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Stjernbrandt A. Colloidal silver ingestion and severe anemia - A case report. Toxicol Rep 2023; 11:270-272. [PMID: 37767535 PMCID: PMC10520504 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colloidal silver ingestion as an alternative medicine treatment is becoming more common. This case report describes a patient with potential silver poisoning and severe anemia. Case description A woman in her late sixties was transported to the emergency department because of progressive fatigue and nausea. She had been drinking 150 µg of colloidal silver daily for two to three weeks. Blood sampling revealed severe anemia (red blood cell count 48 g/L) and a whole-blood silver concentration of 20 µg/L. Liver function tests were abnormal and there were signs of incipient heart failure with increased pro-brain natriuretic peptide, troponin T, as well as pleural effusion. She was stabilized with blood transfusion and symptomatic treatment, to be discharged from the hospital after ten days. The patient improved over the following six weeks and the whole-blood silver concentration decreased to 3.3 µg/L after about three months. Conclusions The case demonstrates the potential effects of silver intake on the hematopoietic, hepatic, and cardiovascular systems. This highlights the possible risks associated with emerging alternative medicine therapies.
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Rodriguez-Garraus A, Alonso-Jauregui M, Gil AG, Navarro-Blasco I, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A. Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of a Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Kaolin: An In Vivo Integrative Approach. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:3. [PMID: 36615913 PMCID: PMC9824684 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new material composed of a kaolin base with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attached to its surface was developed, as an alternative to antibiotics used as supplements in animal feed. As part of its safety assessment, an in vivo geno-toxicological evaluation of this material was conducted in rats. First, a preliminary dose finding study was carried out to decide the doses to be tested in the main study: 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. For the main study, a combined strategy composed of the MN test (TG 474) and the comet assay (TG 489), integrated in a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study (TG 407), was performed. A No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 2000 mg of the silver-kaolin formulation/kg b.w. by oral route, for 28 days, was determined. The silver-kaolin formulation did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow, or DNA strand breaks (SBs) or alkali labile sites (ALS) in liver, spleen, kidney or duodenum at any dose. The modified Fpg comet assay did not reveal oxidized bases in the same tissues at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Silver was quantified by ICP-MS in all the target organs, confirming the negative results obtained under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Alonso-Jauregui
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana-Gloria Gil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Navarro-Blasco
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Negrescu AM, Killian MS, Raghu SNV, Schmuki P, Mazare A, Cimpean A. Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Review of Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Effects. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040274. [PMID: 36547533 PMCID: PMC9780975 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the progress made in the field of nanotechnology has allowed researchers to develop and synthesize nanosized materials with unique physicochemical characteristics, suitable for various biomedical applications. Amongst these nanomaterials, metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) have gained increasing interest due to their excellent properties, which to a great extent differ from their bulk counterpart. However, despite such positive advantages, a substantial body of literature reports on their cytotoxic effects, which are directly correlated to the nanoparticles' physicochemical properties, therefore, better control over the synthetic parameters will not only lead to favorable surface characteristics but may also increase biocompatibility and consequently lower cytotoxicity. Taking into consideration the enormous biomedical potential of MONPs, the present review will discuss the most recent developments in this field referring mainly to synthesis methods, physical and chemical characterization and biological effects, including the pro-regenerative and antitumor potentials as well as antibacterial activity. Moreover, the last section of the review will tackle the pressing issue of the toxic effects of MONPs on various tissues/organs and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Mariana Negrescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela S. Killian
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Swathi N. V. Raghu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Chemistry and Structure of Novel Materials, University of Siegen, Paul-Bonatz-Str. 9-11, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Patrik Schmuki
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Listopadu 50A, 772 07 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anca Mazare
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR), National University Corporation Tohoku University (TU), Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Anisoara Cimpean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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A weight of evidence review of the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 136:105263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Landsiedel R, Honarvar N, Seiffert SB, Oesch B, Oesch F. Genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1833. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Free University of Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Naveed Honarvar
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Barbara Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
| | - Franz Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
- Institute of Toxicology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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Pedersen JE, Hansen J. Employment and risk of female breast cancer in Denmark. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:343-356. [PMID: 35267219 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposures may play a role in breast cancer etiology, and research focusing on identifying high-risk workplaces is important to advance the understanding and prevention of breast cancer. METHODS We undertook a population-based nested case-control study among women who were less than 70 years of age and born in Denmark, based on registry data including 38,375 breast cancer cases and 191,875 controls matched on year of birth, with information on lifetime work history. Odds ratios for women ever employed in a job branch were adjusted for socioeconomic status and reproductive variables. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios of less than 0.75 were observed for several occupations in agriculture, hunting, forestry, and fishing, while increased risk patterns (odds ratios greater than 1.50) were noted for a number of production occupations, including employment in graphics and printing, and metal and machinery production. In services, several military professions were also associated with a high increased breast cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The study shows a variation in the risk of female breast cancer by employment in different industrial and occupational sectors, and suggests that certain occupational exposures, for example, outdoor work, organic solvents, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and night-shift work may play a role in the risk of breast cancer. Further hypothesis-testing studies focusing on these employments with a detailed assessment of specific occupational exposures are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Pedersen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center Danish Cancer Society Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Johnni Hansen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center Danish Cancer Society Copenhagen Denmark
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Veeragoni D, Deshpande S, Rachamalla HK, Ande A, Misra S, Mutheneni SR. In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer and Genotoxicity Profiles of Green Synthesized and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2324-2339. [PMID: 35426672 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized (Ag-PTs) employing the crude extract of Padina tetrastromatica, a marine alga, and their anticancer and safety profile were compared with those of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by in vitro and in vivo models. Ag-PT exhibited potent cytotoxicity against B16-F10 (IC50 = 3.29), MCF-7 (IC50 = 4.36), HEPG2 (IC50 =3.89), and HeLa (IC50 = 4.97) cancer cell lines, whereas they exhibited lower toxicity on normal CHO-K1 cells (IC50 = 5.16). The potent anticancer activity of Ag-PTs on cancer cells is due to the liberation of ions from the nanoparticles. Increased ion internalization to the cells promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and ultimately leads to cell death. The in vitro anticancer results and in vivo melanoma tumor regression study showed significant inhibition of melanoma tumor growth due to Ag-PT treatment. Ag-PT is involved in the upregulation of the p53 protein and downregulation of Sox-2 along with the Ki-67 protein. The antitumor effects of Ag-PTs may be due to the additional release of ions at a lower pH of the tumor microenvironment than that of the normal tissue. The results of safety investigations of Ag-PT by studying mitotic chromosome aberrations (CAs), micronucleus (MN) induction, and mitotic index (MI) demonstrated Ag-PT to be less genotoxic compared to Ag-NP. The bioefficacy and toxicology outcomes together demonstrated that the green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-PTs) could be explored to develop a biocompatible, therapeutic agent and a vehicle of drug delivery for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepkumar Veeragoni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shruti Deshpande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hari Krishnareddy Rachamalla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Arundha Ande
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sunil Misra
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Mutheneni
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector-19, Kamala Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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GSK-3β suppression upregulates Gli1 to alleviate osteogenesis inhibition in titanium nanoparticle-induced osteolysis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:148. [PMID: 35305665 PMCID: PMC8934501 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis (PPO) have become a major reason of joint arthroplasty failure and secondary surgery following joint arthroplasty and thus pose a severe threat to global public health. Therefore, determining how to effectively suppress particle-induced PPO has become an urgent problem. The pathological mechanism involved in the PPO signaling cascade is still unclear. Recently, the interaction between osteogenic inhibition and wear particles at the implant biological interface, which has received increasing attention, has been revealed as an important factor in pathological process. Additionally, Hedgehog (Hh)-Gli1 is a crucial signaling cascade which was regulated by multiple factors in numerous physiological and pathological process. It was revealed to exert a crucial part during embryonic bone development and metabolism. However, whether Hh-Gli1 is involved in wear particle-induced osteogenic inhibition in PPO remains unknown. Our present study explored the mechanism by which the Hh-Gli1 signaling cascade regulates titanium (Ti) nanoparticle-induced osteolysis. We found that Hh-Gli1 signaling was dramatically downregulated upon Ti particle treatment. Mechanistically, glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activation was significantly increased in Ti particle-induced osteogenic inhibition via changes in GSK-3β phosphorylation level and was found to participate in the posttranslational modification and degradation of the key transcription factor Gli1, thus decreasing the accumulation of Gli1 and its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Collectively, these findings suggest that the Hh-Gli1 signaling cascade utilizes a GSK3β-mediated mechanism and may serve as a rational new therapeutic target against nanoparticle-induced PPO.
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Shi J, Han S, Zhang J, Liu Y, Chen Z, Jia G. Advances in genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in vivo and in vitro. NANOIMPACT 2022; 25:100377. [PMID: 35559883 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are currently one of the most widely used nanomaterials. Due to an increasing scope of applications, the exposure of humans to TiO2 NP is inevitable, such as entering the body through the mouth with food additives or drugs, invading the damaged skin with cosmetics, and entering the body through the respiratory tract during the process of production and handling. Compared with TiO2 coarse particles, TiO2 NPs have stronger conductivity, reaction activity, photocatalysis, and permeability, which may lead to greater toxicity to organisms. Given that TiO2 was classified as a category 2B carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic to humans), the genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs has become the focus of attention. There have been a series of previous studies investigating the potential genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs, but the existing research results are still controversial and difficult to conclude. More than half of studies have shown that TiO2 NPs can cause genotoxicity, suggesting that TiO2 NPs are likely to be genotoxic to humans. And the genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs is closely related to the exposure concentration, mode and time, and experimental cells/animals as well as its physicochemical properties (crystal type, size, and shape). This review summarized the latest research progress of related genotoxic effects through in vivo studies and in vitro cell tests, hoping to provide ideas for the evaluation of TiO2 NPs genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
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Genotoxicity Assessment of Metal-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Drug Delivery. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216551. [PMID: 34772074 PMCID: PMC8585152 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposites as drug delivery systems (e.g., metal nanoparticles) are being exploited for several applications in the biomedical field, from therapeutics to diagnostics. Green nanocomposites stand for nanoparticles of biocompatible, biodegradable and non-toxic profiles. When using metal nanoparticles for drug delivery, the question of how hazardous these "virus-sized particles" can be is posed, due to their nanometer size range with enhanced reactivity compared to their respective bulk counterparts. These structures exhibit a high risk of being internalized by cells and interacting with the genetic material, with the possibility of inducing DNA damage. The Comet Assay, or Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE), stands out for its capacity to detect DNA strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. It has huge potential in the genotoxicity assessment of nanoparticles and respective cells' interactions. In this review, the Comet assay is described, discussing several examples of its application in the genotoxicity evaluation of nanoparticles commonly administered in a set of routes (oral, skin, inhaled, ocular and parenteral administration). In the nanoparticles boom era, where guidelines for their evaluation are still very limited, it is urgent to ensure their safety, alongside their quality and efficacy. Comet assay or SCGE can be considered an essential tool and a reliable source to achieve a better nanotoxicology assessment of metal nanoparticles used in drug delivery.
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Ćurlin M, Barbir R, Dabelić S, Ljubojević M, Goessler W, Micek V, Žuntar I, Pavić M, Božičević L, Pavičić I, Vinković Vrček I. Sex affects the response of Wistar rats to polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles in an oral 28 days repeated dose toxicity study. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:38. [PMID: 34663357 PMCID: PMC8522010 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in biomedicine due to their strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. Concerns about their possible negative impacts on human and environmental health directed many researchers towards the assessment of the safety and toxicity of AgNPs in both in vitro and in vivo settings. A growing body of scientific information confirms that the biodistribution of AgNPs and their toxic effects vary depending on the particle size, coating, and dose as well as on the route of administration and duration of exposure. This study aimed to clarify the sex-related differences in the outcomes of oral 28 days repeated dose exposure to AgNPs. METHODS Wistar rats of both sexes were gavaged daily using low doses (0.1 and 1 mg Ag/kg b.w.) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated small-sized (10 nm) AgNPs. After exposure, blood and organs of all rats were analysed through biodistribution and accumulation of Ag, whereas the state of the liver and kidneys was evaluated by the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), expression of metallothionein (Mt) genes and levels of Mt proteins. RESULTS In all animals, changes in oxidative stress markers and blood parameters were observed indicating the toxicity of AgNPs applied orally even at low doses. Sex-related differences were noticed in all assessed parameters. While female rats eliminated AgNPs from the liver and kidneys more efficiently than males when treated with low doses, the opposite was observed for animals treated with higher doses of AgNPs. Female Wistar rats exposed to 1 mg PVP-coated AgNPs/kg b.w. accumulated two to three times more silver in the blood, liver, kidney and hearth than males, while the accumulation in most organs of digestive tract was more than ten times higher compared to males. Oxidative stress responses in the organs of males, except the liver of males treated with high doses, were less intense than in the organs of females. However, both Mt genes and Mt protein expression were significantly reduced after treatment in the liver and kidneys of males, while they remained unchanged in females. CONCLUSIONS Observed toxicity effects of AgNPs in Wistar rats revealed sex-related differences in response to an oral 28 days repeated exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ćurlin
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Rinea Barbir
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Dabelić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ljubojević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Walter Goessler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/1, 8 010, Graz, Austria
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Žuntar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Ante Kovačića 1, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirela Pavić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Božičević
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Vinković Vrček
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Grzesiakowska A, Kasprowicz MJ, Kuchta-Gładysz M, Rymuza K, Szeleszczuk O. Genotoxicity of physical silver nanoparticles, produced by the HVAD method, for Chinchilla lanigera genome. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18473. [PMID: 34531461 PMCID: PMC8446028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, growing demand for silver nanoparticles (AgNP) contributes to the search for alternative methods of their production. Stable AgNP with antibacterial properties, low toxicity to the environment and living organisms are especially valued. In the study presented here, an attempt was made to assess the toxicity of two AgNP solutions produced using the HVAD method to the Chinchilla lanigera genome. The AgNO3 solution was the indicator and reference for the harmfulness of AgNP. The study was carried out in vitro on bone marrow cells isolated from Chinchilla lanigera bones. The genotoxicity was assessed by comet assay, following the treatment of cells with three silver solutions: unstable and sodium citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, as well as silver nitrate at three concentrations (5, 10 and 20 µg/L), after 3, 6 and 24 h. Based on the percentage of the DNA content in the comet tail and the tail moment, an increase in cell DNA integrity disruption was demonstrated in all tested variants: of solution, exposure time and concentration, compared to the control sample. A statistically significant correlation was determined between the level of induced DNA breaks and the concentration of the active solutions and the duration of their activity. A solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized with sodium citrate was shown to have the most harmful effect on bone marrow cells. Silver nitrate demonstrated a level of toxicity similar to these particles. Further studies are necessary to directly compare the genotoxic properties of AgNP produced using the HVAD method and the chemical method under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grzesiakowska
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Jan Kasprowicz
- Department of Soil Science and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 21, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Kuchta-Gładysz
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Rymuza
- Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. B. Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Olga Szeleszczuk
- Department of Animals Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza Av. 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
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13
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Castañeda-Yslas IY, Torres-Bugarín O, García-Ramos JC, Toledano-Magaña Y, Radilla-Chávez P, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Ruiz-Ruiz B, Arellano-García ME. AgNPs Argovit™ Modulates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Genotoxicity on Peripheral Blood Erythrocytes In Vivo. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2096. [PMID: 34443926 PMCID: PMC8399516 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been studied worldwide for their potential biomedical applications. Specifically, they are proposed as a novel alternative for cancer treatment. However, the determination of their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects continues to limit their application. The commercially available silver nanoparticle Argovit™ has shown antineoplastic, antiviral, antibacterial, and tissue regenerative properties, activities triggered by its capacity to promote the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, in this work, we evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of the Argovit™ formulation (average size: 35 nm) on BALB/c mice using the micronucleus in a peripheral blood erythrocytes model. Besides, we evaluated the capability of AgNPs to modulate the genotoxic effect induced by cyclophosphamide (CP) after the administration of the oncologic agent. To achieve this, 5-6-week-old male mice with a mean weight of 20.11 ± 2.38 g were treated with water as negative control (Group 1), an single intraperitoneal dose of CP (50 mg/kg of body weight, Group 2), a daily oral dose of AgNPs (6 mg/kg of weight, Group 3) for three consecutive days, or a combination of these treatment schemes: one day of CP doses (50 mg/kg of body weight) followed by three doses of AgNPs (one dose per day, Group 4) and three alternate doses of CP and AgNPs (six days of exposure, Group 5). Blood samples were taken just before the first administration (0 h) and every 24 h for seven days. Our results show that Argovit™ AgNPs induced no significant cytotoxic or acute genotoxic damage. The observed cumulative genotoxic damage in this model could be caused by the accumulation of AgNPs due to administered consecutive doses. Furthermore, the administration of AgNPs after 24 h of CP seems to have a protective effect on bone marrow and reduces by up to 50% the acute genotoxic damage induced by CP. However, this protection is not enough to counteract several doses of CP. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the exceptional chemoprotective capacity produced by a non-cytotoxic silver nanoparticle formulation against CP genotoxic damage has been reported. These findings raise the possibility of using AgNPs as an adjuvant agent with current treatments, reducing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalia Yazmin Castañeda-Yslas
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias e Ingeniería (MyDCI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Olivia Torres-Bugarín
- Departamento de Ciclo de Vida y Medicina Interna II, Decanato Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Carlos García-Ramos
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Valle Dorado, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Baja California, Mexico; (Y.T.-M.); (P.R.-C.)
| | - Yanis Toledano-Magaña
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Valle Dorado, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Baja California, Mexico; (Y.T.-M.); (P.R.-C.)
| | - Patricia Radilla-Chávez
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Valle Dorado, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Baja California, Mexico; (Y.T.-M.); (P.R.-C.)
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico;
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia;
| | - Balam Ruiz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Regional Los Mochis, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Los Mochis 81223, Sinaloa, Mexico;
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Wani MR, Shadab GGHA. Antioxidant thymoquinone and eugenol alleviate TiO 2 nanoparticle-induced toxicity in human blood cells in vitro. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:619-629. [PMID: 34219618 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2021.1949083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are used extensively in a variety of commercial, industrial, and medical products, due to which human exposure is inevitable. This study aimed to explore the potential of eugenol and thymoquinone (TQ), two well-known antioxidants, in counteracting the NP-induced toxicity in human blood cells in vitro. Fresh lymphocytes and erythrocytes were isolated from volunteer human blood donors and incubated with 50 μg/mL of TiO2 NPs in the presence and absence of 50 μM of TQ and 20 μg/mL of eugenol for 3 h. Results showed that NP-treatment-induced hemolysis, oxidative stress, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and reduced ATPase activity in the erythrocytes. In the lymphocytes treated with NPs alone (50 μg/mL), cytotoxicity in MTT assay and DNA damage in comet assay were observed; in addition, mitochondrial membrane potential collapsed and ADP/ATP ratio increased indicating mitochondrial function impairment. However, in the presence of antioxidants, all these NP-induced changes were mitigated significantly. The results were more significant when both antioxidants eugenol and TQ were given together. Thus, it seems that antioxidants eugenol and TQ can be used as a protective agent against TiO2 NP-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Department of Zoology, Section of Genetics, Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Vardakas P, Skaperda Z, Tekos F, Trompeta AF, Tsatsakis A, Charitidis CA, Kouretas D. An integrated approach for assessing the in vitro and in vivo redox-related effects of nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111083. [PMID: 33775680 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, nanotechnology has risen to the forefront of both the research and industrial interest, resulting in the manufacture and utilization of various nanomaterials, as well as in their integration into a wide range of fields. However, the consequent elevated exposure to such materials raises serious concerns regarding their effects on human health and safety. Existing scientific data indicate that the induction of oxidative stress, through the excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), might be the principal mechanism of exerting their toxicity. Meanwhile, a number of nanomaterials exhibit antioxidant properties, either intrinsic or resulting from their functionalization with conventional antioxidants. Considering that their redox properties are implicated in the manifestation of their biological effects, we propose an integrated approach for the assessment of the redox-related activities of nanomaterials at three biological levels (in vitro-cell free systems, cell cultures, in vivo). Towards this direction, a battery of translational biomarkers is recommended, and a series of reliable protocols are presented in detail. The aim of the present approach is to acquire a better understanding with respect to the biological actions of nanomaterials in the interrelated fields of Redox Biology and Toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis Vardakas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zoi Skaperda
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Fotios Tekos
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aikaterini-Flora Trompeta
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zografos, 157 80, Athens, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology Science and Research, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantinos A Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Heroon Polytechniou St. Zografos, 157 80, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry-Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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Wani MR, Maheshwari N, Shadab G. Eugenol attenuates TiO 2 nanoparticles-induced oxidative damage, biochemical toxicity and DNA damage in Wistar rats: an in vivo study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22664-22678. [PMID: 33420693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are widely used in food, edible dyes, and other commercial products. Human exposure to TiO2 NPs has raised concerns regarding their toxic potential. Various studies have evaluated the TiO2 NPs-induced toxicity, oxidative damage to the cellular components, and genotoxicity. In the present study, we examined whether co-treatment with the dietary antioxidant eugenol can attenuate or protect against TiO2 NPs-induced toxicity. We exposed the adult male Wistar rats to TiO2 NPs (150 mg/kg body weight) by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) either alone or as co-treatment with eugenol (1-10 mg/kg body weight) once a day for 14 days. The untreated rats were supplied saline and served as control. Titanium (Ti) accumulation in various tissues was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum levels of liver and kidney biomarkers and oxidative stress markers in the liver, kidney, and spleen were determined. A significant increase in hydrogen peroxide level confirmed that oxidative stress occurred in these tissues. TiO2 NPs induced oxidation of lipids, and decreased glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activity in the kidney, liver, and spleen of treated rats. TiO2 NPs also increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and total cholesterol and decreased the blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, and total bilirubin in serum, which indicates oxidative damage to the liver and kidney. In eugenol and TiO2 NPs co-treated rats, all these changes were mitigated. Single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) of lymphocytes showed longer comet tail length in TiO2 NPs-treated groups, indicating DNA damage while tail length was reduced in eugenol and TiO2 NPs co-treated groups. Thus, it seems that eugenol can be used as a chemoprotective agent against TiO2 NPs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafiq Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Nikhil Maheshwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Ghulam Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
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17
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Younes M, Aquilina G, Castle L, Engel K, Fowler P, Frutos Fernandez MJ, Fürst P, Gundert‐Remy U, Gürtler R, Husøy T, Manco M, Mennes W, Moldeus P, Passamonti S, Shah R, Waalkens‐Berendsen I, Wölfle D, Corsini E, Cubadda F, De Groot D, FitzGerald R, Gunnare S, Gutleb AC, Mast J, Mortensen A, Oomen A, Piersma A, Plichta V, Ulbrich B, Van Loveren H, Benford D, Bignami M, Bolognesi C, Crebelli R, Dusinska M, Marcon F, Nielsen E, Schlatter J, Vleminckx C, Barmaz S, Carfí M, Civitella C, Giarola A, Rincon AM, Serafimova R, Smeraldi C, Tarazona J, Tard A, Wright M. Safety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06585. [PMID: 33976718 PMCID: PMC8101360 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present opinion deals with an updated safety assessment of the food additive titanium dioxide (E 171) based on new relevant scientific evidence considered by the Panel to be reliable, including data obtained with TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and data from an extended one-generation reproductive toxicity (EOGRT) study. Less than 50% of constituent particles by number in E 171 have a minimum external dimension < 100 nm. In addition, the Panel noted that constituent particles < 30 nm amounted to less than 1% of particles by number. The Panel therefore considered that studies with TiO2 NPs < 30 nm were of limited relevance to the safety assessment of E 171. The Panel concluded that although gastrointestinal absorption of TiO2 particles is low, they may accumulate in the body. Studies on general and organ toxicity did not indicate adverse effects with either E 171 up to a dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day or with TiO2 NPs (> 30 nm) up to the highest dose tested of 100 mg/kg bw per day. No effects on reproductive and developmental toxicity were observed up to a dose of 1,000 mg E 171/kg bw per day, the highest dose tested in the EOGRT study. However, observations of potential immunotoxicity and inflammation with E 171 and potential neurotoxicity with TiO2 NPs, together with the potential induction of aberrant crypt foci with E 171, may indicate adverse effects. With respect to genotoxicity, the Panel concluded that TiO2 particles have the potential to induce DNA strand breaks and chromosomal damage, but not gene mutations. No clear correlation was observed between the physico-chemical properties of TiO2 particles and the outcome of either in vitro or in vivo genotoxicity assays. A concern for genotoxicity of TiO2 particles that may be present in E 171 could therefore not be ruled out. Several modes of action for the genotoxicity may operate in parallel and the relative contributions of different molecular mechanisms elicited by TiO2 particles are not known. There was uncertainty as to whether a threshold mode of action could be assumed. In addition, a cut-off value for TiO2 particle size with respect to genotoxicity could not be identified. No appropriately designed study was available to investigate the potential carcinogenic effects of TiO2 NPs. Based on all the evidence available, a concern for genotoxicity could not be ruled out, and given the many uncertainties, the Panel concluded that E 171 can no longer be considered as safe when used as a food additive.
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Grasso A, Ferrante M, Arena G, Salemi R, Zuccarello P, Fiore M, Copat C. Chemical Characterization and Quantification of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) and Dissolved Ag in Seafood by Single Particle ICP-MS: Assessment of Dietary Exposure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084076. [PMID: 33924319 PMCID: PMC8069337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a first insight on the chemical characterization and quantification of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and dissolved Ag in processed canned seafood products, where food-grade edible silver (E174) is not intentionally added nor is the nanoparticle contained in the food contact material. The aim was to evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of AgNPs and to contribute to the assessment of AgNPs and ionic Ag human dietary intake from processed seafood. It is known how seafood, and in particular pelagic fish, is a precious nutritional source of unsaturated fatty acids, protein, and different micronutrients. Nevertheless, it may cause possible health problems due to the intake of toxic compounds coming from environmental pollution. Among emerging contaminants, AgNPs are widely applied in several fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceutical, food industry, health care, drug-gene delivery, environmental study, water treatments, and many others, although its primary application is in accordance with its antimicrobial property. As a consequence, AgNPs are discharged into the aquatic environment, where the colloidal stability of these NPs is altered by chemical and physical environmental parameters. Its toxicity was demonstrated in in-vitro and in-vivo studies, although some findings are controversial because toxicity depends by several factors such as size, concentration, chemical composition, surface charge, Ag+ ions released, and hydrophobicity. The new emerging technique called single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) was applied, which allows the determination of nanoparticle number-based concentration and size distribution, as well as the dissolved element. Our findings highlighted comparable mean sizes across all species analysed, although AgNPs concentrations partly follow a trophic level-dependent trend. The low mean size detected could be of human health concern, since, smaller is the diameter higher is the toxicity. Dietary intake from a meal calculated for adults and children seems to be very low. Although seafood consumption represents only a small part of the human total diet, our findings represent a first important step to understand the AgNPs dietary exposure of the human population. Further studies are needed to characterize and quantify AgNPs in a large number of food items, both processing and not, and where AgNPs are added at the industrial level. They will provide a realistic exposure assessment, useful to understand if AgNPs toxicity levels observed in literature are close to those estimable through food consumption and implement data useful for risk assessors in developing AgNPs provisional tolerable daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfina Grasso
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (P.Z.); (M.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (P.Z.); (M.F.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Rossella Salemi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 83, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Pietro Zuccarello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (P.Z.); (M.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (P.Z.); (M.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy; (A.G.); (P.Z.); (M.F.); (C.C.)
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Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Kaushik A, Sonne C, Kim KH, Kumar S. Emerging nanobiotechnology in agriculture for the management of pesticide residues. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123369. [PMID: 32763682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of pesticides is often necessary for meeting commercial requirements for crop quality and yield. However, incessant global pesticide use poses potential risks to human and ecosystem health. This situation increases the urgency of developing nano-biotechnology-assisted pesticide formulations that have high efficacy and low risk of side effects. The risks associated with both conventional and nanopesticides are summarized in this review. Moreover, the management of residual pesticides is still a global challenge. The contamination of soil and water resources with pesticides has adverse impact over agricultural productivity and food security; ultimately posing threats to living organisms. Pesticide residues in the eco-system may be treated via several biological and physicochemical processes, such as microbe-based degradation and advanced oxidation processes. With these issues in mind, we present a review that explores both existing and emerging techniques for management of pesticide residues and environmental risks. These techniques can offer a sustainable solution to revitalize the tarnished water/soil resources. Further, state-of-the-art research approaches to investigate biotechnological alternatives to conventional pesticides are discussed along with future prospects and mitigation techniques are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Nehra
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Natural Sciences, Division of Sciences, Arts & Mathematics, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
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20
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Wongkamhaeng K, Wang J, Banas JA, Dawson DV, Holloway JA, Haes AJ, Denry I. Antimicrobial efficacy of platinum-doped silver nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3393-3401. [PMID: 32618123 PMCID: PMC7719576 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been proposed to combat oral infection due to their efficient ionic silver (Ag+ ) release. However, concentrations required for antimicrobial efficacy may not be therapeutically viable. In this work, platinum-doped silver nanoparticles (Pt-AgNPs) were explored to evaluate their potential for enhanced Ag+ release, which could lead to enhanced antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli. AgNPs doped with 0.5, 1, and 2 mol% platinum (Pt0.5 -AgNPs, Pt1 -AgNPs, and Pt2 -AgNPs) were synthesized by a chemical reduction method. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mixed morphologies of spherical, oval, and ribbon-like nanostructures. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering revealed that the surface of Pt-AgNPs was covered with up to 93% Pt. The amount of Ag+ released increased 16.3-fold for Pt2 -AgNPs, compared to AgNPs. The initial lag phase in bacterial growth curve was prolonged for Pt-AgNPs. This is consistent with a Ag+ release profile that exhibited an initial burst followed by sustained release. Doping AgNPs with platinum significantly increased the antimicrobial efficacy against all species. Pt2 -AgNPs exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations, followed by Pt1 -AgNPs, Pt0.5 -AgNPs, and AgNPs, respectively. Doping AgNPs with a small amount of platinum promoted the release of Ag+ , based on the sacrificial anodic effect, and subsequently enhanced their antimicrobial efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wongkamhaeng
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Junnan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeffrey A. Banas
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deborah V. Dawson
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Julie A. Holloway
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Isabelle Denry
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, Iowa
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21
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Demir E. A review on nanotoxicity and nanogenotoxicity of different shapes of nanomaterials. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:118-147. [PMID: 33111384 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) generally display fascinating physical and chemical properties that are not always present in bulk materials; therefore, any modification to their size, shape, or coating tends to cause significant changes in their chemical/physical and biological characteristics. The dramatic increase in efforts to use NMs renders the risk assessment of their toxicity highly crucial due to the possible health perils of this relatively uncharted territory. The different sizes and shapes of the nanoparticles are known to have an impact on organisms and an important place in clinical applications. The shape of nanoparticles, namely, whether they are rods, wires, or spheres, is a particularly critical parameter to affect cell uptake and site-specific drug delivery, representing a significant factor in determining the potency and magnitude of the effect. This review, therefore, intends to offer a picture of research into the toxicity of different shapes (nanorods, nanowires, and nanospheres) of NMs to in vitro and in vivo models, presenting an in-depth analysis of health risks associated with exposure to such nanostructures and benefits achieved by using certain model organisms in genotoxicity testing. Nanotoxicity experiments use various models and tests, such as cell cultures, cores, shells, and coating materials. This review article also attempts to raise awareness about practical applications of NMs in different shapes in biology, to evaluate their potential genotoxicity, and to suggest approaches to explain underlying mechanisms of their toxicity and genotoxicity depending on nanoparticle shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eşref Demir
- Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Medical Laboratory Techniques Programme, Antalya Bilim University, Dosemealti, Antalya, Turkey
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22
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Nayek S, De Silva IW, Aguilar R, Lund AK, Verbeck GF. Toxicological alterations induced by subacute exposure of silver nanoparticles in Wistar rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:972-986. [PMID: 33029829 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become crucial players in the field of medicine and various other industries. AgNPs have a wide array of applications, which includes production of electronic goods, cosmetics, synthesis of dyes, and printing inks, as well as targeted delivery of drugs to specialized cells inside the body. Even though humans readily come in contact with these particles, the organ-specific accumulation and resulting mechanisms of toxicity induced by inhaled AgNPs are still under investigation. The goal of this study was to determine the organ distribution of inhaled AgNPs and investigate the resulting systemic toxicity. To do this, male Wistar rats were exposed by inhalation to AgNPs for 4 hr/day (200 parts per billion/day) for five consecutive days. The nanoparticles were generated using a laser ablation technique using a soft-landing ion mobility (SLIM) instrument. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis showed organ-specific accumulation of the nanoparticles, with the highest concentration present in the lungs, followed by the liver and kidneys. Nanoparticle distribution was characterized in the organs using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI-MS) imaging. Bone marrow cytotoxicity assay of the cells from the femur of rats showed micronuclei formation and signs of cellular cytotoxicity. Moreover, rats displayed increased levels of circulating lactate and glutathione disulphide (GSSG), as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Collectively, our observations suggest that inhaled subacute exposure to AgNP results in accumulation of AgNPs in the lungs, liver, and kidneys, preferentially, as well as mediates induced systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Imesha W De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Roberto Aguilar
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Guido F Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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González-Larraza PG, López-Goerne TM, Padilla-Godínez FJ, González-López MA, Hamdan-Partida A, Gómez E. IC 50 Evaluation of Platinum Nanocatalysts for Cancer Treatment in Fibroblast, HeLa, and DU-145 Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25381-25389. [PMID: 33043218 PMCID: PMC7542800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality today. Recent advances in catalytic nanomedicine have offered new cancer therapies based on the administration of nanoparticles (NPs) of platinum (Pt) dispersed in catalytic mesoporous nanomaterials (titania, TiO2) with highly selective cytotoxic properties and no adverse effects. A half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) study was carried out in cancerous cell lines (HeLa, DU-145, and fibroblasts) to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different nanomaterials [Pt/TiO2, TiO2, and Pt(acac)2] synthesized by the sol-gel method at concentrations 0-1000 μg/mL. The assays showed that IC50 values for Pt in functionalized TiO2 (NPt) in HeLa (53.74 ± 2.95 μg/mL) and DU-145 (75.07 ± 5.48 μg/mL) were lower than those of pure TiO2 (74.29 ± 8.95 and 82.02 ± 6.03 μg/mL, respectively). Pt(acac)2 exhibited no cytotoxicity. Normal cells (fibroblasts) treated with NPt exhibited no significant growth inhibition, suggesting the high selectivity of the compound for cancerous cells only. TiO2 and NPt were identified as antineoplastic compounds in vitro. Pt(acac)2 is not recommendable because of the low cytotoxicity observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela G. González-Larraza
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan
University Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Tessy M. López-Goerne
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan
University Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Padilla-Godínez
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan
University Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Western Institute of Technology and Higher Education, San Pedro Tlaquepaque, Jalisco 45604, Mexico
| | - Marco A. González-López
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan
University Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Aida Hamdan-Partida
- Department of Health Care, Autonomous Metropolitan
University Xochimilco, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Esteban Gómez
- AG Nanooptik, Humboldt-Universtät zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Kribi-Boukhris SE, Boughattas I, Zitouni N, Helaoui S, Sappin-Didier V, Coriou C, Bussiere S, Banni M. Ecotoxicity of trace elements to chicken GALLUS gallus domesticus exposed to a gradient of polymetallic-polluted sites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114831. [PMID: 32474340 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mining activity may cause heavy metal accumulation, which threatens human and animal health by their long-term persistence in the environment. This study aims to assess the impact of polymetallic pollution on chicken (Gallus domesticus) from old lead mining sites in northeast of Tunisia: Jebel Ressas (JR). Samples of soil and chickens were collected from five sites being ranked along a gradient of heavy metal contamination. Heavy metal loads were evaluated in soil samples and in chicken liver and kidney. Biochemical evaluation of oxidative stress parameters termed as Catalase (CAT), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), and Malondialdehydes (MDA) accumulation was monitored. Metallothionein protein level was assessed as a specific response to heavy metals. DNA alteration was achieved using MNi frequency in the investigated tissues. Finally, the evaluation of gene expression levels of CAT, GST, mt1, mt4, P53, bcl2, caspase3 and DNA-ligase was performed. Our data showed the highest loads of Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb in tissues of animals from site 3, being more pronounced in kidney. Biochemical data suggested a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes activities in all sites respect to control except in site 3 were CAT and GST were inhibited. DNA alteration was observed in all tissues being very pronounced in animals from site 3. Overall, transcriptomic data showed that genes involved in apoptosis were up-regulated in animals exposed to the most contaminated soils. Our data suggest that chicken and selected biomarkers offer a suitable model for biomonitoring assessment of heavy metals transfer through the food web in mining sites. Finally, the obtained results of heavy metals accumulation and related alterations should be carefully considered in view of the controversial relationship between distribution and toxicology of contaminants in exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh El Kribi-Boukhris
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, 4040, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott-Mariem, Tunisia; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, 4040, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott-Mariem, Tunisia.
| | - Nesrine Zitouni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, 4040, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott-Mariem, Tunisia
| | - Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, 4040, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott-Mariem, Tunisia
| | | | - Cécile Coriou
- UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Sylvie Bussiere
- UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, 4040, Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott-Mariem, Tunisia
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25
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Wang N, Fuh JYH, Dheen ST, Senthil Kumar A. Functions and applications of metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles in orthopedic implants and scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:160-179. [PMID: 32776481 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects and diseases are devastating, and can lead to severe functional deficits or even permanent disability. Nevertheless, orthopedic implants and scaffolds can facilitate the growth of incipient bone and help us to treat bone defects and diseases. Currently, a wide range of biomaterials with distinct biocompatibility, biodegradability, porosity, and mechanical strength is used in bone-related research. However, most orthopedic implants and scaffolds have certain limitations and diverse complications, such as limited corrosion resistance, low cell proliferation, and bacterial adhesion. With recent advancements in materials science and nanotechnology, metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles have become the subject of significant interest as they offer an ample variety of options to resolve the existing problems in the orthopedic industry. More importantly, these nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical and mechanical properties not found in conventional materials, and can be incorporated into orthopedic implants and scaffolds to enhance their antimicrobial ability, bioactive molecular delivery, mechanical strength, osteointegration, and cell labeling and imaging. However, many metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles can also be toxic to nearby cells and tissues. This review article will discuss the applications and functions of metallic and metallic oxide nanoparticles in orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyou Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Ying Hsi Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Thameem Dheen
- Department of Anatomy, 4 Medical Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Senthil Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, 9 Engineering Drive, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Lai Y, Dong L, Zhou H, Yan B, Chen Y, Cai Y, Liu J. Coexposed nanoparticulate Ag alleviates the acute toxicity induced by ionic Ag +in vivo. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138050. [PMID: 32217391 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Health concerns of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) emerged with the increase of their industrial and biomedical application and thus human exposure. The highly dynamic properties of AgNPs lead to coexposure to nanoparticulate and ionic silver, and the combined effects of different Ag species might alter their individual toxicity. Herein, the toxicity of AgNPs combined with ionic Ag+ toward the rat was investigated after intravenous (i.v.) exposure to either AgNPs (5 mg/kg), Ag+ (5 mg/kg), or a mixture of Ag+ and AgNPs (5 mg/kg for both). Comparable results by histopathological and biochemical studies revealed that the exposure to individual AgNPs causes no apparent toxicity in rats, while Ag+ ions at the same dose induced marked acute toxicity. More importantly, while there was a negligible combined effect on the Ag accumulation, the less toxic AgNPs ameliorated Ag+ induced toxicity to rat organs after coexposure to the mixture of Ag+ and AgNPs, which might result from the complexation of Ag+ with the thiols like metallothioneins. Therefore, the combined toxicity of particulate and ionic Ag was complicated by their individual toxicities and also their interaction with intracellular detoxification biomolecules, regardless of differences in Ag accumulation. Although further investigations are still needed for the potential toxic mechanisms of the coexposed AgNPs and Ag+, considerations of the combined toxicity of different Ag species will reflect more accurate assessments of their health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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27
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Kumar S, Hussain A, Bhushan B, Kaul G. Comparative toxicity assessment of nano- and bulk-phase titanium dioxide particles on the human mammary gland in vitro. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1475-1486. [PMID: 32495665 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120927448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a major concern that exposure to titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) can have degrading effects on human health as well as mammary gland because of the increased use in numerous sorts of nanotech-based health care and food merchandise. Also, there is a scarcity in NP toxicity studies on the mammary gland; therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare toxicity caused by nano- and bulk-phase TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland in vitro. In comparison to bulk-TiO2 particles, nano-TiO2 cause a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in viability and increased reactive oxygen species generation in the human mammary epithelial cells after a dose- (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 µg/mL) and time (6, 12, 24, and 48 h)-dependent exposure. Further, an increase in genotoxicity in the mammary epithelial cells was observed as percent tail DNA and comet area was increased significantly (p < 0.05) at 12 h of exposure (10 and 100 µg/mL) with nano-TiO2. The scanning electron microscopic examination showed that a 50 µg/mL dose of both nano-TiO2 and bulk-TiO2 particles cause morphological changes and retarded growth pattern of mammary epithelial cells at 12 h. Moreover, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in apoptosis at 10 µg/mL and necrosis at 50 µg/mL concentrations of nano-TiO2 in comparison to bulk-TiO2 was observed in mammary epithelial cells. Finally, we can conclude that the toxicity caused by nano-TiO2 particles on the human mammary gland cells was comparatively higher than the bulk-TiO2 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - A Hussain
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - B Bhushan
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - G Kaul
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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28
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Wang JL, Alasonati E, Tharaud M, Gelabert A, Fisicaro P, Benedetti MF. Flow and fate of silver nanoparticles in small French catchments under different land-uses: The first one-year study. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115722. [PMID: 32247257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on surface waters from three small creeks, within the Seine River watershed, which are characterized by different land-uses, namely forested, agricultural and urban. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in these waters were detected and quantified by single-particle ICPMS during one-year of monthly sampling. Their temporal and spatial variations were investigated. Ag-NPs, in the three types of surface water, were found to range from 1.5 × 107 to 2.3 × 109 particles L-1 and from 0.4 to 28.3 ng L-1 at number and mass concentrations, respectively. These values are in consistent with the very few previous studies. In addition, the role of factors driving process and potential sources are discussed with correlations between Ag-NPs concentrations and biogeochemical parameters, like dissolved organic carbon concentration and divalent cations concentrations. For the forested watershed NOM controls the stability (number and mass) of the Ag-NPs as recently observed in the field in lake water in Germany. In the case of the agricultural and urban watersheds major cations such as Ca would control the number and mass of Ag-NPs. Dilution processes are rejected as conductivity and Cl- ions do not show significant correlations with Ag-NPs or other major geochemical parameters. The specific exportation rates of Ag-NPs for artificial, agricultural and forested areas were calculated based on the monthly data for the full year and are equal to 5.5 ± 3.0, 0.5 ± 0.3 and 0.2 ± 0.2 gy-1km-2, respectively. These data suggest a constant release of Ag-NPs from consumer products into freshwaters in artificial areas, for instance, from textiles, washing machines, domestic tap-water filters, outdoor paints. These first data of Ag-NPs fluxes in surface waters of France enlarge the very limited database of field measurements. Moreover, for the first time, the influence of time, land-use and aquatic geochemistry parameters on Ag-NPs in real natural water samples is reported. It is also helpful to further understand the fate and the process of Ag-NPs in natural waters, as well as to the ecotoxicity studies in real-world environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lan Wang
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France; Department of Biomedical and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Enrica Alasonati
- Department of Biomedical and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Gelabert
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Department of Biomedical and Inorganic Chemistry, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), 1 rue Gaston Boissier, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Marc F Benedetti
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France.
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29
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Loeschner K, Jacobsen NR. Pulmonary toxicity of silver vapours, nanoparticles and fine dusts: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 115:104690. [PMID: 32474071 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver is used in a wide range of products, and during their production and use, humans may be exposed through inhalation. Therefore, it is critical to know the concentration levels at which adverse effects may occur. In rodents, inhalation of silver nanoparticles has resulted in increased silver in the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, kidney, spleen, ovaries, and testes. Reported excretion pathways of pulmonary silver are urinary and faecal excretion. Acute effects in humans of the inhalation of silver include lung failure that involved increased heart rate and decreased arterial blood oxygen pressure. Argyria-a blue-grey discoloration of skin due to deposited silver-was observed after pulmonary exposure in 3 individuals; however, the presence of silver in the discolorations was not tested. Argyria after inhalation seems to be less likely than after oral or dermal exposure. Repeated inhalation findings in rodents have shown effects on lung function, pulmonary inflammation, bile duct hyperplasia, and genotoxicity. In our evaluation, the range of NOAEC values was 0.11-0.75 mg/m3. Silver in the ionic form is likely more toxic than in the nanoparticle form but that difference could reflect their different biokinetics. However, silver nanoparticles and ions have a similar pattern of toxicity, probably reflecting that the effect of silver nanoparticles is primarily mediated by released ions. Concerning genotoxicity studies, we evaluated silver to be positive based on studies in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo when considering various exposure routes. Carcinogenicity data are absent; therefore, no conclusion can be provided on this endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Hadrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anoop K Sharma
- Division for Risk Assessment and Nutrition, Group for Chemical Risk Assessment and GMO, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Katrin Loeschner
- Division for Food Technology, Research Group for Nano-Bio Science, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nicklas R Jacobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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30
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Panyala A, Chinde S, Kumari SI, Rahman MF, Mahboob M, Kumar JM, Grover P. Comparative study of toxicological assessment of yttrium oxide nano- and microparticles in Wistar rats after 28 days of repeated oral administration. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:181-201. [PMID: 30753658 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their enormous advantages, nanoparticles (NPs) have elicited disquiet over their safety. Among the numerous NPs, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) NPs are utilised in many applications. However, knowledge about their toxicity is limited, and it is imperative to investigate their potential adverse effects. Therefore, this study explored the effect of 28 days of repeated oral exposure of Wistar rats to 30, 120 and 480 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day of Y2O3 NPs and microparticles (MPs). Before initiation of the study, characterisation of the particles by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and laser Doppler velocimetry was undertaken. Genotoxicity was evaluated using the comet and micronucleus (MN) assays. Biochemical markers aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum, liver and kidney were determined. Bioaccumulation of the particles was analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results of the comet and MN assays showed significant differences between the control and groups treated with 120 and 480 mg/kg bw/day Y2O3 NPs. Significant biochemical alterations were also observed at 120 and 480 mg/kg bw/day. Haematological and histopathological changes were documented. Yttrium (Y) biodistribution was detected in liver, kidney, blood, intestine, lungs, spleen, heart and brain in a dose- and the organ-dependent manner in both the particles. Further, the highest levels of Y were found in the liver and the lowest in the brain of the treated rats. More of the Y from NPs was excreted in the urine than in the faeces. Furthermore, NP-treated rats exhibited much higher absorption and tissue accumulation. These interpretations furnish rudimentary data of the apparent genotoxicity of NPs and MPs of Y2O3 as well as the biodistribution of Y. A no-observed adverse effect level of 30 mg/kg bw/day was found after oral exposure of rats to Y2O3 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Panyala
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Chinde
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Indu Kumari
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Fazlur Rahman
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammed Mahboob
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House Facility, CSIR - Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Paramjit Grover
- Toxicology Unit, Applied Biology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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31
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Steckiewicz KP, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I. Modified Nanoparticles as Potential Agents in Bone Diseases: Cancer and Implant-Related Complications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E658. [PMID: 32244745 PMCID: PMC7221902 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Materials sized 1-100 nm are the nanotechnology's field of interest. Because of the unique properties such as the ability to penetrate biological barriers and a high surface to volume ratio, nanoparticles (NPs) are a powerful tool to be used in medicine and industry. This review discusses the role of nanotechnology in bone-related issues: osteosarcoma (bone cancer), the biocompatibility of the implants and implant-related infections. In cancer therapy, NPs can be used as (I) cytotoxic agents, (II) drug delivery platforms and (III) in thermotherapy. In implant-related issues, NPs can be used as (I) antimicrobial agents and (II) adjuvants to increase the biocompatibility of implant surface. Properties of NPs depend on (I) the type of NPs, (II) their size, (III) shape, (IV) concentration, (V) incubation time, (VI) functionalization and (VII) capping agent type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iwona Inkielewicz-Stepniak
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
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32
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Micronucleus Assay: The State of Art, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041534. [PMID: 32102335 PMCID: PMC7073234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During almost 40 years of use, the micronucleus assay (MN) has become one of the most popular methods to assess genotoxicity of different chemical and physical factors, including ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. In this minireview, we focus on the position of MN among the other genotoxicity tests, its usefulness in different applications and visibility by international organizations, such as International Atomic Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Organization for Standardization. In addition, the mechanism of micronuclei formation is discussed. Finally, foreseen directions of the MN development are pointed, such as automation, buccal cells MN and chromothripsis phenomenon.
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33
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Suzuki T, Miura N, Hojo R, Yanagiba Y, Suda M, Hasegawa T, Miyagawa M, Wang RS. Genotoxicity assessment of titanium dioxide nanoparticle accumulation of 90 days in the liver of gpt delta transgenic mice. Genes Environ 2020; 42:7. [PMID: 32071618 PMCID: PMC7011542 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-020-0146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgound A variety of in vivo and in vitro studies to assess the genotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been reported, but the results are inconsistent. Recently, we reported that TiO2 NPs exhibit no genotoxic effects in the liver and erythrocytes during a relatively brief period following intravenous injection into mice. However, there is no information about long-term genotoxicity due to TiO2 NP accumulation in tissues. In this study, we investigated the long-term mutagenic effects of TiO2 NPs and the localization of residual TiO2 NPs in mouse liver after multiple intravenous injections. Results Male gpt delta C57BL/6 J mice were administered with various doses of TiO2 NPs weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. The long-term mutagenic effects on the liver were analyzed using gpt and Spi− mutation assays 90 days after the final injection. We also quantified the amount of titanium in the liver using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and observed the localization of TiO2 NPs in the liver using transmission electron microscopy. Although TiO2 NPs were found in the liver cells, the gpt and Spi− mutation frequencies in the liver were not significantly increased by the TiO2 NP administration. Conclusions These results clearly show that TiO2 NPs have no mutagenic effects on the liver, even though the particles remain in the liver long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Suzuki
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan.,2Present address: Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miura
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan.,3Present Address: Department of Health Science, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, 245-0066 Japan
| | - Rieko Hojo
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan
| | - Yukie Yanagiba
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan
| | - Megumi Suda
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hasegawa
- 4Division of Human Environmental Science, Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefectural Government, 5597-1 Kenmarubi, Kamiyoshida, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, 403-0005 Japan
| | - Muneyuki Miyagawa
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan.,5Present Address: Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0835 Japan
| | - Rui-Sheng Wang
- 1Division of Industrial Toxicology and Health Effects Research, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 6-21-1 Nagao, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8585 Japan
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Rodriguez-Garraus A, Azqueta A, Vettorazzi A, López de Cerain A. Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E251. [PMID: 32023837 PMCID: PMC7075128 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in diverse sectors such as medicine, food, cosmetics, household items, textiles and electronics. Given the extent of human exposure to AgNPs, information about the toxicological effects of such products is required to ensure their safety. For this reason, we performed a bibliographic review of the genotoxicity studies carried out with AgNPs over the last six years. A total of 43 articles that used well-established standard assays (i.e., in vitro mouse lymphoma assays, in vitro micronucleus tests, in vitro comet assays, in vivo micronucleus tests, in vivo chromosome aberration tests and in vivo comet assays), were selected. The results showed that AgNPs produce genotoxic effects at all DNA damage levels evaluated, in both in vitro and in vivo assays. However, a higher proportion of positive results was obtained in the in vitro studies. Some authors observed that coating and size had an effect on both in vitro and in vivo results. None of the studies included a complete battery of assays, as recommended by ICH and EFSA guidelines, and few of the authors followed OECD guidelines when performing assays. A complete genotoxicological characterization of AgNPs is required for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (A.V.); (A.L.d.C.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (A.V.); (A.L.d.C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ariane Vettorazzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (A.V.); (A.L.d.C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Adela López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.R.-G.); (A.V.); (A.L.d.C.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Yu S, Mu Y, Zhang X, Li J, Lee C, Wang H. Molecular mechanisms underlying titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2NP) induced autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:997-1008. [PMID: 31718501 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1688482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow is one of the target tissues for titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) following environmental exposure. At present, the consequences of TiO2NP exposure in bone are not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2NP on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and potential underlying mechanisms. Mesenchymal bone marrow-derived cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of TiO2NP. Results showed that TiO2NP incubation produced cytotoxicity as evidenced by reduced cell viability. Using Western blotting TiO2NP was found to increase autophagy as determined by elevation in ratio of LC3-II from LC3-I without evidence of necrotic cell death as estimated by lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level. TiO2NP produced a rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The observed alterations in autophagy and oxidant stress were associated with upregulation of protein expression of p38, JNK, and ERK. Data indicate that TiO2NP-mediated decrease in MSC survival involves a complex series of events associated stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and consequent autophagy and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbang Yu
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Yongping Mu
- Tumor Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Laboratory Centre, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, US
| | - Charles Lee
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Singapore
| | - He Wang
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Pulmonary and hepatic effects after low dose exposure to nanosilver: Early and long-lasting histological and ultrastructural alterations in rat. Toxicol Rep 2019; 6:1047-1060. [PMID: 31673507 PMCID: PMC6816130 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Low AgNPs dose caused in vivo toxic effects both at portal entry and distant organ. Lung and liver tissues were damaged in Nanosilver-instilled rat. Early and long-lasting histological and ultrastructural alterations were detected. Overall pulmonary injury was more striking compared to hepatic outcomes.
Although environmental airborne silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) levels in occupational and environmental settings are harmful to humans, the precise toxic effects at the portal entry of exposure and after translocation to distant organs are still to be deeply clarified. To this aim, the present study assessed histopathological and ultrastructural alterations (by means of H&E and TEM, respectively) in rat lung and liver, 7 and 28 days after a single intratracheal instillation (i.t) of a low AgNP dose (50 microg/rat), compared to those induced by an equivalent dose of ionic silver (7 microg AgNO3/rat). Lung parenchyma injury was observed acutely after either AgNPs or AgNO3, with the latter compound causing more pronounced effects. Specifically, alveolar collapse accompanied by inflammatory alterations and parenchymal fibrosis were revealed. These effects lasted until the 28th day, a partial pulmonary structure recovery occurred, nevertheless a persistence of slight inflammatory/fibrotic response and apoptotic phenomena were still detected after AgNPs and AgNO3, respectively. Concerning the liver, a diffuse hepatocyte injury was observed, characterized by cytoplasmic damage and dilation of sinusoids, engulfed by degraded material, paralleled by inflammation onset. These effects already detectable at day 7, persisting at the 28th day with some attenuations, were more marked after AgNO3 compared to AgNPs, with the latter able to induce a ductular reaction. Altogether the present findings indicate toxic effects induced by AgNPs both at the portal entry (i.e. lung) and distant tissue (i.e. liver), although the overall pulmonary damage were more striking compared to the hepatic outcomes.
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Redox interactions and genotoxicity of metal-based nanoparticles: A comprehensive review. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 312:108814. [PMID: 31509734 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing science that may provide several new applications for medicine, food preservation, diagnostic technologies, and sanitation. Despite its beneficial applications, there are several questions related to the safety of nanomaterials for human use. The development of nanotechnology is associated with some concerns because of the increased risk of carcinogenesis following exposure to nanomaterials. The increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are due to exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) are primarily responsible for the genotoxicity of metal NPs. Not all, but most metal NPs are able to directly produce free radicals through the release of metal ions and through interactions with water molecules. Furthermore, the increased production of free radicals and the cell death caused by metal NPs can stimulate reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, leading to the continuous endogenous production of ROS in a positive feedback loop. The overexpression of inflammatory mediators, such as NF-kB and STATs, the mitochondrial malfunction and the increased intracellular calcium levels mediate the chronic oxidative stress that occurs after exposure to metal NPs. In this paper, we review the genotoxicity of different types of metal NPs and the redox mechanisms that amplify the toxicity of these NPs.
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Fadoju O, Ogunsuyi O, Akanni O, Alabi O, Alimba C, Adaramoye O, Cambier S, Eswara S, Gutleb AC, Bakare A. Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity and oxidative stress parameters in male Swiss mice co-exposed to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 70:103204. [PMID: 31200344 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies have investigated the adverse toxic effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) or zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs. Information on the potential genotoxic effects of the interactions of TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs in vivo is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the cytogenotoxicity of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures using the bone marrow micronucleus assay, and mechanism of damage through the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters in the liver and kidney tissues of Swiss mice. Intraperitoneal administration of doses between 9.38 and 150.00 mg/kg of TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs or TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs was performed for 5 and 10 days, respectively. TiO2 NPs alone induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in micronucleated (Mn) polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) at the applied doses compared with the negative controls, with a significant difference between 5 and 10 days for TiO2 NPs alone and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs. Concurrently, TiO2 NPs alone for 5 days and TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs for 10 days significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the percentage PCE: normochromatic erythrocyte (NCE) indicating cytotoxicity; with a significant difference between the two periods. Significant (P < 0.001) changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in the liver and kidney of mice exposed to TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs alone or their mixtures. These results suggest that TiO2 NPs alone was genotoxic; TiO2 NPs and TiO2 NPs + ZnO NPs were noticeably cytotoxic while ZnO NPs was not cytogenotoxic. The individual NPs or their mixtures induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa Fadoju
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun Ogunsuyi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Akanni
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Okunola Alabi
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Chibuisi Alimba
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Adaramoye
- Drug metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sebastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Santhana Eswara
- Materials Research and Technology (MRT) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Arno C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adekunle Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Elespuru R, Pfuhler S, Aardema MJ, Chen T, Doak SH, Doherty A, Farabaugh CS, Kenny J, Manjanatha M, Mahadevan B, Moore MM, Ouédraogo G, Stankowski LF, Tanir JY. Genotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials: Recommendations on Best Practices, Assays, and Methods. Toxicol Sci 2019; 164:391-416. [PMID: 29701824 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) present unique challenges in safety evaluation. An international working group, the Genetic Toxicology Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute's Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, has addressed issues related to the genotoxicity assessment of NMs. A critical review of published data has been followed by recommendations on methods alterations and best practices for the standard genotoxicity assays: bacterial reverse mutation (Ames); in vitro mammalian assays for mutations, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus induction, or DNA strand breaks (comet); and in vivo assays for genetic damage (micronucleus, comet and transgenic mutation assays). The analysis found a great diversity of tests and systems used for in vitro assays; many did not meet criteria for a valid test, and/or did not use validated cells and methods in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guidelines, and so these results could not be interpreted. In vivo assays were less common but better performed. It was not possible to develop conclusions on test system agreement, NM activity, or mechanism of action. However, the limited responses observed for most NMs were consistent with indirect genotoxic effects, rather than direct interaction of NMs with DNA. We propose a revised genotoxicity test battery for NMs that includes in vitro mammalian cell mutagenicity and clastogenicity assessments; in vivo assessments would be added only if warranted by information on specific organ exposure or sequestration of NMs. The bacterial assays are generally uninformative for NMs due to limited particle uptake and possible lack of mechanistic relevance, and are thus omitted in our recommended test battery for NM assessment. Recommendations include NM characterization in the test medium, verification of uptake into target cells, and limited assay-specific methods alterations to avoid interference with uptake or endpoint analysis. These recommendations are summarized in a Roadmap guideline for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Elespuru
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, US Food and Drug Administration, CDRH/OSEL, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Stefan Pfuhler
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Centre, Mason, Ohio 45040
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Shareen H Doak
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ann Doherty
- Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca Genetic Toxicology, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | | | - Julia Kenny
- Genetic Toxicology & Photosafety, David Jack Centre for Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Ware, Hertfordshire SG12 0DP, UK
| | - Mugimane Manjanatha
- Division of Genetic and Molecular Toxicology, US Food and Drug Administration, NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079
| | - Brinda Mahadevan
- Global Pre-clinical Development Innovation & Development, Established Pharmaceuticals, Abbott, Mumbai 400072, India
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Y Tanir
- ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), Washington, District of Columbia 20005
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Kazimirova A, Baranokova M, Staruchova M, Drlickova M, Volkovova K, Dusinska M. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles tested for genotoxicity with the comet and micronucleus assays in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 843:57-65. [PMID: 31421740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The genotoxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in TK6 lymphoblastoid cells, lymphocytes from human volunteers, and bone marrow erythrocytes from rats exposed in vivo; and with the comet assay (detecting both strand breaks and oxidised purines) in human and rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). NPs were dispersed using three different methods giving different size distribution and stability. On average, TiO2 NPs caused no increase in micronuclei in TK6 cells, rat bone marrow erythrocytes or human lymphocytes (though lymphocytes from 3 out of 13 human subjects showed significant increases). PBMCs from rats treated in vivo with a single dose of NPs dispersed by a method with low agglomeration showed an increase in strand breaks after 1 day. TiO2 NPs dispersed in a stable, non-agglomerated state induced DNA strand breaks at 75 μg/cm2 after 4 h exposure of human PBMCs and at 15 μg/cm2 and 75 μg/cm2 after 24 h exposure, but no increase in DNA oxidation was seen. Overall, NPs in an agglomerated state did not cause DNA damage. However, at the individual level, significant increases in strand breaks were seen in PBMCs from most of the volunteers. Cells from one volunteer showed positive effects in all conditions and both tests, while cells from another volunteer appeared to be completely resitant to TiO2 NPs. The implication is that some individuals may be more sensitive than others to effects of this nanomaterial. Differences seen in results obtained with the micronucleus and the comet assay may be due to the mechanisms underlying the genotoxic effects of TiO2 NPs and the different endpoints represented by the two assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kazimirova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Magdalena Baranokova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Drlickova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbova 12, 833 03, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
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Gajski G, Žegura B, Ladeira C, Novak M, Sramkova M, Pourrut B, Del Bo' C, Milić M, Gutzkow KB, Costa S, Dusinska M, Brunborg G, Collins A. The comet assay in animal models: From bugs to whales - (Part 2 Vertebrates). MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:130-164. [PMID: 31416573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay has become one of the methods of choice for the evaluation and measurement of DNA damage. It is sensitive, quick to perform and relatively affordable for the evaluation of DNA damage and repair at the level of individual cells. The comet assay can be applied to virtually any cell type derived from different organs and tissues. Even though the comet assay is predominantly used on human cells, the application of the assay for the evaluation of DNA damage in yeast, plant and animal cells is also quite high, especially in terms of biomonitoring. The present extensive overview on the usage of the comet assay in animal models will cover both terrestrial and water environments. The first part of the review was focused on studies describing the comet assay applied in invertebrates. The second part of the review, (Part 2) will discuss the application of the comet assay in vertebrates covering cyclostomata, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals, in addition to chordates that are regarded as a transitional form towards vertebrates. Besides numerous vertebrate species, the assay is also performed on a range of cells, which includes blood, liver, kidney, brain, gill, bone marrow and sperm cells. These cells are readily used for the evaluation of a wide spectrum of genotoxic agents both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the use of vertebrate models and their role in environmental biomonitoring will also be discussed as well as the comparison of the use of the comet assay in vertebrate and human models in line with ethical principles. Although the comet assay in vertebrates is most commonly used in laboratory animals such as mice, rats and lately zebrafish, this paper will only briefly review its use regarding laboratory animal models and rather give special emphasis to the increasing usage of the assay in domestic and wildlife animals as well as in various ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação e Estudos em Saúde de Publica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matjaž Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Sramkova
- Biomedical Research Center, Cancer Research Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bertrand Pourrut
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Del Bo'
- DeFENS-Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Silver nanoparticles engineered by thermal co-reduction approach induces liver damage in Wistar rats: acute and sub-chronic toxicity analysis. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:125. [PMID: 30863704 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnology applications have increased tremendously in consumer products. However, it has been observed that these nanoparticles can cause a potential risk to the environment as well as human health. In the present manuscript, we have analyzed acute and sub-chronic toxicity of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by assessing the impact on Wistar rats. AgNPs were synthesized by a novel approach-thermal co-reduction-with spherical shape and a uniform size distribution of 60 nm. The estimated LD50 value was observed to be more than 2000 mg/kg bw in acute toxicity studies. Sub-chronic toxicity indicated impairment of liver and kidney enzymes and various hematological and biochemical parameters. Tissue distribution studies indicated the target organ for accumulation is liver after treatment with AgNP. Particle deposition and congestion was observed in major organs-though, and heart and pancreatic tissues were not affected even by the higher doses. On the basis of the observations of this study, it is concluded that up to 40 mg/kgbw is a safer dose of AgNPs (60 nm, engineered by thermal co-reduction approach) and further research will be required to validate the long-term accumulation in body. In addition, it can also be considered by policymakers for the safer use of AgNPs.
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Alaraby M, Romero S, Hernández A, Marcos R. Toxic and Genotoxic Effects of Silver Nanoparticles in Drosophila. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:277-285. [PMID: 30353950 DOI: 10.1002/em.22262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster was used here to determine the detrimental effects induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exposure. The main aim was to explore its interaction with the intestinal barrier and the genotoxic effects induced in hemocytes. The observed effects were compared with those obtained by silver nitrate, as an agent acting via the release of silver ions. Larvae were fed in food media containing both forms of silver. Results indicated that silver nitrate was more toxic than AgNPs when the viability "egg-to-adult" was determined. Depigmentation was observed in adults including those exposed to nontoxic concentrations, as indicative of exposure action. Interestingly, AgNPs were able to cross the intestinal barrier affecting hemocytes that show significant increases in the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Additionally, significant levels of genotoxic damage, as determined by the comet assay, were also induced. When the expression of different stress-response genes was determined, for both AgNPs and silver nitrate, significant upregulation of Sod2 and p53 genes was observed. Our results confirm for the first time that in an in vivo model as Drosophila, AgNPs are able to cross the intestinal barriers and produce primary DNA damage (comet assay) via oxidative stress induction. In general, the effects induced by silver nitrate were more pronounced than those induced by AgNPs what would emphasize the role of silver ions in the observed effects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:277-285, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaraby
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Sara Romero
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Tibau AV, Grube BD, Velez BJ, Vega VM, Mutter J. Titanium exposure and human health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/osi2.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita V. Tibau
- Center for Environmental and Toxicological ResearchUniversity of Puerto Rico Newport Beach California
| | - Blanche D. Grube
- Grube is the International Academy of Biological Dentistry & Medicine (IABDM) Scranton Pennsylvania
| | - Braulio J. Velez
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSchool of Medicine San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Victor M. Vega
- Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamon San Juan Puerto Rico
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Mkhinini M, Boughattas I, Alphonse V, Livet A, Bousserrhine N, Banni M. Effect of treated wastewater irrigation in East Central region of Tunisia (Monastir governorate) on the biochemical and transcriptomic response of earthworms Eisenia andrei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1245-1255. [PMID: 30180333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Treated wastewater (TWW) reuse for irrigation has become an excellent way to palliate water scarcity in Mediterranean arid regions. However, the toxicological effects of these effluents on the soil's organisms, especially earthworms, have not been well studied as yet. In this paper, earthworms Eisenia andrei were exposed for 7 days and 14 days to five agricultural soils irrigated with TWW for different periods: 1 year, 8 years, and 20 years. In addition, they were also exposed to soil from one reference site sampled from the Ouardenin perimeter in the Monastir Governorate in Tunisia. The effect on earthworms was assessed at the biochemical level by evaluating for catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE). On the other hand, genotoxicity and transcriptomic responses were evaluated using micronuclei test (MNT) and gene expression level of CAT and GST. Moreover, metals uptake by earthworms was analyzed. Results showed that CAT and GST activity in the earthworm increased significantly when they were exposed to soils irrigated with TWW for 1, 8 and 20 years. Furthermore, MDA concentration also increased significantly with the increase in exposure period. However, AChE activity decreased and MNi frequency increased in earthworms after 7 and 14 days of exposure to soils irrigated with TWW for more than a year. The gene expression level of CAT and GST showed a significant variability, thus data are discussed in relation to the studied biomarkers (CAT and GST). These data provide new insights into the effect of toxicity of TWW on the soil's macro fauna, which is strongly affected by the trace elements and other organic compounds accumulated in soils after 20 years of TWW irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia.
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia.
| | - Vanessa Alphonse
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Alexandre Livet
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Noureddine Bousserrhine
- Laboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil cedex, 94010, France.
| | - Mohammed Banni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott-Meriem, 4042, Tunisia
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Nallanthighal S, Reliene R. Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Nanoparticles in Mouse Models. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1894:301-312. [PMID: 30547468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8916-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Owing to new and unique properties, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) likely pose different risks than their constituent chemicals and these risks need to be understood. In particular, it is important to assess genotoxicity, since genotoxicity is a precursor to carcinogenicity. Here we describe a battery of tests for the assessment of genotoxicity of NPs in vivo in mice. Mice can be exposed to NPs for various exposure durations and by any route of exposure, provided NPs are absorbed into the systemic blood circulation. The testing battery measures three well-established markers of DNA damage: oxidative DNA damage, double strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal damage. These markers are measured in peripheral blood cells by microscopic techniques. 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanine (8-oxoG), indicative of oxidative DNA damage, and phosphorylated histone 2AX (γ-H2AX) foci, indicative of DSBs, are determined in white blood cells by immunofluorescence. Micronuclei, indicative of chromosomal damage, are examined in erythrocytes on Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears. This testing battery can be easily integrated in general toxicology studies or studies examining carcinogenic potential of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameera Nallanthighal
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ramune Reliene
- Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA. .,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
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Pallotta A, Clarot I, Sobocinski J, Fattal E, Boudier A. Nanotechnologies for Medical Devices: Potentialities and Risks. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:1-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Clarot
- CITHEFOR, Université de Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | | | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Fu M, Lin Z, Lin H, Tong Y, Wang H, Chen H, Chen Y, Zhang R. A Silver Nanoparticle Method for Ameliorating Biliary Atresia Syndrome in Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30371664 DOI: 10.3791/58158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe type of cholangitis with high mortality in children of which the etiology is still not fully understood. Viral infections may be one possible cause. The typical animal model used for studying BA is established by inoculating a neonatal mouse with a rhesus rotavirus. Silver nanoparticles have been shown to exert antibacterial and antiviral effects; their function in the BA mouse model is evaluated in this study. Currently, in BA animal experiments, the methods used to improve the symptoms of BA mice are generally symptomatic treatments given via food or other drugs. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a new method for ameliorating BA syndrome in mice by the intraperitoneal injection of silver nanoparticles and to provide detailed methods for preparing the silver nanoparticle gel formulation. This method is simple and widely applicable and can be used to research the mechanism of BA, as well as in clinical treatments. Based on the BA mouse model, when the mice exhibit jaundice, the prepared silver nanoparticle gel is injected intraperitoneally to the surface of the lower liver. The survival status is observed, and biochemical indicators and liver histopathology are examined. This method allows a more intuitive understanding of both the establishment of the BA model and novel BA treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Huiting Lin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Yanlu Tong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Hezhen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Hongjiao Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Ruizhong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women & Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University;
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Hadrup N, Sharma AK, Loeschner K. Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:257-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Winkler HC, Notter T, Meyer U, Naegeli H. Critical review of the safety assessment of titanium dioxide additives in food. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:51. [PMID: 29859103 PMCID: PMC5984422 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterial engineering provides an important technological advance that offers substantial benefits for applications not only in the production and processing, but also in the packaging and storage of food. An expanding commercialization of nanomaterials as part of the modern diet will substantially increase their oral intake worldwide. While the risk of particle inhalation received much attention, gaps of knowledge exist regarding possible adverse health effects due to gastrointestinal exposure. This problem is highlighted by pigment-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2), which confers a white color and increased opacity with an optimal particle diameter of 200-300 nm. However, size distribution analyses showed that batches of food-grade TiO2 always comprise a nano-sized fraction as inevitable byproduct of the manufacturing processes. Submicron-sized TiO2 particles, in Europe listed as E 171, are widely used as a food additive although the relevant risk assessment has never been satisfactorily completed. For example, it is not possible to derive a safe daily intake of TiO2 from the available long-term feeding studies in rodents. Also, the use of TiO2 particles in the food sector leads to highest exposures in children, but only few studies address the vulnerability of this particular age group. Extrapolation of animal studies to humans is also problematic due to knowledge gaps as to local gastrointestinal effects of TiO2 particles, primarily on the mucosa and the gut-associated lymphoid system. Tissue distributions after oral administration of TiO2 differ from other exposure routes, thus limiting the relevance of data obtained from inhalation or parenteral injections. Such difficulties and uncertainties emerging in the retrospective assessment of TiO2 particles exemplify the need for a fit-to-purpose data requirement for the future evaluation of novel nano-sized or submicron-sized particles added deliberately to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Christian Winkler
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Naegeli
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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