1
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Dawson DA, Schultz TW. Equations for estimating binary mixture toxicity: 3-methyl-2-butanone with a series of electrophiles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306382. [PMID: 38959231 PMCID: PMC11221661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixture toxicity was determined for 32 binary combinations. One chemical was the non-reactive, non-polar narcotic 3-methyl-2-butanone (always chemical A) and the other was a potentially reactive electrophile (chemical B). Bioluminescence inhibition in Allovibrio fischeri was measured at 15-, 30-, and 45-minutes of exposure for A, B, and the mixture (MX). Concentration-response curves (CRCs) were developed for each chemical and used to develop predicted CRCs for the concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) mixture toxicity models. Also, MX CRCs were generated and compared with model predictions using the 45-minute data. Classification of observed mixture toxicity used three specific criteria: 1) predicted IA EC50 vs. CA EC50 values at 45-minutes, 2) consistency of 45-minute MX CRC fit to IA, CA, or otherwise at three effect levels (EC25, EC50 and EC75), and 3) the known/suspected mechanism of toxicity for chemical B. Mixture toxicity was then classified into one of seven groupings. As a result of the predicted IA EC50 being more toxic than the predicted CA EC50, IA represented the greater toxic hazard. For this reason, non-sham MXs having toxicity consistent with CA were classified as being "coincident" with CA rather than mechanistically-consistent with CA. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to develop equations that can be used to estimate the toxicity of other 3M2B-containing binary mixtures. These equations were developed from the data for both IA and CA, at each exposure duration and effect level. Each equation had a coefficient of determination (r2) above 0.950 and a variance inflation factor <1.2. This approach can potentially reduce the need for mixture testing and is amenable to other model systems and to assays that evaluate toxicity at low effect levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A. Dawson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Toxicology, Ashland University, Ashland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Terry W. Schultz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
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2
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Knox J, Burns AR, Cooke B, Cammalleri SR, Kitner M, Ching J, Castelli JMP, Puumala E, Snider J, Koury E, Collins JB, Geissah S, Dowling JJ, Andersen EC, Stagljar I, Cowen LE, Lautens M, Zasada I, Roy PJ. Cyprocide selectively kills nematodes via cytochrome P450 bioactivation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5529. [PMID: 38956039 PMCID: PMC11219838 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Left unchecked, plant-parasitic nematodes have the potential to devastate crops globally. Highly effective but non-selective nematicides are justifiably being phased-out, leaving farmers with limited options for managing nematode infestation. Here, we report our discovery of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole thioether scaffold called Cyprocide that selectively kills nematodes including diverse species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Cyprocide is bioactivated into a lethal reactive electrophilic metabolite by specific nematode cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cyprocide fails to kill organisms beyond nematodes, suggesting that the targeted lethality of this pro-nematicide derives from P450 substrate selectivity. Our findings demonstrate that Cyprocide is a selective nematicidal scaffold with broad-spectrum activity that holds the potential to help safeguard our global food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Knox
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew R Burns
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brittany Cooke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Savina R Cammalleri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Megan Kitner
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin Ching
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack M P Castelli
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Puumala
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie Snider
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Koury
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - J B Collins
- Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Salma Geissah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Leah E Cowen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Lautens
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Inga Zasada
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Peter J Roy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Lv X, He M, Wei J, Li Q, Nie F, Shao Z, Wang Z, Tian L. Development of an effective QSAR-based hazard threshold prediction model for the ecological risk assessment of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47220-47236. [PMID: 38990260 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The insufficient hazard thresholds of specific individual aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (AHCs) with diverse structures limit their ecological risk assessment. Thus, herein, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for estimating the hazard threshold of AHCs were developed based on the hazardous concentration for 5% of species (HC5) determined using the optimal species sensitivity distribution models and on the molecular descriptors calculated via the PADEL software and ORCA software. Results revealed that the optimal QSAR model, which involved eight descriptors, namely, Zagreb, GATS2m, VR3_Dzs, AATSC2s, GATS2c, ATSC2i, ω, and Vm, displayed excellent performance, as reflected by an optimal goodness of fit (R2adj = 0.918), robustness (Q2LOO = 0.869), and external prediction ability (Q2F1 = 0.760, Q2F2 = 0.782, and Q2F3 = 0.774). The hazard thresholds estimated using the optimal QSAR model were approximately close to the published water quality criteria developed by different countries and regions. The quantitative structure-toxicity relationship demonstrated that the molecular descriptors associated with electrophilicity and topological and electrotopological properties were important factors that affected the risks of AHCs. A new and reliable approach to estimate the hazard threshold of ecological risk assessment for various aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants was provided in this study, which can be widely popularised to similar contaminants with diverse structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiudi Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Mei He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Jiajia Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China
- School of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Fan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhiguo Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment (Yangtze University), Wuhan, 430100, China.
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
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4
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Akagi Y, Yamakoshi H, Iwabuchi Y. Development of a fluorous trapping reagent for rapid detection of electrophilic reactive metabolites. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3810-3814. [PMID: 38855885 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00577e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A cysteine-based fluorous trapping reagent, Rf8CYS, was developed. Rf8CYS formed adducts with soft and hard electrophilic reactive metabolites. These fluorous-tagged adducts were purified via both fluorous solid-phase extraction and the direct injection method. The highly sensitive mass spectrometric detection of an unprecedented adduct of the ticlopidine metabolite was realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Akagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
- Toxicology Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-13-2 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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5
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Lim PC, Yap BK, Tay YJ, Hanapi NA, Yusof SR, Lee CY. Discovery of aurones bearing two amine functionalities as SHIP2 inhibitors with insulin-sensitizing effect in rat myotubes. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2179-2195. [PMID: 38911152 PMCID: PMC11187551 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00360d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of the SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) by small-molecule compounds presents an attractive approach to modulate insulin sensitivity. Few drug-like SHIP2 inhibitors have been discovered to date. A series of aurones incorporating key motifs from known SHIP2 inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for SHIP2-inhibiting activity against a recombinant SHIP2 protein in vitro. Three aurones that inhibited SHIP2 at 15-50 μM were identified. These aurone inhibitors required two amine functionalities, one at ring A and a second at ring B for good inhibitory activity as exemplified by 12a. Mechanistically, molecular dynamics simulations revealed 12a to preferably bind to an allosteric site, restricting the motion of the flexible L4 loop required for SHIP2 phosphatase activity. Additionally, a basic piperidine moiety of 12a interacted with an aspartate residue proximal to the site. At 20-40 μM, 12a significantly enhanced glucose uptake in rat myotubes via increased Akt phosphorylation. 12a showed good permeability across the Caco-2 cell monolayer supporting the aurone chemotype as a new lead to develop drug-like, oral insulin sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phei Ching Lim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia +604 653 4086
| | - Beow Keat Yap
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia +604 653 4086
| | - Yi Juin Tay
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia +604 653 4086
| | - Nur Aziah Hanapi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Siti Rafidah Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia
| | - Chong-Yew Lee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Minden 11800 Penang Malaysia +604 653 4086
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6
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Möller C, Virzi J, Chang YJ, Keidel A, Chao MR, Hu CW, Cooke MS. DNA modifications: Biomarkers for the exposome? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104449. [PMID: 38636743 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The concept of the exposome is the encompassing of all the environmental exposures, both exogenous and endogenous, across the life course. Many, if not all, of these exposures can result in the generation of reactive species, and/or the modulation of cellular processes, that can lead to a breadth of modifications of DNA, the nature of which may be used to infer their origin. Because of their role in cell function, such modifications have been associated with various major human diseases, including cancer, and so their assessment is crucial. Historically, most methods have been able to only measure one or a few DNA modifications at a time, limiting the information available. With the development of DNA adductomics, which aims to determine the totality of DNA modifications, a far more comprehensive picture of the DNA adduct burden can be gained. Importantly, DNA adductomics can facilitate a "top-down" investigative approach whereby patterns of adducts may be used to trace and identify the originating exposure source. This, together with other 'omic approaches, represents a major tool for unraveling the complexities of the exposome and hence allow a better a understanding of the environmental origins of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Möller
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - Jazmine Virzi
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Yuan-Jhe Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Alexandra Keidel
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mu-Rong Chao
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Hu
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Oxidative Stress Group, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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7
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Touhara KK, Rossen ND, Deng F, Chu T, Harrington AM, Garcia Caraballo S, Brizuela M, O'Donnell T, Cil O, Brierley SM, Li Y, Julius D. Crypt and Villus Enterochromaffin Cells are Distinct Stress Sensors in the Gut. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579180. [PMID: 38370814 PMCID: PMC10871270 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The crypt-villus structure of the small intestine serves as an essential protective barrier, with its integrity monitored by the gut's sensory system. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which are rare sensory epithelial cells that release serotonin (5-HT), surveil the mucosal environment and signal both within and outside the gut. However, it remains unclear whether EC cells in intestinal crypts and villi respond to different stimuli and elicit distinct responses. In this study, we introduce a new reporter mouse model to observe the release and propagation of serotonin in live intestines. Using this system, we show that crypt EC cells exhibit two modes of serotonin release: transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1)-dependent tonic serotonin release that controls basal ionic secretion, and irritant-evoked serotonin release that activates gut sensory neurons. Furthermore, we find that a thick protective mucus layer prevents TRPA1 receptors on crypt EC cells from responding to luminal irritants such as reactive electrophiles; if this mucus layer is compromised, then crypt EC cells become susceptible to activation by luminal irritants. On the other hand, villus EC cells detect oxidative stress through TRPM2 channels and co-release serotonin and ATP to activate nearby gut sensory fibers. Our work highlights the physiological importance of intestinal architecture and differential TRP channel expression in sensing noxious stimuli that elicit nausea and/or pain sensations in the gut.
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8
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Liu Z, Guo F, Zhu Y, Qin S, Hou Y, Guo H, Lin F, Chen PR, Fan X. Bioorthogonal photocatalytic proximity labeling in primary living samples. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2712. [PMID: 38548729 PMCID: PMC10978841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ profiling of subcellular proteomics in primary living systems, such as native tissues or clinic samples, is crucial for understanding life processes and diseases, yet challenging due to methodological obstacles. Here we report CAT-S, a bioorthogonal photocatalytic chemistry-enabled proximity labeling method, that expands proximity labeling to a wide range of primary living samples for in situ profiling of mitochondrial proteomes. Powered by our thioQM labeling warhead development and targeted bioorthogonal photocatalytic chemistry, CAT-S enables the labeling of mitochondrial proteins in living cells with high efficiency and specificity. We apply CAT-S to diverse cell cultures, dissociated mouse tissues as well as primary T cells from human blood, portraying the native-state mitochondrial proteomic characteristics, and unveiled hidden mitochondrial proteins (PTPN1, SLC35A4 uORF, and TRABD). Furthermore, CAT-S allows quantification of proteomic perturbations on dysfunctional tissues, exampled by diabetic mouse kidneys, revealing the alterations of lipid metabolism that may drive disease progression. Given the advantages of non-genetic operation, generality, and spatiotemporal resolution, CAT-S may open exciting avenues for subcellular proteomic investigations of primary samples that are otherwise inaccessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Liu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhu Guo
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Qin
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Hou
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Guo
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinyuan Fan
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Ta GH, Weng CF, Leong MK. Development of a hierarchical support vector regression-based in silico model for the prediction of the cysteine depletion in DPRA. Toxicology 2024; 503:153739. [PMID: 38307191 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Topical and transdermal treatments have been dramatically growing recently and it is crucial to consider skin sensitization during the drug discovery and development process for these administration routes. Various tests, including animal and non-animal approaches, have been devised to assess the potential for skin sensitization. Furthermore, numerous in silico models have been created, providing swift and cost-effective alternatives to traditional methods such as in vivo, in vitro, and in chemico methods for categorizing compounds. In this study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed using the innovative hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) scheme. The aim was to quantitatively predict the potential for skin sensitization by analyzing the percent of cysteine depletion in Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA). The results demonstrated accurate, consistent, and robust predictions in the training set, test set, and outlier set. Consequently, this model can be employed to estimate skin sensitization potential of novel or virtual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang H Ta
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Institute of Respiratory Disease Department of Basic Medical Science Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 974301, Taiwan.
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10
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Mehta NV, Degani MS. The expanding repertoire of covalent warheads for drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103799. [PMID: 37839776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The reactive functionalities of drugs that engage in covalent interactions with the enzyme/receptor residue in either a reversible or an irreversible manner are called 'warheads'. Covalent warheads that were previously neglected because of safety concerns have recently gained center stage as a result of their various advantages over noncovalent drugs, including increased selectivity, increased residence time, and higher potency. With the approval of several covalent inhibitors over the past decade, research in this area has accelerated. Various strategies are being continuously developed to tune the characteristics of warheads to improve their potency and mitigate toxicity. Here, we review research progress in warhead discovery over the past 5 years to provide valuable insights for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrashee V Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mariam S Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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11
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Wang H, Chu X, Du P, He H, He F, Liu Y, Wang W, Ma Y, Wen L, Wang Y, Oz F, Abd El-Aty A. Unveiling heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in thermally processed meat products: Formation, toxicity, and strategies for reduction - A comprehensive review. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100833. [PMID: 37780237 PMCID: PMC10534170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review focuses on heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), a class of chemicals that commonly form during the cooking or processing of protein-rich foods. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has categorized certain HAAs as probable human carcinogens, highlighting the significance of studying their formation and control in food safety research. The main objective of this review is to address the knowledge gaps regarding HAAs formation and propose approaches to reduce their potential toxicity during thermal processing. By summarizing the mechanisms involved in HAAs formation and inhibition, the review encompasses both conventional and recent detection methods. Furthermore, it explores the distribution of HAAs in thermally processed meats prepared through various cooking techniques and examines their relative toxicity. Additionally, considering that the Maillard reaction, responsible for HAAs formation, also contributes to the unique flavors and aromas of cooked meat products, this review investigates the potential effects of inhibiting HAAs formation on flavor substances. A thorough understanding of these complex interactions provides a foundation for developing targeted interventions to minimize the formation of HAAs and other harmful compounds during food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Wang
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaoran Chu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Pengfei Du
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hongjun He
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng He
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weiting Wang
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuanshang Wang
- Institute of Food & Nutrition Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Jinan 250100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - A.M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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12
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Martínez-Cifuentes M, Soto-Tapia E, Linares-Pipón C, Bradshaw B, Valenzuela-Hormazabal P, Ramírez D, Muñoz-Torres P, Parra C. Design of β-Keto Esters with Antibacterial Activity: Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation, and Theoretical Assessment of Their Reactivity and Quorum-Sensing Inhibition Capacity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1339. [PMID: 37895810 PMCID: PMC10610512 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes the design of β-keto esters as antibacterial compounds. The design was based on the structure of the autoinducer of bacterial quorum sensing, N-(3-oxo-hexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL). Eight β-keto ester analogues were synthesised with good yields and were spectroscopically characterised, showing that the compounds were only present in their β-keto ester tautomer form. We carried out a computational analysis of the reactivity and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) properties of the compounds as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations with the LasR and LuxS quorum-sensing (QS) proteins, which are involved in bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The results show that all the compounds exhibit reliable ADME properties and that only compound 7 can present electrophile toxicity. The theoretical reactivity study shows that compounds 6 and 8 present a differential local reactivity regarding the rest of the series. Compound 8 presents the most promising potential in terms of its ability to interact with the LasR and LuxS QS proteins efficiently according to its molecular docking and molecular dynamics calculations. An initial in vitro antimicrobial screening was performed against the human pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus as well as the phytopathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Compounds 6 and 8 exhibit the most promising results in the in vitro antimicrobial screening against the panel of bacteria studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Martínez-Cifuentes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Emmanuel Soto-Tapia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Camila Linares-Pipón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- Laboratori de Química Orgánica, Facultat de Farmàcia, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Paulina Valenzuela-Hormazabal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.V.-H.); (D.R.)
| | - David Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (P.V.-H.); (D.R.)
| | - Patricio Muñoz-Torres
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal y Bioproductos, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - Claudio Parra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepción 4070371, Chile; (E.S.-T.); (C.L.-P.)
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13
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Huchthausen J, Escher BI, Grasse N, König M, Beil S, Henneberger L. Reactivity of Acrylamides Causes Cytotoxicity and Activates Oxidative Stress Response. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1374-1385. [PMID: 37531411 PMCID: PMC10445285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamides are widely used industrial chemicals that cause adverse effects in humans or animals, such as carcinogenicity or neurotoxicity. The excess toxicity of these reactive electrophilic chemicals is especially interesting, as it is mostly triggered by covalent reactions with biological nucleophiles, such as DNA bases, proteins, or peptides. The cytotoxicity and activation of oxidative stress response of 10 (meth)acrylamides measured in three reporter gene cell lines occurred at similar concentrations. Most acrylamides exhibited high excess toxicity, while methacrylamides acted as baseline toxicants. The (meth)acrylamides showed no reactivity toward the hard biological nucleophile 2-deoxyguanosine (2DG) within 24 h, and only acrylamides reacted with the soft nucleophile glutathione (GSH). Second-order degradation rate constants (kGSH) were measured for all acrylamides with N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (NMBA) showing the highest kGSH (134.800 M-1 h-1) and N,N-diethylacrylamide (NDA) the lowest kGSH (2.574 M-1 h-1). Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry was used to confirm the GSH conjugates of the acrylamides with a double conjugate formed for NMBA. The differences in reactivity between acrylamides and methacrylamides could be explained by the charge density of the carbon atoms because the electron-donating inductive effect of the methyl group of the methacrylamides lowered their electrophilicity and thus their reactivity. The differences in reactivity within the group of acrylamides could be explained by the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and steric hindrance. Cytotoxicity and activation of oxidative stress response were linearly correlated with the second-order reaction rate constants of the acrylamides with GSH. The reaction of the acrylamides with GSH is hence not only a detoxification mechanism but also leads to disturbances of the redox balance, making the cells more vulnerable to reactive oxygen species. The reactivity of acrylamides explained the oxidative stress response and cytotoxicity in the cells, and the lack of reactivity of the methacrylamides led to baseline toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Huchthausen
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University
Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nico Grasse
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre
for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria König
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Beil
- Institute
of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Henneberger
- Department
of Cell Toxicology, Helmholtz Centre for
Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Muellers TD, Petrovic PV, Zimmerman JB, Anastas PT. Toward Property-Based Regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11718-11730. [PMID: 37527361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
An expanding web of adverse impacts on people and the environment has been steadily linked to anthropogenic chemicals and their proliferation. Central to this web are the regulatory structures intended to protect human and environmental health through the control of new molecules. Through chronically insufficient and inefficient action, the current chemical-by-chemical regulatory approach, which considers regulation at the level of chemical identity, has enabled many adverse impacts to develop and persist. Recognizing the link between fundamental physicochemical properties and hazards, we describe a new paradigm─property-based regulation. By regulating physicochemical properties, we show how governments can delineate and enforce safe chemical spaces, increasing the scalability of chemical assessments, reducing the time and resources to regulate a substance, and providing transparency for chemical designers. We highlight sparse existing property-based approaches and demonstrate their applicability using bioaccumulation as an example. Finally, we present a path to implementation in the United States, prescribing roles and steps for government, nongovernmental organizations, and industry to accelerate this transition, to the benefit of all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D Muellers
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Predrag V Petrovic
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Julie B Zimmerman
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Paul T Anastas
- School of the Environment, Yale University, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, Yale University, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- School of Public Health, Yale University, 60 College St, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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15
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Patlewicz G, Paul-Friedman K, Houck K, Zhang L, Huang R, Xia M, Brown J, Simmons SO. Evaluating the utility of a high throughput thiol-containing fluorescent probe to screen for reactivity: A case study with the Tox21 library. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 26:10.1016/j.comtox.2023.100271. [PMID: 37388277 PMCID: PMC10304587 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2023.100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screening (HTS) assays for bioactivity in the Tox21 program aim to evaluate an array of different biological targets and pathways, but a significant barrier to interpretation of these data is the lack of high-throughput screening (HTS) assays intended to identify non-specific reactive chemicals. This is an important aspect for prioritising chemicals to test in specific assays, identifying promiscuous chemicals based on their reactivity, as well as addressing hazards such as skin sensitisation which are not necessarily initiated by a receptor-mediated effect but act through a non-specific mechanism. Herein, a fluorescence-based HTS assay that allows the identification of thiol-reactive compounds was used to screen 7,872 unique chemicals in the Tox21 10K chemical library. Active chemicals were compared with profiling outcomes using structural alerts encoding electrophilic information. Random Forest classification models based on chemical fingerprints were developed to predict assay outcomes and evaluated through 10-fold stratified cross validation (CV). The mean CV Balanced Accuracy of the validation set was 0.648. The model developed shows promise as a tool to screen untested chemicals for their potential electrophilic reactivity based solely on chemical structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Patlewicz
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Katie Paul-Friedman
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Keith Houck
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruili Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Brown
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Steven O. Simmons
- Center for Computational Toxicology & Exposure (CCTE), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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16
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Gajewicz-Skretna A, Wyrzykowska E, Gromelski M. Quantitative multi-species toxicity modeling: Does a multi-species, machine learning model provide better performance than a single-species model for the evaluation of acute aquatic toxicity by organic pollutants? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160590. [PMID: 36473653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological profile of any chemical is defined by multiple endpoints and testing procedures, including representative test species from different trophic levels. While computer-aided methods play an increasingly important role in supporting ecotoxicology research and chemical hazard assessment, most of the recently developed machine learning models are directed towards a single, specific endpoint. To overcome this limitation and accelerate the process of identifying potentially hazardous environmental pollutants, we are introducing an effective approach for quantitative, multi-species modeling. The proposed approach is based on canonical correlation analysis that finds a pair(s) of uncorrelated, linear combinations of the original variables that best defines the overall variability within and between multiple biological responses and predictor variables. Its effectiveness was confirmed by the machine learning model for estimating acute toxicity of diverse organic pollutants in aquatic species from three trophic levels: algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), daphnia (Daphnia magna), and fish (Oryzias latipes). The multi-species model achieved a favorable predictive performance that were in line with predictive models derived for the aquatic organisms individually. The chemical bioavailability and reactivity parameters (n-octanol/water partition coefficient, chemical potential, and molecular size and volume) were important to accurately predict acute ecotoxicity to the three aquatic organisms. To facilitate the use of this approach, an open-source, Python-based script, named qMTM (quantitative Multi-species Toxicity Modeling) has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Wyrzykowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Abstract
Environmental agents of exposure can damage proteins, affecting protein function and cellular protein homeostasis. Specific residues are inherently chemically susceptible to damage from individual types of exposure. Amino acid content is not completely predictive of protein susceptibility, as secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures of proteins strongly influence the reactivity of the proteome to individual exposures. Because we cannot readily predict which proteins will be affected by which chemical exposures, mass spectrometry-based proteomic strategies are necessary to determine the protein targets of environmental toxins and toxicants. This review describes the mechanisms by which environmental exposure to toxins and toxicants can damage proteins and affect their function, and emerging omic methodologies that can be used to identify the protein targets of a given agent. These methods include target identification strategies that have recently revolutionized the drug discovery field, such as activity-based protein profiling, protein footprinting, and protein stability profiling technologies. In particular, we highlight the necessity of multiple, complementary approaches to fully interrogate how protein integrity is challenged by individual exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Genereux
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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18
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Geohagen B, Zeldin E, Reidy K, Wang T, Gavathiotis E, Fishman YI, LoPachin R, Loeb DM, Weiser DA. Acetophenone protection against cisplatin-induced end-organ damage. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101595. [PMID: 36477009 PMCID: PMC9723927 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used and efficacious chemotherapeutic agent for treating solid tumors, yet it causes systemic end-organ damage that is often irreversible and detrimental to quality of life. This includes severe sensorineural hearing loss, hepatotoxicity, and renal injury. Based on the hard-soft acid-base theory, we recently developed two acetophenone-derived, enol-based compounds that directly interfere with the side effects of cisplatin. We investigated organ-specific and generalized toxicity in order to define dose-dependent responses in rodents injected with cisplatin with or without the protective compounds. All metrics that were used as indicators of toxicity showed retention of baseline or control measurements when animals were pre-treated with acetophenones prior to cisplatin administration, while animals injected with no protective compounds showed expected elevations in toxicity measurements or depressions in measurements of organ function. These data support the further investigation of novel acetophenone compounds for the prevention of cisplatin-induced end-organ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Geohagen
- Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care, USA; Montefiore Medical Center, 111 E 210th Street, The Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Reidy
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, The Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care, USA
| | - Yonatan I Fishman
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Richard LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - David M Loeb
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Cellular Therapy, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care, USA
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, The Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Cellular Therapy, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care, USA.
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19
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Xue Z, Hua Z, Luo X, Li Y, Lu C, Lu A, Liu Y. The endoplasmic reticulum participated in drug metabolic toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:945-961. [PMID: 35040016 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Covalent binding of reactive metabolites formed by drug metabolic activation with biological macromolecules is considered to be an important mechanism of drug metabolic toxicity. Recent studies indicate that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) could play an important role in drug toxicity by participating in the metabolic activation of drugs and could be a primarily attacked target by reactive metabolites. In this article, we summarize the generation and mechanism of reactive metabolites in ER stress and their associated cell death and inflammatory cascade, as well as the systematic modulation of unfolded protein response (UPR)-mediated adaptive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcai Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhengjia Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zeyu Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhenglai Hua
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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20
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Abdulghani MA, Alshehade SA, Kamran S, Alshawsh MA. Effect of monosodium glutamate on serum sex hormones and uterine histology in female rats along with its molecular docking and in-silico toxicity. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10967. [PMID: 36237979 PMCID: PMC9552117 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is commonly used worldwide as a food flavour enhancer by the food industry. The current study investigated the in vivo toxic effects of MSG on the uterus in adult female Sprague Dawley rats and in vitro using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, computational toxicity and molecular docking. The average levels of progesterone and oestrogen in the MSG-treated animals significantly altered. Besides, the average uterine lumen area (μm2) was smaller than the control group. MSG showed high-affinity binding to acetylcholine receptors and disrupted the normal nerve signal with a predicted LD50 of 4500 mg/kg. MSG also demonstrated good binding affinity to human oestrogen receptors beta and some other proteins that have an oxidative stress role in the female reproductive organs. Therefore, a precaution should be taken when utilising this compound, especially for females under the risk factor of hormonal abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoudh A.M. Abdulghani
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Aden, Yemen,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author.
| | - Salah Abdulrazak Alshehade
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sareh Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,Corresponding author.
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21
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Campos‐Fernández L, Ortiz‐Muñiz R, Cortés‐Barberena E, Mares‐Sámano S, Garduño‐Juárez R, Soriano‐Correa C. Imidazole and nitroimidazole derivatives as NADH-fumarate reductase inhibitors: Density functional theory studies, homology modeling, and molecular docking. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1573-1595. [PMID: 35796405 PMCID: PMC9541967 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Benznidazole and nifurtimox are drugs used for its therapy; nevertheless, they have collateral effects. NADH-fumarate (FUM) reductase is a potential pharmacological target since it is essential for survival of parasite and is not found in humans. The objectives are to design and characterize the electronic structure of imidazole and nitroimidazole derivatives at DFT-M06-2X level in aqueous solution; also, to model the NADH-FUM reductase and analyze its intermolecular interactions by molecular docking. Quantum-chemical descriptors allowed to select the molecules with the best physicochemical properties and lowest toxicity. A high-quality three-dimensional structure of NADH-FUM reductase was obtained by homology modeling. Water molecules do not have influence in the interaction between FUM and NADH-FUM reductase. The main hydrogen-binding interactions for FUM were identified in NADH, Lys172, and Arg89; while hydrophobic interactions in Phe479, Thr174, Met63. The molecules S3-8, S2-8, and S1-8 could be inhibitors of NADH-FUM reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Campos‐Fernández
- Doctorado en Biología ExperimentalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
- Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
- Unidad de Química Computacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
| | - Rocío Ortiz‐Muñiz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
| | - Edith Cortés‐Barberena
- Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana‐IztapalapaMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
| | - Sergio Mares‐Sámano
- CONACYT–Instituto de Ciencias FísicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Ramón Garduño‐Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias FísicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Catalina Soriano‐Correa
- Unidad de Química Computacional, Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityIztapalapaMexico
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22
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Crystalline γ-cyclodextrin metal organic framework nano-containers for encapsulation of benzaldehyde and their host–guest interactions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01158-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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23
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de Oliveira MVD, Furtado RM, da Costa KS, Vakal S, Lima AH. Advances in UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (MurA) Covalent Inhibition. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:889825. [PMID: 35936791 PMCID: PMC9346081 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.889825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan is a cross-linked polymer responsible for maintaining the bacterial cell wall integrity and morphology in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The peptidoglycan pathway consists of the enzymatic reactions held in three steps: cytoplasmic, membrane-associated, and periplasmic. The Mur enzymes (MurA-MurF) are involved in a cytoplasmic stage. The UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) enzyme is responsible for transferring the enolpyruvate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UNAG) to form UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvate (EP-UNAG). Fosfomycin is a natural product analogous to PEP that acts on the MurA target enzyme via binding covalently to the key cysteine residue in the active site. Similar to fosfomycin, other MurA covalent inhibitors have been described with a warhead in their structure that forms a covalent bond with the molecular target. In MurA, the nucleophilic thiolate of Cys115 is pointed as the main group involved in the warhead binding. Thus, in this minireview, we briefly describe the main recent advances in the design of MurA covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Machado Furtado
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Kauê S. da Costa
- Institute of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western Pará, Santarém, Brazil
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Anderson H. Lima
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Anderson H. Lima,
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Maitra U, Stephen C, Ciesla LM. Drug discovery from natural products - Old problems and novel solutions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114553. [PMID: 34968995 PMCID: PMC8792363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural products has been shown to be a fruitful approach in the discovery of novel pharmaceuticals. In fact, many currently approved drugs originated from compounds that were first identified in nature. Chemical diversity of natural compounds cannot be matched by man-made libraries of chemically synthesized molecules. Many natural compounds interact with and modulate regulatory protein targets and can be considered evolutionarily-optimized drug-like molecules. Despite this, many pharmaceutical companies have reduced or eliminated their natural product discovery programs in the last two decades. Screening natural products for pharmacologically active compounds is a challenging task that requires high resource commitment. Novel approaches at the early stage of the drug discovery pipeline are needed to allow for rapid screening and identification of the most promising molecules. Here, we review the possible evolutionary roots for drug-like characteristics of numerous natural compounds. Since many of these compounds target evolutionarily conserved cellular signaling pathways, we propose novel, early-stage drug discovery approaches to identify drug candidates that can be used for the potential prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Invertebrate in vivo animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and innovative tools used within these models are proposed here as a screening funnel to identify new drug candidates and to shuttle these hits into further stages of the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila Maitra
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Cayman Stephen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Lukasz M Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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Jung GL, McDaniel KL, LoPachin RM, Geohagen BC, Smith A, Huffstickler M, Herr DW. IN VIVO NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF IN SILICO PREDICTIONS OF NEUROTOXICITY: CITRONELLAL, 3,4-DICHLORO-1-BUTENE, AND BENZYL BROMOACETATE. Neurotoxicology 2022; 90:48-61. [PMID: 35227730 PMCID: PMC9133174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicants may be widespread in the environment and can produce serious health impacts in the human population. Screening programs that use in vitro methods have generated data for thousands of chemicals. However, these methods often do not evaluate repeated or prolonged exposures, which are required for many neurotoxic outcomes. Additionally, the data produced by such screening methods may not include mechanisms which play critical biological roles necessary for in vivo neurotoxicity. The Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) in silico model focuses on chemical structure and electrophilic properties which are important to the formation of protein adducts. A group of structurally diverse chemicals have been evaluated with an in silico screening approach incorporating HSAB parameters. However, the predictions from the expanded chemical space have not been evaluated using in vivo methods. Three chemicals predicted to be cumulative toxicants were selected for in vivo neurotoxicological testing. Adult male Long-Evans rats were treated orally with citronellal (CIT), 3,4-dichloro-1-butene (DCB), or benzyl bromoacetate (BBA) for 8 weeks. Behavioral observations were recorded weekly to assess motor function. Peripheral neurophysiological measurements were derived from nerve excitability (NE) tests which involved compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) in the tail and foot, and mixed nerve action potentials (MNAPs) in the tail. Compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in the tail were also quantified. Peripheral inputs into the central nervous system were examined using somatosensory evoked potentials recorded from the cortex (SEPCTX) and cerebellum (SEPCEREB). CIT or BBA did not result in significant alterations to peripheral nerve or somatosensory function. DCB reduced grip-strength and altered peripheral nerve function. The MNAPs required less current to reach 50% amplitude and had a lower calculated rheobase, suggesting increased excitability. Increased CNAP amplitudes and greater NCV were also observed. Novel changes were found in the SEPCTX with an abnormal peak forming in the early portion of the waveforms of treated rats, and decreased latencies and increased amplitudes were observed in SEPCEREB recordings. These data contribute to testing an expanded chemical space from an in silico HSAB model for predicting cumulative neurotoxicity and may assist with prioritizing chemicals to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garyn L Jung
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Katherine L McDaniel
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Richard M LoPachin
- Professor Emeritus in the Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Brian C Geohagen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
| | - Alicia Smith
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA.
| | | | - David W Herr
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Tateishi Y, Shibazaki C, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Kazuki Y, Mashino T, Ohe T. Synthesis and evaluation of tofacitinib analogs designed to mitigate metabolic activation. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 43:100439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Chemicals are measured regularly in air, food, the environment, and the workplace. Biomonitoring of chemicals in biological fluids is a tool to determine the individual exposure. Blood protein adducts of xenobiotics are a marker of both exposure and the biologically effective dose. Urinary metabolites and blood metabolites are short term exposure markers. Stable hemoglobin adducts are exposure markers of up to 120 days. Blood protein adducts are formed with many xenobiotics at different sites of the blood proteins. Newer methods apply the techniques developed in the field of proteomics. Larger adducted peptides with 20 amino acids are used for quantitation. Unfortunately, at present the methods do not reach the limits of detection obtained with the methods looking at single amino acid adducts or at chemically cleaved adducts. Therefore, to progress in the field new approaches are needed.
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Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
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Li YS, Suen JL, Tseng WL, Lu CY. An eco-friendly solvent-free reaction based on peptide probes: design an extraction-free method for analysis of acrylamide under microliter volume. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7531-7539. [PMID: 34635932 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide is a group 2A carcinogen and potential endocrine disruptor that can enter the ecosystem by various routes and has recently become a dangerous pollutant. This widely used chemical can enter the human body via air inhalation, food or water consumption, or skin contact. In this study, we developed a peptide probe for the detection of acrylamide by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) after its micro-tagging with a peptide. Direct detection of acrylamide by MALDI-TOF MS is not feasible due to its poor ionization in the MALDI interface, which hinders its analysis by the technique. After microwave irradiation for 2 min, the formed acrylamide-peptide derivative was detected easily by MALDI-TOF MS without the need for extraction procedures. The procedure does not involve organic solvents and a water-soluble peptide that allows detection of acrylamide in small sample volumes with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng/μL. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative error (RE) of the measurements were < 6.7% for intra- and inter-day assays. Gel-washing solutions from a polyacrylamide gel experiment were used as a model to study the efficiency of the developed method. Finally, we used the proposed method for the detection of free acrylamide in small volumes of lung epithelial cells (a model to test the air inhalation of acrylamide under a tiny volume of sample) and human urine. The developed method will enable rapid acrylamide detection in environmental and biological samples via a green approach based on microwave-assisted derivatization in water alongside the use of a less toxic derivatization reagent, reusable target plate, and miniaturization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Ling Suen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lung Tseng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Gajewicz-Skretna A, Furuhama A, Yamamoto H, Suzuki N. Generating accurate in silico predictions of acute aquatic toxicity for a range of organic chemicals: Towards similarity-based machine learning methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130681. [PMID: 34162070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the use of non-animal approaches, such as in silico and/or in vitro methods, for assessing the risks of hazardous chemicals. A number of machine learning algorithms link molecular descriptors that interpret chemical structural properties with their biological activity. These computer-aided methods encounter several challenges, the most significant being the heterogeneity of datasets; more efficient and inclusive computational methods that are able to process large and heterogeneous chemical datasets are needed. In this context, this study verifies the utility of similarity-based machine learning methods in predicting the acute aquatic toxicity of diverse organic chemicals on Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. Two similarity-based methods were tested that employ a limited training dataset, most similar to a given fitting point, instead of using the entire dataset that encompasses a wide range of chemicals. The kernel-weighted local polynomial approach had a number of advantages over the distance-weighted k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm. The results highlight the importance of lipophilicity, electrophilic reactivity, molecular polarizability, and size in determining acute toxicity. The rigorous model validation ensures that this approach is an important tool for estimating toxicity in new or untested chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Ayako Furuhama
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan; Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
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31
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Krutz NL, Kimber I, Ryan CA, Kern PS, Gerberick GF. Critical Evaluation of Low-Molecular Weight Respiratory Sensitizers and Their Protein Reactivity Potential Toward Lysine Residues. Toxicol Sci 2021; 182:346-354. [PMID: 34003265 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the development of methods to evaluate the respiratory sensitization potential of low-molecular weight chemicals continues, but no method has yet been generally accepted or validated. A lack of chemical reference standards, together with uncertainty regarding relevant immunological mechanisms, has hampered method development. The first key event in the development of either skin or respiratory sensitization is the formation of stable adducts of the chemical with host proteins. This event is measured in the Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay using cysteine- and lysine-containing model peptides. It is hypothesized that protein reactivity and subsequent adduct formation may represent the earliest point of divergence in the pathways leading to either skin or respiratory sensitization. Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay data for 200 chemicals were compiled and grouped into respiratory, skin and nonsensitizers. Chemicals grouping was based on extensive literature research and expert judgment. To evaluate if chemical groups represent different peptide reactivity profiles, peptide reactivity data were clustered and compared with information on protein binding mechanisms and chemical categories available via the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Toolbox. Respiratory sensitizers (n = 15) showed a significant (3-fold) higher lysine reactivity than skin sensitizers (n = 129). However, this difference was driven largely by the high representation of acid anhydrides among the respiratory sensitizers that showed clear lysine selectivity. Collectively, these data suggest that preferential reactivity for either cysteine or lysine is associated primarily with chemical structure, and that lysine preference is not a unifying characteristic of chemical respiratory allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Krutz
- NV Procter & Gamble Services Company SA, Global Product Stewardship, Strombeek-Bever 1853, Belgium
| | - Ian Kimber
- University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Cindy A Ryan
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Global Product Stewardship, Mason, Ohio 45040, USA
| | - Petra S Kern
- NV Procter & Gamble Services Company SA, Global Product Stewardship, Strombeek-Bever 1853, Belgium
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32
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Valente A, Podolski-Renić A, Poetsch I, Filipović N, López Ó, Turel I, Heffeter P. Metal- and metalloid-based compounds to target and reverse cancer multidrug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 58:100778. [PMID: 34403910 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance remains the major cause of cancer treatment failure especially at the late stage of the disease. However, based on their versatile chemistry, metal and metalloid compounds offer the possibility to design fine-tuned drugs to circumvent and even specifically target drug-resistant cancer cells. Based on the paramount importance of platinum drugs in the clinics, two main areas of drug resistance reversal strategies exist: overcoming resistance to platinum drugs as well as multidrug resistance based on ABC efflux pumps. The current review provides an overview of both aspects of drug design and discusses the open questions in the field. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Altered expression of proteins involved in metal uptake, efflux or intracellular distribution, 2) Enhanced drug efflux via ABC transporters, 3) Altered metabolism in drug-resistant cancer cells, 4) Altered thiol or redox homeostasis, 5) Altered DNA damage recognition and enhanced DNA damage repair, 6) Impaired induction of apoptosis and 7) Altered interaction with the immune system. This review represents the first collection of metal (including platinum, ruthenium, iridium, gold, and copper) and metalloid drugs (e.g. arsenic and selenium) which demonstrated drug resistance reversal activity. A special focus is on compounds characterized by collateral sensitivity of ABC transporter-overexpressing cancer cells. Through this approach, we wish to draw the attention to open research questions in the field. Future investigations are warranted to obtain more insights into the mechanisms of action of the most potent compounds which target specific modalities of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Isabella Poetsch
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nenad Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Institute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Hadtstein F, Vrolijk M. Vitamin B-6-Induced Neuropathy: Exploring the Mechanisms of Pyridoxine Toxicity. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1911-1929. [PMID: 33912895 PMCID: PMC8483950 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B-6 in the form of pyridoxine (PN) is commonly used by the general population. The use of PN-containing supplements has gained lots of attention over the past years as they have been related to the development of peripheral neuropathy. In light of this, the number of reported cases of adverse health effects due to the use of vitamin B-6 have increased. Despite a long history of study, the pathogenic mechanisms associated with PN toxicity remain elusive. Therefore, the present review is focused on investigating the mechanistic link between PN supplementation and sensory peripheral neuropathy. Excessive PN intake induces neuropathy through the preferential injury of sensory neurons. Recent reports on hereditary neuropathy due to pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) mutations may provide some insight into the mechanism, as genetic deficiencies in PDXK lead to the development of axonal sensory neuropathy. High circulating concentrations of PN may lead to a similar condition via the inhibition of PDXK. The mechanism behind PDXK-induced neuropathy is unknown; however, there is reason to believe that it may be related to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission. Compounds that inhibit PDXK lead to convulsions and reductions in GABA biosynthesis. The absence of central nervous system-related symptoms in PDXK deficiency could be due to differences in the regulation of PDXK, where PDXK activity is preserved in the brain but not in peripheral tissues. As PN is relatively impermeable to the blood-brain barrier, PDXK inhibition would similarly be confined to the peripheries and, as a result, GABA signaling may be perturbed within peripheral tissues, such as sensory neurons. Perturbed GABA signaling within sensory neurons may lead to excitotoxicity, neurodegeneration, and ultimately, the development of peripheral neuropathy. For several reasons, we conclude that PDXK inhibition and consequently disrupted GABA neurotransmission is the most plausible mechanism of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hadtstein
- University College Venlo, Campus Venlo, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Shibazaki C, Ohe T, Takahashi K, Nakamura S, Mashino T. Development of fluorescent-labeled trapping reagents based on cysteine to detect soft and hard electrophilic reactive metabolites. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 39:100386. [PMID: 34091122 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trapping assays are conducted at lead optimization stages to detect reactive metabolites (RMs) that can contribute to drug toxicity. The commonly used dansyl glutathione (dGSH) provides a sensitive analysis owing to the fluorescent label, however, it captures only soft electrophilic RMs. TRs for hard electrophilic RMs, few of which are labeled fluorescently, can detect hard electrophilic aldehydes only by forming unstable imine derivatives. In this study, we aimed to develop novel fluorescently labeled TRs that detect both soft and hard electrophilic RMs and form stable ring structures with aldehydes. We designed four dansylated TRs based on cysteine, which has both soft and hard nucleophilic groups. To evaluate the reactivity of the TRs, we incubated them with several substrates and found that one of the TRs (CysGlu-Dan) detected all the soft and hard electrophilic RMs. We also examined the inhibition potential of each TR for seven major CYPs involved in drug metabolism and found that CysGlu-Dan showed an inhibitory profile similar to that of dGSH. In conclusion, CysGlu-Dan can be used to evaluate the risk of RMs in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Shibazaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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35
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Mazzolari A, Sommaruga L, Pedretti A, Vistoli G. MetaTREE, a Novel Database Focused on Metabolic Trees, Predicts an Important Detoxification Mechanism: The Glutathione Conjugation. Molecules 2021; 26:2098. [PMID: 33917533 PMCID: PMC8038802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Data accuracy plays a key role in determining the model performances and the field of metabolism prediction suffers from the lack of truly reliable data. To enhance the accuracy of metabolic data, we recently proposed a manually curated database collected by a meta-analysis of the specialized literature (MetaQSAR). Here we aim to further increase data accuracy by focusing on publications reporting exhaustive metabolic trees. This selection should indeed reduce the number of false negative data. (2) Methods: A new metabolic database (MetaTREE) was thus collected and utilized to extract a dataset for metabolic data concerning glutathione conjugation (MT-dataset). After proper pre-processing, this dataset, along with the corresponding dataset extracted from MetaQSAR (MQ-dataset), was utilized to develop binary classification models using a random forest algorithm. (3) Results: The comparison of the models generated by the two collected datasets reveals the better performances reached by the MT-dataset (MCC raised from 0.63 to 0.67, sensitivity from 0.56 to 0.58). The analysis of the applicability domain also confirms that the model based on the MT-dataset shows a more robust predictive power with a larger applicability domain. (4) Conclusions: These results confirm that focusing on metabolic trees represents a convenient approach to increase data accuracy by reducing the false negative cases. The encouraging performances shown by the models developed by the MT-dataset invites to use of MetaTREE for predictive studies in the field of xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Mazzolari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.S.); (A.P.); (G.V.)
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36
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Richaud A, Méndez F, Barba-Behrens N, Florian P, Medina-Campos ON, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Electrophilic Modulation of the Superoxide Anion Radical Scavenging Ability of Copper(II) Complexes with 4-Methyl Imidazole. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2394-2401. [PMID: 33754722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Three Cu(II) coordination compounds with 4-methyl imidazole were obtained, such as [Cu(C4H6N2)4(NO3)2], [Cu(C4H6N2)4Br2], and [Cu(C4H6N2)4Cl2]. Crystallographic studies confirmed their structural similarity with Cu(II) in the active site of endogenous copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD). The superoxide anion radical (O2•-) scavenging activity was evaluated by the non-enzymatic experimental assay and followed the trend [Cu(C4H6N2)4(NO3)2] > [Cu(C4H6N2)4Br2] > [Cu(C4H6N2)4Cl2]. The density functional theory and the hard and soft acids and bases principle showed the importance of the electron-deficient character of Cu(II) in the chemical reactivity of the coordination compounds; Cu(II) is the softest site in the molecule and it is preferred for the nucleophilic and radical attacks of the soft O2•-. A simple rule was obtained: "the electron-deficient character of Cu(II) is the key index for the O2•- scavenging activity and is modulated by the electron-releasing counteranion effect on the coordination compound".
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlette Richaud
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, Ciudad de México 09340, México.,Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional. Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México.,Le Studium Research Fellow, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans & Tours, France.,CEMHTI-CNRS, 1 Avenue de La Recherche Scientifique, Orléans 45100, France
| | - Francisco Méndez
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-534, Ciudad de México 09340, México.,Le Studium Research Fellow, Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans & Tours, France.,CEMHTI-CNRS, 1 Avenue de La Recherche Scientifique, Orléans 45100, France
| | - Noráh Barba-Behrens
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional. Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Pierre Florian
- CEMHTI-CNRS, 1 Avenue de La Recherche Scientifique, Orléans 45100, France
| | - Omar N Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F. 04510, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D.F. 04510, México
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Miyamoto S, Lima RS, Inague A, Viviani LG. Electrophilic oxysterols: generation, measurement and protein modification. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:416-440. [PMID: 33494620 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1879387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian plasma membranes. Alterations in sterol metabolism or oxidation have been linked to various pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Unsaturated sterols are vulnerable to oxidation induced by singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. This process yields reactive sterol oxidation products, including hydroperoxides, epoxides as well as aldehydes. These oxysterols, in particular those with high electrophilicity, can modify nucleophilic sites in biomolecules and affect many cellular functions. Here, we review the generation and measurement of reactive sterol oxidation products with emphasis on cholesterol hydroperoxides and aldehyde derivatives (electrophilic oxysterols) and their effects on protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex Inague
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas G Viviani
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Prasse C. Reactivity-directed analysis - a novel approach for the identification of toxic organic electrophiles in drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:48-65. [PMID: 33432313 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water consumption results in exposure to complex mixtures of organic chemicals, including natural and anthropogenic chemicals and compounds formed during drinking water treatment such as disinfection by-products. The complexity of drinking water contaminant mixtures has hindered efforts to assess associated health impacts. Existing approaches focus primarily on individual chemicals and/or the evaluation of mixtures, without providing information about the chemicals causing the toxic effect. Thus, there is a need for the development of novel strategies to evaluate chemical mixtures and provide insights into the species responsible for the observed toxic effects. This critical review introduces the application of a novel approach called Reactivity-Directed Analysis (RDA) to assess and identify organic electrophiles, the largest group of known environmental toxicants. In contrast to existing in vivo and in vitro approaches, RDA utilizes in chemico methodologies that investigate the reaction of organic electrophiles with nucleophilic biomolecules, including proteins and DNA. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about the presence of electrophiles in drinking water, with a particular focus on their formation in oxidative treatment systems with ozone, advanced oxidation processes, and UV light, as well as disinfectants such as chlorine, chloramines and chlorine dioxide. This summary is followed by an overview of existing RDA approaches and their application for the assessment of aqueous environmental matrices, with an emphasis on drinking water. RDA can be applied beyond drinking water, however, to evaluate source waters and wastewater for human and environmental health risks. Finally, future research demands for the detection and identification of electrophiles in drinking water via RDA are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering and Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD-21318, USA.
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39
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Gajewicz-Skretna A, Gromelski M, Wyrzykowska E, Furuhama A, Yamamoto H, Suzuki N. Aquatic toxicity (Pre)screening strategy for structurally diverse chemicals: global or local classification tree models? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111738. [PMID: 33396066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With an ever-increasing number of synthetic chemicals being manufactured, it is unrealistic to expect that they will all be subjected to comprehensive and effective risk assessment. A shift from conventional animal testing to computer-aided methods is therefore an important step towards advancing the environmental risk assessments of chemicals. The aims of this study are two-fold: firstly, it examines the relationships between structural and physicochemical features of a diverse set of organic chemicals, and their acute aquatic toxicity towards Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes using a classification tree approach. Secondly, it compares the efficiency and accuracy of the predictions of two modeling schemes: local models that are inherently restricted to a smaller subset of structurally-related substances, and a global model that covers a wider chemical space and a number of modes of toxic action. The classification tree-based models differentiate the organic chemicals into either 'highly toxic' or 'low to non-toxic' classes, based on internal and external validation criteria. These mechanistically-driven models, which demonstrate good performance, reveal that the key factors driving acute aquatic toxicity are lipophilicity, electrophilic reactivity, molecular polarizability and size. A comparative analysis of the performance of the two modeling schemes indicates that the local models, trained on homogeneous data sets, are less error prone, and therefore superior to the global model. Although the global models showed worse performance metrics compared to the local ones, their applicability domain is much wider, thereby significantly increasing their usefulness in practical applications for regulatory purposes. This demonstrates their advantage over local models and shows they are an invaluable tool for modeling heterogeneous chemical data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gromelski
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wyrzykowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ayako Furuhama
- Division of Genetics and Mutagenesis, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Suzuki
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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40
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Conti P. Covalent inhibitors of GAPDH: From unspecific warheads to selective compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112740. [PMID: 32898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting glycolysis is an attractive approach for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, such as various tumors and parasitic infections. Due to its pivotal role in the glycolysis, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a rate-limiting enzyme in those cells that mostly, or exclusively rely on this pathway for energy production. In this context, GAPDH inhibition can be a valuable approach for the development of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. In addition to its glycolytic role, GAPDH possesses several moonlight functions, whose deregulation is involved in some pathological conditions. Covalent modification on different amino acids of GAPDH, in particular on cysteine residues, can lead to a modulation of the enzyme activity. The selectivity towards specific cysteine residues is essential to achieve a specific phenotypic effect. In this work we report an extensive overview of the latest advances on the numerous compounds able to inhibit GAPDH through the covalent binding to cysteine residues, ranging from endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, which may serve as pharmacological tools to actual drug-like compounds with promising therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, we focused on the potentialities of the different warheads, shedding light on the possibility to exploit a combination of a finely tuned electrophilic group with a well-designed recognition moiety. These findings can provide useful information for the rational design of novel covalent inhibitors of GAPDH, with the final goal to expand the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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41
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Decoding Aging: Understanding the Complex Relationship among Aging, Free Radicals, and GSH. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3970860. [PMID: 33110472 PMCID: PMC7578726 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3970860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N-aryl maleimides can undergo a 1,4-Michael-type addition reaction with reduced glutathione (GSH), leading to a decreased concentration of GSH and an increased concentration of free radicals (FRs) in cells. GSH is a critical scavenging molecule responsible for protecting cells from oxidation and for maintaining redox homeostasis. N-aryl maleimides disturb redox homeostasis in cells because they scavenge thiol-containing molecules, especially GSH. This study aimed at measuring the concentrations of GSH and FRs by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR), in the brain and liver tissue of male Wistar rats (ex vivo) at different ages and after treatment with 3,5-dimaleimylbenzoic acid (3,5-DMB). Our results showed a relationship between age and the concentrations of GSH and FRs in cells. In young rats, the concentration of GSH was higher than in old rats, while the concentration of FRs was higher in adult rats than in young rats, suggesting an inverse relationship between GSH and FRs. On the other hand, the reaction of 3,5-DMB (an electrophilic maleimide) with cellular GSH increased the FR content. The results of this study contribute to the awareness that the process of aging implies not only a loss of tissue function but also essential changes in the molecular contents of cells, especially the concentrations of FRs and GSH.
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42
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Johnstone AFM, Mack CM, Valdez MC, Shafer TJ, LoPachin RM, Herr DW, Kodavanti PRS. Acute in vitro effects on embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cultures by in silico predicted neurotoxic chemicals: Evaluations on cytotoxicity, neurite length, and neurophysiology. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 69:104989. [PMID: 32882341 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Hard-Soft Acid and Base hypothesis can be used to predict the potential bio-reactivity (electrophilicity) of a chemical with intracellular proteins, resulting in neurotoxicity. Twelve chemicals predicted to be neurotoxic were evaluated in vitro in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) for effects on cytotoxicity (%LDH), neuronal structure (total neurite length/neuron, NLPN), and neurophysiology (mean firing rate, MFR). DRGs were treated acutely on days in vitro (DIV) 7 (1-100 μM) with test chemical; %LDH and NLPN were measured after 48 h. 4-cyclohexylhexanone (4-C) increased %LDH release at 50 (29%) and 100 μM (56%), citronellal (Cit) and 1-bromopropane increased %LDH at 100 μM (22% and 26%). 4-C, Cit, 2,5 Hexanedione (2,5Hex), phenylacetylaldehyde (PAA) and 2-ethylhexanal decreased mean NLPN at 48 h; 50 and 100 μM for 4-C (28% and 60%), 100 μM Cit (52%), 100 μM 2,5- Hex (37%) 100 μM PAA (41%) and 100 μM for 2-ethylhexanal (23%). Separate DRG cultures were treated on DIV 14 and changes in MFR measured. Four compounds decreased MFR at 50 or 100 μM: Acrylamide (-83%), 3,4-dichloro-1-butene (-93%), 4-C (-89%) and hexane (-79%, 50 μM). Changes in MFR and NLPN occurred in absence of cytotoxicity. While the current study showed little cytotoxicity, it gave insight to initial changes in MFR. Results provide insight for future chronic exposure experiments to evaluate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F M Johnstone
- Clinical Research Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Cina M Mack
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Matthew C Valdez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Rapid Assay Development Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, CCTE/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467, United States of America
| | - David W Herr
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Neurological and Endocrine Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, CPHEA/ORD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
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Sabbioni G, Berset JD, Day BW. Is It Realistic to Propose Determination of a Lifetime Internal Exposome? Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2010-2021. [PMID: 32672951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of xenobiotics has been performed for many years in occupational and environmental medicine. It has revealed hidden exposures and the exposure of workers could be reduced. Although most of the toxic effects of chemicals on humans were discovered in workers, the scientific community has more recently focused on environmental samples. In several countries, urinary and blood samples have been collected and analyzed for xenobiotics. Health, biochemical, and clinical parameters were measured in the biomonitoring program of the Unites States. The data were collected and evaluated as group values, comparing races, ages, and gender. The term exposome was created in order to relate chemical exposure to health effects together with the terms genome, proteome, and transcriptome. Internal exposures were mostly established with snapshot measurements, which can lead to an obvious misclassification of the individual exposures. Albumin and hemoglobin adducts of xenobiotics reflect the exposure of a larger time frame, up to 120 days. It is likely that only a small fraction of xenobiotics form such adducts. In addition, adduct analyses are more work intensive than the measurement of xenobiotics and metabolites in urine and/or blood. New technology, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, will enable the discovery of new compounds that have been overlooked in the past, since over 300,000 chemicals are commercially available and most likely also present in the environment. Yet, quantification will be challenging, as it was for the older methods. At this stage, determination of a lifetime internal exposome is very unrealistic. Instead of an experimental approach with a large number of people, which is economically and scientifically not feasible, in silico methods should be developed further to predict exposure, toxicity, and potential health effects of mixtures. The computer models will help to focus internal exposure investigations on smaller groups of people and smaller number of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sabbioni
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland.,Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80336 München, Germany
| | - Jean-Daniel Berset
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, CH-6780 Airolo, Switzerland
| | - Billy W Day
- Medantox LLC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15241, United States.,ReNeuroGen LLC, Elm Grove, Wisconsin 53122, United States
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Melnikov F, Geohagen BC, Gavin T, LoPachin RM, Anastas PT, Coish P, Herr DW. Application of the hard and soft, acids and bases (HSAB) theory as a method to predict cumulative neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2020; 79:95-103. [PMID: 32380191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic electrophiles can form covalent adducts that may impair protein function, damage DNA, and may lead a range of adverse effects. Cumulative neurotoxicity is one adverse effect that has been linked to covalent protein binding as a Molecular Initiating Event (MIE). This paper describes a mechanistic in silico chemical screening approach for neurotoxicity based on Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) theory. We evaluated the applicability of HSAB-based electrophilicity screening protocol for neurotoxicity on 19 positive and 19 negative reference chemicals. These reference chemicals were identified from the literature, using available information on mechanisms of neurotoxicity whenever possible. In silico screening was based on structural alerts for protein binding motifs and electrophilicity index in the range of known neurotoxicants. The approach demonstrated both a high positive prediction rate (82-90 %) and specificity (90 %). The overall sensitivity was relatively lower (47 %). However, when predicting the toxicity of chemicals known or suspected of acting via non-specific adduct formation mechanism, the HSAB approach identified 7/8 (sensitivity 88 %) of positive control chemicals correctly. Consequently, the HSAB-based screening is a promising approach of identifying possible neurotoxins with adduct formation molecular initiating events. While the approach must be expanded over time to capture a wider range of MIEs involved in neurotoxicity, the mechanistic nature of the screen allows users to flag chemicals for possible adduct formation MIEs. Thus, the HSAB based toxicity screening is a promising strategy for toxicity assessment and chemical prioritization in neurotoxicology and other health endpoints that involve adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor Melnikov
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
| | - Brian C Geohagen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, United States.
| | - Terrence Gavin
- Department of Chemistry, Iona College, 402 North Avenue, New Rochelle, NY, 10804, United States.
| | - Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, United States.
| | - Paul T Anastas
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - Phillip Coish
- School of Forestry and Environmental Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
| | - David W Herr
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, United States.
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45
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Geohagen BC, Weiser DA, Loeb DM, Nordstroem LU, LoPachin RM. Enolate-forming compounds provide protection from platinum neurotoxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108961. [PMID: 31978392 PMCID: PMC7069230 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CisPt) and other platinum (Pt)-based antineoplastic drugs (e.g., carboplatin, oxaliplatin) are highly effective and widely used in the treatment of solid tumors in both pediatric and adult patients. Although considered to be life-saving as a cancer treatment, Pt-based drugs frequently result in dose-limiting toxicities such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathies (CIPN). Specifically, irreversible damage to outer hair cells and injury of sensory neurons are linked to profound sensorineural hearing loss (ototoxicity), which complicates tumor management and can lead to a poor clinical prognosis. Given the severity of CIPN, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of neuroprotective compounds, regardless clinical results have been underwhelming. It is noteworthy that Pt is a highly reactive electrophile (electron deficient) that causes toxicity by forming adducts with nucleophilic (electron rich) targets on macromolecules. In this regard, we have discovered a series of carbon-based enol nucleophiles; e.g., N-(4-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-oxocytclopentane-1-carboxamide (Gavinol), that can prevent neurotoxicity by scavenging the platinum ion. The chemistry of enol compounds is well understood and mechanistic research has demonstrated the role of this chemistry in cytoprotection. Our cell-derived data were corroborated by calculations of hard and soft, acids and bases (HSAB) parameters that describe the electronic character of interacting electrophiles and nucleophiles. Together, these observations indicate that the respective mechanisms of Pt neurotoxicity and antitumor activity are separable and can therefore be affected independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Geohagen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
| | - David M Loeb
- Departments of Pediatrics and Developmental & Molecular Biology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Lars U Nordstroem
- The Chemical Synthesis & Biology Core Facility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
| | - Richard M LoPachin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA
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Li Y, Pan H, Li X, Jiang N, Huang L, Lu Y, Shi F. Role of intestinal microbiota-mediated genipin dialdehyde intermediate formation in geniposide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 377:114624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Altunay N, Elik A, Gürkan R. Natural deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted-microextraction for extraction, pre-concentration and analysis of methylmercury and total mercury in fish and environmental waters by spectrophotometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1079-1097. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1619939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nail Altunay
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Adil Elik
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gürkan
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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