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Marvi PK, Ahmed SR, Das P, Ghosh R, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Prunella vulgaris-phytosynthesized platinum nanoparticles: Insights into nanozymatic activity for H 2O 2 and glutamate detection and antioxidant capacity. Talanta 2024; 274:125998. [PMID: 38574541 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Artificial nanozymes (enzyme-mimics), specifically metallic nanomaterials, have garnered significant attention recently due to their reduced preparation cost and enhanced stability in a wide range of environments. The present investigation highlights, for the first time, a straightforward green synthesis of biogenic platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) from a natural resource, namely Prunella vulgaris (Pr). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the phytochemical extract as an effective reducing agent, the PtNPs were characterized by various techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, High-resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), zeta-potential analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The formation of PtNPs with narrow size distribution was verified. Surface decoration of PtNPs was demonstrated with multitudinous functional groups springing from the herbal extract. To demonstrate their use as viable nanozymes, the peroxidase-like activity of Pr/PtNPs was evaluated through a colorimetric assay. Highly sensitive visual detection of H2O2 with discrete linear ranges and a low detection limit of 3.43 μM was demonstrated. Additionally, peroxidase-like catalytic activity was leveraged to develop a colorimetric platform to quantify glutamate biomarker levels with a high degree of selectivity, the limit of detection (LOD) being 7.00 μM. The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was used to explore the scavenging nature of the PtNPs via the degradation of DPPH. Overall, the colorimetric assay developed using the Pr/PtNP nanozymes in this work could be used in a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from biomedicine and food science to environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Khoshbakht Marvi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Raja Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada; School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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Lu Y, Cao Y, Tang X, Hu N, Wang Z, Xu P, Hua Z, Wang Y, Su Y, Guo Y. Deep learning-assisted mass spectrometry imaging for preliminary screening and pre-classification of psychoactive substances. Talanta 2024; 272:125757. [PMID: 38368831 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Currently, it is of great urgency to develop a rapid pre-classification and screening method for suspected drugs as the constantly springing up of new psychoactive substances. In most researches, psychoactive substances classification approaches depended on the similar chemical structures and pharmacological action with known drugs. Such approaches could not face the complicated circumstance of emerging new psychoactive substances. Herein, mass spectrometry imaging and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were used for preliminary screening and pre-classification of suspected psychoactive substances. Mass spectrometry imaging was performed simultaneously on two brain slices as one was from blank group and another one was from psychoactive substance-induced group. Then, fused neurotransmitter variation mass spectrometry images (Nv-MSIs) reflecting the difference of neurotransmitters between two slices were achieved through two homemade programs. A CNN model was developed to classify the Nv-MSIs. Compared with traditional classification methods, CNN achieved better estimation accuracy and required minimal data preprocessing. Also, the specific region on Nv-MSIs and weight of each neurotransmitter that affected the classification most could be unraveled by CNN. Finally, the method was successfully applied to assist the identification of a new psychoactive substance seized recently. This sample was identified as cannabinoids, which greatly promoted the screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuqi Cao
- Technical Centre, Shanghai Tobacco (Group) Corp., Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Xiaohang Tang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Na Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhengyong Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhendong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Monitoring and Control, Drug Intelligence and Forensic Center, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Su
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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3
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Wei Y, Yang L, Ye Y, Liao L, Dai H, Wei Z, Lin Y, Zheng C. A simple aptamer-dye fluorescence sensor for detecting Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and its metabolite in urban sewage. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5205-5208. [PMID: 38652014 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00824c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This work developed an aptamer-dye complex as a label-free ratiometric fluorescence sensor for rapid analysis of THC and its metabolite in sewage samples. Integrated with a portable fluorescence capture device, this sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity with visualization of as low as 0.6 μM THC via naked-eye observation, and THC analysis can be accomplished within 4 min, which would be a complementary tool for quantifying THC in sewage samples to estimate cannabis consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Yi Ye
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Linchuan Liao
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Hao Dai
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Zeliang Wei
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yao Lin
- West China School of Basic Medical Science & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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4
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Xu Z, Lv T, Wang L, Li M, Chen X, Liu B, Peng X. Ratiometric determination of etomidate based on an albumin-based indicator displacement assay (IDA). Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4691-4694. [PMID: 38592772 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The first fluorescent sensor based on the indicator displacement assay (IDA) for on-site determination of etomidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Zhao
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Yanan Guo
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyong Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Taoyuze Lv
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Mingle Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- College of Material Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China.
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5
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Shellaiah M, Sun KW, Thirumalaivasan N, Bhushan M, Murugan A. Sensing Utilities of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites and Composites: A Comprehensive Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2504. [PMID: 38676122 PMCID: PMC11054776 DOI: 10.3390/s24082504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the utilization of metal halide perovskites in sensing and their application in environmental studies have reached a new height. Among the different metal halide perovskites, cesium lead halide perovskites (CsPbX3; X = Cl, Br, and I) and composites have attracted great interest in sensing applications owing to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Most CsPbX3 nanostructures and composites possess great structural stability, luminescence, and electrical properties for developing distinct optical and photonic devices. When exposed to light, heat, and water, CsPbX3 and composites can display stable sensing utilities. Many CsPbX3 and composites have been reported as probes in the detection of diverse analytes, such as metal ions, anions, important chemical species, humidity, temperature, radiation photodetection, and so forth. So far, the sensing studies of metal halide perovskites covering all metallic and organic-inorganic perovskites have already been reviewed in many studies. Nevertheless, a detailed review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites could be helpful for researchers who are looking for innovative designs using these nanomaterials. Herein, we deliver a thorough review of the sensing utilities of CsPbX3 and composites, in the quantitation of metal ions, anions, chemicals, explosives, bioanalytes, pesticides, fungicides, cellular imaging, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), toxic gases, humidity, temperature, radiation, and photodetection. Furthermore, this review also covers the synthetic pathways, design requirements, advantages, limitations, and future directions for this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthaiah Shellaiah
- Department of Research and Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Kien Wen Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Mayank Bhushan
- Department of Research and Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; (M.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Arumugam Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science & Technology, Nirjuli, Itanagar 791109, India;
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Lee T, Park J, Oh SH, Cheong DY, Roh S, You JH, Hong Y, Lee G. Glucose Oxidase Activity Colorimetric Assay Using Redox-Sensitive Electrochromic Nanoparticle-Functionalized Paper Sensors. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15493-15501. [PMID: 38585131 PMCID: PMC10993408 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) activity assays are vital for various applications, including glucose metabolism estimation and fungal testing. However, conventional methods involve time-consuming and complex procedures. In this study, we present a colorimetric platform for in situ GOx activity measurement utilizing redox-sensitive electrochromic nanoparticles based on polyaniline (PAni). The glucose-adsorbed colorimetric paper sensor, herein termed Glu@CPS, is created by immobilizing ferrocene and glucose onto paper substrates that have been functionalized with PAni nanoparticles. Glu@CPS not only demonstrated rapid detection (within 5 min) but also exhibited remarkable selectivity for GOx and a limit of detection as low as 1.25 μM. Moreover, Glu@CPS demonstrated consistent accuracy in the measurement of GOx activity, exhibiting no deviations even after being stored at ambient temperature for a duration of one month. To further corroborate the effectiveness of this method, we applied Glu@CPS in the detection of GOx activity in a moldy red wine. The results highlight the promising potential of Glu@CPS as a convenient and precise platform for GOx activity measurement in diverse applications including food quality control, environmental monitoring, and early detection of fungal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeha Lee
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Park
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Oh
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Da Yeon Cheong
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Seokbeom Roh
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun You
- Division
of Convergence Business, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Yoochan Hong
- Department
of Medical Device, Korea Institute of Machinery
and Materials (KIMM), Daegu 42994, South Korea
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department
of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea
University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
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7
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Balamurugan TST, Stelmaszczyk P, Wietecha-Posłuszny R, Poltorak L. Electroanalytical characterization of clozapine at the electrified liquid-liquid interface and its detection in soft and hard drinks. Analyst 2024; 149:2073-2083. [PMID: 38415352 DOI: 10.1039/d3an02188b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Clozapine (CZ) is a prescribed benzodiazepine psychiatric drug that is often possessed as an illicit drug and is associated with drug-facilitated sexual assaults (DFSA) due to its strong sedative capabilities. Hence, we propose an electrified liquid-liquid interface (eLLI) based transducing element as an alternative electroanalytical platform for rapid screening of CZ in soft and hard drinks which is habitually associated with DFSA crimes. First, molecular partitioning and the effect of chemical composition, pH, and the presence of ethanol in the biphasic configuration of the aqueous phase on the interfacial behaviour and analytical performance of the CZ at the eLLI have been investigated with voltammetry. Next, the electrochemical profiles of various soft and hard drinks were studied at the eLLI. The eLLI-based CZ sensor has shown a broad dynamic range (15-150 μM), lower detection limits (1μM), and adequate reliability towards rapid CZ screening in spiked soft and hard drink samples with reference to the standard chromatographic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaraj S T Balamurugan
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Stelmaszczyk
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wietecha-Posłuszny
- Laboratory for Forensic Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Electrochemistry@Soft Interfaces Team, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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8
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Usman M, Baig Y, Nardiello D, Quinto M. How new nanotechnologies are changing the opioid analysis scenery? A comparison with classical analytical methods. Forensic Sci Res 2024; 9:owae001. [PMID: 38560581 PMCID: PMC10981550 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, raw opium, and morphine have become a serious threat to the world population in the recent past, due to their increasing use and abuse. The detection of these drugs in biological samples is usually carried out by spectroscopic and/or chromatographic techniques, but the need for quick, sensitive, selective, and low-cost new analytical tools has pushed the development of new methods based on selective nanosensors, able to meet these requirements. Modern sensors, which utilize "next-generation" technologies like nanotechnology, have revolutionized drug detection methods, due to easiness of use, their low cost, and their high sensitivity and reliability, allowing the detection of opioids at trace levels in raw, pharmaceutical, and biological samples (e.g. blood, urine, saliva, and other biological fluids). The peculiar characteristics of these sensors not only have allowed on-site analyses (in the field, at the crime scene, etc.) but also they are nowadays replacing the gold standard analytical methods in the laboratory, even if a proper method validation is still required. This paper reviews advances in the field of nanotechnology and nanosensors for the detection of commonly abused opioids both prescribed (i.e. codeine and morphine) and illegal narcotics (i.e. heroin and fentanyl analogues).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- Narcotic Unit, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Home Department, Government of The Punjab, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Yawar Baig
- Narcotic Unit, Punjab Forensic Science Agency, Home Department, Government of The Punjab, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
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Clément P, Schlage WK, Hoeng J. Recent advances in the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in biofluids: a systematic review. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:9. [PMID: 38414071 PMCID: PMC10898188 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-024-00216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary components driving the current commercial fascination with cannabis products are phytocannabinoids, a diverse group of over 100 lipophilic secondary metabolites derived from the cannabis plant. Although numerous phytocannabinoids exhibit pharmacological effects, the foremost attention has been directed towards Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol, the two most abundant phytocannabinoids, for their potential human applications. Despite their structural similarity, THC and cannabidiol diverge in terms of their psychotropic effects, with THC inducing notable psychological alterations. There is a clear need for accurate and rapid THC measurement methods that offer dependable, readily accessible, and cost-effective analytical information. This review presents a comprehensive view of the present state of alternative technologies that could potentially facilitate the creation of portable devices suitable for on-site usage or as personal monitors, enabling non-intrusive THC measurements. METHOD A literature survey from 2017 to 2023 on the development of portable technologies and commercial products to detect THC in biofluids was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A systematic review of available literature was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic. Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS Eighty-nine studies met the selection criteria. Fifty-seven peer-reviewed studies were related to the detection of THC by conventional separation techniques used in analytical laboratories that are still considered the gold standard. Studies using optical (n = 12) and electrochemical (n = 13) portable sensors and biosensors were also identified as well as commercially available devices (n = 7). DISCUSSION The landscape of THC detection technology is predominantly shaped by immunoassay tests, owing to their established reliability. However, these methods have distinct drawbacks, particularly for quantitative analysis. Electrochemical sensing technology holds great potential to overcome the challenges of quantification and present a multitude of advantages, encompassing the possibility of miniaturization and diverse modifications to amplify sensitivity and selectivity. Nevertheless, these sensors have considerable limitations, including non-specific interactions and the potential interference of compounds and substances existing in biofluids. CONCLUSION The foremost challenge in THC detection involves creating electrochemical sensors that are both stable and long-lasting while exhibiting exceptional selectivity, minimal non-specific interactions, and decreased susceptibility to matrix interferences. These aspects need to be resolved before these sensors can be successfully introduced to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Clément
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique Et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Rue Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Walter K Schlage
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Strasse 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Biology Consultant, Max-Baermann-Strasse 21, 51429, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
- Vectura Fertin Pharma, C/O Jagotec AG, Messeplatz 10, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Alsulami T, Alzahrani A. Enhanced Nanozymatic Activity on Rough Surfaces for H 2O 2 and Tetracycline Detection. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38392024 PMCID: PMC10886513 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The needless use of tetracyclines (TCs) in foodstuffs is a huge health concern in low- and middle-income and Arab countries. Herein, a sensitive and faster monitoring system for H2O2 and TCs is proposed, utilizing the large surface-to-volume ratio of a non-spherical gold nanoparticle/black phosphorus nanocomposite (BP-nsAu NPs) for the first time. BP-nsAu NPs were synthesized through a single-step method that presented nanozymatic activity through 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation while H2O2 was present and obeyed the Michaelis-Menten equation. The nanozymatic activity of the BP-nsAu NPs was enhanced 12-fold and their detection time was decreased 83-fold compared to conventional nanozymatic reactions. The proposed method enabled us to quantify H2O2 with a limit of detection (LOD) value of 60 nM. Moreover, target-specific aptamer-conjugated BP-nsAu NPs helped us detect TCs with an LOD value of 90 nM. The present strategy provides a proficient route for low-level TC monitoring in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Ahmed SR, Sherazee M, Das P, Shalauddin M, Akhter S, Basirun WJ, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Electrochemical assisted enhanced nanozymatic activity of functionalized borophene for H 2O 2 and tetracycline detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115857. [PMID: 38029708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study unveils the electrochemically-enhanced nanozymatic activity exhibited by borophene during the reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2. Herein, the surface of the pristine borophene was first modified with the addition of thiocyanate groups to improve hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activity. Then, the oxidation reaction of TMB was accelerated under applied electrochemical potential. Both factors significantly improved the detection limit and drastically decreased the detection time. DPPH testing revealed that the radical scavenging nature of borophene was more than 70%, boosting its catalytic activity. In the presence of H2O2, borophene catalyzed the oxidation of TMB and produced a blue-colored solution that was linearly correlated with the concentration of H2O2 and allowed for the detection of H2O2 up to 38 nM. The present finding was further extended to nanozymatic detection of tetracyclines (TCs) using a target-specific aptamer, and the results were colorimetrically quantifiable up to 1 μM with a LOD value of 150 nM. Moreover, transferring the principles of the discussed detection method to form a portable and disposable paper-based system enabled the quantification of TCs up to 0.2 μM. All the sensing experiments in this study indicate that the nanozymatic activity of borophene has significantly improved under electrochemical potential compared to conventional nanozyme-based colorimetric detection. Hence, the present discovery of electrochemically-enhanced nanozymatic activity would be promising for various sensitive and time-dependent colorimetric sensor development initiatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7.
| | - Masoomeh Sherazee
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
| | - Poushali Das
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Md Shalauddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamima Akhter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Jefrey Basirun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7.
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12
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Goryński K, Sobczak Ł, Kołodziej D. Developing and Evaluating the Greenness of a Reliable, All-in-One Thin-Film Microextraction Protocol for Determining Fentanyl, Methadone, and Zolpidem in Plasma, Urine, and Oral Fluid. Molecules 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38257248 PMCID: PMC10818652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes an all-in-one microextraction-based protocol capable of determining and quantifying fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem in plasma, urine, and saliva at concentrations below those required by international regulatory organizations. A homemade thin-film microextraction device featuring an octyl-cyanopropyl stationary phase was coupled with LC-MS/MS. The proposed method was developed and validated according to FDA criteria, providing extraction efficiency values ranging from 26.7% to 76.2% with no significant matrix effects (2.6% to 15.5% signal suppression). The developed protocol provided low limits of quantification (mostly equal to 1 ng mL-1) and good reproducibility (intra- and inter-day RSDs of less than 9.6% and 12.0%, respectively) and accuracy (89% to 104% of the test concentration). An assessment of the protocol's environmental impact indicated that attention must be devoted to eliminating the use of toxic reagents and developing its capability for in situ sampling and in-field analysis using portable instruments. The proposed TFME-based protocol provides clinical laboratories with a versatile, one-step tool that enables the simultaneous monitoring of fentanyl, methadone, and zolpidem using the most popular biological matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Goryński
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sobczak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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13
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Van Echelpoel R, Joosten F, Parrilla M, De Wael K. Progress on the Electrochemical Sensing of Illicit Drugs. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:413-442. [PMID: 38273206 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Illicit drugs are harmful substances, threatening both health and safety of societies in all corners of the world. Several policies have been developed over time to deal with this illicit drug problem, including supply reduction and harm reduction policies. Both policies require on-site detection tools to succeed, i.e. sensors that can identify illicit drugs in samples at the point-of-care. Electrochemical sensors are highly suited for this task, due to their short analysis times, low cost, high accuracy, portability and orthogonality with current technologies. In this chapter, we evaluate the latest trend in electrochemical sensing of illicit drugs, with a focus on detection of illicit drugs in seizures and body fluids. Furthermore, we will also provide an outlook on the potential of electrochemistry in wearable sensors for this purpose.
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14
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Takahashi F, Shimosaka Y, Mori S, Kaneko M, Harayama Y, Kobayashi K, Shoji T, Seto Y, Tatsumi H, Jin J. Development of a Potential-Modulated Electrochemiluminescence Measurement System for Selective and Sensitive Determination of the Controlled Drug Codeine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2024; 72:271-279. [PMID: 38432909 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Codeine is a common analgesic drug that is a pro-drug of morphine. It also has a high risk of abuse as a recreational drug because of its extensive distribution as an OTC drug. Therefore, sensitive and selective screening methods for codeine are crucial in forensic analytical chemistry. To date, a commercial analytical kit has not been developed for dedicated codeine determination, and there is a need for an analytical method to quantify codeine in the field. In the present work, potential modulation was combined with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for sensitive determination of codeine. The potential modulated technique involved applying a signal to electrodes by superimposing an AC potential on the DC potential. When tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+) was used as an ECL emitter, ECL activity was confirmed for codeine. A detailed investigation of the electrochemical reaction mechanism suggested a characteristic ECL reaction mechanism involving electrochemical oxidation of the opioid framework. Besides the usual ECL reaction derived from the amine framework, selective detection of codeine was possible under the measurement conditions, with clear luminescence observed in an acidic solution. The sensitivity of codeine detection by potential modulated-ECL was one order of magnitude higher than that obtained with the conventional potential sweep method. The proposed method was applied to codeine determination in actual prescription medications and OTC drug samples. Codeine was selectively determined from other compounds in medications and showed good linearity with a low detection limit (150 ng mL-1).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuki Shimosaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Shuki Mori
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Mayu Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
| | - Yuta Harayama
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Kanya Kobayashi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Taku Shoji
- Department of Chemical Biology and Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Nihon University
| | | | | | - Jiye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University
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15
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Beduk D, Beduk T, de Oliveira Filho JI, Ait Lahcen A, Aldemir E, Guler Celik E, Salama KN, Timur S. Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37247-37258. [PMID: 37499237 PMCID: PMC10416146 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespread and is linked to problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness, affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressants to suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reason for drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicit-drug detection have gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment, long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, and reliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity. In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platform with one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes was developed for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine (AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in saliva samples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-made potentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphone integration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display, and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex LSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detection with a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform. Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP, COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL-500 ng/mL. The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mL for AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET (methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinical study. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytes in real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection device serves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventional drug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in one portable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Beduk
- Central
Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Silicon
Austria Labs (SAL) GmbH, Europastraße 12, 9500 Villach, Austria
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Ilton de Oliveira Filho
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdellatif Ait Lahcen
- Department
of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Dalio
Institute for Cardiovascular Imaging, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Ebru Aldemir
- Department
of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir
Tinaztepe University, 35400 Buca, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emine Guler Celik
- Department
of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Khaled Nabil Salama
- Sensors
Lab, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Computer, Electrical,
and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suna Timur
- Central
Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege
University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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16
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Chen M, Burn PL, Shaw PE. Luminescence-based detection and identification of illicit drugs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13244-13259. [PMID: 37144605 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing is capable of being used for the sensitive, rapid, and in some cases selective detection of chemicals. Furthermore, the method is amenable to incorporation into handheld low-power portable detectors that can be used in the field. Luminescence-based detectors are now commercially available for explosive detection with the technology built on a strong foundation of science. In contrast, there are fewer examples of luminescence-based detection of illicit drugs, despite the pervasive and global challenge of combating their manufacture, distribution and consumption and the need for handheld detection systems. This perspective describes the relatively nascent steps that have been reported in the use of luminescent materials for the detection of illicit drugs. Much of the published work has focused on detection of illicit drugs in solution with less work on vapour detection using thin luminescent sensing films. The latter are better suited for handheld sensing devices and detection in the field. Illicit drug detection has been achieved via different mechanisms, all of which change the luminescence of the sensing material. These include photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) leading to quenching of the luminescence, disruption of Förster energy transfer between different chromophores by a drug, and chemical reaction between the sensing material and a drug. The most promising of these is PHT, which can be used for rapid and reversible detection of illicit drugs in solution and film-based sensing of drugs in the vapour phase. However, there are still significant knowledge gaps, for example, how vapours of illicit drugs interact with the sensing films, and how to achieve selectivity for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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17
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Gomez Cardoso A, Rahin Ahmed S, Keshavarz-Motamed Z, Srinivasan S, Reza Rajabzadeh A. Recent advancements of nanomodified electrodes - Towards point-of-care detection of cardiac biomarkers. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 152:108440. [PMID: 37060706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of deaths from cardiovascular diseases has become a substantial concern in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Rapid and on-site monitoring of this disease is urgently important to control, prevent and make awareness of public health. Recently, a lot of focus has been placed on nanomaterials and modify these nanomaterials have been explored to detect cardiac biomarkers. By implementing biosensors that are modified with novel recognition elements and more stable nanomaterials, the use of electrochemistry for point-of-care devices is more realistic every day. This review focuses on the current state of nanomaterials conjugated biorecognition elements (enzyme integrated with nanomaterials, antibody conjugated nanomaterials and aptamer conjugated nanomaterials) for electrochemical cardiovascular disease detection. Specifically, a lot of attention has been given to the trends toward more stable biosensors that have increased the potential to be used as point-of-care devices for the detection of cardiac biomarkers due to their high stability and specificity. Moreover, the recent progress on biomolecule-free electrochemical nanosensors for cardiovascular disease detection has been considered. At last, the possibility and drawbacks of some of these techniques for point-of-care cardiac device development in the future have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gomez Cardoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Zahra Keshavarz-Motamed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada; W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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18
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Pazuki D, Ghosh R, Howlader MMR. Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Δ 9-THC and CBD Sensors for Chronic Pain. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:384. [PMID: 36979596 PMCID: PMC10046734 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is now included in the designation of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, which can impair quality of life and are major causes of death and disability worldwide. Pain can be treated using cannabinoids such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) due to their wide range of therapeutic benefits, particularly as sedatives, analgesics, neuroprotective agents, or anti-cancer medicines. While little is known about the pharmacokinetics of these compounds, there is increasing interest in the scientific understanding of the benefits and clinical applications of cannabinoids. In this review, we study the use of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing for detecting Δ9-THC and CBD. We investigate how nanomaterials can be functionalized to obtain highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensors for detecting Δ9-THC and CBD. Additionally, we discuss the impacts of sensor pretreatment at fixed potentials and physiochemical parameters of the sensing medium, such as pH, on the electrochemical performance of Δ9-THC and CBD sensors. We believe this review will serve as a guideline for developing Δ9-THC and CBD electrochemical sensors for point-of-care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dadbeh Pazuki
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4LS, Canada;
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
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19
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Cardoso AG, Viltres H, Ortega GA, Phung V, Grewal R, Mozaffari H, Ahmed SR, Rajabzadeh AR, Srinivasan S. Electrochemical sensing of analytes in saliva: Challenges, progress, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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20
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Ultrasensitive and rapid detection of methamphetamine in forensic biological fluids using fluorescent apta-nanobiosensors based on CdTe quantum dots. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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21
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Ma T, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Xu X, Xiong Y, Ying Y, Fu Y. Recent advances in determination applications of emerging films based on nanomaterials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102828. [PMID: 36587470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and facile detection of analytes is crucial in various fields such as agriculture production, food safety, clinical diagnosis and therapy, and environmental monitoring. However, the synergy of complicated sample pretreatment and detection is an urgent challenge. By integrating the inherent porosity, processability and flexibility of films and the diversified merits of nanomaterials, nanomaterial-based films have evolved as preferred candidates to meet the above challenge. Recent years have witnessed the flourishment of films-based detection technologies due to their unique porous structures and integrated physical/chemical merits, which favors the separation/collection and detection of analytes in a rapid, efficient and facile way. In particular, films based on nanomaterials consisting of 0D metal-organic framework particles, 1D nanofibers and carbon nanotubes, and 2D graphene and analogs have drawn increasing attention due to incorporating new properties from nanomaterials. This paper summarizes the progress of the fabrication of emerging films based on nanomaterials and their detection applications in recent five years, focusing on typical electrochemical and optical methods. Some new interesting applications, such as point-of-care testing, wearable devices and detection chips, are proposed and emphasized. This review will provide insights into the integration and processability of films based on nanomaterials, thus stimulate further contributions towards films based on nanomaterials for high-performance analytical-chemistry-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ma
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingchun Fu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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22
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González-Hernández J, Moya-Alvarado G, Alvarado-Gámez AL, Urcuyo R, Barquero-Quirós M, Arcos-Martínez MJ. Electrochemical biosensor for quantitative determination of fentanyl based on immobilized cytochrome c on multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified screen-printed carbon electrodes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:483. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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23
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Evtugyn GA, Porfireva AV, Belyakova SV. Electrochemical DNA sensors for drug determination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115058. [PMID: 36179503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent achievements in the development of the DNA biosensors developed for the drug determination have been presented with particular emphasis to the main principles of their assembling and signal measurement approaches. The design of the DNA sensors is considered with characterization of auxiliary components and their necessity for the biosensor operation. Carbon nanomaterials, metals and their complexes as well as electropolymerized polymers are briefly described in the assembly of DNA sensors. The performance of the DNA sensors is summarized within 2017-2022 for various drugs and factors influencing the sensitivity and selectivity of the response are discussed. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of the signal generation and possible drawbacks in the analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation; Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemical Technology Institute of Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - A V Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - S V Belyakova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
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24
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Vannoy KJ, Krushinski LE, Kong EF, Dick JE. Reagentless Voltammetric Identification of Cocaine from Complex Powders. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12638-12644. [PMID: 36066582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine is one of the most commonly trafficked and abused drugs in the United States, and deployable field tests are important for rapid identification in nonlaboratory settings. At present, colorimetric tests exist for in-field determination, but these fundamentally suffer from interferent effects. Cocaine is an organic salt that is readily water soluble as a cation and almost insoluble in the deprotonated neutral form. Here, we take advantage of the electrochemical window of water to increase the pH at the electrode surface by driving water reduction, effectively electroprecipitating the cocaine base. The precipitate on the electrode surface is then electrochemically oxidized by a voltammetric sweep through sufficiently positive potentials. We demonstrate excellent selectivity to cocaine compared to common adulterants, such as procaine, lidocaine, benzocaine, caffeine, and levamisole. Finally, we detect cocaine on a carbon fiber microelectrode, demonstrating miniaturizability and allowing access to low-resistance media (e.g., tap water).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Edgar F Kong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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25
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Razlansari M, Ulucan-Karnak F, Kahrizi M, Mirinejad S, Sargazi S, Mishra S, Rahdar A, Díez-Pascual AM. Nanobiosensors for detection of opioids: A review of latest advancements. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:79-94. [PMID: 36067954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are generally used as analgesics in pain treatment. Like many drugs, they have side effects when overdosing and causeaddiction problems.Illegal drug use and misuse are becoming a major concern for authorities worldwide; thus, it is critical to have precise procedures for detecting them in confiscated samples, biological fluids, and wastewaters. Routine blood and urine tests are insufficient for highly selective determinations and can cause cross-reactivities. For this purpose, nanomaterial-based biosensors are great tools to determine opioid intakes, continuously monitoring the drugs with high sensitivity and selectivity even at very low sample volumes.Nanobiosensors generally comprise a signal transducer nanostructure in which a biological recognition molecule is immobilized onto its surface. Lately, nanobiosensors have been extensively utilized for the molecular detection of opioids. The usage of novel nanomaterials in biosensing has impressed biosensing studies. Nanomaterials with a large surface area have been used to develop nanobiosensors with shorter reaction times and higher sensitivity than conventional biosensors. Colorimetric and fluorescence sensing methods are two kinds of optical sensor systems based on nanomaterials. Noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), such as silver and gold, are the most frequently applied nanomaterials in colorimetric techniques, owing to their unique optical feature of surface plasmon resonance. Despite the progress of an extensive spectrum of nanobiosensors over the last two decades, the future purpose of low-cost, high-throughput, multiplexed clinical diagnostic lab-on-a-chip instruments has yet to be fulfilled. In this review, a concise overview of opioids (such as tramadol and buprenorphine, oxycodone and fentanyl, methadone and morphine) is provided as well as information on their classification, mechanism of action, routine tests, and new opioid sensing technologies based on various NPs. In order to highlight the trend of nanostructure development in biosensor applications for opioids, recent literature examples with the nanomaterial type, target molecules, and limits of detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Razlansari
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey.
| | | | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran.
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan 98167-43463, Iran.
| | - Sachin Mishra
- NDAC Centre, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, South Korea; RFIC Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01897, South Korea.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P.O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| | - Ana M Díez-Pascual
- Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química Analítica, Química Física e Ingeniería Química, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33.6, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Baig MS, Haque MA, Konatham TKR, Mohammad BD, Yahya BA, Saffiruddin SS, Siddiqui FA, Khan SL. Recent advancements on hyperthermia driven controlled drug delivery from nanotherapeutics. RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:RADDF-EPUB-126101. [PMID: 36056855 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220902091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Previous reviews of the works on magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia induced treatment concentrated mostly on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) employing monometallic/metal oxide nanocomposites. In the literature, the word "hyperthermia" was also limited to the use of heat for medicinal purposes. A number of publications have recently been published demonstrating that magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia may produce restricted high temperatures, resulting in the release of medicines that are either connected to the magnetic nanoparticles or encased in polymer matrices. In this debate, we propose broadening the concept of "hyperthermia" to encompass temperature-based treatment as well as magnetically controlled medication delivery. The review also addresses core-shell magnetic nanomaterials, particularly nanoshells made by stacked assembly, for the use of hyperthermia-based treatment and precise administration of drugs. The primary objective of this review article is to demonstrate how the combination of hyperthermia-induced therapy and 'on demand' drug release models may lead to effective applications in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Shahed Baig
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India-431001
| | - M Akiful Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, India-500088
| | - Teja Kumar Reddy Konatham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, India-500088
| | - Badrud Duza Mohammad
- G. R. T. Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, GRT Mahalakshmi Nagar, Tiruttani, Tamil Nadu, India-631209
| | | | | | - Falak A Siddiqui
- MUP\'s College of Pharmacy (B Pharm), Degaon, Risod, Washim, Maharashtra, India-444504
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- MUP\'s College of Pharmacy (B Pharm), Degaon, Risod, Washim, Maharashtra, India-444504
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27
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Detection of 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine in Urine by Magnetically Improved Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensing Strategy. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090711. [PMID: 36140096 PMCID: PMC9496583 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of illicit drugs has become a major issue of global concern. As a synthetic amphetamine analog, 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine (MDA) causes serotonergic neurotoxicity, posing a serious risk to human health. In this work, a two-dimensional substrate of ITO/Au is fabricated by transferring Au nanoparticle film onto indium–tin oxide glass (ITO). By magnetic inducing assembly of Fe3O4@Au onto ITO/Au, a sandwich-based, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection strategy is designed. Through the use of an external magnet, the MDA is retained in the region of hot spots formed between Fe3O4@Au and ITO/Au; as a result, the SERS sensitivity for MDA is superior compared to other methods, lowering the limit of detection (LOD) to 0.0685 ng/mL and attaining a corresponding linear dynamic detection range of 5–105 ng/mL. As an actual application, this magnetically improved SERS sensing strategy is successfully applied to distinguish MDA in urine at trace level, which is beneficial to clinical and forensic monitors.
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28
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Harpaz D, Bernstein N, Namdar D, Eltzov E. Portable biosensors for rapid on-site determination of cannabinoids in cannabis, a review. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108031. [PMID: 36058440 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies highlight the therapeutic virtues of cannabidiol (CBD). Furthermore, due to their molecular enriched profiles, cannabis inflorescences are biologically superior to a single cannabinoid for the treatment of various health conditions. Thus, there is flourishing demand for Cannabis sativa varieties containing high levels of CBD. Additionally, legal regulations around the world restrict the cultivation and consumption of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-rich cannabis plants for their psychotropic effects. Therefore, the use of cannabis varieties that are high in CBD is permitted as long as their THC content does not exceed a low threshold of 0.3%-0.5%, depending on the jurisdiction. These chemovars are legally termed 'hemp'. This controlled cannabinoid requirement highlights the need to detect low levels of THC, already in the field. In this review, cannabis profiling and the existing methods used for the detection of cannabinoids are firstly evaluated. Then, selected valuable biosensor technologies are discussed, which suggest portable, rapid, sensitive, reproducible, and reliable methods for on-site identification of cannabinoids levels, mainly THC. Recent cutting-edge techniques of promising potential usage for both cannabis and hemp analysis are identified, as part of the future cultivation and agricultural improvement of this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorin Harpaz
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Nirit Bernstein
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, POBox 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Dvora Namdar
- Institute of Soil Water and Environmental Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, POBox 6, Bet-Dagan 50250, Israel.
| | - Evgeni Eltzov
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Department of Postharvest Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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29
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Shan X, Cao C, Yang B. Analytical Approaches for the Determination of Buprenorphine, Methadone and Their Metabolites in Biological Matrices. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165211. [PMID: 36014451 PMCID: PMC9415157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abuse of buprenorphine and methadone has grown into a rising worldwide issue. After their consumption, buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites can be found in the human organism. Due to the difficulty in the assessment of these compounds by routine drug screening, the importance of developing highly sensitive analytical approaches is undeniable. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry is the preferable technique for the determination of buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites in biological matrices including urine, plasma, nails or oral fluids. This research aims to review a critical discussion of the latest trends for the monitoring of buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites in various biological specimens.
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30
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Hu R, Yan Y, Jiang L, Huang C, Shen X. Determination of total cathinones with a single molecularly imprinted fluorescent sensor assisted by electromembrane microextraction. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:324. [PMID: 35939150 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An electromembrane microextraction (EME)-assisted fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensing method is presented for detecting the total cathinone drugs in urine samples. In this detection system, the clean-up ability of EME eliminated the matrix effects on both target binding with MIPs and the luminescence of the fluorophore in the sensor. Moreover, by optimizing the extraction conditions of EME, different cathinone drugs with a same concentration show a same response on the single aggregation induced emission (AIE) based MIP (AIE-MIP) sensor (λex = 360 nm, λem = 467 nm). The recoveries were 57.9% for cathinone (CAT) and 78.2% for methcathinone (MCAT). The EME-assisted "light-up" AIE-MIP sensing method displayed excellent performance with a linear range of 2.0-12.0 μmol L-1 and a linear determination coefficient (R2) of 0.99. The limit of detection (LOD) value for EME-assisted "light-up" AIE-MIP sensing method was 0.3 μmol L-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values for the detection were found to be within the range 2.0-12.0%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that determination of total illicit drugs with a single fluorescent MIP sensor was achieved and also the first utilization of sample preparation to tune the sensing signal of the sensor to be reported. We believe that this versatile combination of fluorescent MIP sensor and sample preparation can be used as a common protocol for sensing the total amount of a group of analytes in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yibo Yan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, #13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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31
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Yence M, Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. Recent Developments in the Sensitive Electrochemical Assay of Common Opioid Drugs. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:882-895. [PMID: 35853096 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2099732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are a class of drugs used to treat moderate to severe pain and have short-term adverse effects. Nevertheless, they are considered necessary for pain management. However, well-known hazards are connected with an opioid prescription, such as overuse, addiction, and overdose deaths. For example, the death rate from opioid analgesic poisoning in the USA approximately doubled, owing to the overuse and addiction of opioid analgesics. Also, opioids are a very important group of analytes in forensic chemistry, so it is necessary to use reliable, fast, and sensitive analytical tools to determine opioid analgesics. This review focuses on the opioid overdose crisis, the properties of commonly used opioid drugs, their mechanism, effects, and some chromatographic and spectroscopic detection methods are explained briefly. Then most essentially recent developments covering the last ten years in the sensitive electrochemical methods of common opioid analgesics, their innovations and features, and future research directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yence
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cetinkaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Irem Kaya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gulhane Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Akbari M, Mohammadnia MS, Ghalkhani M, Aghaei M, Sohouli E, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Arbabi M, Banafshe HR, Sobhani-Nasab A. Development of an electrochemical fentanyl nanosensor based on MWCNT-HA/ Cu-H3BTC nanocomposite. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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33
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Rahin Ahmed S, Sherazee M, Srinivasan S, Reza Rajabzadeh A. Nanozymatic detection of thiocyanate through accelerating the growth of ultra-small gold nanoparticles/graphene quantum dots hybrids. Food Chem 2022; 379:132152. [PMID: 35063843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thiocyanate (SCN-) concentration monitoring in food is important to ensure the health and safety of the consumers.A colorimetric detection of thiocyanate (SCN-) based on the nanozymatic activity of gold nanoparticle-graphene quantum dots (GQDs-Au NPs) hybrids in the presence of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2 has been proposed. Here, a new synthesis method of GQDs directly from graphite was introduced. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the size of the GQDs was 3-5 nm, and the emission peak appeared at 450 nm. As-synthesized GQDs was utilized to produce GQDs-Au NPs hybrids without additional chemicals. However, the presence of SCN- inhibits the growth of Au NPs, the resulting Au NPs are smaller in size. Moreover, SCN- group is well-known for hydroxyl radical (OH) scavenging activity that could oxidize TMB. Both effects boosted the nanozymatic activity of GQDs-Au NPs to detect SCN- under optimized conditions with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 nM. Present study also validates the methodology to detect SCN- in raw milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Masoomeh Sherazee
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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34
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Azimi S, Docoslis A. Recent Advances in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering for Illicit Drug Detection. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22103877. [PMID: 35632286 PMCID: PMC9143835 DOI: 10.3390/s22103877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in illicit drug use and its adverse health effects and socio-economic consequences have reached alarming proportions in recent years. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a highly sensitive analytical tool for the detection of low dosages of drugs in liquid and solid samples. In the present article, we review the state-of-the-art use of SERS for chemical analysis of illicit drugs in aqueous and complex biological samples, including saliva, urine, and blood. We also include a review of the types of SERS substrates used for this purpose, pointing out recent advancements in substrate fabrication towards quantitative and qualitative detection of illicit drugs. Finally, we conclude by providing our perspective on the field of SERS-based drug detection, including presently faced challenges. Overall, our review provides evidence of the strong potential of SERS to establish itself as both a laboratory and in situ analytical method for fast and sensitive drug detection and identification.
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35
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Muthusamy A, Kim CH, Virgil SC, Knox HJ, Marvin JS, Nichols AL, Cohen BN, Dougherty DA, Looger LL, Lester HA. Three Mutations Convert the Selectivity of a Protein Sensor from Nicotinic Agonists to S-Methadone for Use in Cells, Organelles, and Biofluids. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8480-8486. [PMID: 35446570 PMCID: PMC9121368 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a reagentless, intensity-based S-methadone fluorescent sensor, iS-methadoneSnFR, consisting of a circularly permuted GFP inserted within the sequence of a mutated bacterial periplasmic binding protein (PBP). We evolved a previously reported nicotine-binding PBP to become a selective S-methadone-binding sensor, via three mutations in the PBP's second shell and hinge regions. iS-methadoneSnFR displays the necessary sensitivity, kinetics, and selectivity─notably enantioselectivity against R-methadone─for biological applications. Robust iS-methadoneSnFR responses in human sweat and saliva and mouse serum enable diagnostic uses. Expression and imaging in mammalian cells demonstrate that S-methadone enters at least two organelles and undergoes acid trapping in the Golgi apparatus, where opioid receptors can signal. This work shows a straightforward strategy in adapting existing PBPs to serve real-time applications ranging from subcellular to personal pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand
K. Muthusamy
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Charlene H. Kim
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Scott C. Virgil
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Hailey J. Knox
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Marvin
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Aaron L. Nichols
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Bruce N. Cohen
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Dennis A. Dougherty
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
| | - Loren L. Looger
- Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, University of
California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Henry A. Lester
- Division
of Biology and Biological Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91106, United States
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36
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Electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of fentanyl using laser-induced porous carbon-electrodes. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:198. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Ahmed SR, Sherazee M, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Positively Charged Gold Quantum Dots: An Nanozymatic "Off-On" Sensor for Thiocyanate Detection. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091189. [PMID: 35563912 PMCID: PMC9099475 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of thiocyanate (SCN−) in bodily fluids is a good indicator of potential and severe health issues such as nasal bleeding, goiters, vertigo, unconsciousness, several inflammatory diseases, and cystic fibrosis. Herein, a visual SCN− sensing method has been developed using the enzyme-like nature of positively charged gold quantum dots (Au QDs) mixed with 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This research also reports a new method of synthesizing positively charged Au QDs directly from gold nanoparticles through a hydrothermal process. Microscopic imaging has showed that the Au QDs were 3–5 nm in size, and the emission wavelength was at 438 nm. Au QDs did not display any enzyme-like nature while mixed up with TMB and H2O2. However, the nanozymatic activity of Au QDs appeared when SCN− was included, leading to a very low detection limit (LOD) of 8 nM and 99–105% recovery in complex media. The steady-state kinetic reaction of Au QDs showed that Au QDs had a lower Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) toward H2O2 and TMB, which indicates that the Au QDs had a higher affinity for H2O2 and TMB than horseradish peroxidase (HRP). A mechanism study has revealed that the scavenging ability of hydroxyl (•OH) radicals by the SCN− group plays an important role in enhancing the sensitivity in this study. The proposed nanozymatic “Off–On” SCN− sensor was also successfully validated in commercial milk samples.
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38
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Kumar N, Rana M, Geiwitz M, Khan NI, Catalano M, Ortiz-Marquez JC, Kitadai H, Weber A, Dweik B, Ling X, van Opijnen T, Argun AA, Burch KS. Rapid, Multianalyte Detection of Opioid Metabolites in Wastewater. ACS NANO 2022; 16:3704-3714. [PMID: 35201755 PMCID: PMC9949512 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
By monitoring opioid metabolites, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) could be an excellent tool for real-time information on the consumption of illicit drugs. A key limitation of WBE is the reliance on costly laboratory-based techniques that require substantial infrastructure and trained personnel, resulting in long turnaround times. Here, we present an aptamer-based graphene field effect transistor (AptG-FET) platform for simultaneous detection of three different opioid metabolites. This platform provides a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive method for quantitative analysis of opioid metabolites in wastewater. The platform delivers a limit of detection 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than previous reports, but in line with the concentration range (pg/mL to ng/mL) of these opioid metabolites present in real samples. To enable multianalyte detection, we developed a facile, reproducible, and high-yield fabrication process producing 20 G-FETs with integrated side gate platinum (Pt) electrodes on a single chip. Our devices achieved the selective multianalyte detection of three different metabolites: noroxycodone (NX), 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), and norfentanyl (NF) in wastewater diluted 20× in buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Muhit Rana
- Giner Inc., Newton, Massachusetts 02466, United States
| | - Michael Geiwitz
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | | | - Matthew Catalano
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Juan C Ortiz-Marquez
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hikari Kitadai
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Andrew Weber
- Giner Inc., Newton, Massachusetts 02466, United States
| | - Badawi Dweik
- Giner Inc., Newton, Massachusetts 02466, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tim van Opijnen
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Avni A Argun
- Giner Inc., Newton, Massachusetts 02466, United States
| | - Kenneth S Burch
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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Rohani Bastami T, Bayat M, Paolesse R. Naked-Eye Detection of Morphine by Au@Ag Nanoparticles-Based Colorimetric Chemosensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22052072. [PMID: 35271219 PMCID: PMC8914838 DOI: 10.3390/s22052072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report a novel and facile colorimetric assay based on silver citrate-coated Au@Ag nanoparticles (Au@AgNPs) as a chemosensor for the naked-eye detection of morphine (MOR). The developed optical sensing approach relied on the aggregation of Au@Ag NPs upon exposure to morphine, which led to an evident color variation from light-yellow to brown. Au@Ag NPs have been prepared by two different protocols, using high- and low-power ultrasonic irradiation. The sonochemical method was essential for the sensing properties of the resulting nanoparticles. This facile sensing method has several advantages including excellent stability, selectivity, prompt detection, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Rohani Bastami
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 94771-67335, Iran;
- Correspondence: (T.R.B.); (R.P.)
| | - Mansour Bayat
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan 94771-67335, Iran;
| | - Roberto Paolesse
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (T.R.B.); (R.P.)
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40
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Moradi R, Khalili NP, Septiani NLW, Liu CH, Doustkhah E, Yamauchi Y, Rotkin SV. Nanoarchitectonics for Abused-Drug Biosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104847. [PMID: 34882957 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, accessible, and highly accurate biosensors for the detection of addictive and abused drugs are needed to reduce the adverse personal and societal impacts of addiction. Modern sensors that utilize next-generation technologies, e.g., nanobiotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, have triggered revolutionary progress in the field as they allow accurate detection and tracking of trace levels of major classes of drugs. This paper reviews advances in the field of biosensors for the detection of commonly abused drugs, both prescribed such as codeine and morphine, and illegal narcotics like cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Moradi
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
| | - Nazila Pour Khalili
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
- Center for Cell Pathology Research, Department of Biological Science, Khazar University, Baku, Az1096, Azerbaijan
| | - Ni Luh Wulan Septiani
- Advanced Functional Materials Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, and TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzheng Road, Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Esmail Doustkhah
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Slava V Rotkin
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Millennium Science Complex, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Choińska MK, Šestáková I, Hrdlička V, Skopalová J, Langmaier J, Maier V, Navrátil T. Electroanalysis of Fentanyl and Its New Analogs: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010026. [PMID: 35049654 PMCID: PMC8774265 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The review describes fentanyl and its analogs as new synthetic opioids and the possibilities of their identification and determination using electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, potentiometry, electrochemiluminescence) and electrochemical methods combined with various separation methods. The review also covers the analysis of new synthetic opioids, their parent compounds, and corresponding metabolites in body fluids, such as urine, blood, serum, and plasma, necessary for a fast and accurate diagnosis of intoxication. Identifying and quantifying these addictive and illicit substances and their metabolites is necessary for clinical, toxicological, and forensic purposes. As a reaction to the growing number of new synthetic opioid intoxications and increasing fatalities observed over the past ten years, we provide thorough background for developing new biosensors, screen-printed electrodes, or other point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Katarzyna Choińska
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.C.); (V.H.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
- UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Šestáková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.C.); (V.H.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.Š.); (J.S.); Tel.: +420-266-053-875 (I.Š.); +420-585-634-442 (J.S.)
| | - Vojtěch Hrdlička
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.C.); (V.H.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Jana Skopalová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: (I.Š.); (J.S.); Tel.: +420-266-053-875 (I.Š.); +420-585-634-442 (J.S.)
| | - Jan Langmaier
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.C.); (V.H.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
| | - Vítězslav Maier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Tomáš Navrátil
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.C.); (V.H.); (J.L.); (T.N.)
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42
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Hang Y, Boryczka J, Wu N. Visible-light and near-infrared fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering point-of-care sensing and bio-imaging: a review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:329-375. [PMID: 34897302 PMCID: PMC9135580 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This review article deals with the concepts, principles and applications of visible-light and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in in vitro point-of-care testing (POCT) and in vivo bio-imaging. It has discussed how to utilize the biological transparency windows to improve the penetration depth and signal-to-noise ratio, and how to use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify fluorescence and SERS signals. This article has highlighted some plasmonic fluorescence and SERS probes. It has also reviewed the design strategies of fluorescent and SERS sensors in the detection of metal ions, small molecules, proteins and nucleic acids. Particularly, it has provided perspectives on the integration of fluorescent and SERS sensors into microfluidic chips as lab-on-chips to realize point-of-care testing. It has also discussed the design of active microfluidic devices and non-paper- or paper-based lateral flow assays for in vitro diagnostics. In addition, this article has discussed the strategies to design in vivo NIR fluorescence and SERS bio-imaging platforms for monitoring physiological processes and disease progression in live cells and tissues. Moreover, it has highlighted the applications of POCT and bio-imaging in testing toxins, heavy metals, illicit drugs, cancers, traumatic brain injuries, and infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza, HIV and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Hang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Jennifer Boryczka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003-9303, USA.
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Ortega GA, Ahmed SR, Tuteja SK, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. A biomolecule-free electrochemical sensing approach based on a novel electrode modification technique: Detection of ultra-low concentration of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol in saliva by turning a sample analyte into a sensor analyte. Talanta 2022; 236:122863. [PMID: 34635245 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis is currently one of the most consumed drugs in many countries. Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive component of this drug and is present in saliva after consumption. This paper reports a novel biomolecule-free electrochemical approach to detect an ultra-low level of THC in saliva using modified electrodes with molecules of the same analyte (THC) that are detected later via square wave voltammetry. The results from this research revealed that the electrodeposition of THC on the working electrode (sensor analyte) could highly enhance the limit of detection by improving the affinity of the THC molecules present in the sample (sample analyte) to the sensing electrode surface. Detailed descriptions about the optimization of the sensor and its performance in simple media, such as PBS, and complex media, such as simulated and real saliva, are provided. This novel and yet simple electrochemical-based sensing strategy allowed for a low limit of detection of 1.6 ng/mL THC in simulated and real saliva, distinguishing concentrations ranging from 2 to 25 ng/mL, making this technology viable for a real-world application such as roadside testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greter A Ortega
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Satish K Tuteja
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Ahmed SR, Ortega GA, Kumar S, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanate capped gold nanoparticles: an enzyme–nanozyme cascade reaction based dual mode ethanol detection in saliva. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanide capped gold nanoparticles (TC-AuNPs) in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Greter A. Ortega
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
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45
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Dragan AM, Parrilla M, Feier B, Oprean R, Cristea C, De Wael K. Analytical techniques for the detection of amphetamine-type substances in different matrices: A comprehensive review. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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46
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A Colorimetric Membrane-Based Sensor with Improved Selectivity towards Amphetamine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216713. [PMID: 34771122 PMCID: PMC8588055 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their simplicity, speed and low cost, chemical spot tests are increasingly demanded for the presumptive identification of illicit drugs in a variety of contexts such as point-of-care assistance or prosecution of drug trafficking. However, most of the colorimetric reactions used in these tests are, at best, drug class selective. Therefore, the development of tests based on chemical reactions with improved discrimination power is of great interest. In this work, we propose a new colorimetric assay for amphetamine (AMP) based on its reaction with solutions of alkaline gold bromide to form an insoluble yellow–orange derivative. The resulting suspensions are then filtered onto nylon membranes and the precipitate collected is used for the visual identification of AMP. The measurement of the absorbance of the membranes by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy also allows the quantification of AMP in a simple and rapid way, as demonstrated for different synthetic and drug street samples. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that the proposed procedure is highly selective towards AMP, as this compound could be easily differentiated from other common drugs such as methamphetamine (MET), ephedrine (EPH), scopolamine (SCP) and cocaine (COC).
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47
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Dragan AM, Truta FM, Tertis M, Florea A, Schram J, Cernat A, Feier B, De Wael K, Cristea C, Oprean R. Electrochemical Fingerprints of Illicit Drugs on Graphene and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Front Chem 2021; 9:641147. [PMID: 33796506 PMCID: PMC8007852 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.641147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Dragan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florina Maria Truta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Florea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jonas Schram
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreea Cernat
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bogdan Feier
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Karolien De Wael
- Axes Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Oprean
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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48
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Chand R, Mittal N, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Upconverting nanoparticle clustering based rapid quantitative detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on lateral-flow immunoassay. Analyst 2021; 146:574-580. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01850c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis, also known as marijuana, is the most abused psychoactive drug worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Chand
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Neha Mittal
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- W Booth School of Engineering Practice and Technology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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49
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Ahmed SR, Kumar S, Ortega GA, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Target specific aptamer-induced self-assembly of fluorescent graphene quantum dots on palladium nanoparticles for sensitive detection of tetracycline in raw milk. Food Chem 2020; 346:128893. [PMID: 33387835 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The excessive use of tetracyclines (TCs), a bacteriostaticantibiotic, in food products, has led to the accumulation of TCs residues in the human body, affecting human health seriously. Therefore, the development of a highly sensitive method to detect TCs in food is of utmost importance. This study reports a novel sensing strategy using aptamer-induced fluorescence fluctuation of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) for the rapid and label-free detection of tetracycline with a limit of detection of 45 ng.mL-1. A novel single-step synthesis of positively charged Pd NPs and one-step green synthesis of GQDs directly from graphite has been developed. The proposed strategy provides an efficient way to detect low traces of TCs and a new technique for the development of aptamer-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Greter A Ortega
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada.
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