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Yoshida N, Daikoku T, Nagai Y, Kuniyoshi Y. Emergence of integrated behaviors through direct optimization for homeostasis. Neural Netw 2024; 177:106379. [PMID: 38762941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Homeostasis is a self-regulatory process, wherein an organism maintains a specific internal physiological state. Homeostatic reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework recently proposed in computational neuroscience to explain animal behavior. Homeostatic RL organizes the behaviors of autonomous embodied agents according to the demands of the internal dynamics of their bodies, coupled with the external environment. Thus, it provides a basis for real-world autonomous agents, such as robots, to continually acquire and learn integrated behaviors for survival. However, prior studies have generally explored problems pertaining to limited size, as the agent must handle observations of such coupled dynamics. To overcome this restriction, we developed an advanced method to realize scaled-up homeostatic RL using deep RL. Furthermore, several rewards for homeostasis have been proposed in the literature. We identified that the reward definition that uses the difference in drive function yields the best results. We created two benchmark environments for homeostasis and performed a behavioral analysis. The analysis showed that the trained agents in each environment changed their behavior based on their internal physiological states. Finally, we extended our method to address vision using deep convolutional neural networks. The analysis of a trained agent revealed that it has visual saliency rooted in the survival environment and internal representations resulting from multimodal input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshida
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Daikoku
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukie Nagai
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kuniyoshi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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Crean AJ, Senior AM, Freire T, Clark TD, Mackay F, Austin G, Pulpitel TJ, Nobrega MA, Barrès R, Simpson SJ. Paternal dietary macronutrient balance and energy intake drive metabolic and behavioral differences among offspring. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2982. [PMID: 38582785 PMCID: PMC10998877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Paternal diet can influence the phenotype of the next generation, yet, the dietary components inducing specific responses in the offspring are not identified. Here, we use the Nutritional Geometry Framework to determine the effects of pre-conception paternal dietary macronutrient balance on offspring metabolic and behavioral traits in mice. Ten isocaloric diets varying in the relative proportion of protein, fats, and carbohydrates are fed to male mice prior to mating. Dams and offspring are fed standard chow and never exposed to treatment diets. Body fat in female offspring is positively associated with the paternal consumption of fat, while in male offspring, an anxiety-like phenotype is associated to paternal diets low in protein and high in carbohydrates. Our study uncovers that the nature and the magnitude of paternal effects are driven by interactions between macronutrient balance and energy intake and are not solely the result of over- or undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Jane Crean
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alistair McNair Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Daniel Clark
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Flora Mackay
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Gracie Austin
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tamara Jayne Pulpitel
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK, 2200, Denmark.
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur & Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valbonne, 06560, France.
| | - Stephen James Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Okada M, Pehlivan MJ, Miskovic-Wheatley J, Barakat S, Griffiths KR, Touyz SW, Simpson SJ, Maguire S, Holmes AJ. My Diet Study: protocol for a two-part observational, longitudinal, psycho-biological study of dieting in Australian youth. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1281855. [PMID: 38155880 PMCID: PMC10752999 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1281855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Self-directed dieting (i.e., unsupervised) is very common among adolescents and young adults but has had almost no direct research. This paper describes the protocol for the My Diet Study, a two-arm observational investigation of the natural progression of dieting among young people over a period of 6-months. The study aims to examine the links between self-directed dieting, general physiological and psychological metrics of wellbeing (e.g., depressive symptoms) and biomarkers of gut-brain axis functions (e.g., microbiome and hormones) that are predicted to influence diet adherence through appetite, mood and metabolism regulation. Methods Young people aged 16-25, intending to start a diet will be invited to participate in this observational study. For Part 1 (psychological arm), participants will be asked to complete a set of questionnaires and diaries at the beginning of every month for 6 months, to assess overall mental (e.g., psychological distress, disordered eating) and physical (e.g., weight) health, perceived diet success, food intake and gastrointestinal movements. For Part 2 (biological arm), a subsample of 50 participants will be asked to provide feces, blood and saliva for bio-sampling each month for the first 3-months of their participation in Part 1. Discussion The My Diet Study will be the first longitudinal, observational study of dieting in young people combining in-depth psychological and biological data. It is anticipated that the findings will yield psychological & biological information about the impacts and effectiveness of self-directed dieting in young people, inform a framework for advice on safety in dieting among young people and help to establish the potential for biomarkers for risk management and improvement of diet-based lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirei Okada
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Melissa J. Pehlivan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Miskovic-Wheatley
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Barakat
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristi R. Griffiths
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen W. Touyz
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- InsideOut Institute for Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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4
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Loayza E, Muñoz-Saravia A, De Troch M, Hendriks WH, Janssens GPJ. Detailed whole-body nutrient analysis identifies differences in feeding ecology between related fish species: The case of Orestias native Andean killifish in Lake Titicaca. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:1302-1310. [PMID: 37203287 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Body nutrient profiles in ecological studies allow for relating the nutritional status of consumers and their effects on the movement and retention of elements in ecosystems, as well as reflecting feeding conditions and habitat quality. This study compared the detailed whole-body nutrient composition (macronutrients, minerals, fatty acids and amino acids) of two omnivorous natives Orestias killifish from Lake Titicaca (Orestias agassizii and Orestias luteus, Valenciennes), the largest lake in the Andes, as an indirect tool to understand differences in their feeding ecology. Although both species are usually described as omnivorous fish, both have amphipods (Hyalella spp) as their main food source. Our results showed that both killifish had a comparable macronutrient composition, and the mineral concentrations of Mg, P and Ca (reflecting bony structures) differed between them. Many of the saturated fatty acids were significantly lower in O. luteus, and O. agassizii had higher concentrations of cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n11 (cis)), supporting the idea of a higher algal contribution to the diet of this fish. The lower histidine and higher taurine concentrations in O. agassizii compared with O. luteus (independent of body size) may reflect its ubiquitous behaviour and plasticity. This study shows how whole-body nutrient analysis can identify differences in feeding ecology and feeding behaviour between related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Loayza
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Unidad de Ecología Acuática, Instituto de Ecología, Carrera de Biología-Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Marleen De Troch
- Biology Department, Marine Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter H Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert P J Janssens
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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5
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Local and large-scale spatial variation in a marine predator-prey interaction in the southwestern Atlantic. Oecologia 2022; 199:685-698. [PMID: 35857114 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Predator-prey interactions are a key ecological process which can be modified by environmental conditions over a range of spatial scales. Through two complementary short-term experiments, we assessed how local and large-scale environmental conditions affect a subtropical intertidal predator-prey interaction. At a local scale, we evaluated the effects of the degree of exposure to wave action and prey density on consumption rate and interaction strength using a whelk-barnacle system. Consumption rate decreased with wave exposure at experimentally reduced prey density but did not change at ambient density. Such an interactive effect occurred due to shifts in the whelk's feeding behaviour, likely linked to encounter rate and stress amelioration underpinned by prey density. Per capita interaction strength of the whelk on the barnacle weakened along the wave exposure gradient, but to a greater degree at reduced compared to ambient prey density. This confirms that environmental harshness can decrease the importance of predators, but the magnitude of change may be modified by density-dependent effects. A large-scale experiment did not reveal spatial patterns in the whelk-barnacle interaction, nor relationships to chlorophyll-a concentration or the minor change in sea temperature across the study area. Patterns in the size of consumed barnacles along the chlorophyll-a gradient suggest changes in food choice related to prey quality and size. We conclude that disentangling the effects of wave exposure and prey density revealed important potential mechanisms driving species locally. Large-scale variation in the whelk-barnacle interaction appeared to be linked to species' traits shaped by the environmental context.
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6
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Noseband sensor validation and behavioural indicators for assessing beef cattle grazing on extensive pastures. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Shephard AM, Mitchell TS, Snell-Rood EC. Monarch caterpillars are robust to combined exposure to the roadside micronutrients sodium and zinc. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab061. [PMID: 34386239 PMCID: PMC8354372 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are increasing the environmental availability of micronutrients, including sodium and some essential metals. Micronutrients are often limiting in animal diets but may have negative effects when consumed in excess. Though prior research has documented how elevated exposure to individual micronutrients can impact organismal development and fitness, we know less about combined effects of multiple micronutrients. In the wild, monarch butterfly larvae (Danaus plexippus) commonly consume plants in roadside habitats that contain elevated levels of sodium (from road salt) and zinc (from vehicle wear-and-tear). We reared monarch caterpillars to adulthood to test individual and combined effects of dietary sodium and zinc on components of fitness, sodium-linked phenotypes (proxies for neural and flight muscle development) and concentrations of sodium and zinc in adult butterflies. Monarch survival was not impacted by elevated sodium or zinc individually or in combination. Yet, monarchs feeding on sodium-treated milkweed developed relatively larger eyes, consistent with a positive effect of sodium on neural development. Measurements of element concentrations in butterfly and plant tissue indicated that monarchs had higher zinc levels than those present in zinc-treated milkweed but lower sodium levels than those present in sodium-treated milkweed. Monarchs developing on sodium-treated milkweed also had prolonged development time, which might be a cost associated with developing extra neural tissue or investing in mechanisms to excrete excess dietary sodium during the larval stage. Our results indicate that sodium, more than zinc, is likely influencing phenotypic development and performance of insect pollinators in roadside habitats. Yet, in contrast to previous work, our experiment suggests that the highest levels of sodium found along roads are not always harmful for developing monarchs. Future work could consider how potentially stressful effects of micronutrients could be mitigated by increased macronutrient availability or how developmental factors such as migratory status might increase micronutrient requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Shephard
- Corresponding author: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Timothy S Mitchell
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Emilie C Snell-Rood
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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8
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Peneaux C, Machovsky-Capuska GE, Endler JA, Griffin AS. Eat yourself sexy: how selective macronutrient intake influences the expression of a visual signal in common mynas. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:237821. [PMID: 33758023 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.241349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Producing colored signals often requires consuming dietary carotenoid pigments. Evidence that food deprivation can reduce coloration, however, raises the question of whether other dietary nutrients contribute to signal coloration, and furthermore, whether individuals can voluntarily select food combinations to achieve optimal coloration. We created a two-way factorial design to manipulate macronutrient and carotenoid access in common mynas (Acridotheres tristis) and measured eye patch coloration as a function of the food combinations individuals selected. Mynas had access to either water or carotenoid-supplemented water and could either eat a standard captive diet or choose freely between three nutritionally defined pellets (protein, lipid or carbohydrate). Mynas supplemented with both carotenoids and macronutrient pellets had higher color scores than control birds. Male coloration tended to respond more to nutritional manipulation than females, with color scores improving in macronutrient- and carotenoid-supplemented individuals compared with controls. All mynas consuming carotenoids had higher levels of plasma carotenoids, but only males showed a significant increase by the end of the experiment. Dietary carotenoids and macronutrient intake consumed in combination tended to increase plasma carotenoid concentrations the most. These results demonstrate for the first time that consuming specific combinations of macronutrients along with carotenoids contributes to optimizing a colorful signal, and point to sex-specific nutritional strategies. Our findings improve our knowledge of how diet choices affect signal expression and, by extension, how nutritionally impoverished diets, such as those consumed by birds in cities, might affect sexual selection processes and, ultimately, population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Peneaux
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Gabriel E Machovsky-Capuska
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - John A Endler
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Andrea S Griffin
- School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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9
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Hou R, Chapman CA, Rothman JM, Zhang H, Huang K, Guo S, Li B, Raubenheimer D. The geometry of resource constraint: An empirical study of the golden snub-nosed monkey. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:751-765. [PMID: 33314075 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Apposite conceptualization and measurement of resource variation is critical for understanding many issues in ecology, including ecological niches, persistence and distribution of populations, the structure of communities and population resilience to perturbations. We apply the nutritional geometry framework to conceptualize and quantify the responses of a temperate-living primate, the golden snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus roxellana to variation in resource quality and quantity and in nutrient requirements associated with seasonal environments. We present a geometric model distinguishing qualitative constraint, quantitative constraint and 'pseudo-constraint' whereby nutrient intakes resemble response to qualitative resource constraint but are in fact driven by variation in nutrient requirements. The model is applied to analyse nutrient intakes recorded in 164 full-day observations of monkeys from two populations, one wild and the other captive, across seasons. Additionally, we recorded the diet of a single animal over 32 consecutive days in the wild. Despite considerable differences in available resources, the captive and wild populations showed marked similarities in nutrient intakes, including indistinguishable amounts and ratios of ingested macronutrients during summer and autumn and strong year-round maintenance of protein compared to seasonally variable fat and carbohydrate intakes. These similarities suggest homeostatically regulated nutritional targets and provide reference points to identify factors driving population differences in macronutrient intake in winter and spring. Our framework enabled us to distinguish examples of quantitative, qualitative and 'pseudo-constraint'. We suggest that this approach can increase the resolution at which resource constraint is conceptualized and measured in ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica M Rothman
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - He Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songtao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Leonhardt SD, Lihoreau M, Spaethe J. Mechanisms of Nutritional Resource Exploitation by Insects. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090570. [PMID: 32854218 PMCID: PMC7564569 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insects have evolved an extraordinary range of nutritional adaptations to exploit other animals, plants, bacteria, fungi and soils as resources in terrestrial and aquatic environments. This special issue provides some new insights into the mechanisms underlying these adaptations. Contributions comprise lab and field studies investigating the chemical, physiological, cognitive and behavioral mechanisms that enable resource exploitation and nutrient intake regulation in insects. The collection of papers highlights the need for more studies on the comparative sensory ecology, underlying nutritional quality assessment, cue perception and decision making to fully understand how insects adjust resource selection and exploitation in response to environmental heterogeneity and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara D. Leonhardt
- Plant-Insect-Interactions Group, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France;
| | - Johannes Spaethe
- Department of Behavioral Physiology and Sociobiology, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany;
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11
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Sobczyk Ł, Filipiak M, Czarnoleski M. Sexual Dimorphism in the Multielemental Stoichiometric Phenotypes and Stoichiometric Niches of Spiders. INSECTS 2020; 11:E484. [PMID: 32751585 PMCID: PMC7469175 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional limitations may shape populations and communities of organisms. This phenomenon is often studied by treating populations and communities as pools of homogenous individuals with average nutritional optima and experiencing average constraints and trade-offs that influence their fitness in a standardized way. However, populations and communities consist of individuals belonging to different sexes, each with specific nutritional demands and limitations. Taking this into account, we used the ecological stoichiometry framework to study sexual differences in the stoichiometric phenotypes, reflecting stoichiometric niches, of four spider taxa differing in the hunting mode. The species and sexes differed fundamentally in their elemental phenotypes, including elements beyond those most commonly studied (C, N and P). Both species and sexes were distinguished by the C:N ratio and concentrations of Cu, K and Zn. Species additionally differed in concentrations of Na, Mg and Mn. Phosphorous was not involved in this differentiation. Sexual dimorphism in spiders' elemental phenotypes, related to differences in their stoichiometric niches, suggests different nutritional optima and differences in nutritional limitation experienced by different sexes and species. This may influence the structure and functioning of spider populations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Filipiak
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.C.)
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12
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Hosking CJ, Raubenheimer D, Charleston MA, Simpson SJ, Senior AM. Macronutrient intakes and the lifespan-fecundity trade-off: a geometric framework agent-based model. J R Soc Interface 2020; 16:20180733. [PMID: 30958189 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifespan and fecundity, the main components in evolutionary fitness, are both strongly affected by nutritional state. Geometric framework of nutrition (GFN) experiments has shown that lifespan and fecundity are separated in nutrient space leading to a functional trade-off between the two traits. Here we develop a spatially explicit agent-based model (ABM) using the GFN to explore how ecological factors may cause selection on macronutrient appetites to optimally balance these life-history traits. We show that increasing the risk of extrinsic mortality favours intake of a mixture of nutrients that is associated with maximal fecundity at the expense of reduced longevity and that this result is robust across spatial and nutritional environments. These model behaviours are consistent with what has been observed in studies that quantify changes in life history in response to environmental manipulations. Previous GFN-derived ABMs have treated fitness as a single value. This is the first such model to instead decompose fitness into its primary component traits, longevity and fecundity, allowing evolutionary fitness to be an emergent property of the two. Our model demonstrates that selection on macronutrient appetites may affect life-history trade-offs and makes predictions that can be directly tested in artificial selection experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Hosking
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michael A Charleston
- 3 School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania , Hobart, Tasmania 7005 , Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- 1 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia.,2 School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
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13
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Machovsky-Capuska GE, Raubenheimer D. The Nutritional Ecology of Marine Apex Predators. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:361-387. [PMID: 31487471 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apex predators play pivotal roles in marine ecosystems, mediated principally through diet and nutrition. Yet, compared with terrestrial animals, the nutritional ecology of marine predators is poorly understood. One reason is that the field has adhered to an approach that evaluates diet principally in terms of energy gain. Studies in terrestrial systems, by contrast, increasingly adopt a multidimensional approach, the nutritional geometry framework, that distinguishes specific nutrients and calories. We provide evidence that a nutritional approach is likewise relevant to marine apex predators, then demonstrate how nutritional geometry can characterize the nutrient and energy content of marine prey. Next, we show how this framework can be used to reconceptualize ecological interactions via the ecological niche concept, and close with a consideration of its application to problems in marine predator research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia;
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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14
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Johnston ASA, Boyd RJ, Watson JW, Paul A, Evans LC, Gardner EL, Boult VL. Predicting population responses to environmental change from individual-level mechanisms: towards a standardized mechanistic approach. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191916. [PMID: 31615360 PMCID: PMC6834044 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal populations will mediate the response of global biodiversity to environmental changes. Population models are thus important tools for both understanding and predicting animal responses to uncertain future conditions. Most approaches, however, are correlative and ignore the individual-level mechanisms that give rise to population dynamics. Here, we assess several existing population modelling approaches and find limitations to both 'correlative' and 'mechanistic' models. We advocate the need for a standardized mechanistic approach for linking individual mechanisms (physiology, behaviour, and evolution) to population dynamics in spatially explicit landscapes. Such an approach is potentially more flexible and informative than current population models. Key to realizing this goal, however, is overcoming current data limitations, the development and testing of eco-evolutionary theory to represent interactions between individual mechanisms, and standardized multi-dimensional environmental change scenarios which incorporate multiple stressors. Such progress is essential in supporting environmental decisions in uncertain future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. A. Johnston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - R. J. Boyd
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - J. W. Watson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - A. Paul
- School of Archaeology, Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
| | - L. C. Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - E. L. Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
| | - V. L. Boult
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AX, UK
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15
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Morimoto J, Lihoreau M. Quantifying Nutritional Trade-Offs across Multidimensional Performance Landscapes. Am Nat 2019; 193:E168-E181. [DOI: 10.1086/701898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Machovsky-Capuska GE, Amiot C, Denuncio P, Grainger R, Raubenheimer D. A nutritional perspective on plastic ingestion in wildlife. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:789-796. [PMID: 30530148 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the perils of plastics to living organisms including humans have been neglected for decades, they have recently been recognized as a major environmental problem worldwide. Little progress has been made on understanding the factors that drive species' and populations' susceptibilities to the ingestion of plastic. Here, we propose using nutritional ecology as a multidisciplinary framework for bridging the gaps that link nutrition, behavior, plastics, physiology and ecology. We show that nutritional niches are tightly linked to plastic ingestion, illustrating the application of our framework in the context of nutritional niche theory, habitat-specific foraging from species to populations, and transfer patterns in food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Amiot
- Université d'Angers, LETG-Angers, LEESA UMR 6554 CNRS, UFR Sciences, France
| | - Pablo Denuncio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Funes 3350, Mar del Plata B7602AYL, Argentina
| | - Richard Grainger
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sydney, Australia
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17
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Pasquaretta C, Gómez-Moracho T, Heeb P, Lihoreau M. Exploring Interactions between the Gut Microbiota and Social Behavior through Nutrition. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E534. [PMID: 30404178 PMCID: PMC6266758 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes influence a wide range of host social behaviors and vice versa. So far, however, the mechanisms underpinning these complex interactions remain poorly understood. In social animals, where individuals share microbes and interact around foods, the gut microbiota may have considerable consequences on host social interactions by acting upon the nutritional behavior of individual animals. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology can help the study of these processes and allow the formulation of new empirically testable predictions. First, we review key evidence showing that gut microbes influence the nutrition of individual animals, through modifications of their nutritional state and feeding decisions. Next, we describe how these microbial influences and their social consequences can be studied by modelling populations of hosts and their gut microbiota into a single conceptual framework derived from nutritional geometry. Our approach raises new perspectives for the study of holobiont nutrition and will facilitate theoretical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms and evolution of social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Pasquaretta
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Tamara Gómez-Moracho
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipp Heeb
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, ENSFEA, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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18
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Lihoreau M, Gómez-Moracho T, Pasquaretta C, Costa JT, Buhl C. Social nutrition: an emerging field in insect science. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 28:73-80. [PMID: 30551770 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is thought to be a major driver of social evolution, yet empirical support for this hypothesis is scarce. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology illuminate some of the mechanisms by which nutrition mediates social interactions in insects. We focus on experiments and models of nutritional geometry and argue that they provide a powerful means for comparing nutritional phenomena across species exhibiting various social ecologies. This approach, initially developed to study the nutritional behaviour of individual insects, has been increasingly used to study insect groups and societies, leading to the emerging field of social nutrition. We discuss future directions for exploring how these nutritional mechanisms may influence major social transitions in insects and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Tamara Gómez-Moracho
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristian Pasquaretta
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI); CNRS, University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - James T Costa
- Highlands Biological Station, 265 N. Sixth Street, Highlands, NC 28741, USA; Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA
| | - Camille Buhl
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Southern Australia 5005, Australia
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19
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Guo S, Hou R, Garber PA, Raubenheimer D, Righini N, Ji W, Jay O, He S, Wu F, Li F, Li B. Nutrient‐specific compensation for seasonal cold stress in a free‐ranging temperate colobine monkey. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song‐Tao Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
| | - Rong Hou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
| | - David Raubenheimer
- The Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Nicoletta Righini
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
- Laboratorio de Ecología FuncionalInstituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES‐UNAM) Morelia Michoacan Mexico
| | - Wei‐Hong Ji
- Human and Wildlife Interactions Research GroupInstitute of Natural Mathematical SciencesMassey University Albany, Auckland New Zealand
| | - Ollie Jay
- The Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shu‐Jun He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
| | - Fan Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
| | - Fang‐Fang Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
| | - Bao‐Guo Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal ConservationNorthwest University Xi’an China
- Xi’an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China
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20
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Lihoreau M, Charleston MA, Senior AM, Clissold FJ, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Buhl J. Collective foraging in spatially complex nutritional environments. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0238. [PMID: 28673915 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition impinges on virtually all aspects of an animal's life, including social interactions. Recent advances in nutritional ecology show how social animals often trade-off individual nutrition and group cohesion when foraging in simplified experimental environments. Here, we explore how the spatial structure of the nutritional landscape influences these complex collective foraging dynamics in ecologically realistic environments. We introduce an individual-based model integrating key concepts of nutritional geometry, collective animal behaviour and spatial ecology to study the nutritional behaviour of animal groups in large heterogeneous environments containing foods with different abundance, patchiness and nutritional composition. Simulations show that the spatial distribution of foods constrains the ability of individuals to balance their nutrient intake, the lowest performance being attained in environments with small isolated patches of nutritionally complementary foods. Social interactions improve individual regulatory performances when food is scarce and clumpy, but not when it is abundant and scattered, suggesting that collective foraging is favoured in some environments only. These social effects are further amplified if foragers adopt flexible search strategies based on their individual nutritional state. Our model provides a conceptual and predictive framework for developing new empirically testable hypotheses in the emerging field of social nutrition.This article is part of the themed issue 'Physiological determinants of social behaviour in animals'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), University Paul Sabatier, CNRS, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31200, France
| | - Michael A Charleston
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Fiona J Clissold
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jerome Buhl
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Southern Australia 5005, Australia
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21
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Wiggins WD, Wilder SM. Mismatch between dietary requirements for lipid by a predator and availability of lipid in prey. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.04766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Will D. Wiggins
- Dept of Integrative Biology; Oklahoma State Univ.; 501 LSW Stillwater OK 74075 USA
| | - Shawn M. Wilder
- Dept of Integrative Biology; Oklahoma State Univ.; 501 LSW Stillwater OK 74075 USA
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22
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Leroux SJ, Wal EV, Wiersma YF, Charron L, Ebel JD, Ellis NM, Hart C, Kissler E, Saunders PW, Moudrá L, Tanner AL, Yalcin S. Stoichiometric distribution models: ecological stoichiometry at the landscape extent. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn J. Leroux
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Yolanda F. Wiersma
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Louis Charron
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Ebel
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Nichola M. Ellis
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Christopher Hart
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Emilie Kissler
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Paul W. Saunders
- Department of Environment and Conservation, Wildlife Division; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; Corner Brook NL A2H 7S1 Canada
| | - Lucie Moudrá
- Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Amy L. Tanner
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
| | - Semra Yalcin
- Department of Biology; Memorial University of Newfoundland; St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada
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23
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Beheshti R, Jones-Smith JC, Igusa T. Taking dietary habits into account: A computational method for modeling food choices that goes beyond price. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178348. [PMID: 28542615 PMCID: PMC5460917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational models have gained popularity as a predictive tool for assessing proposed policy changes affecting dietary choice. Specifically, they have been used for modeling dietary changes in response to economic interventions, such as price and income changes. Herein, we present a novel addition to this type of model by incorporating habitual behaviors that drive individuals to maintain or conform to prior eating patterns. We examine our method in a simulated case study of food choice behaviors of low-income adults in the US. We use data from several national datasets, including the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and the USDA, to parameterize our model and develop predictive capabilities in 1) quantifying the influence of prior diet preferences when food budgets are increased and 2) simulating the income elasticities of demand for four food categories. Food budgets can increase because of greater affordability (due to food aid and other nutritional assistance programs), or because of higher income. Our model predictions indicate that low-income adults consume unhealthy diets when they have highly constrained budgets, but that even after budget constraints are relaxed, these unhealthy eating behaviors are maintained. Specifically, diets in this population, before and after changes in food budgets, are characterized by relatively low consumption of fruits and vegetables and high consumption of fat. The model results for income elasticities also show almost no change in consumption of fruit and fat in response to changes in income, which is in agreement with data from the World Bank's International Comparison Program (ICP). Hence, the proposed method can be used in assessing the influences of habitual dietary patterns on the effectiveness of food policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmatollah Beheshti
- Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica C. Jones-Smith
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Takeru Igusa
- Johns Hopkins Global Obesity Prevention Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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24
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Cook JG, Cook RC, Davis RW, Irwin LL. Nutritional ecology of elk during summer and autumn in the Pacific Northwest. WILDLIFE MONOGRAPHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wmon.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Forestry and Range Science Laboratory; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Rachel C. Cook
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; Forestry and Range Science Laboratory; 1401 Gekeler Lane La Grande OR 97850 USA
| | - Ronald W. Davis
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana IL 61820 USA
| | - Larry L. Irwin
- National Council for Air and Stream Improvement; P.O. Box 68 Stevensville MT 59870 USA
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25
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Hansen MJ, Schaerf TM, Simpson SJ, Ward AJW. Group foraging decisions in nutritionally differentiated environments. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hansen
- Animal Behaviour Lab School of Biological Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Timothy M. Schaerf
- Animal Behaviour Lab School of Biological Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- School of Science and Technology University of New England Armidale New South Wales 2351 Australia
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ashley J. W. Ward
- Animal Behaviour Lab School of Biological Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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26
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Machovsky‐Capuska GE, Coogan SCP, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. Motive for Killing: What Drives Prey Choice in Wild Predators? Ethology 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel E. Machovsky‐Capuska
- The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Sean C. P. Coogan
- The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
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27
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Sperfeld E, Wagner ND, Halvorson HM, Malishev M, Raubenheimer D. Bridging Ecological Stoichiometry and Nutritional Geometry with homeostasis concepts and integrative models of organism nutrition. Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sperfeld
- Department of Experimental Limnology Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Alte Fischerhütte 2 OT Neuglobsow 16775 Stechlin Germany
- School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program Trent University Peterborough Ontario K9L7B8 Canada
| | - Halvor M. Halvorson
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas72701 USA
| | - Matthew Malishev
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA) School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria3010 Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales2006 Australia
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28
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Kaspari M, Powers JS. Biogeochemistry and Geographical Ecology: Embracing All Twenty-Five Elements Required to Build Organisms. Am Nat 2016; 188 Suppl 1:S62-73. [PMID: 27513911 DOI: 10.1086/687576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Biogeochemistry is a key but relatively neglected part of the abiotic template that underlies ecology. The template has a geography, one that is increasingly being rearranged in this era of global change. Justus von Liebig's law of the minimum has played a useful role in focusing attention on biogeochemical regulation of populations, but given that ∼25+ elements are required to build organisms and that these organisms use and deplete nutrients in aggregates of communities and ecosystems, we make the case that it is time to move on. We review available models that suggest the many different mechanisms that give rise to multiple elements, or colimitation. We then review recent empirical data that show that rates of decomposition and primary productivity may be limited by multiple elements. In that light, given the tropics' high species diversity and generally more weathered soils, we predict that colimitation at community and ecosystem scales is more prevalent closer to the equator. We conclude with suggestions for how to move forward with experimental studies of colimitation.
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29
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Sperfeld E, Halvorson HM, Malishev M, Clissold FJ, Wagner ND. Woodstoich III: Integrating tools of nutritional geometry and ecological stoichiometry to advance nutrient budgeting and the prediction of consumer‐driven nutrient recycling. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sperfeld
- Leibniz‐Inst. of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Dept Experimental Limnology Alte Fischerhütte 2 OT Neuglobsow DE‐16775 Stechlin Germany
- School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
| | | | - Matthew Malishev
- Centre of Excellence for Biosecurity Risk Analysis (CEBRA), School of BioSciences Univ. of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Fiona J. Clissold
- Clissold, School of Biological Sciences and The Charles Perkins Centre The Univ. of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Nicole D. Wagner
- Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program Trent University, Peterborough ON Canada
- Environmental NMR Centre and Dept of Physical and Environmental Sciences Univ. of Toronto Scarborough ON Canada
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30
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Démares FJ, Crous KL, Pirk CWW, Nicolson SW, Human H. Sucrose Sensitivity of Honey Bees Is Differently Affected by Dietary Protein and a Neonicotinoid Pesticide. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156584. [PMID: 27272274 PMCID: PMC4896446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a decade, declines in honey bee colonies have raised worldwide concerns. Several potentially contributing factors have been investigated, e.g. parasites, diseases, and pesticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides have received much attention due to their intensive use in crop protection, and their adverse effects on many levels of honey bee physiology led the European Union to ban these compounds. Due to their neuronal target, a receptor expressed throughout the insect nervous system, studies have focused mainly on neuroscience and behaviour. Through the Geometric Framework of nutrition, we investigated effects of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam on survival, food consumption and sucrose sensitivity of honey bees (Apis mellifera). Thiamethoxam did not affect protein and carbohydrate intake, but decreased responses to high concentrations of sucrose. Interestingly, when bees ate fixed unbalanced diets, dietary protein facilitated better sucrose detection. Both thiamethoxam and dietary protein influenced survival. These findings suggest that, in the presence of a pesticide and unbalanced food, honey bee health may be severely challenged. Consequences for foraging efficiency and colony activity, cornerstones of honey bee health, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien J. Démares
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kendall L. Crous
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christian W. W. Pirk
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Susan W. Nicolson
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Hannelie Human
- Social Research Insect Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
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31
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Lihoreau M, Poissonnier LA, Isabel G, Dussutour A. Drosophila females trade off good nutrition with high quality oviposition sites when choosing foods. J Exp Biol 2016; 219:2514-24. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.142257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Animals, from insects to human, select foods to regulate their acquisition of key nutrients in amounts and balances maximising fitness. In species where the nutrition of juveniles depends on parents, adults must make challenging foraging decisions that simultaneously address their own nutrient needs as well as those of the progeny. Here we examined how fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster, a species where individuals eat and lay eggs in decaying fruits, integrate feeding decisions (individual nutrition) and oviposition decisions (offspring nutrition) when foraging. Using cafeteria assays with artificial diets varying in concentrations and ratios of protein to carbohydrates, we show that Drosophila females exhibit complex foraging patterns, alternating between laying eggs on high carbohydrate foods and feeding on foods with different nutrient contents depending on their own nutritional state. Although larvae showed faster development on high protein foods, both survival and learning performances were higher on balanced foods. We suggest that the apparent mismatch between the oviposition preference of females for high carbohydrate foods and the high performances of larvae on balanced foods reflects a natural situation where high carbohydrate ripened fruits gradually enrich in proteinaceous yeast as they start rotting, thereby yielding optimal nutrition for the developing larvae. Our findings that animals with rudimentary parental care uncouple feeding and egg-laying decisions in order to balance their own diet and provide a nutritionally optimal environment to their progeny reveals unsuspected levels of complexity in the nutritional ecology of parent-offspring interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lihoreau
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Laure-Anne Poissonnier
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
- Current address: School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, 5005 12 SA, Australia
| | - Guillaume Isabel
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Audrey Dussutour
- Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA), Center for Integrative Biology (CBI), Toulouse University, CNRS, UPS, France
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Wong ACN, Holmes A, Ponton F, Lihoreau M, Wilson K, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Behavioral Microbiomics: A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Microbial Influence on Behavior. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1359. [PMID: 26640464 PMCID: PMC4661234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of microbes as a part of animal systems has historically been an under-appreciated aspect of animal life histories. Recently, evidence has emerged that microbes have wide-ranging influences on animal behavior. Elucidating the complex relationships between host–microbe interactions and behavior requires an expanded ecological perspective, involving the host, the microbiome and the environment; which, in combination, is termed the holobiont. We begin by seeking insights from the literature on host–parasite interactions, then expand to consider networks of interactions between members of the microbial community. A central aspect of the environment is host nutrition. We describe how interactions between the nutrient environment, the metabolic and behavioral responses of the host and the microbiome can be studied using an integrative framework called nutritional geometry, which integrates and maps multiple aspects of the host and microbial response in multidimensional nutrient intake spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C-N Wong
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fleur Ponton
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale , Toulouse, France ; Université Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale , Toulouse, France
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, UK
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Clissold FJ, Simpson SJ. Temperature, food quality and life history traits of herbivorous insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2015; 11:63-70. [PMID: 28285760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Population dynamics of herbivorous insects are strongly influenced by temperature and host plant quality; an interaction generally thought to be mediated via effects of temperature on metabolic rate and altered energy requirements. However, recent research suggests the relationship between nutrition, temperature, host plant quality and life history traits that influence insect fitness are more complex than appreciated to date. In the laboratory, rates of development are most strongly influenced by temperature, while growth, body composition, and reproductive output are greatly affected by nutrition, notably the uptake of protein and carbohydrate. However, individual outcomes and consequently population responses in the field are not readily predicted from data on ambient temperatures and host plant chemical composition. The relative amounts of protein and carbohydrate gained from a host plant depends on complex interactions between plant cell structure and leaf chemistry, combined with plasticity in feeding behaviour, microclimate selection, digestive and assimilative physiology. For example, grasshoppers can exploit the temperature dependence of host plant quality to maintain nutritional homeostasis. Consequently, understanding environmental interactions such as leaf defences and patterns of foraging, and predicting the effects of climate change on insect populations, will be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Clissold
- The School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- The School of Biological Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Deans CA, Sword GA, Behmer ST. Revisiting macronutrient regulation in the polyphagous herbivore Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): New insights via nutritional geometry. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 81:21-27. [PMID: 26141409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivores that ingest protein and carbohydrates in physiologically-optimal proportions and concentrations show superior performance and fitness. The first-ever study of protein-carbohydrate regulation in an insect herbivore was performed using the polyphagous agricultural pest Helicoverpa zea. In that study, experimental final instar caterpillars were presented two diets - one containing protein but no carbohydrates, the other containing carbohydrates but no protein - and allowed to self-select their protein-carbohydrate intake. The results showed that H. zea selected a diet with a protein-to-carbohydrate (p:c) ratio of 4:1. At about this same time, the geometric framework (GF) for the study of nutrition was introduced. The GF is now established as the most rigorous means to study nutrient regulation (in any animal). It has been used to study protein-carbohydrate regulation in several lepidopteran species, which exhibit a range of self-selected p:c ratios between 0.8 and 1.5. Given the economic importance of H. zea, and it is extremely protein-biased p:c ratio of 4:1 relative to those reported for other lepidopterans, we decided to revisit its protein-carbohydrate regulation. Our results, using the experimental approach of the GF, show that H. zea larvae self-select a p:c ratio of 1.6:1. This p:c ratio strongly matches that of its close relative, Heliothis virescens, and is more consistent with self-selected p:c ratios reported for other lepidopterans. Having accurate protein and carbohydrate regulation information for an insect herbivore pest such as H. zea is valuable for two reasons. First, it can be used to better understand feeding patterns in the field, which might lead to enhanced management. Second, it will allow researchers to develop rearing diets that more accurately reflect larval nutritional needs, which has important implications for resistance bioassays and other measures of physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie A Deans
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Spencer T Behmer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Program, Texas A&M University, TAMU 2475, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Baena ML, Escobar F, Halffter G, García–Chávez JH. Distribution and Feeding Behavior of Omorgus suberosus (Coleoptera: Trogidae) in Lepidochelys olivacea Turtle Nests. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139538. [PMID: 26422148 PMCID: PMC4589367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omorgus suberosus (Fabricius, 1775) has been identified as a potential predator of the eggs of the turtle Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz, 1829) on one of the main turtle nesting beaches in the world, La Escobilla in Oaxaca, Mexico. This study presents an analysis of the spatio–temporal distribution of the beetle on this beach (in areas of high and low density of L. olivacea nests over two arrival seasons) and an evaluation, under laboratory conditions, of the probability of damage to the turtle eggs by this beetle. O. suberosus adults and larvae exhibited an aggregated pattern at both turtle nest densities; however, aggregation was greater in areas of low nest density, where we found the highest proportion of damaged eggs. Also, there were fluctuations in the temporal distribution of the adult beetles following the arrival of the turtles on the beach. Under laboratory conditions, the beetles quickly damaged both dead eggs and a mixture of live and dead eggs, but were found to consume live eggs more slowly. This suggests that O. suberosus may be recycling organic material; however, its consumption of live eggs may be sufficient in some cases to interrupt the incubation period of the turtle. We intend to apply these results when making decisions regarding the L. olivacea nests on La Escobilla Beach, one of the most important sites for the conservation of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha L. Baena
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana (IIB–UV), Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Federico Escobar
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Red de Ecoetología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail:
| | - Gonzalo Halffter
- Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Red de Ecoetología, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan H. García–Chávez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Poblaciones, Escuela de Biología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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36
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Kohl KD, Coogan SCP, Raubenheimer D. Do wild carnivores forage for prey or for nutrients? Bioessays 2015; 37:701-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201400171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Kohl
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Sean C. P. Coogan
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Biological Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Faculty of Veterinary Science and School of Biological Sciences; Charles Perkins Centre; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
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Senior AM, Charleston MA, Lihoreau M, Buhl C, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Evolving nutritional strategies in the presence of competition: a geometric agent-based model. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004111. [PMID: 25815976 PMCID: PMC4376532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to nutrients is a key factor governing development, reproduction and ultimately fitness. Within social groups, contest-competition can fundamentally affect nutrient access, potentially leading to reproductive asymmetry among individuals. Previously, agent-based models have been combined with the Geometric Framework of nutrition to provide insight into how nutrition and social interactions affect one another. Here, we expand this modelling approach by incorporating evolutionary algorithms to explore how contest-competition over nutrient acquisition might affect the evolution of animal nutritional strategies. Specifically, we model tolerance of nutrient excesses and deficits when ingesting nutritionally imbalanced foods, which we term 'nutritional latitude'; a higher degree of nutritional latitude constitutes a higher tolerance of nutritional excess and deficit. Our results indicate that a transition between two alternative strategies occurs at moderate to high levels of competition. When competition is low, individuals display a low level of nutritional latitude and regularly switch foods in search of an optimum. When food is scarce and contest-competition is intense, high nutritional latitude appears optimal, and individuals continue to consume an imbalanced food for longer periods before attempting to switch to an alternative. However, the relative balance of nutrients within available foods also strongly influences at what levels of competition, if any, transitions between these two strategies occur. Our models imply that competition combined with reproductive skew in social groups can play a role in the evolution of diet breadth. We discuss how the integration of agent-based, nutritional and evolutionary modelling may be applied in future studies to further understand the evolution of nutritional strategies across social and ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair M. Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael A. Charleston
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mathieu Lihoreau
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Buhl
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide South Australia, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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38
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Zhang L, Gualberto DG, Guo X, Correa P, Jee C, Garcia LR. TMC-1 attenuates C. elegans development and sexual behaviour in a chemically defined food environment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6345. [PMID: 25695879 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although diet affects growth and behaviour, the adaptive mechanisms that coordinate these processes in non-optimal food sources are unclear. Here we show that the C. elegans tmc-1 channel, which is homologous to the mammalian tmc deafness genes, attenuates development and inhibits sexual behaviour in non-optimal food, the synthetic CeMM medium. In CeMM medium, signalling from the pharyngeal MC neurons and body wall muscles slows larval development. However, in the non-standard diet, mutation in tmc-1 accelerates development, by impairing the excitability of these cells. The tmc-1 larva can immediately generate ATP when fed CeMM, and their fast development requires insulin signalling. Our findings suggest that the tmc-1 channel indirectly affects metabolism in wild-type animals. In addition to regulating the development, we show that mutating tmc-1 can relax diet-induced inhibition of male sexual behaviour, thus indicating that a single regulator can be genetically modified to promote growth rate and reproductive success in new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liusuo Zhang
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
| | - Daisy G Gualberto
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
| | - Paola Correa
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
| | - Changhoon Jee
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
| | - L Rene Garcia
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU College Station, Texas 77843-3258, USA
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Does the stoichiometric carbon:phosphorus knife edge apply for predaceous copepods? Oecologia 2015; 178:557-69. [PMID: 25663329 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has indicated that stoichiometric food quality in terms of the carbon:phosphorus (C:P) ratio affects consumers whether the imbalance involves a deficit or an excess of nutrients; hence, organisms exist on a "stoichiometric knife edge". While previous studies have focused primarily on autotroph-herbivore trophic transfer, nutritional imbalances may also affect the interactions between species at higher trophic levels. Since the foods of carnivores are normally stoichiometrically similar to the body compositions of those carnivores, they may be more severely affected than herbivores if imbalances become pronounced. We analysed the response of the predatory copepod Parabroteas sarsi to monospecific diet treatments consisting of high and low C:P prey items. These dietary treatments strongly affected the predator's elemental composition and growth, although prey selection, excretion, egestion, and respiration rates were not affected. We suggest that, due to their low threshold elemental ratio and a narrow C:P stoichiometric knife edge, these predators are highly vulnerable to stoichiometric imbalances, whether an excess or a deficit of nutrients is involved. Our results demonstrating this high sensitivity to prey C:P ratio show that the stoichiometric knife edge may apply to not only herbivores but also higher trophic levels. Thus, predators such as P. sarsi, with a much narrower range of food quality, may also be strongly affected by fluctuations in the quality of their prey, with negative consequences for their secondary production.
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40
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Simpson SJ, Clissold FJ, Lihoreau M, Ponton F, Wilder SM, Raubenheimer D. Recent advances in the integrative nutrition of arthropods. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 60:293-311. [PMID: 25341097 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-010814-020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this review we highlight recent advances in four areas in which nutrition shapes the relationships between organisms: between plants and herbivores, between hosts and their microbiota, between individuals within groups and societies, and between species within food webs. We demonstrate that taking an explicitly multidimensional view of nutrition and employing the logic of the geometric framework for nutrition provide novel insights and offer a means of integration across different levels of organization, from individuals to ecosystems.
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41
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Dell AI, Zhao L, Brose U, Pearson RG, Alford RA. Population and Community Body Size Structure Across a Complex Environmental Gradient. ADV ECOL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
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42
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Stalenberg E, Wallis IR, Cunningham RB, Allen C, Foley WJ. Nutritional correlates of koala persistence in a low-density population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113930. [PMID: 25470599 PMCID: PMC4254974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely postulated that nutritional factors drive bottom-up, resource-based patterns in herbivore ecology and distribution. There is, however, much controversy over the roles of different plant constituents and how these influence individual herbivores and herbivore populations. The density of koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) populations varies widely and many attribute population trends to variation in the nutritional quality of the eucalypt leaves of their diet, but there is little evidence to support this hypothesis. We used a nested design that involved sampling of trees at two spatial scales to investigate how leaf chemistry influences free-living koalas from a low-density population in south east New South Wales, Australia. Using koala faecal pellets as a proxy for koala visitation to trees, we found an interaction between toxins and nutrients in leaves at a small spatial scale, whereby koalas preferred trees with leaves of higher concentrations of available nitrogen but lower concentrations of sideroxylonals (secondary metabolites found exclusively in eucalypts) compared to neighbouring trees of the same species. We argue that taxonomic and phenotypic diversity is likely to be important when foraging in habitats of low nutritional quality in providing diet choice to tradeoff nutrients and toxins and minimise movement costs. Our findings suggest that immediate nutritional concerns are an important priority of folivores in low-quality habitats and imply that nutritional limitations play an important role in constraining folivore populations. We show that, with a careful experimental design, it is possible to make inferences about populations of herbivores that exist at extremely low densities and thus achieve a better understanding about how plant composition influences herbivore ecology and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Stalenberg
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ian R. Wallis
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ross B. Cunningham
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Chris Allen
- National Parks and Wildlife Service, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Far South Coast, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William J. Foley
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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43
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Diet of the feral cat, Felis catus, in central Australian grassland habitats during population cycles of its principal prey. MAMMAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-014-0208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Geometry of nutrition in field studies: an illustration using wild primates. Oecologia 2014; 177:223-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Lihoreau M, Buhl C, Charleston MA, Sword GA, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ. Modelling nutrition across organizational levels: from individuals to superorganisms. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 69:2-11. [PMID: 24681322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Geometric Framework for nutrition has been increasingly used to describe how individual animals regulate their intake of multiple nutrients to maintain target physiological states maximizing growth and reproduction. However, only a few studies have considered the potential influences of the social context in which these nutritional decisions are made. Social insects, for instance, have evolved extreme levels of nutritional interdependence in which food collection, processing, storage and disposal are performed by different individuals with different nutritional needs. These social interactions considerably complicate nutrition and raise the question of how nutrient regulation is achieved at multiple organizational levels, by individuals and groups. Here, we explore the connections between individual- and collective-level nutrition by developing a modelling framework integrating concepts of nutritional geometry into individual-based models. Using this approach, we investigate how simple nutritional interactions between individuals can mediate a range of emergent collective-level phenomena in social arthropods (insects and spiders) and provide examples of novel and empirically testable predictions. We discuss how our approach could be expanded to a wider range of species and social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lihoreau
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse 31062, France; Université de Toulouse (UPS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Toulouse 31062, France.
| | - Camille Buhl
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael A Charleston
- School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Interdisciplinary Faculty of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843-2475, USA
| | - David Raubenheimer
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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46
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Lenhart PA, Eubanks MD, Behmer ST. Water stress in grasslands: dynamic responses of plants and insect herbivores. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Lenhart
- Dept of Entomology; Texas A&M Univ.; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Micky D. Eubanks
- Dept of Entomology; Texas A&M Univ.; College Station TX 77843 USA
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47
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Warne RW. The Micro and Macro of Nutrients across Biological Scales. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:864-72. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dell AI, Bender JA, Branson K, Couzin ID, de Polavieja GG, Noldus LPJJ, Pérez-Escudero A, Perona P, Straw AD, Wikelski M, Brose U. Automated image-based tracking and its application in ecology. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:417-28. [PMID: 24908439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of individuals determines the strength and outcome of ecological interactions, which drive population, community, and ecosystem organization. Bio-logging, such as telemetry and animal-borne imaging, provides essential individual viewpoints, tracks, and life histories, but requires capture of individuals and is often impractical to scale. Recent developments in automated image-based tracking offers opportunities to remotely quantify and understand individual behavior at scales and resolutions not previously possible, providing an essential supplement to other tracking methodologies in ecology. Automated image-based tracking should continue to advance the field of ecology by enabling better understanding of the linkages between individual and higher-level ecological processes, via high-throughput quantitative analysis of complex ecological patterns and processes across scales, including analysis of environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Dell
- Systemic Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | | | - Kristin Branson
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Iain D Couzin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lucas P J J Noldus
- Noldus Information Technology BV, Nieuwe Kanaal 5, 6709 PA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pietro Perona
- Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Straw
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany; Biology Department, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- Systemic Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Wehi PM, Raubenheimer D, Morgan-Richards M. Tolerance for nutrient imbalance in an intermittently feeding herbivorous cricket, the Wellington tree weta. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84641. [PMID: 24358369 PMCID: PMC3866171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms that regulate nutrient intake have an advantage over those that do not, given that the nutrient composition of any one resource rarely matches optimal nutrient requirements. We used nutritional geometry to model protein and carbohydrate intake and identify an intake target for a sexually dimorphic species, the Wellington tree weta (Hemideina crassidens). Despite pronounced sexual dimorphism in this large generalist herbivorous insect, intake targets did not differ by sex. In a series of laboratory experiments, we then investigated whether tree weta demonstrate compensatory responses for enforced periods of imbalanced nutrient intake. Weta pre-fed high or low carbohydrate: protein diets showed large variation in compensatory nutrient intake over short (<48 h) time periods when provided with a choice. Individuals did not strongly defend nutrient targets, although there was some evidence for weak regulation. Many weta tended to select high and low protein foods in a ratio similar to their previously identified nutrient optimum. These results suggest that weta have a wide tolerance to nutritional imbalance, and that the time scale of weta nutrient balancing could lie outside of the short time span tested here. A wide tolerance to imbalance is consistent with the intermittent feeding displayed in the wild by weta and may be important in understanding weta foraging patterns in New Zealand forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M. Wehi
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Massey University, North Shore, Auckland, New Zealand
- The Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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50
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Wang C, Yolitz J, Alberico T, Laslo M, Sun Y, Wheeler CT, Sun X, Zou S. Cranberry interacts with dietary macronutrients to promote healthy aging in Drosophila. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:945-54. [PMID: 24149429 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanicals possess numerous bioactivities, and some promote healthy aging. Dietary macronutrients are major determinants of life span. The interaction between botanicals and macronutrients that modulates life span is not well understood. Here, we investigated the effect of a cranberry-containing botanical on life span and the influence of macronutrients on the longevity-related effect of cranberry in Drosophila. Flies were supplemented with cranberry on three dietary conditions: standard, high sugar-low protein, and low sugar-high protein diets. We found that cranberry slightly extended life span in males fed with the low sugar-high protein diet but not with other diets. Cranberry extended life span in females fed with the standard diet and more prominently the high sugar-low protein diet but not with the low sugar-high protein diet. Life-span extension was associated with increased reproduction and higher expression of oxidative stress and heat shock response genes. Moreover, cranberry improved survival of sod1 knockdown and dfoxo mutant flies but did not increase wild-type fly's resistance to acute oxidative stress. Cranberry slightly extended life span in flies fed with a high-fat diet. These findings suggest that cranberry promotes healthy aging by increasing stress responsiveness. Our study reveals an interaction of cranberry with dietary macronutrients and stresses the importance of considering diet composition in designing interventions for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Wang
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Yolitz
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Alberico
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mara Laslo
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yaning Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles T Wheeler
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sige Zou
- Functional Genomics Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
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