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Mo Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q. The pulmonary effects of nickel-containing nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and their underlying mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2024; 11:1817-1846. [PMID: 38984270 PMCID: PMC11230653 DOI: 10.1039/d3en00929g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
With the exponential growth of the nanotechnology field, the global nanotechnology market is on an upward track with fast-growing jobs. Nickel (Ni)-containing nanoparticles (NPs), an important class of transition metal nanoparticles, have been extensively used in industrial and biomedical fields due to their unique nanostructural, physical, and chemical properties. Millions of people have been/are going to be exposed to Ni-containing NPs in occupational and non-occupational settings. Therefore, there are increasing concerns over the hazardous effects of Ni-containing NPs on health and the environment. The respiratory tract is a major portal of entry for Ni-containing NPs; thus, the adverse effects of Ni-containing NPs on the respiratory system, especially the lungs, have been a focus of scientific study. This review summarized previous studies, published before December 1, 2023, on cytotoxic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic effects of Ni-containing NPs on humans, lung cells in vitro, and rodent lungs in vivo, and the potential underlying mechanisms were also included. In addition, whether these adverse effects were induced by NPs themselves or Ni ions released from the NPs was also discussed. The extra-pulmonary effects of Ni-containing NPs were briefly mentioned. This review will provide us with a comprehensive view of the pulmonary effects of Ni-containing NPs and their underlying mechanisms, which will shed light on our future studies, including the urgency and necessity to produce engineering Ni-containing NPs with controlled and reduced toxicity, and also provide the scientific basis for developing nanoparticle exposure limits and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Mo
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Qunwei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Proskurnina EV, Mikheev IV, Savinova EA, Ershova ES, Veiko NN, Kameneva LV, Dolgikh OA, Rodionov IV, Proskurnin MA, Kostyuk SV. Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C 60, C 70, and Gd@C 82 Fullerenes on DNA Oxidative Damage/Repair and Apoptosis in Human Embryonic Lung Fibroblasts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1391-1401. [PMID: 36821424 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Fullerenes and metallofullerenes play an active role in homeostasis of reactive oxygen species and may cause oxidative damage to cells. As pristine fullerenes are a basis for derivatization, studying oxidative DNA damage/repair and apoptosis is important in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity for their biomedical application. Aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 (5 nM and 1.5 μM) were cultured with human fetal lung fibroblasts for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Oxidative DNA damage/repair was assessed through concentration of 8-oxodG, double-strand breaks, and activation of BRCA1. Activity of apoptosis was assessed through the BCL2/BAX ratio. All three fullerenes caused oxidative modification of DNA at the early stages; C60 caused the most long-term damage, Gd@C82 caused the most short-term damage, and C70 caused "wave-like" dynamics. The dynamics of DNA repair correlated with the dynamics of oxidative damage, but Gd@C82 caused more prolonged activation of the repair system than C60 or C70. The oxidative toxicity of Gd@C82, is minor and the oxidative toxicity of C60 is mild and short-term, in contrast to C70. In relation to the studied effects, the fullerenes can be arranged in a safety row of Gd@C82 > C60 > C70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ivan V Mikheev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Savinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Ershova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Natalia N Veiko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Larisa V Kameneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Olga A Dolgikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Ivan V Rodionov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Proskurnin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Kostyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, Moscow 115522, Russia
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Integrative analysis of OIP5-AS1/miR-129-5p/CREBBP axis as a potential therapeutic candidate in the pathogenesis of metal toxicity-induced Alzheimer's disease. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Proskurnina EV, Mikheev IV, Savinova EA, Ershova ES, Veiko NN, Kameneva LV, Dolgikh OA, Rodionov IV, Proskurnin MA, Kostyuk SV. Effects of Aqueous Dispersions of C 60, C 70 and Gd@C 82 Fullerenes on Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress and Anti-Inflammatory Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116130. [PMID: 34200169 PMCID: PMC8201376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fullerenes and metallofullerenes can be considered promising nanopharmaceuticals themselves and as a basis for chemical modification. As reactive oxygen species homeostasis plays a vital role in cells, the study of their effect on genes involved in oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory responses are of particular importance. Methods: Human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 in concentrations of 5 nM and 1.5 µM for 1, 3, 24, and 72 h. Cell viability, intracellular ROS, NOX4, NFκB, PRAR-γ, NRF2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 expression have been studied. Results & conclusion: The aqueous dispersions of C60, C70, and Gd@C82 fullerenes are active participants in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Low and high concentrations of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) have similar effects. C70 was the most inert substance, C60 was the most active substance. All AFDs have both “prooxidant” and “antioxidant” effects but with a different balance. Gd@C82 was a substance with more pronounced antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, while C70 had more pronounced “prooxidant” properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivan V. Mikheev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Savinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Elizaveta S. Ershova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalia N. Veiko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Larisa V. Kameneva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Olga A. Dolgikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
| | - Ivan V. Rodionov
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.M.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Svetlana V. Kostyuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.S.); (E.S.E.); (N.N.V.); (L.V.K.); (O.A.D.); (S.V.K.)
- Department of Normal Physiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 11-5 Mokhovaya St, 125007 Moscow, Russia;
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More SL, Kovochich M, Lyons-Darden T, Taylor M, Schulte AM, Madl AK. Review and Evaluation of the Potential Health Effects of Oxidic Nickel Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:642. [PMID: 33807756 PMCID: PMC7999720 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The exceptional physical and chemical properties of nickel nanomaterials have been exploited in a range of applications such as electrical conductors, batteries, and biomaterials. However, it has been suggested that these unique properties may allow for increased bioavailability, bio-reactivity, and potential adverse health effects. Thus, the purpose of this review was to critically evaluate data regarding the toxicity of oxidic nickel nanoparticles (nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) nanoparticles) with respect to: (1) physico-chemistry properties; (2) nanomaterial characterization in the defined delivery media; (3) appropriateness of model system and translation to potential human effects; (4) biodistribution, retention, and clearance; (5) routes and relevance of exposure; and (6) current research data gaps and likely directions of future research. Inhalation studies were prioritized for review as this represents a potential exposure route in humans. Oxidic nickel particle size ranged from 5 to 100 nm in the 60 studies that were identified. Inflammatory responses induced by exposure of oxidic nickel nanoparticles via inhalation in rodent studies was characterized as acute in nature and only displayed chronic effects after relatively large (high concentration and long duration) exposures. Furthermore, there is no evidence, thus far, to suggest that the effects induced by oxidic nickel nanoparticles are related to preneoplastic events. There are some data to suggest that nano- and micron-sized NiO particles follow a similar dose response when normalized to surface area. However, future experiments need to be conducted to better characterize the exposure-dose-response relationship according to specific surface area and reactivity as a dose metric, which drives particle dissolution and potential biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlee L. More
- Cardno ChemRisk, 6720 S Macadam Ave Suite 150, Portland, OR 97219, USA
| | - Michael Kovochich
- Cardno ChemRisk, 30 North LaSalle St Suite 3910, Chicago, IL 60602, USA;
| | - Tara Lyons-Darden
- NiPERA, 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA; (T.L.-D.); (M.T.)
| | - Michael Taylor
- NiPERA, 2525 Meridian Parkway, Suite 240, Durham, NC 27713, USA; (T.L.-D.); (M.T.)
| | - Alexandra M. Schulte
- Cardno ChemRisk, 65 Enterprise Drive Suite 150, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.K.M.)
| | - Amy K. Madl
- Cardno ChemRisk, 65 Enterprise Drive Suite 150, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA; (A.M.S.); (A.K.M.)
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Suman TY, Jia PP, Li WG, Junaid M, Xin GY, Wang Y, Pei DS. Acute and chronic effects of polystyrene microplastics on brine shrimp: First evidence highlighting the molecular mechanism through transcriptome analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123220. [PMID: 32590134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics contamination is one of the leading environmental catastrophes for the marine ecosystem, but the molecular toxicity mechanism of those microplastics remains elusive. This study aims to determine the acute and chronic toxicity after exposure to polystyrene microplastics in brine shrimp with various concentrations. Our results demonstrated that acute exposure to polystyrene microplastics induced no significant effects on the survival of brine shrimp. Interestingly, the concentration-dependent increase in both bioaccumulation and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed after acute and chronic exposure. Moreover, the histopathology analysis revealed the deformation of epithelial cells in the midgut region after both acute exposures at 100 mg/L and chronic exposure at 1 mg/L to polystyrene microplastics. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of microplastics-mediated toxicity, the transcriptome analysis was performed after chronic exposure, and the result showed 721 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with 156 known KEGG pathways. 292 DEGs genes were significantly upregulated and 429 genes were significantly downregulated. The transcriptome analysis further revealed the DEGs related pathways. Taken together, this study not only highlighted the negative effects but also provided detailed sequencing data from transcriptome profiling to enhance our understanding of the molecular toxicity of polystyrene microplastics in brine shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thodhal Yoganandham Suman
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Xin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
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Lim CS, Porter DW, Orandle MS, Green BJ, Barnes MA, Croston TL, Wolfarth MG, Battelli LA, Andrew ME, Beezhold DH, Siegel PD, Ma Q. Resolution of Pulmonary Inflammation Induced by Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes in Mice: Role of Macrophage Polarization. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1186. [PMID: 32595644 PMCID: PMC7303302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to certain engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) causes chronic lesions like fibrosis and cancer in animal models as a result of unresolved inflammation. Resolution of inflammation involves the time-dependent biosynthesis of lipid mediators (LMs)-in particular, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). To understand how ENM-induced pulmonary inflammation is resolved, we analyzed the inflammatory and pro-resolving responses to fibrogenic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, Mitsui-7) and low-toxicity fullerenes (fullerene C60, C60F). Pharyngeal aspiration of MWCNTs at 40 μg/mouse or C60F at a dose above 640 μg/mouse elicited pulmonary effects in B6C3F1 mice. Both ENMs stimulated acute inflammation, predominated by neutrophils, in the lung at day 1, which transitioned to histiocytic inflammation by day 7. By day 28, the lesion in MWCNT-exposed mice progressed to fibrotic granulomas, whereas it remained as alveolar histiocytosis in C60F-exposed mice. Flow cytometric profiling of whole lung lavage (WLL) cells revealed that neutrophil recruitment was the greatest at day 1 and declined to 36.6% of that level in MWCNT- and 16.8% in C60F-treated mice by day 7, and to basal levels by day 28, suggesting a rapid initiation phase and an extended resolution phase. Both ENMs induced high levels of proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with peaks at day 1, and high levels of SPMs resolvin D1 (RvD1) and E1 (RvE1) with peaks at day 7. MWCNTs and C60F induced time-dependent polarization of M1 macrophages with a peak at day 1 and subsequently of M2 macrophages with a peak at day 7 in the lung, accompanied by elevated levels of type 1 or type 2 cytokines, respectively. M1 macrophages exhibited preferential induction of arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (ALOX5AP), whereas M2 macrophages had a high level expression of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15). Polarization of macrophages in vitro differentially induced ALOX5AP in M1 macrophages or ALOX15 in M2 macrophages resulting in increased preferential biosynthesis of proinflammatory LMs or SPMs. MWCNTs increased the M1- or M2-specific production of LMs accordingly. These findings support a mechanism by which persistent ENM-induced neutrophilic inflammation is actively resolved through time-dependent polarization of macrophages and enhanced biosynthesis of specialized LMs via distinct ALOX pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Seung Lim
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Dale W. Porter
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Marlene S. Orandle
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Brett J. Green
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Mark A. Barnes
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Tara L. Croston
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Michael G. Wolfarth
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Lori A. Battelli
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Michael E. Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Donald H. Beezhold
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Paul D. Siegel
- Office of the Director, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Qiang Ma
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Raja IS, Song SJ, Kang MS, Lee YB, Kim B, Hong SW, Jeong SJ, Lee JC, Han DW. Toxicity of Zero- and One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1214. [PMID: 31466309 PMCID: PMC6780407 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The zero (0-D) and one-dimensional (1-D) carbon nanomaterials have gained attention among researchers because they exhibit a larger surface area to volume ratio, and a smaller size. Furthermore, carbon is ubiquitously present in all living organisms. However, toxicity is a major concern while utilizing carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue regeneration. In the present review, we have summarized some of the recent findings of cellular and animal level toxicity studies of 0-D (carbon quantum dot, graphene quantum dot, nanodiamond, and carbon black) and 1-D (single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes) carbon nanomaterials. The in vitro toxicity of carbon nanomaterials was exemplified in normal and cancer cell lines including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells of different sources. Similarly, the in vivo studies were illustrated in several animal species such as rats, mice, zebrafish, planktons and, guinea pigs, at various concentrations, route of administrations and exposure of nanoparticles. In addition, we have described the unique properties and commercial usage, as well as the similarities and differences among the nanoparticles. The aim of the current review is not only to signify the importance of studying the toxicity of 0-D and 1-D carbon nanomaterials, but also to emphasize the perspectives, future challenges and possible directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Jin Song
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute & Clinical Translational Research Center for Dental Science, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Seung Jo Jeong
- GS Medical Co., Ltd., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28161, Korea
| | - Jae-Chang Lee
- Bio-Based Chemistry Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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Shipkowski KA, Sanders JM, McDonald JD, Walker NJ, Waidyanatha S. Disposition of fullerene C60 in rats following intratracheal or intravenous administration. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1078-1085. [PMID: 30257131 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1528646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fullerene C60 is used in a variety of industrial and consumer capacities. As part of a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of fullerene C60 by the National Toxicology Program, the disposition following intratracheal (IT) instillation and intravenous (IV) administration of 1 or 5 mg/kg b.wt. fullerene C60 was investigated in male Fischer 344 rats. Following IT instillation, fullerene C60 was detected in the lung as early as 0.5 h post-exposure with minimal clearance over the 168 h period; the concentration increased ≥20-fold with a 5-fold increase in the dose. Fullerene C60 was not detected in extrapulmonary tissues. Following IV administration, fullerene C60 was rapidly eliminated from the blood and was undetectable after 0.5 h post-administration. The highest tissue concentrations of fullerene C60 occurred in the liver, followed by the spleen, lung and kidney. Fullerene C60 was cleared slowly from the kidney and the lung with estimated half-lives of 24 and 139 h, respectively. The liver concentration of fullerene C60 did not change much with time; over 90% of the fullerene C60 remained there over the study duration up to 168 h. Fullerene C60 was also not detected in urine or feces. These data support the hypothesis that fullerene C60 accumulates in the body and therefore has the potential to induce detrimental health effects following exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Shipkowski
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA.,b ICF International, Inc , Durham , NC , USA
| | - J M Sanders
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - J D McDonald
- c Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute , Albuquerque , NM , USA
| | - N J Walker
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - S Waidyanatha
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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Skivka LM, Prylutska SV, Rudyk MP, Khranovska NM, Opeida IV, Hurmach VV, Prylutskyy YI, Sukhodub LF, Ritter U. C 60 fullerene and its nanocomplexes with anticancer drugs modulate circulating phagocyte functions and dramatically increase ROS generation in transformed monocytes. Cancer Nanotechnol 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 30416604 PMCID: PMC6208740 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-017-0034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background C60 fullerene-based nanoformulations are proposed to have a direct toxic effect on tumor cells. Previous investigations demonstrated that C60 fullerene used alone or being conjugated with chemotherapeutic agents possesses a potent anticancer activity. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C60 fullerene and its nanocomplexes with anticancer drugs on human phagocyte metabolic profile in vitro. Methods Analysis of the metabolic profile of phagocytes exposed to C60 fullerene in vitro revealed augmented phagocytic activity and down-regulated reactive nitrogen species generation in these cells. Additionally, cytofluorimetric analysis showed that C60 fullerene can exert direct cytotoxic effect on normal and transformed phagocytes through the vigorous induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Results Cytotoxic action as well as the pro-oxidant effect of C60 fullerene was more pronounced toward malignant phagocytes. At the same time, C60 fullerenes have the ability to down-regulate the pro-oxidant effect of cisplatin on normal cells. These results indicate that C60 fullerenes may influence phagocyte metabolism and have both pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties. Conclusions The antineoplastic effect of C60 fullerene has been observed by direct toxic effect on tumor cells, as well as through the modulation of the functions of effector cells of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa M Skivka
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V Prylutska
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Mariia P Rudyk
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | | | - Ievgeniia V Opeida
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Vasyl V Hurmach
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Yuriy I Prylutskyy
- 1Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64 Volodymyrska str., Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - Leonid F Sukhodub
- 3Sumy State University, 2 Rymskogo-Korsakova str., Sumy, 40007 Ukraine
| | - Uwe Ritter
- 4Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer str. 25, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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11
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Rajendran V, Deepa B. Studies on the Structural, Morphological, Optical, Electro Chemical and Antimicrobial Activity of Bare, Cu and Ag @ WO3 Nanoplates by Hydrothermal Method. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Guan M, Fang W, Ullah S, Zhang X, Saquib Q, Al-Khedhairy AA. Functional genomics assessment of narcotic and specific acting chemical pollutants using E. coli. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 232:146-153. [PMID: 28939122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of gene-chemical interaction can be used to derive toxicological mechanism of chemical pollutants, therefore, it might be useful to discriminate chemicals with different mechanisms. In this study, three narcotic chemicals (4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 3, 4-dichloroaniline (DCA) and 2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol (TCE)) and three specific acting chemicals (triclosan (TCS), clarithromycin (CLARY), sulfamethoxazole (SMX)) were assessed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) genome-wide knockout screening. 66, 97, 88, 144, 198 and 180 initial robust hits were identified by exposure to 4-CP, DCA, TCE, TCS, CLARY and SMX with two replicates at the concentration of IC50, respectively. The average fold change values of responsive mutants to the three narcotic chemicals were smaller than the three specific acting chemicals. The common gene ontology (GO) term of biological process enriched by the three narcotic chemicals was "response to external stimulus" (GO: 0009605). Other GO terms like "lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process" (induced by 4-CP) and "purine nucleotide biosynthetic process" (induced by DCA) were also influenced by the narcotic chemicals. The toxic target of three known specific acting chemicals could be validated by GSEA of responsive genes. Four genes (flhC, fliN, fliH and flhD) might serve as potential biomarkers to distinguish narcotic chemicals and specific acting chemicals. The E. coli functional genomic approach presented here has shown great potential not only for the molecular mechanistic screening of chemicals, rather it can discriminate chemicals based on their mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Wendi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Sana Ullah
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Research Center for Environmental Toxicology & Safety of Chemicals, Nanjing University, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmental Safety and Health Risk of Chemicals, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Sonntag R, Feige K, Dos Santos CB, Kretzer JP. Hard Chrome-Coated and Fullerene-Doped Metal Surfaces in Orthopedic Bearings. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121449. [PMID: 29261128 PMCID: PMC5744384 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metal-on-metal bearings for total hip replacements have been introduced as an alternative to polyethylene in young and more active patients. These have, however, been shown to be prone to implant malpositioning and have been limited by some specific design features. In that context, coatings present an option to increase wear resistance by keeping the high fracture strength of the metal substrate. A custom-made electroplating setup was designed for the coating of CoCr substrates using (a) an industrial standard chromium electrolyte; (b) a custom-made hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) electrolyte with a reduced chromium trioxide (CrO3) content, both without solid additives and (c) with the addition of fullerene (C60) nanoparticles; and (d) a trivalent chromium (Cr3+) electrolyte with C60 addition. All coatings showed an increase in microhardness compared with the metal substrate. Trivalent coatings were thinner (10 µm) than the hexavalent coatings (23–40 µm) and resulted in increased roughness and crack density. Wear was found to be reduced for the hexavalent chromium coatings by 70–84% compared with the CoCr–CoCr reference bearing while the trivalent chromium coating even increased wear by more than 300%. The addition of fullerenes to the electrolyte did not show any further tribological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sonntag
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Katja Feige
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Department Electroplating, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Claudia Beatriz Dos Santos
- Institute of Industrial Manufacturing and Management IFF, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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15
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Li Y, Yan J, Ding W, Chen Y, Pack LM, Chen T. Genotoxicity and gene expression analyses of liver and lung tissues of mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:33-46. [PMID: 28011748 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are used in paints, plastics, papers, inks, foods, toothpaste, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. However, TiO2 NPs cause inflammation, pulmonary damage, fibrosis and lung tumours in animals and are possibly carcinogenic to humans. Although there are a large number of studies on the toxicities of TiO2 NPs, the data are inconclusive and the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are not clear. In this study, we used the Comet assay to evaluate genotoxicity and whole-genome microarray technology to analyse gene expression pattern in vivo to explore the possible mechanisms for toxicity and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs. Mice were treated with three daily i.p. injections of 50 mg/kg 10 nm anatase TiO2 NPs and sacrificed 4 h after the last treatment. The livers and lungs were then isolated for the Comet assay and whole genome microarray analysis of gene expression. The NPs were heavily accumulated in liver and lung tissues. However, the treatment was positive for DNA strand breaks only in liver measured with the standard Comet assay, but positive for oxidative DNA adducts in both liver and lung as determined with the enzyme-modified Comet assay. The genotoxicity results suggest that DNA damage mainly resulted from oxidised nucleotides. Gene expression profiles and functional analyses revealed that exposure to TiO2 NPs triggered distinct gene expression patterns in both liver and lung tissues. The gene expression results suggest that TiO2 NPs impair DNA and cells by interrupting metabolic homeostasis in liver and by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis in lung. These findings have broad implications when evaluating the safety of TiO2 NPs used in numerous consumer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.,Covance Laboratories, Inc., Greenfield, IN 46140, USA and
| | - Jian Yan
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Lindsay M Pack
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.,Present address: Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA,
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16
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Sayers BC, Germolec DR, Walker NJ, Shipkowski KA, Stout MD, Cesta MF, Roycroft JH, White KL, Baker GL, Dill JA, Smith MJ. Respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity evaluations of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in mice and rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1458-1468. [PMID: 27618498 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1235737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
C60 fullerene (C60), or buckminsterfullerene, is a spherical arrangement of 60 carbon atoms, having a diameter of approximately 1 nm, and is produced naturally as a by-product of combustion. Due to its small size, C60 has attracted much attention for use in a variety of applications; however, insufficient information is available regarding its toxicological effects. The effects on respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 aggregates (50 nm [nano-C60] and 1 μm [micro-C60] diameter) were examined in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats after nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Exposure concentrations were selected to allow for data evaluations using both mass-based and particle surface area-based exposure metrics. Nano-C60 exposure levels selected were 0.5 and 2 mg/m3 (0.033 and 0.112 m2/m3), while micro-C60 exposures were 2, 15 and 30 mg/m3 (0.011, 0.084 and 0.167 m2/m3). There were no systemic effects on innate, cell-mediated, or humoral immune function. Pulmonary inflammatory responses (histiocytic infiltration, macrophage pigmentation, chronic inflammation) were concentration-dependent and corresponded to increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (rats) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (mice) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lung overload may have contributed to the pulmonary inflammatory responses observed following nano-C60 exposure at 2 mg/m3 and micro-C60 exposure at 30 mg/m3. Phenotype shifts in cells recovered from the BAL were also observed in all C60-exposed rats, regardless of the level of exposure. Overall, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for nano-C60 than for micro-C60 for mass-based exposure comparisons. However, for surface-area-based exposures, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for micro-C60 than for nano-C60, highlighting the importance of dosimetry when evaluating toxicity between nano- and microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Sayers
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Nigel J Walker
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kelly A Shipkowski
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Matthew D Stout
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Mark F Cesta
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Joseph H Roycroft
- a Division of the National Toxicology Program , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Kimber L White
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | | | - Jeffrey A Dill
- c Battelle Toxicology Northwest , Richland , WA , USA , and
| | - Matthew J Smith
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA.,d Richard Bland College of William & Mary , Petersburg , VA , USA
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17
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Sayers BC, Walker NJ, Roycroft JH, Germolec DR, Baker GL, Clark ML, Hayden BK, DeFord H, Dill JA, Gupta A, Stout MD. Lung deposition and clearance of microparticle and nanoparticle C60 fullerene aggregates in B6C3F1 mice and Wistar Han rats following nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Toxicology 2015; 339:87-96. [PMID: 26612504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
C60 fullerenes (C60) are spherical structures consisting of 60 carbon atoms that are generated via combustion from both natural and anthropogenic sources. C60 are also synthesized intentionally for industrial applications. Individual C60 structures have an approximate diameter of 1nm; however, C60 readily forms aggregates and typically exist as larger particles that range from nanometers to micrometers in diameter. In this report, lung and extrapulmonary tissue deposition and lung clearance of C60 nanoparticles (nano-C60, 50nm) and microparticles (micro-C60, 1μm) were examined in Wistar Han rats and B6C3F1/N mice after nose-only inhalation for 90 days. Exposure concentrations were 0.5 and 2mg/m(3) (nano-C60) and 2, 15, and 30mg/m(3) (micro-C60). For both C60 particle sizes, the C60 lung burden increased proportionally to exposure concentration. The C60 lung burden was greater in both species at all time points following exposure to nano-C60 particle exposure compared to micro-C60 exposure at the common exposure concentration 2mg/m(3). The calculated C60 particle lung retention half-times were similar for both nano-C60 and micro-C60 exposure at 2mg/m(3) in male mice (15-16 days). In contrast, in male rats, the half-time of C60 particles following nano-C60 exposure (61 days) was roughly twice as long as the half-time following micro-C60 exposure (27 days) at the same exposure concentration (2mg/m(3)) and was similar to the clearance following micro-C60 exposure at higher exposure concentrations (15 and 30mg/m(3)). C60 was detected in bronchial lymph nodes but the burden was not quantified due to the high variability in the data. C60 concentrations were below the experimental limit of quantitation (ELOQ) in liver, spleen, blood, brain and kidney tissues. These tissue burden data provide information for comparison between nanometer and micrometer sized C60 particle exposure and will aid in the interpretation of toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Sayers
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Nigel J Walker
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Joseph H Roycroft
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dori R Germolec
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Gregory L Baker
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Mark L Clark
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Barry K Hayden
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Henry DeFord
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Dill
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Amit Gupta
- Battelle Toxicology Northwest, 900 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Matthew D Stout
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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18
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Morimoto Y, Izumi H, Yoshiura Y, Tomonaga T, Lee BW, Okada T, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Kawai K, Yatera K, Shimada M, Kubo M, Yamamoto K, Kitajima S, Kuroda E, Horie M, Kawaguchi K, Sasaki T. Comparison of pulmonary inflammatory responses following intratracheal instillation and inhalation of nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:607-18. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Shim I, Kim HM, Yang S, Choi M, Seo GB, Lee BW, Yoon BI, Kim P, Choi K. Inhalation of Talc Induces Infiltration of Macrophages and Upregulation of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase in Rats. Int J Toxicol 2015; 34:491-9. [PMID: 26482432 DOI: 10.1177/1091581815607068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Talc is a mineral that is widely used in cosmetic products, antiseptics, paints, and rubber manufacturing. Although the toxicological effects of talc have been studied extensively, until now no detailed inhalation study of talc focusing on oxidative stress has been done. This repeated 4 weeks whole-body inhalation toxicity study of talc involved Sprague-Dawley rats. Male and female groups of rats were exposed to inhaled talc at 0, 5, 50, and 100 mg/m(3) for 6 hours daily, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The objective was to identify the 4-week inhalation toxicity of talc and investigate antioxidant activity after exposure to talc. There were no treatment-related symptoms or mortality in rats treated with talc. Glucose (GLU) was decreased significantly in male rats exposed to 50 and 100 mg/m(3) of talc. Histopathological examination revealed infiltration of macrophages on the alveolar walls and spaces near the terminal and respiratory bronchioles. In male and female rats exposed to 100 mg/m(3) talc, expression of superoxide dismutase 2, a typical biological indicator of oxidative damage, was significantly increased. Thus, inhalation of talc induces macrophage aggregations and oxidative damage in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseob Shim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mi Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyoung Yang
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun-Baek Seo
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Woo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Il Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Srivastava V, Gusain D, Sharma YC. Critical Review on the Toxicity of Some Widely Used Engineered Nanoparticles. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b01610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Deepak Gusain
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Yogesh Chandra Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
Green Chemistry and Renewable Energy Laboratories, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, India
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21
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Fujita K, Fukuda M, Endoh S, Maru J, Kato H, Nakamura A, Shinohara N, Uchino K, Honda K. Size effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes on in vivo and in vitro pulmonary toxicity. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:207-23. [PMID: 25865113 PMCID: PMC4487552 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1026620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the effect of size on the pulmonary toxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), we prepared two types of dispersed SWCNTs, namely relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes (CNT-1) and thick bundles with long linear shapes (CNT-2), and conducted rat intratracheal instillation tests and in vitro cell-based assays using NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages. Total protein levels, MIP-1α expression, cell counts in BALF, and histopathological examinations revealed that CNT-1 caused pulmonary inflammation and slower recovery and that CNT-2 elicited acute lung inflammation shortly after their instillation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis confirmed that CNT-1-induced genes were strongly associated with inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and immune system processes at 7 or 30 d post-instillation. Numerous genes were significantly upregulated or downregulated by CNT-2 at 1 d post-instillation. In vitro assays demonstrated that CNT-1 and CNT-2 SWCNTs were phagocytized by NR8383 cells. CNT-2 treatment induced cell growth inhibition, reactive oxygen species production, MIP-1α expression, and several genes involved in response to stimulus, whereas CNT-1 treatment did not exert a significant impact in these regards. These results suggest that SWCNTs formed as relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes elicited delayed pulmonary inflammation with slower recovery. In contrast, SWCNTs with a relatively thick bundle and long linear shapes sensitively induced cellular responses in alveolar macrophages and elicited acute lung inflammation shortly after inhalation. We conclude that the pulmonary toxicity of SWCNTs is closely associated with the size of the bundles. These physical parameters are useful for risk assessment and management of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki , Japan
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22
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Kwon JY, Koedrith P, Seo YR. Current investigations into the genotoxicity of zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles in mammalian models in vitro and in vivo: carcinogenic/genotoxic potential, relevant mechanisms and biomarkers, artifacts, and limitations. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9 Suppl 2:271-86. [PMID: 25565845 PMCID: PMC4279763 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s57918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in many sectors, such as food, medicine, military, and sport, but their unique characteristics may cause deleterious health effects. Close attention is being paid to metal NP genotoxicity; however, NP genotoxic/carcinogenic effects and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this review, we address some metal and metal oxide NPs of interest and current genotoxicity tests in vitro and in vivo. Metal NPs can cause DNA damage such as chromosomal aberrations, DNA strand breaks, oxidative DNA damage, and mutations. We also discuss several parameters that may affect genotoxic response, including physicochemical properties, widely used assays/end point tests, and experimental conditions. Although potential biomarkers of nanogenotoxicity or carcinogenicity are suggested, inconsistent findings in the literature render results inconclusive due to a variety of factors. Advantages and limitations related to different methods for investigating genotoxicity are described, and future directions and recommendations for better understanding genotoxic potential are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Young Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Preeyaporn Koedrith
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Phuttamonthon District, NakhonPathom, Thailand
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hendrickson OD, Zherdev AV, Gmoshinskii IV, Dzantiev BB. Fullerenes: In vivo studies of biodistribution, toxicity, and biological action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s199507801406010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Komatsu H, Daimon Y, Kawakami K, Kanai M, Hill JP, Ariga K. Reaction mediated artificial cell termination: control of vesicle viability using Rh(I)-catalyzed hydrogenation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16454-7. [PMID: 24983481 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methods for artificial cell control by applying catalytic processes are receiving increasing attention as a basis for artificial control of cellular functions. Here we have developed a Rh(I)-based catalytic hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated bonds of lipids that make up vesicles contained in aqueous media. The reduction reaction was applied to vesicles revealing that oleate vesicles collapse following catalytic reduction with H2 and a Rh(I) catalyst, while the distribution of EggPC liposomes was increased following the reaction. Proliferation and size of the vesicles could thus be controlled by catalysis based on variations in fluidity of the vesicle membrane. This process is applicable for use in artificial cells and/or even living cellular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Komatsu
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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25
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Jiang C, Jia J, Zhai S. Mechanistic understanding of toxicity from nanocatalysts. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:13967-92. [PMID: 25119861 PMCID: PMC4159834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150813967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based catalysts, or nanocatalysts, have been applied in various industrial sectors, including refineries, petrochemical plants, the pharmaceutical industry, the chemical industry, food processing, and environmental remediation. As a result, there is an increasing risk of human exposure to nanocatalysts. This review evaluates the toxicity of popular nanocatalysts applied in industrial processes in cell and animal models. The molecular mechanisms associated with such nanotoxicity are emphasized to reveal common toxicity-inducing pathways from various nanocatalysts and the uniqueness of each specific nanocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuijuan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Jianbo Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Shumei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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Gajewicz A, Schaeublin N, Rasulev B, Hussain S, Leszczynska D, Puzyn T, Leszczynski J. Towards understanding mechanisms governing cytotoxicity of metal oxides nanoparticles: hints from nano-QSAR studies. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:313-25. [PMID: 24983896 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.930195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of nanomaterials increases every year exponentially and therefore the probability these novel materials that they could cause adverse outcomes for human health and the environment also expands rapidly. We proposed two types of mechanisms of toxic action that are collectively applied in a nano-QSAR model, which provides governance over the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to the human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The combined experimental-theoretical studies allowed the development of an interpretative nano-QSAR model describing the toxicity of 18 nano-metal oxides to the HaCaT cell line, which is a common in vitro model for keratinocyte response during toxic dermal exposure. The comparison of the toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to bacteria Escherichia coli (prokaryotic system) and a human keratinocyte cell line (eukaryotic system), resulted in the hypothesis that different modes of toxic action occur between prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk , Gdańsk , Poland
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27
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Fujita K, Fukuda M, Fukui H, Horie M, Endoh S, Uchida K, Shichiri M, Morimoto Y, Ogami A, Iwahashi H. Intratracheal instillation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in the rat lung induces time-dependent changes in gene expression. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:290-301. [PMID: 24911292 PMCID: PMC4487535 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.921737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of carbon nanotubes in the industry has grown; however, little is known about their toxicological mechanism of action. Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) suspensions were administered by single intratracheal instillation in rats. Persistence of alveolar macrophage-containing granuloma was observed around the sites of SWCNT aggregation at 90 days post-instillation in 0.2-mg- or 0.4-mg-injected doses per rat. Meanwhile, gene expression profiling revealed that a large number of genes involved in the inflammatory response were markedly upregulated until 90 days or 180 days post-instillation. Subsequently, gene expression patterns were dramatically altered at 365 days post-instillation, and the number of upregulated genes involved in the inflammatory response was reduced. These results suggested that alveolar macrophage-containing granuloma reflected a characteristic of the histopathological transition period from the acute-phase to the subchronic-phase of inflammation, as well as pulmonary acute phase response persistence up to 90 or 180 days after intratracheal instillation in this experimental setting. The expression levels of the genes Ctsk, Gcgr, Gpnmb, Lilrb4, Marco, Mreg, Mt3, Padi1, Slc26a4, Spp1, Tnfsf4 and Trem2 were persistently upregulated in a dose-dependent manner until 365 days post-instillation. In addition, the expression levels of Atp6v0d2, Lpo, Mmp7, Mmp12 and Rnase9 were significantly upregulated until 754 days post-instillation. We propose that these persistently upregulated genes in the chronic-phase response following the acute-phase response act as potential biomarkers in lung tissue after SWCNT instillation. This study provides further insight into the time-dependent changes in genomic expression associated with the pulmonary toxicity of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba , Japan
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Park EJ, Roh J, Kim Y, Park K. Induction of Inflammatory Responses by Carbon Fullerene (C60) in Cultured RAW264.7 Cells and in Intraperitoneally Injected Mice. Toxicol Res 2013; 26:267-73. [PMID: 24278534 PMCID: PMC3834498 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2010.26.4.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As the use of carbon fullerene increases in the chemical industry, the concern over its biological and toxicological effects is also increasing. In this study, the suspension of carbon fullerene (C60) in phosphate buffered saline was prepared and toxicity was investigated using cultured RAW 264.7 and in intraperitoneally injected mice, respectively. The average size of carbon fullerene in the suspension was 53.7 ± 26.5 nm when determined by particle size analyzer. Cell viability was significantly decreased by the exposure of carbon fullerene (0.25~2.00 μg/ml) for 96 hrs in the cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH) level was also decreased compared to the level of the non-treated control group during the exposure period, while the level of nitric oxide was increased. When mice were intraperitoneally injected with carbon fullerene, serum cytokine levels of IL-1 and IL-6 were increased with the increased expression of inflammatory genes in peritoneal macrophage and T cell distribution in blood lymphocytes.The results suggested inflammatory responses were induced by carbon fullerene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 136-714
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Profiling the molecular mechanism of fullerene cytotoxicity on tumor cells by RNA-seq. Toxicology 2013; 314:183-92. [PMID: 24125657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The interest on functionalized fullerenes in the field of nanomedicine has seen a significant increase in the past decade. However, the different methods employed to increase C60 solubility profoundly influence the physicochemical properties and the toxicological effects of these compounds, thus complicating the evaluation of their toxicity and potential therapeutic use. Here we report a whole-transcriptome RNA-seq analysis assessing the effect of two fullerenes (1 and 2) on gene expression in the human MCF7 cell line. Although these two compounds had previously been characterized by in vitro studies as having a cytotoxic and null effect respectively, to date the mechanisms at the basis of this different behavior and, more in general, at the basis of the effect of most fullerene derivatives in living cells are still completely unknown. Our data evidence that: (a) fullerene 2 caused a significant, time-dependent alteration of gene expression, whereas 1 only had a negligible effect; (b) the biological processes mostly influenced over the 48h experimental time course were transcription, protein synthesis, cell cycle progression and cell adhesion; (c) the gene expression signature of 2-treated cells was strikingly similar to those induced by selective inhibitors of mTOR signaling, thus suggesting an effect on this pathway for fullerene 2. Our work represents the first approach toward the application of RNA-seq to the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction of fullerenes with cellular systems and provides an objective view of the feasibility and the safety of these nanomaterials for a medical application.
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Histomorphological evaluation of maternal and neonatal distal airspaces after maternal intake of nanoparticulate titanium dioxide: an experimental study in Wistar rats. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:91-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Morimoto Y, Horie M, Kobayashi N, Shinohara N, Shimada M. Inhalation toxicity assessment of carbon-based nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:770-81. [PMID: 22574947 DOI: 10.1021/ar200311b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the demand for nanomaterials has grown, researchers have not conclusively determined the effects of nanomaterials on the human body. To understand the effects of nanomaterials on occupational health, we need to estimate the respiratory toxicity of nanomaterials through inhalation studies, intratracheal instillation studies, and pharyngeal aspiration studies. The discrepancies observed among these studies tend to result from differences in the physiochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as aggregation and dispersion. Therefore, in all toxicity studies, identification of the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is essential. This Account reviews the inhalation toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials and compares them with inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerene and carbon nanotubes. In many reports, pulmonary inflammation and injury served as pulmonary endpoints for the inhalation toxicity. To assess pulmonary inflammation, we examined neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the alveolar and/or interstitial space, and the expression of the neutrophil and/or monocyte chemokines. We also reported the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the expression of oxidative stress-related genes characteristic of lung injury, and the presence of granulomatous lesion and pulmonary fibrosis. In the inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerenes, exposure to fullerene did not induce pulmonary inflammation or transient inflammation. By contrast, in an inhalation study, a high concentration of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induced neutrophil inflammation or granulomatous formations in the lung, and intratracheal instillation of MWCNTs and SWCNTs induced persistent inflammation in the lung. Among the physicochemical properties of carbon nanotubes, the increased surface area is associated with inflammatory activity as measured by the increase in the rate of neutrophils measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Metal impurities such as iron and nickel enhanced the pulmonary toxicity of carbon nanotubes, and SWCNTs that included an amorphous carbon induced multifocal granulomas in the lung while purer SWCNTs did not. The aggregation state also affects pulmonary response: Exposure to well-dispersed carbon nanotubes led to the thickening of the alveolar wall and fewer granulomatous lesions in the lung, while agglomerated carbon nanotubes produced granulomatous inflammation. The values of the acceptable exposure concentration in some countries were based on the data of subacute and subchronic inhalation and intratracheal instillation studies of well-characterized fullerene and carbon nanotubes. In Japan, the acceptable exposure concentration of fullerene is 0.39 mg/m³. In Europe, the proposal concentration is 44.4 μg/m³ for acute toxicity and 0.27 μg/m³ for chronic toxicity. The proposal acceptable exposure concentrations of carbon nanotubes are 0.03, 0.05, and 0.007 mg/m³ in Japan, Europe, and the United States, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan
| | - Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan
| | | | - Naohide Shinohara
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Manabu Shimada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Li B, Ze Y, Sun Q, Zhang T, Sang X, Cui Y, Wang X, Gui S, Tan D, Zhu M, Zhao X, Sheng L, Wang L, Hong F, Tang M. Molecular mechanisms of nanosized titanium dioxide-induced pulmonary injury in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55563. [PMID: 23409001 PMCID: PMC3567101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary damage induced by nanosized titanium dioxide (nano-TiO2) is of great concern, but the mechanism of how this damage may be incurred has yet to be elucidated. Here, we examined how multiple genes may be affected by nano-TiO2 exposure to contribute to the observed damage. The results suggest that long-term exposure to nano-TiO2 led to significant increases in inflammatory cells, and levels of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphate, and total protein, and promoted production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipid, protein and DNA in mouse lung tissue. We also observed nano-TiO2 deposition in lung tissue via light and confocal Raman microscopy, which in turn led to severe pulmonary inflammation and pneumonocytic apoptosis in mice. Specifically, microarray analysis showed significant alterations in the expression of 847 genes in the nano-TiO2-exposed lung tissues. Of 521 genes with known functions, 361 were up-regulated and 160 down-regulated, which were associated with the immune/inflammatory responses, apoptosis, oxidative stress, the cell cycle, stress responses, cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton, signal transduction, and metabolic processes. Therefore, the application of nano-TiO2 should be carried out cautiously, especially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaling Cui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Danlin Tan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Morimoto Y, Hirohashi M, Ogami A, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Hashiba M, Mizuguchi Y, Kambara T, Lee BW, Kuroda E, Tanaka I. Expression of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant in rat lungs following an intratracheal instillation of micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:851-60. [PMID: 23104729 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712464807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In our previous study, we reported that the micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates induced neutrophil infiltration and the gene expression of the cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-2αβ in a rat lung. In this study, we examined the expression of the CINCs family in the lung using the same rat model exposed to micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates. METHODS The count median diameter of nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates suspended in saline was 1.34 μm (primary diameter: 8.41 nm). Male Wistar rats received an intratracheal instillation of 1 mg (3.3 mg/kg) of nickel oxide nanoparticles and were dissected at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after the instillation. The negative control group received an instillation of saline. The concentration of CINC-1 in the lung and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), CINC-2αβ in the BALF, and CINC-3 in the lung and the BALF was examined. RESULTS The concentration of CINC-1 was elevated at 3 days, 3 months, and 6 months in the lung tissue and from 3 days to 6 months in the BALF. The concentration of CINC-2αβ was elevated from 3 days to 3 months in the BALF. The concentration of CINC-3 was also elevated at 3 days, 1 week, 3 months, and 6 months in the lung tissue. Infiltration of neutrophil and alveolar macrophage was observed mainly in the alveoli during the observed time period. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CINC-1 to -3 were totally involved in the lung injury caused by micron-sized nickel oxide nanoparticle agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masami Hirohashi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Akira Ogami
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Takako Oyabu
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Myojo
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Hashiba
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuguchi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Kambara
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Byeong Woo Lee
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
| | - Isamu Tanaka
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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Horie M, Fukui H, Endoh S, Maru J, Miyauchi A, Shichiri M, Fujita K, Niki E, Hagihara Y, Yoshida Y, Morimoto Y, Iwahashi H. Comparison of acute oxidative stress on rat lung induced by nano and fine-scale, soluble and insoluble metal oxide particles: NiO and TiO2. Inhal Toxicol 2012; 24:391-400. [PMID: 22642288 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2012.682321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to understand the association between metal ion release from nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and induction of oxidative stress in the lung. NiO nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity through nickel ion release and subsequent oxidative stress. However, the interaction of oxidative stress and nickel ion release in vivo is still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effect of metal ion release on oxidative stress induced by NiO nanoparticles. Additionally, nano and fine TiO(2) particles as insoluble particles were also examined. Rat lung was exposed to NiO and TiO(2) nanoparticles by intratracheal instillation. The NiO nanoparticles released Ni(2+) in dispersion. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected at 1, 24, 72 h and 1 week after instillation. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and HO-1 levels were elevated at 24 and 72 h after instillation in the animals exposed to the NiO nanoparticles. On the other hand, total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE), which is an oxidative product of linoleic acid, as well as SP-D and α-tochopherol levels were increased at 72 h and 1 week after instillation. Fine NiO particles, and nano and fine TiO(2) particles did not show lung injury or oxidative stress from 1 h to 1 week after instillation. These results suggest that Ni(2+) release is involved in the induction of oxidative stress by NiO nanoparticles in the lung. Ni(2+) release from NiO nanoparticles is an important factor inoxidative stress-related toxicity, not only in vitro but also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Fujita K, Fukuda M, Iwahashi H. [Significance of comprehensive gene expression analysis for evaluation of biological effects of manufactured nanomaterials]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2012; 67:390-5. [PMID: 22781013 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.67.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The industrial applications of manufactured nanomaterials (MNs) are expected to be extended to next-generation devices. On the other hand, concern over the effects of MNs on human health has risen owing to advances in the development of nanotechnology. Indeed, little is known about the mechanism of action of MNs. The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization of Japan (NEDO) launched a new research project entitled "Evaluating risks associated with manufactured nanomaterials (P10024)" in 2006. The project demonstrated no adverse effects of MN inhalation exposure on the rat lungs, as determined by histopathological examination and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis. In parallel with this research, we have performed comparative gene expression analysis using DNA microarrays in rat lungs after inhalation exposure (4 weeks, 6 hours a day, 5 days a week) to single-wall nanotubes (SWCNTs), multiwall nanotubes (MWCNTs), C<inf>60</inf> fullerene and ultrafine nickel oxide particles (Uf-NiO) as reference materials for the purpose of gaining insights into the molecular events following the exposure. In this review, we introduce an outline of the project, and discuss about the significance of comparative gene expression analysis for evaluation of the biological effects of MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Fujita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan.
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Toxicity of pristine versus functionalized fullerenes: mechanisms of cell damage and the role of oxidative stress. Arch Toxicol 2012; 86:1809-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Cui Y, Liu H, Ze Y, Zengli Z, Hu Y, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Gao G, Wang L, Tang M, Hong F. Gene expression in liver injury caused by long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:171-85. [PMID: 22539623 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) has been demonstrated, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of multiple genes working together underlying this type of liver injury in mice. In this study, we used the whole-genome microarray analysis technique to determine the gene expression profile in the livers of mice exposed to 10 mg/kg body weight TiO(2) NPs for 90 days. The findings showed that long-term exposure to TiO(2) NPs resulted in obvious titanium accumulation in the liver and TiO(2) NP aggregation in hepatocyte nuclei, an inflammatory response, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver dysfunction. Furthermore, microarray data showed striking changes in the expression of 785 genes related to the immune/inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress, the metabolic process, response to stress, cell cycle, ion transport, signal transduction, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, and cell differentiation in TiO(2) NP-exposed livers. In particular, a significant reduction in complement factor D (Cfd) expression following long-term exposure to TiO(2) NPs resulted in autoimmune and inflammatory disease states in mice. Therefore, Cfd may be a potential biomarker of liver toxicity caused by TiO(2) NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Cui
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Van Der Ploeg MJ, Handy RD, Heckmann LH, Van Der Hout A, Van Den Brink NW. C60exposure induced tissue damage and gene expression alterations in the earthwormLumbricus rubellus. Nanotoxicology 2012; 7:432-40. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2012.668569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Chen Z, Ma L, Liu Y, Chen C. Applications of functionalized fullerenes in tumor theranostics. Am J Cancer Res 2012; 2:238-50. [PMID: 22509193 PMCID: PMC3326736 DOI: 10.7150/thno.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized fullerenes with specific physicochemical properties have been developed for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Notably, metallofullerene is a new class of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast-enhancing agent, and may have promising applications for clinical diagnosis. Polyhydroxylated and carboxyl fullerenes have been applied to photoacoustic imaging. Moreover, in recent years, functionalized fullerenes have shown potential in tumor therapies, such as photodynamic therapy, photothermal treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapeutics. Their antitumor effects may be associated with the modulation of oxidative stress, anti-angiogenesis, and immunostimulatory activity. While various types of novel nanoparticle agents have been exploited in tumor theranostics, their distribution, metabolism and toxicity in organisms have also been a source of concern among researchers. The present review summarizes the potential of fullerenes as tumor theranostics agents and their possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
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Horie M, Kato H, Fujita K, Endoh S, Iwahashi H. In Vitro Evaluation of Cellular Response Induced by Manufactured Nanoparticles. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 25:605-19. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200470e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Horie
- Institute of Industrial Ecological
Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (UOEH), 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-Nishi, Kitakyushu,
Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Kato
- National Metrology Institute
of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- Research Institute of Science
for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Endoh
- Technology Research Association for Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes (TASC),
16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwahashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological
Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido,
Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Feasibility of biomarker studies for engineered nanoparticles: what can be learned from air pollution research. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 53:S74-9. [PMID: 21654422 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31821b1bf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure to engineered nanoparticles (NP) may pose health risks to the workers. This article is to discuss the feasibility of identifying biomarkers that are associated with NP exposure. METHODS Scientific literature on the adverse health effects of ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) and NP was reviewed to discuss the feasibility of conducting biomarker studies to identify NP-induced early biological changes. RESULTS Various approaches for biomarker studies have been identified, including potential injury pathways that need to be considered and the methodologies that may be used for such studies. CONCLUSIONS Although NP may have novel mechanisms of injury, much can be learned from our experience in studying UFP. Oxidative stress-related pathways can be an important consideration for identifying NP-associated biomarkers, and one of the most effective approaches for such studies may be proteome profiling. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Biomarker studies will provide valuable information to identify early biological events associated with the adverse health effects of engineered nanomaterials before the manifestation of clinical outcomes. This is particularly important for the health surveillance of workers who may be at higher risk due to their occupational settings.
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Hsieh WY, Chou CC, Ho CC, Yu SL, Chen HY, Chou HYE, Chen JJW, Chen HW, Yang PC. Single-walled carbon nanotubes induce airway hyperreactivity and parenchymal injury in mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 46:257-67. [PMID: 21960547 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0010oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has raised serious concerns related to potential toxic effects in the respiratory system. This study examined possible SWCNT-induced toxic mechanisms in vivo in mice. The results indicated that a single intratracheal instillation of SWCNTs could induce airway hyperreactivity and airflow obstruction and confirmed previous findings of granulomatous changes in the lung parenchyma that persisted from 7 days to 6 months after exposure. The irreversible lung pathology and functional airway alterations in the mouse model mimicked obstructive airway disease in humans. Transcriptomic analysis showed that SWCNTs might up-regulate proteinases (cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]12), chemokines C-C motif ligands (CCL2 and CCL3), and several macrophage receptors (Toll-like receptor 2, macrophage scavenger receptor 1). Pathway analyses showed that NF-κB-related inflammatory responses and downstream signals affecting tissue remodeling dominated the pathologic process. The NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate attenuated SWCNT-induced airway hyperreactivity, chronic airway inflammation, and MMP12 and cathepsin K expression when administered in vivo, whereas a cathepsin K inhibitor could partially reduce airway hyperreactivity and granulomatous changes in the SWCNT-treated group. The up-regulation of cathepsin K and MMP12 by SWCNTs was further confirmed via in vitro coculture of bronchoalveolar macrophages with lung epithelial/mesenchymal cells but not in macrophages without coculture, indicating that SWCNT-induced MMP12 and cathespin K were cell-type specific and cell-cell interaction dependent. In conclusion, exposure to SWCNTs may cause irreversible obstructive airway disease. Nanotoxicogenomics uncovered novel mechanisms underlying SWCNT-induced lung diseases, implicating MMP12 and cathepsin K in the pathologic injury as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Sec. 1 Ren-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ogami A, Yamamoto K, Morimoto Y, Fujita K, Hirohashi M, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Nishi K, Kadoya C, Todoroki M, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Shimada M, Wang WN, Shinohara N, Endoh S, Uchida K, Nakanishi J, Tanaka I. Pathological features of rat lung following inhalation and intratracheal instillation of C(60) fullerene. Inhal Toxicol 2011; 23:407-16. [PMID: 21639709 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2011.580386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the pulmonary pathological features of rats that received a single intratracheal instillation and a 4-week inhalation of a fullerene. We used fullerene C(60) (nanom purple; Frontier Carbon Co. Ltd, Japan) in this study. Male Wistar rats received intratracheal dose of 0.1, 0.2, or 1 mg of C(60), and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. In the inhalation study, Wistar rats received C(60) or nickel oxide by whole-body inhalation for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks, and were sacrificed at 3 days, 1 month, and 3 months after the end of exposure. During the observation period, no tumors or granulomas were observed in either study. Histopathological evaluation by the point counting method (PCM) showed that a high dose of C(60) (1 mg) instillation led to a significant increase of areas of inflammation in the early phase (until 1 week). In the inhalation study of the C(60)-exposed group, PCM evaluation showed significant changes in the C(60)-exposed group only at 3 days after exposure; after 1 month, no significant changes were observed. The present study demonstrated that the pulmonary inflammation pattern after exposure to well-characterized C(60) via both intratracheal and inhalation instillation was slight and transient. These results support our previous studies that showed C(60) has no significant adverse effects in intratracheal and inhalation instillation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ogami
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Shinohara N, Gamo M, Nakanishi J. Fullerene c60: inhalation hazard assessment and derivation of a period-limited acceptable exposure level. Toxicol Sci 2011; 123:576-89. [PMID: 21856993 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fullerene C(60) has great potential for use in many industry and medical nanotechnology applications. Although the use of nanomaterials has been increasing in the recent years, limited information about its potential hazardous effects is available. Therefore, safety of nanomaterials is a world concern. Before health effects arise in workers and the general population, development and use under appropriate management are desirable. Therefore, we aimed to determine an acceptable exposure level for humans by reviewing the limited animal toxicity data available. Here, we present an initial hazard assessment, including a review of the available toxicity information of the effects of C(60) on the lungs. We then estimated the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of C(60) on rat lung toxicity by using lung retention of C(60) in inhalation exposure and intratracheal instillation tests. The NOAEL of C(60) on rat lung toxicity was estimated to be 3.1 mg/m(3). Because this is the NOAEL for subchronic toxicity, a period-limited acceptable exposure level (AEL(PL)) for humans was proposed, which assumed 15 years of exposure and modification within the next 10 years since more knowledge will be gained in the future. The AEL(PL) of C(60) particles with a geometric mean of 96 nm and a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 2.0 was estimated to be 0.39 mg/m(3) for healthy workers and 1.4 × 10(-2) mg/m(3) for the general human population. The AEL(PL) of C(60) particles with different sizes was estimated to be for healthy workers and for the general human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Shinohara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
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Moos PJ, Olszewski K, Honeggar M, Cassidy P, Leachman S, Woessner D, Cutler NS, Veranth JM. Responses of human cells to ZnO nanoparticles: a gene transcription study. Metallomics 2011; 3:1199-211. [PMID: 21769377 DOI: 10.1039/c1mt00061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gene transcript profile responses to metal oxide nanoparticles was studied using human cell lines derived from the colon and skin tumors. Much of the research on nanoparticle toxicology has focused on models of inhalation and intact skin exposure, and effects of ingestion exposure and application to diseased skin are relatively unknown. Powders of nominally nanosized SiO2, TiO2, ZnO and Fe2O3 were chosen because these substances are widely used in consumer products. The four oxides were evaluated using colon-derived cell lines, RKO and CaCo-2, and ZnO and TiO2 were evaluated further using skin-derived cell lines HaCaT and SK Mel-28. ZnO induced the most notable gene transcription changes, even though this material was applied at the lowest concentration. Nano-sized and conventional ZnO induced similar responses suggesting common mechanisms of action. The results showed neither a non-specific response pattern common to all substances nor synergy of the particles with TNF-α cotreatment. The response to ZnO was not consistent with a pronounced proinflammatory signature, but involved changes in metal metabolism, chaperonin proteins, and protein folding genes. This response was observed in all cell lines when ZnO was in contact with the human cells. When the cells were exposed to soluble Zn, the genes involved in metal metabolism were induced but the genes involved in protein refoldling were unaffected. This provides some of the first data on the effects of commercial metal oxide nanoparticles on human colon-derived and skin-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S. 2000 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
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Morimoto Y, Ogami A, Todoroki M, Yamamoto M, Murakami M, Hirohashi M, Oyabu T, Myojo T, Nishi KI, Kadoya C, Yamasaki S, Nagatomo H, Fujita K, Endoh S, Uchida K, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi N, Nakanishi J, Tanaka I. Expression of inflammation-related cytokines following intratracheal instillation of nickel oxide nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2011; 4:161-76. [PMID: 20795893 DOI: 10.3109/17435390903518479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine what kinds of cytokines are related to lung disorder by well-dispersed nanoparticles. The mass median diameter of nickel oxide in distilled water was 26 nm. Rats intratracheally received 0.2 mg of nickel oxide suspended in distilled water, and were sacrificed from three days to six months. The concentrations of 21 cytokines including inflammation, fibrosis and allergy-related ones were measured in the lung. Infiltration of alveolar macrophages was observed persistently in the nickel oxide-exposed group. Expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha showed a continued increase in lung tissue and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) while interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta in lung tissue and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in BALF showed transient increases. Taken together, it was suggested that nano-agglomerates of nickel oxide nanoparticles have a persistent inflammatory effect, and the transient increase in cytokine expression and persistent increases in CC chemokine were involved in the persistent pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Morimoto
- Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
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van der Ploeg MJC, Baveco JM, van der Hout A, Bakker R, Rietjens IMCM, van den Brink NW. Effects of C60 nanoparticle exposure on earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) and implications for population dynamics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2011; 159:198-203. [PMID: 20932615 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Effects of C60 nanoparticles (nominal concentrations 0, 15.4 and 154 mg/kg soil) on mortality, growth and reproduction of Lumbricus rubellus earthworms were assessed. C60 exposure had a significant effect on cocoon production, juvenile growth rate and mortality. These endpoints were used to model effects on the population level. This demonstrated reduced population growth rate with increasing C60 concentrations. Furthermore, a shift in stage structure was shown for C60 exposed populations, i.e. a larger proportion of juveniles. This result implies that the lower juvenile growth rate due to exposure to C60 resulted in a larger proportion of juveniles, despite increased mortality among juveniles. Overall, this study indicates that C60 exposure may seriously affect earthworm populations. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that juveniles were more sensitive to C60 exposure than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C van der Ploeg
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalssesteeg 3, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Baveco
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalssesteeg 3, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A van der Hout
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalssesteeg 3, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Bakker
- RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N W van den Brink
- Alterra, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalssesteeg 3, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Review of fullerene toxicity and exposure – Appraisal of a human health risk assessment, based on open literature. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 58:455-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 06/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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