1
|
Qaderi F, Rosca T, Burla M, Leuthold J, Flandre D, Ionescu AM. Millimeter-wave to near-terahertz sensors based on reversible insulator-to-metal transition in VO 2. Commun Mater 2023; 4:34. [PMID: 38665394 PMCID: PMC11041681 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-023-00350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for low power bio-inspired spiking sensors, functional oxides like vanadium dioxide are expected to enable future energy efficient sensing. Here, we report uncooled millimeter-wave spiking detectors based on the sensitivity of insulator-to-metal transition threshold voltage to the incident wave. The detection concept is demonstrated through actuation of biased VO2 switches encapsulated in a pair of coupled antennas by interrupting coplanar waveguides for broadband measurements, on silicon substrates. Ultimately, we propose an electromagnetic-wave-sensitive voltage-controlled spike generator based on VO2 switches in an astable spiking circuit. The fabricated sensors show responsivities of around 66.3 MHz.W-1 at 1 μW, with a low noise equivalent power of 5 nW.Hz-0.5 at room temperature, for a footprint of 2.5 × 10-5 mm2. The responsivity in static characterizations is 76 kV.W-1. Based on experimental statistical data measured on robust fabricated devices, we discuss stochastic behavior and noise limits of VO2 -based spiking sensors applicable for wave power sensing in mm-wave and sub-terahertz range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Qaderi
- Nanoelectronic devices laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL STI IEL NANOLAB, ELB 335, Station 11, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Teodor Rosca
- Nanoelectronic devices laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL STI IEL NANOLAB, ELB 335, Station 11, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Burla
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), ETZ K 82, Gloriastrasse 35, Zürich, 8092 Switzerland
| | - Juerg Leuthold
- Institute of Electromagnetic Fields (IEF), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), ETZ K 82, Gloriastrasse 35, Zürich, 8092 Switzerland
| | - Denis Flandre
- ICTEAM, Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain (UCLouvain), ELEN, Place du Levant 3/L5.03.02, Louvain-la-Neuve, 1348 Belgium
| | - Adrian M. Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic devices laboratory (Nanolab), Department of Electrical Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL STI IEL NANOLAB, ELB 335, Station 11, Lausanne, 1015 Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gâjâilă G, Ghiță M, Zagrai G, Cotor DC, Ionescu AM, Zagrai Măierean AM, Damian A, Cotor G. Research on the effect of an androgenic hormone product on the functional status of common sebaceous glands in dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 2022; 25:397-402. [PMID: 36156608 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a high incidence of cutaneous tumors is observed in domestic carnivorous in pet clinic, the sebaceous glands being the starting point for the development of these tumors. The hormonal imbalances are considered to be the most common etiology for these tumors, so the current research is based on the effects of an androgenic like hormonal drug on the functionality of the sebaceous glands in dogs. For this purpose, 32 dogs were distributed in 4 groups: control group 1 (8 dogs - females), control group 2 (8 dogs - males), experimental group 1 (8 dogs - females) and experimental group 2 (8 dogs - males). The investigation targeted the pH of skin and the rate of sebum's secretion. The animals from the experimental groups were treated with Anabolin forte for 2 days at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscular. The obtained results revealed that administration of Anabolin forte in males induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 10.66%) of sebum's secretion and a significant decrease of pH of the skin (with 17.1%) compared to the animals from the control group. The administration of Anabolin forte in females induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 17.47%) of sebum's secretion and a significant decrease of the pH of the skin (with 14.32%) compared to the animals from the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gâjâilă
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Ghiță
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Zagrai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Saint Sylvester Secondary School, Bucharest-20764, Oltarului 11, Romania
| | - D C Cotor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osetoarticular TB "Foișor", Bucharest-030167, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 35-37, Romania
| | - A M Ionescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A M Zagrai Măierean
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Damian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Cotor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cotor G, Zagrai G, Gâjâilă G, Ghiță M, Ionescu AM, Damian A, Zagrai Măierean AM, Dragosloveanu Ș, Cotor DC. The evolution of some blood parameters in hypovolemia conditions in rabbits. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 24:589-594. [PMID: 35179851 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.139984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The shock is a general, non-specific pathological process, caused by the sudden action of very brutal pathogens, a situation for which the body has no reserves for qualitative and quantitative compensation-adaptation. The objective of our experiment was to make an evaluation of the changes in some hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood, during some hypovolemic evolutions, in the rabbits. Twenty New Zealand White rabbits we used. An IDEXX ProCyte Dx Hematology Analyzer was applied to perform hematological determinations. An IDEXX VetTest Chemistry Analyzer was used to perform blood biochemistry determinations. The data obtained were statistically analyzed, calculating the Media and Standard Deviation (SD), using the Microsoft Excel application. At the same time, the statistical significance of the differences between the batches was calculated based on the t test (Student) using the Microsoft Excel application. The study revealed a decrease in the number of red blood cells and leukocytes per unit volume of blood (p⟨0.05) in the case of group 2 and an increase in glucose, triglycerides (p⟨0.05). Experimental hypovolemia induced in the conditions of our experiment determined: an obvious posthemorrhagic anemia, a significant leukopenia mainly 6 hours after the production of hypovolemic shock and a significant hyperglycemia, manifested mainly 12 hours after the induction of hypovolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Cotor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Zagrai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G Gâjâilă
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M Ghiță
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A M Ionescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Damian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A M Zagrai Măierean
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ș Dragosloveanu
- Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osetoarticular TB "Foișor", Bucharest-030167, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 35-37, Romania
| | - D C Cotor
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osetoarticular TB "Foișor", Bucharest-030167, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 35-37, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
De Vito S, Esposito E, Massera E, Formisano F, Fattoruso G, Ferlito S, Del Giudice A, D’Elia G, Salvato M, Polichetti T, D’Auria P, Ionescu AM, Di Francia G. Crowdsensing IoT Architecture for Pervasive Air Quality and Exposome Monitoring: Design, Development, Calibration, and Long-Term Validation. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21155219. [PMID: 34372456 PMCID: PMC8348778 DOI: 10.3390/s21155219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A pervasive assessment of air quality in an urban or mobile scenario is paramount for personal or city-wide exposure reduction action design and implementation. The capability to deploy a high-resolution hybrid network of regulatory grade and low-cost fixed and mobile devices is a primary enabler for the development of such knowledge, both as a primary source of information and for validating high-resolution air quality predictive models. The capability of real-time and cumulative personal exposure monitoring is also considered a primary driver for exposome monitoring and future predictive medicine approaches. Leveraging on chemical sensing, machine learning, and Internet of Things (IoT) expertise, we developed an integrated architecture capable of meeting the demanding requirements of this challenging problem. A detailed account of the design, development, and validation procedures is reported here, along with the results of a two-year field validation effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saverio De Vito
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.V.); (E.E.)
| | - Elena Esposito
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.V.); (E.E.)
| | - Ettore Massera
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Fabrizio Formisano
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Grazia Fattoruso
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Sergio Ferlito
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Antonio Del Giudice
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Gerardo D’Elia
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Maria Salvato
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Tiziana Polichetti
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Paolo D’Auria
- ARPA Campania, Via Vicinale Santa Maria del Pianto Centro Polifunzionale, Torre 1, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Adrian M. Ionescu
- NanoLab, EPFL-Ecole Politechnique Federal de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Girolamo Di Francia
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Division, P. le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (E.M.); (F.F.); (G.F.); (S.F.); (A.D.G.); (G.D.); (M.S.); (T.P.); (G.D.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sandu V, Ionescu AM, Aldica G, Grigoroscuta MA, Burdusel M, Badica P. On the pinning force in high density MgB 2 samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5951. [PMID: 33723293 PMCID: PMC7961069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of the field dependence of the pinning force in different, high density sintered samples of MgB2 is presented. The samples were chosen to be representative for pure MgB2, MgB2 with additives, and partially oriented massive samples. In some cases, the curves of pinning force versus magnetic field of the selected samples present peculiar profiles and application of the typical scaling procedures fails. Based on the percolation model, we show that most features of the field dependence of the critical force that generate dissipation comply with the Dew-Hughes scaling law predictions within the grain boundary pinning mechanism if a connecting factor related to the superconducting connection of the grains is used. The field dependence of the connecting function, which is dependent on the superconducting anisotropy, is the main factor that controls the boundary between dissipative and non-dissipative current transport in high magnetic field. Experimental data indicate that the connecting function is also dependent on the particular properties (e.g., the presence of slightly non-stoichiometric phases, defects, homogeneity, and others) of each sample and it has the form of a single or double peaked function in all investigated samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sandu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - A M Ionescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - G Aldica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - M A Grigoroscuta
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - M Burdusel
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - P Badica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Street Atomistilor 405A, 077125, Magurele, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saoutieff E, Polichetti T, Jouanet L, Faucon A, Vidal A, Pereira A, Boisseau S, Ernst T, Miglietta ML, Alfano B, Massera E, De Vito S, Bui DHN, Benech P, Vuong TP, Moldovan C, Danlee Y, Walewyns T, Petre S, Flandre D, Ancans A, Greitans M, Ionescu AM. A Wearable Low-Power Sensing Platform for Environmental and Health Monitoring: The Convergence Project. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:1802. [PMID: 33807664 PMCID: PMC7961452 DOI: 10.3390/s21051802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The low-power sensing platform proposed by the Convergence project is foreseen as a wireless, low-power and multifunctional wearable system empowered by energy-efficient technologies. This will allow meeting the strict demands of life-style and healthcare applications in terms of autonomy for quasi-continuous collection of data for early-detection strategies. The system is compatible with different kinds of sensors, able to monitor not only health indicators of individual person (physical activity, core body temperature and biomarkers) but also the environment with chemical composition of the ambient air (NOx, COx, NHx particles) returning meaningful information on his/her exposure to dangerous (safety) or pollutant agents. In this article, we introduce the specifications and the design of the low-power sensing platform and the different sensors developed in the project, with a particular focus on pollutant sensing capabilities and specifically on NO2 sensor based on graphene and CO sensor based on polyaniline ink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Saoutieff
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | - Tiziana Polichetti
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Department, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.P.); (M.L.M.); (B.A.); (E.M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Laurent Jouanet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | - Adrien Faucon
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | - Audrey Vidal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | | | - Sébastien Boisseau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, F-38000 Grenoble, France; (L.J.); (A.F.); (A.V.); (S.B.); (T.E.)
| | - Maria Lucia Miglietta
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Department, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.P.); (M.L.M.); (B.A.); (E.M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Brigida Alfano
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Department, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.P.); (M.L.M.); (B.A.); (E.M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Ettore Massera
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Department, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.P.); (M.L.M.); (B.A.); (E.M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Saverio De Vito
- ENEA CR-Portici, TERIN-FSD Department, P.le E. Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy; (T.P.); (M.L.M.); (B.A.); (E.M.); (S.D.V.)
| | - Do Hanh Ngan Bui
- GINP, IMEP-LAHC, INP Grenoble—Minatec, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, CS 50257, F-38016 Grenoble, France; (D.H.N.B.); (P.B.); (T.-P.V.)
| | - Philippe Benech
- GINP, IMEP-LAHC, INP Grenoble—Minatec, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, CS 50257, F-38016 Grenoble, France; (D.H.N.B.); (P.B.); (T.-P.V.)
| | - Tan-Phu Vuong
- GINP, IMEP-LAHC, INP Grenoble—Minatec, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, CS 50257, F-38016 Grenoble, France; (D.H.N.B.); (P.B.); (T.-P.V.)
| | - Carmen Moldovan
- National Institute for R&D in Microtechnologies, 077190 Voluntari, Romania;
| | - Yann Danlee
- ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (Y.D.); (T.W.); (S.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Thomas Walewyns
- ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (Y.D.); (T.W.); (S.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Sylvain Petre
- ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (Y.D.); (T.W.); (S.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Denis Flandre
- ICTEAM, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (Y.D.); (T.W.); (S.P.); (D.F.)
| | - Armands Ancans
- Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Modris Greitans
- Institute of Electronics and Computer Science, 1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.A.); (M.G.)
| | - Adrian M. Ionescu
- NanoLab, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corti E, Cornejo Jimenez JA, Niang KM, Robertson J, Moselund KE, Gotsmann B, Ionescu AM, Karg S. Coupled VO 2 Oscillators Circuit as Analog First Layer Filter in Convolutional Neural Networks. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:628254. [PMID: 33642984 PMCID: PMC7905171 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.628254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we present an in-memory computing platform based on coupled VO2 oscillators fabricated in a crossbar configuration on silicon. Compared to existing platforms, the crossbar configuration promises significant improvements in terms of area density and oscillation frequency. Further, the crossbar devices exhibit low variability and extended reliability, hence, enabling experiments on 4-coupled oscillator. We demonstrate the neuromorphic computing capabilities using the phase relation of the oscillators. As an application, we propose to replace digital filtering operation in a convolutional neural network with oscillating circuits. The concept is tested with a VGG13 architecture on the MNIST dataset, achieving performances of 95% in the recognition task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kham M Niang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Robertson
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Adrian M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sheibani S, Capua L, Kamaei S, Akbari SSA, Zhang J, Guerin H, Ionescu AM. Extended gate field-effect-transistor for sensing cortisol stress hormone. Commun Mater 2021; 2:10. [PMID: 33506228 PMCID: PMC7815575 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-020-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a hormone released in response to stress and is a major glucocorticoid produced by adrenal glands. Here, we report a wearable sensory electronic chip using label-free detection, based on a platinum/graphene aptamer extended gate field effect transistor (EG-FET) for the recognition of cortisol in biological buffers within the Debye screening length. The device shows promising experimental features for real-time monitoring of the circadian rhythm of cortisol in human sweat. We report a hysteresis-free EG-FET with a voltage sensitivity of the order of 14 mV/decade and current sensitivity up to 80% over the four decades of cortisol concentration. The detection limit is 0.2 nM over a wide range, between 1 nM and 10 µM, of cortisol concentrations in physiological fluid, with negligible drift over time and high selectivity. The dynamic range fully covers those in human sweat. We propose a comprehensive analysis and a unified, predictive analytical mapping of current sensitivity in all regimes of operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shokoofeh Sheibani
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Capua
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadegh Kamaei
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Adrian M. Ionescu
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miu L, Ionescu AM, Miu D, Burdusel M, Badica P, Batalu D, Crisan A. Second magnetization peak, rhombic-to-square Bragg vortex glass transition, and intersecting magnetic hysteresis curves in overdoped BaFe 2(As 1-xP x) 2 single crystals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17274. [PMID: 33057042 PMCID: PMC7560746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The second magnetization peak (SMP) in the fourfold symmetric superconducting single crystals (such as iron pnictides and tetragonal cuprates) has been attributed to the rhombic-to-square transition (RST) of the quasi-ordered vortex solid (the Bragg vortex glass, BVG). This represents an alternative to the pinning-induced BVG disordering as the actual SMP mechanism. The analysis of the magnetic response of BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 specimens presented here shows that the SMP is not generated by the RST. However, the latter can affect the pinning-dependent SMP onset field if this is close to the (intrinsic) RST line, through the occurrence of a "shoulder" on the magnetic hysteresis curves m(H), and a maximum in the temperature variation of the DC critical current density. These features disappear in AC conditions, where the vortex system is dynamically ordered in the RST domain, emphasizing the essential role of vortex dislocations for an efficient accommodation of the vortex system to the pinning landscape and the SMP development. The m(H) shoulder is associated with a precipitous pinning-induced proliferation of dislocations at the RST, where the BVG elastic "squash" modulus softens. The DC magnetization relaxation indicates that the pinning-induced vortex system disordering continues above the RST domain, as the basic SMP mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Miu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - A M Ionescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - D Miu
- National Institute of Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - M Burdusel
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - P Badica
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania
| | - D Batalu
- SC Fileo Buildup SRL, 060816, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Crisan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 077125, Magurele, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saeidi A, Rosca T, Memisevic E, Stolichnov I, Cavalieri M, Wernersson LE, Ionescu AM. Nanowire Tunnel FET with Simultaneously Reduced Subthermionic Subthreshold Swing and Off-Current due to Negative Capacitance and Voltage Pinning Effects. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3255-3262. [PMID: 32293188 PMCID: PMC7227027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b05356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanowire tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) have been proposed as the most advanced one-dimensional (1D) devices that break the thermionic 60 mV/decade of the subthreshold swing (SS) of metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) by using quantum mechanical band-to-band tunneling and excellent electrostatic control. Meanwhile, negative capacitance (NC) of ferroelectrics has been proposed as a promising performance booster of MOSFETs to bypass the aforementioned fundamental limit by exploiting the differential amplification of the gate voltage under certain conditions. We combine these two principles into a single structure, a negative capacitance heterostructure TFET, and experimentally demonstrate a double beneficial effect: (i) a super-steep SS value down to 10 mV/decade and an extended low slope region that is due to the NC effect and, (ii) a remarkable off-current reduction that is experimentally observed and explained for the first time by the effect of the ferroelectric dipoles, which set the surface potential in a slightly negative value and further blocks the source tunneling current in the off-state. State-of-the-art InAs/InGaAsSb/GaSb nanowire TFETs are employed as the baseline transistor and PZT and silicon-doped HfO2 as ferroelectric materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeidi
- Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teodor Rosca
- Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Igor Stolichnov
- Ecole
Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muller AA, Moldoveanu A, Asavei V, Khadar RA, Sanabria-Codesal E, Krammer A, Fernandez-Bolaños M, Cavalieri M, Zhang J, Casu E, Schuler A, Ionescu AM. 3D Smith charts scattering parameters frequency-dependent orientation analysis and complex-scalar multi-parameter characterization applied to Peano reconfigurable vanadium dioxide inductors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18346. [PMID: 31797967 PMCID: PMC6892935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the field of Metal-Insulator-Transition (MIT) materials has emerged as an unconventional solution for novel energy efficient electronic functions, such as steep slope subthermionic switches, neuromorphic hardware, reconfigurable radiofrequency functions, new types of sensors, terahertz and optoelectronic devices. Employing radiofrequency (RF) electronic circuits with a MIT material like vanadium Dioxide, VO2, requires appropriate characterization tools and fabrication processes. In this work, we develop and use 3D Smith charts for devices and circuits having complex frequency dependences, like the ones resulting using MIT materials. The novel foundation of a 3D Smith chart involves here the geometrical fundamental notions of oriented curvature and variable homothety in order to clarify first theoretical inconsistencies in Foster and Non Foster circuits, where the driving point impedances exhibit mixed clockwise and counter-clockwise frequency dependent (oriented) paths on the Smith chart as frequency increases. We show here the unique visualization capability of a 3D Smith chart, which allows to quantify orientation over variable frequency. The new 3D Smith chart is applied as a joint complex-scalar 3D multi-parameter modelling and characterization environment for reconfigurable RF design exploiting Metal-Insulator-Transition (MIT) materials. We report fabricated inductors with record quality factors using VO2 phase transition to program multiple tuning states, operating in the range 4 GHz to 10 GHz.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei A Muller
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alin Moldoveanu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Asavei
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Riyaz A Khadar
- Powerlab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Sanabria-Codesal
- Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Krammer
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Fernandez-Bolaños
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Cavalieri
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Casu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schuler
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Saeidi A, Jazaeri F, Stolichnov I, Enz CC, Ionescu AM. Negative Capacitance as Universal Digital and Analog Performance Booster for Complementary MOS Transistors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9105. [PMID: 31235799 PMCID: PMC6591349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45628-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Boltzmann electron energy distribution poses a fundamental limit to lowering the energy dissipation of conventional MOS devices, a minimum increase of the gate voltage, i.e. 60 mV, is required for a 10-fold increase in drain-to-source current at 300 K. Negative Capacitance (NC) in ferroelectric materials is proposed in order to address this physical limitation of CMOS technology. A polarization destabilization in ferroelectrics causes an effective negative permittivity, resulting in a differential voltage amplification and a reduced subthreshold swing when integrated into the gate stack of a transistor. The novelty and universality of this approach relate to the fact that the gate stack is not anymore a passive part of the transistor and contributes to signal amplification. In this paper, we experimentally validate NC as a universal performance booster: (i) for complementary MOSFETs, of both n- and p-type in an advanced CMOS technology node, and, (ii) for both digital and analog significant enhancements of key figures of merit for information processing (subthreshold swing, overdrive, and current efficiency factor). Accordingly, a sub-thermal swing down to 10 mV/decade together with an enhanced current efficiency factor up to 105 V−1 is obtained in both n- and p-type MOSFETs at room temperature by exploiting a PZT capacitor as the NC booster. As a result of the subthreshold swing reduction and overdrive improvement observed by NC, the required supply voltage to provide the same on-current is reduced by approximately 50%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeidi
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Farzan Jazaeri
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Igor Stolichnov
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian C Enz
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Cordero E, Bellando F, Zhang J, Wildhaber F, Longo J, Guérin H, Ionescu AM. Three-Dimensional Integrated Ultra-Low-Volume Passive Microfluidics with Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors for Multiparameter Wearable Sweat Analyzers. ACS Nano 2018; 12:12646-12656. [PMID: 30543395 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wearable systems could offer noninvasive and real-time solutions for monitoring of biomarkers in human sweat as an alternative to blood testing. Recent studies have demonstrated that the concentration of certain biomarkers in sweat can be directly correlated to their concentrations in blood, making sweat a trusted biofluid candidate for noninvasive diagnostics. We introduce a fully on-chip integrated wearable sweat sensing system to track biochemical information at the surface of the skin in real time. This system heterogeneously integrates, on a single silicon chip, state-of-the-art ultrathin body (UTB) fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) ISFET sensors with a biocompatible microfluidic interface, to deliver a "lab-on-skin" sensing platform. A full process for the fabrication of this system is proposed in this work and is demonstrated by standard semiconductor fabrication procedures. The system is capable of collecting small volumes of sweat from the skin of a human and posteriorly passively driving the biofluid, by capillary action, to a set of functionalized ISFETs for analysis of pH level and Na+ and K+ concentrations. Drop-casted ion-sensing membranes on different sets of sensors on the same substrate enable multiparameter analysis on the same chip, with small and controlled cross-sensitivities, whereas a miniaturized quasireference electrodes set a stable analyte potential, avoiding the use of a cumbersome external reference electrode. The progress of lab-on-skin technology reported here can lead to autonomous wearable systems enabling real-time continuous monitoring of sweat composition, with applications ranging from medicine to lifestyle behavioral engineering and sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Garcia-Cordero
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Francesco Bellando
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Longo
- Xsensio SA , Innovation Park , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Hoël Guérin
- Xsensio SA , Innovation Park , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | - Adrian M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
- Xsensio SA , Innovation Park , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stolichnov I, Cavalieri M, Colla E, Schenk T, Mittmann T, Mikolajick T, Schroeder U, Ionescu AM. Genuinely Ferroelectric Sub-1-Volt-Switchable Nanodomains in Hf xZr (1- x)O 2 Ultrathin Capacitors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:30514-30521. [PMID: 30105905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The new class of fully silicon-compatible hafnia-based ferroelectrics with high switchable polarization and good endurance and thickness scalability shows a strong promise for new generations of logic and memory devices. Among other factors, their competitiveness depends on the power efficiency that requires reliable low-voltage operation. Here, we show genuine ferroelectric switching in Hf xZr(1- x)O2 (HZO) layers in the application-relevant capacitor geometry, for driving signals as low as 800 mV and coercive voltage below 500 mV. Enhanced piezoresponse force microscopy with sub-picometer sensitivity allowed for probing individual polarization domains under the top electrode and performing a detailed analysis of hysteretic switching. The authentic local piezoelectric loops and domain wall movement under bias attest to the true ferroelectric nature of the detected nanodomains. The systematic analysis of local piezoresponse loop arrays reveals a totally unexpected thickness dependence of the coercive fields in HZO capacitors. The thickness decrease from 10 to 7 nm is associated with a remarkably strong decrease of the coercive field, with about 50% of the capacitor area switched at coercive voltages ≤0.5 V. Our explanation consistent with the experimental data involves a change of mechanism of nuclei-assisted switching when the thickness decreases below 10 nm. The practical implication of this effect is a robust ferroelectric switching under the millivolt-range driving signal, which is not expected for the standard coercive voltage scaling law. These results demonstrate a strong potential for further aggressive thickness reduction of HZO layers for low-power electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tony Schenk
- Namlab gGmbH , Noethnitzer Strasse 64 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mikolajick
- Chair of Nanoelectronic Materials , TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Uwe Schroeder
- Namlab gGmbH , Noethnitzer Strasse 64 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
The tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is regarded as one of the most promising solid-state switches to overcome the power dissipation challenge in ultra-low power integrated circuits. TFETs take advantage of quantum mechanical tunneling hence exploit a different current control mechanism compared to standard MOSFETs. In this review, we describe state-of-the-art development of TFET both in terms of performances and of materials integration and we identify the main remaining technological challenges such as heterojunction defects and oxide/channel interface traps causing trap-assisted-tunneling (TAT). Mesa-structures, planar as well as vertical geometries are examined. Conductance slope analysis on InAs/GaSb nanowire tunnel diodes are reported, these two-terminal measurements can be relevant to investigate the tunneling behavior. A special focus is dedicated to III-V heterostructure TFET, as different groups have recently shown encouraging results achieving the predicted sub-thermionic low-voltage operation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Saeidi A, Jazaeri F, Stolichnov I, Luong GV, Zhao QT, Mantl S, Ionescu AM. Effect of hysteretic and non-hysteretic negative capacitance on tunnel FETs DC performance. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:095202. [PMID: 29373324 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This work experimentally demonstrates that the negative capacitance effect can be used to significantly improve the key figures of merit of tunnel field effect transistor (FET) switches. In the proposed approach, a matching condition is fulfilled between a trained-polycrystalline PZT capacitor and the tunnel FET (TFET) gate capacitance fabricated on a strained silicon-nanowire technology. We report a non-hysteretic switch configuration by combining a homojunction TFET and a negative capacitance effect booster, suitable for logic applications, for which the on-current is increased by a factor of 100, the transconductance by 2 orders of magnitude, and the low swing region is extended. The operation of a hysteretic negative capacitance TFET, when the matching condition for the negative capacitance is fulfilled only in a limited region of operation, is also reported and discussed. In this late case, a limited improvement in the device performance is observed. Overall, the paper demonstrates the main beneficial effects of negative capacitance on TFETs are the overdrive and transconductance amplification, which exactly address the most limiting performances of current TFETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeidi
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic Device Laboratory at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vitale WA, Casu EA, Biswas A, Rosca T, Alper C, Krammer A, Luong GV, Zhao QT, Mantl S, Schüler A, Ionescu AM. A Steep-Slope Transistor Combining Phase-Change and Band-to-Band-Tunneling to Achieve a sub-Unity Body Factor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:355. [PMID: 28336970 PMCID: PMC5428222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Steep-slope transistors allow to scale down the supply voltage and the energy per computed bit of information as compared to conventional field-effect transistors (FETs), due to their sub-60 mV/decade subthreshold swing at room temperature. Currently pursued approaches to achieve such a subthermionic subthreshold swing consist in alternative carrier injection mechanisms, like quantum mechanical band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) in Tunnel FETs or abrupt phase-change in metal-insulator transition (MIT) devices. The strengths of the BTBT and MIT have been combined in a hybrid device architecture called phase-change tunnel FET (PC-TFET), in which the abrupt MIT in vanadium dioxide (VO2) lowers the subthreshold swing of strained-silicon nanowire TFETs. In this work, we demonstrate that the principle underlying the low swing in the PC-TFET relates to a sub-unity body factor achieved by an internal differential gate voltage amplification. We study the effect of temperature on the switching ratio and the swing of the PC-TFET, reporting values as low as 4.0 mV/decade at 25 °C, 7.8 mV/decade at 45 °C. We discuss how the unique characteristics of the PC-TFET open new perspectives, beyond FETs and other steep-slope transistors, for low power electronics, analog circuits and neuromorphic computing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang A Vitale
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Emanuele A Casu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arnab Biswas
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Teodor Rosca
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cem Alper
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Krammer
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gia V Luong
- Peter Grünberg Institut 9 (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Qing-T Zhao
- Peter Grünberg Institut 9 (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Mantl
- Peter Grünberg Institut 9 (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Andreas Schüler
- Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory (NanoLab), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moldovan CF, Vitale WA, Sharma P, Tamagnone M, Mosig JR, Ionescu AM. Graphene Quantum Capacitors for High Frequency Tunable Analog Applications. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4746-4753. [PMID: 27387370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum capacitors (GQC) are demonstrated to be enablers of radio-frequency (RF) functions through voltage-tuning of their capacitance. We show that GQC complements MEMS and MOSFETs in terms of performance for high frequency analog applications and tunability. We propose a CMOS compatible fabrication process and report the first experimental assessment of their performance at microwaves frequencies (up to 10 GHz), demonstrating experimental GQCs in the pF range with a tuning ratio of 1.34:1 within 1.25 V, and Q-factors up to 12 at 1 GHz. The figures of merit of graphene variable capacitors are studied in detail from 150 to 350 K. Furthermore, we describe a systematic, graphene specific approach to optimize their performance and predict the figures of merit achieved if such a methodology is applied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara F Moldovan
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang A Vitale
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Tamagnone
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juan R Mosig
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian M Ionescu
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory and ‡Laboratory of Electromagnetics and Antennas, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rusu A, Saeidi A, Ionescu AM. Condition for the negative capacitance effect in metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor devices. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:115201. [PMID: 26872086 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/115201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a detailed study of the negative capacitance field effect transistor (NCFET). We present the condition for the stabilization of the negative capacitance to achieve the voltage amplification across the active layer. The theory is based on Landau's theory of ferroelectrics combined with the surface potential model in all regimes of operation. We demonstrate the validity of the presented theory on experimental NCFETs using a gate stack made of P(VDF-TrFE) and SiO2. The proposed analytical modeling shows good agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Rusu
- Nanolab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rigante S, Scarbolo P, Wipf M, Stoop RL, Bedner K, Buitrago E, Bazigos A, Bouvet D, Calame M, Schönenberger C, Ionescu AM. Sensing with Advanced Computing Technology: Fin Field-Effect Transistors with High-k Gate Stack on Bulk Silicon. ACS Nano 2015; 9:4872-4881. [PMID: 25817336 DOI: 10.1021/nn5064216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Field-effect transistors (FETs) form an established technology for sensing applications. However, recent advancements and use of high-performance multigate metal-oxide semiconductor FETs (double-gate, FinFET, trigate, gate-all-around) in computing technology, instead of bulk MOSFETs, raise new opportunities and questions about the most suitable device architectures for sensing integrated circuits. In this work, we propose pH and ion sensors exploiting FinFETs fabricated on bulk silicon by a fully CMOS compatible approach, as an alternative to the widely investigated silicon nanowires on silicon-on-insulator substrates. We also provide an analytical insight of the concept of sensitivity for the electronic integration of sensors. N-channel fully depleted FinFETs with critical dimensions on the order of 20 nm and HfO2 as a high-k gate insulator have been developed and characterized, showing excellent electrical properties, subthreshold swing, SS ∼ 70 mV/dec, and on-to-off current ratio, Ion/Ioff ∼ 10(6), at room temperature. The same FinFET architecture is validated as a highly sensitive, stable, and reproducible pH sensor. An intrinsic sensitivity close to the Nernst limit, S = 57 mV/pH, is achieved. The pH response in terms of output current reaches Sout = 60%. Long-term measurements have been performed over 4.5 days with a resulting drift in time δVth/δt = 0.10 mV/h. Finally, we show the capability to reproduce experimental data with an extended three-dimensional commercial finite element analysis simulator, in both dry and wet environments, which is useful for future advanced sensor design and optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rigante
- †Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Scarbolo
- ‡Department of Electrical, Management and Mechanical Engineering, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Mathias Wipf
- §Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph L Stoop
- §Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristine Bedner
- ∥Laboratory for Micro- and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Buitrago
- †Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonios Bazigos
- †Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Bouvet
- †Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Calame
- §Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Adrian M Ionescu
- †Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
We report wafer-level fabrication of resonant-body carbon nanotube (CNT) field-effect transistors (FETs) in a dual-gate configuration. An integration density of >10(6) CNTFETs/cm(2), an assembly yield of >80%, and nanoprecision have been simultaneously obtained. Through combined chemical and thermal treatments, hysteresis-free (in vacuum) suspended-body CNTFETs have been demonstrated. Electrostatic actuation by lateral gate and FET-based readout of mechanical resonance have been achieved at room temperature. Both upward and downward in situ frequency tuning has been experimentally demonstrated in the dual-gate architecture. The minuscule mass, high resonance frequency, and in situ tunability of the resonant CNTFETs offer promising features for applications in radio frequency signal processing and ultrasensitive sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- †Nanoelectronics Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- ‡Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian T Bartsch
- ‡Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Adrian M Ionescu
- ‡Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma P, Bernard LS, Bazigos A, Magrez A, Ionescu AM. Room-temperature negative differential resistance in graphene field effect transistors: experiments and theory. ACS Nano 2015; 9:620-625. [PMID: 25551735 DOI: 10.1021/nn5059437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we demonstrate experimentally and discuss the negative differential resistance (NDR) in dual-gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) at room temperature for various channel lengths, ranging from 200 nm to 5 μm. The GFETs were fabricated using chemically vapor-deposited graphene with a top gate oxide down to 2.5 nm of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT). We originally explain and demonstrate with systematic simulations that the onset of NDR occurs in the unipolar region itself and that the main mechanism behind NDR is associated with the competition between the specific field dependence of carrier density and the drift velocity in GFET. Finally, we show experimentally that NDR behavior can still be obtained with devices of higher EOTs; however, this comes at the cost of requiring higher bias values and achieving lower NDR level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Sharma
- Nanoelectronics Devices Laboratory, ‡Laboratory of Physics of Complex Matter, and §Crystal Growth Facility, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Espinar C, Pulgar R, Roldan C, Ionescu AM, Lucena C. Reliability of kubelka-munk spectral transmittance for resin composite translucency characterization. J Clin Exp Dent 2014. [DOI: 10.4317/jced.17643805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
25
|
Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) offer the potential to revolutionize fundamental methods employed for signal processing in today's telecommunication systems, owing to their spectral purity and the prospect of integration with existing technology. In this work we present a novel, front-end receiver topology based on a single device silicon nanoelectromechanical mixer-filter. The operation is demonstrated by using the signal amplification in a field effect transistor (FET) merged into a tuning fork resonator. The combination of both a transistor and a mechanical element into a hybrid unit enables on-chip functionality and performance previously unachievable in silicon. Signal mixing, filtering and demodulation are experimentally demonstrated at very high frequencies ( > 100 MHz), maintaining a high quality factor of Q = 800 and stable operation at near ambient pressure (0.1 atm) and room temperature (T = 300 K). The results show that, ultimately miniaturized, silicon NEMS can be utilized to realize multi-band, single-chip receiver systems based on NEMS mixer-filter arrays with reduced system complexity and power consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Bartsch
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Bartsch ST, Lovera A, Grogg D, Ionescu AM. Nanomechanical silicon resonators with intrinsic tunable gain and sub-nW power consumption. ACS Nano 2012; 6:256-264. [PMID: 22148851 DOI: 10.1021/nn203517w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) as integrated components for ultrasensitive sensing, time keeping, or radio frequency applications have driven the search for scalable nanomechanical transduction on-chip. Here, we present a hybrid silicon-on-insulator platform for building NEM oscillators in which fin field effect transistors (FinFETs) are integrated into nanomechanical silicon resonators. We demonstrate transistor amplification and signal mixing, coupled with mechanical motion at very high frequencies (25-80 MHz). By operating the transistor in the subthreshold region, the power consumption of resonators can be reduced to record-low nW levels, opening the way for the parallel operation of hundreds of thousands of NEM oscillators. The electromechanical charge modulation due to the field effect in a resonant transistor body constitutes a scalable nanomechanical motion detection all-on-chip and at room temperature. The new class of tunable NEMS represents a major step toward their integration in resonator arrays for applications in sensing and signal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian T Bartsch
- Nanoelectronic Devices Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Arun A, Salet P, Ionescu AM. Carbon nanotube crossed junction by two step dielectrophoresis. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:4919-4922. [PMID: 21770122 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The crossed junction formed between a multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and a bundle of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is investigated. The junction is fabricated by orthogonally assembling the MWCNT and SWCNT by a two-step dielectrophoresis process. The conventional dielectrophoresis method to self-assemble carbon nanotubes has been modified to be able to align single MWCNT and SWCNT at predefined location on a substrate. At room temperature, the junction has an ohmic behavior with junction resistance of about 500 KOmega or a conductance of 0.05 (e2/h). At 77 K, the onset of a Schottky-like behavior was observed. The resulting junction has an extremely tiny area of less than 20 nm2 and yet supports a current density of 10(7) A/cm2 at 1 V. The proposed fabrication technique is a convenient way to fabricate novel prototype devices to investigate material properties and new device architecture. Following further optimization, this cross-junction can be an interesting candidate for cross-bar like interconnects, with potential applications in dense logic and memory circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Arun
- ELB 335, Station 11, Nanolab, EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
We show that thin horizontal arrays of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) suspended above the channel of silicon MOSFETs can be used as vibrating gate electrodes. This new class of nano-electromechanical system (NEMS) combines the unique mechanical and electronic properties of SWNTs with an integrated silicon-based motion detection. Its electrical response exhibits a clear signature of the mechanical resonance of SWNT arrays (120-150 MHz) showing that these thin horizontal arrays behave as a cohesive, rigid and elastic body membrane with a Young's modulus in the order of 1-10 GPa and ultra-low mass. The resonant frequency can be tuned by the gate voltage and its dependence is well understood within the continuum mechanics framework.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arun
- NanoLab, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Pauli EM, Haluck RS, Ionescu AM, Rogers AM, Shope TR, Moyer MT, Biswas A, Mathew A. Directed submucosal tunneling permits in-line endoscope positioning for transgastric natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Surg Endosc 2009; 24:1474-81. [PMID: 20033729 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-009-0760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submucosal dissection is demonstrated to be a technically feasible, safe means of obtaining peroral transgastric peritoneal access for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The authors hypothesized that their previously described self-approximating translumenal access technique (STAT) could be used to create directed gastric submucosal tunnels permitting in-line endoscope positioning with predetermined abdominal locations that might otherwise be difficult to access. METHODS In this study, 14 domestic farm swine underwent peroral transgastric peritoneoscopy. Under direct endoscopic visualization, a submucosal tunnel was created by dissecting between the mucosal and muscular layers of the stomach. Each tunnel was created with one of four intraabdominal locations (right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, lesser sac, and pelvis) as the final target for in-line endoscope positioning. Once peritoneal access had been achieved, in-line positioning was assessed and peritoneoscopy was performed. The submucosal tunnels were closed with endoscopically placed clips. The animals were killed 2 weeks after the procedure, and necropsy was performed. RESULTS Submucosal tunnels were successfully directed at predetermined intraabdominal targets in 12 of the 14 animals. The mean dissection time required to create the tunnel was 51 +/- 32 min. All the transgastric tunnels were successfully closed with endoscopically placed clips (mean, 3.2 +/- 1.1), and at necropsy showed no evidence of gastrotomy leak in any of the animals. One animal experienced a duodenal perforation unrelated to the transgastric tunneling and was killed on postoperative day 2. The remaining animals recovered and gained weight (mean, 5.5 +/- 1.2 kg) in the 2-week survival period. CONCLUSIONS Directed submucosal dissection is technically feasible in a porcine model and permits in-line endoscope positioning with predetermined abdominal target locations. The STAT approach provides safe peritoneal access, allows for a simple reliable endoclip closure, and has an excellent short-term survival rate. This method of achieving transgastric access may be an enabling technique for future NOTES procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Mark Pauli
- Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sidler K, Cvetkovic NV, Savu V, Tsamados D, Ionescu AM, Brugger J. Organic Thin Film Transistors on Flexible Polyimide Substrates Fabricated by Full Wafer Stencil Lithography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
34
|
Pauli EM, Mathew A, Haluck RS, Ionescu AM, Moyer MT, Shope TR, Rogers AM. Technique for transesophageal endoscopic cardiomyotomy (Heller myotomy): video presentation at the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) 2008, Philadelphia, PA. Surg Endosc 2008; 22:2279-80. [PMID: 18622556 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-008-0035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigators have shown the feasibility of performing an esophageal myotomy using natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), but have been unsuccessful at extending the myotomy onto the body of the stomach. METHODS In a nonsurvival porcine model, the authors used the self-approximating translumenal access technique (STAT) to create a submucosal tunnel in the upper esophagus and to extend it onto the body of the stomach allowing a complete cardiomyotomy. RESULTS The STAT approach was successfully used to create a submucosal tunnel and perform a complete myotomy of the gastroesophageal junction without complication. CONCLUSIONS A complete Heller-type cardiomyotomy can be successfully performed using transesophegeal NOTES.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Pauli
- Department of Surgery, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, MC H149, 500 University Drive, Room C3628, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rogers AM, Ionescu AM, Pauli EM, Meier AH, Shope TR, Haluck RS. When Is a Petersen's Hernia Not a Petersen's Hernia. J Am Coll Surg 2008; 207:121-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Ionescu AM, Rogers AM, Pauli EM, Shope TR. An unusual suspect: coconut bezoar after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Obes Surg 2008; 18:756-8. [PMID: 18347881 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-007-9343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nausea and vomiting after gastric bypass are common, but some of the underlying causes may be life threatening or, in some cases, unusual. This case report describes a patient who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and whose postoperative course was complicated by a bezoar in the gastric pouch. To our knowledge, this is the first published report addressing a coconut bezoar in the gastric pouch after gastric bypass surgery. Coconut (cocos nucifera) is known to form emulsions and suspensions, properties likely to have contributed to this patient's condition. Nutritional counseling should be an ongoing process in the postoperative care of gastric bypass patients in an effort to prevent serious complications that may arise from dietary indiscretions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M Ionescu
- Department of Surgery, Section of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PO Box 850, MC H149, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pateder DB, Ferguson CM, Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Rosier RN, Puzas JE, O'Keefe RJ. PTHrP expression in chick sternal chondrocytes is regulated by TGF-beta through Smad-mediated signaling. J Cell Physiol 2001; 188:343-51. [PMID: 11473361 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PTHrP regulates the rate of chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral bone formation. The expression of PTHrP and its regulation by TGF-beta, BMP-2, and PTHrP was examined in upper sternal chondrocytes following 1, 3, and 5 days of continuous treatment. While TGF-beta stimulated the expression of PTHrP (5-fold), PTHrP caused a slight inhibition, and BMP-2 markedly inhibited PTHrP mRNA expression. The effect of these factors on PTHrP expression was not simply related to the maturational state of the cells, since BMP-2 increased, while both PTHrP and TGF-beta decreased the expression of type X collagen. TGF-beta isoforms 1, 2, and 3 all stimulated PTHrP expression. Signaling events involved in the induction of PTHrP by TGF-beta were further evaluated in a PTHrP-promoter CAT construct. The effect of TGF-beta, BMP-2, and PTHrP on the PTHrP-promoter paralleled their effects on mRNA expression, with TGF-beta significantly increasing CAT activity, BMP-2 decreasing CAT activity, and PTHrP having a minimal effect. Co-transfection of the TGF-beta signaling molecule, Smad 3, mimicked the effect of TGF-beta (induction of PTHrP promoter), while dominant negative Smad 3 inhibited the induction of the PTHrP promoter by TGF-beta. Furthermore, infection with a Smad 3-expressing retrovirus mimicked the effects of exogenously added TGF-beta, and induced PTHrP mRNA expression in the infected chondrocyte culture. In contrast, a dominant negative Smad 3 completely inhibited PTHrP promoter stimulation by TGF-beta, but only partially blocked the effect of TGF-beta on PTHrP mRNA synthesis. These findings demonstrate that PTHrP is expressed in chondrocytes undergoing endochondral ossification, and show regulation, at least in part, by TGF-beta through Smad mediated signaling events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Pateder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ionescu AM, Schwarz EM, Vinson C, Puzas JE, Rosier R, Reynolds PR, O'Keefe RJ. PTHrP modulates chondrocyte differentiation through AP-1 and CREB signaling. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:11639-47. [PMID: 11136722 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006564200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of differentiation, chondrocytes integrate a complex array of signals from local or systemic factors like parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog, bone morphogenetic proteins and transforming growth factor beta. While PTHrP is known to be a critical regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, the signaling pathways through which this factor acts remain to be elucidated. Here we show that both cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and AP-1 activation are critical to PTHrP signaling in chondrocytes. PTHrP treatment leads to rapid CREB phosphorylation and activation, while CREB DNA binding activity is constitutive. In contrast, PTHrP induces AP-1 DNA binding activity through induction of c-Fos protein expression. PTHrP activates CRE and TRE reporter constructs primarily through PKA-mediated signaling events. Both signaling pathways were found to be important mediators of PTHrP effects on chondrocyte phenotype. Alone, PTHrP suppresses maturation and stimulates proliferation of the chondrocyte cultures. However, in the presence of dominant negative inhibitors of CREB and c-Fos, these PTHrP effects were suppressed, and chondrocyte maturation was accelerated. Moreover, in combination, the effects of dominant negative c-Fos and CREB are synergistic, suggesting interaction between these signaling pathways during chondrocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Ionescu
- Departments of Biochemistry, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|