1
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Lee M, Kim SH, Kim D, Kim HJ. Rapid and Easy Detection of Microcystin-LR Using a Bioactivated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Sensor. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:37. [PMID: 38248414 PMCID: PMC10813581 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-based field-effect transistor (MWCNT-FET) sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Carboxylated MWCNTs were activated with an MC-LR-targeting aptamer (MCTA). Subsequently the bioactivated MWCNTs were immobilized between interdigitated drain (D) and source (S) electrodes through self-assembly. The top-gated MWCNT-FET sensor was configured by dropping the sample solution onto the D and S electrodes and immersing a Ag/AgCl electrode in the sample solution as a gate (G) electrode. We believe that the FET sensor's conduction path arises from the interplay between the MCTAs, with the applied gate potential modulating this path. Using standard instruments and a personal computer, the sensor's response was detected in real-time within a 10 min time frame. This label-free FET sensor demonstrated an impressive detection capability for MC-LR in the concentration range of 0.1-0.5 ng/mL, exhibiting a lower detection limit of 0.11 ng/mL. Additionally, the MWCNT-FET sensor displayed consistent reproducibility, a robust selectivity for MC-LR over its congeners, and minimal matrix interferences. Given these attributes, this easily mass-producible FET sensor is a promising tool for rapid, straightforward, and sensitive MC-LR detection in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Seong H. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Don Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.L.); (D.K.)
| | - Hak Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.L.); (D.K.)
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2
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Wu G, Zhang ET, Qiang Y, Esmonde C, Chen X, Wei Z, Song Y, Zhang X, Schneider MJ, Li H, Sun H, Weng Z, Santaniello S, He J, Lai RY, Li Y, Bruchas MR, Zhang Y. Long-Term In Vivo Molecular Monitoring Using Aptamer-Graphene Microtransistors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562080. [PMID: 37905115 PMCID: PMC10614860 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Long-term, real-time molecular monitoring in complex biological environments is critical for our ability to understand, prevent, diagnose, and manage human diseases. Aptamer-based electrochemical biosensors possess the promise due to their generalizability and a high degree of selectivity. Nevertheless, the operation of existing aptamer-based biosensors in vivo is limited to a few hours. Here, we report a first-generation long-term in vivo molecular monitoring platform, named aptamer-graphene microtransistors (AGMs). The AGM incorporates a layer of pyrene-(polyethylene glycol)5-alcohol and DNase inhibitor-doped polyacrylamide hydrogel coating to reduce biofouling and aptamer degradation. As a demonstration of function and generalizability, the AGM achieves the detection of biomolecules such as dopamine and serotonin in undiluted whole blood at 37 °C for 11 days. Furthermore, the AGM successfully captures optically evoked dopamine release in vivo in mice for over one week and demonstrates the capability to monitor behaviorally-induced endogenous dopamine release even after eight days of implantation in freely moving mice. The results reported in this work establish the potential for chronic aptamer-based molecular monitoring platforms, and thus serve as a new benchmark for molecular monitoring using aptamer-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Eric T. Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yingqi Qiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Colin Esmonde
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Zichao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael J. Schneider
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Huijie Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - He Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zhengyan Weng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Sabato Santaniello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rebecca Y. Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Michael R. Bruchas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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3
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Soikkeli M, Murros A, Rantala A, Txoperena O, Kilpi OP, Kainlauri M, Sovanto K, Maestre A, Centeno A, Tukkiniemi K, Gomes Martins D, Zurutuza A, Arpiainen S, Prunnila M. Wafer-Scale Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor Arrays with Monolithic CMOS Readout. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2023; 5:4925-4932. [PMID: 37779890 PMCID: PMC10536967 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of analysis is becoming increasingly important as point-of-care diagnostics are transitioning from single-analyte detection toward multiplexed multianalyte detection. Multianalyte detection benefits greatly from complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated sensing solutions, offering miniaturized multiplexed sensing arrays with integrated readout electronics and extremely large sensor counts. The development of CMOS back end of line integration compatible graphene field-effect transistor (GFET)-based biosensing has been rapid during the past few years, in terms of both the fabrication scale-up and functionalization toward biorecognition from real sample matrices. The next steps in industrialization relate to improving reliability and require increased statistics. Regarding functionalization toward truly quantitative sensors, on-chip bioassays with improved statistics require sensor arrays with reduced variability in functionalization. Such multiplexed bioassays, whether based on graphene or on other sensitive nanomaterials, are among the most promising technologies for label-free electrical biosensing. As an important step toward that, we report wafer-scale fabrication of CMOS-integrated GFET arrays with high yield and uniformity, designed especially for biosensing applications. We demonstrate the operation of the sensing platform array with 512 GFETs in simultaneous detection for the sodium chloride concentration series. This platform offers a truly statistical approach on GFET-based biosensing and further to quantitative and multianalyte sensing. The reported techniques can also be applied to other fields relying on functionalized GFETs, such as gas or chemical sensing or infrared imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miika Soikkeli
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anton Murros
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Arto Rantala
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Oihana Txoperena
- Graphenea
Semiconductor SLU, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Olli-Pekka Kilpi
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markku Kainlauri
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kuura Sovanto
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Arantxa Maestre
- Graphenea
Semiconductor SLU, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alba Centeno
- Graphenea
Semiconductor SLU, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Kari Tukkiniemi
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - David Gomes Martins
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Amaia Zurutuza
- Graphenea
Semiconductor SLU, Paseo Mikeletegi 83, 20009-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sanna Arpiainen
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mika Prunnila
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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4
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Jiang T, Zeng BF, Zhang B, Tang L. Single-molecular protein-based bioelectronics via electronic transport: fundamentals, devices and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5968-6002. [PMID: 37498342 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00519k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular electronics is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field that combines biology, nanoscience, and engineering to bridge the two important fields of life sciences and molecular electronics. Proteins are remarkable for their ability to recognize molecules and transport electrons, making the integration of proteins into electronic devices a long sought-after goal and leading to the emergence of the field of protein-based bioelectronics, also known as proteotronics. This field seeks to design and create new biomolecular electronic platforms that allow for the understanding and manipulation of protein-mediated electronic charge transport and related functional applications. In recent decades, there have been numerous reports on protein-based bioelectronics using a variety of nano-gapped electrical devices and techniques at the single molecular level, which are not achievable with conventional ensemble approaches. This review focuses on recent advances in physical electron transport mechanisms, device fabrication methodologies, and various applications in protein-based bioelectronics. We discuss the most recent progress of the single or few protein-bridged electrical junction fabrication strategies, summarise the work on fundamental and functional applications of protein bioelectronics that enable high and dynamic electron transport, and highlight future perspectives and challenges that still need to be addressed. We believe that this specific review will stimulate the interdisciplinary research of topics related to protein-related bioelectronics, and open up new possibilities for single-molecule biophysics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Biao-Feng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Bintian Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Longhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
- Institute of Quantum Sensing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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5
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Li Z, Xiao M, Jin C, Zhang Z. Toward the Commercialization of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:326. [PMID: 36979538 PMCID: PMC10046102 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of biosensors based on field-effect transistors (FETs) using atomically thick carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a channel material has the potential to revolutionize the related field due to their small size, high sensitivity, label-free detection, and real-time monitoring capabilities. Despite extensive research efforts to improve the sensitivity, selectivity, and practicality of CNT FET-based biosensors, their commercialization has not yet been achieved due to the non-uniform and unstable device performance, difficulties in their fabrication, the immaturity of sensor packaging processes, and a lack of reliable modification methods. This review article focuses on the practical applications of CNT-based FET biosensors for the detection of ultra-low concentrations of biologically relevant molecules. We discuss the various factors that affect the sensors' performance in terms of materials, device architecture, and sensor packaging, highlighting the need for a robust commercial process that prioritizes product performance. Additionally, we review recent advances in the application of CNT FET biosensors for the ultra-sensitive detection of various biomarkers. Finally, we examine the key obstacles that currently hinder the large-scale deployment of these biosensors, aiming to identify the challenges that must be addressed for the future industrialization of CNT FET sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Li
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Mengmeng Xiao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuanhong Jin
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-Based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan 528200, China
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6
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Lee CS, Gwyther REA, Freeley M, Jones D, Palma M. Fabrication and Functionalisation of Nanocarbon-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200282. [PMID: 36193790 PMCID: PMC10092808 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbon-based field-effect transistor (NC-FET) biosensors are at the forefront of future diagnostic technology. By integrating biological molecules with electrically conducting carbon-based platforms, high sensitivity real-time multiplexed sensing is possible. Combined with their small footprint, portability, ease of use, and label-free sensing mechanisms, NC-FETs are prime candidates for the rapidly expanding areas of point-of-care testing, environmental monitoring and biosensing as a whole. In this review we provide an overview of the basic operational mechanisms behind NC-FETs, synthesis and fabrication of FET devices, and developments in functionalisation strategies for biosensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Seuk Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Rebecca E A Gwyther
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Mark Freeley
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Dafydd Jones
- Molecular Biosciences Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Matteo Palma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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7
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Yahya I, Hassan MA, Maidin NNM, Mohamed MA. SWCNT Network-FET Device for Human Serum Albumin Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8212. [PMID: 36365910 PMCID: PMC9653970 DOI: 10.3390/s22218212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A thin film of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) network field-effect transistor (FET) was fabricated by a simple, fast, and reliable deposition method for electronic applications. This study aims to develop a method for fabricating a thin film of random SWCNTs to be used as a transducer to detect human serum albumin (HSA) in biosensor applications. The random SWCNT network was deposited using the airbrush technique. The morphology of the CNT network was examined by utilising atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), while electrical characteristics were analysed using three-terminal IV measurements. The thin film (SWCNT network) was applied as a transducer to detect human serum albumin (HSA) based on its covalent interaction with antibodies. HSA plays a significant part in the physiological functions of the human body. The surface alteration of the SWCNTs was verified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Electrical current-voltage measurements validated the surface binding and HSA detection. The biosensor linearly recorded a 0.47 fg/mL limit of detection (LOD) and a high sensitivity of 3.44 μA (g/mL)-1 between 1 fg/mL and 10 pg/mL. This device can also be used to identify a genuine HSA despite interference from other biomolecules (i.e., bovine serum albumin (BSA)), thus demonstrating the random SWCNT-FET immunosensor ability to quantify HSA in a complex biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Yahya
- Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Azuddin Hassan
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nasyifa Mohd Maidin
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ambri Mohamed
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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8
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Guo SY, Hou PX, Zhang F, Liu C, Cheng HM. Gas Sensors Based on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175381. [PMID: 36080149 PMCID: PMC9458085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have a high aspect ratio, large surface area, good stability and unique metallic or semiconducting electrical conductivity, they are therefore considered a promising candidate for the fabrication of flexible gas sensors that are expected to be used in the Internet of Things and various portable and wearable electronics. In this review, we first introduce the sensing mechanism of SWCNTs and the typical structure and key parameters of SWCNT-based gas sensors. We then summarize research progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors. Finally, the principles and possible approaches to further improving the performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
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9
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Carbon-Related Materials: Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes in Semiconductor Applications and Design. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081257. [PMID: 36014179 PMCID: PMC9412642 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
As the scaling technology in the silicon-based semiconductor industry is approaching physical limits, it is necessary to search for proper materials to be utilized as alternatives for nanoscale devices and technologies. On the other hand, carbon-related nanomaterials have attracted so much attention from a vast variety of research and industry groups due to the outstanding electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal characteristics. Such materials have been used in a variety of devices in microelectronics. In particular, graphene and carbon nanotubes are extraordinarily favorable substances in the literature. Hence, investigation of carbon-related nanomaterials and nanostructures in different ranges of applications in science, technology and engineering is mandatory. This paper reviews the basics, advantages, drawbacks and investigates the recent progress and advances of such materials in micro and nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and biotechnology.
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10
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Rizzato S, Monteduro AG, Leo A, Todaro MT, Maruccio G. From ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistor to 2D materials field‐effect‐transistor biosensors. ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elsa.202200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rizzato
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Monteduro
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | - Angelo Leo
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Maruccio
- Omnics Research Group, Department of Mathematics and Physics “Ennio De Giorgi” University of Salento and INFN Sezione di Lecce Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology CNR‐Nanotec Lecce Italy
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11
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Xiong C, Li J, Li L, Chen L, Zhang R, Mi X, Liu Y. Label-free electrical monitoring of nucleic acid amplification with integrated hydrogel ionic diodes. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100281. [PMID: 35607416 PMCID: PMC9123263 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate here for the first time the utility of a monolithically integrated hydrogel ionic diode for label-free quantitative DNA detection and real-time monitoring of nucleic acid amplification. The hydrogel ionic diode presented herein, unlike nanomaterial-based field-effect biosensors, features high cost-effectiveness and convenient fabrication. This is realized by patterning a micrometer-sized heterojunction consisting of adjacent segments of polycationic and polyanionic hydrogels on a microfluidic chip through simple photocuring steps. The integrated diode rectifies ionic currents being sensitive to the charge of DNA adsorbed onto the polycationic chains through electrostatic associations. Based on the mechanism, we show that the ionic biosensor can electrically quantify DNA in a dynamic range relevant to typical nucleic acid amplification assays. Utilizing the device, we demonstrate the evaluation of a PCR assay amplifying a 500-bp DNA fragment of E. coli, an infection-causing pathogen, and real-time in situ monitoring of an isothermal assay amplifying E. coli whole genome. We anticipate that the device could potentially pave the way for miniaturized optics-free platforms for quantifying nucleic acid amplification at point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwei Xiong
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jie Li
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Long Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xianqiang Mi
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Physical Biology, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Biomolecular control over local gating in bilayer graphene induced by ferritin. iScience 2022; 25:104128. [PMID: 35434555 PMCID: PMC9010634 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical field-induced charge modulation in graphene-based devices at the nanoscale with ultrahigh density carrier accumulation is important for various practical applications. In bilayer graphene (BLG), inversion symmetry can simply be broken by an external electric field. However, control over charge carrier density at the nanometer scale is a challenging task. We demonstrate local gating of BLG in the nanometer range by adsorption of AfFtnAA (which is a bioengineered ferritin, an iron-storing globular protein with ∅ = 12 nm). Low-temperature electrical transport measurements with field-effect transistors with these AfFtnAA/BLG surfaces show hysteresis with two Dirac peaks. One peak at a gate voltage VBG = 35 V is associated with pristine BLG, while the second peak at VBG = 5 V results from local doping by ferritin. This charge trapping at the biomolecular length scale offers a straightforward and non-destructive method to alter the local electronic structure of BLG. Local gating with 12 nm resolution by charge trapping in ferritin. Adsorption of ferritin on graphene via non-invasive self-assembly. Charging controlled via iron oxide loading of ferritin. Visualization of individual ferritins on graphene by atomic force microscopy.
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13
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Manimekala T, Sivasubramanian R, Dharmalingam G. Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors using Field-Effect Transistors: A Review. JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2022; 51:1950-1973. [PMID: 35250154 PMCID: PMC8881998 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-022-09492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistor biosensors (Bio-FET) have attracted great interest in recent years owing to their distinctive properties like high sensitivity, good selectivity, and easy integration into portable and wearable electronic devices. Bio-FET performance mainly relies on the constituent components such as the bio-recognition layer and the transducer, which ensures device stability, sensitivity, and lifetime. Nanomaterial-based Bio-FETs are excellent candidates for biosensing applications. This review discusses the basic concepts, function, and working principles of Bio-FETs, and focuses on the progress of recent research in Bio-FETs in the sensing of neurotransmitters, glucose, nucleic acids, proteins, viruses, and cancer biomarkers using nanomaterials. Finally, challenges in the development of Bio-FETs, as well as an outlook on the prospects of nano Bio-FET-based sensing in various fields, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Manimekala
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Materials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
| | - R. Sivasubramanian
- Electrochemical Sensors and Energy Materials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
| | - Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam
- Plasmonic Nanomaterials Laboratory, PSG Institute of Advanced Studies, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu 641004 India
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15
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Ferrier DC, Honeychurch KC. Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Based Biosensors. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:bios11120486. [PMID: 34940243 PMCID: PMC8699144 DOI: 10.3390/bios11120486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent advances in the application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the development of sensors and biosensors. The paper discusses various configurations of these devices, including their integration in analytical devices. Carbon nanotube-based sensors have been developed for a broad range of applications including electrochemical sensors for food safety, optical sensors for heavy metal detection, and field-effect devices for virus detection. However, as yet there are only a few examples of carbon nanotube-based sensors that have reached the marketplace. Challenges still hamper the real-world application of carbon nanotube-based sensors, primarily, the integration of carbon nanotube sensing elements into analytical devices and fabrication on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Ferrier
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Kevin C. Honeychurch
- Institute of Bio-Sensing Technology, Frenchay Campus, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, Frenchay Campus, Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
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16
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Sadighbayan D, Minhas-Khan A, Ghafar-Zadeh E. Laser-Induced Graphene-Functionalized Field-Effect Transistor-Based Biosensing: A Potent Candidate for COVID-19 Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:232-245. [PMID: 34648455 PMCID: PMC9088816 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Speedy and on-time detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of high importance to control the pandemic effectively and stop its disastrous consequences. A widely available, reliable, label-free, and rapid test that can recognize tiny amounts of specific biomarkers might be the solution. Nanobiosensors are one of the most attractive candidates for this purpose. Integration of graphene with biosensing devices shifts the performance of these systems to an incomparable level. Between the various arrangements using this wonder material, field-effect transistors (FETs) display a precise detection even in complex samples. The emergence of pioneering biosensors for detecting a wide range of diseases especially COVID-19 created the incentive to prepare a review of the recent graphene-FET biosensing platforms. However, the graphene fabrication and transfer to the surface of the device is an imperative factor for researchers to take into account. Therefore, we also reviewed the common methods of manufacturing graphene for biosensing applications and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most recent synthesizing techniques - laser-induced graphene (LIG) - is attracting attention owing to its extraordinary benefits which are thoroughly explained in this article. Finally, a conclusion highlighting the current challenges is presented.
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17
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Cheema JA, Carraher C, Plank NOV, Travas-Sejdic J, Kralicek A. Insect odorant receptor-based biosensors: Current status and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107840. [PMID: 34606949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the senses of vision and hearing have been successfully automated and miniaturized in portable formats (e.g. smart phone), this is yet to be achieved with the sense of smell. This is because the sensing challenge is not trivial as it involves navigating a chemosensory space comprising thousands of volatile organic compounds. Distinct aroma recognition is based on detecting unique combinations of volatile organic compounds. In natural olfactory systems this is accomplished by employing odorant receptors (ORs) with varying specificities, together with combinatorial neural coding mechanisms. Attempts to mimic the remarkable sensitivity and accuracy of natural olfactory systems has therefore been challenging. Current portable chemical sensors for odorant detection are neither sensitive nor selective, prompting research exploring artificial olfactory devices that use natural OR proteins for sensing. Much research activity to develop OR based biosensors has concentrated on mammalian ORs, however, insect ORs have not been explored as extensively. Insects possess an extraordinary sense of smell due to a repertoire of odorant receptors evolved to interpret olfactory cues vital to the insects' survival. The potential of insect ORs as sensing elements is only now being unlocked through recent research efforts to understand their structure, ligand binding mechanisms and development of odorant biosensors. Like their mammalian counterparts, there are many challenges with working with insect ORs. These include expression, purification and presentation of the insect OR in a stable display format compatible with an effective transduction methodology while maintaining OR structure and function. Despite these challenges, significant progress has been demonstrated in developing OR-based biosensors which exploit insect ORs in cells, lipid bilayers, liposomes and nanodisc formats. Ultrasensitive and highly selective detection of volatile organic compounds has been validated by coupling these insect OR display formats with transduction methodologies spanning optical (fluorescence) and electrical (field effect transistors, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) techniques. This review summarizes the current status of insect OR based biosensors and their future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Ahmed Cheema
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Colm Carraher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Natalie O V Plank
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Biointerface Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew Kralicek
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Scentian Bio Limited, 1c Goring Road, Sandringham, Auckland 1025, New Zealand.
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18
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Yuan Z, Wang L, Chen J, Su W, Li A, Su G, Liu P, Zhou X. Electrochemical strategies for the detection of cTnI. Analyst 2021; 146:5474-5495. [PMID: 34515706 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00808k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of death from cardiovascular diseases. Thus, early diagnosis of AMI is essential for the treatment of irreversible damage from myocardial infarction. Traditional electrocardiograms (ECG) cannot meet the specific detection of AMI. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is the main biomarker for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and the detection of cTnI content has become particularly important. In this review, we introduced and compared the advantages and disadvantages of various cTnI detection methods. We focused on the analysis and comparison of the main indicators and limitations of various cTnI biosensors, including the detection range, detection limit, specificity, repeatability, and stability. In particular, we pay more attention to the application and development of electrochemical biosensors in the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on different biological components. The application of electrochemical microfluidic chips for cTnI was also briefly introduced in this review. Finally, this review also briefly discusses the unresolved challenges of electrochemical detection and the expectations for improvement in the detection of cTnI biosensing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yuan
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Li Wang
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Weiguang Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Anqing Li
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guosheng Su
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- Advanced Micro and Nano-instruments Center, School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China. .,Shandong Institute of Mechanical Design and Research, Jinan 250353, China
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19
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Miyachi M, Zhu W, Nakae T, Yamanoi Y, Ikuta T, Maehashi K, Nishihara H. Dirac-point Shift of Graphene-FET in the Presence of Ionic Molecules or Surfactants. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Miyachi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikuta
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kenzo Maehashi
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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20
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Ramanavicius A, Morkvenaite-Vilkonciene I, Samukaite-Bubniene U, Petroniene JJ, Barkauskas J, Genys P, Ratautaite V, Viter R, Iatsunskyi I, Ramanaviciene A. Scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based characterization of perforated polycarbonate membrane modified by carbon-nanomaterials and glucose oxidase. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Addressing the Theoretical and Experimental Aspects of Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based FET Immunosensors: A Review. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical immunosensors (EI) have been widely investigated in the last several years. Among them, immunosensors based on low-dimensional materials (LDM) stand out, as they could provide a substantial gain in fabricating point-of-care devices, paving the way for fast, precise, and sensitive diagnosis of numerous severe illnesses. The high surface area available in LDMs makes it possible to immobilize a high density of bioreceptors, improving the sensitivity in biorecognition events between antibodies and antigens. If on the one hand, many works present promising results in using LDMs as a sensing material in EIs, on the other hand, very few of them discuss the fundamental interactions involved at the interfaces. Understanding the fundamental Chemistry and Physics of the interactions between the surface of LDMs and the bioreceptors, and how the operating conditions and biorecognition events affect those interactions, is vital when proposing new devices. Here, we present a review of recent works on EIs, focusing on devices that use LDMs (1D and 2D) as the sensing substrate. To do so, we highlight both experimental and theoretical aspects, bringing to light the fundamental aspects of the main interactions occurring at the interfaces and the operating mechanisms in which the detections are based.
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22
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Ivanov YD, Romanova TS, Malsagova KA, Pleshakova TO, Archakov AI. Use of Silicon Nanowire Sensors for Early Cancer Diagnosis. Molecules 2021; 26:3734. [PMID: 34207397 PMCID: PMC8234636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The review covers some research conducted in the field of medical and biomedical application of devices based on silicon sensor elements (Si-NW-sensors). The use of Si-NW-sensors is one of the key methods used in a whole range of healthcare fields. Their biomedical use is among the most important ones as they offer opportunities for early diagnosis of oncological pathologies, for monitoring the prescribed therapy and for improving the people's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kristina A. Malsagova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.D.I.); (T.S.R.); (T.O.P.); (A.I.A.)
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23
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Yamanoi Y, Nakae T, Nishihara H. Bio-organic-inorganic hybrid soft materials: photoelectric conversion systems based on photosystem I and II with molecular wires. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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24
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Raghavan VS, O'Driscoll B, Bloor JM, Li B, Katare P, Sethi J, Gorthi SS, Jenkins D. Emerging graphene-based sensors for the detection of food adulterants and toxicants - A review. Food Chem 2021; 355:129547. [PMID: 33773454 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection of food adulterants and toxicants can prevent a large variety of adverse health conditions for the global population. Through the process of rapid sensing enabled by deploying novel and robust sensors, the food industry can assist in the detection of adulterants and toxicants at trace levels. Sensor platforms which exploit graphene-based nanomaterials satisfy this requirement due to outstanding electrical, optical and thermal properties. The materials' facile conjugation with linkers and biomolecules along with the option for further enhancement using nanoparticles results in highly sensitive and selective sensing characteristics. This review highlights novel applications of graphene derivatives for detection covering three important approaches; optical, electrical (field-effect) and electrochemical sensing. Suitable graphene-based sensors for portable devices as point-of-need platforms are also presented. The future scope of these sensors is discussed to showcase how these emerging techniques will disrupt the food detection sector for years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Srinivasa Raghavan
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Benjamin O'Driscoll
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - J M Bloor
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Prateek Katare
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jagriti Sethi
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - David Jenkins
- Wolfson Nanomaterials & Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
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25
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Kim S, Brady J, Al-Badani F, Yu S, Hart J, Jung S, Tran TT, Myung NV. Nanoengineering Approaches Toward Artificial Nose. Front Chem 2021; 9:629329. [PMID: 33681147 PMCID: PMC7935515 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.629329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant scientific efforts have been made to mimic and potentially supersede the mammalian nose using artificial noses based on arrays of individual cross-sensitive gas sensors over the past couple decades. To this end, thousands of research articles have been published regarding the design of gas sensor arrays to function as artificial noses. Nanoengineered materials possessing high surface area for enhanced reaction kinetics and uniquely tunable optical, electronic, and optoelectronic properties have been extensively used as gas sensing materials in single gas sensors and sensor arrays. Therefore, nanoengineered materials address some of the shortcomings in sensitivity and selectivity inherent in microscale and macroscale materials for chemical sensors. In this article, the fundamental gas sensing mechanisms are briefly reviewed for each material class and sensing modality (electrical, optical, optoelectronic), followed by a survey and review of the various strategies for engineering or functionalizing these nanomaterials to improve their gas sensing selectivity, sensitivity and other measures of gas sensing performance. Specifically, one major focus of this review is on nanoscale materials and nanoengineering approaches for semiconducting metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, carbonaceous nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and others as used in single gas sensors or sensor arrays for electrical sensing modality. Additionally, this review discusses the various nano-enabled techniques and materials of optical gas detection modality, including photonic crystals, surface plasmonic sensing, and nanoscale waveguides. Strategies for improving or tuning the sensitivity and selectivity of materials toward different gases are given priority due to the importance of having cross-sensitivity and selectivity toward various analytes in designing an effective artificial nose. Furthermore, optoelectrical sensing, which has to date not served as a common sensing modality, is also reviewed to highlight potential research directions. We close with some perspective on the future development of artificial noses which utilize optical and electrical sensing modalities, with additional focus on the less researched optoelectronic sensing modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Faraj Al-Badani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Sooyoun Yu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Joseph Hart
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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26
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Ruiz-Clavijo A, Caballero-Calero O, Martín-González M. Revisiting anodic alumina templates: from fabrication to applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2227-2265. [PMID: 33480949 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07582e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Anodic porous alumina, -AAO- (also known as nanoporous alumina, nanohole alumina arrays, -NAA- or nanoporous anodized alumina platforms, -NAAP-) has opened new opportunities in a wide range of fields, and is used as an advanced photonic structure for applications in structural coloration and advanced optical biosensing based on the ordered nanoporous structure obtained and as a template to grow nanowires or nanotubes of different materials giving rise to metamaterials with tailored properties. Therefore, understanding the structure of nanoporous anodic alumina templates and knowing how they are fabricated provide a tool for the further design of structures based on them, such as 3D nanoporous structures developed recently. In this work, we review the latest developments related to nanoporous alumina, which is currently a very active field, to provide a solid and thorough reference for all interested experts, both in academia and industry, on these nanostructured and highly useful structures. We present an overview of theories on the formation of pores and self-ordering in alumina, paying special attention to those presented in recent years, and different nanostructures that have been developed recently. Therefore, a wide variety of architectures, ranging from ordered nanoporous structures to diameter changing pores, branched pores, and 3D nanostructures will be discussed. Next, some of the most relevant results using different nanostructured morphologies as templates for the growth of different materials with novel properties and reduced dimensionality in magnetism, thermoelectricity, etc. will be summarised, showing how these structures have influenced the state of the art in a wide variety of fields. Finally, a review on how these anodic aluminium membranes are used as platforms for different applications combined with optical techniques, together with principles behind these applications will be presented, in addition to a hint on the future applications of these versatile nanomaterials. In summary, this review is focused on the most recent developments, without neglecting the basis and older studies that have led the way to these findings. Thus, it gives an updated state-of-the-art review that should be useful not only for experts in the field, but also for non-specialists, helping them to gain a broad understanding of the importance of anodic porous alumina, and most probably, endow them with new ideas for its use in fields of interest or even developing the anodization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ruiz-Clavijo
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olga Caballero-Calero
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marisol Martín-González
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM+CSIC) Isaac Newton, 8, E-28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain.
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Perera GS, Ahmed T, Heiss L, Walia S, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S. Rapid and Selective Biomarker Detection with Conductometric Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005582. [PMID: 33502115 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biomarker detection in human body fluids is crucial as biomarkers are important in diagnosing diseases. Conventional invasive techniques for biomarker detection are associated with infection, tissue damage, and discomfort. Non-invasive devices are an attractive alternative. Here, metal oxide (oxygen-deficient zinc oxide, ZnO) based conductometric sensors with two-terminal electrodes for rapid detection of biomarkers in real-time, are presented. This platform can be engineered for non-invasive, sensitive, and on-demand selective detection of biomarkers based on surface functionalization. The three novelties in this biosensing technique include an on-demand target selection device platform, short (<10 min) incubation times, and real-time monitoring of the biomarker of interest by electrical (resistance change) measurements. Cardiac inflammatory biomarkers interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are used as the model antigens. The devices can detect 100× lower concentration of IL-6 than healthy levels in human saliva and sweat and 1000× and ≈50× lower CRP concentrations than healthy levels in human saliva and sweat, respectively. The devices show high selectivity for IL-6 and CRP antigens when tested with a mixture of biomarkers. This sensor platform can be extended to selective measurements for viruses or DNA screening, which enables a new category of compact and rapid point-of-care medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganganath S Perera
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Taimur Ahmed
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Leah Heiss
- School of Design, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sumeet Walia
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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Nanomaterial-sensors for herbicides detection using electrochemical techniques and prospect applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sheibani S, Capua L, Kamaei S, Akbari SSA, Zhang J, Guerin H, Ionescu AM. Extended gate field-effect-transistor for sensing cortisol stress hormone. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2021; 2:10. [PMID: 33506228 PMCID: PMC7815575 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-020-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress and is a major glucocorticoid produced by adrenal glands. Here, we report a wearable sensory electronic chip using label-free detection, based on a platinum/graphene aptamer extended gate field effect transistor (EG-FET) for the recognition of cortisol in biological buffers within the Debye screening length. The device shows promising experimental features for real-time monitoring of the circadian rhythm of cortisol in human sweat. We report a hysteresis-free EG-FET with a voltage sensitivity of the order of 14 mV/decade and current sensitivity up to 80% over the four decades of cortisol concentration. The detection limit is 0.2 nM over a wide range, between 1 nM and 10 µM, of cortisol concentrations in physiological fluid, with negligible drift over time and high selectivity. The dynamic range fully covers those in human sweat. We propose a comprehensive analysis and a unified, predictive analytical mapping of current sensitivity in all regimes of operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Sheibani
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Capua
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Kamaei
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Adrian M. Ionescu
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Patel V, Kruse P, Selvaganapathy PR. Solid State Sensors for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection. BIOSENSORS 2020; 11:9. [PMID: 33375685 PMCID: PMC7823577 DOI: 10.3390/bios11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key molecule in numerous physiological, industrial, and environmental processes. H2O2 is monitored using various methods like colorimetry, luminescence, fluorescence, and electrochemical methods. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of solid state sensors to monitor H2O2. The review covers three categories of sensors: chemiresistive, conductometric, and field effect transistors. A brief description of the sensing mechanisms of these sensors has been provided. All three sensor types are evaluated based on the sensing parameters like sensitivity, limit of detection, measuring range and response time. We highlight those sensors which have advanced the field by using innovative materials or sensor fabrication techniques. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current solid state sensors and the future directions for research and development in this exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Patel
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Peter Kruse
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada;
| | - Ponnambalam Ravi Selvaganapathy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Wang J, Wen J, Yan H. Recent Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials for microRNA Electrochemical Sensing. Chem Asian J 2020; 16:114-128. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Hebei University Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Jia Wen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Hebei University Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Hongyuan Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science Hebei University Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province Baoding 071002 P. R. China
- College of Public Health Hebei University Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education Baoding 071002 P. R. China
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Immuno-probed graphene nanoplatelets on electrolyte-gated field-effect transistor for stable cortisol quantification in serum. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Shen Y, Modha S, Tsutsui H, Mulchandani A. An origami electrical biosensor for multiplexed analyte detection in body fluids. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112721. [PMID: 33091685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed an affordable, highly sensitive, and specific paper-based microfluidic platform for fast multiplexed detections of important biomarkers in various body fluids, including urine, saliva, serum, and whole blood. The sensor array consisted of five individual sensing channels with various functionalities that only required a micro liter-sized sample, which was equally split into aliquots by the built-in paper microfluidics. We achieved the individual functionalizations of various bioreceptors by employing the use of wax barriers and 'paper bridges' in an easy and low-cost manner. Pyrene carboxylic acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (PCA/SWNTs) were deposited by quantitative inkjet printing with an optimal 3-dimensional semiconductor density on a paper substrate. Multiple antibodies were immobilized onto the SWNTs surface for highly sensitive and specific field-effect transistor (FET)/chemiresistor (CR) biosensors. We explored the optimal sensing conditions for the paper-based CR biosensor to achieve high sensitivities and specificities towards the target biomarker proteins (human serum albumin (HSA) and human immunoglobulin G (HIgG)) and achieved an ultralow detectable concentration of HSA and HIgG at 1.5 pM. Besides, origami folding was employed to simplify the fabrication process further. The sensing platform described in this work was cost-effective, semi-automated, and user-friendly. It demonstrated the capability of having multiple sensing functions in one paper-based microfluidic sensing platform. It envisioned the potential of a point-of-care device with full-analysis for practical diagnostics in an ASSURED (Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users) fashion for a quick test of targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Sidharth Modha
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Hideaki Tsutsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Stem Cell Center, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA; Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA.
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Flynn C, Ignaszak A. Lyme Disease Biosensors: A Potential Solution to a Diagnostic Dilemma. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:E137. [PMID: 32998254 PMCID: PMC7601730 DOI: 10.3390/bios10100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, Lyme disease has remained a virulent and pervasive illness, persisting throughout North America and many other regions of the world. Recent increases in illness in many countries has sparked a renewed interest in improved Lyme diagnostics. While current standards of diagnosis are acceptable for the late stages of the disease, it remains difficult to accurately diagnose early forms of the illness. In addition, current diagnostic methods tend to be relatively expensive and require a large degree of laboratory-based analysis. Biosensors represent the fusion of biological materials with chemical techniques to provide simple, inexpensive alternatives to traditional diagnostic methods. Lyme disease biosensors have the potential to better diagnose early stages of the illness and provide possible patients with an inexpensive, commercially available test. This review examines the current state of Lyme disease biosensing, with a focus on previous biosensor development and essential future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada;
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Sainz R, Del Pozo M, Vilas-Varela M, Castro-Esteban J, Pérez Corral M, Vázquez L, Blanco E, Peña D, Martín-Gago JA, Ellis GJ, Petit-Domínguez MD, Quintana C, Casero E. Chemically synthesized chevron-like graphene nanoribbons for electrochemical sensors development: determination of epinephrine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14614. [PMID: 32884078 PMCID: PMC7471882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We employ chevron-like graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) synthesized by a solution-based chemical route to develop a novel electrochemical sensor for determination of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (EPI). The sensor surface, a glassy carbon electrode modified with GNRs, is characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, which show that the electrode surface modification comprises of bi-dimensional multilayer-stacked GNRs that retain their molecular structure. The charge transfer process occurring at the electrode interface is evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The sensor is applied to the determination of EPI, employing as an analytical signal the reduction peak corresponding to the epinephrinechrome–leucoepinephrinechrome transition (E = − 0.25 V) instead of the oxidation peak usually employed in the literature (E = + 0.6 V) in order to minimize interferences. The results obtained demonstrate that chevron-like nanoribbons synthesized by solution methods exhibit reliable electrocatalytic activity for EPI determination. Using differential pulse voltammetry, we obtain a linear concentration range from 6.4 × 10–6 to 1.0 × 10–4 M and a detection limit of 2.1 × 10–6 M. The applicability of the sensor was evaluated by determining EPI in pharmaceutical samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sainz
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Pozo
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesús Castro-Esteban
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Pérez Corral
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Vázquez
- ESISNA group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Nº3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elías Blanco
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José A Martín-Gago
- ESISNA group, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Nº3, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary J Ellis
- Departamento de Física de Polímeros, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/ Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Petit-Domínguez
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Quintana
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Casero
- Departamento de Química Analítica y Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Excelencia de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/ Francisco Tomás y Valiente, Nº7, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Hwang HS, Jeong JW, Kim YA, Chang M. Carbon Nanomaterials as Versatile Platforms for Biosensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090814. [PMID: 32872236 PMCID: PMC7569884 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A biosensor is defined as a measuring system that includes a biological receptor unit with distinctive specificities toward target analytes. Such analytes include a wide range of biological origins such as DNAs of bacteria or viruses, or proteins generated from an immune system of infected or contaminated living organisms. They further include simple molecules such as glucose, ions, and vitamins. One of the major challenges in biosensor development is achieving efficient signal capture of biological recognition-transduction events. Carbon nanomaterials (CNs) are promising candidates to improve the sensitivity of biosensors while attaining low detection limits owing to their capability of immobilizing large quantities of bioreceptor units at a reduced volume, and they can also act as a transduction element. In addition, CNs can be adapted to functionalization and conjugation with organic compounds or metallic nanoparticles; the creation of surface functional groups offers new properties (e.g., physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, and optical properties) to the nanomaterials. Because of these intriguing features, CNs have been extensively employed in biosensor applications. In particular, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanodiamonds, graphene, and fullerenes serve as scaffolds for the immobilization of biomolecules at their surface and are also used as transducers for the conversion of signals associated with the recognition of biological analytes. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the synthesis of CNs and their potential application to biosensors. In addition, we discuss the efforts to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of biosensors by combining different CNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Suk Hwang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yoong Ahm Kim
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
| | - Mincheol Chang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.S.H.); (Y.A.K.); (M.C.); Tel.: +82-62-530-1771 (M.C.)
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Sedki M, Chen Y, Mulchandani A. Non-Carbon 2D Materials-Based Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4811. [PMID: 32858906 PMCID: PMC7506755 DOI: 10.3390/s20174811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, field-effect transistors (FETs) have been very promising for biosensor applications due to their high sensitivity, real-time applicability, scalability, and prospect of integrating measurement system on a chip. Non-carbon 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), black phosphorus (BP), and metal oxides, are a group of new materials that have a huge potential in FET biosensor applications. In this work, we review the recent advances and remarkable studies of non-carbon 2D materials, in terms of their structures, preparations, properties and FET biosensor applications. We will also discuss the challenges facing non-carbon 2D materials-FET biosensors and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sedki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Shariati M, Sadeghi M. Ultrasensitive DNA biosensor for hepatitis B virus detection based on tin-doped WO3/In2O3 heterojunction nanowire photoelectrode under laser amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5367-5377. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Monitoring the hemostasis process through the electrical characteristics of a graphene-based field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 157:112167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Noriega-Navarro R, Castro-Medina J, Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Zelada-Guillén GA. Control of pH-Responsiveness in Graphene Oxide Grafted with Poly-DEAEMA via Tailored Functionalization. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040614. [PMID: 32230739 PMCID: PMC7221901 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymer-grafted nanomaterials based on carbon allotropes and their derivatives (graphene oxide (GO), etc.) are typically prepared by successive reaction stages that depend upon the initial functionalities in the nanostructure and the polymerization type needed for grafting. However, due to the multiple variables involved in the functionalization steps, it is commonly difficult to predict the properties in the final product and to correlate the material history with its final performance. In this work, we explored the steps needed to graft the carboxylic acid moieties in GO (COOH@GO) with a pH-sensitive polymer, poly[2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (poly[DEAEMA]), varying the reactant ratios at each stage prior to polymerization. We studied the combinatorial relationship between these variables and the behavior of the novel grafted material GO-g-poly[DEAEMA], in terms of swelling ratio vs. pH (%Q) in solid specimens and potentiometric response vs. Log[H+] in a solid-state sensor format. We first introduced N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-ester moieties at the –COOH groups (GO-g-NHS) by a classical activation with N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC). Then, we substituted the NHS-ester groups by polymerizable amide-linked acrylic moieties using 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) at different ratios to finally introduce the polymer chains via radical polymerization in an excess of DEAEMA monomer. We found correlated trends in swelling pH range, interval of maximum and minimum swelling values, response in potentiometry and potentiometric linear range vs. Log[H+] and could establish their relationship with the combinatorial stoichiometries in synthetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Noriega-Navarro
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
| | - Jésica Castro-Medina
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Escuela Nacional Preparatoria 8 Miguel E. Schulz, Lomas de Plateros s/n, Álvaro Obregón, Mexico City 01600, Mexico
| | - Martha V. Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.-B.); (G.A.Z.-G.)
| | - Gustavo A. Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (R.N.-N.); (J.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.E.-B.); (G.A.Z.-G.)
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Nano-carbons in biosensor applications: an overview of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and fullerenes (C60). SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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42
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Prosa M, Bolognesi M, Fornasari L, Grasso G, Lopez-Sanchez L, Marabelli F, Toffanin S. Nanostructured Organic/Hybrid Materials and Components in Miniaturized Optical and Chemical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E480. [PMID: 32155993 PMCID: PMC7153587 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, biochemical sensors have brought a disruptive breakthrough in analytical chemistry and microbiology due the advent of technologically advanced systems conceived to respond to specific applications. From the design of a multitude of different detection modalities, several classes of sensor have been developed over the years. However, to date they have been hardly used in point-of-care or in-field applications, where cost and portability are of primary concern. In the present review we report on the use of nanostructured organic and hybrid compounds in optoelectronic, electrochemical and plasmonic components as constituting elements of miniaturized and easy-to-integrate biochemical sensors. We show how the targeted design, synthesis and nanostructuring of organic and hybrid materials have enabled enormous progress not only in terms of modulation and optimization of the sensor capabilities and performance when used as active materials, but also in the architecture of the detection schemes when used as structural/packing components. With a particular focus on optoelectronic, chemical and plasmonic components for sensing, we highlight that the new concept of having highly-integrated architectures through a system-engineering approach may enable the full expression of the potential of the sensing systems in real-setting applications in terms of fast-response, high sensitivity and multiplexity at low-cost and ease of portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prosa
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Margherita Bolognesi
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Lucia Fornasari
- Plasmore s.r.l., viale Vittorio Emanuele II 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.F.); (L.L.-S.)
| | - Gerardo Grasso
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR) c/o Department of Chemistry, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Lopez-Sanchez
- Plasmore s.r.l., viale Vittorio Emanuele II 4, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (L.F.); (L.L.-S.)
| | - Franco Marabelli
- Physics Department, University of Pavia, via A. Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Stefano Toffanin
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (ISMN), National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.P.); (M.B.)
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43
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Tran TT, Clark K, Ma W, Mulchandani A. Detection of a secreted protein biomarker for citrus Huanglongbing using a single-walled carbon nanotubes-based chemiresistive biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 147:111766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Long W, Wang J, Xu F, Wu H, Mu X, Wang J, Sun Y, Zhang XD. Catalytic PtPd bimetal nanocrystals with high-index facets for radiation injury repair. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nishiori D, Zhu W, Salles R, Miyachi M, Yamanoi Y, Ikuta T, Maehashi K, Tomo T, Nishihara H. Photosensing System Using Photosystem I and Gold Nanoparticle on Graphene Field-Effect Transistor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:42773-42779. [PMID: 31625385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a light sensor is fabricated based on photosystem I (PSI) and a graphene field-effect transistor (FET) that detects light at a high quantum yield under ambient conditions. We immobilized PSI on a micrometer-sized graphene FET using Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and measured the I-V characteristics of the modified graphene FET before and after light irradiation. The source-drain current (Isd) increased upon illumination, exhibiting a photoresponsivity of 4.8 × 102 A W-1, and the charge neutrality point of graphene shifted by -12 mV. This system represents the first successful photosensing system based on proteins and a solution-gated graphene FET. The probable mechanism of this negative shift can be explained by the increase in negative charge carriers in graphene induced by a hole trap in the AuNP resulting from electron transfer from the AuNP to PSI. Photoresponses were only observed in the presence of two surface-active agents, n-hexyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, because they caused the formation of a hydrophobic environment on the surface of the graphene. The lipid layer of these agents caused dissociation of ascorbate ions from the graphene sheet, thereby expanding the Debye screening length of the electrolyte solution. The hydrophobic environment above graphene also enhanced hole storage in the AuNP through electron transfer from the AuNP to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nishiori
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Wenchao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Raphaël Salles
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Mariko Miyachi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Takashi Ikuta
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Kenzo Maehashi
- Division of Advanced Applied Physics, Institute of Engineering , Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , 2-24-16 Nakacho , Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Tokyo University of Science , Kagurazaka 1-3 , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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46
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Sun Y, Peng Z, Li H, Wang Z, Mu Y, Zhang G, Chen S, Liu S, Wang G, Liu C, Sun L, Man B, Yang C. Suspended CNT-Based FET sensor for ultrasensitive and label-free detection of DNA hybridization. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 137:255-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zou B, Chu Y, Xia J. Monocrotophos detection with a bienzyme biosensor based on ionic-liquid-modified carbon nanotubes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:2905-2914. [PMID: 31011780 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor technology is widely applied in the detection of organophosphate pesticides in agricultural production via the inhibition of AChE activity by organophosphates. However, the AChE electrode has some drawbacks, such as low stability and high overpotential. Combining the advantages of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ionic liquids, we constructed a novel bienzyme electrode [Cl/iron porphyrin (FePP)-modified MWCNTs/AChE/glassy carbon electrode], which included AChE and mimetic oxidase FePP. In this electrode, FePP is covalently bound to the AChE carrier via ionic liquid for increased electrode sensitivity and stability. Under optimal conditions, this novel biosensor has a monocrotophos detection limit of 3.2 × 10-11 mol/L and good recovery of 89-104%. After 5 weeks of storage at 4 °C, the oxidation current was 97.8% of its original value. The biosensor has high stability and sensitivity for monocrotophos detection and is a promising device for monitoring food safety. Graphical abstract The complete synthesis process of Cl/FePP-MWCNTs/AChE/GCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zou
- Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanhong Chu
- Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- Jiangsu University, No.301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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48
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Zhan S, Pan Y, Gao ZF, Lou X, Xia F. Biological and chemical sensing applications based on special wettable surfaces. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Li X, Tang X, Chen X, Qu B, Lu L. Label-free and enzyme-free fluorescent isocarbophos aptasensor based on MWCNTs and G-quadruplex. Talanta 2018; 188:232-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Hatada M, Tran TT, Tsugawa W, Sode K, Mulchandani A. Affinity sensor for haemoglobin A1c based on single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistor and fructosyl amino acid binding protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 129:254-259. [PMID: 30297174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a significant glycaemic marker for diabetes mellitus. The level of HbA1c reflects the mean blood glucose level over the prior 2-3 months and it is useful for the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness and for diagnosis. In this study, we report the label-free affinity sensor for HbA1c based on the chemiresistor-type field-effect transistor, which has a simple sensor configuration. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were used as the transducing element. The fructosyl amino acid binding protein from Rhizobium radiobacter (SocA), which binds to α-fructosyl amino acid specifically, was used as the biorecognition element for fructosyl valine (FV), the product of the proteolytic hydrolysis of HbA1c. The developed sensor shows the ability to measure as low as 1.2 nM FV, which is 14-fold more sensitive compared to the previously reported fluorescence-based sensor using SocA. This sensor also exhibits high specificity where no significant response is observed from either fructosyl lysine (FK) or glucose, which are potential interferents. FK is the ε-fructosyl amino acid from glycated albumin, another glycated protein, whereas glucose is naturally present at very high concentration in the blood. We propose that the modulation of the surface charges on the SWNTs caused by the conformational change in SocA upon ligand binding leads to the proportionate changes in the number of carriers in the SWNT channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hatada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Thien-Toan Tran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wakako Tsugawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ashok Mulchandani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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