have good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lv
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Zwolak I. Epigallocatechin Gallate for Management of Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Concerns. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4027. [PMID: 33919748 PMCID: PMC8070748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) against toxicities induced by heavy metals (HMs). This most active green tea polyphenol was demonstrated to reduce HM toxicity in such cells and tissues as testis, liver, kidney, and neural cells. Several protective mechanisms that seem to play a pivotal role in EGCG-induced effects, including reactive oxygen species scavenging, HM chelation, activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), anti-inflammatory effects, and protection of mitochondria, are described. However, some studies, especially in vitro experiments, reported potentiation of harmful HM actions in the presence of EGCG. The adverse impact of EGCG on HM toxicity may be explained by such events as autooxidation of EGCG, EGCG-mediated iron (Fe3+) reduction, depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and disruption of mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, challenges hampering the potential EGCG application related to its low bioavailability and proper dosing are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we point out insights into mechanisms that might account for both the beneficial and adverse effects of EGCG in HM poisoning, which may have a bearing on the design of new therapeutics for HM intoxication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zwolak
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
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Calabrese EJ, Tsatsakis A, Agathokleous E, Giordano J, Calabrese V. Does Green Tea Induce Hormesis? Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820936170. [PMID: 32728352 PMCID: PMC7364811 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820936170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea, and its principal constituent (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), are commonly shown to induce biphasic concentration/dose responses in a broad range of cell types, including non-tumor cells, and tumor cell lines. The most active area of research dealt with an assessment of neural cells with application to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease cell models, often using preconditioning experimental protocols. The general findings demonstrate EGCG-induced hormetic effects resulting in an enhanced acquired resilience within an adaptive and temporally dependent homeodynamic framework. The biphasic dose responses displayed the typical quantitative features of the hormetic dose response with respect to the amplitude and width of the stimulatory response. These findings provide further evidence for the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses with such responses being independent of the biological model, end point, inducing agent, and mechanism. The biphasic nature of these responses has important implications since it suggests optimal dose ranges for end points of public health and therapeutic applications. These findings indicate the need to assess the entire dose-response continuum in order to better define the nature of the dose response, especially in the low-dose zone where such exposures are common in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill Science Center I, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Centre of Toxicology Science and Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Crete, Greece
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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13
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Rahman A, Al-Qenaie S, Rao MS, Khan KM, Guillemin GJ. Memantine Is Protective against Cytotoxicity Caused by Lead and Quinolinic Acid in Cultured Rat Embryonic Hippocampal Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1134-1143. [PMID: 30950269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Quinolinic acid (QA) is an excitotoxic metabolite of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism produced in response to inflammation and oxidative stress. Lead (Pb) causes oxidative stress and thus may produce neurotoxicity by increasing QA production. We investigated the in vitro cytotoxic effects of Pb and QA and the protective effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. Primary cultures of embryonic hippocampal cells from Wistar rats were treated with different concentrations of Pb, QA, and Pb + QA with and without memantine. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after Annexin-V/propidium iodide staining. The numbers of immunostained neurons (with β3-Tubulin; Tuj1) and astrocytes (with glial fibrillary acidic protein) were counted. Pb at 20 μg/dL (0.97 μM) and QA at 500 nM concentrations showed significant cytotoxic effects, as evidenced by decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and a decrease in the number of both astrocytes and neurons. The combination of Pb and QA showed significant synergistic apoptotic effects at lower doses. Memantine (500 nM) was largely protective against the cytotoxic effects of both Pb and QA, suggesting that Pb's and QA's cytotoxicity involves NMDA receptor activation. Whereas the neuroprotection by memantine from QA-induced toxicity has been previously reported, this is the first study reporting the protection by memantine against Pb-induced cytotoxicity in cultured hippocampal cells. Protection by memantine against these neurotoxicants in vivo needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Sara Al-Qenaie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait.,Kuwait Oil Company Hospital , 61008 Ahmadi , Kuwait
| | - Muddanna S Rao
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Khalid M Khan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine , Kuwait University , 13060 Kuwait City , Kuwait
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Macquarie University , Macquarie Park , New South Wales 2109 , Australia
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14
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Xing L, Zhang H, Qi R, Tsao R, Mine Y. Recent Advances in the Understanding of the Health Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Green Tea Polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1029-1043. [PMID: 30653316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tea, leaf, or bud from the plant Camellia sinensis, make up some of the beverages popularly consumed in different parts of the world as green tea, oolong tea, or black tea. More particularly, as a nonfermented tea, green tea has gained more renown because of the significant health benefits assigned to its rich content in polyphenols. As a main constituent, green tea polyphenols were documented for their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anticardiovascular, antimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, and antiobesity properties. Recent reports demonstrate that green tea may exert a positive effect on the reduction of medical chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and diabetes. The health benefits of green teas, in particular EGCG, are widely investigated, and these effects are known to be primarily associated with the structure and compositions of its polyphenols. This Review focuses on the diverse constituents of green tea polyphenols and their molecular mechanisms from the perspective of their potential therapeutic function. Recent advances of green tea polyphenols on their bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and microbiota were also summarized in this article. Dietary supplementation with green tea represents an attractive alternative toward promoting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Xing
- Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
- Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210095 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Ruili Qi
- Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 93 Stone Road West , Guelph , Ontario N1G 5C9 , Canada
| | - Yoshinori Mine
- Department of Food Science , University of Guelph , Guelph , Ontario N1G 2W1 , Canada
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15
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Ommati MM, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Sun Z, Zamiri MJ, Khodaei F, Mousapour S, Ahmadi F, Javanmard N, Shirazi Yeganeh B. Carnosine and Histidine Supplementation Blunt Lead-Induced Reproductive Toxicity through Antioxidative and Mitochondria-Dependent Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:151-162. [PMID: 29767280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity is a well-characterized adverse effect associated with this heavy metal. It has been found that Pb exposure is associated with altered spermatogenesis, increased testicular degeneration, and pathological sperm alterations. On the other hand, it has been reported that Pb-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and diminished antioxidant capacity in the reproductive system. Hence, administration of antioxidants as protective agents might be of value against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity. This study was designed to investigate whether carnosine (CAR) and histidine (HIS) supplementation would mitigate the Pb-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Animals received Pb (20 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) alone or in combination with CAR (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) or HIS (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days). Pb toxicity was evident in the reproductive system by a significant increase in tissue markers of oxidative stress along with severe histopathological changes, seminal tubule damage, tubular desquamation, low spermatogenesis index, poor sperm parameters, and impaired sperm mitochondrial function. It was found that CAR and HIS supplementation blunted the Pb-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat reproductive system. Thereby, antioxidative and mitochondria-protective properties serve as primary mechanisms for CAR and HIS against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mousapour
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Javanmard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Zhai Q, Yang L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Tian F, Chen W. Protective Effects of Dietary Supplements Containing Probiotics, Micronutrients, and Plant Extracts Against Lead Toxicity in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2134. [PMID: 30254621 PMCID: PMC6141689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) intoxication is a serious food safety issue, and the development of relevant dietary strategies is an area of ongoing research. In this study, two different dietary supplements were designed and evaluated for their effects against Pb toxicity in mice. Dietary supplement A contained grape seed extract, tea polyphenols and Lactobacillus plantarum CCFM8661, and dietary supplement B contained vitamin C, calcium carbonate, zinc acetate, and L. plantarum CCFM8661. The results showed that both dietary supplements could effectively decrease Pb levels, protect aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and recover glutathione, zinc protoporphyrin and malondialdehyde levels in tissues and blood of mice. A step-through passive avoidance task confirmed that the dietary supplements could recover the learning and memory capacities of Pb-exposed mice. The protective effects of both dietary supplements to alleviate oxidative stress and cognitive impairments were superior to the chelator treatment. Administration of the dietary supplements during Pb exposure offered more significant protection than administration after Pb exposure. Animal safety evaluation also indicated that these dietary supplements barely induced side effects in the mice. This study provides evidence that dietary supplements containing probiotics, micronutrients, and plant extracts can be considered a new dietary strategy against Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
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17
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A study of bio-hybrid silsesquioxane/yeast: Biosorption and neuronal toxicity of lead. J Biotechnol 2017; 264:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Ding ML, Ma H, Man YG, Lv HY. Protective effects of a green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, against sevoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis involve regulation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathways in neonatal mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1396-1405. [PMID: 28679060 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol in green tea, is an effective antioxidant and possesses neuroprotective effects. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are crucial for neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. In this study, we aimed to assess the protective effects of EGCG against sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in neonatal mice. Distinct groups of C57BL/6 mice were given EGCG (25, 50, or 75 mg/kg body weight) from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P21 and were subjected to sevoflurane (3%; 6 h) exposure on P7. EGCG significantly inhibited sevoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis as determined by Fluoro-Jade B staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, downregulated Bad and Bax, and significantly enhanced Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, xIAP, c-IAP-1, and survivin expression were observed. EGCG induced activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway as evidenced by increased Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3β, phospho-GSK-3β, and mTORc1 levels. Sevoflurane-mediated downregulation of cAMP/CREB and BDNF/TrkB signalling was inhibited by EGCG. Reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels upon EGCG administration. Improved performance of mice in Morris water maze tests suggested enhanced learning and memory. The study indicates that EGCG was able to effectively inhibit sevoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and improve learning and memory retention of mice via activation of CREB/BDNF/TrkB-PI3K/Akt signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Ding
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hui Ma
- b Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Yi-Gang Man
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
| | - Hong-Yan Lv
- a Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Shandong 272011, China
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19
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Plant flavonoids in cancer chemoprevention: role in genome stability. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 45:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Kiwifruit Alleviates Learning and Memory Deficits Induced by Pb through Antioxidation and Inhibition of Microglia Activation In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5645324. [PMID: 28386309 PMCID: PMC5366204 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5645324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure, in particular during early postnatal life, increases susceptibility to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative outcomes. The detrimental effect of Pb exposure is basically due to an increasing ROS production which overcomes the antioxidant systems and finally leads to cognitive dysfunction. Kiwifruit is rich in the antioxidants like vitamin C and polyphenols. This study aims to investigate the effects and mechanism of kiwifruit to alleviate learning and memory deficits induced by Pb exposure. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat pups acquired Pb indirectly through their mothers during lactation period and after postnatal day 21 (PND21) directly acquired Pb by themselves. Five kinds of kiwifruits were collected in this study and the amounts of vitamin C and polyphenols in them were measured and the antioxidation effects were determined. Among them, Qinmei kiwifruit (Qm) showed the strongest antioxidation effects in vitro. In vivo, Qm significantly repaired Pb-induced learning and memory deficits and dendritic spine loss. In addition, Pb compromised the enzymatic activity and transcriptional levels of SOD and GSH-Px and decreased the microglial activation, which, to some extent, could be reversed by Qm kiwifruit administration. The results suggest that kiwifruit could alleviate Pb-induced cognitive deficits possibly through antioxidative stress and microglia inactivation. Consequently, kiwifruit could be potentially regarded as the functional food favorable in the prevention and treatment of Pb intoxication.
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21
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Effect of Long-Term Green Tea Extract Supplementation on Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in CrossFit-Trained and Untrained Men. CENTRAL EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.18276/cej.2017.3-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Long-term pre-treatment of antioxidant Ginkgo biloba extract EGb-761 attenuates cerebral-ischemia-induced neuronal damage in aged mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 85:256-263. [PMID: 27863840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant activity has been attributed to the neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb-761 on brain disorders including ischemic stroke. It is suggested that oxidative stress implicates in neuron injuries during aging. However, whether or not EGb-761 could be used to treat age-related cerebral ischemia is unclear. In the present study, we directly studied the protective effects of EGb-761 in brain ischemia in the mice with different age. As expected, the recovery from brain damages was impaired in aged mice (24 months) in an animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Notably, a 12-month pretreatment of EGb-761 significantly ameliorated the ischemic injury of aged mice in a dose-dependent manner. The decreased stroke severity by EGb-761 was suggested by the reduced infarct volumes and brain edema, accompanied by alleviated oxidative stress. Additionally, we further explored the potential involvement of extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation by MCAO in aged mice. ERK activation after MCAO was diminished by EGb-761, and this reduction may be mediated through an upregulation of phosphatase PP2A by EGb-761. These observations collectively support that natural antioxidant EGb-761 could be potentially exploited as an effective approach in treating neurological injury during aging.
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23
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Karimfar MH, Bargahi A, Moshtaghi D, Farzadinia P. Long-Term Exposure of Lead Acetate on Rabbit Renal Tissue. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e22157. [PMID: 27195142 PMCID: PMC4867333 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Lead has been widely used in different industries for ages. It is one of the heavy metals, highly poisonous even at low doses, and has biochemical, physiological and behavioral side effects on human and animals. It has been shown that lead has toxic effects on different tissues such as neural and genitourinary tissues, cardiovascular systems and blood. Therefore, high attention has been paid to its environmental pollutions. Objectives: Although many histological and biochemical studies have reported about the effects of lead on the renal tissue, there are a few studies about the ultrastructure and morphometric effects of lead on the kidney. Hence, the aim of this study was the evaluation of morphology and morphometrics of rabbit renal urinary barrier ultrastructure following long-term exposure to lead acetate. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 20 male New Zealand rabbits were divided into control and test groups (10 in each). The test group was injected intraperitoneally with chronic dose (8.5 mg/kg of body weight) of lead acetate and for the control group the same volume of normal saline was used, every other day for 10 weeks. After anesthetizing, the biopsies of renal tissues were taken for light and electron microscopic morphometric and morphologic analyses. Results: Long-term exposure to lead acetate caused histopathology effects including dilatation, congestion, nuclei heterochromatic effects, increase in diameter of renal tubules and urinary barrier thickness in rabbit renal tissue. Conclusions: Quantitative and qualitative results of long-term lead acetate exposure showed many histopathology side-effects, especially in the urinary barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Karimfar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, IR Iran
| | - Afshar Bargahi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Darab Moshtaghi
- Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Parviz Farzadinia
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Parviz Farzadinia, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 3631, Bushehr, IR Iran. Tel /Fax: +98-7733450692, E-mail:
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24
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Dong X, Zheng L, Lu S, Yang Y. Neuroprotective effects of pretreatment of ginsenoside Rb1 on severe cerebral ischemia-induced injuries in aged mice: Involvement of anti-oxidant signaling. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 17:338-345. [PMID: 26712031 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Liaocheng Third People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Liaocheng Third People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong China
| | - Shujing Lu
- Liaocheng Third People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong China
| | - Yanbei Yang
- Liaocheng Third People's Hospital; Liaocheng Shandong China
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25
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Mossakowski AA, Pohlan J, Bremer D, Lindquist R, Millward JM, Bock M, Pollok K, Mothes R, Viohl L, Radbruch M, Gerhard J, Bellmann-Strobl J, Behrens J, Infante-Duarte C, Mähler A, Boschmann M, Rinnenthal JL, Füchtemeier M, Herz J, Pache FC, Bardua M, Priller J, Hauser AE, Paul F, Niesner R, Radbruch H. Tracking CNS and systemic sources of oxidative stress during the course of chronic neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:799-814. [PMID: 26521072 PMCID: PMC4654749 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functional dynamics and cellular sources of oxidative stress are central to understanding MS pathogenesis but remain elusive, due to the lack of appropriate detection methods. Here we employ NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging to detect functional NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) in vivo to identify inflammatory monocytes, activated microglia, and astrocytes expressing NOX1 as major cellular sources of oxidative stress in the central nervous system of mice affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This directly affects neuronal function in vivo, indicated by sustained elevated neuronal calcium. The systemic involvement of oxidative stress is mirrored by overactivation of NOX enzymes in peripheral CD11b+ cells in later phases of both MS and EAE. This effect is antagonized by systemic intake of the NOX inhibitor and anti-oxidant epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Together, this persistent hyper-activation of oxidative enzymes suggests an “oxidative stress memory” both in the periphery and CNS compartments, in chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Mossakowski
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Pohlan
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jason M Millward
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bock
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Pollok
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Viohl
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Leo Rinnenthal
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Florence C Pache
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Helena Radbruch
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Wang L, Zhang YG, Wang XM, Ma LF, Zhang YM. Naringin protects human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:255-61. [PMID: 26482937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Extensive evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the development of osteoporosis. We show that naringin, a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, effectively protects human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Naringin increased viability of hAMDSCs and attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Naringin also reversed H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Oxidative stress induced by H2O2 inhibits osteogenic differentiation by decreasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content and mRNA expression levels of osteogenesis marker genes RUNX2 and OSX in hADMSCs. However, addition of naringin leads to a significant recovery, suggesting the protective effects of naringin against H2O2-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the H2O2-induced decrease of protein expressions of β-catenin and clyclin D1, two important transcriptional regulators of Wnt-signaling, was successfully rescued by naringin treatment. Also, in the presence of Wnt inhibitor DKK-1, naringin is no longer effective in stimulating ALP activity, increasing calcium content and mRNA expression levels of RUNX2 and OSX in H2O2-exposed hADMSCs. These data clearly demonstrates that naringin protects hADMSCs against oxidative stress-induced inhibition of osteogenic differentiation, which may involve Wnt signaling pathway. Our work suggests that naringin may be a useful addition to the treatment armamentarium for osteoporosis and activation of Wnt signaling may represent attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of degenerative disease of bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Ge Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Wang
- Department of Electroencephalogram, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Long-Fei Ma
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan-Min Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 79 Guhuai Road, Jining 272000, Shandong, China.
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Gong Z, Yang L, Tang H, Pan R, Xie S, Guo L, Wang J, Deng Q, Xiong G, Xing Y, Dong J. Protective effects of curcumin against human immunodeficiency virus 1 gp120 V3 loop-induced neuronal injury in rats. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:171-5. [PMID: 25767494 PMCID: PMC4353109 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin improves the learning and memory deficits in rats induced by the gp120 V3 loop. The present study cultured rat hippocampal neurons with 1 nM gp120 V3 loop and 1 μM curcumin for 24 hours. The results showed that curcumin inhibited the gp120 V3 loop-induced mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, reduced the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic gene caspase-3, and attenuated hippocampal neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Gong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sai Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luyan Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinyin Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guoyin Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanyan Xing
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Institute of Brain Research, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China ; Joint Laboratory for Brain Function and Health of Jinan University and the University of Hongkong, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
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Ge MM, Hu F, Lou ZY, Xue W, Yu H, Xu L, Liu ZH, Xu Y, Chen XT, Wang HL. Role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on lead-induced impairments of spine formation in the hippocampus of rats. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00315f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) may significantly reverse Pb-related spine damage in developing rats by increasing the expression of Wnt7a and the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Ge
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Fan Hu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lou
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Weizhen Xue
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hang Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhi-Hua Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | | | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
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29
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Gottipolu RR, Davuljigari CB. Perinatal exposure to lead: reduction in alterations of brain mitochondrial antioxidant system with calcium supplement. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:270-7. [PMID: 25161091 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a potent neurotoxicant that causes several neurochemical and behavioral alterations. Previous studies showed that the gestational and lactational exposure to Pb reduces the cholinergic and aminergic systems, and behavior of rats. The present study was designed to examine the protective effects of calcium supplementation against Pb-induced oxidative stress in cerebellum and hippocampus of brain at postnatal day (PND) 21, PND 28, PND 35, and PND 60. Pregnant rats were exposed to 0.2 % Pb (Pb acetate in drinking water) from gestational day 6 (GD 6) and pups were exposed through maternal milk till weaning (PND 21). We found that the activity of serum ceruloplasmin oxidase (Cp), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme activities were decreased, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the cerebellum and hippocampus of Pb-exposed rats. These changes were more prominent at PND 35 and greater in hippocampus compared to cerebellum. Among the enzyme activities, Mn-SOD and Cu/Zn-SOD showed maximum decrease compared to GPx, CAT, XO, and Cp. Furthermore, 0.02 % calcium supplementation together with 0.2 % Pb significantly reversed the Pb-induced alterations in the enzyme activities, and MDA levels. In conclusion, these data suggest that early life exposure to Pb induce alterations in the mitochondrial antioxidant system of brain regions which remain for long even after Pb exposure has stopped. Calcium supplementation may potentially be beneficial in treating Pb toxicity in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarami Reddy Gottipolu
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, 517 502
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30
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Zhou F, Chen Y, Fan G, Feng C, Du G, Zhu G, Li Y, Jiao H, Guan L, Wang Z. Lead-induced iron overload and attenuated effects of ferroportin 1 overexpression in PC12 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1339-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Martinc B, Grabnar I, Vovk T. Antioxidants as a preventive treatment for epileptic process: a review of the current status. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:527-50. [PMID: 25977679 PMCID: PMC4428026 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x12666140923205715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is known as one of the most frequent neurological diseases, characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures. Oxidative stress is believed to directly participate in pathways leading to neurodegeneration, which serves as the most important propagating factor, leading to the epileptic condition and cognitive decline. Moreover, there is also a growing body of evidence showing the disturbance of antioxidant system balance and consequently increased production of reactive species in patients with epilepsy. A meta-analysis, conducted in the present review confirms an association between epilepsy and increased lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, it was also shown that some of the antiepileptic drugs could potentially be responsible for additionally increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, it is reasonable to propose that during the epileptic process neuroprotective treatment with antioxidants could lead to less sever structural damages, reduced epileptogenesis and milder cognitive deterioration. To evaluate this hypothesis studies investigating the neuroprotective therapeutic potential of various antioxidants in cells, animal seizure models and patients with epilepsy have been reviewed. Numerous beneficial effects of antioxidants on oxidative stress markers and in some cases also neuroprotective effects were observed in animal seizure models. However, despite these encouraging results, till now only a few antioxidants have been further applied to patients with epilepsy as an add-on therapy. Based on the several positive findings in animal models, a strong need for more carefully planned, randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical trials for the evaluation of antioxidants efficacy in patients with epilepsy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomaž Vovk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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32
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Zhu W, Xu J, Ge Y, Cao H, Ge X, Luo J, Xue J, Yang H, Zhang S, Cao J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) protects skin cells from ionizing radiation via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) overexpression. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2014; 55:1056-65. [PMID: 24968709 PMCID: PMC4229913 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, is a potent antioxidant and free radical scavenger that may have therapeutic applications for the treatment of many disorders. Radiation therapy is widely used for the treatment of various types of cancers; however, radiation-induced skin injury remains a serious concern. EGCG has not yet been reported as protecting skin cells against ionizing radiation. In the present study, we investigated whether EGCG confers cytoprotection against ionizing radiation. We found that, compared with the control, pretreatment with EGCG significantly enhanced the viability of human skin cells that were irradiated with X-rays, and decreased apoptosis induced by X-ray irradiation. Mito-Tracker assay showed that EGCG suppressed the damage to mitochondria induced by ionizing radiation via upregulation of SOD2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HaCaT cells were significantly reduced when pretreated with EGCG before irradiation. Radiation-induced γH2AX foci, which are representative of DNA double-strand breaks, were decreased by pretreatment with EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG induced the expression of the cytoprotective molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in a dose-dependent manner via transcriptional activation. HO-1 knockdown or treatment with the HO-1 inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPPIX) reversed the protective role of EGCG, indicating an important role for HO-1. These results suggest that EGCG offers a new strategy for protecting skin against ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yangyang Ge
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Han Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xin Ge
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital, Soochow University, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, No. 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
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Lalith Kumar V. Ameliorative effects of ferulic Acid against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions and toxicity in prepubertal rat brain. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2501-15. [PMID: 25322819 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence has shown higher susceptibility of Children to the adverse effects of lead (Pb) exposure. However, experimental studies on Pb-induced neurotoxicity in prepubertal (PP) rats are limited. The present study aimed to examine the propensity of ferulic acid (FA), a commonly occurring phenolic acid in staple foods (fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee etc.) to abrogate Pb-induced toxicity. Initially, we characterized Pb-induced adverse effects among PP rats exposed to Pb acetate (1,000-3,000 ppm in drinking water) for 5 weeks in terms of locomotor phenotype, activity of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the blood, blood Pb levels and oxidative stress in brain regions. Further, the ameliorative effects of oral supplements of FA (25 mg/kg bw/day) were investigated in PP rats exposed to Pb (3,000 ppm). Pb intoxication increased the locomotor activity and FA supplements partially reversed the phenotype, while the reduced ALAD activity was also restored. FA significantly abrogated the enhanced oxidative stress in cerebellum (Cb) and hippocampus (Hc) as evidenced in terms of ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. Further, Pb-mediated perturbations in the glutathione levels and activity of enzymic antioxidants were also markedly restored. Furthermore, the protective effect of FA was discernible in striatum in terms of reduced oxidative stress, restored cholinergic activity and dopamine levels. Interestingly, reduced activity levels of mitochondrial complex I in Cb and enhanced levels in Hc among Pb-intoxicated rats were ameliorated by FA supplements. FA also decreased the number of damaged cells in cornu ammonis area CA1 and dentate gyrus as reflected by the histoarchitecture of Hc among Pb intoxicated rats. Collectively, our findings in the PP model allow us to hypothesize that ingestion of common phenolics such as FA may significantly alleviate the neurotoxic effects of Pb which may be largely attributed to its ability to abrogate oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkareddy Lalith Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, 570020, India
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Wang J, Zhu H, Yang Z, Liu Z. Antioxidative effects of hesperetin against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2014; 45:395-8. [PMID: 24014918 PMCID: PMC3757611 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Oxidative stress with subsequent lipid peroxidation (LP) has been suggested as a mechanism for lead-induced toxicity. The current study was carried out to evaluate antioxidant activity of hesperetin against lead acetate-induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: The male rats were treated with hesperetin in combination with lead acetate (500 mg/L). Results: The results indicated that hesperetin alone did not induce any significant changes in the biochemistry of serum, liver, and kidney tissues. On the other hand, lead-induced oxidative stress as indicated by significant changes in serum biochemical parameters, including increased lipid peroxide and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in liver and kidney tissues. Hesperetin succeeded in improving these biochemical parameters towards the normal values of control. Conclusions: It suggests that hesperetin shows antioxidant activity and plays a protective role against lead-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicang Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.70, Tianjin Road, 471003, Luoyang, PR China
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Rendón-Ramírez AL, Maldonado-Vega M, Quintanar-Escorza MA, Hernández G, Arévalo-Rivas BI, Zentella-Dehesa A, Calderón-Salinas JV. Effect of vitamin E and C supplementation on oxidative damage and total antioxidant capacity in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:45-54. [PMID: 24560336 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The molecular response of the antioxidant system and the effects of antioxidant supplementation against oxidative insult in lead-exposed workers has not been sufficiently studied. In this work, antioxidants (vitamin E 400 IU+vitamin C 1g/daily) were supplemented for one year to 15 workers exposed to lead (73 μg of lead/dl of blood) and the results were compared with those on 19 non-lead exposed workers (6.7 μg of lead/dl). Lead intoxication was accompanied by a high oxidative damage and an increment in the erythrocyte antioxidant response due to increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Antioxidant supplementations decreased significantly the oxidative damage as well as the total antioxidant capacity induced by lead intoxication with reduction of the antioxidant enzyme activities. We conclude that antioxidant supplementation is effective in reducing oxidative damage and induces modifications in the physiopathological status of the antioxidant response in lead-exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section of Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados IPN, México, DF, Mexico
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36
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Reversal effect of monoisoamyl dimercaptosuccinic acid (MiADMSA) for arsenic and lead induced perturbations in apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes in developing rat brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:586-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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37
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Antioxidant therapy: still in search of the 'magic bullet'. Mitochondrion 2012; 13:427-35. [PMID: 23246773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of natural phenolic antioxidants in human diseases associated with oxidative damage has received great attention to date. Appraisal of literature evidences that, in general, antioxidant therapy has enjoyed relative successes in preclinical studies but little benefits in human intervention studies or clinical trials. In fact, despite the huge, largely untapped potential therapeutic benefit of natural phenolic antioxidants, such as vitamins, non-flavonoid and flavonoid compounds, they appear not to be suitable drug candidates. The problem may be related, among others, to their non-drug-likeness properties. Though controversial the results obtained so far confirm the importance of exploring phenolic natural systems as safe templates for the design of new antioxidants. To support the assumption an outlook of the lead structural optimization process to improve ADME properties was given by means of natural hydroxycinnamic acids as a case study. The optimization of drug physicochemical properties and the development of appropriate delivery antioxidant systems can provide in the next future a way out to attain effective therapeutic antioxidant agents.
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38
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Liu MC, Liu XQ, Wang W, Shen XF, Che HL, Guo YY, Zhao MG, Chen JY, Luo WJ. Involvement of microglia activation in the lead induced long-term potentiation impairment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43924. [PMID: 22952811 PMCID: PMC3432044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of Lead (Pb), a known neurotoxicant, can impair spatial learning and memory probably via impairing the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) as well as hippocampal neuronal injury. Activation of hippocampal microglia also impairs spatial learning and memory. Thus, we raised the hypothesis that activation of microglia is involved in the Pb exposure induced hippocampal LTP impairment and neuronal injury. To test this hypothesis and clarify its underlying mechanisms, we investigated the Pb-exposure on the microglia activation, cytokine release, hippocampal LTP level as well as neuronal injury in in vivo or in vitro model. The changes of these parameters were also observed after pretreatment with minocycline, a microglia activation inhibitor. Long-term low dose Pb exposure (100 ppm for 8 weeks) caused significant reduction of LTP in acute slice preparations, meanwhile, such treatment also significantly increased hippocampal microglia activation as well as neuronal injury. In vitro Pb-exposure also induced significantly increase of microglia activation, up-regulate the release of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in microglia culture alone as well as neuronal injury in the co-culture with hippocampal neurons. Inhibiting the microglia activation with minocycline significantly reversed the above-mentioned Pb-exposure induced changes. Our results showed that Pb can cause microglia activation, which can up-regulate the level of IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS, these proinflammatory factors may cause hippocampal neuronal injury as well as LTP deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chao Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Qin Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Lei Che
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Guo
- Department of pharmacology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Department of pharmacology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (J-YC); (W-JL)
| | - Wen-Jing Luo
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (J-YC); (W-JL)
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Luo W, Ruan D, Yan C, Yin S, Chen J. Effects of chronic lead exposure on functions of nervous system in Chinese children and developmental rats. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:862-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zha YY, Yang B, Tang ML, Guo QC, Chen JT, Wen LP, Wang M. Concentration-dependent effects of fullerenol on cultured hippocampal neuron viability. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3099-109. [PMID: 22802681 PMCID: PMC3396393 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that the biological actions and toxicity of the water-soluble compound, polyhydroxyfullerene (fullerenol), are related to the concentrations present at a particular site of action. This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of fullerenol on cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Methods and results Fullerenol at low concentrations significantly enhanced hippocampal neuron viability as tested by MTT assay and Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide double stain detection. At high concentrations, fullerenol induced apoptosis confirmed by Comet assay and assessment of caspase proteins. Conclusion These findings suggest that fullerenol promotes cell death and protects against cell damage, depending on the concentration present. The concentration-dependent effects of fullerenol were mainly due to its influence on the reduction-oxidation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-ying Zha
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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The role of dietary polyphenols on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: molecular mechanisms and behavioural effects on depression and anxiety. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:541971. [PMID: 22829957 PMCID: PMC3395274 DOI: 10.1155/2012/541971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although it has been long believed that new neurons were only generated during development, there is now growing evidence indicating that at least two regions in the brain are capable of continuously generating functional neurons: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a widely observed phenomenon verified in different adult mammalian species including humans. Factors such as environmental enrichment, voluntary exercise, and diet have been linked to increased levels of AHN. Conversely, aging, stress, anxiety and depression have been suggested to hinder it. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unclear and yet to be determined. In this paper, we discuss some recent findings addressing the effects of different dietary polyphenols on hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation, models of anxiety, and depression as well as some proposed molecular mechanisms underlying those effects with particular focus on those related to AHN. As a whole, dietary polyphenols seem to exert positive effects on anxiety and depression, possibly in part via regulation of AHN. Studies on the effects of dietary polyphenols on behaviour and AHN may play an important role in the approach to use diet as part of the therapeutic interventions for mental-health-related conditions.
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Wang J, Yang Z, Lin L, Zhao Z, Liu Z, Liu X. Protective effect of naringenin against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:354-9. [PMID: 22109809 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in lead-induced toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of naringenin on lead-induced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of rats. In the present investigation, lead acetate (500 mg Pb/L) was administered orally for 8 weeks to induce hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The levels of hepatic and renal markers such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, uric acid, and creatinine were significantly (P < 0.05) increased following lead acetate administration. Lead-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney tissue was indicated by a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the level of maleic dialdehyde and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Naringenin markedly attenuated lead-induced biochemical alterations in serum, liver, and kidney tissues (P < 0.05). The present study suggests that naringenin shows antioxidant activity and plays a protective role against lead-induced oxidative damage in the liver and kidney of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.70, Tianjin Road, 471003, Luoyang, People's Republic of China.
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Xie T, Wang WP, Mao ZF, Qu ZZ, Luan SQ, Jia LJ, Kan MC. Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling, cognitive impairment and oxidative stress in rats. Neurosci Lett 2012; 516:237-41. [PMID: 22521706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is commonly observed in epileptic patients. It has been shown that not only epilepsy but also antiepileptic drugs could induce cognitive impairment. Thus, there is an urgent need for drugs that can suppress seizures without causing cognitive deficit. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy, and many antioxidants have an antiepileptic property. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenols component, is found to be an effective antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of EGCG against seizures, seizure-induced oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 35 mg/kg of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) once every alternate day for 13 injections. EGCG was administered daily in two doses (25mg/kg and 50mg/kg) intraperitoneally along with alternate-day PTZ. Morris water maze test was carried out 24h after the last injection of PTZ, and the oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde and glutathione) were assessed after the completion of the behavioral test. The results showed that EGCG dose-dependently suppressed the progression of kindling. EGCG also ameliorated the cognitive impairment and oxidative stress induced by PTZ kindling. These observations suggest that EGCG may be a potential agent for the treatment of epilepsy as well as a preventive agent against cognitive impairment induced by seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Hebei Province, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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EGCG Ameliorates the Suppression of Long-Term Potentiation Induced by Ischemia at the Schaffer Collateral-CA1 Synapse in the Rat. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:267-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Chang BJ, Jang BJ, Son TG, Cho IH, Quan FS, Choe NH, Nahm SS, Lee JH. Ascorbic acid ameliorates oxidative damage induced by maternal low-level lead exposure in the hippocampus of rat pups during gestation and lactation. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 50:104-8. [PMID: 22056337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was to investigate the effects of ascorbic acid on the hippocampus of suckling rats in the presence of lead (Pb)-induced oxidative stress. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received treatment with drinking water, divided into three groups, as follows: (1) distilled water; (2) 0.2% Pb; (3) 0.2% Pb+ascorbic acid (100mg/kg/day). Rat pups were euthanized at the age of 21days and their brain tissue was examined using light microscopy. Protein levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus were determined by Western blotting. We found a significant decrease in levels of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD among Pb-exposed pups. Ascorbic acid supplementation appeared to negate the decrease in protein levels for Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD. In the case of CAT, there was no effect from Pb administration alone and Pb plus ascorbic acid appeared to increase the levels. In histopathology, ascorbic acid decreased the number of damaged cells in cornu ammonis areas CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG) in hippocampus. Our results showed that administration of ascorbic acid during pregnancy and lactation could ameliorate some of the oxidative damage induced by Pb exposure in the developing rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Joon Chang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Shahsavani D, Baghshani H, Alishahi E. Efficacy of allicin in decreasing lead (Pb) accumulation in selected tissues of lead-exposed common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 142:572-80. [PMID: 20711682 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8801-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of allicin, the main biologically active component of garlic clove extracts, on lead levels in different common carp tissues including liver, kidney, brain, bone, and blood following experimental lead poisoning. Fish were divided randomly into five groups depending on the combination of lead acetate and allicin treatments. Lead acetate exposure (7.0 mgL(-1), 10 days) caused a significant increase in mean Pb concentrations in all examined tissues in comparison to control unexposed fish (p < 0. 001). The results showed that allicin supplementation is effective in decreasing lead accumulation in all examined tissues of common carp. The promising ameliorative effects of allicin on tissue lead levels of common carp make it a good candidate for therapeutic intervention of lead poisoning. However, more studies are required to elucidate the pharmacokinetic effects of allicin and also molecular basis of the ameliorative properties of allicin in lead poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davar Shahsavani
- Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Kakuta Y, Okumi M, Isaka Y, Tsutahara K, Abe T, Yazawa K, Ichimaru N, Matsumura K, Hyon SH, Takahara S, Nonomura N. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate protects kidneys from ischemia reperfusion injury by HO-1 upregulation and inhibition of macrophage infiltration. Transpl Int 2011; 24:514-22. [PMID: 21291499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-2277.2011.01224.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) shows diverse chemical and biological activities. We investigated the effects of EGCG in a rat renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury model. Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg EGCG 48 h, 24 h, and 30 min prior to I/R injury. The animals were subjected to left renal occlusion for 45 min. EGCG treatment suppressed the peak in serum creatinine. EGCG-treated kidneys showed significantly less tubular damage and a decreased number of apoptotic cells. The I/R-induced elevation in the renal MDA level was significantly decreased in the EGCG group. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed that EGCG significantly decreased the expression of MHC class II, TLR2, TLR4, MCP-1, IL-18, TGF-β1, procollagen Ia1, TIMP-1, and Kim-1. ED-1 staining showed reduced macrophage infiltration and α-SMA staining revealed less interstitial expression. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in I/R kidneys was upregulated in the EGCG group based on the results of both RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis. Blockade of HO-1 gene induction by SnPP increased renal tubular damage and macrophage infiltration. These findings suggest that EGCG protects the kidneys against I/R injury by reducing macrophage infiltration and decreasing renal fibrosis. These beneficial effects may be mediated, in part, by augmentation of the HO-1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Kakuta
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Yun H, Kim I, Kwon SH, Kang JS, Om AS. Protective Effect of Chlorella vulgaris against Lead-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.57.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HyeJun Yun
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
| | - Inhye Kim
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
- Food Nutrition & Functionality Division, Dept. of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration
| | - Sung-Hee Kwon
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
| | - Ju-Seop Kang
- Dept. of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hanyang University
| | - Ae-Son Om
- Lab. of Food Safety & Toxicology, Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University
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Xia D, Yu X, Liao S, Shao Q, Mou H, Ma W. Protective effect of Smilax glabra extract against lead-induced oxidative stress in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 130:414-20. [PMID: 20580805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Smilax glabra Roxb. is a traditional Chinese herb, the rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of lead poisoning. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study was conducted to investigate the protective role of Smilax glabra extract (SGE) individually or combined with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) against the effects of lead acetate on oxidative stress and lead burden in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The biochemical parameters and enzymes in different treated rats were determined by commercial kits. The metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS SGE (300 mg/kg) showed very low toxicity to organs in non-lead exposed rats. Administration of SGE individually had no effect on blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level but significantly enhanced the glutathione (GSH) content and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities in lead exposed rats. The co-treatment of SGE and DMSA had a synergism in increasing brain, liver and kidney superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and GSH level, and decreasing oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Moreover, the co-treatment could improve the hepatic and renal histopathology changes. SGE as chelating agent showed significant efficiency in reducing blood and tissue lead burden. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo results suggested that SGE individually or combined with DMSA exhibited remarkable protective effects on lead-induced oxidative stress and lead burden in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozong Xia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, China.
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Liang YJ, Jian JH, Liu YC, Juang SJ, Shyu KG, Lai LP, Wang BW, Leu JG. Advanced glycation end products-induced apoptosis attenuated by PPARdelta activation and epigallocatechin gallate through NF-kappaB pathway in human embryonic kidney cells and human mesangial cells. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2010; 26:406-16. [PMID: 20583309 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy has attracted many researchers' attention. Because of the emerging evidence about the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor of AGE (RAGE) on the progression of diabetic nephropathy, a number of different therapies to inhibit AGE or RAGE are under investigation. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) agonist (L-165041) or epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) alters AGE-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and apoptosis in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and human mesangial cells (HMCs). METHODS The HEK cells and HMC were separated into the following groups: 100 microg/mL AGE alone for 18 h; AGE treated with 1 microM L-165041 or 10 microM EGCG, and untreated cells. Inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor-kappaB pathway, RAGE expression, superoxide dismutase and cell apoptosis were determined. RESULTS AGE significantly increased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine. The mRNA and protein expression of RAGE were up-regulated. These effects were significantly attenuated by pre-treatment with L-165041 or EGCG. AGE-induced nuclear factor-kappaB pathway activation and both cells apoptosis were also inhibited by L-165041 or EGCG. Furthermore, both L-165041 and EGCG increased superoxide dismutase levels in AGE-treated HEK cells and HMC. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that PPARdelta agonist and EGCG decreased the AGE-induced kidney cell inflammation and apoptosis. This study provides important insights into the molecular mechanisms of EGCG and PPARdelta agonist in attenuation of kidney cell inflammation and may serve as a therapeutic modality to treat patients with diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Jen Liang
- Department and Institute of Life Science, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
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