1
|
Soltabayeva A, Kurmanbayeva A, Bekturova A, Oshanova D, Nurbekova Z, Srivastava S, Standing D, Zdunek-Zastocka E, Sagi M. Endogenous ureides are employed as a carbon source in Arabidopsis plants exposed to carbon starvation conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 344:112108. [PMID: 38705480 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Ureides, the degraded products of purine catabolism in Arabidopsis, have been shown to act as antioxidant and nitrogen sources. Herein we elucidate purine degraded metabolites as a carbon source using the Arabidopsis Atxdh1, Ataln, and Ataah knockout (KO) mutants vis-à-vis wild-type (WT) plants. Plants were grown under short-day conditions on agar plates containing half-strength MS medium with or without 1% sucrose. Notably, the absence of sucrose led to diminished biomass accumulation in both shoot and root tissues of the Atxdh1, Ataln, and Ataah mutants, while no such effect was observed in WT plants. Moreover, the application of sucrose resulted in a reduction of purine degradation metabolite levels, specifically xanthine and allantoin, predominantly within the roots of WT plants. Remarkably, an increase in proteins associated with the purine degradation pathway was observed in WT plants in the presence of sucrose. Lower glyoxylate levels in the roots but not in the shoot of the Atxdh1 mutant in comparison to WT, were observed under sucrose limitation, and improved by sucrose application in root, indicating that purine degradation provided glyoxylate in the root. Furthermore, the deficit of purine-degraded metabolites in the roots of mutants subjected to carbon starvation was partially mitigated through allantoin application. Collectively, these findings signify that under conditions of sucrose limitation and short-day growth, purines are primarily remobilized within the root system to augment the availability of ureides, serving as an additional carbon (as well as nitrogen) source to support plant growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Soltabayeva
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana Z05H0P9, Kazakhstan
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
- Warsaw Univ Life Sci, Inst Biol, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw PL-02776, Poland
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel; Katif Research Center for Development of Coastal Deserts, Netivot 87710, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Saghier AM, Enaili SS, Abdou A, Hamed AM, Kadry AM. Synthesis, docking and biological evaluation of purine-5- N-isosteresas anti-inflammatory agents. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17785-17800. [PMID: 38832248 PMCID: PMC11146149 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02970d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple one-pot three-component and convenient synthesis method for a series of diverse purine analogues of 5-amino-7-(substituted)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-4,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-2-carboxamide derivatives generated in situ via the reaction of 2-hydrazinyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-2-thioxoacetamide, cyanoguanidine and a variety of aldehydes was achieved under green conditions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the newly synthesized compounds using indomethacin as a reference medication; all compounds were tested for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using the inhibition of albumin denaturation, RBC hemolysis technique and COX inhibition assay. The results showed that all evaluated compounds exhibited significant in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy leading to excellently effective RBC membrane stabilization, inhibition of protein denaturation, and inhibition of COX enzymes when compared to those of indomethacin. At concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 300 μg ml-1, these compounds decreased COX-1 and COX-2 activities more than indomethacin and have IC50 values in the range of 40.04-87.29 μg ml-1 for COX-1 and 27.76-42.3 μg ml-1 for COX-2 while indomethacin showed IC50 = 91.57 for COX-1 and 42.66 μg ml-1 for COX-2. The anti-inflammatory findings show the need for more investigation to define the properties underlying the evaluated compounds' anti-inflammatory abilities. The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX 2) (PDB ID: 5IKT) was docked with ten synthetic substances. With docking scores (S) of -8.82, -7.82, and -7.76 kcal mol-1, 7-furan triazolo-triazine (4), 7-(2-hydroxy phenyl) triazolo-triazine (11), and 7-(4-dimethylamino phenyl) triazolo-triazine (12) had the greatest binding affinities, respectively. Therefore, these substances have COX-2 (PDB ID: 5IKT) inhibitory capabilities and hence may be investigated for COX 2 targeting development. Furthermore, both the top-ranked compounds (4 and 11) and the standard indomethacin were subjected to DFT analysis. The HOMO - LUMO energy difference (ΔE) of the mentioned compounds was found to be less than that of indomethacin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Saghier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University 282524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Souhaila S Enaili
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University 282524 Sohag Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al Zawiya University Al Zawiya Libya
| | - Aly Abdou
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University 282524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Amany M Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University 282524 Sohag Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Kadry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University 282524 Sohag Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lilay GH, Thiébaut N, du Mee D, Assunção AGL, Schjoerring JK, Husted S, Persson DP. Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:881-902. [PMID: 38433319 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient-use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grmay Hailu Lilay
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Noémie Thiébaut
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Earth and Life Institute, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348, Belgium
| | - Dorine du Mee
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Ana G L Assunção
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie T, Hu W, Shen J, Xu J, Yang Z, Chen X, Zhu P, Chen M, Chen S, Zhang H, Cheng J. Allantoate Amidohydrolase OsAAH is Essential for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:28. [PMID: 38622442 PMCID: PMC11018578 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an undesirable trait that decreases yield and quality in rice production. Understanding the genes and regulatory mechanisms underlying PHS is of great significance for breeding PHS-resistant rice. In this study, we identified a mutant, preharvest sprouting 39 (phs39), that exhibited an obvious PHS phenotype in the field. MutMap+ analysis and transgenic experiments demonstrated that OsAAH, which encodes allantoate amidohydrolase, is the causal gene of phs39 and is essential for PHS resistance. OsAAH was highly expressed in roots and leaves at the heading stage and gradually increased and then weakly declined in the seed developmental stage. OsAAH protein was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, with a function of hydrolyzing allantoate in vitro. Disruption of OsAAH increased the levels of ureides (allantoate and allantoin) and activated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and thus increased energy levels in developing seeds. Additionally, the disruption of OsAAH significantly increased asparagine, arginine, and lysine levels, decreased tryptophan levels, and decreased levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Our findings revealed that the OsAAH of ureide catabolism is involved in the regulation of rice PHS via energy and hormone metabolisms, which will help to facilitate the breeding of rice PHS-resistant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenling Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangyu Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeyuan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Peiwen Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sunlu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jinping Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shang C, Chen J, Nkoh JN, Wang J, Chen S, Hu Z, Hussain Q. Biochemical and multi-omics analyses of response mechanisms of rhizobacteria to long-term copper and salt stress: Effect on soil physicochemical properties and growth of Avicennia marina. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133601. [PMID: 38309159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Mangroves are of important economic and environmental value and research suggests that their carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation potential is significantly larger than other forests. However, increasing salinity and heavy metal pollution significantly affect mangrove ecosystem function and productivity. This study investigates the tolerance mechanisms of rhizobacteria in the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina under salinity and copper (Cu) stress during a 4-y stress period. The results exhibited significant differences in antioxidant levels, transcripts, and secondary metabolites. Under salt stress, the differentially expressed metabolites consisted of 30% organic acids, 26.78% nucleotides, 16.67% organic heterocyclic compounds, and 10% organic oxides as opposed to 27.27% organic acids, 24.24% nucleotides, 15.15% organic heterocyclic compounds, and 12.12% phenyl propane and polyketides under Cu stress. This resulted in differential regulation of metabolic pathways, with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis being unique to Cu stress and alanine/aspartate/glutamate metabolism and α-linolenic acid metabolism being unique to salt stress. The regulation of metabolic pathways enhanced antioxidant defenses, nutrient recycling, accumulation of osmoprotectants, stability of plasma membrane, and chelation of Cu, thereby improving the stress tolerance of rhizobacteria and A. marina. Even though the abundance and community structure of rhizobacteria were significantly changed, all the samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes. Since the response mechanisms were unbalanced between treatments, this led to differential growth trends for A. marina. Our study provides valuable inside on variations in diversity and composition of bacterial community structure from mangrove rhizosphere subjected to long-term salt and Cu stress. It also clarifies rhizobacterial adaptive mechanisms to these stresses and how they are important for mitigating abiotic stress and promoting plant growth. Therefore, this study can serve as a reference for future research aimed at developing long-term management practices for mangrove forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Shang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, PR China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
| | - Junjie Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Quaid Hussain
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Collaborative Innovation of Marine Algae Industry, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kong CH, Li Z, Li FL, Xia XX, Wang P. Chemically Mediated Plant-Plant Interactions: Allelopathy and Allelobiosis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:626. [PMID: 38475470 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions are a central driver for plant coexistence and community assembly. Chemically mediated plant-plant interactions are represented by allelopathy and allelobiosis. Both allelopathy and allelobiosis are achieved through specialized metabolites (allelochemicals or signaling chemicals) produced and released from neighboring plants. Allelopathy exerts mostly negative effects on the establishment and growth of neighboring plants by allelochemicals, while allelobiosis provides plant neighbor detection and identity recognition mediated by signaling chemicals. Therefore, plants can chemically affect the performance of neighboring plants through the allelopathy and allelobiosis that frequently occur in plant-plant intra-specific and inter-specific interactions. Allelopathy and allelobiosis are two probably inseparable processes that occur together in plant-plant chemical interactions. Here, we comprehensively review allelopathy and allelobiosis in plant-plant interactions, including allelopathy and allelochemicals and their application for sustainable agriculture and forestry, allelobiosis and plant identity recognition, chemically mediated root-soil interactions and plant-soil feedback, and biosynthesis and the molecular mechanisms of allelochemicals and signaling chemicals. Altogether, these efforts provide the recent advancements in the wide field of allelopathy and allelobiosis, and new insights into the chemically mediated plant-plant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hua Kong
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Feng-Li Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Xin Xia
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nemadodzi LE, Managa GM. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Profile of Green and Red Amaranthus Grown in Open Field versus Greenhouse Cultivation System. Metabolites 2023; 14:21. [PMID: 38248824 PMCID: PMC10819972 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, indigenous African leafy vegetables such as Amaranthus, blackjack, jute mallow, cleome monophyla, and spider plants have been conventionally and organically grown as weeds in open fields. However, the lack of land space due to the increase in population has resulted in unconventional, modern, and advanced agricultural farming. The introduction of a greenhouse has recently become the second most popular growing system alongside shade net and glasshouse to increase productivity and meet consumers' demand. Several studies on Amaranthus species have solely focused on physiological parameters and nutritional composition, leaving a huge gap on their metabolomic profile of the leaves which is crucial to comprehend when growing Amaranthus species in different cropping systems. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the influence of different cropping systems on the release of metabolites of two commonly consumed Amaranthus species in South Africa. H1 -Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) tool was used to profile the untargeted metabolites of green (Amaranthus graecizans L.) and red (Amaranthus cruentus L.) species. A total of 12 metabolites-trehalose, betaine, glutamine, choline, sucrose, caprate, adenosine, asparagine, carnitine, caffeine, aspartate, and alanine-were detected in green amaranth grown in open fields. Except for caffeine, aspartate, and caprate, which were found in the green amaranth grown in open fields, all the other metabolites were detected in the greenhouse grown once. Interestingly, allantoin, which serves as an allelochemical, was the sole distinct metabolite detected in greenhouse cultivated green amaranth. On the contrary, seven similar metabolites were quantified in red amaranth grown in both open fields and greenhouses, apart from caffeine, which was only detected in greenhouse-cultivated red amaranth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi Y, Liu D, He Y, Tang J, Chen H, Gong P, Luo JS, Zhang Z. CHLORIDE CHANNEL-b mediates vacuolar nitrate efflux to improve low nitrogen adaptation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1987-2002. [PMID: 37527482 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is an important organelle for nitrate storage, and the reuse of vacuolar nitrate under nitrate starvation helps plants adapt to low-nitrate environments. CHLORIDE CHANNEL-b (CLC-b) in the vacuolar membrane is a nitrate transporter; however, its regulation and effects on nitrate efflux have not been established. Here, we evaluated CLC-b expression and its effects on physiological parameters under low nitrate conditions. CLC-b expression increased significantly in the roots of wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Col-0 under nitrate starvation. Under low nitrate, clcb mutants showed reductions in chlorophyll content and xylem sap nitrate concentration, shoot/root nitrate ratios, shoot/root total N ratios, and biomass. CLC-b-overexpression yielded opposite phenotypes and increased nitrogen use efficiency. CLC-b mutants showed elevated chlorate tolerance and an increased proportion of vacuolar nitrate relative to the total protoplast nitrate content as compared to the wild type. Yeast 1-hybrid, EMSA, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that HRS1 HOMOLOG2 (HHO2), the expression of which is downregulated under low nitrate, binds directly to the promoter of CLC-b. clcb/hho2 double mutants and HHO2-overexpressing clcb plants had similar phenotypes under low nitrate to those of clcb single mutants. Thus, CLC-b mediates vacuolar nitrate efflux and is negatively regulated by HHO2, providing a theoretical basis for improving plant adaptability to low nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Shi
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dong Liu
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiqi He
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Tang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haifei Chen
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pan Gong
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jin-Song Luo
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition in Common University, National Engineering Laboratory on Soil and Fertilizer Resources Efficient Utilization, Changsha 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meng X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Nai F, Wei Y, Li Y, Wang X, Ma X, Tegeder M. Multi-scale analysis provides insights into the roles of ureide permeases in wheat nitrogen use efficiency. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5564-5590. [PMID: 37478311 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The ureides allantoin and allantoate serve as nitrogen (N) transport compounds in plants, and more recently, allantoin has been shown to play a role in signaling. In planta, tissue ureide levels are controlled by the activity of enzymes of the purine degradation pathway and by ureide transporters called ureide permeases (UPS). Little is known about the physiological function of UPS proteins in crop plants, and especially in monocotyledon species. Here, we identified 13 TaUPS genes in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome. Phylogenetic and genome location analyses revealed a close relationship of wheat UPSs to orthologues in other grasses and a division into TaUPS1, TaUPS2.1, and TaUPS2.2 groups, each consisting of three homeologs, with a total of four tandem duplications. Expression, localization, and biochemical analyses resolved spatio-temporal expression patterns of TaUPS genes, transporter localization at the plasma membrane, and a role for TaUPS2.1 proteins in cellular import of ureides and phloem and seed loading. In addition, positive correlations between TaUPS1 and TaUPS2.1 transcripts and ureide levels were found. Together the data support that TaUPSs function in regulating ureide pools at source and sink, along with source-to-sink transport. Moreover, comparative studies between wheat cultivars grown at low and high N strengthened a role for TaUPS1 and TaUPS2.1 transporters in efficient N use and in controlling primary metabolism. Co-expression, protein-protein interaction, and haplotype analyses further support TaUPS involvement in N partitioning, N use efficiency, and domestication. Overall, this work provides a new understanding on UPS transporters in grasses as well as insights for breeding resilient wheat varieties with improved N use efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Huali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Furong Nai
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yongchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Wheat, Henan Technology Innovation Centre of Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xinming Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu L, Zhang P, Feng G, Hou W, Liu T, Gai Z, Shen Y, Qiu X, Li X. Salt priming induces low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet via xanthine metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107810. [PMID: 37321038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the physiological mechanisms involved in xanthine metabolism during salt priming for improving low-temperature tolerance, salt priming (SP), xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor (XOI), exogenous allantoin (EA), and back-supplemented EA (XOI + EA) treatments were given and the low-temperature tolerance of sugar beet was tested. Under low-temperature stress, salt priming promoted the growth of sugar beet leaves and increased the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm). However, during salt priming, either XOI or EA treatment alone increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, in the leaves under low-temperature stress. XOI treatment increased allantoinase activity with its gene (BvallB) expression under low-temperature stress. Compared to the XOI treatment, the EA treatment alone and the XOI + EA treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. At low temperatures, the sucrose content and the activity of key carbohydrate enzymes (AGPase, Cylnv, and FK) were significantly reduced by XOI compared to the changes under salt priming. XOI also stimulated the expression of protein phosphatase 2C and sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase (BvSNRK2). The results of a correlation network analysis showed that BvallB was positively correlated with malondialdehyde, D-Fructose-6-phosphate, and D-Glucose-6-phosphate, and negatively correlated with BvPOX42, BvSNRK2, dehydroascorbate reductase, and catalase. These results suggested that salt-induced xanthine metabolism modulated ROS metabolism, photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and carbohydrate metabolism, thus enhancing low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet. Additionally, xanthine and allantoin were found to play key roles in plant stress resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guozhong Feng
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Wenfeng Hou
- College of Resources and Environment / Key Laboratory of Straw Comprehensive Utilization and Black Soil Conservation, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tianhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Zhijia Gai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, China
| | - Yanhui Shen
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xin Qiu
- College of Economics and Management, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xiangnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Raihan MRH, Rahman M, Rastogi A, Fujita M, Hasanuzzaman M. Exogenous Allantoin Confers Rapeseed ( Brassica campestris) Tolerance to Simulated Drought by Improving Antioxidant Metabolism and Physiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1508. [PMID: 37627503 PMCID: PMC10451791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Allantoin is an emerging plant metabolite, but its role in conferring drought-induced oxidative stress is still elusive. Therefore, an experiment was devised to explore the role of allantoin (0.5 and 1.0 mM; foliar spray) in rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-17) under drought. Seedlings at fifteen days of age were subjected to drought, maintaining soil moisture levels at 50% and 25% field capacities, while well-irrigated plants served as the control group. Drought-stressed plants exhibited increased levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and impaired glyoxalase systems. Thus, the growth, biomass, and yield attributes of rapeseed were significantly impaired under drought. However, the allantoin-supplemented plants showed a notable increase in their contents of ascorbate and glutathione and decreased dehydroascorbate and glutathione disulfide contents under drought. Moreover, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were accelerated with the allantoin spray and the glyoxalase system was also enhanced under drought. Moreover, the improvement in water balance with reduction in proline and potassium ion contents was also observed when allantoin was applied to the plants. Overall, the beneficial effects of allantoin supplementation resulted in the improved plant growth, biomass, and yield of rapeseed under drought conditions. These findings suggest that allantoin acts as an efficient metabolite in mitigating the oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms and the glyoxalase system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nguyen CX, Dohnalkova A, Hancock CN, Kirk KR, Stacey G, Stacey MG. Critical role for uricase and xanthine dehydrogenase in soybean nitrogen fixation and nodule development. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20171. [PMID: 34904377 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
De novo purine biosynthesis is required for the incorporation of fixed nitrogen in ureide exporting nodules, as formed on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] roots. However, in many cases, the enzymes involved in this pathway have been deduced strictly from genome annotations with little direct genetic evidence, such as mutant studies, to confirm their biochemical function or importance to nodule development. While efforts to develop large mutant collections of soybean are underway, research on this plant is still hampered by the inability to obtain mutations in any specific gene of interest. Using a forward genetic approach, as well as CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing via Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root transformation, we identified and characterized the role of GmUOX (Uricase) and GmXDH (Xanthine Dehydrogenase) in nitrogen fixation and nodule development in soybean. The gmuox knockout soybean mutants displayed nitrogen deficiency chlorosis and early nodule senescence, as exemplified by the reduced nitrogenase (acetylene reduction) activity in nodules, the internal greenish-white internal appearance of nodules, and diminished leghemoglobin production. In addition, gmuox1 nodules showed collapsed infected cells with degraded cytoplasm, aggregated bacteroids with no discernable symbiosome membranes, and increased formation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate granules. Similarly, knockout gmxdh mutant nodules, generated with the CRISPR/Cas9 system, also exhibited early nodule senescence. These genetic studies confirm the critical role of the de novo purine metabolisms pathway not only in the incorporation of fixed nitrogen but also in the successful development of a functional, nitrogen-fixing nodule. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the great utility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for studying root-associated gene traits when coupled with hairy root transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuong X Nguyen
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Alice Dohnalkova
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - C Nathan Hancock
- Dep. of Biology & Geology, Univ. of South Carolina, Aiken, SC, 29801, USA
| | - Kendall R Kirk
- Edisto Research & Education Center, Clemson Univ., Blackville, SC, 29817, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Division of Biochemistry, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Minviluz G Stacey
- Division of Plant Sciences, Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
López CM, Alseekh S, Torralbo F, Martínez Rivas FJ, Fernie AR, Amil-Ruiz F, Alamillo JM. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals that symbiotic nitrogen fixation enhances drought resistance in common bean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3203-3219. [PMID: 36883579 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), one of the most important legume crops, uses atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with soil rhizobia, reducing the need for nitrogen fertilization. However, this legume is particularly sensitive to drought conditions, prevalent in arid regions where this crop is cultured. Therefore, studying the response to drought is important to sustain crop productivity. We have used integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to understand the molecular responses to water deficit in a marker-class common bean accession cultivated under N2 fixation or fertilized with nitrate (NO3-). RNA-seq revealed more transcriptional changes in the plants fertilized with NO3- than in the N2-fixing plants. However, changes in N2-fixing plants were more associated with drought tolerance than in those fertilized with NO3-. N2-fixing plants accumulated more ureides in response to drought, and GC/MS and LC/MS analysis of primary and secondary metabolite profiles revealed that N2-fixing plants also had higher levels of abscisic acid, proline, raffinose, amino acids, sphingolipids, and triacylglycerols than those fertilized with NO3-. Moreover, plants grown under nitrogen fixation recovered from drought better than plants fertilized with NO3-. Altogether we show that common bean plants grown under symbiotic nitrogen fixation were more protected against drought than the plants fertilized with nitrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mª López
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CEIA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Fernando Torralbo
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CEIA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Francisco Amil-Ruiz
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Unidad de Bioinformática, Campus de Rabanales, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josefa M Alamillo
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CEIA3, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chowrasia S, Nishad J, Mahato R, Kiran K, Rajkumari N, Panda AK, Rawal HC, Barman M, Mondal TK. Allantoin improves salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis and rice through synergid activation of abscisic acid and brassinosteroid biosynthesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s11103-023-01350-8. [PMID: 37184674 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01350-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity stress is one of the major bottlenecks for crop production. Although, allantoin is known to be involved in nitrogen metabolism in plants, yet several reports in recent time indicate its involvement in various abiotic stress responses including salinity stress. However, the detail mechanism of allantoin involvement in salinity stress tolerance in plants is not studied well. Moreover, we demonstrated the role of exogenous application of allantoin as well as increased concentration of endogenous allantoin in rendering salinity tolerance in rice and Arabidopsis respectively, via., induction of abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis pathways. Exogenous application of allantoin (10 µM) provides salt-tolerance to salt-sensitive rice genotype (IR-29). Transcriptomic data after exogenous supplementation of allantoin under salinity stress showed induction of ABA (OsNCED1) and BR (Oscytochrome P450) biosynthesis genes in IR-29. Further, the key gene of allantoin biosynthesis pathway i.e., urate oxidase of the halophytic species Oryza coarctata was also found to induce ABA and BR biosynthesis genes when over-expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. Thus, indicating that ABA and BR biosynthesis pathways were involved in allantoin mediated salinity tolerance in both rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, it has been found that several physio-chemical parameters such as biomass, Na+/K+ ratio, MDA, soluble sugar, proline, allantoin and chlorophyll contents were also associated with the allantoin-mediated salinity tolerance in urate oxidase overexpressed lines of Arabidopsis. These findings depicted the functional conservation of allantoin for salinity tolerance in both plant clades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soni Chowrasia
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Jyoti Nishad
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rekha Mahato
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kanti Kiran
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Nitasana Rajkumari
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Alok Kumar Panda
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Hukam C Rawal
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mandira Barman
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- LBS Centre, ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Takemura H, Choi JH, Fushimi K, Narikawa R, Wu J, Kondo M, Nelson DC, Suzuki T, Ouchi H, Inai M, Hirai H, Kawagishi H. Role of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in the metabolism of fairy chemicals in rice. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2556-2561. [PMID: 36880328 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Fairy chemicals (FCs), 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX), imidazole-4-carboxamide (ICA), and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH), are molecules with many diverse functions in plants. The defined biosynthetic pathway for FCs is a novel purine metabolism in which they are biosynthesized from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide. Here, we show that one of the purine salvage enzymes, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), recognizes AHX and AOH as substrates. Two novel compounds, AOH ribonucleotide and its ribonucleoside which are the derivatives of AOH, were enzymatically synthesized. The structures were determined by mass spectrometry, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. This report demonstrates the function of HGPRT and the existence of novel purine metabolism associated with the biosynthesis of FCs in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirohide Takemura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Keiji Fushimi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Rei Narikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Jing Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kondo
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - David C Nelson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Tomohiro Suzuki
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Minemachi, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ouchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Makoto Inai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kawagishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
- Research Institute for Mushroom Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sandalio LM, Collado-Arenal AM, Romero-Puertas MC. Deciphering peroxisomal reactive species interactome and redox signalling networks. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 197:58-70. [PMID: 36642282 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are highly dynamic organelles with regard to metabolic pathways, number and morphology and participate in different metabolic processes and cell responses to their environment. Peroxisomes from animal and plant cells house a complex system of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated to different metabolic pathways which are under control of an important set of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidative defenses. Nitric oxide (NO) and its derivate reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also produced in these organelles. Peroxisomes can regulate ROS and NO/RNS levels to allow their role as signalling molecules. The metabolism of other reactive species such as carbonyl reactive species (CRS) and sulfur reactive species (SRS) in peroxisomes and their relationship with ROS and NO have not been explored in depth. In this review, we define a peroxisomal reactive species interactome (PRSI), including all reactive species ROS, RNS, CRS and SRS, their interaction and effect on target molecules contributing to the dynamic redox/ROS homeostasis and plasticity of peroxisomes, enabling fine-tuned regulation of signalling networks associated with peroxisome-dependent H2O2. Particular attention will be paid to update the information available on H2O2-dependent peroxisomal retrograde signalling and to discuss a specific peroxisomal footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain.
| | - Aurelio M Collado-Arenal
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| | - María C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda 1, 18008, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nucleotide Imbalance, Provoked by Downregulation of Aspartate Transcarbamoylase Impairs Cold Acclimation in Arabidopsis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041585. [PMID: 36838573 PMCID: PMC9959217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATC) catalyzes the first committed step in pyrimidine de novo synthesis. As shown before, mutants with 80% reduced transcript and protein levels exhibit reduced levels of pyrimidine metabolites and thus nucleotide limitation and imbalance. Consequently, reduced photosynthetic capacity and growth, accompanied by massive transcriptional changes, were observed. Here, we show that nucleotide de novo synthesis was upregulated during cold acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia, Col-0) plants, but ATC knockdown mutants failed to acclimate to this condition as they did not accumulate neutral sugars and anthocyanins. A global transcriptome analysis revealed that most of the transcriptional changes observed in Col-0 plants upon cold exposure were also evident in ATC knockdown plants. However, several responses observed in cold-treated Col-0 plants could already be detected in knockdown plants when grown under standard conditions, suggesting that these mutants exhibited typical cold responses without prior cold stimulation. We believe that nucleotide signaling is involved in "cold-like priming" and "cold acclimation" in general. The observed transcript levels of genes involved in central carbon metabolism and respiration were an exception to these findings. These were upregulated in the cold but downregulated in warm-grown ATC mutants.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lopez AJ, Narvaez-Ortiz HY, Rincon-Benavides MA, Pulido DC, Fuentes Suarez LE, Zimmermann BH. New Insights into rice pyrimidine catabolic enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1079778. [PMID: 36818891 PMCID: PMC9930899 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1079778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rice is a primary global food source, and its production is affected by abiotic stress, caused by climate change and other factors. Recently, the pyrimidine reductive catabolic pathway, catalyzed by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPD), dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) and β-ureidopropionase (β-UP), has emerged as a potential participant in the abiotic stress response of rice. METHODS The rice enzymes were produced as recombinant proteins, and two were kinetically characterized. Rice dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), an enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis often confused with DHPD, was also characterized. Salt-sensitive and salt-resistant rice seedlings were subjected to salt stress (24 h) and metabolites in leaves were determined by mass spectrometry. RESULTS The OsDHPD sequence was homologous to the C-terminal half of mammalian DHPD, conserving FMN and uracil binding sites, but lacked sites for Fe/S clusters, FAD, and NADPH. OsDHPD, truncated to eliminate the chloroplast targeting peptide, was soluble, but inactive. Database searches for polypeptides homologous to the N-terminal half of mammalian DHPD, that could act as co-reductants, were unsuccessful. OsDHODH exhibited kinetic parameters similar to those of other plant DHODHs. OsDHP, truncated to remove a signal sequence, exhibited a kcat/Km = 3.6 x 103 s-1M-1. Osb-UP exhibited a kcat/Km = 1.8 x 104 s-1M-1. Short-term salt exposure caused insignificant differences in the levels of the ureide intermediates dihydrouracil and ureidopropionate in leaves of salt-sensitive and salt-resistant plants. Allantoin, a ureide metabolite of purine catabolism, was found to be significantly higher in the resistant cultivar compared to one of the sensitive cultivars. DISCUSSION OsDHP, the first plant enzyme to be characterized, showed low kinetic efficiency, but its activity may have been affected by truncation. Osb-UP exhibited kinetic parameters in the range of enzymes of secondary metabolism. Levels of two pathway metabolites were similar in sensitive and resistant cultivars and appeared to be unaffected by short-term salt exposure."
Collapse
|
19
|
Andresen E, Flores-Sanchez IJ, Brückner D, Bokhari SNH, Falkenberg G, Küpper H. Sublethal and lethal Cd toxicity in soybean roots specifically affects the metabolome, Cd binding to proteins and cellular distribution of Cd. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130062. [PMID: 36183514 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants were exposed to various Cd concentrations from background and low non-toxic (0.5-50 nM) via sublethally toxic (< 550 nM) to highly, ultimately lethally toxic (3 µM) concentrations. Plants were cultivated hydroponically for 10 weeks until pod development stage of the control plants. The threshold and mechanism of sublethal Cd toxicity was investigated by metabolomics and metalloproteomics (HPLC-ICP-MS) measuring metal binding to proteins in the harvested roots. Spatial distribution of Cd was revealed by µXRF-CT. Specific binding of Cd to proteins already at 50 nM Cd revealed the likely high-affinity protein binding targets in roots, identified by protein purification from natural abundance. This revealed allantoinase, aquaporins, peroxidases and protein disulfide isomerase as the most likely high-affinity targets of Cd binding. Cd was deposited in cortex cell vacuoles at sublethal and bound to the cell walls of the outer cortex and the vascular bundle at lethal Cd. Cd binding to proteins likely inhibits them, and possibly induces detoxification mechanisms, as verified by metabolomics: allantoic acid and allantoate increased due to sublethal Cd toxicity. Changes of the Cd binding pattern indicated a detoxification strategy at lower Cd, but saturated binding sites at higher Cd concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Andresen
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Isvett Josefina Flores-Sanchez
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dennis Brückner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gerald Falkenberg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Department Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Branišovská 31/1160, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Branišovská 31/1160, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Crystal Structure of Allantoinase from Escherichia coli BL21: A Molecular Insight into a Role of the Active Site Loops in Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020827. [PMID: 36677881 PMCID: PMC9863593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allantoinase (ALLase; EC 3.5.2.5) possesses a binuclear metal center in which two metal ions are bridged by a posttranslationally carbamylated lysine. ALLase acts as a key enzyme for the biogenesis and degradation of ureides by catalyzing the conversion of allantoin into allantoate. Biochemically, ALLase belongs to the cyclic amidohydrolase family, which also includes dihydropyrimidinase, dihydroorotase, hydantoinase (HYDase), and imidase. Previously, the crystal structure of ALLase from Escherichia coli K-12 (EcALLase-K12) was reported; however, the two active site loops crucial for substrate binding were not determined. This situation would limit further docking and protein engineering experiments. Here, we solved the crystal structure of E. coli BL21 ALLase (EcALLase-BL21) at a resolution of 2.07 Å (PDB ID 8HFD) to obtain more information for structural analyses. The structure has a classic TIM barrel fold. As compared with the previous work, the two missed active site loops in EcALLase-K12 were clearly determined in our structure of EcALLase-BL21. EcALLase-BL21 shared active site similarity with HYDase, an important biocatalyst for industrial production of semisynthetic penicillin and cephalosporins. Based on this structural comparison, we discussed the functional role of the two active site loops in EcALLase-BL21 to better understand the substrate/inhibitor binding mechanism for further biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Jia Q, Zhang J, Zeng H, Tang J, Xiao N, Gao S, Li H, Xie W. Substrate Specificity of GSDA Revealed by Cocrystal Structures and Binding Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314976. [PMID: 36499303 PMCID: PMC9739398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, guanosine deaminase (GSDA) catalyzes the deamination of guanosine for nitrogen recycling and re-utilization. We previously solved crystal structures of GSDA from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGSDA) and identified several novel substrates for this enzyme, but the structural basis of the enzyme activation/inhibition is poorly understood. Here, we continued to solve 8 medium-to-high resolution (1.85-2.60 Å) cocrystal structures, which involved AtGSDA and its variants bound by a few ligands, and investigated their binding modes through structural studies and thermal shift analysis. Besides the lack of a 2-amino group of these guanosine derivatives, we discovered that AtGSDA's inactivity was due to the its inability to seclude its active site. Furthermore, the C-termini of the enzyme displayed conformational diversities under certain circumstances. The lack of functional amino groups or poor interactions/geometries of the ligands at the active sites to meet the precise binding and activation requirements for deamination both contributed to AtGSDA's inactivity toward the ligands. Altogether, our combined structural and biochemical studies provide insight into GSDA.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lu S, Jia Z, Meng X, Chen Y, Wang S, Fu C, Yang L, Zhou R, Wang B, Cao Y. Combined Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Allantoin Enhances Drought Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214172. [PMID: 36430648 PMCID: PMC9699107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a misfortune for agriculture and human beings. The annual crop yield reduction caused by drought exceeds the sum of all pathogens. As one of the gatekeepers of China's "granary", rice is the most important to reveal the key drought tolerance factors in rice. Rice seedlings of Nipponbare (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Japonica) were subjected to simulated drought stress, and their root systems were analyzed for the non-targeted metabolome and strand-specific transcriptome. We found that both DEGs and metabolites were enriched in purine metabolism, and allantoin accumulated significantly in roots under drought stress. However, few studies on drought tolerance of exogenous allantoin in rice have been reported. We aimed to further determine whether allantoin can improve the drought tolerance of rice. Under the treatment of exogenous allantoin at different concentrations, the drought resistant metabolites of plants accumulated significantly, including proline and soluble sugar, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased and reached a significant level in 100 μmol L-1. To this end, a follow-up study was identified in 100 μmol L-1 exogenous allantoin and found that exogenous allantoin improved the drought resistance of rice. At the gene level, under allantoin drought treatment, we found that genes of scavenge reactive oxygen species were significantly expressed, including peroxidase (POD), catalase (CATA), ascorbate peroxidase 8 (APX8) and respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein F (RbohF). This indicates that plants treated by allantoin have better ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species to resist drought. Alternative splicing analysis revealed a total of 427 differentially expressed alternative splicing events across 320 genes. The analysis of splicing factors showed that gene alternative splicing could be divided into many different subgroups and play a regulatory role in many aspects. Through further analysis, we restated the key genes and enzymes in the allantoin synthesis and catabolism pathway, and found that the expression of synthetase and hydrolase showed a downward trend. The pathway of uric acid to allantoin is completed by uric acid oxidase (UOX). To find out the key transcription factors that regulate the expression of this gene, we identified two highly related transcription factors OsERF059 and ONAC007 through correlation analysis. They may be the key for allantoin to enhance the drought resistance of rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Zichang Jia
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yaoyu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Surong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Chaozhen Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yunying Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
- Correspondence: (B.W.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Le Boulch P, Poëssel JL, Roux D, Lugan R. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to Myzus persicae conferred by the peach Rm2 gene: A multi-omics view. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:992544. [PMID: 36275570 PMCID: PMC9581297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.992544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of peach to Myzus persicae infestation were studied in Rubira, an accession carrying the major resistance gene Rm2 causing antixenosis, and GF305, a susceptible accession. Transcriptome and metabolome showed both a massive reconfiguration in Rubira 48 hours after infestation while GF305 displayed very limited changes. The Rubira immune system was massively stimulated, with simultaneous activation of genes encoding cell surface receptors involved in pattern-triggered immunity and cytoplasmic NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing proteins) involved in effector-triggered immunity. Hypersensitive reaction featured by necrotic lesions surrounding stylet punctures was supported by the induction of cell death stimulating NLRs/helpers couples, as well as the activation of H2O2-generating metabolic pathways: photorespiratory glyoxylate synthesis and activation of the futile P5C/proline cycle. The triggering of systemic acquired resistance was suggested by the activation of pipecolate pathway and accumulation of this defense hormone together with salicylate. Important reduction in carbon, nitrogen and sulphur metabolic pools and the repression of many genes related to cell division and growth, consistent with reduced apices elongation, suggested a decline in the nutritional value of apices. Finally, the accumulation of caffeic acid conjugates pointed toward their contribution as deterrent and/or toxic compounds in the mechanisms of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Roux
- UMR Qualisud, Avignon Université, Avignon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Enzymes and cellular interplay required for flux of fixed nitrogen to ureides in bean nodules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5331. [PMID: 36088455 PMCID: PMC9464200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical legumes transport fixed nitrogen in form of ureides (allantoin and allantoate) over long distances from the nodules to the shoot. Ureides are formed in nodules from purine mononucleotides by a partially unknown reaction network that involves bacteroid-infected and uninfected cells. Here, we demonstrate by metabolic analysis of CRISPR mutant nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris defective in either xanthosine monophosphate phosphatase (XMPP), guanosine deaminase (GSDA), the nucleoside hydrolases 1 and 2 (NSH1, NSH2) or xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) that nodule ureide biosynthesis involves these enzymes and requires xanthosine and guanosine but not inosine monophosphate catabolism. Interestingly, promoter reporter analyses revealed that XMPP, GSDA and XDH are expressed in infected cells, whereas NSH1, NSH2 and the promoters of the downstream enzymes urate oxidase (UOX) and allantoinase (ALN) are active in uninfected cells. The data suggest a complex cellular organization of ureide biosynthesis with three transitions between infected and uninfected cells. Tropical legumes export fixed nitrogen from nodules as ureides. Here, the authors describe how ureides are produced by several biosynthetic enzymes in different nodule cell types and provide explanations for metabolic compartmentation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin ES, Huang CY. Cytotoxic Activities and the Allantoinase Inhibitory Effect of the Leaf Extract of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Nepenthes miranda. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2265. [PMID: 36079647 PMCID: PMC9460348 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nepenthes are carnivorous pitcher plants that have several ethnobotanical uses, such as curing stomachache and fever. Here, we prepared different extracts from the stem, leaf, and pitcher of Nepenthes miranda to further investigate their pharmacological potential. The leaf extract of N. miranda obtained by 100% acetone (N. miranda-leaf-acetone) was used in this study to analyze the cytotoxic activities, antioxidation capacity, antibacterial activity, and allantoinase (ALLase) inhibitory effect of this plant. The cytotoxic effects of N. miranda-leaf-acetone on the survival, apoptosis, and migration of the cancer cell lines PC-9 pulmonary adenocarcinoma, B16F10 melanoma, and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells were demonstrated. Based on collective data, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone followed the order: B16F10 > 4T1 > PC-9 cells. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of N. miranda-leaf-acetone were synergistically enhanced when co-acting with the clinical anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil. N. miranda-leaf-acetone could also inhibit the activity of ALLase, a key enzyme in the catabolism pathway for purine degradation. Through gas chromatography−mass spectrometry, the 16 most abundant ingredients in N. miranda-leaf-acetone were identified. The top six compounds in N. miranda-leaf-acetone, namely, plumbagin, lupenone, palmitic acid, stigmast-5-en-3-ol, neophytadiene, and citraconic anhydride, were docked to ALLase, and their docking scores were compared. The docking results suggested plumbagin and stigmast-5-en-3-ol as potential inhibitors of ALLase. Overall, these results may indicate the pharmacological potential of N. miranda for further medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En-Shyh Lin
- Department of Beauty Science, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City 403, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi J, He L, Yu D, Ju L, Guo Q, Piao W, Xu X, Zhao L, Yuan X, Cao Q, Fang H. Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Chinese Children and Adolescents Aged 7–17: The China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers from 2016–2017. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163348. [PMID: 36014854 PMCID: PMC9415182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This descriptive study aimed to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–17 from 2016–2017 according to the Cook’s criteria modified for age on the basis of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and to evaluate the associations between the factors of interest (especially vitamin A, vitamin D and hyperuricemia) of MetS and its components, using data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey of Children and Lactating Mothers from 2016–2017. A total of 54,269 school-aged children and adolescents were ultimately included in this study. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory examinations of the subjects and their relevant information were also collected. A multivariate logistic regression analysis model was applied to analyze the relationships between relevant factors associated with MetS and its components. In the present study, the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents was 5.98%. Among the five components of MetS, elevated blood pressure (BP) and abdominal obesity were the most prevalent (39.52% and 17.30%), and 58.36% of the subjects had at least one of these components. In the multivariate logistic regression, an overweight condition, obesity and hyperuricemia were positively correlated with the incidence of MetS and all five components. There was also a positive association observed between vitamin A and the risk of MetS and some components of MetS (abdominal obesity and high triglycerides (TG)) and vitamin A was negatively associated with the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Subjects with vitamin D inadequacy had a higher risk of MetS (OR = 1.364, 95%CI: 1.240–1.500) and four of its components, excepting elevated FBG (fast blood glucose). Vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with MetS (OR = 1.646, 95%CI: 1.468–1.845) and all five of its components. Well-designed, large-scale prospective studies are also needed in the future.
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu X, Yan Y, Huang J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu M, Liang H. Regulation of uric acid and glyoxylate metabolism by UgmR protein in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:3242-3255. [PMID: 35702827 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved several systems to adapt to complex environments. The GntR family proteins play important roles in the regulation of metabolic processes and bacterial pathogenesis. In this study, we uncovered that the gene clusters of PA1513-PA1518 and PA1498-PA1502 in P. aeruginosa are required for uric acid and glyoxylate metabolism, respectively. We also identified a GntR family regulator UgmR that is involved in regulation of uric acid and glyoxylate metabolism. Promoter activity measurement and biochemical assays revealed that the UgmR directly represses the transcriptional activity of PA1513-PA1518 and PA1498-PA1502, and this inhibition was relieved by the addition of uric acid. Importantly, further experiments showed that UgmR also participates in the glyoxylate shunt. Collectively, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the UgmR factor involved in uric acid and glyoxylate metabolism, which provide insights into the complex metabolic pathways in P. aeruginosa. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yunfang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Jiadai Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, ShaanXi, China.,College of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Erenler R, Yildiz I, Aydin A, Genc N. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of bioactive compounds isolated from Onosma bourgaei. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:116. [PMID: 35674858 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Onosma species have been used commonly for traditional medicine for years due to their bioactive compounds content. Onosma bourgaei aerial part was extracted with hexane and methanol successively. The methanol extract was subjected to chromatographic techniques to isolate allantoin (1), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (3), apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside (4), diosmetin-7-O-β-glucoside (5), rosmarinic acid (6), and globoidnan A (7). The structure of isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic techniques such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, FTIR, and LC-TOF/MS/MS. Antiproliferative activity of extract and natural compounds were carried out using HeLa (human epithelial cervix adenocarcinoma, ATCC® CCL-2™), HT29 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma, ATCC® HTB38™), MCF7 (human mammary gland adenocarcinoma, ATCC® HTB22™), and A549 (human lung carcinoma, ATCC® CCL185™) cancerous cells and normal cells, FL (human epithelial amnion cell, ATCC® CCL62™). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was performed for cytotoxicity. The compounds, 4, 6, and 7 displayed the strong antiproliferative activity against corresponding cell lines. Apigenin-7-O-β-glucoside (4) revealed the excellent activity on HeLa, HT29, A549, and MCF6 cancer cell lines with the values of (IC50, µM) 167.3, 196.8 181.1, and 203.5, respectively, compared standard compound, cisplatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Erenler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60240, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Ilyas Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60240, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Ali Aydin
- Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, 66200, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Nusret Genc
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, 60240, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lu MZ, Carter AM, Tegeder M. Altering ureide transport in nodulated soybean results in whole-plant adjustments of metabolism, assimilate partitioning, and sink strength. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153613. [PMID: 35033961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes develop a symbiotic relationship with bacteria that are housed in root nodules and fix atmospheric di-nitrogen (N2) to ammonia. In soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) nodules, the final products of nitrogen (N) fixation are amino acids, and the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid that also serve as the major long-distance N transport forms. Recently, we have shown that increased expression of UPS1 (ureide permease 1) in soybean nodules results in enhanced ureide export from nodules with positive effects on N fixation and seed yield. Here, we demonstrate that changes in the ureide transport processes trigger alterations in allantoin and allantoic acid pools and partitioning throughout the transgenic plants. They further result in adjustments in amino acid availability in, and translocation to, root and shoot sinks. In addition, leaf carbon (C) capture, assimilation and allocation to sinks are improved, accommodating the increased nodule function, and root and shoot growth. Overall, we demonstrate that enhanced ureide partitioning in nodulated soybean leads to a complex rebalancing of N and C acquisition, metabolism, and transport processes with positive consequences for above- and below-ground vegetative biomass, and whole-plant N and C gains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhu Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Amanda M Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| | - Mechthild Tegeder
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Soltabayeva A, Bekturova A, Kurmanbayeva A, Oshanova D, Nurbekova Z, Srivastava S, Standing D, Sagi M. Ureides are accumulated similarly in response to UV-C irradiation and wounding in Arabidopsis leaves but are remobilized differently during recovery. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1016-1032. [PMID: 34606608 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purine degradation products have been shown to play roles in plant response to stresses such as drought, salinity, extended dark, nitrogen deficiency, and pathogen infection. In this study, we used Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) and an Atxdh1-knockout mutant defective in xanthine dehydrogenase1 (XDH1) to examine the role of degraded purine metabolites in the responses to wounding or UV-C stress applied to the middle leaves of the plant. Wounding or UV-C stress in the mutant resulted in lower fresh-weight, increased senescence symptoms, and increased cell death compared to WT plants. In addition, WT plants exhibited lower levels of oxidative stress indicators, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde in their leaves than the mutant. Notably, transcripts and proteins functioning in the purine degradation pathway were regulated in such a way that it led to enhanced ureide levels in WT leaves 24h after applying the UV-C or wound stress. However, different remobilization of the accumulated ureides was observed after 72h of stress. In plants treated with UV-C, the concentration of allantoin was highest in young leaves, whereas in wounded plants it was lowest in these leaves and instead accumulated mainly in the middle leaves that had been wounded. These results indicated that in WT plants treated with UV-C, ureides were remobilized from the lower older and damaged leaves to support young leaf growth during the recovery period from stress. After wounding, however, whilst some ureides were remobilized to the young leaves, more remained in the wounded middle leaves to function as antioxidants and/or healing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Soltabayeva
- Biology Department, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur Sultan, Z05H0P9, Kazakhstan
| | - Aizat Bekturova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Assylay Kurmanbayeva
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dinara Oshanova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Zhadyrassyn Nurbekova
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Dominic Standing
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Moshe Sagi
- The Albert Katz Department of Dryland Biotechnologies, French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dryland, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Würschum T, Weiß TM, Renner J, Friedrich Utz H, Gierl A, Jonczyk R, Römisch-Margl L, Schipprack W, Schön CC, Schrag TA, Leiser WL, Melchinger AE. High-resolution association mapping with libraries of immortalized lines from ancestral landraces. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:243-256. [PMID: 34668978 PMCID: PMC8741726 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Association mapping with immortalized lines of landraces offers several advantages including a high mapping resolution, as demonstrated here in maize by identifying the causal variants underlying QTL for oil content and the metabolite allantoin. Landraces are traditional varieties of crops that present a valuable yet largely untapped reservoir of genetic variation to meet future challenges of agriculture. Here, we performed association mapping in a panel comprising 358 immortalized maize lines from six European Flint landraces. Linkage disequilibrium decayed much faster in the landraces than in the elite lines included for comparison, permitting a high mapping resolution. We demonstrate this by fine-mapping a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for oil content down to the phenylalanine insertion F469 in DGAT1-2 as the causal variant. For the metabolite allantoin, related to abiotic stress response, we identified promoter polymorphisms and differential expression of an allantoinase as putative cause of variation. Our results demonstrate the power of this approach to dissect QTL potentially down to the causal variants, toward the utilization of natural or engineered alleles in breeding. Moreover, we provide guidelines for studies using ancestral landraces for crop genetic research and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Würschum
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thea M Weiß
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Juliane Renner
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Friedrich Utz
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfons Gierl
- Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rafal Jonczyk
- Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Lilla Römisch-Margl
- Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schipprack
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Chris-Carolin Schön
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias A Schrag
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Willmar L Leiser
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Albrecht E Melchinger
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sun C, Zhu T, Zhu Y, Li B, Zhang J, Liu Y, Juan C, Yang S, Zhao Z, Wan R, Lin S, Yin B. Hepatotoxic mechanism of diclofenac sodium on broiler chicken revealed by iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e56. [PMID: 35698810 PMCID: PMC9346521 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background At the therapeutic doses, diclofenac sodium (DFS) has few toxic side effects on mammals. On the other hand, DFS exhibits potent toxicity against birds and the mechanisms remain ambiguous. Objectives This paper was designed to probe the toxicity of DFS exposure on the hepatic proteome of broiler chickens. Methods Twenty 30-day-old broiler chickens were randomized evenly into two groups (n = 10). DFS was administered orally at 10 mg/kg body weight in group A, while the chickens in group B were perfused with saline as a control. Histopathological observations, serum biochemical examinations, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to assess the liver injury induced by DFS. Proteomics analysis of the liver samples was conducted using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology. Results Ultimately, 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were obtained, of which 47 were up regulated, and 154 were down regulated. The Gene Ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were conducted to screen target DEPs associated with DFS hepatotoxicity. The regulatory relationships between DEPs and signaling pathways were embodied via a protein-protein interaction network. The results showed that the DEPs enriched in multiple pathways, which might be related to the hepatotoxicity of DFS, were “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum,” “retinol metabolism,” and “glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism.” Conclusions The hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens might be achieved by inducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes and affecting the metabolism of retinol and purine. The present study could provide molecular insights into the hepatotoxicity of DFS on broiler chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Changning Juan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shifa Yang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zengcheng Zhao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Renzhong Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
He J, Rössner N, Hoang MTT, Alejandro S, Peiter E. Transport, functions, and interaction of calcium and manganese in plant organellar compartments. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1940-1972. [PMID: 35235665 PMCID: PMC8890496 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and manganese (Mn2+) are essential elements for plants and have similar ionic radii and binding coordination. They are assigned specific functions within organelles, but share many transport mechanisms to cross organellar membranes. Despite their points of interaction, those elements are usually investigated and reviewed separately. This review takes them out of this isolation. It highlights our current mechanistic understanding and points to open questions of their functions, their transport, and their interplay in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), vesicular compartments (Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network, pre-vacuolar compartment), vacuoles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Complex processes demanding these cations, such as Mn2+-dependent glycosylation or systemic Ca2+ signaling, are covered in some detail if they have not been reviewed recently or if recent findings add to current models. The function of Ca2+ as signaling agent released from organelles into the cytosol and within the organelles themselves is a recurrent theme of this review, again keeping the interference by Mn2+ in mind. The involvement of organellar channels [e.g. glutamate receptor-likes (GLR), cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC), mitochondrial conductivity units (MCU), and two-pore channel1 (TPC1)], transporters (e.g. natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMP), Ca2+ exchangers (CAX), metal tolerance proteins (MTP), and bivalent cation transporters (BICAT)], and pumps [autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACA) and ER Ca2+-ATPases (ECA)] in the import and export of organellar Ca2+ and Mn2+ is scrutinized, whereby current controversial issues are pointed out. Mechanisms in animals and yeast are taken into account where they may provide a blueprint for processes in plants, in particular, with respect to tunable molecular mechanisms of Ca2+ versus Mn2+ selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nico Rössner
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Minh T T Hoang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Santiago Alejandro
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edgar Peiter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Author for communication:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Initiation of cytosolic plant purine nucleotide catabolism involves a monospecific xanthosine monophosphate phosphatase. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6846. [PMID: 34824243 PMCID: PMC8616923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27152-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, guanosine monophosphate (GMP) is synthesized from adenosine monophosphate via inosine monophosphate and xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) in the cytosol. It has been shown recently that the catabolic route for adenylate-derived nucleotides bifurcates at XMP from this biosynthetic route. Dephosphorylation of XMP and GMP by as yet unknown phosphatases can initiate cytosolic purine nucleotide catabolism. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana possesses a highly XMP-specific phosphatase (XMPP) which is conserved in vascular plants. We demonstrate that XMPP catalyzes the irreversible entry reaction of adenylate-derived nucleotides into purine nucleotide catabolism in vivo, whereas the guanylates enter catabolism via an unidentified GMP phosphatase and guanosine deaminase which are important to maintain purine nucleotide homeostasis. We also present a crystal structure and mutational analysis of XMPP providing a rationale for its exceptionally high substrate specificity, which is likely required for the efficient catalysis of the very small XMP pool in vivo. Dephosphorylation of xanthosine monophosphate (XMP) initiates purine nucleotide catabolism in plant cells. Here the authors identify an XMP phosphatase from Arabidopsis that channels XMP towards catabolism in vivo and demonstrate the structural basis for its XMP specificity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Proietti S, Bertini L, Falconieri GS, Baccelli I, Timperio AM, Caruso C. A Metabolic Profiling Analysis Revealed a Primary Metabolism Reprogramming in Arabidopsis glyI4 Loss-of-Function Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112464. [PMID: 34834827 PMCID: PMC8624978 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic compound often produced as a side product of metabolic processes such as glycolysis, lipid peroxidation, and photosynthesis. MG is mainly scavenged by the glyoxalase system, a two-step pathway, in which the coordinate activity of GLYI and GLYII transforms it into D-lactate, releasing GSH. In Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the GLYI family named GLYI4 has been recently characterized. In glyI4 mutant plants, a general stress phenotype characterized by compromised MG scavenging, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), stomatal closure, and reduced fitness was observed. In order to shed some light on the impact of gly4 loss-of-function on plant metabolism, we applied a high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach to Arabidopsis Col-8 wild type and glyI4 mutant plants. A compound library containing a total of 70 metabolites, differentially synthesized in glyI4 compared to Col-8, was obtained. Pathway analysis of the identified compounds showed that the upregulated pathways are mainly involved in redox reactions and cellular energy maintenance, and those downregulated in plant defense and growth. These results improved our understanding of the impacts of glyI4 loss-of-function on the general reprogramming of the plant's metabolic landscape as a strategy for surviving under adverse physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Laura Bertini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Gaia Salvatore Falconieri
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Timperio
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0761-357330 (C.C.)
| | - Carla Caruso
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; (S.P.); (L.B.); (G.S.F.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.T.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-0761-357330 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
A Review on Sarcocornia Species: Ethnopharmacology, Nutritional Properties, Phytochemistry, Biological Activities and Propagation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112778. [PMID: 34829059 PMCID: PMC8625059 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcocornia A. J. Scott is a halophytic edible succulent plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae family. To date, the genus includes 28 species distributed worldwide in saline environments, usually salt marshes. Sarcocornia (Scott) is similar to Salicornia (L.), which has a recognized commercial value in morphological and taxonomical traits. Species of both genera are commonly named samphire or glassworts in Europe, and their fleshy shoots are commercialized under their traditional names. Due to their nutritional, organoleptic and medicinal properties, Sarcocornia species have a high economic potential in various biotechnology sectors. Being highly tolerant to salt, they can be cultivated in saline conditions, and dissimilar to Salicornia, they are perennial, i.e., they can be harvested year-round. Therefore, Sarcocornia species are considered promising gourmet vegetables to be explored in the context of climate change, soil and water salinization and eco-sustainability. We hereby put together and reviewed the most relevant information on Sarcocornia taxonomy, morphology, nutritional and pharmacological properties, uses in ethnomedicine, potential applications in biotechnology, and propagation strategies.
Collapse
|
37
|
Sun C, Lin S, Li Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhu T, Li G, Yin B, Wan R. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals the toxic mechanism of diclofenac sodium on the kidney of broiler chicken. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109129. [PMID: 34229076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which exhibits potent toxicity to birds. To search the molecular mechanism of DS induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chicken, 20 apparently healthy 30-day old broiler chickens were separated randomly into two groups (n = 10): Group A was kept as control while DS was administered at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg body weight in group B through oral gavage. Kidney samples were collected, and the proteins were identified and quantified by iTRAQ. 434 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were screened, including 277 up-regulated DEPs and 157 down-regulated DEPs. The functional annotation and classification results indicated that DEPs were significantly enriched in apoptosis and metabolism-related pathways via GO and KEGG analysis. Compared with the control group, the most significant enrichment pathways are "ribosome", "metabolic pathways" and "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum". Based on the proteomic results and relevant literature, some DEPs that potentially related to the toxicity of DS were screened. The mRNA transcript levels of these DEPs were characterized by qRT-PCR, and the results showed that Slc22a7, Gatm, Glud1, Agxt2 and Gldc were significantly down-regulated, while Gsl, Gpt2 and Asns were significantly up-regulated. We speculate that the toxic mechanism of DS to chicken might be that it induces kidney cell apoptosis, interferes with purine metabolism and inhibits the expression of OAT2. The current study provides a reference for elucidating the nephrotoxic mechanism of diclofenac sodium to broiler chicken from the molecular perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China; Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China; Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Huazheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China
| | - Keke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China
| | - Guiming Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Yin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Renzhong Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bosse MA, Silva MBD, Oliveira NGRMD, Araujo MAD, Rodrigues C, Azevedo JPD, Reis ARD. Physiological impact of flavonoids on nodulation and ureide metabolism in legume plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:512-521. [PMID: 34171572 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Legume plants from Fabaceae family (phylogenetic group composed by three subfamilies: Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae) can fix atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3) by the symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria. These bacteria respond chemotactically to certain compounds released by plants such as sugars, amino acids and organic acids. Root secretion of isoflavonoids acts as inducers for nod genes in rhizobia and ABC transporters and ICHG (isoflavone conjugates hydrolyzing beta-glucosidase) at apoplast are related to the exudation of genistein and daidzein in soybean roots. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) occurs inside the nodule by the action of nitrogenase enzyme, which fixes N2 into NH3, which is converted into ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid). In this review, we bring together the latest findings on flavonoids biosynthesis and ureide metabolism in several legume plant species. We emphasize how flavonoids induce nod genes in rhizobia, affecting chemotaxis, nodulation, ureide production, growth and yield of legume plants. Mainly, isoflavonoids daidzein and genistein are responsible for nod genes activation in the rhizobia bacteria. Flavonoids also play an important role during nodule organogenesis by acting as auxin transporter inhibitors in root cells, especially in indeterminate nodules. The ureides are the main N transport form in tropical legumes and they are catabolized in leaves and other sink tissues to produce amino acids and proteins needed for plant growth and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Bosse
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, Postal Code 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cleverson Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Postal Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
A brief review on in vivo models for Gouty Arthritis. Metabol Open 2021; 11:100100. [PMID: 34189452 PMCID: PMC8219997 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gout is more common in men than in women, by a factor of 3.1–10.1. Gout prevalence and incidence have increased in recent decades, with prevalence reaching 11–13% and incidence reaching 0.4% in people over the age of 80. Age-related renal impairment, altered drug distribution, and increased prevalence of comorbidities have significant consequences for safe and effective gout pharmacotherapy. The Discovery of Fruitful in-vivo animal models needs the effective screening of drugs or formulations used in the treatment of gout. In vivo animal models of Gouty arthritis are extensively used to investigate pathogenic mechanisms governing inflammation-driven bone and cartilage damage. Four commonly utilized models include the Potassium oxonate induced hyperuricemic model, MSU crystals induced gouty arthritis animal model, Animal Model of Acute Gouty Arthritis with Hyperuricemia, and Diet-induced hyperuricemia. These offer unique advantages for correlating different aspects of gouty arthritis with human disease. In-vivo animal models served as testing beds for novel biological therapies, including cytokine blockers and small molecule inhibitors of intracellular signaling that have revolutionized gouty arthritis treatment. This review highlights a brief overview of in vivo experimental models for assessment of hypouricemic, anti-inflammatory, as well as renal protective effects of test compounds with some evaluation parameters in detail.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yi SY, Lee M, Jeevan Rameneni J, Lu L, Kaur C, Lim YP. Xanthine-derived metabolites enhance chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and seedling growth during nitrogen deficient condition in Brassica rapa. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1913309. [PMID: 33955825 PMCID: PMC8143221 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1913309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is a main environmental factor that induces early senescence. Cotyledons provide an important N source during germination and early seedling development. In this study, we observed that N deficient condition enhanced gene expression involved in purine catabolism in cotyledons of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis). Seedlings grown with added allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, in the growth medium showed reduced chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons and lower fresh weight, compared with seedlings grown on normal medium. On the basis of these results, we speculated that xanthine-derived metabolites might affect both seedling growth and early senescence in cotyledons. To confirm this, seedlings were grown with exogenous xanthine to analyze the role of xanthine-derived metabolites under N deficient condition. Seedlings with xanthine as the sole N-source grew faster, and more cotyledon chlorophyll was broken down, compared with seedlings grown without xanthine. The expression levels of senescence- and purine metabolism-related genes in cotyledons were higher than those in seedlings grown without xanthine. These results indicate the possibility that xanthine plays a role as an activator in both purine catabolism and chlorophyll degradation in cotyledons under N deficient condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Young Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jana Jeevan Rameneni
- Institute of Agricultural Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Lu Lu
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chetan Kaur
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Liu J, Yang F, Zhou W, Mao S, Lin J, Yan X. Untargeted LC-MS-based metabolomics revealed specific metabolic changes in cotyledons and roots of Ricinus communis during early seedling establishment under salt stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:108-118. [PMID: 33826995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early seedling development is one of the most crucial period of the plant's life cycle, which is highly susceptible to adverse environmental conditions, especially those impose by salt stress. Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a famous non-edible oilseed and salt-resistant crop worldwide. However, the specific metabolic responses in the cotyledons and roots of this species during seedling establishment under salt stress are still not clearly understood. In the present study, 16 d castor seedlings were treated with 150 mM NaCl for 6 d, and the metabolite profiling of cotyledons and roots was conducted using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results showed that the metabolites were great differed in cotyledons and roots under salt stress. There were 38 differential metabolites, mainly including fatty acid, nucleic acid and organic acids in the cotyledons, but only 19 differential metabolites, mainly including fatty acid and organic acids in the roots under such condition. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed that flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, citrate cycle and carotenoid biosynthesis were the common metabolic pathways in response to salt stress in the two organs. Salt stress caused metabolite process alteration mainly on carbon and nitrogen metabolisms, and the carbon allocation from root to cotyledon was increased. Additionally, changes of amino acids and nucleic acids profiles were only found in the cotyledons, and the roots could enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme systems to scavenge ROS under salinity. In conclusion, the present research provides an improved understanding on specific physiological changes in the cotyledons in castor early seedlings, and explores their interaction under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jixiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiufeng Yan
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sandalio LM, Peláez-Vico MA, Molina-Moya E, Romero-Puertas MC. Peroxisomes as redox-signaling nodes in intracellular communication and stress responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:22-35. [PMID: 33587125 PMCID: PMC8154099 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomes are redox nodes playing a diverse range of roles in cell functionality and in the perception of and responses to changes in their environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Author for communication:
| | - Maria Angeles Peláez-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Molina-Moya
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín-CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ali S, Khan N. Delineation of mechanistic approaches employed by plant growth promoting microorganisms for improving drought stress tolerance in plants. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126771. [PMID: 33930840 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is expected to increase in intensity, frequency, and duration in many parts of the world, with potential negative impacts on plant growth and productivity. The plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical mechanisms to respond and adjust to water-deficient environments. The physiological and biochemical mechanisms associated with water-stress tolerance and water-use efficiency have been extensively studied. Besides these adaptive and mitigating strategies, the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a significant role in alleviating plant drought stress. These beneficial microorganisms colonize the endo-rhizosphere/rhizosphere of plants and enhance drought tolerance. The common mechanism by which these microorganisms improve drought tolerance included the production of volatile compounds, phytohormones, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACC deaminase), accumulation of antioxidant, stress-induced metabolites such as osmotic solutes proline, alternation in leaf and root morphology and regulation of the stress-responsive genes. The PGPR is an easy and efficient alternative approach to genetic manipulation and crop enhancement practices because plant breeding and genetic modification are time-consuming and expensive processes for obtaining stress-tolerant varieties. In this review, we will elaborate on PGPR's mechanistic approaches in enhancing the plant stress tolerance to cope with the drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Ali
- Plant Epigenetic and Development, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Straube H, Niehaus M, Zwittian S, Witte CP, Herde M. Enhanced nucleotide analysis enables the quantification of deoxynucleotides in plants and algae revealing connections between nucleoside and deoxynucleoside metabolism. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:270-289. [PMID: 33793855 PMCID: PMC8136904 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and quantifying low-abundance (deoxy)ribonucleotides and (deoxy)ribonucleosides in plants remains difficult; this is a major roadblock for the investigation of plant nucleotide (NT) metabolism. Here, we present a method that overcomes this limitation, allowing the detection of all deoxy- and ribonucleotides as well as the corresponding nucleosides from the same plant sample. The method is characterized by high sensitivity and robustness enabling the reproducible detection and absolute quantification of these metabolites even if they are of low abundance. Employing the new method, we analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana null mutants of CYTIDINE DEAMINASE, GUANOSINE DEAMINASE, and NUCLEOSIDE HYDROLASE 1, demonstrating that the deoxyribonucleotide (dNT) metabolism is intricately interwoven with the catabolism of ribonucleosides (rNs). In addition, we discovered a function of rN catabolic enzymes in the degradation of deoxyribonucleosides in vivo. We also determined the concentrations of dNTs in several mono- and dicotyledonous plants, a bryophyte, and three algae, revealing a correlation of GC to AT dNT ratios with genomic GC contents. This suggests a link between the genome and the metabolome previously discussed but not experimentally addressed. Together, these findings demonstrate the potential of this new method to provide insight into plant NT metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Straube
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Markus Niehaus
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Sarah Zwittian
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30419, Germany
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hattenrath-Lehmann TK, Nanjappa D, Zhang H, Yu L, Goleski JA, Lin S, Gobler CJ. Transcriptomic and isotopic data reveal central role of ammonium in facilitating the growth of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate, Dinophysis acuminata. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 104:102031. [PMID: 34023078 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dinophysis spp. are mixotrophs that are dependent on specific prey, but are also potentially reliant on dissolved nutrients. The extent to which Dinophysis relies on exogenous N and the specific biochemical pathways important for supporting its autotrophic and heterotrophic growth are unknown. Here, the nutritional ecology of Dinophysis was explored using two approaches: 1) 15N tracer experiments were conducted to quantify the concentration-dependent uptake rates and associated kinetics of various N compounds (nitrate, ammonium, urea) of Dinophysis cultures and 2) the transcriptomic responses of Dinophysis cultures grown with multiple combinations of prey and nutrients were assessed via dinoflagellate spliced leader-based transcriptome profiling. Of the N compounds examined, ammonium had the highest Vmax and affinity coefficient, and lowest Ks for both pre-starved and pre-fed cultures, collectively demonstrating the preference of Dinophysis for this N source while little-to-no nitrate uptake was observed. During the transcriptome experiments, Dinophysis grown with nitrate and without prey had the largest number of genes with lower transcript abundances, did not increase abundance of transcripts associated with nitrate/nitrite uptake or reduction, and displayed no cellular growth, suggesting D. acuminata is not capable of growing on nitrate. When offered prey, the transcriptomic response of Dinophysis included the production of phagolysosomes, enzymes involved in protein and lipid catabolism, and N acquisition through amino acid degradation pathways. Compared with cultures only offered ammonium or prey, cultures offered both ammonium and prey had the largest number of genes with increased transcript abundances, the highest growth rate, and the unique activation of multiple pathways involved in cellular catabolism, further evidencing the ability of Dinophysis to grow optimally as a mixotroph. Collectively, this study evidences the key role ammonium plays in the mixotrophic growth of Dinophysis and reveals the precise biochemical pathways that facilitate its mixotrophic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theresa K Hattenrath-Lehmann
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, United States
| | - Deepak Nanjappa
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, United States
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, United States
| | - Liying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Jennifer A Goleski
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, United States
| | - Senjie Lin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, United States; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Marine Biodiversity and Global Change Research Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Delgado-García E, Piedras P, Gómez-Baena G, García-Magdaleno IM, Pineda M, Gálvez-Valdivieso G. Nucleoside Metabolism Is Induced in Common Bean During Early Seedling Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:651015. [PMID: 33841480 PMCID: PMC8027947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.651015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside hydrolases (NSH; nucleosidases) catalyze the cleavage of nucleosides into ribose and free nucleobases. These enzymes have been postulated as key elements controlling the ratio between nucleotide salvage and degradation. Moreover, they play a pivotal role in ureidic legumes by providing the substrate for the synthesis of ureides. Furthermore, nucleotide metabolism has a crucial role during germination and early seedling development, since the developing seedlings require high amount of nucleotide simultaneously to the mobilization of nutrient in cotyledons. In this study, we have cloned two nucleosidases genes from Phaseolus vulgaris, PvNSH1 and PvNSH2, expressed them as recombinant proteins, and characterized their catalytic activities. Both enzymes showed a broad range of substrate affinity; however, PvNSH1 exhibited the highest activity with uridine, followed by xanthosine, whereas PvNSH2 hydrolyses preferentially xanthosine and shows low activity with uridine. The study of the regulation of nucleosidases during germination and early postgerminative development indicated that nucleosidases are induced in cotyledons and embryonic axes just after the radicle emergence, coincident with the induction of nucleases activity and the synthesis of ureides in the embryonic axes, with no remarkable differences in the level of expression of both nucleosidase genes. In addition, nucleosides and nucleobase levels were determined as well in cotyledons and embryonic axes. Our results suggest that PvNSH1 and PvNSH2 play an important role in the mobilization of nutrients during this crucial stage of plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Delgado-García
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas. Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Piedras
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas. Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Gómez-Baena
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel M. García-Magdaleno
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Unidad de Espectrometría de Masas y Cromatografía, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Pineda
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas. Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gregorio Gálvez-Valdivieso
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal. Grupo de Fisiología Molecular y Biotecnología de Plantas. Campus de Excelencia Internacional en Agroalimentación, Campus de Rabanales, Edif. Severo Ochoa, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Dawood MFA, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Sohag AAM, Abdel Latef AAH, Ragaey MM. Mechanistic Insight of Allantoin in Protecting Tomato Plants Against Ultraviolet C Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E11. [PMID: 33374845 PMCID: PMC7824269 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Allantoin ((AT) a purine metabolite)-mediated ultraviolet C (UVC) stress mitigation has not been studied to date. Here, we reported the physicochemical mechanisms of UVC-induced stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants, including an AT-directed mitigation strategy. UVC stress reduced plant growth and photosynthetic pigments. Heatmap and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that these toxic impacts were triggered by the greater oxidative damage and disruption of osmolyte homeostasis. However, pre-treatment of AT noticeably ameliorated the stress-induced toxicity as evident by enhanced chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble carbohydrate contents in AT-pretreated UVC-stressed plants relative to only stressed plants leading to the improvement of the plant growth and biomass. Moreover, AT pre-treatment enhanced endogenous AT and allantoate content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and the enzymatic antioxidants leading to reduced oxidative stress markers compared with only stressed plants, indicating the protective effect of AT against oxidative damage. Moreover, PCA displayed that the protective roles of AT strongly associate with the improved antioxidants. On the other hand, post-treatment of AT showed less efficacy in UVC stress mitigation relative to pre-treatment of AT. Overall, this finding illustrated that AT pre-treatment could be an effective way to counteract the UVC stress in tomato, and perhaps in other crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.T.-U.-A.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.T.-U.-A.); (A.A.M.S.)
| | - Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef
- Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Turabah Branch, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Ragaey
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharja 72511, Egypt;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Uric acid is an end product of purine metabolism in human beings. An unusual and still unexplained phenomenon is that higher primates have relatively high uric acid levels in body fluids owing to a combination of absence of degradation and renal retention. The physiologic purpose of high uric acid levels still is enigmatic, but the pathobiologic burden is a variety of crystallopathies owing to the low aqueous solubility of uric acid such as gouty arthritis and acute uric acid nephropathy. In the urinary space, three distinct conditions result from chronic uric acid and/or urate precipitation. The first and most common variety is uric acid urolithiasis. In this condition, urate is a victim of a systemic metabolic disease in which increased acid load to the kidney is coupled with diminished urinary buffer capacity owing to defective ammonium excretion, resulting in titration of urate to its sparingly soluble protonated counterpart, uric acid, and the formation of stones. Uric acid is the innocent bystander of the crime. The second variety is hyperuricosuric calcium urolithiasis, in which uric acid confers lithogenicity via promotion of calcium oxalate precipitation by multiple mechanisms involving soluble, colloidal, and crystalline urate salts. Uric acid is the instigator of the crime. The third and least common condition involves urate as an integral part of the urolith as an ammonium salt driven by high ammonium and high urate concentrations in urine. Here, uric acid is one of the perpetrators of the crime. Both known and postulated pathogenesis of these three types of urolithiasis are reviewed and summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Adomako
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Orson W Moe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Charles and Jane Pak Center of Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Seo JS, Kim JK. Nitrogen molecular sensors and their use for screening mutants involved in nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110587. [PMID: 32771146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient that is required for plant growth and development and has a major impact on crop yield and biomass. However, excessive application of N-based fertilizer results in environmental pollution and increases cultivation cost. A significant target of crop biotechnology is to develop crop varieties with improved N use efficiency (NUE), thereby overcoming these issues. While various aspects of plant N uptake and utilization have been studied, many factors that fundamentally affect NUE remain uncharacterized. For example, much remains to be learnt about the genes that determine NUE. One of the significant barriers to studying NUE is the absence of an in vivo N monitoring system. There are currently several methods for measuring plant N status, but they have limitations in terms of screening for NUE mutants and sensitive NUE assessment. Here, we describe strategies for generating and screening mutant pools using N molecular sensors, comprised of the rice genes OsALN and OsUPS1, the expression of which is sensitive to endogenous N status. Forward and reverse genetic approaches using the molecular N sensors will help identify molecular mechanisms underlying NUE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kon Kim
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, GreenBio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu L, Liu D, Wang Z, Zou C, Wang B, Zhang H, Gai Z, Zhang P, Wang Y, Li C. Exogenous allantoin improves the salt tolerance of sugar beet by increasing putrescine metabolism and antioxidant activities. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:699-713. [PMID: 32750647 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Allantoin as a nitrogen metabolite can improve the salt tolerance in plants, but its mechanism of action remain elusive. Herein, the effects of pretreatment with exogenous allantoin in salt tolerance were investigated in sugar beet. The seedlings were subjected to salt stress (300 mM Na+) without or with different allantoin concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM). The effects of allantoin on plant growth, homeostasis, oxidative damage, osmoregulation, and polyamine metabolism were studied. The results showed that salt stress inhibited the net photosynthetic rate and plant growth, and caused oxidative damage. However, these adverse effects were mitigated by exogenous allantoin in a dose-dependent manner, especially at 0.1 mM. Allantoin reduced the accumulation of ROS by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and AsA content. Under salt stress, allantoin reduced the root concentrations of free putrescine (Put) but increased the free spermine (Spm) in leaves and roots. Furthermore, allantoin decreased the Na+/K+ ratio and promoted the accumulation of betaine and soluble sugars in leaves and roots. Under salinity conditions, allantoin may enhance the antioxidant system and improve ion homeostasis by enhancing putrescine and/or spermine accumulation. In addition, Pearson's correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) established correlations between physiological parameters, and significant differences between different concentrations of allantoin were observed. In total, exogenous allantoin effectively reduced the oxidative damage and ion toxicity in sugar beet, caused by salinity, this finding would be helpful in improving salt tolerance in plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunlei Zou
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhijia Gai
- Jiamusi Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Caifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|