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Hou JF, Nayeem MOG, Caplan KA, Ruesch EA, Caban-Murillo A, Criado-Hidalgo E, Ornellas SB, Williams B, Pearce AA, Dagdeviren HE, Surets M, White JA, Shapiro MG, Wang F, Ramirez S, Dagdeviren C. An implantable piezoelectric ultrasound stimulator (ImPULS) for deep brain activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4601. [PMID: 38834558 PMCID: PMC11150473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise neurostimulation can revolutionize therapies for neurological disorders. Electrode-based stimulation devices face challenges in achieving precise and consistent targeting due to the immune response and the limited penetration of electrical fields. Ultrasound can aid in energy propagation, but transcranial ultrasound stimulation in the deep brain has limited spatial resolution caused by bone and tissue scattering. Here, we report an implantable piezoelectric ultrasound stimulator (ImPULS) that generates an ultrasonic focal pressure of 100 kPa to modulate the activity of neurons. ImPULS is a fully-encapsulated, flexible piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer that incorporates a biocompatible piezoceramic, potassium sodium niobate [(K,Na)NbO3]. The absence of electrochemically active elements poses a new strategy for achieving long-term stability. We demonstrated that ImPULS can i) excite neurons in a mouse hippocampal slice ex vivo, ii) activate cells in the hippocampus of an anesthetized mouse to induce expression of activity-dependent gene c-Fos, and iii) stimulate dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta to elicit time-locked modulation of nigrostriatal dopamine release. This work introduces a non-genetic ultrasound platform for spatially-localized neural stimulation and exploration of basic functions in the deep brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason F Hou
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Kian A Caplan
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Evan A Ruesch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Albit Caban-Murillo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sarah B Ornellas
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Brandon Williams
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ayeilla A Pearce
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huseyin E Dagdeviren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34093, Turkey
| | - Michelle Surets
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - John A White
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steve Ramirez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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2
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Merouani S, Dehane A, Hamdaoui O, Yasui K, Ashokkumar M. Review on the impacts of external pressure on sonochemistry. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 106:106893. [PMID: 38705083 PMCID: PMC11074972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The impact of hydrostatic pressure, commonly known as ambient or external pressure, on the phenomenon of sonochemistry and/or sonoluminescence has been extensively investigated through a multitude of experimental and computational studies, all of which have emphasized the crucial role played by this particular parameter. Numerous previous studies have successfully demonstrated the existence of an optimal static pressure for the occurrence of sonoluminescence and multi-bubble or single-bubble sonochemistry. However, despite these findings, a universally accepted value for this critical pressure has not yet been established. In addition, it has been found that the cavitation effect is completely inhibited when the static pressure is either too high or too low. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the primary experimental results and elucidate their significance in relation to hydrostatic pressure. We will then conduct an analysis of numerical calculations, focusing specifically on the influence of external pressure on single bubble sonochemistry. By delving into these calculations, we will be able to gain a deeper understanding of the experimental results and effectively interpret their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimane Merouani
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, P.O. Box 72, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Aissa Dehane
- Laboratory of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, University Constantine 3 Salah Boubnider, P.O. Box 72, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Oualid Hamdaoui
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, 11421 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kyuichi Yasui
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2266-98 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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3
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Zhang H, Du M, Hu H, Zhang H, Song N. A Review of Ultrasonic Treatment in Mineral Flotation: Mechanism and Recent Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1984. [PMID: 38731475 PMCID: PMC11085708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonic treatment has been widely used in the mineral flotation process due to its advantages in terms of operational simplicity, no secondary pollutant formation, and safety. Currently, many studies have reported the effect of ultrasonic treatment on mineral flotation and shown excellent flotation performance. In this review, the ultrasonic mechanisms are classified into three types: the transient cavitation effect, stable cavitation effect, and acoustic radiation force effect. The effect of the main ultrasonic parameters, including ultrasonic power and ultrasonic frequency, on mineral flotation are discussed. This review highlights the uses of the application of ultrasonic treatment in minerals (such as the cleaning effect, ultrasonic corrosion, and desulfuration), flotation agents (such as dispersion and emulsification and change in properties and microstructure of pharmaceutical solution), and slurry (such formation of microbubbles and coalescence). Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and prospects of using ultrasonic approaches for mineral flotation. The findings demonstrate that the application of the ultrasonic effect yields diverse impacts on flotation, thereby enabling the regulation of flotation behavior through various treatment methods to enhance flotation indices and achieve the desired objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Mingming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering (SKLMF), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Haijie Hu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technology of Oilfields, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Hongli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
| | - Naijian Song
- College of Chemistry and Material, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China; (H.Z.); (N.S.)
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4
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Song K, Liu Y, Umar A, Ma H, Wang H. Ultrasonic cavitation: Tackling organic pollutants in wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141024. [PMID: 38147929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution and energy shortages are global issues that significantly impact human progress. Multiple methods have been proposed for treating industrial and dyes containing wastewater. Ultrasonic degradation has emerged as a promising and innovative technology for organic pollutant degradation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the factors affecting ultrasonic degradation and thoroughly examines the technique of acoustic cavitation. Furthermore, this study summarizes the fundamental theories and mechanisms underlying cavitation, emphasizing its efficacy in the remediation of various water pollutants. Furthermore, potential synergies between ultrasonic cavitation and other commonly used technologies are also explored. Potential challenges are identified and future directions for the development of ultrasonic degradation and ultrasonic cavitation technologies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Song
- School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, And Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Hailing Ma
- School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Hongxu Wang
- School of Engineering and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
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5
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Zang Y. Radial and translational motions of a gas bubble in a Gaussian standing wave field. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106712. [PMID: 38056087 PMCID: PMC10746565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic waves with a finite beam width are widely used in acoustic manipulation and cavitation applications. In view of this, radial oscillation and translational motion of a gas bubble in a Gaussian standing wave field are studied in this work. Dynamic differential equations for the bubble are derived with the axial and transverse motions coupled with each other. A comprehensive numerical study is also carried out in the parameter space of the driving frequency, pressure amplitude, initial coordinate, off-axial distance and beam waist. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear radial oscillation can be intensified by a higher pressure amplitude and a smaller off-axial distance. Whether the driving frequency is much lower than the resonance frequency determines not only the final equilibrium position but also the direction of translational motion for the gas bubble. With the widening of the Gaussian standing wave, the radial oscillation will be weakened and the translational motion will be slowed down due to reduction of the pressure gradient regardless of the driving frequency. The results obtained in this study is of interest for an understanding of the bubble dynamics in non-plane acoustic wave fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zang
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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6
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Choi J, Yoon S, Son Y. Effects of alcohols and dissolved gases on sonochemical generation of hydrogen in a 300 kHz sonoreactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106660. [PMID: 37924613 PMCID: PMC10656218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical generation of hydrogen (H2) was investigated using various water/alcohol solutions under argon (Ar) 100 % in a 300 kHz sonoreactor. Five types of alcohols-methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol-were used at various concentrations (0 - 100 % v/v). The H2 generation rate in water was 0.31 μmol/min in the absence of alcohols. The H2 generation rate increased, peaked, and then decreased as the alcohol concentration increased. The concentrations used for the peak H2 generation were 5 %, 1 %, 0.5 %, 0.5 %, and 0.1 % for methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol, respectively. The highest generation rate (5.46 μmol/min) was obtained for methanol 5 % among all conditions in this study, and no H2 was detected for 100 % alcohol concentrations. The reason for the enhancement of the sonochemical H2 generation by the addition of alcohols might be due to strong scavenging effect of alcohols for sonochemically generated oxidizing radicals and vigorous reactions of alcohol molecules and their derivatives with H radicals. No significant correlations were found between the H2 generation rates and physicochemical properties of the alcohols in any of the data in this study. As alcohol concentration increased, the calorimetric power decreased. This indicates that the calorimetric power does not represent the degree of sonochemical reactions in the water/alcohol mixtures. The effect of oxygen (O2) content in the dissolved gases on the generation of H2O2 (representing sonochemical oxidation activity) and H2 (representing sonochemical reduction activity) was investigated using Ar/O2 mixtures for water, methanol 5 % and n-propanol 0.5 %. In water, the highest H2O2 generation was obtained for Ar/O2 (50:50), which is similar to previous research results. However, the H2O2 generation increased as the O2 content increased. In addition, H2 generation decreased as the O2 content increased under all liquid conditions (water, methanol, and n-propanol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokho Yoon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Manickam S, Camilla Boffito D, Flores EMM, Leveque JM, Pflieger R, Pollet BG, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonics and sonochemistry: Editors' perspective. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106540. [PMID: 37542752 PMCID: PMC10430610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic waves can induce physical and chemical changes in liquid media via acoustic cavitation. Various applications have benefitted from utilizing these effects, including but not limited to the synthesis of functional materials, emulsification, cleaning, and processing. Several books and review articles in the public domain cover both fundamental and applied aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry. The Editors of the Ultrasonics Sonochemistry journal possess diverse expertise in this field, from theoretical and experimental aspects of acoustic cavitation to materials synthesis, environmental remediation, and sonoprocessing. This article provides Editors' perspectives on various aspects of ultrasonics and sonochemistry that may benefit students and early career researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Manickam
- University of Technology Brunei, Faculty of Engineering, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam.
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Leveque
- University Savoie Mont Blanc, Department of Sciences and Mountain Training, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Rachel Pflieger
- Université Montpellier, Marcoule Institute in Separation Chemistry (ICSM), Marcoule, France
| | - Bruno G Pollet
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada
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8
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Li W, Yao H, Ding Z, Zhou Y, Wei P, Yue J, Su W, Zhu W. Cavitation Erosion Prevention Using Laser Shock Peening: Development of a Predictive Evaluation System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5096. [PMID: 37512368 PMCID: PMC10383491 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Marine flow-passing components are susceptible to cavitation erosion (CE), and researchers have worked to find ways to reduce its effects. Laser Shock Peening (LSP), a material strengthening method, has been widely used in aerospace and other cutting-edge fields. In recent years, LSP has been used in cavitation resistance research. However, the current LSP research does not realize a comprehensive predictive assessment of the material's CE resistance. This paper uses m stresses to develop a comprehensive set of strengthening effect prediction models from LSP to CE using finite element analysis (FEA). Results show that the LSP-1 sample (4 mm spot, 10 J energy) introduced a compressive residual stress value of 37.4 MPa, better than that of 16.6 MPa with the LSP-2 sample (6 mm spot, 10 J energy), which is generally consistent with the experimental findings; the model predicts a 16.35% improvement in the resistance of LSP-1 sample to water jet damage, which is comparable to the experimental result of 14.02%; additionally, interactions between micro-jets do not predominate the cavitation erosion process and the final CE effect of the material is mainly due to the accumulation of jet-material interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Hongbing Yao
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Zhipeng Ding
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yuanhang Zhou
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Pengyu Wei
- China Ship Scientific Research Center, Wuxi 214082, China
| | - Jiang Yue
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Weihua Zhu
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
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9
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Lee S, Son Y. Effects of gas saturation and sparging on sonochemical oxidation activity under different liquid level and volume conditions in 300-kHz sonoreactors: Zeroth- and first-order reaction comparison using KI dosimetry and BPA degradation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106521. [PMID: 37473616 PMCID: PMC10371822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical oxidation activity was investigated for gas saturation and gas sparging under various liquid levels and volumes in 300 kHz sonoreactors. The liquid levels and volumes ranged from 5λ (25 mm, 0.47 L) to 50λ (250 mm, 4.30 L) and two gas mixtures, Ar:O2 (75:25) and N2:O2 (75:25), were used. Two types of reaction kinetics were observed to quantitatively analyze the sonochemical oxidation reactions: zero-order (KI dosimetry: C0 = 60.2 mM) and first-order (Bisphenol A (BPA) degradation: C0 = 0.043 mM). The masses of the sonochemical oxidation reactions were calculated and compared rather than the concentrations to more accurately compare the sonochemical oxidation activity under different liquid volume conditions. First, as the liquid level or volume increased for the zero-order reactions, the concentration of I3- ions representing the volume-averaged activity decreased substantially for gas saturation owing to the increase in liquid volume. However, gas sparging substantially enhanced sonochemical oxidation activity, and the mass of I3- ions representing the total activity remained constant as the liquid level increased from 20λ because of the improved liquid mixing and a shift in the sonochemical active zone. Second, as evidenced by the zero-order reactions, the concentration of BPA decreased considerably as the liquid level or volume increased in the first-order reactions. When gas sparging was used, higher reaction constants were obtained for both gas mixtures, ranging from 40λ to 50λ. However, a comparison of the sonochemical oxidation activity in terms of the degraded mass of BPA was inapplicable as the concentration of BPA decreased substantially and a lack of reactants occurred for the lower liquid level and volume conditions as the irradiation time elapsed. Instead, using the first-order reaction constant, a comparison of the required reaction times for a specific removal efficiency (30%, 60%, and 90%) was proposed. Gas sparging can substantially reduce the reaction time required for a liquid level of 40λ or higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongeun Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Yu CC, Shah A, Amiri N, Marcus C, Nayeem MOG, Bhayadia AK, Karami A, Dagdeviren C. A Conformable Ultrasound Patch for Cavitation-Enhanced Transdermal Cosmeceutical Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300066. [PMID: 36934314 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increased consumer interest in healthy-looking skin demands a safe and effective method to increase transdermal absorption of innovative therapeutic cosmeceuticals. However, permeation of small-molecule drugs is limited by the innate barrier function of the stratum corneum. Here, a conformable ultrasound patch (cUSP) that enhances transdermal transport of niacinamide by inducing intermediate-frequency sonophoresis in the fluid coupling medium between the patch and the skin is reported. The cUSP consists of piezoelectric transducers embedded in a soft elastomer to create localized cavitation pockets (0.8 cm2 , 1 mm deep) over larger areas of conformal contact (20 cm2 ). Multiphysics simulation models, acoustic spectrum analysis, and high-speed videography are used to characterize transducer deflection, acoustic pressure fields, and resulting cavitation bubble dynamics in the coupling medium. The final system demonstrates a 26.2-fold enhancement in niacinamide transport in a porcine model in vitro with a 10 min ultrasound application, demonstrating the suitability of the device for short-exposure, large-area application of sonophoresis for patients and consumers suffering from skin conditions and premature skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Yu
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aastha Shah
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nikta Amiri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Colin Marcus
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Amit Kumar Bhayadia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Amin Karami
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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11
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Choi J, Son Y. Effect of dissolved gases on sonochemical oxidation in a 20 kHz probe system: Continuous monitoring of dissolved oxygen concentration and sonochemical oxidation activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 97:106452. [PMID: 37245263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved gases have a substantial influence on acoustic cavitation and sonochemical oxidation reactions. Little research on the changes in dissolved gases and the resultant changes in sonochemical oxidation has been reported, and most studies have focused only on the initial dissolved gas conditions. In this study, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was measured continuously during ultrasonic irradiation using an optical sensor in different gas modes (saturation/open, saturation/closed, and sparging/closed modes). Simultaneously, the resulting changes in sonochemical oxidation were quantified using KI dosimetry. In the saturation/open mode using five gas conditions of Ar and O2, the DO concentration decreased rapidly when O2 was present because of active gas exchange with the atmosphere, and the DO concentration increased when 100% Ar was used. As a result, the order of the zero-order reaction constant for the first 10 min (k0-10) decreased in the order Ar:O2 (75:25) > 100% Ar ≈ Ar:O2 (50:50) > Ar:O2 (25:75) > 100% O2, whereas that during the last 10 min (k20-30) when the DO concentration was relatively stable, decreased in the order 100% Ar > Ar:O2 (75:25) > Ar:O2 (50:50) ≈ Ar:O2 (20:75) > 100% O2. In the saturation/closed mode, the DO concentration decreased to approximately 70-80% of the initial level because of ultrasonic degassing, and there was no influence of gases other than Ar and O2. Consequently, k0-10 and k20-30 decreased in the order Ar:O2 (75:25) > Ar:O2 (50:50) > Ar:O2 (25:75) > 100% Ar > 100% O2. In the sparging/closed mode, the DO concentration was maintained at approximately 90% of the initial level because of the more active gas adsorption induced by gas sparging, and the values of k0-10 and k20-30 were almost the same as those in the saturation/closed mode. In the saturation/open and sparging/closed modes, the Ar:O2 (75:25) condition was most favorable for enhancing sonochemical oxidation. However, a comparison of k0-10 and k20-30 indicated that there would be an optimal dissolved gas condition that was different from the initial gas condition. In addition, the mass-transfer and ultrasonic-degassing coefficients were calculated using changes in the DO concentration in the three modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lascaud J, Parodi K. On the potential biological impact of radiation-induced acoustic emissions during ultra-high dose rate electron radiotherapy: a preliminary study. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36749987 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acb9ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation pulses delivered at ultra-high dose rates in emerging FLASH radiotherapy can result in high-intensity low-frequency thermoacoustic emissions that may have a biological impact. This study aims at providing insights into the thermoacoustic emissions expected during FLASH radiotherapy and their likelihood of inducing acoustic cavitation. The characteristics of acoustic waves induced by the energy deposition of a pulsed electron beam similar to previous pre-clinical FLASH radiotherapy studies and their propagation in murine head-like phantoms are investigated in-silico. The results show that the generated pressures are sufficient to produce acoustic cavitation due to resonance in the irradiated object. It suggests that thermoacoustics may, in some irradiation scenarios, contribute to the widely misunderstood FLASH effect or cause adverse effects if not taken into account at the treatment planning stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lascaud
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katia Parodi
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Geng Z, Zhou L, Zhang L, Hu J. Controllable emulsification by dissolved gas in water: Formation and stability of surfactant-free oil nanodroplets. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Wang M, Wang X, Liu B, Lang C, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang X. Synthesis of Ciprofloxacin-capped Gold Nanoparticles Conjugates with Enhanced Sonodynamic Antimicrobial Activity in vitro. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:336-343. [PMID: 35948155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to discuss whether gold nanoparticles (GNPs) play an auxo-action on ciprofloxacin (CIP)-mediated sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT) in vitro. The measuring criterion of SACT, bactericidal efficiency, was measured by plate colony-counting methods. According to research findings, the duration of ultrasound (US) exposure, solution temperature and CIP:GNPs concentration were all critical influencing factors of SACT. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the group of CIP:GNPs combined with US showed the most severe damaged effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, resulting in the loss of their typical microbial morphology and the disclosure of contents. Therefore, the above experimental results confirmed initially that GNPs could enhance the bacteriostasis of CIP-mediated SACT. And the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays proved that this acceleration might be connected to the ROS generated through the ultrasonic mechanics. In conclusion, GNPs would be regarded as a promising auxiliary material for SACT, since they are both used to be the medication carriers and sonosensitizer accelerants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Chenyu Lang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, China.
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15
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Son Y, Choi J. Effects of gas saturation and sparging on sonochemical oxidation activity in open and closed systems, part II: NO 2-/NO 3- generation and a brief critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106250. [PMID: 36459904 PMCID: PMC9712769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The sonochemical generation of NO2- and NO3- is considered to be one of the reasons for the low sonochemical oxidation activity in the presence of N2 in the liquid phase. In this study, the generation characteristics of NO2- and NO3- were investigated using the same 28 kHz sonoreactor and the 12 gas conditions used in Part I of this study. Three gas modes, saturation/closed, saturation/open, and sparging/closed, were applied. N2:Ar (25:75), N2:Ar (50:50), and O2:N2 (25:75) in the saturation/closed mode generated the three highest values of NO2- and NO3-. Ar and O2 were vital for generating relatively large concentrations of NO2- and NO3-. The absorption of N2 from the air resulted in high generation of NO2- and NO3- for Ar 100 % and Ar/O2 mixtures under the saturation/open mode. In addition, gas sparging enhanced the generation of NO2- and NO3- for N2:Ar (25:75), O2:N2 (25:75), and N2 significantly because of the change in the sonochemically active zone and the increase in the mixing intensity in the liquid phase, as discussed in Part I. The ratio of NO3- to NO2- was calculated using their final concentrations, and a ratio higher than 1 was obtained for the condition of Ar 100 %, Ar/O2 mixtures, and O2 100 %, wherein a relatively high oxidation activity was detected. From a summary of the results and findings of previous studies, it was revealed that the observations of NO2- + NO3- could be more appropriate for investigating the NO2- and NO3- generation characteristics. In addition, H2O2/NO2-/NO3- related activity rather than H2O2 activity was suggested to quantify the OH radical activity more appropriately in the presence of N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
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16
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Son Y, Seo J. Effects of gas saturation and sparging on sonochemical oxidation activity in open and closed systems, Part I: H 2O 2 generation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106214. [PMID: 36327919 PMCID: PMC9636189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cavitational/sonochemical activity can be significantly enhanced or reduced depending on the gases dissolved in the liquid. Although many researchers have suggested the order of importance of dissolved gas conditions that affect the degree of sonoluminescence (SL), sonochemiluminescence (SCL), and compound degradation, the most suitable gas condition for sonochemical oxidation reactions is currently unknown. In this study (Part I), the effects of gas saturation and sparging on the generation of H2O2 were investigated in a 28-kHz sonoreactor system. Four gas modes, saturation/closed, saturation/open, sparging/closed, and sparging/open, were applied to Ar, O2, N2, and binary gas mixtures. The change in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration during ultrasonic irradiation was measured and was used as an indicator of whether the gaseous exchange between liquid and air altered the gas content of the liquid. Considerable difference in the DO concentration was observed for the gas saturation/open mode, ranging from -11.5 mg/L (O2 100 %) to +4.3 mg/L (N2 100 %), while no significant difference was observed in the other gas modes. The change in the gas content significantly reduced the linearity for H2O2 generation, which followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics, and either positively or negatively affected H2O2 generation. Ar:O2 (75:25) and Ar:O2 (50:50) resulted in the highest and second-highest H2O2 generation for both gas saturation and sparging, respectively. In addition, gas sparging resulted in much higher H2O2 generation for all gas conditions compared to gas saturation; this was because of the significant change in the cavitational active zone and concentrated ultrasonic energy, which formed a bulb-shaped active zone, especially for the Ar/O2 mixtures adjacent to the transducer at the bottom. The sparging flow rate and position also significantly affected H2O2 generation; the highest H2O2 generation was obtained when the sparger was placed at the bottom adjacent to the transducer, with a flow rate of 3 L/min. In Part II, the generation of nitrogen oxides, including nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), was investigated using the same ultrasonic system with three gas modes: saturation/open, saturation/closed, and sparging/closed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jieun Seo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Environment Research Division, Gyeongsangbuk-do Government Public Institute of Health & Environment, Yeongcheon 38874, Republic of Korea
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17
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De-Nasri SJ, Sarvothaman VP, Nagarajan S, Manesiotis P, Robertson PKJ, Ranade VV. Quantifying OH radical generation in hydrodynamic cavitation via coumarin dosimetry: Influence of operating parameters and cavitation devices. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106207. [PMID: 36335794 PMCID: PMC9641053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been extensively investigated for effluent treatment applications. Performance of HC devices or processes is often reported in terms of degradation of organic pollutants rather than quantification of hydroxyl (OH) radicals. In this study, generation of OH radicals in vortex based cavitation device using coumarin dosimetry was quantified. Coumarin was used as the chemical probe with an initial concentration of 100 µM (15 ppm). Generation of OH radicals was quantified by analysing generated single hydroxylated products. The influence of operating parameters such as pH and type of acid used to adjust pH, dissolved oxygen, and inlet and outlet pressures was investigated. Acidic pH was found to be more conducive for generating OH radicals and therefore subsequent experiments were performed at pH of 3. Sulphuric acid was found to be more than three times effective than hydrochloric acid in generating OH radicals. Effect of initial levels of dissolved oxygen was found to influence OH radical generation. Performance of vortex based cavitation device was then compared with other commonly used cavitation devices based on orifice and venturi. The vortex based cavitation device was found to outperform the orifice and venturi based devices in terms of initial per-pass factor. Influence of device scale (nominal flow rate through the device) on performance was then evaluated. The results presented for these devices unambiguously quantifies their cavitational performance. The presented results will be useful for evaluating computational models and stimulate further development of predictive computational models in this challenging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien J De-Nasri
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Varaha P Sarvothaman
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Sanjay Nagarajan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; Sustainable Environment Research Centre, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK
| | - Panagiotis Manesiotis
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Peter K J Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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18
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Zhou B, Lian Q, Jin C, Lu J, Xu L, Gong X, Zhou P. Human clinical trial using diagnostic ultrasound and microbubbles to enhance neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HER2- negative breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992774. [PMID: 36338760 PMCID: PMC9630359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that diagnostic ultrasound combined with microbubbles (USMB) can enhance tumor chemotherapy, but few clinical studies have explored the effect of USMB in human HER2-negative breast cancer. We aimed to compare USMB combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with NAC alone in the treatment of human HER2-negative breast cancer. Methods Patients (n=10) enrolled in the study were treated with TAC (taxane – (docetaxel), anthracycline – (epirubicin or doxorubicin liposomes), and cyclophosphamide) and ultrasound using a commercial clinical ultrasound scanner for 20 min after each chemotherapy session, followed by intermittent injections of SonoVue® to induce sonoporation and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to record tumor perfusion before and after ultrasound treatment. Results After completion of chemotherapy, the maximum tumor diameter of patients in the combined treatment group (n=10) was significantly smaller than that in the control group (n=16) (p=0.017). Although the combined treatment group had higher overall response and clinical benefit rates than those in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in RECIST between the combined treatment group and the control groups (p=0.590). More patients in the combination therapy group achieved pathologic complete response than in the control group (p=0.014). For combined treatment, CEUS revealed that the peak intensity, mean transit time, and area under the curve were higher after treatment than before treatment (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively). Combined therapy did not cause additional toxicity or increase side effects. Conclusion USMB and chemotherapy can be combined in a clinical setting using commercially available equipment, without additional toxicity, and may improve the efficacy of NAC in HER2-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqiang Zhou
- Department of Geriatric & Spinal Pain Multi-Department Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingshu Lian
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunchun Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianghao Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuehao Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehao Gong, ; Peng Zhou,
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehao Gong, ; Peng Zhou,
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19
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Peng K, Qin FGF, Jiang R, Qu W, Wang Q. Production and dispersion of free radicals from transient cavitation Bubbles: An integrated numerical scheme and applications. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 88:106067. [PMID: 35751936 PMCID: PMC9234711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
As an advanced oxidation process with a wide range of applications, sonochemistry relies on acoustic cavitation to induce free radicals for degrading chemical contaminants. The complete process includes two critical steps: the radical production inside the cavitation bubble, and the ensuing dispersion of these radicals into the bulk solution. To grasp the physicochemical details in this process, we developed an integrated numerical scheme with the ability to quantitatively describe the radical production-dispersion behavior. It employs coupled simulations of bubble dynamics, intracavity chemical reactions, and diffusion-reaction-dominated mass transport in aqueous solutions. Applying this method to the typical case of argon and oxygen bubbles, the production mechanism for the main radicals is revealed. Moreover, the temporal-spatial distribution of the radicals in the liquid phase is presented. The results demonstrate that the enhanced radical production observed in oxygen bubbles can be traced to the initiation reaction O2 + H2O → OH+HO2, which requires relatively low activation energy. In the outside liquid region, the dispersion of radicals is limited by robust recombination reactions. The simulated penetration depth of OH is around 0.2 μm and agrees with reported experimental measurements. The proposed numerical approach can be employed to better capture the radical activity and is instrumental in optimizing the engineering application of sonochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Frank G F Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Runhua Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wanjun Qu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Qianxi Wang
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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20
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Wei Q, Yao J, Chen R, Yang S, Tang Y, Ma X. Low-frequency ultrasound and nitrogen limitation induced enhancement in biomass production and lipid accumulation of Tetradesmus obliquus FACHB-12. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127387. [PMID: 35636673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The two-stage cultivation strategy was optimized in this study to simultaneously promote the growth and lipid accumulation of Tetradesmus obliquus. Results showed that the optimal dual-stress conditions were nitrogen concentration at 25 mg N·L-1 and low-frequency ultrasound at 200 Watt, 1 min, and 8 h interval. The biomass and lipid content of Tetradesmus obliquus were increased by 32.1% and 44.5%, respectively, comparing to the control, and the lipid productivity reached 86.97 mg-1·L-1·d-1 at the end of the cultivation period. The protein and photosynthetic pigment contents of microalgae decreased by 22.4% and 14.0% under dual stress comparing to the control environment. In addition, dual stress cultivation of microalgae presented higher level of antioxidant capacity to balance to oxidation level in microalgal cells. This study provides a new insight for microalgae growth and lipid accumulation with dual stress stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Jinjie Yao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Ruge Chen
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Shangru Yang
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yonghe Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xiangmeng Ma
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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21
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Podbevšek D, Ledoux G, Dular M. Investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation induced reactive oxygen species production in microchannels via chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118628. [PMID: 35640501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation was evaluated for its reactive oxygen species production in several convergent-divergent microchannel at the transition from micro to milli scale. Channel widths and heights were systematically varied to study the influence of geometrical parameters at the transitory scale. A photomultiplier tube was used for time-resolved photon detection and monitoring of the chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions, allowing for a contactless and in situ quantization of reactive oxygen species production in the channels. The radical production rates at various flow parameters were evaluated, showing an optimal yield per flow rate exists in the observed geometrical range. While cavitation cloud shedding was the prevailing regime in this type of channels, the photon arrival time analysis allowed for an investigation of the cavitation structure dynamics and their contribution to the chemical yield, revealing that radical production is not linked to the synchronous cavitation cloud collapse events. Instead, individual bubble collapses occurring throughout the cloud formation were recognized to be the source of the reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Cai B, Mazahreh J, Ma Q, Wang F, Hu X. Ultrasound-assisted fabrication of biopolymer materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:1613-1628. [PMID: 35452704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop technologies that can physically manipulate the structure of biocompatible and green polymer materials in order to tune their performance in an efficient, repeatable, easy-to-operate, chemical-free, non-contact, and highly controllable manner. Ultrasound technology produces a cavitation effect that promotes the generation of free radicals, the fracture of chemical chain segments and a rapid change of morphology. The cavitation effects are accompanied by thermal, chemical, and biological effects that interact with the material being studied. With its high efficiency, cleanliness, and reusability applications, ultrasound has a vast range of opportunity within the field of natural polymer-based materials. This work expounds the basic principle of ultrasonic cavitation and analyzes the influence that ultrasonic strength, temperature, frequency and induced liquid surface tension on the physical and chemical properties of biopolymer materials. The mechanism and the influence that ultrasonic modification has on materials is discussed, with highlighted details on the agglomeration, degradation, morphology, structure, and the mechanical properties of these novel materials from naturally derived polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Cai
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Janine Mazahreh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Qingyu Ma
- School of Computer and Electrical Information/School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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23
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Gai S, Peng Z, Moghtaderi B, Yu J, Doroodchi E. Freezing of micro-droplets driven by power ultrasound. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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24
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Yusof NSM, Anandan S, Sivashanmugam P, Flores EMM, Ashokkumar M. A correlation between cavitation bubble temperature, sonoluminescence and interfacial chemistry - A minireview. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 85:105988. [PMID: 35344863 PMCID: PMC8960979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound induced cavitation (acoustic cavitation) process is found useful in various applications. Scientists from various disciplines have been exploring the fundamental aspects of acoustic cavitation processes over several decades. It is well documented that extreme localised temperature and pressure conditions are generated when a cavitation bubble collapses. Several experimental techniques have also been developed to estimate cavitation bubble temperatures. Depending upon specific experimental conditions, light emission from cavitation bubbles is observed, referred to as sonoluminescence. Sonoluminescence studies have been used to develop a fundamental understanding of cavitation processes in single and multibubble systems. This minireview aims to provide some highlights on the development of basic understandings of acoustic cavitation processes using cavitation bubble temperature, sonoluminescence and interfacial chemistry over the past 2-3 decades.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Palani Sivashanmugam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Trichy 620015, India
| | - Erico M M Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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25
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Zhang X, Li F, Wang C, Guo J, Mo R, Hu J, Chen S, He J, Liu H. Radial oscillation and translational motion of a gas bubble in a micro-cavity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105957. [PMID: 35203000 PMCID: PMC8866885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to classical nucleation theory, a gas nucleus can grow into a cavitation bubble when the ambient pressure is negative. Here, the growth process of a gas nucleus in a micro-cavity was simplified to two "events", and the full confinement effect of the surrounding medium of the cavity was considered by including the bulk modulus in the equation of state. The Rayleigh-Plesset-like equation of the cavitation bubble in the cavity was derived to model the radial oscillation and translational motion of the cavitation bubble in the local acoustic field. The numerical results show that the nucleation time of the cavitation bubble is sensitive to the initial position of the gas nucleus. The cavity size affects the duration of the radial oscillation of the cavitation bubble, where the duration is shorter for smaller cavities. The equilibrium radius of a cavitation bubble grown from a gas nucleus increases with increasing size of the cavity. There are two possible types of translational motion: reciprocal motion around the center of the cavity and motion toward the cavity wall. The growth process of gas nuclei into cavitation bubbles is also dependent on the compressibility of the surrounding medium and the magnitude of the negative pressure. Therefore, gas nuclei in a liquid cavity can be excited by acoustic waves to form cavitation bubbles, and the translational motion of the cavitation bubbles can be easily observed owing to the confining influence of the medium outside the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Zhang
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jianzhong Guo
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Runyang Mo
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiaxin He
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Honghan Liu
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Sleiman N, Hallez L, Pflieger R, Nikitenko SI, Hihn JY. Sonoluminescence emission spectra of a 3.6 MHz HIFU in sweeping mode. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105939. [PMID: 35123254 PMCID: PMC8927739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Use of sweeping mode with a 3.6 MHz High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) allows cavitation activity to be controlled. This is especially true in the pre-focal zone where the high concentration of bubbles acts as an acoustic reflector and quenches cavitation above this area. Previous studies attributed the enhancement of cavitation activity under negative sweep to the activation of more bubble nuclei, requiring deeper investigations. After mapping this activity with SCL measurements, cavitation noise spectra were recorded. The behavior of the acoustic broadband noise follows the sonochemical one i.e., showing the same attenuation (positive scan) or intensification (negative scan) of cavitational activity. In 1 M NaCl 3.7 mM 2-propanol solution saturated by a mixture of Ar-15.5%O2-2.2%N2, intensities of SL spectra are high enough to allow detection of several molecular emissions (OH, NH, C2, Na) under negative frequency sweeps. This is the first report of molecular emissions at such high frequency. Their intensities are low, and they are very broad, following the trend obtained at fixed frequency up to 1 MHz. Under optimized conditions, CN emission chosen as a spectroscopic probe is strong enough to be simulated, which is reported for the first time at such high frequency. The resulting characteristics of the plasma do not show any spectral difference, so bubble nature is the same in the pre-and post-focal zone under different sweeping parameters. Consequently, SL and SCL intensification was not related to a change in plasma nature inside the bubbles but to the number of cavitation bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Sleiman
- UTINAM UMR 6213, Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/CNRS, Besançon, France; ICSM UMR 5257 - CEA, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France; IRT M2P, Metz, France
| | - Loïc Hallez
- UTINAM UMR 6213, Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/CNRS, Besançon, France
| | - Rachel Pflieger
- ICSM UMR 5257 - CEA, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Sergey I Nikitenko
- ICSM UMR 5257 - CEA, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Yves Hihn
- UTINAM UMR 6213, Univ Bourgogne-Franche-Comté/CNRS, Besançon, France; IRT M2P, Metz, France.
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Kalmár C, Turányi T, Zsély IG, Papp M, Hegedűs F. The importance of chemical mechanisms in sonochemical modelling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105925. [PMID: 35149378 PMCID: PMC8841831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art chemical mechanism is introduced to properly describe chemical processes inside a harmonically excited spherical bubble placed in water and saturated with oxygen. The model uses up-to-date Arrhenius-constants, collision efficiency factors and takes into account the pressure-dependency of the reactions. Duplicated reactions are also applied, and the backward reactions rates are calculated via suitable thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. Our proposed reaction mechanism is compared to three other chemical models that are widely applied in sonochemistry and lack most of the aforementioned modelling issues. In the governing equations, only the reaction mechanisms are compared, all other parts of the models are identical. The chemical yields obtained by the different modelling techniques are taken at the maximum expansion of the bubble. A brief parameter study is made with different pressure amplitudes and driving frequencies at two equilibrium bubble sizes. The results show that due to the deficiencies of the former reaction mechanisms employed in the sonochemical literature, several orders of magnitude differences of the chemical yields can be observed. In addition, the trends along a control parameter can also have dissimilar characteristics that might lead to false optimal operating conditions. Consequently, an up-to-date and accurate chemical model is crucial to make qualitatively and quantitatively correct conclusions in sonochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csanád Kalmár
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Turányi
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Gy Zsély
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Máté Papp
- Chemical Kinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Hegedűs
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Redlinger-Pohn JD, Petkovšek M, Gordeyeva K, Zupanc M, Gordeeva A, Zhang Q, Dular M, Söderberg LD. Cavitation Fibrillation of Cellulose Fiber. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:847-862. [PMID: 35099936 PMCID: PMC8924874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose fibrils are the structural backbone of plants and, if carefully liberated from biomass, a promising building block for a bio-based society. The mechanism of the mechanical release─fibrillation─is not yet understood, which hinders efficient production with the required reliable quality. One promising process for fine fibrillation and total fibrillation of cellulose is cavitation. In this study, we investigate the cavitation treatment of dissolving, enzymatically pretreated, and derivatized (TEMPO oxidized and carboxymethylated) cellulose fiber pulp by hydrodynamic and acoustic (i.e., sonication) cavitation. The derivatized fibers exhibited significant damage from the cavitation treatment, and sonication efficiently fibrillated the fibers into nanocellulose with an elementary fibril thickness. The breakage of cellulose fibers and fibrils depends on the number of cavitation treatment events. In assessing the damage to the fiber, we presume that microstreaming in the vicinity of imploding cavities breaks the fiber into fibrils, most likely by bending. A simple model showed the correlation between the fibrillation of the carboxymethylated cellulose (CMCe) fibers, the sonication power and time, and the relative size of the active zone below the sonication horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob D Redlinger-Pohn
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.,Treesearch, Teknikringen 38a, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- Laboratory for Water and Turbine Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Korneliya Gordeyeva
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mojca Zupanc
- Laboratory for Water and Turbine Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alisa Gordeeva
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qilun Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Linköping University, Campus Calla, Olaus Magnus väg 37, 583 30 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Matevž Dular
- Laboratory for Water and Turbine Machines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - L Daniel Söderberg
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden.,Treesearch, Teknikringen 38a, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zang HL, Ai SN, Liang YH. Microtensile bond strength to sealer-contaminated dentin after using different cleaning protocols. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:122-127. [PMID: 35028029 PMCID: PMC8739238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Sealer residues on dentin may affect bonding to restorative materials. This study aimed to evaluate the bond strength to sealer-contaminated dentin after using different cleaning protocols. Materials and methods Freshly extracted bovine incisors were prepared and exposed the buccal pulp chamber dentin, obtaining segments measuring 5 mm × 5 mm with a height of 3 mm. The segments were randomly distributed into 4 groups (n = 7) according to different protocols. Control group: no contamination was performed. In the three experimental groups, the segments were contaminated with epoxy resin-based sealer for 5 min, and different cleaning protocols were performed. Acetone group: acetone-saturated cotton pellets were used to wipe the sealer. Ultrasound group: ultrasonic ET-20D tip cleaning. Acetone combined with ultrasound group: cleaning with acetone-saturated cotton pellets and ultrasonic tip. All segments were bonded using a self-etch adhesive. Two samples in each group were scanned by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) to evaluate sealer residues. A microtensile test was performed on the remaining 5 samples, which were built up with composite resin. Results Sealer residues were observed in 3 of 14 (21.4%) sections of acetone group by SS-OCT. Compared to the control, ultrasound alone or in combination with acetone preserved the bond strength (P > .05). The ultrasound group exhibited the highest bond strength (39.38 MPa), which differed from that of the acetone group, which provided the lowest bond strength (32.88 MPa) (P < .05). Conclusion Cleaning epoxy resin-based sealer-contaminated dentin surfaces using ultrasound or combined with acetone could preserve the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Zang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Choi J, Son Y. Quantification of sonochemical and sonophysical effects in a 20 kHz probe-type sonoreactor: Enhancing sonophysical effects in heterogeneous systems with milli-sized particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105888. [PMID: 34953385 PMCID: PMC8799613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Even though acoustic cavitation has been widely investigated, only few researchers focused on the relationship between sonochemical and sonophysical activities and on the enhancement of sonophysical activity. In this study, sonochemical and sonophysical activities were investigated in a heterogeneous system to understand the relationship between these two activities and to suggest optimal conditions for ultrasonic desorption/extraction processes comprising milli-sized glass beads. The sonochemical activity was quantitatively analyzed using potassium iodide dosimetry in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. Sonophysical activity was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed using paint-coated bead desorption tests and aluminum foil erosion tests under three probe positions of "T" (1 cm below the liquid surface), "B" (1 cm above the vessel bottom), and "M" (midpoint between "T" and "B"). Three different sizes of glass beads (diameter: 0.2, 1.0, and 4.0 mm) were used in this study. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained at "B" in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems. However, three times lower sonochemical activity was observed in the heterogeneous system than in the homogeneous system because significant attenuation and unstable reflection of ultrasound occurred in the bead layer and suspension. Higher sonophysical activity was observed, when the bead size decreased and the probe approached the bottom. However, no significant sonophysical activity was detected when the beads were attached to the bottom. Therefore, the sonophysically active region was the zone around the probe body, opposite to the ultrasound irradiation tip, and only suspended beads could undergo severe cavitational actions. This was confirmed via aluminum foil tests. Several erosion marks on the foil were observed in the area around the probe body, whereas no severe damage was observed at the bottom. Moreover, the degree of sonophysical activity did not change for various saturating gases. This might be due to the different thresholds of sonochemical and sonophysical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Low SS, Yew M, Lim CN, Chai WS, Low LE, Manickam S, Tey BT, Show PL. Sonoproduction of nanobiomaterials - A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 82:105887. [PMID: 34954629 PMCID: PMC8799622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) demonstrates remarkable potential in synthesising nanomaterials, particularly nanobiomaterials targeted towards biomedical applications. This review briefly introduces existing top-down and bottom-up approaches for nanomaterials synthesis and their corresponding synthesis mechanisms, followed by the expounding of US-driven nanomaterials synthesis. Subsequently, the pros and cons of sono-nanotechnology and its advances in the synthesis of nanobiomaterials are drawn based on recent works. US-synthesised nanobiomaterials have improved properties and performance over conventional synthesis methods and most essentially eliminate the need for harsh and expensive chemicals. The sonoproduction of different classes and types of nanobiomaterials such as metal and superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs), lipid- and carbohydrate-based NPs, protein microspheres, microgels and other nanocomposites are broadly categorised based on the physical and/or chemical effects induced by US. This review ends on a good note and recognises US-driven synthesis as a pragmatic solution to satisfy the growing demand for nanobiomaterials, nonetheless some technical challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Shin Low
- Research Centre of Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maxine Yew
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang Nong Lim
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Malaysia, No. 1, Jalan Venna P5/2, Precinct 5, Putrajaya 62200, Malaysia
| | - Wai Siong Chai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Ee Low
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Beng Ti Tey
- Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Su X, Jonnalagadda US, Bharatula LD, Kwan JJ. Unsupported gold nanocones as sonocatalytic agents with enhanced catalytic properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105753. [PMID: 34562739 PMCID: PMC8473759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold catalysts have attracted attention for enabling sustainable chemical processes under ambient conditions. This reactivity is attributed to the small size of the catalysts (<5 nm); however, their size also creates difficulty when removing from product streams and often require rare-metal additives to enhance reaction rate kinetics, thereby limiting the environmental benefits of these catalysts. Comparatively, submicron gold catalysts are easier to separate but are much less reactive under ambient conditions. In this study, we synthesized submicron gas-stabilising gold nanocones (gs-AuNCs) that are acoustically responsive to afford greater reaction rates than other conventional gold catalysts. We explore the catalytic performance of acoustically responsive gs-AuNCs exposed to focussed ultrasound at 5.0 MPa peak negative pressure and 1.1 MHz center frequency. Cavitation nucleated from gs-AuNCs significantly increased the sonocatalytic degradation of water pollutants without the need for co-catalysts. The ability to amplify catalysis with ultrasound by tailoring the morphology of the catalyst to control cavitation opens new paths for future designs of sonocatalysts that may enable a sustainable chemical approach needed for a broad range of industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Su
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Umesh Sai Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Deepika Bharatula
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - James Jing Kwan
- Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom.
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Influence of microbubbles on free radical generation by ultrasound in aqueous solution: implication of the important roles of nanobubbles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gao H, Pei K, Lei D, Hu G, Chao Y, Meng A, Wang H, Shentu W. Ultrasonic cavitation in CO 2-expanded N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 78:105713. [PMID: 34399130 PMCID: PMC8369071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the tunability in mass transfer, solvation and solubility, gas-expanded liquids show advantages over traditional organic solvents in many characteristics. Ultrasonication is a commonly used method to promote heat and mass transfer. The introduction of ultrasonic technology into the gas-expanded liquid system can promote the polymerization of polymer monomers, enhance extraction efficiency, and control the growth size of nanocrystals, etc. Although acoustic cavitation has been extensively explored in aqueous solutions, there are still few studies on cavitation in organic liquids, especially in gas-expanded liquid systems. In this article, the development of cavitation bubble cloud structure in CO2-expanded N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was observed by a high-speed camera, and the cavitation intensity was recorded using a spherical hydrophone. It was found that the magnitude of the transient cavitation energy was not only related to input power, but also closely related to CO2 content. The combination of ultrasound (causing a rapid alternation of gas solubility) and gas-expanded liquid system (causing a decrease in viscosity and surface tension of liquids) is expected to provide a perfect platform for high-speed mass transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Kunkun Pei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Lei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aihua Meng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Shentu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 310018 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Klapcsik K. GPU accelerated numerical investigation of the spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble excited by dual-frequency. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105684. [PMID: 34358882 PMCID: PMC8350425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The spherical stability of an acoustic cavitation bubble under dual-frequency excitation is investigated numerically. The radial dynamics is described by the Keller-Miksis equation, which is a second-order ordinary differential equation. The surface dynamics is modelled by a set of linear ordinary differential equation according to Hao and Prosperetti (1999), which takes into account the effect of vorticity by boundary layer approximation. Due to the large amount of investigated parameter combinations, the numerical computations were carried out on graphics processing units. The results showed that for bubble size between RE=2μm and 4μm, the combination of a low and a high frequency, and the combination of two close but not equal frequencies are important to prevent the bubble losing its shape stability, while reaching the chemical threshold (Rmax/RE=3) (Kalmár et al., 2020). The phase shift between harmonic components of dual-frequency excitation has no effect on the shape stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kálmán Klapcsik
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, P.O. Box 91, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
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36
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Park R, Choi M, Park EH, Shon WJ, Kim HY, Kim W. Comparing cleaning effects of gas and vapor bubbles in ultrasonic fields. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 76:105618. [PMID: 34119904 PMCID: PMC8207306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic actions of cavitation bubbles in ultrasonic fields can clean surfaces. Gas and vapor cavitation bubbles exhibit different dynamic behaviors in ultrasonic fields, yet little attention has been given to the distinctive cleaning effects of gas and vapor bubbles. We present an experimental investigation of surface cleaning by gas and vapor bubbles in an ultrasonic field. Using high-speed videography, we found that the primary motions of gas and vapor bubbles responsible for surface cleaning differ. Our cleaning tests under different contamination conditions in terms of contaminant adhesion strength and surface wettability reveal that vapor and gas bubbles are more effective at removing contaminants with strong and weak adhesion, respectively, and furthermore that hydrophobic substrates are better cleaned by vapor bubbles. Our study not only provides a better physical understanding of the ultrasonic cleaning process, but also proposes novel techniques to improve ultrasonic cleaning by selectively employing gas and vapor bubbles depending on the characteristics of the surface to be cleaned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeol Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Minsu Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, South Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- School of Dentistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Ho-Young Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
| | - Wonjung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, South Korea; Institute of Emergent Materials, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, South Korea.
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Chauhan R, Dinesh GK, Alawa B, Chakma S. A critical analysis of sono-hybrid advanced oxidation process of ferrioxalate system for degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130324. [PMID: 33789218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The emerging contaminants in wastewater discharged from numerous chemical process industries, pharmaceutical industries, textile, and wineries have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. The conventional techniques are incompetent to treat many of such recalcitrant toxic pollutants. To achieve high mineralization, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are found to be more efficient for the degradation of these organic pollutants without producing secondary pollutants with no/less amount of sludge. The primary oxidation agents for AOPs are in-situ generated free radicals, which are highly reactive and effective oxidants for degrading any type of organic molecules present in the wastewater. In the past decades, the combination of AOPs or simultaneous application of more than one AOP has been investigated extensively for wastewater treatment and these hybrid-AOPs have been reported to be beneficial for high-level mineralization of organic pollutants. This paper presented the characteristics, properties and influence of parameters in sono-photo-ferrioxalate system. The primary operating parameters in sono-photo-ferrioxalate system that affect the kinetics are defined as the solution pH, temperature, molar ratio of Fe3+/C2O42-, H2O2 concentration, source of light, ultrasound intensity, dissolved gases, and size of cavitation bubble. In this process, several oxidizing radicals are generated such as HO•, HO2•, C2O4•-, CO2•- and O2•- which are also responsible for degradation. In this review, we have mainly addressed the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants using the sono-photo-ferrioxalate system and a critical analysis of process parameters that influence mineralization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Chauhan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - G Kumaravel Dinesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India; School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Bablu Alawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sankar Chakma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Fan L, Idris Muhammad A, Bilyaminu Ismail B, Liu D. Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy: An emerging alternative strategy for microbial inactivation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 75:105591. [PMID: 34082219 PMCID: PMC8182071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT), which relies on a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and chemotherapeutic agents termed sonosensitizers, has been explored as a promising alternative for microbial inactivation. Such treatment has superior penetration ability, high target specificity, and can overcome resistance conferred by the local microenvironment. Taken of these advantages, SACT has been endowed with an extensive application prospect in the past decade and attracted more and more attention. This review focusses on the current understanding of the mechanism of SACT, the interaction of sonodynamic action on different microbes, the factors affecting the efficacy of SACT, discusses the findings of recent works on SACT, and explores further prospects for SACT. Thus, a better understanding of sonodynamic killing facilitates the scientific community and industry personnel to establish a novel strategy to combat microbial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Fan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aliyu Idris Muhammad
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Balarabe Bilyaminu Ismail
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wu WH, Eskin DG, Priyadarshi A, Subroto T, Tzanakis I, Zhai W. New insights into the mechanisms of ultrasonic emulsification in the oil-water system and the role of gas bubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105501. [PMID: 33676157 PMCID: PMC7933810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic emulsification (USE) assisted by cavitation is an effective method to produce emulsion droplets. However, the role of gas bubbles in the USE process still remains unclear. Hence, in the present paper, high-speed camera observations of bubble evolution and emulsion droplets formation in oil and water were used to capture in real-time the emulsification process, while experiments with different gas concentrations were carried out to investigate the effect of gas bubbles on droplet size. The results show that at the interface of oil and water, gas bubbles with a radius larger than the resonance radius collapse and sink into the water phase, inducing (oil-water) blended liquid jets across bubbles to generate oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) and water-in-oil (W/O) droplets in the oil phase and oil-in-water (O/W) droplets in the water phase, respectively. Gas bubbles with a radius smaller than the resonance radius at the interface always move towards the oil phase, accompanied with the generation of water droplets in the oil phase. In the oil phase, gas bubbles, which can attract bubbles nearby the interface, migrate to the interface of oil and water due to acoustic streaming, and generate numerous droplets. As for the gas bubbles in the water phase, those can break neighboring droplets into numerous finer ones during bubble oscillation. With the increase in gas content, more bubbles undergo chaotic oscillation, leading to smaller and more stable emulsion droplets, which explains the beneficial role of gas bubbles in USE. Violently oscillating microbubbles are, therefore, found to be the governing cavitation regime for emulsification process. These results provide new insights to the mechanisms of gas bubbles in oil-water emulsions, which may be useful towards the optimization of USE process in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - D G Eskin
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation.
| | - A Priyadarshi
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom
| | - T Subroto
- Brunel Centre for Advanced Solidification Technology (BCAST), Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - I Tzanakis
- Faculty of Technology, Design and Environment, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX33 1HX, United Kingdom; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - W Zhai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China.
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Flores EMM, Cravotto G, Bizzi CA, Santos D, Iop GD. Ultrasound-assisted biomass valorization to industrial interesting products: state-of-the-art, perspectives and challenges. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105455. [PMID: 33444940 PMCID: PMC7808943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the application of ultrasound (US) energy for assisting the lignocellulosic biomass and waste materials conversion into value-added products has dramatically increased. In this sense, this review covers theoretical aspects, promising applications, challenges and perspectives about US and its use for biomass treatment. The combination of US energy with a suitable reaction time, temperature and solvent contributes to the destruction of recalcitrant lignin structure, allowing the products to be used in thermochemical and biological process. The main mechanisms related to US propagation and impact on the fragmentation of lignocellulosic materials, selectivity, and yield of conversion treatments are discussed. Moreover, the synergistic effects between US and alternative green solvents with the perspective of industrial applications are investigated. The present survey analysed the last ten years of literature, studying challenges and perspectives of US application in biorefinery. We were aiming to highlight value-added products and some new areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erico M M Flores
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Giancarlo Cravotto
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cezar A Bizzi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle D Iop
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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41
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Aliabouzar M, Kripfgans OD, Wang WY, Baker BM, Brian Fowlkes J, Fabiilli ML. Stable and transient bubble formation in acoustically-responsive scaffolds by acoustic droplet vaporization: theory and application in sequential release. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105430. [PMID: 33401189 PMCID: PMC7803826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acoustically-responsive scaffolds (ARSs), which are fibrin hydrogels containing monodispersed perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, respond to ultrasound in an on-demand, spatiotemporally-controlled manner via a mechanism termed acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV). Previously, ADV has been used to control the release of bioactive payloads from ARSs to stimulate regenerative processes. In this study, we used classical nucleation theory (CNT) to predict the nucleation pressure in emulsions of different PFC cores as well as the corresponding condensation pressure of the ADV-generated bubbles. According to CNT, the threshold bubble radii above which ADV-generated bubbles remain stable against condensation were 0.4 µm and 5.2 µm for perfluoropentane (PFP) and perfluorohexane (PFH) bubbles, respectively, while ADV-generated bubbles of any size in perfluorooctane (PFO) condense back to liquid at ambient condition. Additionally, consistent with the CNT findings, stable bubble formation from PFH emulsion was experimentally observed using confocal imaging while PFO emulsion likely underwent repeated vaporization and recondensation during ultrasound pulses. In further experimental studies, we utilized this unique feature of ADV in generating stable or transient bubbles, through tailoring the PFC core and ultrasound parameters (excitation frequency and pulse duration), for sequential delivery of two payloads from PFC emulsions in ARSs. ADV-generated stable bubbles from PFH correlated with complete release of the payload while transient ADV resulted in partial release, where the amount of payload release increased with the number of ultrasound exposure. Overall, these results can be used in developing drug delivery strategies using ARSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Brian Fowlkes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mario L Fabiilli
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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42
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Gui Q, Wang S, Zhang L. The mechanism of ultrasound oxidation effect on the pyrite for refractory gold ore pretreatment. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shende T, Andaluri G, Suri R. Frequency-dependent sonochemical degradation of perfluoroalkyl substances and numerical analysis of cavity dynamics. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li Z, Xu Z, Zhao D, Chen S, Yan J. Ultrasonic cavitation at liquid/solid interface in a thin Ga-In liquid layer with free surface. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105356. [PMID: 33049423 PMCID: PMC7786553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation in thin layer of liquid metal has potential applications in chemical reaction, soldering, extraction, and therapeutic equipment. In this work, the cavitation characteristics and acoustic pressure of a thin liquid Ga-In alloy were studied by high speed photography, numerical simulation, and bubble dynamics calculation. A self-made ultrasonic system with a TC4 sonotrode, was operated at a frequency of 20 kHz and a max output power of 1000 W during the cavitation recording experiment. The pressure field characteristic inside the thin liquid layer and its influence on the intensity, types, dimensions, and life cycles of cavitation bubbles and on the cavitation evolution process against experimental parameters were systematically studied. The results showed that acoustic pressure inside the thin liquid layer presented alternating positive and negative characteristics within 1 acoustic period (T). Cavitation bubbles nucleated and grew during the negative-pressure stage and shrank and collapsed during the positive-pressure stage. A high bubble growth speed of 16.8 m/s was obtained and evidenced by bubble dynamics calculation. The maximum absolute pressure was obtained at the bottom of the thin liquid layer and resulted in the strongest cavitation. Cavitation was divided into violent and weak stages. The violent cavitation stage lasted several hundreds of acoustic periods and had higher bubble intensity than the weak cavitation stage. Cavitation cloud preferentially appeared during the violent cavitation stage and had a life of several acoustic periods. Tiny cavitation bubbles with life cycles shorter than 1 T dominated the cavitation field. High cavitation intensities were observed at high ultrasonication power and when Q235B alloy was used because such conditions lead to high amplitudes on the substrate and further high acoustic pressure inside the liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Zhiwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Degang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jiuchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Podbevšek D, Colombet D, Ayela F, Ledoux G. Localization and quantification of radical production in cavitating flows with luminol chemiluminescent reactions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105370. [PMID: 33130383 PMCID: PMC7786609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation experiments in microfluidic systems have been performed with an aqueous solution of luminol as the working fluid. In order to identify where and how much reactive radical species are formed by the violent bubble collapse, the resulting chemiluminescent oxidation reaction of luminol was scrutinized downstream of a constriction in the microchannel. An original method was developed in order to map the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted from the micro-flow, allowing us to localize the region where radicals are produced. Time averaged void fraction measurements performed by laser induced fluorescence experiments were also used to determine the cavitation cloud position. The combination void fraction and chemiluminescence two-dimensional mapping demonstrated that the maximum chemiluminescent intensity area was found just downstream of the cavitation clouds. Furthermore, the radical yield can be obtained with our single photon counting technique. The maximum radical production rates of 1.2*107 OH/s and radical production per processed liquid volume of 2.15*1010 HO/l were observed. The proposed technique allows for two-dimensional characterisation of radical production in the microfluidic flow and could be a quick, non-intrusive way to optimise hydrodynamic cavitation reactor design and operating parameters, leading to enhancements in wastewater treatments and other process intensifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Damien Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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46
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Li Z, Zhuang T, Dong J, Wang L, Xia J, Wang H, Cui X, Wang Z. Sonochemical fabrication of inorganic nanoparticles for applications in catalysis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105384. [PMID: 33221623 PMCID: PMC7786602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis covers almost all the chemical reactions or processes aiming for many applications. Sonochemistry has emerged in designing and developing the synthesis of nano-structured materials, and the latest progress mainly focuses on the synthetic strategies, product properties as well as catalytic applications. This current review simply presents the sonochemical effects under ultrasound irradiation, roughly describes the ultrasound-synthesized inorganic nano-materials, and highlights the sonochemistry applications in the inorganics-based catalysis processes including reduction, oxidation, degradation, polymerization, etc. Or all in all, the review hopes to provide an integrated understanding of sonochemistry, emphasize the great significance of ultrasound-assisted synthesis in structured materials as a unique strategy, and broaden the updated applications of ultrasound irradiation in the catalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Lun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Jianfei Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China
| | - Xuejun Cui
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 130012 Changchun, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China.
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Vyas N, Wang QX, Walmsley AD. Improved biofilm removal using cavitation from a dental ultrasonic scaler vibrating in carbonated water. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105338. [PMID: 32979637 PMCID: PMC7786568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of cavitation for improving biofilm cleaning is of great interest. There is no system at present that removes the biofilm from medical implants effectively and specifically from dental implants. Cavitation generated by a vibrating dental ultrasonic scaler tip can clean biomaterials such as dental implants. However, the cleaning process must be significantly accelerated for clinical applications. In this study we investigated whether the cavitation could be increased, by operating the scaler in carbonated water with different CO2 concentrations. The cavitation around an ultrasonic scaler tip was recorded with high speed imaging. Image analysis was used to calculate the area of cavitation. Bacterial biofilm was grown on surfaces and its removal was imaged with a high speed camera using the ultrasonic scaler in still and carbonated water. Cavitation increases significantly with increasing carbonation. Cavitation also started earlier around the tips when they were in carbonated water compared to non-carbonated water. Significantly more biofilm was removed when the scaler was operated in carbonated water. Our results suggest that using carbonated water could significantly increase and accelerate cavitation around ultrasonic scalers in a clinical situation and thus improve biofilm removal from dental implants and other biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vyas
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK
| | - Q X Wang
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - A D Walmsley
- School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Birmingham B5 7EG, UK.
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Choi J, Lee H, Son Y. Effects of gas sparging and mechanical mixing on sonochemical oxidation activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105334. [PMID: 32932226 PMCID: PMC7786622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of air sparging (0-16 L min-1) and mechanical mixing (0-400 rpm) on enhancing the sonochemical degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated using a 28 kHz sonoreactor. The degradation of RhB followed pseudo first-order kinetics, where sparging or mixing induced a large sonochemical enhancement. The kinetic constant varied in three stages (gradually increased → increased exponentially → decreased slightly) as the rate of sparging or mixing increased, where the stages were similar for both processes. The highest sonochemical activity was obtained with sparging at 8 L min-1 or mixing at 200 rpm, where the standing wave field was significantly deformed by sparging and mixing, respectively. The cavitational oxidation activity was concentrated at the bottom of the sonicator when higher sparging or mixing rates were employed. Therefore, the large enhancement in the sonochemical oxidation was attributed mainly to the direct disturbance of the ultrasound transmission and the resulting change in the cavitation-active zone in this study. The effect of the position of air sparging and mixing was investigated. The indirect inhibition of the ultrasound transmission resulted in less enhancement of the sonochemical activity. Moreover, the effect of various sparging gases including air, N2, O2, Ar, CO2, and an Ar/O2 (8:2) mixture was compared, where all gases except CO2 induced an enhancement in the sonochemical activity, irrespective of the concentration of dissolved oxygen. The highest activity was obtained with the Ar/O2 (8:2) mixture. Therefore, it was revealed that the sonochemical oxidation activity could be further enhanced by applying gas sparging using the optimal gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbok Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjae Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; R&D Center, Changmyoung Industry Co., Yangju 11426, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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Perrin L, Colombet D, Ayela F. Comparative study of luminescence and chemiluminescence in hydrodynamic cavitating flows and quantitative determination of hydroxyl radicals production. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105277. [PMID: 32750656 PMCID: PMC7786554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence and chemiluminescence have been experimentally investigated in hydrodynamic cavitating flows. By using dedicated microdevices inserted inside a light tight box, photons counting has been made possible. Luminescence has been investigated with deionized water as the working fluid; chemiluminescence has resulted from cavitating alkaline luminol solutions, and has been correlated to hydroxyl radicals formation. For the first time, luminescent and chemiluminescent phenomena have been considered together on the same devices submitted to similar cavitating flow regimes. Degassed solutions enhance the luminescence and also the hydroxyl radical yield. Due to the small sizes of the channels, the lifetimes of the collapsing bubbles correspond to pseudo frequencies matching the range of optimal frequencies used in sonochemistry. New perspectives for the study of hydrodynamic cavitation as an advanced oxidation process are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perrin
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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50
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Brezhneva N, Dezhkunov NV, Ulasevich SA, Skorb EV. Characterization of transient cavitation activity during sonochemical modification of magnesium particles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105315. [PMID: 32906064 PMCID: PMC7786532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the cavitation activity during ultrasonic treatment of magnesium particles during nanostructuring has been performed. Cavitation activity is recorded in the continuous mode after switching the ultrasound on with the use of ICA-5DM cavitometer. It has been demonstrated that this characteristic of the cavitation zone may be varied in a wide range of constant output parameters of the generator. The speed and nature of the cavitation activity alteration depended on the concentration of Mg particles in the suspension and the properties of the medium in which the sonochemical treatment has been performed. Three stages of the cavitation area evolution can be distinguished: 1 - the initial increase in cavitation activity, 2 - reaching a maximum with a subsequent decrease, and 3 - reaching the plateau (or the repeated cycles with feedback loops of enlargement/reduction of the cavitation activity). The ultrasonically treated magnesium particles have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal analysis. Depending on the nature of the dispersed medium the particles can be characterized by the presence of magnesium hydroxide (brucite) and magnesium hydride. It is possible to reach the incorporation of magnesium hydride in the magnesium hydroxide/magnesium matrix by varying the conditions of ultrasonic treatment (duration of treatment, amplitude, dispersed medium etc.). The influence of the magnesium reactivity is also confirmed by the measurements of cavitation activity in organic dispersed media (ethanol, ethylene glycol) and their aqueous mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya Brezhneva
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia; Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya str. 14, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Nikolai V Dezhkunov
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics, P. Brovki str. 10, Minsk 220013, Belarus
| | - Sviatlana A Ulasevich
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, Lomonosova str. 9, Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia.
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