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Wang X, Li N, Ma M, Han Y, Rao K. Immunotoxicity In Vitro Assays for Environmental Pollutants under Paradigm Shift in Toxicity Tests. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:273. [PMID: 36612599 PMCID: PMC9819277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With the outbreak of COVID-19, increasingly more attention has been paid to the effects of environmental factors on the immune system of organisms, because environmental pollutants may act in synergy with viruses by affecting the immunity of organisms. The immune system is a developing defense system formed by all metazoans in the course of struggling with various internal and external factors, whose damage may lead to increased susceptibility to pathogens and diseases. Due to a greater vulnerability of the immune system, immunotoxicity has the potential to be the early event of other toxic effects, and should be incorporated into environmental risk assessment. However, compared with other toxicity endpoints, e.g., genotoxicity, endocrine toxicity, or developmental toxicity, there are many challenges for the immunotoxicity test of environmental pollutants; this is due to the lack of detailed mechanisms of action and reliable assay methods. In addition, with the strong appeal for animal-free experiments, there has been a significant shift in the toxicity test paradigm, from traditional animal experiments to high-throughput in vitro assays that rely on cell lines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to build high-though put immunotoxicity test methods to screen massive environmental pollutants. This paper reviews the common methods of immunotoxicity assays, including assays for direct immunotoxicity and skin sensitization. Direct immunotoxicity mainly refers to immunosuppression, for which the assays mostly use mixed immune cells or isolated single cells from animals with obvious problems, such as high cost, complex experimental operation, strong variability and so on. Meanwhile, there have been no stable and standard cell lines targeting immune functions developed for high-throughput tests. Compared with direct immunotoxicity, skin sensitizer screening has developed relatively mature in vitro assay methods based on an adverse outcome pathway (AOP), which points out the way forward for the paradigm shift in toxicity tests. According to the experience of skin sensitizer screening, this paper proposes that we also should seek appropriate nodes and establish more complete AOPs for immunosuppression and other immune-mediated diseases. Then, effective in vitro immunotoxicity assay methods can be developed targeting key events, simultaneously coordinating the studies of the chemical immunotoxicity mechanism, and further promoting the paradigm shift in the immunotoxicity test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingnan Han
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China
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Yong SB, Gau SY, Guo YC, Wei JCC. Allergy from perspective of environmental pollution effects: from an aspect of atopic dermatitis, immune system, and atmospheric hazards-a narrative review of current evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57091-57101. [PMID: 35759095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become more diversified in recent years as technologies for urbanization is increasingly more advanced. Several environmental factors such as air and water pollutants have been linked to allergic symptoms. For instance, because of industrialization for city development in many countries, polluted soil or tiny particles in the air could result in an even more hazardous environment for people to reside. Aside from the aspects of environmental issues, other newly emerging factors such as the electromagnetic field (EMF) also require further investigation. Here, in this narrative review, we focused on allergens from atmospheric and water pollution, hygiene improvement, changes in food trend, and residential environmental pollution. Current evidences regarding the association between various pollutants and the potential clinical diseases could be induced. For people with high skin exposure to air pollutants such as PM 2.5, PM 10, or sulfur dioxide, potential onset of dermatological allergic events should be alerted. The mechanisms involved in allergic diseases are being discussed and summarized. Interactions between immunological mechanisms and clinical implications could potentially provide clearer view to the association between allergic status and pollutants. Moreover, understanding the mechanistic role of allergens can raise awareness to global environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Boon Yong
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, Lin-Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Yan Gau
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Guo
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Parny M, Coste A, Aubouy A, Rahabi M, Prat M, Pipy B, Treilhou M. Differential immunomodulatory effects of six pesticides of different chemical classes on human monocyte-derived macrophage functions. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112992. [PMID: 35395341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides through eyes, skin, ingestion and inhalation may affects human health by interfering with immune cells, such as macrophages. We evaluated, in vitro, the effect of six pesticides widely used in apple arboriculture on the functions of human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs). hMDMs were cultured for 4 or 24 h with or without pesticides (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 μmol.L-1). We showed that chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate, boscalid, and captan had little toxic effect at the tested concentrations, while dithianon had low-cytotoxicity at 10 μmol.L-1. While boscalid showed no effect on hMDMs function, thiophanate (0.01 μmol.L-1) stimulated with TPA and thiacloprid (1, 10 μmol.L-1) stimulated with zymosan activated ROS production. Chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan inhibited ROS production and TNF-α, IL-1β pro-inflammatory cytokines. We established that dithianon (0.01-1 μmol.L-1) and captan (0.1, 1 μmol.L-1) induced mRNA expression of NQO1 and HMOX1 antioxidant enzymes. Dithianon also induced the mRNA expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase-2 at 10 μmol.L-1. Together, these results show that exposure to chlorpyrifos, dithianon, and captan induce immunomodulatory effects that may influence the disease fighting properties of monocytes/macrophages while pesticides such as thiacloprid, thiophanate and boscalid have little influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Parny
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France; PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Coste
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Agnès Aubouy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Mouna Rahabi
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Melissa Prat
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Bernard Pipy
- PHARMADEV UMR 152, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
| | - Michel Treilhou
- EA7417, BTSB, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INU Champollion, Albi, France.
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de Maria Serra F, Parizi JLS, Odorizzi GASDM, Sato GMRH, Patrão IB, Chagas PHN, de Azevedo Mello F, Nai GA. Subchronic exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide causes dysplasia in the digestive tract of Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:61477-61496. [PMID: 34173954 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most widely used herbicide for treatment of crops in the world. The digestive tract is one of the first systems exposed to pesticides, and damage to this system can affect the general health of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subchronic inhalation and oral exposure to GBH on the digestive tract in rats. Six groups of Wistar rats (male and female) were exposed to nebulization with three concentrations of GBH [3.71 × 10-3 grams of active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i./ha), 6.19 × 10-3 g.a.i./ha and 9.28 × 10-3 g.a.i./ha] administered orally or by inhalation for 75 days. Bone marrow cells, smears of the tongue and fragments of the tongue, oesophagus, stomach and intestine were collected for histopathological analysis. Congestion, inflammation, an increase in the number of mast cells and nucleoli-organizing regions were detected in the tongue in the groups exposed to GBH. Females had a higher number of mast cells in the tongue than males. Animals in the groups exposed to higher concentrations of GBH showed dysplasia in the oesophagus and small and large intestine regardless of sex. Gastric changes were not observed. Animals exposed to GBH showed increased micronucleus formation. Our data indicate that GBH causes oral allergies and dysplastic lesions in the oesophagus and small and large intestine and has genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Maria Serra
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Grace Mitiko Rosati Hori Sato
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bocardi Patrão
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Nahas Chagas
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola de Azevedo Mello
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Medicine of Presidente Prudente (FAMEPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Faculty of Dentistry of Presidente Prudente (FOPP), Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rua José Bongiovani, 700, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil.
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Viriato C, França FM, Santos DS, Marcantonio AS, Badaró-Pedroso C, Ferreira CM. Evaluation of the potential teratogenic and toxic effect of the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) in bullfrog embryos and tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:129018. [PMID: 33250224 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential teratogenic and toxic effect of the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) on bullfrog embryos and tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus). We used the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay Xenopus) assay for embryos, and for tadpoles, we used acute (96 h) and chronic (49 days) toxicity tests and evaluated aspects of healthiness, hematology, and histopathology. The LC50-144h (Median Lethal Concentration), EC50-144h (Median Effective Concentration), MCIG (Minimum Concentration to Inhibit Growth) and TI (Teratogenic Index) for embryos were 792 mg/L, 593 mg/L, 150 mg/L of 2,4-D (DMA) and 1.34, respectively. For tadpoles, the LC50-96h was 700 mg/L of 2,4-D (DMA) and chronic test indicated an inflammatory process and erythrocytosis (with possible polycythemia), with consequent reduction of the spleen. This demonstrates physiological stress probably due to dehydration, which can be proven by the gill tufts widening intercellular space and gill tuft fusions. We also found injuries to the kidneys and skin of the animals even in the lowest concentration tested. Our results indicated that this pesticide is minimally teratogenic and has a low toxicity on L. catesbeianus embryos and tadpoles, but it can inhibit embryo growth in concentrations lower than those tested in this study. We hypothesized that the herbicide 2,4-D (DMA® 806) may be a respiratory allergen for L. catesbeianus tadpoles and recommend precautionary measures for prolonged exposure of aquatic organisms to this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viriato
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Menezes França
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Sales Santos
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sacioto Marcantonio
- APTA Regional - APTA - SAA, 1920 Professor Manoel César Ribeiro Ave., 12411-010, Pindamonhangaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Badaró-Pedroso
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maris Ferreira
- Fisheries Institute - APTA - SAA, 455 Francisco Matarazzo Ave., 05001-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Parizi JLS, de Mello Odorizzi GAS, Sato GMRH, Patrão IB, Nai GA. Oral mucosa changes associated with chronic oral and inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4-D) in Wistar rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:746-757. [PMID: 33447360 PMCID: PMC7786168 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract and the oral mucosa are the first areas contaminated by pesticides. The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used pesticide across the world for both crops and gardens. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral mucosal damage after an experimental simulation of chronic oral and inhalational environmental exposure to 2,4-D formulation. Eighty male Wistar rats were exposed to three distinct concentrations of 2,4-D formulation (low-187.17 mg/m3; medium-313.31 mg/m3; and high-467.93 mg/m3). Oral exposure (through contaminated feed) or inhalation exposure lasted 6 months. Rat tongues were collected for cyto- and histopathology. There was a difference between exposure groups in the intensity of tissue congestion. Most rats exposed to 2,4-D presented mucosal inflammation at both cytology and histology (P < 0.05). Hyperkeratosis only occurred in rats exposed orally at the high concentration. There was an increase in the number of nucleoli-organizing regions in the dorsal epithelium as the 2,4-D concentration increased (P < 0.001). The inhalation route was more associated with increased mitosis figures and nucleoli-organizing region count (P < 0.05). Chronic oral and inhalation exposure to high concentrations of 2,4-D formulation caused an increase in the proliferation rate and thickness of the tongue epithelium and stimulated the inflammatory response in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabela Bocardi Patrão
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
- Dental College, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19050-680, Brazil
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Parizi JLS, Tolardo AJ, Lisboa ACG, Barravieira B, de Azevedo Mello F, Rossi RC, Nai GA. Evaluation of buccal damage associated with acute inhalation exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in mice. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:244. [PMID: 32664986 PMCID: PMC7362426 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The herbicide dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used crop spraying products in the world. Some pesticides induce the degranulation of mast cells and increase allergic responses. This is the first study to evaluate the damage to the oral mucosa after an experimental simulation of environmental inhalation exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide. The aim of this study was evaluate the possible oral damage caused by acute inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-D. RESULTS There was a difference between the exposure concentrations in relation to tissue congestion intensity (p = 0.002) and mast cell counts (p = 0.002), a difference in the evaluation of the interaction between the exposure concentrations and nebulization time in the dorsum epithelium thickness (p = 0.013), and a significant correlation between the epithelial thickness and the number of nucleoli organizing regions on the dorsum of the tongue (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS Even after acute exposure, the herbicide 2,4-D had the potential to damage the oral epithelium, especially at higher doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Santos Parizi
- Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Jodas Tolardo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Gomes Lisboa
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barravieira
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fabíola de Azevedo Mello
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Renata Calciolari Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program on Environment and Regional Development, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Anatomia Patológica e Citopatologia, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rua José Bongiovani, 700, SP, 19050-680, Presidente Prudente, Brasil.
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Andualem Z, Azene ZN, Azanaw J, Taddese AA, Dagne H. Acute respiratory symptoms and its associated factors among mothers who have under five-years-old children in northwest, Ethiopia. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:20. [PMID: 32539699 PMCID: PMC7296770 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor air quality of the household is likely to be the largest public health concern in resource-constrained countries. Exposure to household air pollution, poor working environment, and fuel type used at household level have been associated with respiratory symptoms. This study aimed to assess acute respiratory symptoms and its associated factors among mothers who have under five-years-old children in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 15, 2019 to June 20, 2019. Study participants were selected using simple random sampling, and data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of explanatory and outcome variables. Variables with p < 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcome variable. Results The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among mothers of under-five years-old children in this study was 46.1%. Education (vocational training compared to cannot read and write) (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) = 0.26 at 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08–0.82), working in dusty environment (AOR = 2.90 at 95% CI: 1.39–6.08), wood fire use (AOR = 0.37 at 95% CI: 0.16–0.85), living in mud- and wood-walled houses (AOR = 0.53 at CI: 0.32–0.89), recent house painting (AOR = 1.95 at 95% CI: 1.03–3.69), new carpet (AOR = 2.02 at 95% CI: 1.08–3.77), pesticide use (AOR = 1.71 at 95% CI: 1.03–2.84), damp stain (AOR = 2.45 at 95% CI: 1.04–5.75), spending longer time in house for 6 to 11 h (AOR = 2.59 at 95% CI: 1.53–4.37) and 11 to 15 h (AOR = 3.47 at 95% CI: 1.87–6.43), and living less than 100 m from unpaved roads/streets (AOR = 4.35 at 95% CI: 2.64–7.18) were significantly associated with respiratory symptoms among mothers of under-five years-old children. Conclusion Respiratory symptoms were common among mothers who have under five-years-old children. Air quality improvement, fuel selection, and residential planning will help to reduce respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewudu Andualem
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zelalem Nigussie Azene
- Department of Women's and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Jember Azanaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Asefa Adimasu Taddese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Dagne
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Shaffo FC, Grodzki AC, Fryer AD, Lein PJ. Mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticide toxicity in the context of airway hyperreactivity and asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L485-L501. [PMID: 29952220 PMCID: PMC6230874 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00211.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have identified an association between occupational exposures to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and asthma or asthmatic symptoms in adults. Emerging epidemiologic data suggest that environmentally relevant levels of OPs may also be linked to respiratory dysfunction in the general population and that in utero and/or early life exposures to environmental OPs may increase risk for childhood asthma. In support of a causal link between OPs and asthma, experimental evidence demonstrates that occupationally and environmentally relevant OP exposures induce bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity in preclinical models. Mechanistic studies have identified blockade of autoinhibitory M2 muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves that innervate airway smooth muscle as one mechanism by which OPs induce airway hyperreactivity, but significant questions remain regarding the mechanism(s) by which OPs cause neuronal M2 receptor dysfunction and, more generally, how OPs cause persistent asthma, especially after developmental exposures. The goals of this review are to 1) summarize current understanding of OPs in asthma; 2) discuss mechanisms of OP neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity that warrant consideration in the context of OP-induced airway hyperreactivity and asthma, specifically, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neural plasticity, and neurogenic inflammation; and 3) identify critical data gaps that need to be addressed in order to better protect adults and children against the harmful respiratory effects of low-level OP exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C Shaffo
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Ana Cristina Grodzki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California , Davis, California
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Hoppin JA, Umbach DM, Long S, London SJ, Henneberger PK, Blair A, Alavanja M, Freeman LEB, Sandler DP. Pesticides are Associated with Allergic and Non-Allergic Wheeze among Male Farmers. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:535-543. [PMID: 27384423 PMCID: PMC5381985 DOI: 10.1289/ehp315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that pesticide use may contribute to respiratory symptoms. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association of currently used pesticides with allergic and non-allergic wheeze among male farmers. METHODS Using the 2005-2010 interview data of the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of farmers in North Carolina and Iowa, we evaluated the association between allergic and non-allergic wheeze and self-reported use of 78 specific pesticides, reported by ≥ 1% of the 22,134 men interviewed. We used polytomous regression models adjusted for age, BMI, state, smoking, and current asthma, as well as for days applying pesticides and days driving diesel tractors. We defined allergic wheeze as reporting both wheeze and doctor-diagnosed hay fever (n = 1,310, 6%) and non-allergic wheeze as reporting wheeze but not hay fever (n = 3,939, 18%); men without wheeze were the referent. RESULTS In models evaluating current use of specific pesticides, 19 pesticides were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with allergic wheeze (18 positive, 1 negative) and 21 pesticides with non-allergic wheeze (19 positive, 2 negative); 11 pesticides were associated with both. Seven pesticides (herbicides: 2,4-D and simazine; insecticides: carbaryl, dimethoate, disulfoton, and zeta-cypermethrin; and fungicide pyraclostrobin) had significantly different associations for allergic and non-allergic wheeze. In exposure-response models with up to five exposure categories, we saw evidence of an exposure-response relationship for several pesticides including the commonly used herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate, the insecticides permethrin and carbaryl, and the rodenticide warfarin. CONCLUSIONS These results for farmers implicate several pesticides that are commonly used in agricultural and residential settings with adverse respiratory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane A. Hoppin
- Department of Biological Sciences, and
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to J.A. Hoppin, Department of Biological Sciences, Toxicology Building 1104L, Box 7633, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Telephone: 919-515-2918. E-mail:
| | - David M. Umbach
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J. London
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul K. Henneberger
- Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Aaron Blair
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Nishino R, Fukuyama T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Koasaka T, Harada T. Detection of respiratory allergies caused by environmental chemical allergen via measures of hyper-activation and degranulation of mast cells in lungs of NC/Nga mice. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:676-85. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1154904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuko Watanabe
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nishino R, Fukuyama T, Watanabe Y, Kurosawa Y, Kosaka T, Harada T. Significant upregulation of cytokine secretion from T helper type 9 and 17 cells in a NC/Nga mouse model of ambient chemical exposure-induced respiratory allergy. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 80:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9448-9458. [PMID: 26988364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host's health. In the literature, carbamate (CM) pesticides have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response, such as hypersensitivity reactions, some autoimmune diseases and cancers. CMs may initiate, facilitate, or exacerbate pathological immune processes, resulting in immunotoxicity by induction of mutations in genes coding for immunoregulatory factors and modifying immune tolerance. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and inhibition of esterases activities have been introduced as the main mechanisms of CMs-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between CM pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases is criticized. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the relationship between immunotoxicity and cancer, and the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
- Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
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Aroonvilairat S, Kespichayawattana W, Sornprachum T, Chaisuriya P, Siwadune T, Ratanabanangkoon K. Effect of pesticide exposure on immunological, hematological and biochemical parameters in thai orchid farmers- a cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:5846-61. [PMID: 26024358 PMCID: PMC4483675 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120605846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have found that many Thai orchid farmers used excessive amounts of pesticides without proper protective gear, but no toxicological study has been made. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the immunological, hematological and biochemical statuses of these farmers. Sixty four orchid farmers and 60 controls were studied. Plasma cholinesterase activity, the percentage and absolute number of B lymphocytes (CD19+) were significantly lower in the farmers group (3966.32±1165.48 U/L, 11.61±4.09% and 312.26±164.83 cells/mm3, respectively) as compared to those of controls (5048.85±1139.40 U/L, 14.32±4.23%, 420.34±195.18 cells/mm3, respectively). There was a statistically significant higher level of serum IgE among the orchid farmers (0.031±0.011 mg/dL vs. 0.018±0.007 mg/dL) but not IgG, IgA and IgM, levels. Serum lysozyme level, lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens, hematological parameters and kidney function test, were not significantly different between the two groups. The liver function profiles showed significantly lower levels of albumin and serum protein in the farmer group. Thus frequent pesticide exposure resulted in subtle changes of some biological parameters. These changes, though may not be clinically significant, strongly indicated that caution in handing pesticides by these farmers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Aroonvilairat
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), and Laboratory of Immunology, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Wannapa Kespichayawattana
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), and Laboratory of Immunology, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Thiwaree Sornprachum
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), and Laboratory of Immunology, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Papada Chaisuriya
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), and Laboratory of Immunology, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Taweeratana Siwadune
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Kavi Ratanabanangkoon
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), and Laboratory of Immunology, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Kampangpetch 6 Road, Lak-si, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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Linabery AM, Prizment AE, Anderson KE, Cerhan JR, Poynter JN, Ross JA. Allergic diseases and risk of hematopoietic malignancies in a cohort of postmenopausal women: a report from the Iowa Women's Health Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1903-12. [PMID: 24962839 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic diseases signify immune dysregulation attributable to underlying genetics and environmental exposures. Associations between various allergies and hematopoietic cancers have been observed, albeit inconsistently; however, few prospective studies have examined the risk, and even fewer among older adults. METHODS We examined risk of incident hematopoietic cancers in those reporting allergic diseases in a population-based cohort of 22,601 older women (Iowa Women's Health Study). Self-reported allergic status, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and/or other allergies, was determined via questionnaire in 1997 (mean age, 72 years; range, 63-81 years). Incident cancers were ascertained by linkage with the Iowa Cancer Registry from 1997 to 2011. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to estimate multivariate-adjusted HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for myeloid (N = 177) and lymphoid (N = 437) malignancies, respectively. RESULTS Allergic diseases were not associated with risk of myeloid (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.72-1.37) or lymphoid (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81-1.22) malignancies overall, or for most allergic and malignant subtypes examined. Self-reported asthma was positively associated with development of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.93-4.32). In addition, there was a 30% to 40% decrease in risk of both lymphoid and myeloid cancers in those reporting rural residences but no association in those reporting urban residences; the interaction between residence and allergy was statistically significant for lymphoid malignancies (Pinteraction = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT These results suggest that asthma may contribute to the pathogenesis of MDS, a finding consistent with the chronic antigen stimulation hypothesis. Susceptibility differences by location of residence are concordant with the hygiene hypothesis and merit additional exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Linabery
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Anna E Prizment
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kristin E Anderson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jenny N Poynter
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Julie A Ross
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Badawi HM, Förner W. Analysis of the molecular structure and vibrational spectra of the indole based analgesic drug indomethacin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 123:447-454. [PMID: 24418690 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The stability of the syn and anti structures of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin were investigated by the DFT-B3LYP and ab initio MP2 calculations with the 6-311G(**) basis set. The molecule was predicted at the DFT and MP2 levels of calculation to have the syn (C1N7C10C18 ∼40°) form being about 1.7 and 1.5kcal/mol, respectively lower in energy than the anti (C1N7C10C18 ∼140°) structure. The calculated CNCC torsional angles for the chlorobenzene and indole rings syn-anti conformational interconversion was in a good qualitative agreement with the reported X-ray angles (C1N7C10C18 ∼29 and 155°) for the syn and anti conformers, respectively). Indomethacin was estimated from the calculated Gibb's free energies to have an equilibrium mixture of 95% syn and 5% anti structures at 298.15K. The vibrational wavenumbers were computed at the B3LYP level of theory and complete vibrational assignments were provided on the basis of theoretical and normal coordinate calculations combined with experimental infrared and Raman data of the molecule. The analysis of the observed spectra supports the presence of indomethacin in only one conformation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M Badawi
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wolfgang Förner
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the association between residential pesticide application and acute and chronic respiratory symptoms in children, focusing on the location of the pesticide application in and around the home and the type of pesticide applicator (professional vs nonprofessional). METHODS We used 1999 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey results to investigate this association in children younger than 18 years (N = 14,065). RESULTS Overall, pesticide use in the home was not associated with wheezing (odds ratio [OR], 1.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91 to 1.47). Nevertheless, pesticide use in the kitchen or dining rooms was significantly associated with increased odds of wheezing (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.78) and dry cough (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.06) after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that residential use of pesticides and the location of pesticide application are associated with increased respiratory complaints in children.
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Manfo FPT, Moundipa PF, Déchaud H, Tchana AN, Nantia EA, Zabot MT, Pugeat M. Effect of agropesticides use on male reproductive function: a study on farmers in Djutitsa (Cameroon). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2012; 27:423-432. [PMID: 22707221 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the effect of agropesticides on male reproductive function in farmers in Djutitsa (West Cameroon). To this end, 47 farmers in Djutitsa were asked questions on their health status and pesticide use in agriculture. Thereafter, their blood samples were collected for assessment of sex hormones including serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), androstenedione, testosterone, as well as sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Their serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were also measured. Thirty seven men not exposed to agropesticides were recruited as control group. Fifty six pesticides containing 25 active substances were currently used by farmers enrolled in our study, and most of their symptoms were related to spread/use of these chemicals. Compared to the control group, there was no significant difference in FSH, LH, SHBG, estradiol, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) levels. Farmers had significantly lower serum testosterone (20.93 ± 1.03 nM vs. 24.32 ± 1.32 nM; P < 0.05) and higher androstenedione level (3.83 ± 0.20 nM vs. 2.80 ± 0.15 nM; P < 0.001). Their serum free testosterone as well as bioavailable testosterone were unchanged, while estradiol/testosterone and androstenedione/testosterone ratios were significantly increased (0.45 ± 0.03% vs. 0.33 ± 0.02%; P < 0.01 and 12.26 ± 3.64 vs 19.31 ± 6.82; P < 0.001, respectively). Our results suggest that male farmers of Djutitsa (West Cameroon) are exposed to agropesticides due to improper protective tool, and this exposure may impair their reproductive function through inhibition of testosterone synthesis; probably by inhibition of testicular 17β- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD3) and induction of aromatase (CYP19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustin Pascal Tsagué Manfo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Novoselova EG, Parfenuyk SB, Glushkova OV, Khrenov MO, Novoselova TV, Lunin SM, Fesenko EE. Effects of several inhibitors of intracellular signaling on production of cytokines and signal proteins in RAW 264.7 cells cultivated with low dose ammonium. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912030177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Salimon J, Salih N, Yousif E. Industrial development and applications of plant oils and their biobased oleochemicals. ARAB J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several clinical and epidemiological studies have reported an association between exposure to pesticides, bronchial hyper-reactivity and asthma symptoms. This article reviews the mechanistic evidence lending support to the concept that either acute or chronic low-level inhalation of pesticides may trigger asthma attacks, exacerbate asthma or increase the risk of developing asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Pesticide aerosols or gases, like other respiratory irritants, can lead to asthma through interaction with functional irritant receptors in the airway and promoting neurogenic inflammation. Cross-talk between airway nerves and inflammatory cells helps to maintain chronic inflammation that eventually damages the bronchial epithelium. Certain organophosphorus insecticides cause airway hyper-reactivity via a common mechanism of disrupting negative feedback control of cholinergic regulation in the lungs. These pesticides may interact synergistically with allergen sensitization rendering individuals more susceptible for developing asthma. SUMMARY Many pesticides are sensitizers or irritants capable of directly damaging the bronchial mucosa, thus making the airway very sensitive to allergens or other stimuli. However, most pesticides are weakly immunogenic so that their potential to sensitize airways in exposed populations is limited. Pesticides may increase the risk of developing asthma, exacerbate a previous asthmatic condition or even trigger asthma attacks by increasing bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
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Fukuyama T, Tajima Y, Ueda H, Hayashi K, Kosaka T. Prior exposure to immunosuppressive organophosphorus or organochlorine compounds aggravates the TH1- and TH2-type allergy caused by topical sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride. J Immunotoxicol 2011; 8:170-82. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.566231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Prior exposure to organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides increases the allergic potential of environmental chemical allergens in a local lymph node assay. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:347-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kooijman R, Devos S, Hooghe-Peters E. Inhibition of in vitro cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with xenobiotics: Implications for the prediction of general toxicity and immunotoxicity. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:1782-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 10:400-6. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e32833d232e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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DFT versus Møller–Plesset conformational profile and vibrational assignments of non-planar phenoxyacetic acid and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxyacetic acid. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Anderson SE, Umbright C, Sellamuthu R, Fluharty K, Kashon M, Franko J, Jackson LG, Johnson VJ, Joseph P. Irritancy and allergic responses induced by topical application of ortho-phthalaldehyde. Toxicol Sci 2010; 115:435-43. [PMID: 20176622 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been suggested as an alternative to glutaraldehyde for the sterilization and disinfection of hospital equipment, the toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the irritancy and sensitization potential of OPA. The EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test was used to evaluate in vitro irritancy potential of OPA and glutaraldehyde. Treatment with 0.4125 and 0.55% OPA induced irritation, while glutaraldehyde exposure at these concentrations did not. Consistent with the in vitro results, OPA induced irritancy, evaluated by ear swelling, when mice were treated with 0.75%. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.75%. A concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with a calculated EC3 value of 0.051% compared to that of 0.089%, previously determined for glutaraldehyde. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-inducing potential was evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node (DLN) cells and measurement of total and specific serum IgE levels. The 0.1 and 0.75% exposed groups yielded significant increases in the IgE+B220+ cell population in the lymph nodes while the 0.75% treated group demonstrated significant increases in total IgE, OPA-specific IgE, and OPA-specific IgG(1). In addition, significant increases in interleukin-4 messenger RNA and protein expression in the DLNs were observed in OPA-treated groups. The results demonstrate the dermal irritancy and allergic potential of OPA and raise concern about the proposed/intended use of OPA as a safe alternative to glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Anderson
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA
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