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Sani A, Lawal Abdullahi I, Darma AI. Hepatotoxicity and ALAD Activity Profile for Prediction of NOAEL of Metal Welding Fumes in Albino Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1781-1791. [PMID: 35525901 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal fume pollutants of urban Kano, a city of over 10 million people, and widespread metal works have increased exposure with related health effects. Few data on metal fume toxicity and atmospheric levels have been documented in Nigeria and Kano in particular. Hence, the work was aimed at evaluating the metal fume toxicity to laboratory rat species for setting the permissible limit of exposure in urban Kano. The investigation involved the collection of metal welding fumes and subsequent laboratory analysis. Experimental animals were then exposed intratracheally to varying doses of the fumes which were equivalent to normal metal workers' daily routine of 2, 4, and 8 h for 3, 5, 10, and 20 years. Following euthanization, whole blood samples were collected and functions of liver and delta-aminolevunilic acid dehydratase were evaluated in the serum. Exposure to the fumes has caused significant mortality that was observed to be dose-dependent and statistically different (p < 0.05); moreover, the fumes had synergistically affected the functions of liver. In addition, the fumes had increased (statistically) the activity delta-aminolevinilic acid dehydratase. This has indicated that exposure to metal welding fumes being multi-elemental is toxic and had produced mortality at exposure to higher doses of metal welding fumes. It was therefore established from the study that no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for metal welding fumes is 25.73 mg with LD50 of 270 mg which corresponds to the metal worker's 4-h shifts daily for 5 years under existing working conditions. It was recommended that regular monitoring should be put in place to limit exposure and extent of engagement in metal works beyond NOAEL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sani
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronics, Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University Kano, P.M.B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria.
| | | | - Aminu Inuwa Darma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Liu Z, Wang H, Larsen M, Gunewardana S, Cendali FI, Reisz JA, Akiyama H, Behringer RR, Ma Q, Hammoud SS, Kumar TR. The solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is regulated by LH/androgen and required for cystine/glutathione homeostasis in mouse Sertoli cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 549:111641. [PMID: 35398053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates testosterone production from Leydig cells. Both LH and testosterone play important roles in spermatogenesis and male fertility. To identify LH - and testosterone - responsive transporter genes that play key roles in spermatogenesis, we performed large-scale gene expression analyses on testes obtained from adult control and Lhb knockout mice. We found a significant reduction in cystine/glutamate transporter encoding Slc7a11 mRNA in testes of Lhb null mice. We observed that Slc7a11/SLC7A11 expression was initiated pre-pubertally and developmentally regulated in mouse testis. Immunolocalization studies confirmed that SLC7A11 was mostly expressed in Sertoli cells in testes of control and germ cell-deficient mice. Western blot analyses indicated that SLC7A11 was significantly reduced in testes of mutant mice lacking either LH or androgen receptor selectively in Sertoli cells. Genetic and pharmacological rescue of Lhb knockout mice restored the testicular expression of Slc7a11 comparable to that observed in controls. Additionally, Slc7a11 mRNA was significantly suppressed upon Sertoli cell/testicular damage induced in mice by cadmium treatment. Knockdown of Slc7a11 in vitro in TM4 Sertoli cells or treatment of mice with sulfasalazine, a SLC7A11 inhibitor caused a significant reduction in intracellular cysteine and glutathione levels but glutamate content remained unchanged as determined by metabolomic analysis. Knockdown of Slc7a11 resulted in compensatory upregulation of other glutamate transporters belonging to the Slc1a family presumably to maintain intracellular glutamate levels. Collectively, our studies identified that SLC7A11 is an LH/testosterone-regulated transporter that is required for cysteine/glutathione but not glutamate homeostasis in mouse Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Liu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Huizen Wang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mark Larsen
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Sumedha Gunewardana
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Francesca I Cendali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Reisz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Haruhiko Akiyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianyi Ma
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - S Sue Hammoud
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Olaniyan OT, Ojewale AO, Eweoya OO, Adedoyin AA, Adesanya OA, Adeoye AO, Okeniran OS. Modulatory Role of Vitamin E on Proton Pump (ATPase) Activity of Cadmium Chloride-Induced Testicular Damage in Wistar Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4615384. [PMID: 33604374 PMCID: PMC7870308 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4615384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proton pumps are membrane-bound enzymes important in generating gradients that help in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, cell membrane potential, water, and solute transport across the cell surface. This study investigated the modulatory role of vitamin E on proton pump activity and reproductive parameters in cadmium-induced testicular damage. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200 g were sorted into 4 groups of five rats each. Group I served as the control and was given normal saline orally, Group II rats were treated with a single dose of 2 mg/kg BW cadmium chloride (CdCl2) intraperitoneally, Group III rats were given 100 mg/kg BW of vitamin E orally, and Group IV rats were given 100 mg/kg BW of vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to intraperitoneal administration of single dose of 2 mg/kg BW of cadmium chloride. The rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether, and blood samples were obtained for sex hormonal analysis; caudal epididymis was dissected for sperm count, motility, and viability, and the testis were homogenized for lipid peroxidation and proton pump (Na+/K+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase, and Mg2+ ATPase) activity. Proton pump activity was assayed spectrophotometrically using the Stewart method to determine the inorganic phosphate level. Histopathological changes of the testis were also studied. The group treated with CdCl2 showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in proton pump activity, sperm count, and motility and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde level when compared with the control group. The CdCl2-treated group also showed decrease reproductive organ weights and hormonal levels and cause necrosis of spermatogonia lining the seminiferous tubules. Rats treated with vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to CdCl2 exposure showed improvement in proton pump activity, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in sperm parameters and luteinizing hormonal level, and a decrease in the lipid peroxidation level as compared with the CdCl2 group. This study showed that vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effect of CdCl2 on proton pump activity in the testes, hence improving testicular integrity, structures, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbemi T. Olaniyan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Physiology and Developmental Programming, Department of Physiology, Edo University Iyamho, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Olugbenga O. Eweoya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
| | | | | | - Azeez O. Adeoye
- Department of Anatomy, Kampala International University, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Khorami H, Eidi A, Mortazavi P, Modaresi M. Effect of sodium molybdate on cadmium-related testicular damage in adult male Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126621. [PMID: 32683227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molybdenum, as a trace element, has various pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, antiviral, anti-allergic, anti-osteoporosis, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and free radical-scavenging activities. This study aimed at investigating the sodium molybdate impacts on cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced testicular toxicity in adult Wistar rats. METHODS The impacts of oral administration of sodium molybdate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg) was evaluated in healthy and infertile animals. Animals were randomly assigned to nine groups, including healthy control, sodium molybdate alone, infertile control (3 mg/kg of CdCl2), and sodium molybdate plus CdCl2. Following 30 days of administration, animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological assays. RESULTS The results indicated that administration of sodium molybdate to infertile rats significantly mitigated the cadmium impacts on sperm appearance, concentration, and motility parameters. Also, sodium molybdate reduced the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities in the testicular homogenates in rats; these findings were supported by histopathological examinations. Treatment with sodium molybdate significantly increased aquaporin-9 (AQP9) expression in the testicular tissues of infertile rats. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggested that sodium molybdate performs as a strong protective agent from CdCl2-related testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hormat Khorami
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pejman Mortazavi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Modaresi
- Department of Psychology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Tiezza MD, Ribaudo G, Orian L. Organodiselenides: Organic Catalysis and Drug Design Learning from Glutathione Peroxidase. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666180803123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Organodiselenides are an important class of compounds characterized by the
presence of two adjacent covalently bonded selenium nuclei. Among them,
diaryldiselenides and their parent compound diphenyl diselenide attract continuing interest
in chemistry as well as in close disciplines like medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and
biochemistry. A search in SCOPUS database has revealed that in the last three years 105
papers have been published on the archetypal diphenyl diselenide and its use in organic
catalysis and drug tests. The reactivity of the Se-Se bond and the redox properties of selenium
make diselenides efficient catalysts for numerous organic reactions, such as Bayer-
Villiger oxidations of aldehydes/ketones, epoxidations of alkenes, oxidations of alcohols
and nitrogen containing compounds. In addition, organodiselenides might find application
as mimics of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a family of enzymes, which, besides performing other functions,
regulate the peroxide tone in the cells and control the oxidative stress level. In this review, the essential synthetic
and reactivity aspects of organoselenides are collected and rationalized using the results of accurate
computational studies, which have been carried out mainly in the last two decades. The results obtained in
silico provide a clear explanation of the anti-oxidant activity of organodiselenides and more in general of their
ability to reduce hydroperoxides. At the same time, they are useful to gain insight into some aspects of the enzymatic
activity of the GPx, inspiring novel elements for rational catalyst and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dalla Tiezza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita degli Studi di, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Halder S, Kar R, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Cadmium level in brain correlates with memory impairment in F1 and F2 generation mice: improvement with quercetin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9632-9639. [PMID: 30734250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The increased exposure to cadmium (Cd) through environmental pollutants, food and cigarette smoke is a concern worldwide. The association of Cd with impaired learning disabilities led us to hypothesise that cadmium levels in brain tissue could be dose-dependently related to the extent of memory impairment and oxidative stress. In this study, we proposed to study whether cadmium exposure to dams could alter the brain Cd levels, memory parameters, antioxidant enzymes in brain and their gene expression in the F1-F2 generation mice and whether quercetin could modulate this effect. Animals were administered Cd alone and in combination with quercetin for 7 days during their gestation period. Their newborn pups (F1 and F2 mice) were reared until adulthood and were tested for memory using Morris water maze and step-down latency test. The brain tissue of F1 mice was collected. Cd levels were estimated using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. G-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) activity were measured and fold increase in their respective gene expression was observed using the RT-PCR method. Cd levels were significantly increased in the brain tissue of animals exposed to Cd but cotreatment with quercetin showed decreased levels in both generations. Memory impairment was observed in animals of F1 generation exposed to Cd and cotreatment with quercetin (100 mg/kg) reversed this effect. Cd exposure significantly enhanced both activity and expression of GST and CAT in the brain tissue of F1 generation mice and quercetin attenuated this effect. In F2 generation, results were variable. GST activity and expression increased with Cd and decreased with quercetin cotreatment. However, CAT activity showed no significant change despite a decrease in gene expression. Quercetin cotreatment enhanced activity as well gene expression in F2 generation. Our study insinuates that Cd levels could act as a predictor of memory impairment and altered enzyme activity and gene expression in brain tissue. Quercetin helped to reduce Cd levels in brain tissue of F1 and F2 generation and modulated the antioxidant system of the cell by affecting expression of antioxidant enzymes at the transcription level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | | | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, North Delhi Municipal Corporation Medical College and Hindu Rao Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Pramod K Mediratta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201306, India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India
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Olaniyan OT, Kunle-Alabi OT, Raji Y. Protective effects of methanol extract of Plukenetia conophora seeds and 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl on the reproductive function of male Wistar rats treated with cadmium chloride. JBRA Assist Reprod 2018; 22:289-300. [PMID: 30106540 PMCID: PMC6210618 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20180048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Male infertility caused by exposure to heavy metals is a current global issue. Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) negatively affects the male reproductive system. Many infertile people, especially in developing countries, resort to folkloric treatment. Plukenetia conophora is used in Nigerian folk medicine to promote fertility. This study investigated the effects of Plukenetia conophora (PC) and 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl (DDMP) on Wistar rats with cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage. METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats (150-190g) were divided into seven groups (n=6) and treated daily for 54 days as follows: Controls (normal saline); CdCl2 (2mg/kg single IP dose); CdCl2 + 200 mg/kg vitamin E; CdCl2 + 100 or 200 mg/kg PC; and CdCl2 + 25 or 50 mg/kg DDMP. The rats were sacrificed 55 days after the start of the study; Samples were collected for analysis. Biochemical parameters malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, antioxidant enzymes, and proton pumps were measured by spectrophotometry. Reproductive hormones were measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using ANOVA and differences in mean values were considered significant at p<0.05. RESULTS Significant increases in sperm count, motility, and viability were observed in the groups given CdCl2+Vitamin E, CdCl2+PC or CdCl2+DDMP as compared with the CdCl2 group. Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in the groups treated with CdCl2+PC or CdCl2+DDMP decreased significantly when compared with the group given CdCl2. Significant increases were observed in antioxidant enzymes, proton pump, and testosterone in the groups treated with CdCl2+PC or CdCl2+DDMP, respectively. CONCLUSION Plukenetia conophora alleviated male reproductive toxicity induced by cadmium chloride in Wistar rats. 4H-Pyran-4-One 2,3-Dihydro-3,5-Dihydroxy-6-Methyl present in Plukenetia conophora may be responsible for the ameliorative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbemi Tope Olaniyan
- Department of Physiology, Bingham University Karu, Nasarawa State,
Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State,
Nigeria
| | | | - Yinusa Raji
- Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State,
Nigeria
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Varoni MV, Gadau SD, Pasciu V, Baralla E, Serra E, Palomba D, Demontis MP. Investigation of the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides against cadmium induced damage in testis. Exp Mol Pathol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abdelrazek HM, Helmy SA, Elsayed DH, Ebaid HM, Mohamed RM. Ameliorating effects of green tea extract on cadmium induced reproductive injury in male Wistar rats with respect to androgen receptors and caspase- 3. Reprod Biol 2016; 16:300-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Halder S, Kar R, Galav V, Mehta AK, Bhattacharya SK, Mediratta PK, Banerjee BD. Cadmium exposure during lactation causes learning and memory-impairment in F1 generation mice: amelioration by quercetin. Drug Chem Toxicol 2015; 39:272-8. [PMID: 26446883 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known pollutant present in the environment at low levels and is reported to affect reproduction in many ways. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of Cd in F1 generation mice on cognitive parameters, and to further investigate whether quercetin could modulate these effects. In this study, female lactating mice were exposed to cadmium for seven days just after delivery. The new born pups in their adulthood were tested for learning and memory parameters by passive avoidance task and Morris water maze (MWM) test. It was observed that pups exposed to Cd showed significant impairment of memory in step down latency test, which was reversed by quercetin (100 mg/kg). In MWM test for spatial memory, animals exposed to Cd exhibited increased escape latency, which was reversed by quercetin (50 mg/kg) significantly. Quercetin alone (50 and 100 mg/kg) also demonstrated improved spatial memory, and showed improved retention memory in the passive avoidance paradigm at dose 50 mg/kg. On testing oxidative stress parameters, we observed significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain tissue of Cd-treated mice. Moreover, co-treatment with quercetin (50 mg/kg) and Cd significantly reduced these MDA levels. The other doses (25 and 100 mg/kg) also showed reduction in MDA levels as compared to the group exposed to Cd alone, though the difference was not statistically significant. Hence, this study highlights the possibility of cognitive impairment in adulthood if there is Cd exposure during lactation and oxidative stress could possibly attribute to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Halder
- a Department of Pharmacology , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Rajarshi Kar
- b Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Vikas Galav
- c Central Animal House, University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Ashish K Mehta
- d Department of Pharmacology , Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, Safdarjung Hospital , New Delhi , India , and
| | - Swapan K Bhattacharya
- a Department of Pharmacology , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
| | - Pramod K Mediratta
- e Department of Pharmacology , School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Basu D Banerjee
- b Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences and G. T. B. Hospital , New Delhi , India
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Djuric A, Begic A, Gobeljic B, Stanojevic I, Ninkovic M, Vojvodic D, Pantelic A, Zebic G, Prokic V, Dejanovic B, Stojanovic I, Pavlica M, Djukic D, Saso L, Djurdjevic D, Pavlovic M, Topic A, Vujanovic D, Stevnovic I, Djukic M. Oxidative stress, bioelements and androgen status in testes of rats subacutely exposed to cadmium. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:25-33. [PMID: 26385724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to examine testicular toxicity of cadmium (Cd), focusing on oxidative stress (OS), essential metals and androgenic status and morphological changes. Male Wistar rats [controls and four Cd-subgroups (n = 6) organized according to the exposure (1, 3, 10 and 21 days)] were intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with 1 mg CdCl2/kg/day. Testicular Cd deposition was noticed from the 1st day. After 10 and 21 days, copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) increased by 60-109% and 43-67%, respectively, while zinc (Zn) decreased by 24-33%. During 1-21 days of the exposure, decrease in testicular total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities occurred gradually by 30-78% and 15-84%, respectively, while superoxide anion radical (O2(-)) increased gradually by 114-271%. After 10-21 days, decrease in testicular catalase (CAT) activity appeared by 13-31%. After 21 days, malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased by 44% and the ratio of oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSG/GSH) increased by 130% in testes of the rats exposed to Cd. Additionally, decreased testicular testosterone level and the relative testes mass, along with induced microscopic and macroscopic changes were occured, what can be explained as the consequence of instantly developed OS, impaired essential metals status and Cd testicular deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Djuric
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aida Begic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Borko Gobeljic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Pantelic
- Department for Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Zebic
- Department for Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
| | - Vera Prokic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bratislav Dejanovic
- Military Medical Center "Karaburma", Severni bulevar 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Marina Pavlica
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 9, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Dusan Djukic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 9, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Dragan Djurdjevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Pavlovic
- Department of Reproduction, Fertility and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Topic
- Department for Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vujanovic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevnovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Djukic
- Department for Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Fiuza TDL, Oliveira CS, da Costa M, Oliveira VA, Zeni G, Pereira ME. Effectiveness of (PhSe)2 in protect against the HgCl2 toxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2015; 29:255-62. [PMID: 24954677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the preventive effect of diphenyl diselenide [(PhSe)2] on renal and hepatic toxicity biomarkers and oxidative parameters in adult mice exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2). Selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) determination was also carried out. Mice received a daily oral dose of (PhSe)2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or canola oil for five consecutive days. During the following five days, the animals were treated with a daily subcutaneous dose of HgCl2 (5.0mg/kg/day) or saline (0.9%). Twenty-four hours after the last HgCl2 administration, the animals were sacrificed and biological material was obtained. Concerning toxicity biomarkers, Hg exposure inhibited blood δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and also increased serum creatinine levels. (PhSe)2 partially prevented blood δ-ALA-D inhibition and totally prevented the serum creatinine increase. Regarding the oxidative parameters, Hg decreased kidney TBARS levels and increased kidney non-protein thiol levels, while (PhSe)2 pre-treatment partially protected the kidney thiol levels increase. Animals exposed to HgCl2 presented Hg content accumulation in blood, kidney and liver. The (PhSe)2 pre-treatment increased Hg accumulation in kidney and decreased in blood. These results show that (PhSe)2 can be efficient in protecting against these toxic effects presented by this Hg exposure model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago da Luz Fiuza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Sirlene Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor Antunes Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gilson Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ester Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Protective effect of quercetin in ecto-enzymes, cholinesterases, and myeloperoxidase activities in the lymphocytes of rats exposed to cadmium. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 396:201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Othman MS, Nada A, Zaki HS, Abdel Moneim AE. Effect of Physalis peruviana L. on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:278-87. [PMID: 24728876 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species and causes tissue damage. We investigated here the protective effect of Physalis peruviana L. (family Solanaceae) against cadmium-induced testes toxicity in rats. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were used. They were divided into four groups (n=7). Group 1 was used as control. Group 2 was intraperitoneally injected with 6.5 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of cadmium chloride for 5 days. Group 3 was orally treated with 200 mg/kg bwt of methanolic extract of physalis (MEPh). Group 4 was pretreated with MEPh before cadmium for 5 days. Changes in body and testes weights were determined. Oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes, and testosterone level were measured. Histopathological changes of testes were examined, and the immunohistochemical staining for the proapoptotic (caspase-3) protein was performed. The injection of cadmium caused a significant decrease in body weight, while a significant increase in testes weight and testes weight index was observed. Pretreatment with MEPh was associated with significant reduction in the toxic effects of Cd as shown by reduced testicular levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and caspase-3 expression and increased glutathione content, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and testosterone were also increased. Testicular histopathology showed that Cd produced an extensive germ cell apoptosis, and the pretreatment of MEPh in Cd-treated rats significantly reduced Cd-induced testicular damage. On the basis of the above results, it can be hypothesized that P. peruviana L. has a protective effect against cadmium-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Othman
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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Chakraborty S, Gang S, Sengupta M. Functional status of testicular macrophages in an immunopriviledged niche in cadmium intoxicated murine testes. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:14-21. [PMID: 24629031 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The present study investigates the extent of immunomodulatory effects associated with semenological alterations in the testes, after exposure to cadmium (in vivo) in male Swiss albino mice. Despite residing in an immunopriviledged site, testicular macrophages have immunogenic functions. METHODS OF STUDY Experimental animals were divided into two groups: (i) control (isotonic saline) and (ii) treated (0.35 mg/kg b.w of cadmium chloride) intraperitoneally for 15 days. Murine testicular macrophages were isolated and the cell function studies such as morphological alteration and tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-α) release assay were performed. Among the semenological parameters, sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology and the testosterone levels in the epididymal semen samples from both groups were determined. RESULTS The present work shows that cadmium is responsible for a significant alteration, degenerative changes and reduced cell function in testicular macrophages probably by increasing oxidative damage. Such oxidative stress also causes a parallel dysfunction of the semenological parameters. CONCLUSION TNF-α which is probably unable to bind with the surface receptor in testicular macrophages as because of altered structural morphology with reduction of cell function, render the animals more prone to infection and ultimately causes subfertility.
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Merra E, Calzaretti G, Bobba A, Storelli MM, Casalino E. Antioxidant role of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress in cadmium-intoxicated rats: different effect in spleen and testes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:420-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.878950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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17
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Haouem S, El Hani A. Effect of Cadmium on Lipid Peroxidation and on Some Antioxidants in the Liver, Kidneys and Testes of Rats Given Diet Containing Cadmium-polluted Radish Bulbs. J Toxicol Pathol 2013; 26:359-64. [PMID: 24526808 PMCID: PMC3921918 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cadmium (Cd), incorporated in radish bulbs, on malondialdehyde and glutathione levels and on superoxide dismutase activity in the liver, kidneys and testes of male rats. The control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulbs for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing Cd-polluted radish bulbs (1.1 mg Cd/g of diet) for the same periods as in the controls. At each time point, rats were euthanized and the liver, kidneys and testes were removed. The results indicated that the body weight gain of contaminated rats was identical to that of the control rats. Cd concentrations in the liver, kidneys and testes increased significantly and gradually from the 4th to 12th week of treatment. Malondialdehyde concentrations decreased significantly in the liver and increased significantly in the kidneys and testes after 12 weeks of treatment, while glutathione levels increased significantly in the liver, and decreased significantly in the kidneys and testes at the same time. No changes were observed in SOD activity in the liver, while in the kidneys and testes, this activity was increased after 12 weeks of treatment as compared with the control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Haouem
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Abdelhamid El Hani
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisie
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Gao D, Xu Z, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang Y, Min W. Molecular cloning, immunohistochemical localization, characterization and expression analysis of caspase-9 from the purse red common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to cadmium. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 142-143:53-62. [PMID: 23958785 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-9, the essential initiator caspase is believed to play a central role in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis signaling. In this study, we isolated the caspase-9 gene from common carp, one of the most important industrial aquatic animals in China using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The deduced amino acid sequence of caspase-9, composed of 436 amino acids, showed approximately 47.6% identity and 64.7% similarity to human caspase-9. It also possessed a conserved caspase-associated recruitment domain (CARD), a large subunit and a small subunit. Phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that caspase-9 formed a clade with cyprinid fish caspase-9. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that caspase-9 transcripts were not significantly increased in kidney after exposure to cadmium (Cd). Whereas caspase-9 cleaved fragments were detected using Western blot analysis with the same Cd treatment condition. Furthermore, the result of immunohistochemical detection showed immunoreactivities were predominantly limited to the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells and no remarkable changes of immunopositive staining were observed after Cd treatment. Accordingly, the results signify that caspase-9 may play an essential role in Cd induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Gao
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
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El-Refaiy AI, Eissa FI. Histopathology and cytotoxicity as biomarkers in treated rats with cadmium and some therapeutic agents. Saudi J Biol Sci 2013; 20:265-80. [PMID: 23961244 PMCID: PMC3730709 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and zinc (Zn) against cadmium (Cd) induced histopathological changes in tissues of liver, kidney, lung and testis of rats as well as chromosomal aberrations. For this purpose, 60 male albino rats were divided into six groups; each group contained 10 animals. The first group served as control and was given only distilled water. The second and third groups received distilled water supplemented with 2 g ascorbic acid/l and 500 mg Zn/l, respectively. The fourth group received a daily oral dose containing 3 mg Cd/kg b.w. (1/30 LD50). The fifth group received Cd + ascorbic acid (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. + 2 g ascorbic acid/l), while the sixth group received Cd + Zn (3 mg Cd/kg b.w. +500 mg Zn/l). The treatment in all groups lasted for 90 consecutive days. Rats exposed to cadmium showed severe histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, lung and testicular tissues as well as chromosomal aberrations such as: break, ring, centromeric separation and polyploidy. Co-treatment with zinc partially improved the histopathological changes and chromosomal aberrations while co-treatment with vitamin C exhibited a more protective role and markedly reduced tissues damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal I. El-Refaiy
- Biol. and Environ. Sci. Dept., Fac. of Home Economic, Al-Azhar Univ., 31511 Tanta, Egypt
- Biol. Dept., Fac. of Arts and Sciences-Khafji, Dammam Univ., 31971, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawzy I. Eissa
- Environ. and Bio-agric. Dept., Fac. of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., 11884 Nasr city, Cairo, Egypt
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Ivanova J, Gluhcheva Y, Tsanova D, Piskova A, Djaleva R, Mokresheva S, Kamenova D, Mitewa M. On the effect of chelating agents and antioxidants on cadmium-induced organ toxicity. An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.4.1.74-84.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Spiazzi CC, Manfredini V, Barcellos da Silva FE, Flores EMM, Izaguirry AP, Vargas LM, Soares MB, Santos FW. γ-Oryzanol protects against acute cadmium-induced oxidative damage in mice testes. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:526-32. [PMID: 23395783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal that is present at low levels mainly in food and water and also in cigar smoke. The present study evaluated the testicular damage caused by acute cadmium exposure and verified the protective role of γ-oryzanol (ORY). Mice were administrated with a single dose of 2.5mg/kg of CdCl2, and then treated with ORY (50mM in canola oil, 5mL/kg). Testes were removed after 24h and tested for lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein carbonylation, DNA breakage, ascorbic acid, cadmium and non-proteic thiols contents, and for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and δ-aminolevulic acid dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). Cadmium presented a significant alteration in all parameters, except GPx and CAT activities. Therapy reduced in a slight degree cadmium concentration in testes (around 23%). ORY restored SOD and GST activities as well as TBARS production to the control levels. Furthermore, ORY partially recovered δ-ALA-D activity inhibited by cadmium. This study provides the first evidence on the therapeutic properties of ORY in protecting against cadmium-induced testicular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano C Spiazzi
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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22
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Wang J, Wang Q, Li J, Shen Q, Wang F, Wang L. Cadmium induces hydrogen peroxide production and initiates hydrogen peroxide-dependent apoptosis in the gill of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2012; 156:195-201. [PMID: 22692000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a well-known toxic heavy metal that accumulates in the aquatic environment. Cd has been reported to induce oxidative damage and apoptosis. We investigated the regulation mechanism of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) on Cd-induced apoptosis. We show that in the gills of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense Cd induced apoptosis, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, as confirmed by DNA fragmentation analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, Cd caused production of H(2)O(2) after 2 h of treatment at 58 mg L(-1) Cd, and significantly increased the caspase-3/8/9 activity in crabs relative to the control group. Pre-treatment with the scavenger for H(2)O(2), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), effectively inhibited the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, eventually blocked Cd-induced DNA fragmentation and the appearance of markers for apoptotic cell death. These results suggest that Cd might induce intracellular H(2)O(2) generation to trigger the crab apoptotic processes by regulating the activities of caspase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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23
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de Freitas ML, da Silva ARH, Roman SS, Brandão R. Effects of 4,4'-dichloro-diphenyl diselenide (ClPhSe)2 on toxicity induced by mercuric chloride in mice: a comparative study with diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2012; 34:985-994. [PMID: 22981437 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 4,4'-dichloro-diphenyl diselenide (ClPhSe)(2) on the toxicity induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl(2)) were investigated and compared with diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2). Mice received HgCl(2) for three days and, on the third day, received (PhSe)(2) or (ClPhSe)(2). The results verified that the administration of (ClPhSe)(2) in mice exposed to HgCl(2) increased renal δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D), Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activities and non-protein thiol (NPSH) levels and also decreased thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and ascorbic acid levels, when compared to mice exposed to HgCl(2)+(PhSe)(2). Plasma and urinary protein, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and histological parameters were also ameliorated in mice exposed to HgCl(2)+(ClPhSe)(2). In addition, the hepatic damage in mice exposed to HgCl(2)+(PhSe)(2) was reduced in animals exposed to (ClPhSe)(2). To sum up, the introduction of a functional group (chloro) in the aromatic ring of diaryl diselenide reduced the toxicity of this compound in liver and kidney of mice exposed to HgCl(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara L de Freitas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900 RS, Brazil
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Vargas LM, Soares MB, Izaguirry AP, Lüdtke DS, Braga HC, Savegnago L, Wollenhaupt S, Brum DDS, Leivas FG, Santos FW. Cadmium inhibits the ovary δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activityin vitroandex vivo: protective role of seleno-furanoside. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:679-84. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Musacchio Vargas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Melina Bucco Soares
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | | | - Hugo C. Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); CEP 05508-900; São Paulo; SP; Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - CDTEc, Unidade: Biotecnologia; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel); CEP: 96010-900; Pelotas; RS; Brazil
| | - Suzi Wollenhaupt
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Daniela dos Santos Brum
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Fábio Gallas Leivas
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana; Universidade Federal do Pampa; CEP 97500-970; Uruguaiana; RS; Brazil
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25
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de Freitas ML, Dalmolin L, Oliveira LP, da Rosa Moreira L, Roman SS, Soares FAA, Bresolin L, Duarte MMMF, Brandão R. Effects of butane-2,3-dione thiosemicarbazone oxime on testicular damage induced by cadmium in mice. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:899-910. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Lutchemeyer de Freitas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Laíza Dalmolin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Lia Pavelacki Oliveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Laís da Rosa Moreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
| | - Silvane Souza Roman
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões,Campus de Erechim, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Bresolin
- Departamento de Química, Fundação Universidade de Rio Grande, Campus Carreiros, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Brandão
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Brazil
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Wang L, Xu T, Lei WW, Liu DM, Li YJ, Xuan RJ, Ma JJ. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in the testis of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27853. [PMID: 22132153 PMCID: PMC3222638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic environmental and industrial pollutants, is known to exert gonadotoxic and spermiotoxic effects. In the present study, we examined the toxic effect of Cd on the testis of freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense. Crabs were exposed to different Cd concentrations (from 0 to 116.00 mg·L(-1)) for 7 d. Oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in the testes were detected. The activities of SOD, GPx and CAT initially increased and subsequently decreased with increasing Cd concentrations, which was accompanied with the increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H(2)O(2) content in a concentration-dependent manner. Typical morphological characteristic and physiological changes of apoptosis were observed using a variety of methods (HE staining, AO/EB double fluorescent staining, Transmission Electron Microscope observation and DNA fragmentation analysis), and the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased in a concentration-dependent manner after Cd exposure. These results led to the conclusion that Cd could induced oxidative damage as well as apoptosis in the testis, and the apoptotic processes may be mediated via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway by regulating the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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Shagirtha K, Pari L. Hesperetin, a citrus flavonone, protects potentially cadmium induced oxidative testicular dysfunction in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:2105-2111. [PMID: 21719105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the protective effect of hesperetin (Hp) on cadmium (Cd) induced oxidative testicular toxicity in rats. Subcutaneous administration of Cd (3mg/kg body weight) for 21 days significantly elevated the levels of oxidative stress markers, Cd concentration in testis and lowered the levels of enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants and membrane bound enzymes in the testicular tissue. Hp administrated orally along with Cd injection for 21 days, significantly revert back the status of oxidative stress markers, Cd concentration in testis, improved status of antioxidant markers and membrane bound enzymes in the testis to near normal level. The histopathological studies in the testis of rats also supported that Hp (40 mg/kg) markedly reduced the toxicity of Cd and preserved the normal histoarchitecture pattern of the testis. Thus, the results suggest that Hp acts as a potent antioxidative agent against Cd induced testicular toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalist Shagirtha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608002, Tamilnadu, India
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Aitken RJ, Roman SD. Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2011; 1:15-24. [PMID: 19794904 PMCID: PMC2715191 DOI: 10.4161/oxim.1.1.6843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R John Aitken
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Ponnusamy M, Pari L. Protective role of diallyl tetrasulfide on cadmium-induced testicular damage in adult rats: A biochemical and histological study. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 27:407-16. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233710387633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative damage is the most serious problem that leads to reproductive system failure in both human and animals. Our previous studies indicate that diallyl tetrasulfide (DTS) from garlic has the cytoprotective and antioxidant activity against Cd-induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro. The present investigation was carried out to find the influence of DTS on peroxidative damage induced by Cd in rat testes. The Cd-exposed rat testis showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in testes to body weight ratio, along with a significant (p < 0.05) increase in Cd accumulation, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels. In Cd-exposed rats, we also observed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione metabolizing (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) enzymes as well as reduced levels of non-enzymic (reduced glutathione, ascorbate and total sulphydryl groups) antioxidants. In contrast, treatment with DTS (40 mg/kg body weight orally) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the accumulation of Cd and lipid peroxidation markers and also significantly improved the activities of antioxidant defense system in testes. Testicular protection by DTS is further substantiated by remarkable reduction of Cd-induced pathological changes. Our study has revealed that DTS renders protection against Cd-induced testicular injury by reducing Cd-mediated oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA, , Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Luchese C, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide in its selenol form has dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione S-transferase-like activity dependent on the glutathione content. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1146-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The antioxidant action of diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)2) is attributed to the mechanism by which (PhSe)2 has pharmacological activity. Although (PhSe)2 has glutathione peroxidase mimetic activity, the exact mechanism involved in its antioxidant effect has not yet been completely elucidated. In the present study, mechanisms involved in the antioxidant property of (PhSe)2 (1–50 µm) were investigated.
Methods
Dehydroascorbate (DHA) reductase- and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-like activity, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical-scavenging activity and the protection against the oxidation of Fe2+ were evaluated.
Key findings
(PhSe)2 at concentrations equal to, or greater than, 5 µm showed DHA reductase- and GST-like activity. (PhSe)2 was not a scavenger of DPPH or ABTS radicals and did not protect against the oxidation of Fe2+.
Conclusions
These results clearly indicated that DHA reductase- and GST-like activity are the mechanisms involved in the antioxidant effect of (PhSe)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Luchese
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Braga HC, Stefani HA, Paixão MW, Santos FW, Lüdtke DS. Synthesis of 5′-seleno-xylofuranosides. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Testicular toxicity induced by dietary cadmium in cocks and ameliorative effect by selenium. Biometals 2010; 23:695-705. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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33
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Ognjanović BI, Marković SD, Ethordević NZ, Trbojević IS, Stajn AS, Saicić ZS. Cadmium-induced lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant defense system in the rat testes: protective role of coenzyme Q(10) and vitamin E. Reprod Toxicol 2009; 29:191-7. [PMID: 19958828 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10), 20mg/kg) and Vitamin E (Vit E, 20 IU/kg) alone or in combination against cadmium (Cd, 0.4 mg/kg) induced lipid peroxidation and changes in antioxidant defense system in the rat testes. The obtained results showed that Cd increased lipid peroxidation in the testes, suggesting that Cd-induced oxidative stress, while CoQ(10) and Vit E treatment reversed this change to control values. Acute intoxication with Cd was followed by significantly decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST). Vitamins C and E concentrations also significantly declined in Cd-exposed rat testes. Treatment with CoQ(10) and Vit E reversed Cd-induced alterations of antioxidant defense system and significantly prevented Cd-induced testes damage. These results suggest that both CoQ(10) and Vit E function as a potent antioxidant in protection of rats testes against the oxidative stress induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka I Ognjanović
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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34
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Brandão R, Borges LP, Nogueira CW. Concomitant administration of sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulphonate (DMPS) and diphenyl diselenide reduces effectiveness of DMPS in restoring damage induced by mercuric chloride in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Brandão R, Santos FW, Oliveira R, Roman SS, Nogueira CW. Involvement of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the protective effect of diphenyl diselenide on testicular damage induced by cadmium in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2009; 23:324-33. [PMID: 19747628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in the protective effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2) on testicular damage caused by cadmium in mice was investigated. Mice received a single dose of CdCl(2) (5mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Thirty minutes after the CdCl(2) injection, they received a single oral dose of (PhSe)(2) (400micromol/kg). Twenty-four hours after CdCl(2) administration, blood samples were collected and mice were killed and had their testes dissected. Parameters in plasma (aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases and lactato dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as well as creatinine levels) were determined. The activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), the levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), ascorbic acid and nonprotein thiols (NPSH) and histological analysis were determined in collected samples. Results demonstrated that (PhSe)(2) protected against toxicity induced by CdCl(2) on delta-ALA-D activity, ascorbic acid and NPSH levels. (PhSe)(2) protected against the increase in plasma AST, ALT and LDH activities caused by CdCl(2). Testes of mice exposed to CdCl(2) showed marked histopathological alterations that were ameliorated by administration of (PhSe)(2). (PhSe)(2) protected against toxicity induced by CdCl(2) in testes of mice. Ascorbic acid and NPSH, non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, are involved in the protective effect of (PhSe)(2) against testicular damage caused by CdCl(2) in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Brandão
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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36
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Antioxidant systems and oxidative stress in the testes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 636:154-71. [PMID: 19856167 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09597-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Brandão R, Borges LP, Oliveira RD, Rocha JBT, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide protects against hematological and immunological alterations induced by mercury in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2008; 22:311-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Ardais AP, Santos FW, Nogueira CW. Ebselen attenuates cadmium-induced testicular damage in mice. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:322-8. [PMID: 17624921 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine if ebselen, an organoselenium compound with antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase-mimetic properties, attenuates testicular injury caused by intraperitoneal administration of CdCl(2). A number of toxicological parameters were evaluated in the testes of mice, such as delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid levels and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Ebselen attenuated lipid peroxidation levels altered by CdCl(2). delta-ALA-D activity inhibited by the highest dose of CdCl(2) was attenuated by ebselen. A significant negative correlation between lipid peroxidation levels and delta-ALA-D activity was observed. Ebselen restored ascorbic acid levels reduced by CdCl(2). A significant negative correlation between ascorbic acid levels and delta-ALA-D activity reinforces the idea that ebselen attenuated the damage induced by CdCl(2) via its antioxidant property. The significant correlation between ALT and delta-ALA-D activity supports the assumption that ebselen prevented damage caused by CdCl(2). The results show that ebselen attenuated oxidative stress, a process important for CdCl(2) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Ardais
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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39
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Borges LP, Brandão R, Godoi B, Nogueira CW, Zeni G. Oral administration of diphenyl diselenide protects against cadmium-induced liver damage in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 171:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Haouem S, Najjar MF, El Hani A, Sakly R. Accumulation of cadmium and its effects on testis function in rats given diet containing cadmium-polluted radish bulb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 59:307-11. [PMID: 18032002 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) incorporated in radish bulb and its effects on testes function in male rats. Control animals were given diet containing ordinary radish bulb for 4, 8 and 12 weeks, while contaminated animals were given diet containing Cd-polluted radish bulb (1.1 microg Cd/g of diet) for the same periods as in controls. At each time point, rats were killed and plasma was collected, and the testes and epididymides were removed. The findings indicated that the ratio of testes weight to body weight of contaminated rats was identical to that of control rats. Cd concentration in the testes significantly and gradually increased from the 4th to the 12th week of treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, plasma testosterone levels significantly increased, while epididymal sperm concentration significantly decreased in contaminated rats as compared to correspondent controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Haouem
- Departement de Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia.
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41
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Gurel E, Caner M, Bayraktar L, Yilmazer N, Dogruman H, Demirci C. Effects of artichoke extract supplementation on gonads of cadmium-treated rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 119:51-9. [PMID: 17914219 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 12/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine whether artichoke (Cynara scolymus) exerts a protective effect on gonads of cadmium-treated rats and if there is a relationship between artichoke supplementation and nitric oxide (NO) formation in cells. Forty Wistar albino male rats, weighing an average of 90 g each, were equally divided into four groups receiving 1 mg/100 g cadmium chloride by injection (group 1), the same dose CdCl2 plus 3 mg/100 g artichoke extract (group 2), the same dose of artichoke extract (group 3), and male controls (group 4). Four additional groups, labeled 5-8, consisted of identically treated and control female rats. After 4 weeks of treatment, the animals were killed and their gonads were removed for histological examination. As expected, the seminiferous tubules and Leydig cells were damaged by cadmium. Ovarian tissue was not damaged to the same extent as testicular cells. Artichoke extract exerted a clear protective effect against Cd-induced testicular damage and lowered NO production to the same level of that in the control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Gurel
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul 34459, Turkey.
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42
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Rosa RM, Hoch NC, Furtado GV, Saffi J, Henriques JAP. DNA damage in tissues and organs of mice treated with diphenyl diselenide. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2007; 633:35-45. [PMID: 17590383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Diphenyl diselenide (DPDS) is an organoselenium compound with interesting pharmacological activities and various toxic effects. In previous reports, we demonstrated the pro-oxidant action and the mutagenic properties of this molecule in bacteria, yeast and cultured mammalian cells. This study investigated the genotoxic effects of DPDS in multiple organs (brain, kidney, liver, spleen, testes and urinary bladder) and tissues (bone marrow, lymphocytes) of mice using in vivo comet assay, in order to determine the threshold of dose at which it has beneficial or toxic effects. We assessed the mechanism underlying the genotoxicity through the measurement of GSH content and thiobarbituric acid reactive species, two oxidative stress biomarkers. Male CF-1 mice were given 0.2-200 micromol/kg BW DPDS intraperitonially. DPDS induced DNA damage in brain, liver, kidney and testes in a dose response manner, in a broad dose range at 75-200 micromol/kg with the brain showing the highest level of damage. Overall, our analysis demonstrated a high correlation among decreased levels of GSH content and an increase in lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. This finding establishes an interrelationship between pro-oxidant and genotoxic effects. In addition, DPDS was not genotoxic and did not increase lipid peroxidation levels in any organs at doses < 50 micromol/kg. Finally, pre-treatment with N-acetyl-cysteine completely prevented DPDS-induced oxidative damage by the maintenance of cellular GSH levels, reinforcing the positive relationship of DPDS-induced GSH depletion and DNA damage. In summary, DPDS induces systemic genotoxicity in mammals as it causes DNA damage in vital organs like brain, liver, kidney and testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Moreira Rosa
- Departamento de Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Bairro Agronomia, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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43
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Rosa R, Roesler R, Braga A, Saffi J, Henriques J. Pharmacology and toxicology of diphenyl diselenide in several biological models. Braz J Med Biol Res 2007; 40:1287-304. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2006005000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R.M. Rosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
| | - R. Roesler
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - A.L. Braga
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - J. Saffi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Brasil
| | - J.A.P. Henriques
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Brasil
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44
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Luchese C, Brandão R, de Oliveira R, Nogueira CW, Santos FW. Efficacy of diphenyl diselenide against cerebral and pulmonary damage induced by cadmium in mice. Toxicol Lett 2007; 173:181-90. [PMID: 17822862 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine if diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2), an organoselenium compound, attenuates pulmonar and cerebral oxidative stress caused by sub-chronic exposure to CdCl(2). Male adult Swiss albino mice received CdCl(2) (10 micromol/kg, subcutaneously), 5 times/week, for 4 weeks. (PhSe)(2) (10 micromol/kg or 20 micromol/kg, orally) was given concomitantly with CdCl(2) to mice. A number of toxicological parameters in lung and brain of mice were examined including delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities, lipid peroxidation, non-protein thiols (NPSH) and ascorbic acid content. Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, [(3)H]glutamate uptake and [(3)H]glutamate release were also carried out in brain. Cadmium concentration and histopathological analysis were carried out in lung tissue. (PhSe)(2) at the dose of 20 micromol/kg protected the inhibition of delta-ALA-D, SOD and CAT activities, the reduction of vitamin C content and the increase of lipid peroxidation levels caused by CdCl(2) in lungs. At 10 micromol/kg, (PhSe)(2) protected cerebral AChE and CAT activities inhibited by CdCl(2). There were no histopathological alterations in the lung of mice after CdCl(2) exposure. The pulmonary cadmium concentration was higher (2.8-fold) in the group exposed to CdCl(2) than in control mice. (PhSe)(2) at dose of 20 micromol/kg reduced cadmium concentration towards the control level. The results suggest that oral administration of (PhSe)(2) attenuated the oxidative damage induced by CdCl(2) in lung and brain of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Luchese
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Konar V, Kara H, Yilmaz M, Dayangac A, Karatas F. Effects of selenium and vitamin E, in addition to melatonin, against oxidative stress caused by cadmium in rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 118:131-7. [PMID: 17873355 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-0009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 01/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin alone and vitamin E with selenium combination against high dose cadmium-induced oxidative stress in rats. The control group received subcutaneous physiological saline. The first study group administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2) by subcutaneous injection of dose of 1 mg/kg. The second study group administered cadmium plus vitamin E with selenium (1 mg/kg sodium selenite with 60 mg/kg vitamin E); the third study group administered cadmium plus 10 mg/kg melatonin (MLT); the fourth study group administered CdCl2 plus a combination of melatonin in addition to vitamin E and selenium for a month. Determination levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatinine alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and urea were measured in serum. In only CdCl2 administered group, the MDA, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, and urea levels in the serum were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Whereas in all other groups, this values were significantly lower than the only CdCl2 administered group (p < 0.05). Erythrocytes GSH-Px, serum SOD activities of only CdCl2 received group were significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, vitamin E + Se, melatonin and vitamin E, and Se, in addition to MLT combinations, had protective effects against high dose cadmium-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahit Konar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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46
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Kara H, Cevik A, Konar V, Dayangac A, Yilmaz M. Protective effects of antioxidants against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 120:205-11. [PMID: 17916972 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8019-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of melatonin, vitamin E, and selenium alone or in combination were tested against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. A total of 60 male rats were equally divided into five study groups, one of which acted as control receiving subcutaneous injections of physiological saline. The remaining four groups were treated with subcutaneous injections of cadmium chloride at a dose of 1 mg/kg weight. The first study group received no treatment. The second group was treated with a combination of 60 mg/kg vitamin E and 1 mg/kg sodium selenite. Group 3 was treated with 10 mg/kg melatonin, and the fourth group received a combination of vitamin E, sodium selenite, and melatonin at the doses mentioned above. After 1 month, the animals were killed, and the testes were excised for histological inspection and determination of tissue malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase. The animals receiving no treatment showed significantly higher malondialdehyde levels and reduced activity of the enzyme (p < 0.05). Treatment with antioxidants resulted in a significant reduction in malondialdehyde when compared to the nontreated animals (p < 0.05) and an increase in the superoxide dismutase activity that was almost the same as the controls. The combination of melatonin, vitamin E, and selenium appears to have the more profound effect against cadmium-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haki Kara
- Elazig School of Health Sciences, Firat University, Elazig 23119, Turkey.
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47
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Luchese C, Zeni G, Rocha JBT, Nogueira CW, Santos FW. Cadmium inhibits δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase from rat lung in vitro: Interaction with chelating and antioxidant agents. Chem Biol Interact 2007; 165:127-37. [PMID: 17187767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of cadmium (Cd(2+)) on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity from rat lung in vitro was investigated. delta-ALA-D activity, a parameter for metal intoxication, has been reported as a target of Cd(2+) in different tissues. The protective effect of monotherapies with dithiol chelating (meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid (DMPS)) or antioxidant agents (ascorbic acid, diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2), and N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) was evaluated. The effect of a combined therapy (dithiol chelatingxantioxidant agent) was also studied. Zinc chloride (ZnCl(2)) and dithiothreitol (DTT) were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in cadmium, chelating and antioxidant effects on delta-ALA-D activity. Cadmium inhibited rat lung delta-ALA-D activity at low concentrations. DTT (3mM), but not ZnCl(2) (100microM), protected the inhibition of enzyme activity caused by Cd(2+). Chelating agents were not effective in restoring the enzyme activity. DMPS and DMSA presented inhibitory effect on enzyme activity. DTT restored the inhibition caused by both chelating agents, but ZnCl(2) restored only the inhibitory effect induced by DMSA. These compounds caused a marked potentiation of delta-ALA-D inhibition induced by Cd(2+). ZnCl(2) did not restore inhibition of enzyme activity caused by Cd(2+) plus chelating agents. Conversely, DTT restored the inhibition induced by Cd(2+)/DMSA, but not by Cd(2+)/DMPS. Antioxidants were not effective in ameliorating delta-ALA-D inhibition induced by Cd(2+), whereas ascorbic acid potentiated the enzyme inhibition induced by this metal. A combined effect of Cd(2+)xDMPSx(PhSe)(2) and Cd(2+)xDMPSxNAC was observed. There was no combined effect of Cd(2+)xchelatorxantioxidants when DMSA was used. This study demonstrated that Cd(2+)inhibited delta-ALA-D activity and chelating and antioxidant agents, alone or combined, did not restore the enzyme activity. In contrast, these compounds potentiated the inhibition induced by Cd(2+) in rat lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Luchese
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Puntel RL, Roos DH, Paixão MW, Braga AL, Zeni G, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Oxalate modulates thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) production in supernatants of homogenates from rat brain, liver and kidney: effect of diphenyl diselenide and diphenyl ditelluride. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 165:87-98. [PMID: 17188671 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the sodium oxalate pro-oxidative activity in vitro and the potential protection by diphenyl diselenide ((PhSe)(2)) and diphenyl ditelluride ((PhTe)(2)) using supernatants of homogenates from brain, liver and kidney. Oxalate causes a significant increase in the TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive species) production up to 4mmol/l and it had antioxidant activity from 8 to 16mmol/l in the brain and liver. Oxalate had no effect in kidney homogenates. The difference among tissues may be related to the formation of insoluble crystal of oxalate in kidney, but not in liver and brain homogenates. (PhSe)(2) and (PhTe)(2) reduced both basal and oxalate-induced TBARS in rat brain homogenates, whereas in liver homogenates they were antioxidant only on oxalate-induced TBARS production. (PhSe)(2) showed a modest effect on renal TBARS production, whereas (PhTe)(2) did not modulate TBARS in kidney preparations. Oxalate at 2mmol/l did not change deoxyribose degradation induced by Fe(2+) plus H(2)O(2), whereas at 20mmol/l it significantly prevents its degradation. Oxalate (up to 4mmol/l) did not alter iron (10micromol/l)-induced TBARS production in the brain preparations, whereas at 8mmol/l onwards it prevents iron effect. In liver preparations, oxalate amplifies iron pro-oxidant activity up to 4mmol/l, preventing iron-induced TBARS production at 16mmol/l onwards. These results support the antioxidant effect of organochalcogens against oxalate-induced TBARS production. In addition, our results suggest that oxalate pro- and antioxidant activity in vitro could be related to its interactions with iron ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Luiz Puntel
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus UFSM, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Santos FW, Graça DL, Zeni G, Rocha JBT, Weis SN, Favero AM, Nogueira CW. Sub-chronic administration of diphenyl diselenide potentiates cadmium-induced testicular damage in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 22:546-50. [PMID: 16472969 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sub-chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure causes testicular damage in mice. The mode of action may involve oxidative stress and especially lipid peroxidation. The present study has monitored the pathogenesis of testicular damage during sub-chronic Cd exposure and has evaluated the potential protective effect of antioxidant therapy with diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)(2). Male mice were dosed with 2.5 mg/kg CdCl(2) (2.5 mg/kg) with or without (PhSe)(2) (5 micromol/kg) at 30 min post-exposure using a model of five weekly subcutaneous injections. Histological evaluation of the testis was performed across a 4 week test period. Animals exposed to CdCl(2) and CdCl(2) plus (PhSe)(2) displayed a reduction in body weight gain and testicular weight. Progressive damage and histolopathological changes in the testis were not remedied with, but rather were potentiated by, (PhSe)(2) therapy. We conclude that (PhSe)(2) enhances testicular injury in an animal model for sub-chronic Cd exposure mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielli W Santos
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
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Brandão R, Santos FW, Farina M, Zeni G, Bohrer D, Rocha JBT, Nogueira CW. Antioxidants and metallothionein levels in mercury-treated mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 2006; 22:429-38. [PMID: 16964587 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-006-0119-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute effects of mercury on mouse blood, kidneys, and liver were evaluated. Mice received a single dose of mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 4.6 mg/kg, subcutaneously) for three consecutive days. We investigated the possible beneficial effects of antioxidant therapy (N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2) compared with the sodium salt of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), an effective chelating agent in HgCl2 exposure in mice. We also verified whether metallothionein (MT) induction might be involved in a possible mechanism of protection against HgCl2 poisoning and whether different treatments would modify MT levels and other toxicological parameters. The results demonstrated that HgCl2 exposure significantly inhibited delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in liver and only DMPS treatment prevented the inhibitory effect. Mercuric chloride caused an increase in renal non-protein thiol groups (NPSH) and none of the treatments modified renal NPSH levels. Urea concentration was increased after HgCl2 exposure. NAC plus (PhSe)2 was partially effective in protecting against the effects of mercury. DMPS and (PhSe)2 were effective in restoring the increment in urea concentration caused by mercury. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities and ascorbic acid levels were not modified after mercury exposure. Mercuric chloride poisoning caused an increase in hepatic and renal MT levels and antioxidant treatments did not modify this parameter. Our data indicated a lack of therapeutic effect of the antioxidants tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brandão
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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