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Bahl A, Halappanavar S, Wohlleben W, Nymark P, Kohonen P, Wallin H, Vogel U, Haase A. Bioinformatics and machine learning to support nanomaterial grouping. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:373-400. [PMID: 38949108 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2368005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) offer plenty of novel functionalities. Moreover, their physicochemical properties can be fine-tuned to meet the needs of specific applications, leading to virtually unlimited numbers of NM variants. Hence, efficient hazard and risk assessment strategies building on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) become indispensable. Indeed, the design, the development and implementation of NAMs has been a major topic in a substantial number of research projects. One of the promising strategies that can help to deal with the high number of NMs variants is grouping and read-across. Based on demonstrated structural and physicochemical similarity, NMs can be grouped and assessed together. Within an established NM group, read-across may be performed to fill in data gaps for data-poor variants using existing data for NMs within the group. Establishing a group requires a sound justification, usually based on a grouping hypothesis that links specific physicochemical properties to well-defined hazard endpoints. However, for NMs these interrelationships are only beginning to be understood. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the power of bioinformatics with a specific focus on Machine Learning (ML) approaches to unravel the NM Modes-of-Action (MoA) and identify the properties that are relevant to specific hazards, in support of grouping strategies. This review emphasizes the following messages: 1) ML supports identification of the most relevant properties contributing to specific hazards; 2) ML supports analysis of large omics datasets and identification of MoA patterns in support of hypothesis formulation in grouping approaches; 3) omics approaches are useful for shifting away from consideration of single endpoints towards a more mechanistic understanding across multiple endpoints gained from one experiment; and 4) approaches from other fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) like Natural Language Processing or image analysis may support automated extraction and interlinkage of information related to NM toxicity. Here, existing ML models for predicting NM toxicity and for analyzing omics data in support of NM grouping are reviewed. Various challenges related to building robust models in the field of nanotoxicology exist and are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Bahl
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- BASF SE, Department Analytical and Material Science and Department Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Penny Nymark
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Risk Factors, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Haase
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Saha S, Sachivkina N, Karamyan A, Novikova E, Chubenko T. Advances in Nrf2 Signaling Pathway by Targeted Nanostructured-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Biomedicines 2024; 12:403. [PMID: 38398005 PMCID: PMC10887079 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has gained significant interest in various applications, including sensors and therapeutic agents for targeted disease sites. Several pathological consequences, including cancer, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, and many others, are mostly driven by inflammation and Nrf2, and its negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), plays a crucial role in maintaining redox status, the expression of antioxidant genes, and the inflammatory response. Interestingly, tuning the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system can affect immune-metabolic mechanisms. Although many phytochemicals and synthetic drugs exhibited potential therapeutic activities, poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability, poor tissue penetration, and, consequently, poor specific drug targeting, limit their practical use in clinical applications. Also, the therapeutic use of Nrf2 modulators is hampered in clinical applications by the absence of efficient formulation techniques. Therefore, we should explore the engineering of nanotechnology to modulate the inflammatory response via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. This review will initially examine the role of the Nrf2 signaling pathway in inflammation and oxidative stress-related pathologies. Subsequently, we will also review how custom-designed nanoscale materials encapsulating the Nrf2 activators can interact with biological systems and how this interaction can impact the Nrf2 signaling pathway and its potential outcomes, emphasizing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Nadezhda Sachivkina
- Department of Microbiology V.S. Kiktenko, Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Arfenya Karamyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Ekaterina Novikova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.N.); (T.C.)
| | - Tamara Chubenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.N.); (T.C.)
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Tyavambiza C, Meyer M, Wusu AD, Madiehe A, Meyer S. The Cytotoxicity of Cotyledon orbiculata Aqueous Extract and the Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Derived from the Extract. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:10109-10120. [PMID: 38132477 PMCID: PMC10742177 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become popular because of their promising biological activities. However, for most of these nanoparticles, the cytotoxic effects have not been determined and their safety is not guaranteed. In a previous study, we successfully synthesized AgNPs (Cotyledon-AgNPs) using an extract of Cotyledon orbiculata, a medicinal plant traditionally used in South Africa to treat skin conditions. Cotyledon-AgNPs were shown to have significant antimicrobial and wound-healing activities. Fibroblast cells treated with extracts of C. orbiculata and Cotyledon-AgNPs demonstrated an enhanced growth rate, which is essential in wound healing. These nanoparticles therefore have promising wound-healing activities. However, the cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is not known. In this study, the toxic effects of C. orbiculata extract and Cotyledon-AgNPs on the non-cancerous skin fibroblast (KMST-6) were determined using in vitro assays to assess oxidative stress and cell death. Both the C. orbiculata extract and the Cotyledon-AgNPs did not show any significant cytotoxic effects in these assays. Gene expression analysis was also used to assess the cytotoxic effects of Cotyledon-AgNPs at a molecular level. Of the eighty-four molecular toxicity genes analysed, only eight (FASN, SREBF1, CPT2, ASB1, HSPA1B, ABCC2, CASP9, and MKI67) were differentially expressed. These genes are mainly involved in fatty acid and mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results support the finding that Cotyledon-AgNPs have low cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. The upregulation of genes such as FASN, SERBF1, and MKI-67 also support previous findings that Cotyledon-AgNPs can promote wound healing via cell growth and proliferation. It can therefore be concluded that Cotyledon-AgNPs are not toxic to skin fibroblast cells at the concentration that promotes wound healing. These nanoparticles could possibly be safely used for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tyavambiza
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Adedoja Dorcas Wusu
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Abram Madiehe
- Department of Science and Innovation–Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa; (C.T.); (M.M.); (A.D.W.); (A.M.)
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7530, South Africa
| | - Samantha Meyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Nguyen NHA, Falagan-Lotsch P. Mechanistic Insights into the Biological Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials: A Focus on Gold Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4109. [PMID: 36835521 PMCID: PMC9963226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has great potential to significantly advance the biomedical field for the benefit of human health. However, the limited understanding of nano-bio interactions leading to unknowns about the potential adverse health effects of engineered nanomaterials and to the poor efficacy of nanomedicines has hindered their use and commercialization. This is well evidenced considering gold nanoparticles, one of the most promising nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Thus, a fundamental understanding of nano-bio interactions is of interest to nanotoxicology and nanomedicine, enabling the development of safe-by-design nanomaterials and improving the efficacy of nanomedicines. In this review, we introduce the advanced approaches currently applied in nano-bio interaction studies-omics and systems toxicology-to provide insights into the biological effects of nanomaterials at the molecular level. We highlight the use of omics and systems toxicology studies focusing on the assessment of the mechanisms underlying the in vitro biological responses to gold nanoparticles. First, the great potential of gold-based nanoplatforms to improve healthcare along with the main challenges for their clinical translation are presented. We then discuss the current limitations in the translation of omics data to support risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhung H. A. Nguyen
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec (TUL), Studentsk. 2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Priscila Falagan-Lotsch
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Serra MF, Cotias AC, Pimentel AS, Arantes ACSD, Pires ALA, Lanzetti M, Hickmann JM, Barreto E, Carvalho VF, Silva PMRE, Cordeiro RSB, Martins MA. Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Steroid-Insensitive Asthma in Mice Preserving Histone Deacetylase 2 and NRF2 Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091659. [PMID: 36139733 PMCID: PMC9495660 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can inhibit pivotal pathological changes in experimental asthma, but their effect on steroid-insensitive asthma is unclear. The current study assessed the effectiveness of nebulized AuNPs in a murine model of glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant asthma. Methods: A/J mice were sensitized and subjected to intranasal instillations of ovalbumin (OVA) once a week for nine weeks. Two weeks after starting allergen stimulations, mice were subjected to Budesonide or AuNP nebulization 1 h before stimuli. Analyses were carried out 24 h after the last provocation. Results: We found that mice challenged with OVA had airway hyperreactivity, eosinophil, and neutrophil infiltrates in the lung, concomitantly with peribronchiolar fibrosis, mucus production, and pro-inflammatory cytokine generation compared to sham-challenged mice. These changes were inhibited in mice treated with AuNPs, but not Budesonide. In the GC-resistant asthmatic mice, oxidative stress was established, marked by a reduction in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) levels and catalase activity, accompanied by elevated values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), phosphoinositide 3-kinases δ (PI3Kδ) expression, as well as a reduction in the nuclear expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the lung tissue, all of which sensitive to AuNPs but not Budesonide treatment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that AuNPs can improve GC-insensitive asthma by preserving HDAC2 and NRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda F Serra
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Cotias
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreza S Pimentel
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S de Arantes
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia A Pires
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Manuella Lanzetti
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jandir M Hickmann
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91509-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Barreto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 50072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato S B Cordeiro
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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Kulthong K, Hooiveld GJEJ, Duivenvoorde LPM, Miro Estruch I, Bouwmeester H, van der Zande M. Comparative study of the transcriptomes of Caco-2 cells cultured under dynamic vs. static conditions following exposure to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2022; 15:1233-1252. [PMID: 35077654 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.2012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread application of food-relevant inorganic nanomaterials, the gastrointestinal tract is potentially exposed to these materials. Gut-on-chip in vitro systems are proposed for the investigation of compound toxicity as they better recapitulate the in vivo human intestinal environment than static models, due to the added shear stresses associated with the flow of the medium. We aimed to compare cellular responses of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells at the gene expression level upon TiO2 (E171) and ZnO (NM110) nanomaterial exposure when cultured under dynamic and conventionally applied static conditions. Whole-genome transcriptome analyses upon exposure of the cells to TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials revealed differentially expressed genes and related biological processes that were culture condition specific. The total number of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.01) and affected pathways (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.25) after nanomaterial exposure was higher under dynamic culture conditions than under static conditions for both nanomaterials. The observed increase in nanomaterial-induced responses in the gut-on-chip model indicates that shear stress might be a major factor in cell susceptibility. This is the first report on the application of a gut-on-chip system in which gene expression responses upon TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterial exposure are evaluated and compared to a static system. It extends current knowledge on nanomaterial toxicity assessment and the influence of a dynamic environment on cellular responses. Application of the gut-on-chip system resulted in higher sensitivity of the cells and might thus be an attractive system for use in the toxicological hazard characterization of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornphimol Kulthong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Loes P M Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Wusu AD, Sibuyi NRS, Moabelo KL, Goboza M, Madiehe A, Meyer M. Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 14 nm alter the expression of genes associated with stress response, cytoprotection and lipid metabolism in CaCo-2 cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 33:105101. [PMID: 34814123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac3c7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology have provided insight into the unique opportunities for the application of nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in medicine due to their remarkable properties, which includes low toxicity, large surface area, and the ease of synthesis and conjugation to other molecules. Therefore, AuNPs are often preferred for bio-applications. Citrate-capped AuNPs (cAuNPs) have been reported to be non-cytotoxic and are used in numerous studies as drug delivery vehicles to treat various diseases. However, the limitations of bioassays often used to assess the toxicity of AuNPs have been well documented. Herein, we investigate the cytotoxicity of 14 nm cAuNPs in the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. Treatment conditions (i.e. dose and exposure time) that were established to be non-toxic to Caco-2 cells were used to investigate the effect of cAuNPs on the expression of a Qiagen panel of 86 genes involved in cytotoxicity. Out of 86 studied, 23 genes were differentially expressed. Genes involved in oxidative stress and antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response, heat shock response, and lipid metabolism were more affected than others. While low concentrations of 14 nm cAuNPs was not cytotoxic and did not cause cell death, cells treated with these nanoparticles experienced ER and oxidative stress, resulting in the activation of cytoprotective cellular processes. Additionally, several genes involved in lipid metabolism were also affected. Therefore, 14 nm cAuNPs can safely be used as drug delivery vehicles at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adedoja Dorcas Wusu
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Koena Leah Moabelo
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mediline Goboza
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Abram Madiehe
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
- Nanobiotechnology Research Group, Department of Biotechnology, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mervin Meyer
- DSI/Mintek Nanotechnology Innovation Centre (NIC), Biolabels Node, Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville, 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
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Lee SH, Won H, Kim SH, Jeon S, Jeong J, Lee DK, Yang JY, Seok JH, Jung K, Oh JH, Lee JH, Cho WS. Six-well plate-based colony-forming efficacy assay and Co-Culture application to assess toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 128:105085. [PMID: 34800565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of a universal, label-free, and reliable in vitro toxicity testing method for nanoparticles is urgent because most nanoparticles can interfere with toxicity assays. In this regard, the colony-forming efficacy (CFE) assay has been suggested as a suitable in vitro toxicity assay for testing nanoparticles without such interference. Recently, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed a 60 × 15 mm Petri dish-based CFE assay for testing nanoparticles in MDCK-1 cells. However, further investigations are needed, including testing with other cell types, at a smaller scale for greater efficiency, and the application of the co-culture technique. In this study, we selected TiO2, CuO, CeO2, and SiO2 as test nanoparticles and successfully developed a 6-well plate-based CFE assay using HepG2 and A549 cells and a co-culture assay for combinations of HepG2 cells and THP-1 macrophages or A549 cells and THP-1 monocytes. The results suggest that the 6-wellplate-based CFE assay for HepG2 and A549 cells can be applied to nanoparticles, but the co-culture CFE assay has limitations in that it is not different from the single culture study, and it inhibits colony-formation by A549 cells in the presence of macrophages; this warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Han Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Won
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Kim
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Jeong
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Lee
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Yang
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyeun Seok
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kikyung Jung
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Oh
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Lee
- Division of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Osong, Cheongju, 28159, Republic of Korea.
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 Beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea.
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Kohl Y, Hesler M, Drexel R, Kovar L, Dähnhardt-Pfeiffer S, Selzer D, Wagner S, Lehr T, von Briesen H, Meier F. Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics and Stability of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Biological Effects and Translocation across an Intestinal Barrier-A Case Study from In Vitro to In Silico. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061358. [PMID: 34063963 PMCID: PMC8224057 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of their interaction with cell-based tissue is a fundamental prerequisite towards the safe production and application of engineered nanomaterials. Quantitative experimental data on the correlation between physicochemical characteristics and the interaction and transport of engineered nanomaterials across biological barriers, in particular, is still scarce, thus hampering the development of effective predictive non-testing strategies. Against this background, the presented study investigated the translocation of gold and silver nanoparticles across the gastrointestinal barrier along with related biological effects using an in vitro 3D-triple co-culture cell model. Standardized in vitro assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed no significant influence of the applied nanoparticles on both cell viability and generation of reactive oxygen species. Transmission electron microscopy indicated an intact cell barrier during the translocation study. Single particle ICP-MS revealed a time-dependent increase of translocated nanoparticles independent of their size, shape, surface charge, and stability in cell culture medium. This quantitative data provided the experimental basis for the successful mathematical description of the nanoparticle transport kinetics using a non-linear mixed effects modeling approach. The results of this study may serve as a basis for the development of predictive tools for improved risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (F.M.); Tel.: +49-6897-9071-256 (Y.K.); +49-8191-985-6880 (F.M.)
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Roland Drexel
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany;
| | - Lukas Kovar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | | | - Dominik Selzer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (L.K.); (D.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; (M.H.); (S.W.); (H.v.B.)
| | - Florian Meier
- Postnova Analytics GmbH, 86899 Landsberg am Lech, Germany;
- Correspondence: (Y.K.); (F.M.); Tel.: +49-6897-9071-256 (Y.K.); +49-8191-985-6880 (F.M.)
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Ude VC, Brown DM, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Time dependent impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, metal binding, inflammation and mucus secretion in single and co-culture intestinal in vitro models. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105161. [PMID: 33839236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential for ingestion of copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) is increasing due to their increased exploitation. Investigation of changes in gene expression allows toxicity to be detected at an early stage of NM exposure and can enable investigation of the mechanism of toxicity. Here, undifferentiated Caco-2 cells, differentiated Caco-2 cells, Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucus secreting) and Caco-2/Raji B (M cell model) co-cultures were exposed to CuO NMs and copper sulphate (CuSO4) in order to determine their impacts. Cellular responses were measured in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the gene expression of an antioxidant (haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)), the pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 8 (IL8)), the metal binding (metallothionein 1A and 2A (MT1A and MT2A)) and the mucus secreting (mucin 2 (MUC2)), as well as HMOX-1 protein level. While CuSO4 induced ROS production in cells, no such effect was observed for CuO NMs. However, these particles did induce an increase in the level of HMOX-1 protein and upregulation of HMOX1, MT2A, IL8 and MUC2 genes in all cell models. In conclusion, the expression of HMOX1, IL8 and MT2A were responsive to CuO NMs at 4 to 12 h post exposure when investigating the toxicity of NMs using intestinal in vitro models. These findings can inform the selection of endpoints, timepoints and models when investigating NM toxicity to the intestine in vitro in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ude
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David M Brown
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Helinor J Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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11
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Saarimäki LA, Federico A, Lynch I, Papadiamantis AG, Tsoumanis A, Melagraki G, Afantitis A, Serra A, Greco D. Manually curated transcriptomics data collection for toxicogenomic assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Sci Data 2021; 8:49. [PMID: 33558569 PMCID: PMC7870661 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-00808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics (TGx) approaches are increasingly applied to gain insight into the possible toxicity mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Omics data can be valuable to elucidate the mechanism of action of chemicals and to develop predictive models in toxicology. While vast amounts of transcriptomics data from ENM exposures have already been accumulated, a unified, easily accessible and reusable collection of transcriptomics data for ENMs is currently lacking. In an attempt to improve the FAIRness of already existing transcriptomics data for ENMs, we curated a collection of homogenized transcriptomics data from human, mouse and rat ENM exposures in vitro and in vivo including the physicochemical characteristics of the ENMs used in each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aliisa Saarimäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antonio Federico
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasios G Papadiamantis
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- NovaMechanics Ltd, P.O Box 26014 1666, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | | | | | | | - Angela Serra
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dario Greco
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- BioMediTech Institute, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Finnish Centre for Alternative Methods (FICAM), Faculty of Medicine and Heath Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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12
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Enea M, Pereira E, Costa J, Soares ME, Dias da Silva D, Bastos MDL, Carmo HF. Cellular uptake and toxicity of gold nanoparticles on two distinct hepatic cell models. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 70:105046. [PMID: 33147519 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have huge potential for various biomedical applications, but their successful use depends on their uptake and possible toxicity in the liver, their main site for accumulation. Therefore, in this work we compared the cytotoxic effects induced by AuNPs with different size (~ 15 nm and 60 nm), shape (nanospheres and nanostars) and capping [citrate- or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA)], in human HepaRG cells or primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) cultivated with serum-free or Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS)-supplemented media. The safety assessment of the AuNPs demonstrated that overall they present low toxicity towards hepatic cells. Among all the tested AuNPs, the smaller 15 nm spheres displayed the highest toxicity. The toxicological effect was capping, size and cell-type dependent with citrate-capping more toxic than MUA (PRH with FBS), the 15 nm AuNPs more toxic than 60 nm counterparts and PRH more sensitive, as compared to the HepaRG cells. The incubation with FBS-free media produced aggregation of AuNPs while its presence greatly influenced the toxicity outcomes. The cellular uptake of AuNPs was shape, size and capping dependent in PRH cultivated in FBS-supplemented media, and significantly different between the two types of cells with extensively higher internalization of AuNPs in PRH, as compared to the HepaRG cells. These data show that the physical-chemical properties of AuNPs, including size and shape, as well as the type of cellular model, greatly influence the interaction of the AuNPs with the biological environment and consequently, their toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enea
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal.
| | - Eulália Pereira
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 687, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria Elisa Soares
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira Carmo
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
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13
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Gold Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Human Kidney Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050995. [PMID: 32455923 PMCID: PMC7279525 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highly attractive for biomedical applications. Therefore, several in vitro and in vivo studies have addressed their safety evaluation. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge regarding their potential detrimental effect on human kidney. To evaluate this effect, AuNPs with different sizes (13 nm and 60 nm), shapes (spheres and stars), and coated with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) or with sodium citrate, were synthesized, characterized, and their toxicological effects evaluated 24 h after incubation with a proximal tubular cell line derived from normal human kidney (HK-2). After exposure, viability was assessed by the MTT assay. Changes in lysosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive species (ROS/RNS), intracellular glutathione (total GSH), and ATP were also evaluated. Apoptosis was investigated through the evaluation of the activity of caspases 3, 8 and 9. Overall, the tested AuNPs targeted mainly the mitochondria in a concentration-dependent manner. The lysosomal integrity was also affected but to a lower extent. The smaller 13 nm nanospheres (both citrate- and MUA-coated) proved to be the most toxic among all types of AuNPs, increasing ROS production and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (p ≤ 0.01). For the MUA-coated 13 nm nanospheres, these effects were associated also to increased levels of total glutathione (p ≤ 0.01) and enhanced ATP production (p ≤ 0.05). Programmed cell death was detected through the activation of both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways (caspase 8 and 9) (p ≤ 0.05). We found that the larger 60 nm AuNPs, both nanospheres and nanostars, are apparently less toxic than their smaller counter parts. Considering the results herein presented, it should be taken into consideration that even if renal clearance of the AuNPs is desirable, since it would prevent accumulation and detrimental effects in other organs, a possible intracellular accumulation of AuNPs in kidneys can induce cell damage and later compromise kidney function.
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Enea M, Pereira E, Silva DD, Costa J, Soares ME, de Lourdes Bastos M, Carmo H. Study of the intestinal uptake and permeability of gold nanoparticles using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:195102. [PMID: 31962292 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6dfb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are highly attractive to biomedical applications. Here, we investigated the effects of (i) ca. 15 nm spherical AuNPs capped with citrate or 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and (ii) ca. 60 nm spherical citrate-capped AuNPs, and ca. 60 nm MUA-capped star-shaped AuNPs on the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and permeability, using media supplemented or not with 1% fetal bovine serum (FBS) on caucasian colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. In addition, the colloidal stability of the nanoparticles in media (supplemented or not) was assessed after 24 h-incubations at 60 μM. The 60 nm gold nanospheres and stars were administrated orally to Wistar rats in order to evaluate their systemic absorption and biodistribution after 24 h. At non-supplemented media settings, citrate-capped gold nanoparticles seem to be more toxic than their MUA-capped counterparts. Also, smaller nanoparticles show higher toxicity than larger ones. The use of cell culture media with 1% FBS not only increased the stability of all AuNPs, as also significantly reduced their cytotoxicity. In the uptake studies, higher AuNPs incorporation was noticed in serum supplemented media, this effect being particularly significant for the 60 nm nanoparticles. Cellular incorporation depended also on the capping agent and size. None of the tested samples crossed the in vitro intestinal barrier. Confirming the in vitro results, the in vivo biodistribution study of the 60 nm AuNPs orally given to rats showed that their systemic absorption is low and that they are mainly eliminated through the faeces. Altogether, these preliminary results suggest that our novel AuNPs have high potential to be considered promising candidates for application in diagnostics or drug delivery at the intestinal level, showing high biocompatibility. However, unless it is desired that these nanomaterials avoid systemic absorption upon oral administration, additional functionalization should be sought to increase their low bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enea
- UCIBIO REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal. LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
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15
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Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics, Part I: Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, and Regulatory Aspects. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040750. [PMID: 32326418 PMCID: PMC7221878 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The starting point of successful hazard assessment is the generation of unbiased and trustworthy data. Conventional toxicity testing deals with extensive observations of phenotypic endpoints in vivo and complementing in vitro models. The increasing development of novel materials and chemical compounds dictates the need for a better understanding of the molecular changes occurring in exposed biological systems. Transcriptomics enables the exploration of organisms' responses to environmental, chemical, and physical agents by observing the molecular alterations in more detail. Toxicogenomics integrates classical toxicology with omics assays, thus allowing the characterization of the mechanism of action (MOA) of chemical compounds, novel small molecules, and engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Lack of standardization in data generation and analysis currently hampers the full exploitation of toxicogenomics-based evidence in risk assessment. To fill this gap, TGx methods need to take into account appropriate experimental design and possible pitfalls in the transcriptomic analyses as well as data generation and sharing that adhere to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in the design and analysis of DNA microarray, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), and single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) data. We provide guidelines on exposure time, dose and complex endpoint selection, sample quality considerations and sample randomization. Furthermore, we summarize publicly available data resources and highlight applications of TGx data to understand and predict chemical toxicity potential. Additionally, we discuss the efforts to implement TGx into regulatory decision making to promote alternative methods for risk assessment and to support the 3R (reduction, refinement, and replacement) concept. This review is the first part of a three-article series on Transcriptomics in Toxicogenomics. These initial considerations on Experimental Design, Technologies, Publicly Available Data, Regulatory Aspects, are the starting point for further rigorous and reliable data preprocessing and modeling, described in the second and third part of the review series.
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16
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Barreto A, Carvalho A, Campos A, Osório H, Pinto E, Almeida A, Trindade T, Soares AMVM, Hylland K, Loureiro S, Oliveira M. Effects of gold nanoparticles in gilthead seabream-A proteomic approach. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 221:105445. [PMID: 32078886 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of nanoparticles (NPs), there are still major gaps of knowledge regarding the impact of nanomaterials in the environment and aquatic animals. The present work aimed to study the effects of 7 and 40 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) - citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated - on the liver proteome of the estuarine/marine fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). After 96 h, exposure to AuNP elicited alterations on the abundance of 26 proteins, when compared to the control group. AuNPs differentially affected several metabolic pathways in S. aurata liver cells. Among the affected proteins were those related to cytoskeleton and cell structure, gluconeogenesis, amino acids metabolism and several processes related to protein activity (protein synthesis, catabolism, folding and transport). The increased abundance of proteins associated with energy metabolism (ATP synthase subunit beta), stress response (94 kDa glucose-regulated protein) and cytoskeleton structure (actins and tubulins) may represent the first signs of cellular oxidative stress induced by AuNPs. Although higher gold accumulation was found in the liver of S. aurata exposed to 7 nm PVP-AuNPs, the 7 nm cAuNPs were more bioactive, inducing more effects in liver proteome. Gold accumulated more in the spleen than in the other assessed tissues of S. aurata exposed to AuNPs, highlighting its potential role on the elimination of these NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barreto
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - A Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A Campos
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - H Osório
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - E Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Escola Superior de Saúde, P. Porto. CISA/Centro de Investigação em Saúde e Ambiente, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Trindade
- Departamento de Química & CICECO - Aveiro Instituto de Materiais, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A M V M Soares
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Hylland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, N-0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Loureiro
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Unexpected intracellular biodegradation and recrystallization of gold nanoparticles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:103-113. [PMID: 31852822 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911734116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are used in an expanding spectrum of biomedical applications. However, little is known about their long-term fate in the organism as it is generally admitted that the inertness of gold nanoparticles prevents their biodegradation. In this work, the biotransformations of gold nanoparticles captured by primary fibroblasts were monitored during up to 6 mo. The combination of electron microscopy imaging and transcriptomics study reveals an unexpected 2-step process of biotransformation. First, there is the degradation of gold nanoparticles, with faster disappearance of the smallest size. This degradation is mediated by NADPH oxidase that produces highly oxidizing reactive oxygen species in the lysosome combined with a cell-protective expression of the nuclear factor, erythroid 2. Second, a gold recrystallization process generates biomineralized nanostructures consisting of 2.5-nm crystalline particles self-assembled into nanoleaves. Metallothioneins are strongly suspected to participate in buildings blocks biomineralization that self-assembles in a process that could be affected by a chelating agent. These degradation products are similar to aurosomes structures revealed 50 y ago in vivo after gold salt therapy. Overall, we bring to light steps in the lifecycle of gold nanoparticles in which cellular pathways are partially shared with ionic gold, revealing a common gold metabolism.
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18
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Enea M, Peixoto de Almeida M, Eaton P, Dias da Silva D, Pereira E, Soares ME, Bastos MDL, Carmo H. A multiparametric study of gold nanoparticles cytotoxicity, internalization and permeability using an in vitro model of blood-brain barrier. Influence of size, shape and capping agent. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:990-1004. [PMID: 31106633 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1621398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have biomedical application on imaging and due to increased optical performance, star-shaped AuNPs are of special interest. Because shape, size and capping greatly influence their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics, a systematic multiparametric comparative study of the influence of these parameters on the cytotoxicity, internalization, and in vitro permeability was conducted in human Cerebral Microvascular Endothelial Cell line (hCMEC/D3), an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). AuNPs of different size (14 nm and ∼50 nm), shape (spheres and stars), and coating (11-mercaptoundecanoic acid or MUA and sodium citrate) were synthesized and fully characterized. The time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxic profile of the tested AuNPs differed for the different AuNPs. Generally, toxicity was greater for stars relative to sphere-shaped AuNPs, and citrate coating was more toxic than MUA. Regarding the influence of size, smaller-sized AuNPs were more cytotoxic when compared at the same Au concentration. However, when the concentration of AuNPs was expressed as the number of AuNPs/mL, a higher degree of cytotoxicity was noted for the larger ̴50 nm AuNPs. To understand the influence of size, shape and capping, a systematic study design, in which only one of the variables changes, is determinant for correct data interpretation. Considering the results herein presented, for the sake of comparison of differently-sized AuNPs, it is preferable to design the study based upon the number of nanoparticles, since at a fixed Au concentration the number of particles available to promote effect is higher for smaller-sized AuNPs. Cellular internalization also differed among the tested AuNPs; although all were unable to cross the in vitro BBB, the intracellularly accumulated AuNPs can induce cell damage and later compromise BBB integrity and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Enea
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Miguel Peixoto de Almeida
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Diana Dias da Silva
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Eulália Pereira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria Elisa Soares
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Helena Carmo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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Furxhi I, Murphy F, Poland CA, Sheehan B, Mullins M, Mantecca P. Application of Bayesian networks in determining nanoparticle-induced cellular outcomes using transcriptomics. Nanotoxicology 2019; 13:827-848. [PMID: 31140895 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1595206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inroads have been made in our understanding of the risks posed to human health and the environment by nanoparticles (NPs) but this area requires continuous research and monitoring. Machine learning techniques have been applied to nanotoxicology with very encouraging results. This study deals with bridging physicochemical properties of NPs, experimental exposure conditions and in vitro characteristics with biological effects of NPs on a molecular cellular level from transcriptomics studies. The bridging is done by developing and implementing Bayesian Networks (BNs) with or without data preprocessing. The BN structures are derived either automatically or methodologically and compared. Early stage nanotoxicity measurements represent a challenge, not least when attempting to predict adverse outcomes and modeling is critical to understanding the biological effects of exposure to NPs. The preprocessed data-driven BN showed improved performance over automatically structured BN and the BN with unprocessed datasets. The prestructured BN captures inter relationships between NP properties, exposure condition and in vitro characteristics and links those with cellular effects based on statistic correlation findings. Information gain analysis showed that exposure dose, NP and cell line variables were the most influential attributes in predicting the biological effects. The BN methodology proposed in this study successfully predicts a number of toxicologically relevant cellular disrupted biological processes such as cell cycle and proliferation pathways, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix responses, DNA damage and repair mechanisms etc., with a success rate >80%. The model validation from independent data shows a robust and promising methodology for incorporating transcriptomics outcomes in a hazard and, by extension, risk assessment modeling framework by predicting affected cellular functions from experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Furxhi
- a Department of Accounting and Finance , Kemmy Business School University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Finbarr Murphy
- a Department of Accounting and Finance , Kemmy Business School University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Craig A Poland
- b ELEGI/Colt Laboratory , Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , Scotland
| | - Barry Sheehan
- a Department of Accounting and Finance , Kemmy Business School University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Martin Mullins
- a Department of Accounting and Finance , Kemmy Business School University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
| | - Paride Mantecca
- c Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , Particulate Matter and Health Risk (POLARIS) Research Centre University of Milano Bicocca , Milano , Italy
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González-Ballesteros N, Rodríguez-Argüelles MC, Prado-López S, Lastra M, Grimaldi M, Cavazza A, Nasi L, Salviati G, Bigi F. Macroalgae to nanoparticles: Study of Ulva lactuca L. role in biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles and of their cytotoxicity on colon cancer cell lines. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:498-509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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Tzelepi K, Espinosa Garcia C, Williams P, Golding J. Galactose:PEGamine coated gold nanoparticles adhere to filopodia and cause extrinsic apoptosis. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:807-816. [PMID: 36132240 PMCID: PMC9473179 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00270c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-small gold nanoparticles, surface functionalised with a 50 : 50 ratio of a thiolated α-galactose derivative and a thiolated hexaethylene glycol amine, are toxic to HSC-3 oral squamous carcinoma cells. Differences in nanoparticle toxicity were found to be related to the synthesis duration, with 1 h reaction nanoparticles being less toxic than 5 h reaction nanoparticles. The ligand density decreased with longer reaction time, although the size, charge and ligand ratio remained similar. The concentration of sodium borohydride in the reaction decreased logarithmically over 5 h but remained within a concentration range sufficient to desorb weakly bound ligands, possibly explaining the observed gradual decrease in ligand density. Nanoparticle toxicity was abrogated by inhibition of either caspase 3/7 or caspase 8, but not by inhibition of caspase 9, consistent with extrinsic apoptosis. Electron microscopic analysis of cellular uptake demonstrated predominantly cytoplasmic localization. However, when energy-dependent transport was inhibited, by lowering the temperature to 4 °C, a remarkable adhesion of nanoparticles to filopodia was observed. Inhibition of filopodial assembly with a fascin inhibitor prevented nanoparticle adhesion to HSC-3 cells at 4 °C, while fascin inhibition at 37 °C resulted in less cytoplasmic uptake. More adhesion to HSC-3 filopodia was seen with the higher toxicity 5 h reaction time nanoparticles than with the 1 h nanoparticles. By including two further cell types (HaCaT keratinocytes and hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells), a pattern of increasing toxicity with filopodial binding of 5 h reaction nanoparticles became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Tzelepi
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK +44 (0)1908 653748
| | | | - Phil Williams
- Midatech Pharma 65 Innovation Drive, Milton Park Abingdon OX14 4RQ UK
| | - Jon Golding
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK +44 (0)1908 653748
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22
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Hori R, Yamaguchi K, Sato H, Watanabe M, Tsutsumi K, Iwamoto S, Abe M, Onodera H, Nakamura S, Nakai R. The discovery and characterization of K-563, a novel inhibitor of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway produced by Streptomyces sp. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1157-1168. [PMID: 30735010 PMCID: PMC6434342 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keap1/Nrf2 pathway regulates the antioxidant stress response, detoxification response, and energy metabolism. Previous reports found that aberrant Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activation due to Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) mutations or Nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) mutations induced resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy and accelerated cell growth via the supply of nutrients. Therefore, Keap1/Nrf2 pathway activation is associated with a poor prognosis in many cancers. These previous findings suggested that inhibition of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway could be a target for anti‐cancer therapies. To discover a small‐molecule Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibitor, we conducted high‐throughput screening in Keap1 mutant human lung cancer A549 cells using a transcriptional reporter assay. Through this screening, we identified the novel Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibitor K‐563, which was isolated from actinomycete Streptomyces sp. K‐563 suppressed the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 pathway downstream target genes or the downstream target protein, which induced suppression of GSH production, and activated reactive oxygen species production in A549 cells. K‐563 also inhibited the expression of downstream target genes in other Keap1‐ or Nrf2‐mutated cancer cells. Furthermore, K‐563 exerted anti‐proliferative activities in these mutated cancer cells. These in vitro analyses showed that K‐563 was able to inhibit cell growth in Keap1‐ or Nrf2‐mutated cancer cells by Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibition. K‐563 also exerted synergistic combinational effects with lung cancer chemotherapeutic agents. An in vivo study in mice xenotransplanted with A549 cells to further explore the therapeutic potential of K‐563 revealed that it also inhibited Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in lung cancer tumors. K‐563, a novel Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibitor, may be a lead compound for development as an anti‐cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Hori
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan.,School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kozo Yamaguchi
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Sato
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Miwa Watanabe
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsutsumi
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Susumu Iwamoto
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Abe
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Onodera
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakai
- R&D Division, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sunto, Shizuoka, Japan
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Komorowski P, Siatkowska M, Wasiak T, Działoszyńska K, Kotarba S, Kądzioła K, Bartoszek N, Sokołowska P, Elgalal M, Sobol‐Pacyniak A, Makowski K, Walkowiak B. Simultaneous transcriptome and proteome analysis of EA.hy926 cells under stress conditions induced by nanomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1024-1034. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Komorowski
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- BioTechMed Advanced Technology Centre Lodz Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Katarzyna Działoszyńska
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
| | - Sylwia Kotarba
- Biosensor and Organic Electronics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Kinga Kądzioła
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Nina Bartoszek
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Paulina Sokołowska
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
| | - Marcin Elgalal
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation and Isotope TherapyMedical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Anna Sobol‐Pacyniak
- Department of Internal Medicine and DiabetologyMedical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
- Norbert Barlicki Memorial Teaching Hospital No. 1 Lodz Poland
| | - Krzysztof Makowski
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
| | - Bogdan Walkowiak
- Molecular and Nanostructural Biophysics LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd. Lodz Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Materials ScienceLodz University of Technology Lodz Poland
- BioTechMed Advanced Technology Centre Lodz Poland
- Industrial Biotechnology LaboratoryBionanopark Ltd Lodz Poland
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24
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Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Thrall BD, Qian WJ. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics for system-level characterization of biological responses to engineered nanomaterials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6067-6077. [PMID: 29947897 PMCID: PMC6119095 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of engineered nanomaterials or nanotechnology makes the characterization of biological responses to nanomaterials an important area of research. The application of omics approaches, such as mass spectrometry-based proteomics, has revealed new insights into the cellular responses of exposure to nanomaterials, including how nanomaterials interact and alter cellular pathways. In addition, exposure to engineered nanomaterials often leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species and cellular oxidative stress, which implicates a redox-dependent regulation of cellular responses under such conditions. In this review, we discuss quantitative proteomics-based approaches, with an emphasis on redox proteomics, as a tool for system-level characterization of the biological responses induced by engineered nanomaterials. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Brian D Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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25
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Wu W, Yan L, Chen S, Li Q, Gu Z, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Investigating oxidation state-induced toxicity of PEGylated graphene oxide in ocular tissue using gene expression profiles. Nanotoxicology 2018; 12:819-835. [PMID: 29888639 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1480813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiyou Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China
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26
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Zheng M, Lu J, Zhao D. Toxicity and Transcriptome Sequencing (RNA-seq) Analyses of Adult Zebrafish in Response to Exposure Carboxymethyl Cellulose Stabilized Iron Sulfide Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8083. [PMID: 29795396 PMCID: PMC5967324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing utilization of stabilized iron sulfides (FeS) nanoparticles implies an elevated release of the materials into the environment. To understand potential impacts and underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced stress, we used the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technique to characterize the transcriptomes from adult zebrafish exposed to 10 mg/L carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized FeS nanoparticles for 96 h, demonstrating striking differences in the gene expression profiles in liver. The exposure caused significant expression alterations in genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, detoxification, oxidative stress and DNA damage/repair. The complement and coagulation cascades Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway was found significantly up-regulated under nanoparticle exposure. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using twelve genes confirmed the RNA-seq results. We identified several candidate genes commonly regulated in liver, which may serve as gene indicators when exposed to the nanoparticles. Hepatic inflammation was further confirmed by histological observation of pyknotic nuclei, and vacuole formation upon exposure. Tissue accumulation tests showed a 2.2 times higher iron concentration in the fish tissue upon exposure. This study provides preliminary mechanistic insights into potential toxic effects of organic matter stabilized FeS nanoparticles, which will improve our understanding of the genotoxicity caused by stabilized nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.,School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 510275, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA. .,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, PR China.
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27
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Zheng M, Lu J, Zhao D. Effects of starch-coating of magnetite nanoparticles on cellular uptake, toxicity and gene expression profiles in adult zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 622-623:930-941. [PMID: 29227944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineered magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) have been used in many fields. To prevent particle agglomeration, stabilizers or coatings are often required. While such coatings have been shown to enhance performances, the environmental impact or toxicity of stabilized or coated Fe3O4 NPs remain poorly understood. In an effort to understand the impacts of such coatings on the toxicity of Fe3O4 NPs, we used the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technique to characterize the gill and liver transcriptomes from adult zebrafish when exposed to bare and starch-stabilized Fe3O4 NPs for 7days, demonstrating remarkable differences in gene expression profiles, also known as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) profiles, in both tissues. Bare Fe3O4 NPs exerted greater toxicity than starch-coated Fe3O4 NPs in gill; in contrast, starch-Fe3O4 NPs triggered more severe damage on liver, though both bare and stabilized NPs appeared to share similar regulatory mechanisms. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions using six genes each for the two tissues verified the RNA-seq results. The surface coatings play an important role in determining the nanoparticle toxicity, which in turn modulate cell uptake and biological responses, consequently impacting the potential safety and efficacy of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zheng
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianguo Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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28
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Baudrimont M, Andrei J, Mornet S, Gonzalez P, Mesmer-Dudons N, Gourves PY, Jaffal A, Dedourge-Geffard O, Geffard A, Geffard O, Garric J, Feurtet-Mazel A. Trophic transfer and effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in Gammarus fossarum from contaminated periphytic biofilm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11181-11191. [PMID: 28091991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work addressed the trophic transfer and effects of functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from periphytic biofilms to the crustacean Gammarus fossarum. Biofilms were exposed for 48 h to 10 nm positively charged functionalized AuNPs at two concentrations, 4.6 and 46 mg/L, and crustaceans G. fossarum grazed on these for 7 days, with daily biofilm renewal. Gold bioaccumulation in biofilm and crustacean were measured to estimate the trophic transfer ratio of these AuNP, and, for the first time, a transcriptomic approach and transmission electron microscopy observations in the crustacean were made. These two approaches showed cellular damage caused by oxidative stress and, in particular, an impact of these AuNPs on mitochondrial respiration. Modulation of digestive enzyme activity was also observed, suggesting modifications of digestive functions. The damage due to these nanoparticles could then have vital consequences for the organisms during chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France.
| | - Jennifer Andrei
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Stéphane Mornet
- ICMCB, 87 Avenue du Dr Albert Schweitzer, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Nathalie Mesmer-Dudons
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
| | - Ali Jaffal
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Odile Dedourge-Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Alain Geffard
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Geffard
- IRSTEA, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jeanne Garric
- IRSTEA, 5 rue de la Doua, CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Agnès Feurtet-Mazel
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Place du Dr Peyneau, 33120, Arcachon, France
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Fröhlich E. Role of omics techniques in the toxicity testing of nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:84. [PMID: 29157261 PMCID: PMC5697164 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is regarded as a key technology of the twenty-first century. Despite the many advantages of nanotechnology it is also known that engineered nanoparticles (NPs) may cause adverse health effects in humans. Reports on toxic effects of NPs relay mainly on conventional (phenotypic) testing but studies of changes in epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome induced by NPs have also been performed. NPs most relevant for human exposure in consumer, health and food products are metal, metal oxide and carbon-based NPs. They were also studied quite frequently with omics technologies and an overview of the study results can serve to answer the question if screening for established targets of nanotoxicity (e.g. cell death, proliferation, oxidative stress, and inflammation) is sufficient or if omics techniques are needed to reveal new targets. Regulated pathways identified by omics techniques were confirmed by phenotypic assays performed in the same study and comparison of particle types and cells by the same group indicated a more cell/organ-specific than particle specific regulation pattern. Between different studies moderate overlap of the regulated pathways was observed and cell-specific regulation is less obvious. The lack of standardization in particle exposure, in omics technologies, difficulties to translate mechanistic data to phenotypes and comparison with human in vivo data currently limit the use of these technologies in the prediction of toxic effects by NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstr. 24, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Krizkova S, Kepinska M, Emri G, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Pokorna P, Heger Z, Adam V. An insight into the complex roles of metallothioneins in malignant diseases with emphasis on (sub)isoforms/isoforms and epigenetics phenomena. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:90-117. [PMID: 28987322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) belong to a group of small cysteine-rich proteins that are ubiquitous throughout all kingdoms. The main function of MTs is scavenging of free radicals and detoxification and homeostating of heavy metals. In humans, 16 genes localized on chromosome 16 have been identified to encode four MT isoforms labelled by numbers (MT-1-MT-4). MT-2, MT-3 and MT-4 proteins are encoded by a single gene. MT-1 comprises many (sub)isoforms. The known active MT-1 genes are MT-1A, -1B, -1E, -1F, -1G, -1H, -1M and -1X. The rest of the MT-1 genes (MT-1C, -1D, -1I, -1J and -1L) are pseudogenes. The expression and localization of individual MT (sub)isoforms and pseudogenes vary at intra-cellular level and in individual tissues. Changes in MT expression are associated with the process of carcinogenesis of various types of human malignancies, or with a more aggressive phenotype and therapeutic resistance. Hence, MT (sub)isoform profiling status could be utilized for diagnostics and therapy of tumour diseases. This review aims on a comprehensive summary of methods for analysis of MTs at (sub)isoforms levels, their expression in single tumour diseases and strategies how this knowledge can be utilized in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Krizkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Kepinska
- Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tomas Eckschlager
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborova
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pokorna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, CZ-128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, CZ-150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Riebeling C, Jungnickel H, Luch A, Haase A. Systems Biology to Support Nanomaterial Grouping. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 947:143-171. [PMID: 28168668 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47754-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of potential health risks of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is a challenging task due to the high number and great variety of already existing and newly emerging ENMs. Reliable grouping or categorization of ENMs with respect to hazards could help to facilitate prioritization and decision making for regulatory purposes. The development of grouping criteria, however, requires a broad and comprehensive data basis. A promising platform addressing this challenge is the systems biology approach. The different areas of systems biology, most prominently transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, each of which provide a wealth of data that can be used to reveal novel biomarkers and biological pathways involved in the mode-of-action of ENMs. Combining such data with classical toxicological data would enable a more comprehensive understanding and hence might lead to more powerful and reliable prediction models. Physico-chemical data provide crucial information on the ENMs and need to be integrated, too. Overall statistical analysis should reveal robust grouping and categorization criteria and may ultimately help to identify meaningful biomarkers and biological pathways that sufficiently characterize the corresponding ENM subgroups. This chapter aims to give an overview on the different systems biology technologies and their current applications in the field of nanotoxicology, as well as to identify the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Riebeling
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Jungnickel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Luch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Haase
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany.
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In vitro toxicity assessment of oral nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 106:381-401. [PMID: 27544694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The fascinating properties of nanomaterials opened new frontiers in medicine. Nanocarriers are useful systems in transporting drugs to site-specific targets. The unique physico-chemical characteristics making nanocarriers promising devices to treat diseases may also be responsible for potential adverse effects. In order to develop functional nano-based drug delivery systems, efficacy and safety should be carefully evaluated. To date, no common testing strategy to address nanomaterial toxicological challenges has been generated. Different cell culture models are currently used to evaluate nanocarrier safety using conventional in vitro assays, but overall they have generated a huge amount of conflicting data. In this review we describe state-of-the-art approaches for in vitro testing of orally administered nanocarriers, highlighting the importance of developing harmonized and validated standard operating procedures. These procedures should be applied in a safe-by-design context with the aim to reduce and/or eliminate the uncertainties and risks associated with nanomedicine development.
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33
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van der Zande M, Undas AK, Kramer E, Monopoli MP, Peters RJ, Garry D, Antunes Fernandes EC, Hendriksen PJ, Marvin HJP, Peijnenburg AA, Bouwmeester H. Different responses of Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells to silver nanoparticles are based on highly similar mechanisms of action. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:1431-1441. [PMID: 27597447 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2016.1225132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mode of action of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is suggested to be exerted through both Ag+ and AgNP dependent mechanisms. Ingestion is one of the major NP exposure routes, and potential effects are often studied using Caco-2 cells, a well-established model for the gut epithelium. MCF-7 cells are epithelial breast cancer cells with extensive well-characterized toxicogenomics profiles. In the present study, we aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the cellular molecular responses in Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells after AgNP exposure in order to evaluate whether epithelial cells derived from different tissues demonstrated similar responses. These insights could possibly reduce the size of cell panels for NP hazard identification screening purposes. AgNPs of 20, 30, 60, and 110 nm, and AgNO3 were exposed for 6 h and 24 h. AgNPs were shown to be taken up and dissolve intracellularly. Compared with MCF-7 cells, Caco-2 cells showed a higher sensitivity to AgNPs, slower gene expression kinetics and absence of NP size-dependent responses. However, on a molecular level, no significant differences were observed between the two cell types. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Ag(NP) exposure caused (oxidative) stress responses, possibly leading to cell death in both cell lines. There was no indication for effects specifically induced by AgNPs. Responses to AgNPs appeared to be induced by silver ions released from the AgNPs. In conclusion, differences in mRNA responses to AgNPs between Caco-2 and MCF-7 cells were mainly related to timing and magnitude, but not to a different underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike van der Zande
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - Anna K Undas
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - Evelien Kramer
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | | | - Ruud J Peters
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - David Garry
- b University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Peter J Hendriksen
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - Hans J P Marvin
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - Ad A Peijnenburg
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- a RIKILT - Wageningen University & Research Centre , Wageningen , The Netherlands and
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Lorscheidt S, Lamprecht A. Safety assessment of nanoparticles for drug delivery by means of classic in vitro assays and beyond. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1545-1558. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1198773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lorscheidt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- FDE (EA4267), University of Burgundy/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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35
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Goldstein A, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Lewis A, Kohen R. The bright side of plasmonic gold nanoparticles; activation of Nrf2, the cellular protective pathway. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11748-11759. [PMID: 27224746 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely investigated for cancer therapy, due to their ability to strongly absorb light and convert it to heat and thus selectively destroy tumor cells. In this study we shed light on a new aspect of AuNPs and their plasmonic excitation, wherein they can provide anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection by stimulating the cellular protective Nrf2 pathway. Our study was carried out on cells of the immune system, macrophages, and on skin cells, keratinocytes. A different response to AuNPs was noted in the two types of cells, explained by their distinct uptake profiles. In keratinocytes, the exposure to AuNPs, even at low concentrations, was sufficient to activate the Nrf2 pathway, without any irradiation, due to the presence of free AuNPs inside the cytosol. In contrast, in macrophages, the plasmonic excitation of the AuNPs by a low, non-lethal irradiation dose was required for their release from the constraining vesicles. The mechanism by which AuNPs activate the Nrf2 pathway was studied. Direct and indirect activation were suggested, based on the inherent ability of the AuNPs to react with thiol groups and to generate reactive oxygen species, in particular, under plasmonic excitation. The ability of AuNPs to directly activate the Nrf2 pathway renders them good candidates for treatment of disorders in which the up-regulation of Nrf2 is beneficial, specifically for topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Goldstein
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel. and Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Aaron Lewis
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
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36
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Gonzales GB, Smagghe G, Vissenaekens H, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Van de Wiele T, Raes K, Van Camp J. Quercetin mitigates valinomycin-induced cellular stress via stress-induced metabolism and cell uptake. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:972-80. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Bryan Gonzales
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Hanne Vissenaekens
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Laboratory of Agrozoology; Department of Crop Protection; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
- Department of Applied Biological Science; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (NutriFOODChem); Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Belgium
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37
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Gioria S, Lobo Vicente J, Barboro P, La Spina R, Tomasi G, Urbán P, Kinsner-Ovaskainen A, François R, Chassaigne H. A combined proteomics and metabolomics approach to assess the effects of gold nanoparticles in vitro. Nanotoxicology 2016; 10:736-48. [PMID: 26647645 PMCID: PMC4898143 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2015.1121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Omics technologies, such as proteomics or metabolomics, have to date been applied in the field of nanomaterial safety assessment to a limited extent. To address this dearth, we developed an integrated approach combining the two techniques to study the effects of two sizes, 5 and 30 nm, of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in Caco-2 cells. We observed differences in cells exposed for 72 h to each size of AuNPs: 61 responsive (up/down-regulated) proteins were identified and 35 metabolites in the cell extract were tentatively annotated. Several altered biological pathways were highlighted by integrating the obtained multi-omics data with bioinformatic tools. This provided a unique set of molecular information on the effects of nanomaterials at cellular level. This information was supported by complementary data obtained by immunochemistry, microscopic analysis, and multiplexed assays. A part from increasing our knowledge on how the cellular processes and pathways are affected by nanomaterials (NMs), these findings could be used to identify specific biomarkers of toxicity or to support the safe-by-design concept in the development of new nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Gioria
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Joana Lobo Vicente
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Paola Barboro
- b IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genova , Italy
| | - Rita La Spina
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Giorgio Tomasi
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Patricia Urbán
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | | | - Rossi François
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
| | - Hubert Chassaigne
- a European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection , Ispra , Italy and
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38
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Sahu SC. Altered global gene expression profiles in human gastrointestinal epithelial Caco2 cells exposed to nanosilver. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:262-268. [PMID: 28959546 PMCID: PMC5615829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive consumer exposure to food- and cosmetics-related consumer products containing nanosilver is of public safety concern. Therefore, there is a need for suitable in vitro models and sensitive predictive rapid screening methods to assess their toxicity. Toxicogenomic profile showing subtle changes in gene expressions following nanosilver exposure is a sensitive toxicological endpoint for this purpose. We evaluated the Caco2 cells and global gene expression profiles as tools for predictive rapid toxicity screening of nanosilver. We evaluated and compared the gene expression profiles of Caco-2 cells exposed to 20 nm and 50 nm nanosilver at a concentration 2.5 μg/ml. The global gene expression analysis of Caco2 cells exposed to 20 nm nanosilver showed that a total of 93 genes were altered at 4 h exposure, out of which 90 genes were up-regulated and 3 genes were down-regulated. The 24 h exposure of 20 nm silver altered 15 genes in Caco2 cells, out of which 14 were up-regulated and one was down-regulated. The most pronounced changes in gene expression were detected at 4 h. The greater size (50 nm) nanosilver at 4 h exposure altered more genes by more different pathways than the smaller (20 nm) one. Metallothioneins and heat shock proteins were highly up-regulated as a result of exposure to both the nanosilvers. The cellular pathways affected by the nanosilver exposure is likely to lead to increased toxicity. The results of our study presented here suggest that the toxicogenomic characterization of Caco2 cells is a valuable in vitro tool for assessing toxicity of nanomaterials such as nanosilver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saura C. Sahu
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Yao M, He L, McClements DJ, Xiao H. Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles by Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Impact of Particle Size on Their Absorption, Accumulation, and Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:8044-8049. [PMID: 26313743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials have been increasingly utilized in many consumer products, which has led to concerns about their potential toxicity. At present, there is limited knowledge about the gastrointestinal fate and cytotoxicity of ingested inorganic nanoparticles. This study determined the influence of particle size and concentration of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on their absorption, accumulation, and cytotoxicity in model intestinal epithelial cells. As the mean particle diameter of the AuNPs decreased (from 100 to 50 to 15 nm), their rate of absorption by the intestinal epithelium cells increased, but their cellular accumulation in the epithelial cells decreased. Moreover, accumulation of AuNPs caused cytotoxicity in the intestinal epithelial cells, which was evidenced by depolarization of mitochondria membranes. These results provide important insights into the relationship between the dimensions of AuNPs and their gastrointestinal uptake and potential cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Yao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lili He
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts-Amherst , Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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