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Pagliari S, Dema B, Sanchez-Martinez A, Montalvo Zurbia-Flores G, Rollier CS. DNA Vaccines: History, Molecular Mechanisms and Future Perspectives. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168297. [PMID: 37797831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The history of DNA vaccine began as early as the 1960s with the discovery that naked DNA can transfect mammalian cells in vivo. In 1992, the evidence that such transfection could lead to the generation of antigen-specific antibody responses was obtained and supported the development of this technology as a novel vaccine platform. The technology then attracted immense interest and high hopes in vaccinology, as evidence of high immunogenicity and protection against virulent challenges accumulated from several animal models for several diseases. In particular, the capacity to induce T-cell responses was unprecedented in non-live vaccines. However, the technology suffered its major knock when the success in animals failed to translate to humans, where DNA vaccine candidates were shown to be safe but remained poorly immunogenic, or not associated with clinical benefit. Thanks to a thorough exploration of the molecular mechanisms of action of these vaccines, an impressive range of approaches have been and are currently being explored to overcome this major challenge. Despite limited success so far in humans as compared with later genetic vaccine technologies such as viral vectors and mRNA, DNA vaccines are not yet optimised for human use and may still realise their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sthefany Pagliari
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Dema
- Pandemic Science Institute, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine (IDRM), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Christine S Rollier
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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Yadav B, Prasad N, Kushwaha RS, Patel MR, Bhadauria D, Kaul A. Higher pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ are associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific seroconversion in renal allograft recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14133. [PMID: 37605477 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance immunosuppressive regimens are speculated to hamper immunogenic response against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) compared to the healthy population. Healthy people with SARS-CoV-2 infection often develop neutralizing antibodies and secret copious quantities of cytokines, leading to virus clearance and sometimes more severe immune-related complications. METHODS RTRs, either acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (infection group, n = 132) or were vaccinated with two vaccine doses (vaccination group, n = 78) against SARS-CoV-2, were recruited in the study. Thirty-five unvaccinated RTRs, without anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies, were also included as control. Cytokines interleukine-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TGF-β, and IL-10 were measured using ELISA. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific IgG-titer was measured by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay methods. RESULTS The seroconversion rate in the infection group was 115/132 (87.12%), with a median antibody titer 706.40 au/mL (IQR, 215.45-1844.42), and in the vaccination group was 63/78 (80.76%) with antibody titer 1454.20 au/mL (IQR, 80.52-3838.75). The IL-6, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and IL-10 levels were significantly higher in both the infection and vaccination group compared to healthy control. In the infection group, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (55.41 ± 24.30 vs. 31.64 ± 16.98 pg/mL, p < .001) and IFN-γ (91.21 ± 33.09 vs. 61.69 ± 33.28 pg/mL, p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group as compared to non-seroconverter. Similarly, in the vaccination group, pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 (50.31 ± 25.67 vs. 30.00 ± 11.19 pg/mL; p = .002) and IFN-γ (65.70 ± 39.78 vs. 32.14 ± 17.48 pg/mL; p = .001) were significantly higher in the seroconverter group compared to non-seroconverter. In contrast, TGF-β (820.96 ± 415.78 vs. 1045.57 ± 204.66; p = .046) was higher in non-seroconverter. CONCLUSIONS Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IFN-γ were significantly associated with seroconversion after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in RTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Shankar Kushwaha
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Manas Ranjan Patel
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Dharmendra Bhadauria
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Anupma Kaul
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Yang J, Boer JC, Khongkow M, Phunpee S, Khalil ZG, Bashiri S, Deceneux C, Goodchild G, Hussein WM, Capon RJ, Ruktanonchai U, Plebanski M, Toth I, Skwarczynski M. The Development of Surface-Modified Liposomes as an Intranasal Delivery System for Group A Streptococcus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020305. [PMID: 36851183 PMCID: PMC9961534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal vaccine administration can overcome the disadvantages of injectable vaccines and present greater efficiency for mass immunization. However, the development of intranasal vaccines is challenged by poor mucosal immunogenicity of antigens and the limited availability of mucosal adjuvants. Here, we examined a number of self-adjuvanting liposomal systems for intranasal delivery of lipopeptide vaccine against group A Streptococcus (GAS). Among them, two liposome formulations bearing lipidated cell-penetrating peptide KALA and a new lipidated chitosan derivative (oleoyl-quaternized chitosan, OTMC) stimulated high systemic antibody titers in outbred mice. The antibodies were fully functional and were able to kill GAS bacteria. Importantly, OTMC was far more effective at stimulating antibody production than the classical immune-stimulating trimethyl chitosan formulation. In a simple physical mixture, OTMC also enhanced the immune responses of the tested vaccine, without the need for a liposome delivery system. The adjuvanting capacity of OTMC was further confirmed by its ability to stimulate cytokine production by dendritic cells. Thus, we discovered a new immune stimulant with promising properties for mucosal vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer C. Boer
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Mattaka Khongkow
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarunya Phunpee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Zeinab G. Khalil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sahra Bashiri
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cyril Deceneux
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Georgia Goodchild
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Waleed M. Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J. Capon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Uracha Ruktanonchai
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 111 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Klong 1, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-73-346-9894
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Cagigi A, Douradinha B. Have mRNA vaccines sentenced DNA vaccines to death? Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:1154-1167. [PMID: 37941101 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2282065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION After receiving emergency approval during the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA vaccines have taken center stage in the quest to enhance future vaccination strategies for both infectious diseases and cancer. Indeed, they have significantly overshadowed another facet of genetic vaccination, specifically DNA vaccines. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that both types of genetic vaccines have distinct advantages and disadvantages that set them apart from each other. AREAS COVERED In this work, we delve extensively into the history of genetic vaccines, their mechanisms of action, their strengths, and limitations, and ultimately highlight ongoing research in key areas for potential enhancement of both DNA and mRNA vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Here, we assess the significance of the primary benefits and drawbacks associated with DNA and mRNA vaccination. We challenge the current lines of thought by highlighting that the existing drawbacks of DNA vaccination could potentially be more straightforward to address compared to those linked with mRNA vaccination. In our view, this suggests that DNA vaccines should remain viable contenders in the pursuit of the future of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cagigi
- Nykode Therapeutics ASA, Oslo Science Park, Oslo, Norway
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Bora L, Burkard T, Juan MHS, Radeke HH, Muț AM, Vlaia LL, Magyari-Pavel IZ, Diaconeasa Z, Socaci S, Borcan F, Kis B, Muntean D, Dehelean CA, Danciu C. Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil Formulated as Polymeric Micelles Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2413. [PMID: 36365231 PMCID: PMC9693391 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents phytochemical characterization and biological evaluation of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil (OEO) formulated as polymeric micelles drug delivery systems as a possible non-invasive approach for the management of skin tags. GC-MS analysis of Romanian OEO revealed the identification and quantification of 43 volatile compounds (thymol and carvacrol being the main ones). The antioxidant activity was shown by four consecrated methods: CUPRAC, ABTS, ORAC and DPPH. OEO was incorporated by micellar solubilization into a binary hydrogel based on a Pluronic F 127/L 31 block-copolymers mixture. The pH, consistency, spreadability, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of the OEO-loaded poloxamer-based binary hydrogel (OEO-PbH) were investigated. OEO-PbH was skin compatible in terms of pH and exhibited adequate spreadability and consistency. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the tested OEO were similar to those obtained for the formulation, lower (2.5 µg/mL) for yeast and higher (40-80 µg/mL) for Gram-negative bacilli. As keratinocytes are among main components of skin tags, an in vitro evaluation was conducted in order to see the effect of the formulation against HaCaT human keratinocytes. OEO-PbH decreased HaCaT cells migration and proliferation and elicited a cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect in a dose- and time-dependent manner. No harmful effect on the viability of dendritic cells (DCs) was detected following the incubation with different concentrations (0-200 µg/mL) of the 5% formulation. Treatment in inflammatory DCs (+LPS) indicated a decrease in cytokine production of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-23 but no significant effect on IL-10 in any of the tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Bora
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Tobias Burkard
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martina Herrero San Juan
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heinfried H. Radeke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hospital of the Goethe University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ana Maria Muț
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Lia Vlaia
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Formulation and Technology of Drugs Research Center, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Zinuca Magyari-Pavel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zorița Diaconeasa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Socaci
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Borcan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Brigitta Kis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Centre for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer-OncoGen, Clinical County Hospital of Timisoara, Liviu Rebreanu Blvd. 156, 300736 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Microbiology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Adriana Dehelean
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Toxicology and Drug Industry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Danciu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square, No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Karaba AH, Zhu X, Benner SE, Akinde O, Eby Y, Wang KH, Saraf S, Garonzik-Wang JM, Klein SL, Bailey JR, Cox AL, Blankson JN, Durand CM, Segev DL, Werbel WA, Tobian AA. Higher Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Associated With Increased Antibody Titer After a Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2022; 106:835-841. [PMID: 35085183 PMCID: PMC8942602 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 and exhibit lower antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This study aimed to determine if prevaccination cytokine levels are associated with antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 58 SOTRs before and after two-dose mRNA vaccine series, 35 additional SOTRs before and after a third vaccine dose, and comparison to 16 healthy controls (HCs). Antispike antibody was assessed using the IgG Euroimmun ELISA. Electrochemiluminescence detection-based multiplexed sandwich immunoassays (Meso Scale Diagnostics) were used to quantify plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations (n = 20 analytes) and compare concentrations between SOTRs and HCs, stratified by ultimate antibody response to the vaccine using Wilcoxon-rank-sum test with false discovery rates computed to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS In the study population, 100% of HCs, 59% of SOTRs after 2 doses and 63% of SOTRs after 3 doses had a detectable antibody response. Multiple baseline cytokines were elevated in SOTRs versus HCs. There was no significant difference in baseline cytokine levels between SOTRs with high versus low-titer antibodies after 2 doses of vaccine. However, as compared with poor antibody responders, SOTRs who went on to develop a high-titer antibody response to a third dose of vaccine had significantly higher prethird dose levels of several innate immune cytokines including IL-17, IL-2Ra, IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1α, and TNF-α (false discovery rates < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A specific inflammatory profile may be associated with developing higher antibodies in response to a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in SOTRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H. Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Xianming Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sarah E. Benner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Olivia Akinde
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yolanda Eby
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristy H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sharada Saraf
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Sabra L. Klein
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Justin R. Bailey
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joel N. Blankson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine M. Durand
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dorry L. Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - William A. Werbel
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aaron A.R. Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Li H, Xing J, Tang X, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Two bicistronic DNA vaccines against Vibrio anguillarum and the immune effects on flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY 2022; 40:786-804. [PMID: 35018224 PMCID: PMC8739378 DOI: 10.1007/s00343-021-1092-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines that can promote the activation and migration of immune cells, and increase the recognition of antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Previous studies showed that a DNA vaccine can induce humoral and cellular immune responses of flounder after immunization. To explore the improvement of chemokines on the efficiency of OmpK vaccine, two bicistronic DNA candidate vaccines were constructed and the immune responses they induced in the flounder were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA), H&E staining, flow cytometry (FCM), and quantificational real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). pBudCE4.1 plasmid as an expression vector, bicistronic DNA vaccines encoding OmpK gene and CC-motif ligand 4 gene (p-OmpK-CCL4), or Ompk gene and CC-motif ligand 19 gene (p-OmpK-CCL19) were successfully constructed. The results showed that two bicistronic DNA vaccines expressed Ompk protein of Vibrio anguillarum and CCL4/CCL19 proteins of flounder both in vitro and in vivo. After immunization, a large number of leucocytes in muscle were recruited at the injection site in treatment groups. The constructed vaccines induced significant increases in CD4-1+ and CD4-2+ T lymphocytes, and sIgM+ B lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney. The percentage of T lymphocytes peaked on the 14th post-vaccination day whereas that of B lymphocytes peaked in the 6th post-vaccination week. Moreover, the expression profiles of 10 immune-related genes increased in muscles around the injection site, spleen, and head kidney. After the challenge, p-OmpK-CCL4 and p-OmpK-CCL19 conferred a relative percentage survival (RPS) of 74.1% and 63.3%, respectively, higher than p-OmpK alone (40.8%). In conclusion, both CCL4 and CCL19 can improve the protection of p-OmpK via evoking local immune response and then humoral and cellular immunity. CCL4 and CCL19 will be potential molecular adjuvants for use in DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Li
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071 China
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Kenubih A. Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Development and Challenges in Inducing Long-Lasting Immunity: Trends and Current Perspectives. VETERINARY MEDICINE-RESEARCH AND REPORTS 2021; 12:205-215. [PMID: 34513635 PMCID: PMC8420785 DOI: 10.2147/vmrr.s319761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely contagious viral disease of livestock caused by foot and mouse disease virus genus: Aphthovirus, which causes a serious economic impact on both individual farmers and the national economy. Many attempts to advance a vaccine for FMD have failed to induce sterile immunity. The classical methods of vaccine production were due to selective accumulation of mutations around antigenic and binding sites. Reversion of the agent by positive selection and quasi-species swarm, use of this method is inapplicable for use in non-endemic areas. Chemical attenuation using binary ethyleneimine (BEI) protected the capsid integrity and produced a pronounced immunity against the challenge strain. Viral antigens which have been chemically synthesized or expressed in viruses, plasmid, or plants were tried in the vaccination of animals. DNA vaccines expressing either structural or nonstructural protein antigens have been tried to immunize animals. Using interleukins as a genetic adjuvant for DNA vaccines have a promising effect. While the challenges of inducing sterile immunity lies on non-structural (NS) proteins of FMDV which are responsible for apoptosis of dendritic cells and have negative effects on lympho-proliferative responses which lead to transient immunosuppression. Furthermore, destruction of host protein trafficking by nonstructural proteins suppressed CD8+ T-cell proliferation. In this review, it tried to address multiple approaches for vaccine development trials and bottle necks of producing sterile immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambaye Kenubih
- University of Gondar, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Para-Clinical Studies, Gondar, Ethiopia
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9
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Cui C, Wang S, Lu W, Wang Y, Li J, Qu K, Yang M, Wang L, Yu Y. The adjuvanticity of manganese for microbial vaccines via activating the IRF5 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114720. [PMID: 34363796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn2+) has been reported to activate macrophages and NK cells, and to induce the production of type-I interferons (IFNs) by activating the cGAS-STING pathway. Few studies have been conducted on its adjuvanticity to microbial vaccines, and on the involvement of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 signaling pathway in the adjuvanticity. In this study, we demonstrated that Mn2+ could facilitate various microbial vaccines to induce enhanced antibody responses, and facilitate the influenza virus vaccine to induce protective immunity against the influenza virus challenge. When formulated in vaccines, Mn2+ could activate murine CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and DCs, and induce the expression and phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IRF5 in the splenocytes of the immunized mice, resulting in the increased expression of type-I IFNs, TNF-α, B cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). The induced TBK1 could recruit and bind the IRF5. Furthermore, the Mn2+ induced expression of IRF5 and Blimp-1 was prohibited by a IRF5 interfering oligonucleotide. The data suggest the Mn2+ could be used as a novel type of adjuvants for microbial vaccines, and the activation of IRF5 signaling pathway might involve in the adjuvanticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Cui
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenting Lu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kuo Qu
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yongli Yu
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, China.
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10
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Azimi S, Safari Zanjani L. Immunization against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using Alg-PLGA nano-vaccine. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:476-482. [PMID: 34094029 PMCID: PMC8143718 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.52217.11813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the bacterium that causes of pulmonary infection among chronically hospitalized patients. Alginate is a common surface antigen of P. aeruginosa with a constant structure that which makes it an appropriate target for vaccines. In this study, P. aeruginosa alginate was conjugated with to PLGA nanoparticles, and its immunogenicity was characterized as a vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alginate was isolated from a mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa and conjugated with to PLGA with˝ N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride ˝= ˝EDAC˝ and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Chemical characterization of prepared nano-vaccine was performed using FTIR Spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The immunogenicity of this nano-vaccine was evaluated through intramuscular injection into BALB/c mice. Four groups of mice were subjected to the injection of alginate-PLGA, and two weeks after the last administration step, opsonophagocytosis assay, IgG detection, challenge, and cytokine determination via ELISA were carried out. RESULTS Alginate-PLGA conjugation was corroborated by FTIR, Zetasizer, and AFM. The ELISA consequence showed that alginate was prospering in the instigation of the humoral immunity.The immunogenicity enhanced against the alginate-PLGA. Remarkably diminished bacterial titer in the spleen of the immunized mice posterior to challenge with PAO1 strain in comparison with the alginate alone and control groups. CONCLUSION The bacterial burden in the spleen significantly decreased after the challenge (P<0.05). The opsonic activity was significantly increased in the alginate- PLGA group (P<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Safari Zanjani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Zanjan Branch, Payame Noor of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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11
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Pischedda S, O'Connor D, Fairfax BP, Salas A, Martinon-Torres F, Pollard AJ, Trück J. Changes in epigenetic profiles throughout early childhood and their relationship to the response to pneumococcal vaccination. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:29. [PMID: 33541404 PMCID: PMC7860179 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01012-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumococcal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children and immaturity of the immune system partly underlies poor vaccine responses seen in the young. Emerging evidence suggests a key role for epigenetics in the maturation and regulation of the immune system in health and disease. The study aimed to investigate epigenetic changes in early life and to understand the relationship between the epigenome and antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. Methods The epigenetic profiles from 24 healthy children were analyzed at 12 months prior to a booster dose of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13), and at 24 months of age, using the Illumina Methylation 450 K assay and assessed for differences over time and between high and low vaccine responders. Results Our analysis revealed 721 significantly differentially methylated positions between 12 and 24 months (FDR < 0.01), with significant enrichment in pathways involved in the regulation of cell–cell adhesion and T cell activation. Comparing high and low vaccine responders, we identified differentially methylated CpG sites (P value < 0.01) associated with HLA-DPB1 and IL6. Conclusion These data imply that epigenetic changes that occur during early childhood may be associated with antigen-specific antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pischedda
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. .,Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Galicia, Spain.
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - Benjamin P Fairfax
- MRC-Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Antonio Salas
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and GenPoB Research Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IDIS), Galicia, Spain
| | - Federico Martinon-Torres
- Genetics, Vaccines and Infections and Pediatrics Research Group (GENVIP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Johannes Trück
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, and The NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK. .,Division of Immunology and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Kadir NA, Acosta A, Sarmiento ME, Norazmi MN. Immunomodulatory Effects of Recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis Expressing Antigen-85B Epitopes in Infected J774A.1 Murine Macrophages. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121000. [PMID: 33260418 PMCID: PMC7761112 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) causes more than 1.5 million deaths each year, remaining a significant global health problem. Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) share features, which support the use of the former use in new generation TB vaccine development. In a previous study, the specific humoral and cellular immunogenicity of a recombinant M. smegmatis strain expressing epitopes from M. tuberculosis Ag85B protein (rMs064), was demonstrated in mice. In the current study, the immunomodulatory capacity of rMs064 was determined in a J774A.1 murine macrophage cell line. To determine the immunomodulatory effect of rMs064 in J774A.1 macrophages, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) was evaluated. The expression of activation surface markers (MHC-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86) and the production of cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-6) was also determined in rMs064 infected J774A.1 macrophages. Our findings showed the ability of rMs064 to induce substantial increases in macrophage activation markers expression; MHC class II and CD40, compared with M. smegmatis transformed with the empty vector (rMs012) and uninfected cells. rMs064 induced significant increases in IL-12p70 compared to uninfected cells. The expression of iNOS and CD86, and the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α were increased in rMs064 and rMs012, compared to uninfected cells. rMs064 demonstrated its immunomodulatory ability by stimulating the innate immune response, which supports its further evaluation as a TB vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Ayuni Kadir
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus 21300, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.-A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.E.S.); (M.-N.N.)
- Correspondence: (N.-A.K.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria E. Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.E.S.); (M.-N.N.)
| | - Mohd-Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia; (M.E.S.); (M.-N.N.)
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13
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Zheng Y, Bian L, Zhao H, Liu Y, Lu J, Liu D, Zhang K, Song Y, Luo Y, Jiang C, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Kong W. Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Subunit Vaccine With AS02 Adjuvant Elicits Balanced, Robust Humoral and Cellular Immunity in BALB/c Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:526965. [PMID: 33013922 PMCID: PMC7516270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.526965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory illness, particularly in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. There is no licensed commercial vaccine against RSV. Importantly, formalin-inactivated RSV vaccines mediate enhanced respiratory disease. RSV fusion (F) protein with pre-fusion conformation is a promising candidate subunit vaccine. However, some problems remain to be solved, such as low immunogenicity and humoral immunity bias. Adjuvants can effectively enhance and adjust vaccine immune responses. In this study, we formulated pre-fusion RSV-F protein with the adjuvants, Alhydrogel, MF59, AS03, AS02, and glycol chitosan (GCS). We then conducted head-to-head comparisons of vaccine-induced immune responses in BALB/c mice. All adjuvanted vaccines enhanced antigen-specific and neutralizing antibody titers and viral clearance and gave an order of adjuvant activity: AS02 > AS03, MF59 > GCS, and Alhydrogel. Among them, AS02 elicited the highest antibody expression, which persisted until week 18. Moreover, AS02 significantly enhanced Th1 type immune response in immunized mice. Mice in the AS02 group also showed faster recovery from viral attacks in challenge tests. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that AS02 regulates immune balance by activating TLR-4 and promotes Th1-type immune responses. These results suggest that AS02 may be an excellent candidate adjuvant for RSV-F subunit vaccines. This study also provides valuable information regarding the effect of other adjuvants on immune responses of RSV-F subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijun Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huiting Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yueshuang Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
| | - Yusi Luo
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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14
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Agina OA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Hamzah H. Clinical Pathology, Immunopathology and Advanced Vaccine Technology in Bovine Theileriosis: A Review. Pathogens 2020; 9:E697. [PMID: 32854179 PMCID: PMC7558346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileriosis is a blood piroplasmic disease that adversely affects the livestock industry, especially in tropical and sub-tropical countries. It is caused by haemoprotozoan of the Theileria genus, transmitted by hard ticks and which possesses a complex life cycle. The clinical course of the disease ranges from benign to lethal, but subclinical infections can occur depending on the infecting Theileria species. The main clinical and clinicopathological manifestations of acute disease include fever, lymphadenopathy, anorexia and severe loss of condition, conjunctivitis, and pale mucous membranes that are associated with Theileria-induced immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia and/or non-regenerative anaemia. Additionally, jaundice, increases in hepatic enzymes, and variable leukocyte count changes are seen. Theileria annulata and Theileria parva induce an incomplete transformation of lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, and these cells possess certain phenotypes of cancer cells. Pathogenic genotypes of Theileria orientalis have been recently associated with severe production losses in Southeast Asia and some parts of Europe. The infection and treatment method (ITM) is currently used in the control and prevention of T. parva infection, and recombinant vaccines are still under evaluation. The use of gene gun immunization against T. parva infection has been recently evaluated. This review, therefore, provides an overview of the clinicopathological and immunopathological profiles of Theileria-infected cattle and focus on DNA vaccines consisting of plasmid DNA with genes of interest, molecular adjuvants, and chitosan as the most promising next-generation vaccine against bovine theileriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Headquarters, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Veterinary Pre-clinical sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Research Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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15
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Schwestka J, Tschofen M, Vogt S, Marcel S, Grillari J, Raith M, Swoboda I, Stoger E. Plant-derived protein bodies as delivery vehicles for recombinant proteins into mammalian cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1037-1047. [PMID: 31956981 PMCID: PMC7079162 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of biopharmaceuticals into micro- or nanoparticles is a strategy frequently used to prevent degradation or to achieve the slow release of therapeutics and vaccines. Protein bodies (PBs), which occur naturally as storage organelles in seeds, can be used as such carrier vehicles. The fusion of the N-terminal sequence of the maize storage protein, γ-zein, to other proteins is sufficient to induce the formation of PBs, which can be used to bioencapsulate recombinant proteins directly in the plant production host. In addition, the immunostimulatory effects of zein have been reported, which are advantageous for vaccine delivery. However, little is known about the interaction between zein PBs and mammalian cells. To better understand this interaction, fluorescent PBs, resulting from the fusion of the N-terminal portion of zein to a green fluorescent protein, was produced in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, recovered by a filtration-based downstream procedure, and used to investigate their internalization efficiency into mammalian cells. We show that fluorescent PBs were efficiently internalized into intestinal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) at a higher rate than polystyrene beads of comparable size. Furthermore, we observed that PBs stimulated cytokine secretion by epithelial cells, a characteristic that may confer vaccine adjuvant activities through the recruitment of APCs. Taken together, these results support the use of zein fusion proteins in developing novel approaches for drug delivery based on controlled protein packaging into plant PBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Schwestka
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Marc Tschofen
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Vogt
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin AgingUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Marianne Raith
- Biotechnology Section, FH Campus WienUniversity of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna BiocenterViennaAustria
| | - Ines Swoboda
- Biotechnology Section, FH Campus WienUniversity of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna BiocenterViennaAustria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
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16
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Zheng HH, Wang LQ, Fu PF, Zheng LL, Chen HY, Liu F. Characterization of a recombinant pseudorabies virus expressing porcine parvovirus VP2 protein and porcine IL-6. Virol J 2020; 17:19. [PMID: 32014014 PMCID: PMC6998180 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-020-1292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine parvovirus (PPV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) are the important etiological agents of swine infectious diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the Chinese swine industry. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has the roles to support host immune response to infections as a pleiotropic cytokine. It is essential to construct a live attenuated vaccine-based recombinant PRV that expresses PPV VP2 protein and porcine IL-6 for prevention and control of PRV and PPV. Methods The recombinant plasmid, pGVP2-IL6, was constructed by porcine IL-6 gene substituting for EGFP gene of the PRV transfer plasmid pGVP2-EGFP containing VP2 gene of PPV. Plasmid pGVP2-IL6 was transfected into swine testicle cells pre-infected with the virus rPRV-VP2-EGFP strain through homologous recombination and plaque purification to generate a recombinant virus rPRV-VP2-IL6. The recombinant PRV was further identified by PCR and DNA sequencing, and the expression of the VP2 protein and porcine IL-6 was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The virus titer was calculated according to Reed and Muench method. The immunogenicity of the recombinant virus was preliminarily evaluated in mice by intramuscular administration twice with the rPRV-VP2-IL6 at 4-week intervals. Results A recombinant virus rPRV-VP2-IL6 was successfully constructed and confirmed in this study. The properties of rPRV-VP2-IL6 were similar to the parental virus HB98 in terms of growth curve, morphogenesis and virus plaque sizes, and rPRV-VP2-IL6 was proliferated in different cell types. It induced specific antibodies against PPV as well as a strong increase of PPV-specific lymphocyte proliferation responses in mice immunized with rPRV-VP2-IL6, and provided partial protection against the virulent PPV challenge. rPRV-VP2-IL6 also induced a high level of neutralizing antibodies against PRV, and significantly reduced the mortality rate of (1 of 10) following virulent PRV challenge compared with the control (10 of 10). Conclusions The recombinant rPRV-VP2-IL6 might be a potential candidate vaccine against PRV and PPV infections in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Life Science, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Fu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengdong New District Longzi Lake#15, 450046, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Aldon Y, Kratochvil S, Shattock RJ, McKay PF. Chemokine-Adjuvanted Plasmid DNA Induces Homing of Antigen-Specific and Non-Antigen-Specific B and T Cells to the Intestinal and Genital Mucosae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:903-913. [PMID: 31915263 PMCID: PMC6994839 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine platform that together with electroporation can elicit significant systemic Ab responses; however, immunity at mucosal sites remains low. In this study, we sought to program T and B cells to home to the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosae using genetic chemokine adjuvants and assessed their impact on immune homeostasis in various distinct immune compartments. BALB/c mice were immunized i.m. with plasmid DNA encoding a model Ag HIV-1 Env gp140 and selected chemokines/cytokine and boosted intravaginally with gp140 recombinant protein. Isolated splenocytes, intestinal lymphocytes, and genital lymphocytes as well as serum and intestinal luminal contents were assessed for Ag-specific reactivity. In addition, flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the impact on immune homeostasis at these sites. Different molecular chemokine/cytokine adjuvants effected significant alterations to the recruitment of B and T cells to the spleen, vaginal and intestinal mucosae, for example CCL25 enhanced splenic and vaginal Ag-specific T cell responses whereas CCL28 increased the levels of specific T cells only in the vaginal mucosa. The levels of Ab could be modulated in the systemic circulation, as well as the vaginal vault and intestinal lumen, with CCL20 playing a central role. Our data demonstrate that the CCL20, CCL25, and CCL28 genetic chemokine adjuvants enhance the vaccine Ag-specific humoral and cellular responses and induce homing to the intestinal and female genital mucosae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Aldon
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Sven Kratochvil
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J Shattock
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F McKay
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
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18
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Huang P, Cai J, Yu D, Tang J, Lu Y, Wu Z, Huang Y, Jian J. An IL-6 gene in humphead snapper (Lutjanus sanguineus): Identification, expression analysis and its adjuvant effects on Vibrio harveyi OmpW DNA vaccine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:546-555. [PMID: 31704205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays important role in mediating the innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogen infection. In this study, an IL-6 homolog (Ls-IL6) was identified and characterized from humphead snapper, Lutjanus sanguineus. The full-length cDNA of Ls-IL6 was 1066 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 639 bp encoding 212 amino acids, 5' untranslated region(UTR) of 63 bp and 3' UTR of 605 bp. The predicted Ls-IL6 protein had typical motif of IL-6 family and shared high identities to teleost IL-6s. Ls-IL6 extensively expressed in various tissues, and the highest expression of Ls-IL6 was detected in head kidney, spleen and thymus. In vivo, the transcript levels of Ls-IL6 were significantly up-regulated in response to Vibrio harveyi infection. Moreover, the DNA plasmid containing the OmpW of V. harveyi together with the gene encoding Ls-IL6 were successfully constructed and administered to fish, the protective efficacy of Ls-IL6 was investigated. Compared with the pcDNA-OmpW group, the level of specific antibodies against V. harveyi increased in pcDNA-IL6-OmpW injected group. After V. harveyi infection, the pcDNA-IL6-OmpW vaccinated fish showed higher relative percent survival (76%) than the relative survival of fish immunized with pcDNA-OmpW (60%). These results indicated that Ls-IL6 was involved in immune response against V. harveyi infection and could be applied as a promising adjuvant for DNA vaccines against V. harveyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pujiang Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Fisheries Service and Aquatic Product Technology Extension Center, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Guangxi Key Lab for Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanography, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, PR China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Zaohe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China
| | - Yucong Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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Yu H, Zou W, Xin S, Wang X, Mi C, Dai G, Zhang T, Zhang G, Xie K, Wang J, Qiu C. Association Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 5' Regulatory Region of the IL-6 Gene with Eimeria tenella Resistance in Jinghai Yellow Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10110890. [PMID: 31694169 PMCID: PMC6896108 DOI: 10.3390/genes10110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an immunoregulatory cytokine involved in various inflammatory and immune responses. To investigate the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of IL-6 on resistance to Eimeria tenella (E. tenella), SNPs in the 5' regulatory region of IL-6 were detected with direct sequencing, and the effects of SNPs and haplotypes on resistance to E. tenella were analyzed by the least square model in Jinghai yellow chickens. Nineteen SNPs were identified in the 5' regulation region of IL-6, among which three SNPs were newly discovered. The SNP association analysis results showed that nine of the SNPs were significantly associated with E. tenella resistance indexes; the A-483G locus was significantly associated with the GSH-Px, IL-2, and IL-17 indexes (p < 0.05); the C-447G locus was significantly associated with the SOD, GSH-Px, IL-17, and IL-2 indexes (p < 0.05); and the G-357A locus had significant effects on the CAT and IL-16 indexes (p < 0.05). Haplotype analysis showed that H2H3 and H2H5 were favorable haplotype combinations with good coccidium resistance. Furthermore, we used qRT-PCR and observed that the expression of IL-6 in the infection group was higher than that in the control group in the liver, proventriculus, small intestine, thymus, kidney, and bursa of Fabricius and extremely significantly different than that in the cecum especially (p < 0.01). In summary, SNPs and haplotypes in the 5' regulatory region of IL-6 have important effects on E. tenella resistance, and the results will provide a reference for molecular marker selection of E. tenella resistance in Jinghai yellow chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenbin Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Shijie Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Changhao Mi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-139-5275-0903
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.Y.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.W.); (C.M.); (T.Z.); (G.Z.); (K.X.); (J.W.)
| | - Cong Qiu
- Jiangsu Jinghai Poultry Group Co., Ltd., Haimen 226100, China;
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Enhancement of Immune Responses by Guanosine-Based Particles in DNA Plasmid Formulations against Infectious Diseases. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:3409371. [PMID: 31240233 PMCID: PMC6556318 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3409371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunogenicity of DNA vaccines can be efficiently improved by adding adjuvants into their formulations. In this regard, the application of nano- and microparticles as vaccines adjuvants, or delivery systems, provides a powerful tool in designing modern vaccines. In the present study, we examined the role of “Supramolecular Hacky Sacks” (SHS) particles, made via the hierarchical self-assembly of a guanosine derivative, as a novel immunomodulator for DNA plasmid preparations. These plasmids code for the proteins HIV-1 Gag (pGag), the wild-type vaccinia virus Western Reserve A27 (pA27L), or a codon-optimized version of the latter (pOD1A27Lopt), which is also linked to the sequence of the outer domain-1 (OD1) from HIV-1 gp120 protein. We evaluated the enhancement of the immune responses generated by our DNA plasmid formulations in a murine model through ELISpot and ELISA assays. The SHS particles increased the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells in mice independently immunized with pGag and pA27L plasmids. Moreover, the addition of SHS to pGag and pA27L DNA plasmid formulations enhanced the production of IFN-γ (Th1-type) over IL-4 (Th2-type) cellular immune responses. Furthermore, pGag and pA27L plasmids formulated with SHS, triggered the production of antigen-specific IgG in mice, especially the IgG2a isotype. However, no improvement of either of those adaptive immune responses was observed in mice receiving pOD1A27Lopt+SHS. Here, we demonstrated that SHS particles have the ability to improve both arms of adaptive immunity of plasmid coding “wild-type” antigens without additional strategies to boost their immunogenicity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SHS guanosine-based particles as DNA plasmid adjuvants.
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New Insights on the Adjuvant Properties of the Leishmania infantum Eukaryotic Initiation Factor. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9124326. [PMID: 31183394 PMCID: PMC6515109 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9124326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective tool against infectious diseases. Subunit vaccines are safer compared to live-attenuated vaccines but are less immunogenic and need to be delivered with an adjuvant. Adjuvants are essential for enhancing vaccine potency by improving humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Only a limited number of adjuvants are licensed for human vaccines, and their mode of action is still not clear. Leishmania eukaryotic initiation factor (LeIF) has been described having a dual role, as a natural adjuvant and as an antigen that possesses advantageous immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we assessed the adjuvant properties of recombinant Leishmania infantum eukaryotic initiation factor (LieIF) through in vitro and in vivo assays. LieIF was intraperitoneally administered in combination with the protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA), and the widely used alum was used as a reference adjuvant. Our in vitro studies using J774A.1 macrophages showed that LieIF induced stimulatory effects as demonstrated by the enhanced surface expression of CD80 and CD86 co-stimulatory molecules and the induced production of the immune mediators NO and MIP-1α. Additionally, LieIF co-administration with OVA in an in vivo murine model induced a proinflammatory environment as demonstrated by the elevated expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB2 genes in peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Furthermore, PEC derived from OVA-LieIF-immunized mice exhibited elevated expression of CD80 molecule and production of NO and MIP-1α in culture supernatants. Moreover, LieIF administration in the peritoneum of mice resulted in the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes at 24 h post-injection. Also, we showed that this immunopotentiating effect of LieIF did not depend on the induction of uric acid danger signal. These findings suggest the potential use of LieIF as adjuvant in new vaccine formulations against different infectious diseases.
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Liu ZF, Chen JL, Li WY, Fan MW, Li YH. FimH as a mucosal adjuvant enhances persistent antibody response and protective efficacy of the anti-caries vaccine. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 101:122-129. [PMID: 30927661 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the recombinant FimH-S.T protein could modulate immune response to anti-caries vaccine in vitro and in vivo. DESIGN Recombinant FimH protein derived from Salmonella was constructed and purified. The expression of dendritic cell maturation markers and cytokines release were performed by flow cytometry, Real-time PCR and ELISA. In addition, BALB/c mice were administered with anti-caries PAc vaccine plus FimH-S.T, antibody responses were evaluated by ELISA. Splenocytes of immunized mice were detected for their proliferative ability in response to in vitro retreatment with PAc antigen by flow cytometry. Caries protection against dental caries formation was also investigated. RESULTS The purified FimH-S.T induced phenotypic maturation of DC2.4 by up-regulating the expression of costimulatory molecules and MHC II, provoked the production and secretion of cytokines via TLR4-dependent signaling pathway in vitro. Furthermore, the mice immunized with the mixture of FimH-S.T and PAc significantly enhanced the PAc-specific antibodies in the serum along with saliva and promoted splenocyte proliferation. Our results also confirmed that PAc+FimH-S.T decreased the caries lesions formation which provided high protective efficacy against dental caries. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that recombinant FimH-S.T could enhance specific IgA responses and protection of anti-caries vaccine, possessing mucosal adjuvant ability by activating DC2.4 via TLR4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Fang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Jun-Lan Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Wu-You Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China
| | - Ming-Wen Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China.
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079,China.
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Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: recent updates and future perspectives. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1501-1513. [PMID: 30888563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major worldwide viral disease in animals, affecting the national and international trade of livestock and animal products and leading to high economic losses and social consequences. Effective control measures of FMD involve prevention through vaccination with inactivated vaccines. These inactivated vaccines, unfortunately, require short-term protection and cold-chain and high-containment facilities. Major advances and pursuit of hot topics in vaccinology and vectorology are ongoing, involving peptide vaccines, DNA vaccines, live vector vaccines, and novel attenuated vaccines. DIVA capability and marker vaccines are very important in differentiating infected animals from vaccinated animals. This review focuses on updating the research progress of these novel vaccines, summarizing their merits and including ideas for improvement.
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Chiodetti AL, Sánchez Vallecillo MF, Dolina JS, Crespo MI, Marin C, Schoenberger SP, Allemandi DA, Palma SD, Pistoresi-Palencia MC, Morón G, Maletto BA. Class-B CpG-ODN Formulated With a Nanostructure Induces Type I Interferons-Dependent and CD4 + T Cell-Independent CD8 + T-Cell Response Against Unconjugated Protein Antigen. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2319. [PMID: 30364187 PMCID: PMC6192457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for new vaccine adjuvant strategies that offer both vigorous antibody and T-cell mediated protection to combat difficult intracellular pathogens and cancer. To this aim, we formulated class-B synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated cytosine-guanine motifs (CpG-ODN) with a nanostructure (Coa-ASC16 or coagel) formed by self-assembly of 6-0-ascorbyl palmitate ester. Our previous results demonstrated that mice immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and CpG-ODN formulated with Coa-ASC16 (OVA/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16) elicited strong antibodies (IgG1 and IgG2a) and Th1/Th17 cellular responses without toxic systemic effects. These responses were superior to those induced by a solution of OVA with CpG-ODN or OVA/CpG-ODN formulated with aluminum salts. In this study, we investigated the capacity of this adjuvant strategy (CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16) to elicit CD8+ T-cell response and some of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in adaptive response. We also analyzed whether this adjuvant strategy allows a switch from an immunization scheme of three-doses to one of single-dose. Our results demonstrated that vaccination with OVA/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 elicited an antigen-specific long-lasting humoral response and importantly-high quality CD8+ T-cell immunity with a single-dose immunization. Moreover, Coa-ASC16 promoted co-uptake of OVA and CpG-ODN by dendritic cells. The CD8+ T-cell response induced by OVA/CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 was dependent of type I interferons and independent of CD4+ T-cells, and showed polyfunctionality and efficiency against an intracellular pathogen. Furthermore, the cellular and humoral responses elicited by the nanostructured formulation were IL-6-independent. This system provides a simple and inexpensive adjuvant strategy with great potential for future rationally designed vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Chiodetti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María F. Sánchez Vallecillo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Joseph S. Dolina
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - María I. Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Constanza Marin
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Stephen P. Schoenberger
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Daniel A. Allemandi
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Santiago D. Palma
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Unidad de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C. Pistoresi-Palencia
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Morón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Belkys A. Maletto
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Córdoba, Argentina
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Xin S, Wang X, Dai G, Zhang J, An T, Zou W, Zhang G, Xie K, Wang J. Bioinformatics Analysis of SNPs in IL-6 Gene Promoter of Jinghai Yellow Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9090446. [PMID: 30200658 PMCID: PMC6162446 DOI: 10.3390/genes9090446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), plays a critical role in many chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease. To investigate the regulation of IL-6 gene expression at the molecular level, genomic DNA sequencing of Jinghai yellow chickens (Gallus gallus) was performed to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region -2200 base pairs (bp) upstream to 500 bp downstream of IL-6. Transcription factor binding sites and CpG islands in the IL-6 promoter region were predicted using bioinformatics software. Twenty-eight SNP sites were identified in IL-6. Four of these 28 SNPs, three [-357 (G > A), -447 (C > G), and -663 (A > G)] in the 5' regulatory region and one in the 3' non-coding region [3177 (C > T)] are not labelled in GenBank. Bioinformatics analysis revealed 11 SNPs within the promoter region that altered putative transcription factor binding sites. Furthermore, the C-939G mutation in the promoter region may change the number of CpG islands, and SNPs in the 5' regulatory region may influence IL-6 gene expression by altering transcription factor binding or CpG methylation status. Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the newly discovered A-663G site significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These results provide a basis for further exploration of the promoter function of the IL-6 gene and the relationships of these SNPs to intestinal inflammation resistance in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Guojun Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Tingting An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Wenbin Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Genxi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Kaizhou Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Key Lab for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Guo M, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. Comparative study of the adjuvant potential of four Th0 cytokines of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on an E. tarda subunit vaccine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 86:147-155. [PMID: 29746982 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines have the potential as adjuvants for the application of vaccines in mammals. However, the adjuvant potential of teleost cytokines was limited. In the present work, the adjuvant effects of four recombinant cytokines including IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and G-CSF on E. tarda subunit vaccine rOmpV were comparatively investigated in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Compared with control, the levels of specific serum antibodies and IgM + B lymphocytes were significantly enhanced by rIL-1β, rIL-8 and rG-CSF, whereas rIL-1β and rIL-8 induced significantly higher levels than rG-CSF. All four cytokines enhanced the expression of genes involved in humoral and/or cellular immunities, whereas rIL-1β and rIL-8 induced highest levels of genes involved in humoral immunities and cellular immunities, respectively. Compared to the relative percent survivals (RPS) of control group (40%) and rOmpV plus rG-CSF group (54%), rOmpV plus rIL-1β or rIL-8 produced higher RPS of 75% and 68%, respectively. Our results indicated that rIL-1β and rIL-8 are promising adjuvants for subunit vaccines against E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Enhanced immune responses to E2 protein and DNA formulated with ISA 61 VG administered as a DNA prime–protein boost regimen against bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vaccine 2018; 36:5591-5599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Guo M, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. The effects of IL-1β, IL-8, G-CSF and TNF-α as molecular adjuvant on the immune response to an E. tarda subunit vaccine in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:374-384. [PMID: 29626667 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines play vital roles in mounting immune responses and activating host defense network. In this study, the expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 (pcN3) encoding four flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8 or G-CSF (pcIL-1β, pcTNF-α, pcIL-8 and pcG-CSF) were successfully constructed, and their adjuvant potential on an Edwardsiella tarda (E. tarda) subunit vaccine OmpV (rOmpV) were comparatively analyzed in vaccinated flounder model. Results revealed that flounder vaccinated with rOmpV plus pcIL-1β, pcIL-8 or pcG-CSF produced the relative percent survivals (RPS) of 71%, 65% and 49% respectively, which were higher than that in flounder vaccinated with rOmpV plus pcTNF-α (39%) or pcN3 (36%, the control group). Immunological analysis showed that: (1) except pcTNF-α, higher levels of anti-E. tarda serum antibodies and sIg + lymphocytes in spleen, head kidney and peripheral blood were significantly enhanced by pcIL-1β, pcIL-8 or pcG-CSF, however, pcIL-8 and pcIL-1β enhanced higher levels of sIg + lymphocytes and anti-E. tarda antibodies than pcG-CSF; (2) pcTNF-α could promote the up-regulation of genes participated in cellular immunity (MHCIα, IFN-γ, CD8α and CD8β), pcIL-1β could enhance the expression of genes related to humoral immunity (CD4-1, CD4-2, MHCIIα and IgM), and all the detected genes were augmented by pcIL-8 and pcG-CSF; Among the four cytokines, pcIL-8 and pcIL-1β could strengthen the highest levels of genes participated in cellular immunity and humoral immunity, respectively. These results demonstrated that pcIL-8 and pcIL-1β could enhance stronger cellular and/or humoral immunity induced by rOmpV than pcG-CSF and pcTNF-α, and evoked higher RPS against E. tarda challenge in flounder, which indicated that pcIL-8 and pcIL-1β are promising adjuvants of vaccines in controlling E. tarda infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China.
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Nguyen TTT, Nguyen HT, Wang PC, Chen SC. Identification and expression analysis of two pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-8, in cobia (Rachycentron canadum L.) in response to Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:159-171. [PMID: 28600195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) play pivotal roles in mediating inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. In this study, we identified and analyzed expressions of cobia TNF-α and IL-8 during Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection. The cloned cDNA transcript of cobia TNF-α comprised of 1281 base pairs (bp), with a 774 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 257 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of cobia TNF-α showed a close relationship (84% similarity) with TNF-α of yellowtail amberjack. The cloned IL-8 cDNA sequence was 828 bp long, including a 300-bp ORF encoding 99 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of cobia IL-8 shared 90% identity with IL-8 of striped trumpeter. Cobia challenged with a virulent S. dysgalactiae strain displayed an early significant up-regulation of TNF-α and IL-8 in head kidney, liver, and spleen. Notably, IL-8 expression level increased dramatically in the liver at the severe stage of infection (72 h). In conclusion, a better understanding of TNF-α and IL-8 allows more detailed investigation of immune responses in cobia and furthers study on controlling the infectious disease caused by S. dysgalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Hai Trong Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chyi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Guo M, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. The Immune Adjuvant Effects of Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) Interleukin-6 on E. tarda Subunit Vaccine OmpV. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071445. [PMID: 28678171 PMCID: PMC5535936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a pleiotropic cytokine was widely used as an effective adjuvant for vaccines in mammals. In this study, the immune adjuvant effects of two forms of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) IL-6, including recombinant IL-6 (rIL-6) and pcDNA3.1-IL-6 (pcIL-6), were evaluated and comparatively analyzed on E. tarda subunit vaccine recombinant outer membrane protein V (rOmpV). The results showed that the relative percent survivals of flounder vaccinated with rOmpV plus rIL-6 or pcIL-6 were significantly higher than that in the two control groups, rOmpV plus recombinant 6× histidine-tag (rHis) or empty expression vector pcDNA3.1 (pcN3). The levels of specific serum antibodies and surface membrane immunoglobulin-positive (sIg+) lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and head kidney in the two adjuvant groups were also much higher than that in the two control groups. Compared with the two control groups, higher upregulated expressions of major histocompatibility complex class Iα (MHCIα), cluster of differentiation 8α (CD8α), MHCIIα, CD4-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected in flounder vaccinated with rOmpV plus rIL-6 or pcIL-6 after challenge. In addition, the rOmpV plus rIL-6 could induce significant higher levels of specific serum antibodies, sIg+ lymphocytes and four genes expressions than rOmpV plus pcIL-6. These results demonstrated that both rIL-6 and pcIL-6 used as adjuvants could enhance the immune response and evoke immune protections against E. tarda infection, which has a significant value in controlling diseases using vaccines in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Guo
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, No. 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Jimo, Qingdao 266071, China.
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You SH, Kim T, Choi JH, Park G, Lee KN, Kim B, Lee MH, Kim HS, Kim SM, Park JH. Coinjection of a vaccine and anti-viral agents can provide fast-acting protection from foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:195-204. [PMID: 28454913 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is the cause of an economically devastating animal disease. With commercial inactivated FMD vaccines, the protection against FMD virus (FMDV) begins a minimum of 4 days post vaccination (dpv). Therefore, antiviral agents could be proposed for rapid protection and to reduce the spread of FMDV during outbreaks until vaccine-induced protective immunity occurs. In previous studies, we have developed two recombinant adenoviruses that simultaneously express porcine interferon-α and interferon-γ (Ad-porcine IFN-αγ) and multiple siRNAs that target the non-structural protein-regions of FMDV (Ad-3siRNA), and we have shown that the combination of the two antiviral agents (referred to here as Ad combination) induced robust protection against FMDV in pigs. In an attempt to provide complete protection against FMDV, we co-administered Ad combination and the FMD vaccine to mice and pigs. In the C57BL/6 mice model, we observed rapid and continuous protection against homologous FMDV challenge from 1 to 3 dpv-the period in which vaccine-mediated immunity is absent. In the pig experiments, we found that most of the pigs (five out of six) that received vaccine + Ad combination and were challenged with FMDV at 1 or 2 dpv were clinically protected from FMDV. In addition, most of the pigs that received vaccine + Ad combination and all pigs inoculated with the vaccine only were clinically protected from an FMDV challenge at 7 dpv. We believe that the antiviral agent ensures early protection from FMDV, and the vaccine participates in protection after 7 dpv. Therefore, we can say that the combination of the FMD vaccine and effective antiviral agents may offer both fast-acting and continuous protection against FMDV. In further studies, we plan to design coadministration of Ad combination and novel vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hwa You
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea; Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeseong Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hyung Choi
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gundo Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byounghan Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Heon Lee
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Veterinary College of Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Hyeon Park
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research Center, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Sandes S, Alvim L, Silva B, Acurcio L, Santos C, Campos M, Santos C, Nicoli J, Neumann E, Nunes Á. Selection of new lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features from mucosal microbiota of healthy calves: Looking for immunobiotics through in vitro and in vivo approaches for immunoprophylaxis applications. Microbiol Res 2017; 200:1-13. [PMID: 28527759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
From the birth, since their mucosal microbiota and immune system are not fully developed, newborn calves are susceptible to several mucosal pathogenic microorganisms. Operating through humoral and non-humoral mechanisms in the host, several lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features are often employed in livestock as food supplement, improving animal production performance, promoting health and reducing the severity of mucosal infections. Accordingly, we isolated, species-level identified and screened for their probiotic potentials seventy lactic acid bacteria strains from upper airway, vaginal and intestinal mucosa of healthy calves. Based on in vitro approaches, we selected three strains: Lactobacillus fermentum V3B-08 isolated from upper airway mucosa, Weissella hellenica V1V-30 isolated from vaginal mucosa and Lactobacillus farciminis B4F-06 isolated from intestinal mucosa were used to mono-colonize germ-free mice in the same site in which these strains were isolated, aiming to characterize their immunomodulatory features. These strains were able to colonize germ-free mice mucosa and trigger sIgA synthesis at a local level, in addition to stimulating, in different ways, adaptive immune responses at a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luige Alvim
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Acurcio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cinara Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Campos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Berzi A, Ordanini S, Joosten B, Trabattoni D, Cambi A, Bernardi A, Clerici M. Pseudo-Mannosylated DC-SIGN Ligands as Immunomodulants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35373. [PMID: 27734954 PMCID: PMC5062166 DOI: 10.1038/srep35373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DC-SIGN, a C-type lectin mainly expressed by DCs, mediates antigen uptake and can induce specific immune responses, depending on the ligand involved. Owing to these properties, DC-SIGN is an attracting target for approaches aimed at tailoring the immune response towards specific immunologic outcomes. A multivalent DC-SIGN ligand (Polyman26), containing at its core a fluorescent "rod-like" spacer and able to inhibit DC-SIGN mediated HIV infection in nanomolar concentration, has been recently developed by our group. We investigated the internalization pattern and the ability of Polyman26 to elicit innate immune responses. Results obtained by confocal microscopy indicate that Polyman26 is internalized by DCs via receptor- mediated endocytosis and is then routed to endolysosomal compartments, thus being presented together with MHC class II molecules, with important implications for the development of vaccines. Moreover, Polyman26 up-regulated the production of β-chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα) as well as the expression of TLR9 and CD40L. These results indicate that glycomimetic DC-SIGN ligands should be further investigated and suggest that these compounds could be used to differentially stimulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berzi
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Ordanini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 9101 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Chair of Immunology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 9101 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.lli VCervi 93, 20090 Milan, Italy.,Don C. Gnocchi Foundation, IRCCS, Via Capecelatro 66, 20148 Milan, Italy
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Kotla S, Sanghratna Vishanath B, H.J. D, K. G, V.V.S. S, Reddy G. DNA vaccine (P1-2A-3C-pCDNA) co-administered with Bovine IL-18 gives protective immune response against Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle. Vet Microbiol 2016; 193:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fernández-Ruiz M, Humar A, Baluch A, Keshwani S, Husain S, Kumar D. Baseline serum interleukin-6 to interleukin-2 ratio is associated with the response to seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in solid organ transplant recipients. Vaccine 2015; 33:7176-7182. [PMID: 26555352 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of pre- and post-vaccination B-cell-associated cytokines might be useful in predicting the immunogenicity of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. METHODS We performed a subanalysis of a clinical trial that compared the safety and efficacy of high-dose intradermal (ID) versus intramuscular (IM) TIV in SOT recipients. Serum levels of selected cytokines (interferon [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-21, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) were measured pre- and one month post-vaccination in 155 patients (with 84 and 71 receiving the ID and IM vaccines, respectively). Cytokine profiles were compared according to vaccine response (seroconversion [≥4-fold increase in hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers] to ≥1 influenza vaccine antigen). RESULTS Mean baseline IL-6 levels were higher (1.20 versus 0.65pg/mL; P-value=0.021) and IL-2 levels were lower (0.01 versus 0.50pg/mL; P-value=0.051) in patients achieving vaccine response. After adjusting for clinical variables, baseline IL-6/IL-2 ratio remained predictive of vaccine response (odds ratio per 10-unit increment: 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.10; P-value=0.002). Vaccination induced an increase in TNF-α (P-value <0.0001) and a decrease in IL-5 levels (P-value=0.0007). There were no significant differences in cytokine kinetics between vaccine responders and non-responders. Mean baseline TNF-α levels were higher in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe adverse events after vaccination (1.93 versus 1.72pg/mL; P-value=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Baseline serum IL-6 and IL-2 levels, two cytokines that modulate the role of CD4(+) T follicular helper cells and the terminal differentiation of B-cells, predict vaccine response in SOT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atul Humar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aliyah Baluch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shanil Keshwani
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahid Husain
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Liu Q, Zheng X, Zhang C, Shao X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Jiang X. Conjugating influenza a (H1N1) antigen to n-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan nanoparticles improves the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1807-15. [PMID: 25959372 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most serious infectious respiratory diseases, influenza A (H1N1) is a great threat to human health, and it has created an urgent demand for effective vaccines. Nasal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immune responses against viruses, and it can serve as an ideal route for vaccination. However, the low immunogenicity of antigens on nasal mucosa is a high barrier for the development of nasal vaccines. In this study, we covalently conjugated an influenza A (H1N1) antigen to the surface of N-trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate chitosan (TMC) nanoparticles (H1N1-TMC/NP) through thioester bonds to increase the immunogenicity of the antigen after nasal administration. SDS-PAGE revealed that most of the antigen was conjugated on TMC nanoparticles, and an in vitro biological activity assay confirmed the stability of the antigen after conjugation. After three nasal immunizations, the H1N1-TMC/NP induced significantly higher levels of serum IgG and mucosal sIgA compared with free antigen. A hemagglutination inhibition assay showed that H1N1-TMC/NP induced much more protective antibodies than antigen-encapsulated nanoparticles or alum-precipitated antigen (I.M.). In the mechanistic study, H1N1-TMC/NP was shown to stimulate macrophages to produce IL-1β and IL-6 and to stimulate spleen lymphocytes to produce IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicated that H1N1-TMC/NP may be an effective vaccine against influenza A (H1N1) viruses for use in nasal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xiayan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, P. R. China
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Li HS, Piao DC, Jiang T, Bok JD, Cho CS, Lee YS, Kang SK, Choi YJ. Recombinant interleukin 6 with M cell-targeting moiety produced in Lactococcus lactis IL1403 as a potent mucosal adjuvant for peroral immunization. Vaccine 2015; 33:1959-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Bovine adenovirus-3 as a vaccine delivery vehicle. Vaccine 2014; 33:493-9. [PMID: 25498212 PMCID: PMC7115382 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of vaccines is an effective and relatively inexpensive means of controlling infectious diseases, which cause heavy economic losses to the livestock industry through animal loss, decreased productivity, treatment expenses and decreased carcass quality. However, some vaccines produced by conventional means are imperfect in many respects including virulence, safety and efficacy. Moreover, there are no vaccines for some animal diseases. Although genetic engineering has provided new ways of producing effective vaccines, the cost of production for veterinary use is a critical criterion for selecting the method of production and delivery of vaccines. The cost effective production and intrinsic ability to enter cells has made adenovirus vectors a highly efficient tool for delivery of vaccine antigens. Moreover, adenoviruses induce both humoral and cellular immune responses to expressed vaccine antigens. Since nonhuman adenoviruses are species specific, the development of animal specific adenoviruses as vaccine delivery vectors is being evaluated. This review summarizes the work related to the development of bovine adenovirus-3 as a vaccine delivery vehicle in animals, particularly cattle.
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Su J, Li J, Zheng H, You Y, Luo X, Li Y, Li X, Ma X, Li J, Dou Y, Cai X. Adjuvant effects of L. acidophilus LW1 on immune responses to the foot-and-mouth disease virus DNA vaccine in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104446. [PMID: 25119375 PMCID: PMC4131892 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The adjuvant effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on DNA vaccination are not fully understood. It has been hypothesized that swine-derived Lactobacillus acidophilus SW1 (LASW1) could function as an immune adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific immune responses after foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) DNA vaccination in mice. To evaluate the effect of oral LASW1 on the immune response to a DNA vaccine (pRC/CMV-vp1) harboring FMD VP1 gene, anti-FMDV antibody and its isotypes, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine detection were investigated. The results showed that LASW1 was able to enhance FMDV-specific antibody levels and FMDV-neutralizing antibodies. After a booster vaccine, the anti-FMDV antibody titers and FMDV-neutralizing antibodies levels induced by pRC/CMV-vp1 were higher in mice treated with LSAW1 than in the group immunized with pRC/CMV-vp1 alone (the control). Using T-cell proliferation, the stimulation index of the LASW1 group was significantly higher in response to ConA and 146S antigen (P<0.05) than in the control group. Importantly, higher concentrations of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-producing cells were also observed in splenocytes isolated from the experimental LASW1 mice, indicating that INF-γ secretion is important to the immune response to LASW1. The results indicate that LASW1 is a promising immune adjuvant in DNA vaccination against FMD when administrated orally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, RP China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yanan You
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yungang Li
- Shandong Provincial Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xueqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Junjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (XPC); (YXD)
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Lanzhou, PR China
- * E-mail: (XPC); (YXD)
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40
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Jiang X, Yu M, Qiao X, Liu M, Tang L, Jiang Y, Cui W, Li Y. Up-regulation of MDP and tuftsin gene expression in Th1 and Th17 cells as an adjuvant for an oral Lactobacillus casei vaccine against anti-transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8301-12. [PMID: 24993357 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and tuftsin in oral immune adjustment remains unclear, particularly in a Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) vaccine. To address this, we investigated the effects of different repetitive peptides expressed by L. casei, specifically the MDP and tuftsin fusion protein (MT) repeated 20 and 40 times (20MT and 40MT), in mice also expressing the D antigenic site of the spike (S) protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) on intestinal and systemic immune responses and confirmed the immunoregulation of these peptides. Treatment of mice with a different vaccine consisting of L. casei expressing MDP and tuftsin stimulated humoral and cellular immune responses. Both 20MT and 40MT induced an increase in IgG and IgA levels against TGEV, as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Increased IgG and IgA resulted in the activation of TGEV-neutralising antibody activity in vitro. In addition, 20MT and 40MT stimulated the differentiation of innate immune cells, including T helper cell subclasses and regulatory T (Treg) cells, which induced robust T helper type 1 and T helper type 17 (Th17) responses and reduced Treg T cell immune responses in the 20MT and 40MT groups, respectively. Notably, treatment of mice with L. casei expressing 20MT and 40MT enhanced the anti-TGEV antibody immune responses of both the humoral and mucosal immune systems. These findings suggest that L. casei expressing MDP and tuftsin possesses substantial immunopotentiating properties, as it can induce humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses upon oral administration, and it may be useful in oral vaccines against TGEV challenge.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/administration & dosage
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/genetics
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/immunology
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Female
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/immunology
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/prevention & control
- Gastroenteritis, Transmissible, of Swine/virology
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/genetics
- Lacticaseibacillus casei/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/administration & dosage
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Swine
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/genetics
- Transmissible gastroenteritis virus/immunology
- Tuftsin/administration & dosage
- Tuftsin/genetics
- Tuftsin/immunology
- Up-Regulation
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Jiang
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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Kumar P, Ayalew LE, Godson DL, Gaba A, Babiuk LA, Tikoo SK. Mucosal immunization of calves with recombinant bovine adenovirus-3 coexpressing truncated form of bovine herpesvirus-1 gD and bovine IL-6. Vaccine 2014; 32:3300-6. [PMID: 24731813 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an important role of the cytokine adjuvant IL-6 in the induction of mucosal immune responses in animals, including mice. Here, we report the in vivo ability of bovine adenovirus (BAdV)-3 expressing bovine (Bo) IL-6, to influence the systemic and mucosal immune responses against bovine herpesvirus (BHV)-1 gDt in calves. To co-express both antigen and cytokine, we first constructed a recombinant BAdV-3 expressing chimeric gDt.BoIL-6 protein (BAV326). Secondly, we constructed another recombinant BAdV-3 simultaneously expressing gDt and BoIL-6 using IRES containing a bicistronic cassette gDt-IRES.IL-6, (BAV327). Recombinant proteins expressed by BAV326 and BAV327 retained antigenicity (gDt) and biological activity (BoIL-6). Intranasal immunization of calves with recombinant BAV326, BAV327 or BAV308 (gDt alone) resulted in demonstrable levels of gDt-specific IgG responses in sera and IgA response in nasal secretions, in all animals. In addition, all calves developed complement-independent neutralizing antibody responses against BHV-1. However, no significant difference could be observed in the induction of systemic or mucosal immune response in animals immunized with recombinant BAV326 or BAV327 co-expressing BoIL-6. Moreover, there was no difference in the protection against BHV-1 challenge particularly in the amount of virus excretion in the nasal cavity in calves immunized with BAV326, BAV327 or BAV308. These data suggest that the BoIL-6 had no modulating effect on the induction of gDt specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dale L Godson
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Amit Gaba
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lorne A Babiuk
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- VIDO-InterVac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Gowane GR, Sharma AK, Sankar M, Narayanan K, Bisht P, Subramaniam S, Pattnaik B. The expression of IL6 and 21 in crossbred calves upregulated by inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 25:108-18. [PMID: 24555796 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2013.834826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important disease and a whole-virus inactivated trivalent virus vaccine is the mainstay for controlling the disease in India. The protective humoral immune response to FMD vaccination is a complex, but, tightly regulated process mediated by the interplay of interleukins (IL). Based on the specific role of IL6 and 21 in adaptive immune response, we hypothesized that inactivated trivalent FMD vaccine would stimulate IL6 and 21 expression in the circulating lymphocytes. The expressions of IL6 and 21 were assayed on 0, 28, 60, 90, and 120 d post-vaccination (DPV) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) with simultaneous assessment of FMDV antibody titer by liquid phase blocking ELISA. The results revealed that the peak expression of IL6 and 21 was on DPV 28 which correlated well with the FMDV antibody titer and plummeted to the prevaccination titer level by 60 DPV. As IL21 is the final effector of antibody production as compared to IL6, we investigated the expression of IL21 in calves that had protective titer (>1.8) with the unprotected group (<1.8). Expression of IL21 on 28 DPV was numerically higher in the protected than that of the unprotected group of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Gowane
- a Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute , Avikanagar , Rajasthan , India
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Berzi A, Varga N, Sattin S, Antonazzo P, Biasin M, Cetin I, Trabattoni D, Bernardi A, Clerici M. Pseudo-mannosylated DC-SIGN ligands as potential adjuvants for HIV vaccines. Viruses 2014; 6:391-403. [PMID: 24473338 PMCID: PMC3939462 DOI: 10.3390/v6020391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new and effective adjuvants may play a fundamental role in improving HIV vaccine efficacy. New classes of vaccine adjuvants activate innate immunity receptors, notably toll like receptors (TLRs). Adjuvants targeting the C-Type lectin receptor DC-SIGN may be alternative or complementary to adjuvants based on TRL activation. Herein we evaluate the ability of the glycomimetic DC-SIGN ligand Polyman 19 (PM 19) to modulate innate immune responses. Results showed that PM 19 alone, or in combination with TLR agonists, induces the expression of cytokines, β chemokines and co-stimulatory molecules that may, in turn, modulate adaptive immunity and exert anti-viral effects. These results indicate that the suitability of this compound as a vaccine adjuvant should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Berzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via GB. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Norbert Varga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C.Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sattin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C.Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Antonazzo
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via GB. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via GB. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Irene Cetin
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via GB. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Via GB. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via C.Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via F.lli VCervi 93, 20090 Milan, Italy.
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Novel polysaccharide from Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan can improve immune response to ovalbumin in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:121-8. [PMID: 24418339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral administration of the polysaccharide from the Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan (RCPS) for its adjuvant potential on the specific cellular and humoral immune responses in mice. In this study, our data demonstrated that oral administration of RCPS significantly enhanced the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophage, splenocyte proliferation, the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and OVA-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers. Furthermore, RCPS promoted the level of interleukin-2(IL-2), IFN-γ and IL-4 in CD4(+)T cells and level of IFN-γ in CD8(+)T cells. In addition, RCPS enhanced the expression of CD40(+), CD80(+) and CD86(+) on the dendritic cells (DCs). Importantly, RCPS down-regulated the frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg cells. Taken together, these results suggested that RCPS could increase both cellular and humoral immune responses via up-regulating DCs maturation, and suppressing Treg frequency.
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45
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Gülçe İz S, Döşkaya M, Borrego B, Rodriguez F, Gürüz Y, Gürhan İD. Co-expression of the Bcl-xL antiapoptotic protein enhances the induction of Th1-like immune responses in mice immunized with DNA vaccines encoding FMDV B and T cell epitopes. Vet Res Commun 2013; 37:187-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-013-9560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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46
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Feng H, Du X, Tang J, Cao X, Han X, Chen Z, Chen Y, Zeng X. Enhancement of the immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in mice by oral administration of a Novel polysaccharide from the roots of Radix Cyathulae officinalis Kuan (RC). Cell Immunol 2013; 281:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fu RH, Liu SP, Chu CL, Lin YH, Ho YC, Chiu SC, Lin WY, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Myricetin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells through suppression of IKK/NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:76-84. [PMID: 22689051 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myricetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is found in many fruits, vegetables, teas and medicinal herbs. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties, but, to date, no studies have described the immunomodulatory effects of myricetin on the functions of dendritic cells (DCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for myricetin to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated activation of mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. RESULTS Our experimental data showed that treatment with myricetin up to 10 µg mL(-1) does not cause cytotoxicity in cells. Myricetin significantly decreased the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-12p70 by LPS-stimulated DCs. The expression of LPS-induced major histocompatibility class II, CD40 and CD86 on DCs was also inhibited by myricetin, and the endocytic and migratory capacity of LPS-stimulated DCs was blocked by myricentin. In addition, LPS-stimulated DC-elicited allogeneic T-cell proliferation was reduced by myricetin. Moreover, our results confirmed that myricetin attenuates the responses of LPS-stimulated activation of DCs via suppression of IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathways. CONCLUSION Myricetin has novel immunopharmacological activity, and modulation of DCs by myricetin may be an attractive strategy for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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48
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Su B, Wang J, Zhao G, Wang X, Li J, Wang B. Sequential administration of cytokine genes to enhance cellular immune responses and CD4 (+) T memory cells during DNA vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1659-67. [PMID: 23151452 DOI: 10.4161/hv.22105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen specific memory T cells (Tm) have shown to be an important factor in protecting hosts against subsequent infection by previously encountered pathogens. During T-cell activation, several cytokines including IL-6, IL-7 and IL-15, play crucial roles in the development of T cells into memory T cells. With the aim of generating specific Tm, we examined a strategy of sequential administration of molecular adjuvants. In this strategy a DNA vaccine encoding the VP1 capsid protein of foot and mouth disease virus (designated pcD-VP1) was co-delivered to mice along with an IL-6 expressing plasmid (pVAX-IL-6) as an initial molecular adjuvant and boosted with either an IL-7 or IL-15 expressing plasmid, (pVAX-IL-7 or proVAX-IL-15) as the secondary adjuvant. During the pcD-VP1 immunization, we demonstrated that the groups primed with IL-6 and boosted with either IL-7 or IL-15 resulted in the enhancement of cellular and humoral immune responses, maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, and a higher frequency of CD4 (+) Tm (characterized by expressing CD44 (high) CD62L (low) markers, compared with the other groups). Thus, we took advantage of the different effects of cytokines on T cell development, not only to induce a higher level of immune responses after vaccination, but also to generate a higher ratio of CD4 (+) Tm in this sequential cytokine prime-boost study. This would then lead to the mounting of an effective long-term antigen specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Su
- State Key Laboratories of Agro-biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University; Beijing, P.R. China
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49
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Chen HH, Lin HT, Foung YF, Han-You Lin J. The bioactivity of teleost IL-6: IL-6 protein in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) induces Th2 cell differentiation pathway and antibody production. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:285-294. [PMID: 22858412 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a protein secreted by T cells and macrophages and plays an important role in immune response. IL-6 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, and elicits immunoglobulin production in B cells. In this study, the cDNA il-6 (gil-6) sequence of the orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was obtained. The deduced IL-6 (gIL-6) protein comprised 223 amino acids, the sequence shared approximately 30% similarity with mammalian IL-6, and between 47% and 69% similarity with other available teleost IL-6. The protein comprises the signal peptide, the IL-6 family signature, and conserved amino acid residues found in IL-6 sequences of other teleost. In order to understand the bioactivity and influence of gIL-6 on humoral immune response, recombinant gIL-6 (rgIL-6) synthesized by prokaryotes was injected into orange spotted groupers, and the immune-related gene expression at various times in various organs was observed. Our results revealed that the Th1 specific transcription factor t-bet was down-regulated and Th2 specific transcription factors gata3, and c-maf were up-regulated in immune organs, following IL-6 stimulation. Additionally, higher levels of igm mRNA and translated protein were detected in rgIL-6 stimulated fish. These results indicate that IL-6 in groupers regulates the differentiation of naїve T helper cells into Th2 cells and elicits the production of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hung Chen
- Biotechnology and Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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Vignesh AR, Dhinakar Raj G, Dhanasekaran S, Tirumurugaan KG, Raja A. Comparative in vitro toll-like receptor ligand induced cytokine profiles of Toda and Murrah buffaloes-Identification of tumour necrosis factor alpha promoter polymorphism. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 150:189-97. [PMID: 23084344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess cytokine production upon activation of pattern recognition receptors responsible for sensing bacterial and viral pathogen associated molecular patterns in two genetically diverse buffalo breeds, Toda and Murrah. A very limited molecular-epidemiological analysis showed a higher prevalence of Anaplasma and Theileria in Murrah than Toda buffaloes. Toda buffalo peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) produced significantly higher levels of IFN γ and/or TNF α mRNAs in response to peptidoglycan, poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide, imiquimod and CpG. Flagellin stimulation did not result in any significant differences in the expression levels of the cytokines tested between these breeds. The levels of ligand induced IFN γ and TNF α mRNA and proteins also correlated except when induced with CpG. The proximal promoter region of TNF α across these two breeds were also sequenced to detect SNPs and promoter assay performed to determine their role in altering the transcriptional activity. Two polymorphisms were identified at -737 (T/A) and -1092 (G/T) positions in Toda buffalo TNF α promoter and promoter assay revealed higher transcription activity in Toda buffalos than in Murrah. This suggests that disease tolerance of these buffalo breeds could be due to the differences in their cytokine transcription levels in response to the respective PAMPs that may be at least in part determined by polymorphisms in the cytokine promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Vignesh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
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