1
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Dudek I, Czerkies M, Kwiatek A. Differential expression of cytokines and elevated levels of MALAT1 - Long non-coding RNA in response to non-structural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 2024; 597:110127. [PMID: 38850893 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV), a prevalent respiratory pathogen affecting various age groups, can trigger prolonged and intense inflammation in humans. The severity and outcome of hRSV infection correlate with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory agents, yet the underlying reasons for this immune system overstimulation remain elusive. We focused on the impact of hRSV non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2, on immune response within epithelial cells. Available data indicates that these proteins impair the interferon pathway. We reinforce that NS1 and NS2 induce heightened secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and CXCL8. We also indicate that hRSV non-structural proteins provoke differential gene expression of human host FosB and long non-coding RNAs (MALAT1, RP11-510N19.5). It suggests an impact of NS molecules beyond IFN pathways. Thus, new light is shed on the interplay between hRSV and host cells, uncovering unexplored avenues of viral interference, especially the NS2 role in cytokine expression and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dudek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Czerkies
- Department of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Siegel DS, Hui HC, Pitts J, Vermillion MS, Ishida K, Rautiola D, Keeney M, Irshad H, Zhang L, Chun K, Chin G, Goyal B, Doerffler E, Yang H, Clarke MO, Palmiotti C, Vijjapurapu A, Riola NC, Stray K, Murakami E, Ma B, Wang T, Zhao X, Xu Y, Lee G, Marchand B, Seung M, Nayak A, Tomkinson A, Kadrichu N, Ellis S, Barauskas O, Feng JY, Perry JK, Perron M, Bilello JP, Kuehl PJ, Subramanian R, Cihlar T, Mackman RL. Discovery of GS-7682, a Novel 4'-Cyano-Modified C-Nucleoside Prodrug with Broad Activity against Pneumo- and Picornaviruses and Efficacy in RSV-Infected African Green Monkeys. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39018526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory viral infections, such as pneumovirus and respiratory picornavirus infections, exacerbate disease in COPD and asthma patients. A research program targeting respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) led to the discovery of GS-7682 (1), a novel phosphoramidate prodrug of a 4'-CN-4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine C-nucleoside GS-646089 (2) with broad antiviral activity against RSV (EC50 = 3-46 nM), human metapneumovirus (EC50 = 210 nM), human rhinovirus (EC50 = 54-61 nM), and enterovirus (EC50 = 83-90 nM). Prodrug optimization for cellular potency and lung cell metabolism identified 5'-methyl [(S)-hydroxy(phenoxy)phosphoryl]-l-alaninate in combination with 2',3'-diisobutyrate promoieties as being optimal for high levels of intracellular triphosphate formation in vitro and in vivo. 1 demonstrated significant reductions of viral loads in the lower respiratory tract of RSV-infected African green monkeys when administered once daily via intratracheal nebulized aerosol. Together, these findings support additional evaluation of 1 and its analogues as potential therapeutics for pneumo- and picornaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin S Siegel
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Hon C Hui
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jared Pitts
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Meghan S Vermillion
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, United States
| | - Kazuya Ishida
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Davin Rautiola
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael Keeney
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Hammad Irshad
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, United States
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kwon Chun
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gregory Chin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bindu Goyal
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Edward Doerffler
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Hai Yang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michael O Clarke
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chris Palmiotti
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Arya Vijjapurapu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Nicholas C Riola
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kirsten Stray
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bin Ma
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ting Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Yili Xu
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Gary Lee
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bruno Marchand
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Minji Seung
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Arabinda Nayak
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Adrian Tomkinson
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Nani Kadrichu
- Inspired - Pulmonary Solutions, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Scott Ellis
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Ona Barauskas
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Joy Y Feng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Jason K Perry
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Michel Perron
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - John P Bilello
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Philip J Kuehl
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, United States
| | - Raju Subramanian
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Tomas Cihlar
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
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3
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Kesteleyn B, Herschke F, Darville N, Stoops B, Jacobs T, Jacoby E, Shaffer P, Lammens L, Van Rompaey D, Matcha K, Martinez Lamenca C, Coesemans E, Hache G, Pieters S, Lecomte M, Hu L, Demin S, Milligan C, Abeywickrema P, De Bruyn S, Van Den Berg J, Ysebaert N, De Zwart L, Nájera I, Rigaux P, Roymans D, Jonckers THM. Spiro-Azetidine Oxindoles as Long-Acting Injectables for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10986-11002. [PMID: 38932487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in infants, the elderly, and immune-compromised patients. While a half-life extended monoclonal antibody and 2 vaccines have recently been approved for infants and the elderly, respectively, options to prevent disease in immune-compromised patients are still needed. Here, we describe spiro-azetidine oxindoles as small molecule RSV entry inhibitors displaying favorable potency, developability attributes, and long-acting PK when injected as an aqueous suspension, suggesting their potential to prevent complications following RSV infection over a period of 3 to 6 months with 1 or 2 long-acting intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) injections in these immune-compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Florence Herschke
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Darville
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Bart Stoops
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Tom Jacobs
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Edgar Jacoby
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Paul Shaffer
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lieve Lammens
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Dries Van Rompaey
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Kiran Matcha
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | | | - Erwin Coesemans
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Geerwin Hache
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Serge Pieters
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Morgan Lecomte
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Lili Hu
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Samuel Demin
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Cynthia Milligan
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Pravien Abeywickrema
- Janssen Research & Development, 1400 McKean Rd, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Suzanne De Bruyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Joke Van Den Berg
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Nina Ysebaert
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Loeckie De Zwart
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Isabel Nájera
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Peter Rigaux
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
| | - Tim H M Jonckers
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse 2340, Belgium
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4
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Yamaue R, Torikai M, Terashima M, Mori H. KD-409, a Respiratory Syncytial Virus FG Chimeric Protein without the CX3C Chemokine Motif, Is an Efficient Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Preparation for Passive and Active Immunization in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:753. [PMID: 39066391 PMCID: PMC11281633 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development initiatives have existed for half a century, no candidate has been approved for application at all ages from neonates to children. Developing an effective and safe RSV vaccine for pediatric use is challenging owing to RSV-associated disease and vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). We aimed to design an RSV vaccine, KD-409, by structurally incorporating the F ectodomain and G protein central conserved domain without the CX3C chemokine motif and test its efficacy and safety. KD-409 formed rosette particles or trimmers. KD-409 immunization of mice mainly induced anti-RSV F protein IgG. The induced anti-F antibodies had a higher IgG2a/IgG1 ratio than pre-fusion F, suggesting that they induced Th1-dominant immunity. Active and passive immunities were assessed by analyzing the viral titers in BALB/c mice intranasally challenged with RSV after intramuscular KD-409 immunization and pups derived from mothers who were intramuscularly vaccinated with KD-409 twice, respectively. KD-409 was more effective than post-fusion F and had a lower minimum effective dose than pre-fusion F. Thus, KD-409 demonstrated great potential as a novel RSV vaccine candidate, outperforming existing RSV F-based candidates. Our findings provide a promising strategy to overcome RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infections without the risk of VED associated with traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaharu Torikai
- KM Biologics Co., Ltd., Kikuchi Research Center, 1314-1 Kyokushi Kawabe, Kikuchi-shi 869-1298, Japan; (R.Y.); (M.T.)
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5
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Bergeron HC, Crabtree J, Nagy T, Martin DE, Tripp RA. Probenecid Inhibits Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) Replication In Vitro and in BALB/c Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:1087. [PMID: 39066249 PMCID: PMC11281683 DOI: 10.3390/v16071087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important cause of acute respiratory tract infection and causes significant morbidity and mortality. There is no specific antiviral drug to treat HMPV or vaccine to prevent HMPV. This study determined if probenecid, a host-targeting antiviral drug, had prophylactic (pre-virus) or therapeutic (post-virus) efficacy to inhibit HMPV replication in LLC-MK2 cells in vitro and in the lungs of BALB/c mice. This study showed that ≥0.5 μM probenecid significantly inhibited HMPV replication in vitro, and 2-200 mg/kg probenecid prophylaxis or treatment reduced HMPV replication in BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison C. Bergeron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (H.C.B.)
| | - Jackelyn Crabtree
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (H.C.B.)
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | | | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA; (H.C.B.)
- TrippBio, Inc., Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA;
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6
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Bissett C, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Ulaszewska M, Smith H, Kailath R, Morris S, Powers C, Sebastian S, Sharpe HR, Allen ER, Wang Z, Cunliffe RF, Sallah HJ, Spencer AJ, Gilbert S, Tregoning JS, Lambe T. Systemic prime mucosal boost significantly increases protective efficacy of bivalent RSV influenza viral vectored vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:118. [PMID: 38926455 PMCID: PMC11208422 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Although licensed vaccines against influenza virus have been successful in reducing pathogen-mediated disease, they have been less effective at preventing viral infection of the airways and current seasonal updates to influenza vaccines do not always successfully accommodate viral drift. Most licensed influenza and recently licensed RSV vaccines are administered via the intramuscular route. Alternative immunisation strategies, such as intranasal vaccinations, and "prime-pull" regimens, may deliver a more sterilising form of protection against respiratory viruses. A bivalent ChAdOx1-based vaccine (ChAdOx1-NP + M1-RSVF) encoding conserved nucleoprotein and matrix 1 proteins from influenza A virus and a modified pre-fusion stabilised RSV A F protein, was designed, developed and tested in preclinical animal models. The aim was to induce broad, cross-protective tissue-resident T cells against heterotypic influenza viruses and neutralising antibodies against RSV in the respiratory mucosa and systemically. When administered via an intramuscular prime-intranasal boost (IM-IN) regimen in mice, superior protection was generated against challenge with either RSV A, Influenza A H3N2 or H1N1. These results support further clinical development of a pan influenza & RSV vaccine administered in a prime-pull regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Bissett
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | | | - Marta Ulaszewska
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holly Smith
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reshma Kailath
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Morris
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire Powers
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Sebastian
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hannah R Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Allen
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert F Cunliffe
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Alexandra J Spencer
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Sarah Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Wang Z, Cuthbertson LF, Thomas C, Sallah HJ, Mosscrop LG, Li H, Talts T, Kumar K, Moffatt MF, Tregoning JS. IL-1α is required for T cell-driven weight loss after respiratory viral infection. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:272-287. [PMID: 38382577 PMCID: PMC11009121 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections remain a major cause of hospitalization and death worldwide. Patients with respiratory infections often lose weight. While acute weight loss is speculated to be a tolerance mechanism to limit pathogen growth, severe weight loss following infection can cause quality of life deterioration. Despite the clinical relevance of respiratory infection-induced weight loss, its mechanism is not yet completely understood. We utilized a model of CD 8+ T cell-driven weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection to dissect the immune regulation of post-infection weight loss. Supporting previous data, bulk RNA sequencing indicated significant enrichment of the interleukin (IL)-1 signaling pathway after RSV infection. Despite increased viral load, infection-associated weight loss was significantly reduced after IL-1α (but not IL-1β) blockade. IL-1α depletion resulted in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes observed following RSV infection. Direct nasal instillation of IL-1α also caused weight loss. Of note, we detected IL-1α in the brain after either infection or nasal delivery. This was associated with changes in genes controlling appetite after RSV infection and corresponding changes in signaling molecules such as leptin and growth/differentiation factor 15. Together, these findings indicate a lung-brain-gut signaling axis for IL-1α in regulating weight loss after RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Chubicka Thomas
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Hadijatou J Sallah
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Lucy G Mosscrop
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Haoyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Tiina Talts
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health Microbiology, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Kartik Kumar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - John S Tregoning
- Department of Infectious Disease, St. Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, UK.
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8
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Jobe F, Kelly JT, Simpson J, Wells J, Armstrong SD, Spick M, Lacey E, Logan L, Geifman N, Hawes P, Bailey D. Viral PIC-pocketing: RSV sequestration of translational preinitiation complexes into bi-phasic biomolecular condensates. J Virol 2024; 98:e0015324. [PMID: 38421168 PMCID: PMC10949503 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00153-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthopneumoviruses characteristically form membrane-less cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs) wherein RNA replication and transcription occur. Here, we report a strategy whereby the orthopneumoviruses sequester various components of the translational preinitiation complex machinery into viral inclusion bodies to facilitate translation of their own mRNAs-PIC-pocketing. Electron microscopy of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-infected cells revealed bi-phasic organization of IBs, specifically, spherical "droplets" nested within the larger inclusion. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization, we showed that the observed bi-phasic morphology represents functional compartmentalization of the inclusion body and that these domains are synonymous with the previously reported inclusion body-associated granules (IBAGs). Detailed analysis demonstrated that IBAGs concentrate nascent viral mRNA, the viral M2-1 protein as well as components of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF), eIF4F and eIF3, and 40S complexes involved in translation initiation. Interestingly, although ribopuromycylation-based imaging indicates that the majority of viral mRNA translation occurs in the cytoplasm, there was some evidence for intra-IBAG translation, consistent with the likely presence of ribosomes in a subset of IBAGs imaged by electron microscopy. Mass spectrometry analysis of sub-cellular fractions from RSV-infected cells identified significant modification of the cellular translation machinery; however, interestingly, ribopuromycylation assays showed no changes to global levels of translation. The mechanistic basis for this pathway was subsequently determined to involve the viral M2-1 protein interacting with eIF4G, likely to facilitate its transport between the cytoplasm and the separate phases of the viral inclusion body. In summary, our data show that these viral organelles function to spatially regulate early steps in viral translation within a highly selective bi-phasic biomolecular condensate. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) of cows and humans are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in their respective populations. These RNA viruses replicate in the infected cells by compartmentalizing the cell's cytoplasm into distinct viral microdomains called inclusion bodies (IBs). In this paper, we show that these IBs are further compartmentalized into smaller structures that have significantly different density, as observed by electron microscopy. Within smaller intra-IB structures, we observed ribosomal components and evidence for active translation. These findings highlight that RSV may additionally compartmentalize translation to favor its own replication in the cell. These data contribute to our understanding of how RNA viruses hijack the cell to favor replication of their own genomes and may provide new targets for antiviral therapeutics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joanna Wells
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart D. Armstrong
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Spick
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Lacey
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Leanne Logan
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Nophar Geifman
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
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9
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Belser JA, Kieran TJ, Mitchell ZA, Sun X, Mayfield K, Tumpey TM, Spengler JR, Maines TR. Key considerations to improve the normalization, interpretation and reproducibility of morbidity data in mammalian models of viral disease. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050511. [PMID: 38440823 PMCID: PMC10941659 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogenesis and therapeutic screening studies that utilize small mammalian models rely on the accurate quantification and interpretation of morbidity measurements, such as weight and body temperature, which can vary depending on the model, agent and/or experimental design used. As a result, morbidity-related data are frequently normalized within and across screening studies to aid with their interpretation. However, such data normalization can be performed in a variety of ways, leading to differences in conclusions drawn and making comparisons between studies challenging. Here, we discuss variability in the normalization, interpretation, and presentation of morbidity measurements for four model species frequently used to study a diverse range of human viral pathogens - mice, hamsters, guinea pigs and ferrets. We also analyze findings aggregated from influenza A virus-infected ferrets to contextualize this discussion. We focus on serially collected weight and temperature data to illustrate how the conclusions drawn from this information can vary depending on how raw data are collected, normalized and measured. Taken together, this work supports continued efforts in understanding how normalization affects the interpretation of morbidity data and highlights best practices to improve the interpretation and utility of these findings for extrapolation to public health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Troy J. Kieran
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Zoë A. Mitchell
- Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Xiangjie Sun
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Kristin Mayfield
- Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Terrence M. Tumpey
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Taronna R. Maines
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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10
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Zhuang X, Gallo G, Sharma P, Ha J, Magri A, Borrmann H, Harris JM, Tsukuda S, Bentley E, Kirby A, de Neck S, Yang H, Balfe P, Wing PA, Matthews D, Harris AL, Kipar A, Stewart JP, Bailey D, McKeating JA. Hypoxia inducible factors inhibit respiratory syncytial virus infection by modulation of nucleolin expression. iScience 2024; 27:108763. [PMID: 38261926 PMCID: PMC10797196 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a global healthcare problem, causing respiratory illness in young children and elderly individuals. Our knowledge of the host pathways that define susceptibility to infection and disease severity are limited. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) define metabolic responses to low oxygen and regulate inflammatory responses in the lower respiratory tract. We demonstrate a role for HIFs to suppress RSV entry and RNA replication. We show that hypoxia and HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors reduce the expression of the RSV entry receptor nucleolin and inhibit viral cell-cell fusion. We identify a HIF regulated microRNA, miR-494, that regulates nucleolin expression. In RSV-infected mice, treatment with the clinically approved HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor, Daprodustat, reduced the level of infectious virus and infiltrating monocytes and neutrophils in the lung. This study highlights a role for HIF-signalling to limit multiple aspects of RSV infection and associated inflammation and informs future therapeutic approaches for this respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Magri
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Bentley
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam Kirby
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon de Neck
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hongbing Yang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Balfe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Matthews
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 268, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James P. Stewart
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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11
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Raman SNT, Zetner A, Hashem AM, Patel D, Wu J, Gravel C, Gao J, Zhang W, Pfeifle A, Tamming L, Parikh K, Cao J, Tam R, Safronetz D, Chen W, Johnston MJ, Wang L, Sauve S, Rosu-Myles M, Domselaar GV, Li X. Bivalent vaccines effectively protect mice against influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2192821. [PMID: 36927227 PMCID: PMC10171128 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2192821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) infections together contribute significantly to the burden of acute lower respiratory tract infections. Despite the disease burden, no approved RSV vaccine is available. While approved vaccines are available for influenza, seasonal vaccination is required to maintain protection. In addition to both being respiratory viruses, they follow a common seasonality, which warrants the necessity for a concerted vaccination approach. Here, we designed bivalent vaccines by utilizing highly conserved sequences, targeting both influenza A and RSV, as either a chimeric antigen or individual antigens separated by a ribosome skipping sequence. These vaccines were found to be effective in protecting the animals from challenge by either virus, with mechanisms of protection being substantially interrogated in this communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya N. Thulasi Raman
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adrian Zetner
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Devina Patel
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Caroline Gravel
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jun Gao
- Centre for Vaccines Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pfeifle
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Levi Tamming
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karan Parikh
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jingxin Cao
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Roger Tam
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael J.W. Johnston
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Simon Sauve
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michael Rosu-Myles
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Oncology and Regulatory Research, Biologic and Radiopharmaceutical Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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12
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Anderson-Mondella CJJ, Maines TR, Tansey CM, Belser JA. Meeting Ferret Enrichment Needs in Infectious Disease Laboratory Settings. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2023; 62:518-524. [PMID: 37857467 PMCID: PMC10772907 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-23-000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment is a necessary component of all research vivarium settings. However, appropriate enrichment decisions vary greatly depending on the species involved and the research use of the animals. The increasing use of ferrets in research settings-notably for modeling the pathogenicity and transmissibility of viral pathogens that require containment in ABSL-2 to -4 environments-presents a particular challenge for veterinary and research staff to ensure that enrichment needs for these animals are met consistently. Here, we discuss the species-specific enrichment needs of ferrets, enrichment considerations for ferrets housed in research settings, and the challenges and importance of providing appropriate enrichment during experimentation, including when ferrets are housed in high-containment facilities. This article is organized to support the easy availability of information that will facilitate the design and implementation of optimal environmental enrichment for ferrets used in diverse research efforts in vivarium settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Challie JJ Anderson-Mondella
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, Georgia; and
| | - Taronna R Maines
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cassandra M Tansey
- Comparative Medicine Branch, Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Immunology and Pathogenesis Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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13
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Nussbaum J, Cao X, Railkar RA, Sachs JR, Spellman DS, Luk J, Shaw CA, Cejas PJ, Citron MP, Al-Ibrahim M, Han D, Pagnussat S, Stoch SA, Lai E, Bett AJ, Espeseth AS. Evaluation of a stabilized RSV pre-fusion F mRNA vaccine: Preclinical studies and Phase 1 clinical testing in healthy adults. Vaccine 2023; 41:6488-6501. [PMID: 37777449 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a substantial proportion of respiratory tract infections worldwide. Although RSV reinfections occur throughout life, older adults, particularly those with underlying comorbidities, are at risk for severe complications from RSV. There is no RSV vaccine available to date, and treatment of RSV in adults is largely supportive. A correlate of protection for RSV has not yet been established, but antibodies targeting the pre-fusion conformation of the RSV F glycoprotein play an important role in RSV neutralization. We previously reported a Phase 1 study of an mRNA-based vaccine (V171) expressing a pre-fusion-stabilized RSV F protein (mDS-Cav1) in healthy adults. Here, we evaluated an mRNA-based vaccine (V172) expressing a further stabilized RSV pre-fusion F protein (mVRC1). mVRC1 is a single chain version of RSV F with interprotomer disulfides in addition to the stabilizing mutations present in the mDS-Cav1 antigen. The immunogenicity of the two mRNA-based vaccines encoding mVRC1 (V172) or a sequence-optimized version of mDS-Cav1 to improve transcriptional fidelity (V171.2) were compared in RSV-naïve and RSV-experienced African green monkeys (AGMs). V172 induced higher neutralizing antibody titers than V171.2 and demonstrated protection in the AGM challenge model. We conducted a Phase 1, randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of 25 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg, or 300 μg of V172 in healthy older adults (60-79 years old; N = 112) and 100 μg, 200 μg, or 300 μg of V172 in healthy younger adults (18-49 years old; N = 48). The primary clinical objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of V172, and the secondary objective was to evaluate RSV serum neutralization titers. The most commonly reported solicited adverse events were injection-site pain, injection-site swelling, headache, and tiredness. V172 was generally well tolerated in older and younger adults and increased serum neutralizing antibody titers, pre-fusion F-specific competing antibody titers, and RSV F-specific T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Cao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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14
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Li TT, Xia T, Wu JQ, Hong H, Sun ZL, Wang M, Ding FR, Wang J, Jiang S, Li J, Pan J, Yang G, Feng JN, Dai YP, Zhang XM, Zhou T, Li T. De novo genome assembly depicts the immune genomic characteristics of cattle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6601. [PMID: 37857610 PMCID: PMC10587341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunogenomic loci remain poorly understood because of their genetic complexity and size. Here, we report the de novo assembly of a cattle genome and provide a detailed annotation of the immunogenomic loci. The assembled genome contains 143 contigs (N50 ~ 74.0 Mb). In contrast to the current reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2), 156 gaps are closed and 467 scaffolds are located in our assembly. Importantly, the immunogenomic regions, including three immunoglobulin (IG) loci, four T-cell receptor (TR) loci, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, are seamlessly assembled and precisely annotated. With the characterization of 258 IG genes and 657 TR genes distributed across seven genomic loci, we present a detailed depiction of immune gene diversity in cattle. Moreover, the MHC gene structures are integrally revealed with properly phased haplotypes. Together, our work describes a more complete cattle genome, and provides a comprehensive view of its complex immune-genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wu
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fang-Rong Ding
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jian-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yun-Ping Dai
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, 100850, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Díaz FE, McGill JL. Modeling Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Infection: Recent Contributions and Future Directions Using the Calf Model of Bovine RSV Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1180-1186. [PMID: 37782855 PMCID: PMC10558079 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The human orthopneumovirus (human respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) is a leading cause of respiratory disease in children worldwide and a significant cause of infant mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The natural immune response to the virus has a preponderant role in disease progression, with a rapid neutrophil infiltration and dysbalanced T cell response in the lungs associated with severe disease in infants. The development of preventive interventions against human RSV has been difficult partly due to the need to use animal models that only partially recapitulate the immune response as well as the disease progression seen in human infants. In this brief review, we discuss the contributions of the calf model of RSV infection to understanding immunity to RSV and in developing vaccine and drug candidates, focusing on recent research areas. We propose that the bovine model of RSV infection is a valuable alternative for assessing the translational potential of interventions aimed at the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián E. Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jodi L. McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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16
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Bouzya B, Rouxel RN, Sacconnay L, Mascolo R, Nols L, Quique S, François L, Atas A, Warter L, Dezutter N, Lorin C. Immunogenicity of an AS01-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus prefusion F (RSVPreF3) vaccine in animal models. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:143. [PMID: 37773185 PMCID: PMC10541443 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a high disease burden in older adults. An effective vaccine for this RSV-primed population may need to boost/elicit robust RSV-neutralizing antibody responses and recall/induce RSV-specific T cell responses. To inform the selection of the vaccine formulation for older adults, RSVPreF3 (RSV fusion glycoprotein engineered to maintain the prefusion conformation) with/without AS01 adjuvant was evaluated in mice and bovine RSV infection-primed cattle. In mice, RSVPreF3/AS01 elicited robust RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers and RSV F-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses exceeding those induced by non-adjuvanted RSVPreF3. In primed bovines, RSVPreF3/AS01 tended to induce higher pre-/post-vaccination fold-increases in RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers relative to non-adjuvanted and Alum-adjuvanted RSVPreF3 formulations, and elicited higher RSV F-specific CD4+ T cell frequencies relative to the non-adjuvanted vaccine. Though AS01 adjuvanticity varied by animal species and priming status, RSVPreF3/AS01 elicited/boosted RSV-A/B-specific neutralization titers and RSV F-specific CD4+ T cell responses in both animal models, which supported its further clinical evaluation as prophylactic candidate vaccine for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronan Nicolas Rouxel
- GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
- MSD Animal Health, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | - Loïc François
- Akkodis, Belgium c/o GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Anne Atas
- GSK, Rue de l'Institut 89, 1330, Rixensart, Belgium
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17
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Vaill M, Kawanishi K, Varki N, Gagneux P, Varki A. Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2171-2229. [PMID: 36603157 PMCID: PMC10151058 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogeny is a classic term encompassing transdisciplinary investigations of the origins of the human species. Comparative anthropogeny is a systematic comparison of humans and other living nonhuman hominids (so-called "great apes"), aiming to identify distinctly human features in health and disease, with the overall goal of explaining human origins. We begin with a historical perspective, briefly describing how the field progressed from the earliest evolutionary insights to the current emphasis on in-depth molecular and genomic investigations of "human-specific" biology and an increased appreciation for cultural impacts on human biology. While many such genetic differences between humans and other hominids have been revealed over the last two decades, this information remains insufficient to explain the most distinctive phenotypic traits distinguishing humans from other living hominids. Here we undertake a complementary approach of "comparative physiological anthropogeny," along the lines of the preclinical medical curriculum, i.e., beginning with anatomy and considering each physiological system and in each case considering genetic and molecular components that are relevant. What is ultimately needed is a systematic comparative approach at all levels from molecular to physiological to sociocultural, building networks of related information, drawing inferences, and generating testable hypotheses. The concluding section will touch on distinctive considerations in the study of human evolution, including the importance of gene-culture interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vaill
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kunio Kawanishi
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nissi Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ajit Varki
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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18
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Gandhi NN, Inzana TJ, Rajagopalan P. Bovine Airway Models: Approaches for Investigating Bovine Respiratory Disease. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1168-1179. [PMID: 37257116 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a multifactorial condition where different genera of bacteria, such as Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis, and viruses, like bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes virus-1, infect the lower respiratory tract of cattle. These pathogens can co-infect cells in the respiratory system, thereby making specific treatment very difficult. Currently, the most common models for studying BRD include a submerged tissue culture (STC), where monolayers of epithelial cells are typically covered either in cellular or spent biofilm culture medium. Another model is an air-liquid interface (ALI), where epithelial cells are exposed on their apical side and allowed to differentiate. However, limited work has been reported on the study of three-dimensional (3D) bovine models that incorporate multiple cell types to represent the architecture of the respiratory tract. The roles of different defense mechanisms in an infected bovine respiratory system, such as mucin production, tight junction barriers, and the production of antimicrobial peptides in in vitro cultures require further investigation in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disease pathogenesis. In this report, we describe the different aspects of BRD, including the most implicated pathogens and the respiratory tract, which are important to incorporate in disease models assembled in vitro. Although current advancements of bovine respiratory cultures have led to knowledge of the disease, 3D multicellular organoids that better recapitulate the in vivo environment exhibit potential for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeti N Gandhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York 11548, United States
| | - Padmavathy Rajagopalan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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19
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Tielemans B, De Herdt L, Pollenus E, Vanhulle E, Seldeslachts L, Marain F, Belmans F, Ahookhosh K, Vanoirbeek J, Vermeire K, Van den Steen PE, Vande Velde G. A Multimodal Imaging-Supported Down Syndrome Mouse Model of RSV Infection. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040993. [PMID: 37112973 PMCID: PMC10144178 DOI: 10.3390/v15040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are more prone to develop severe respiratory tract infections. Although a RSV infection has a high clinical impact and severe outcome in individuals with DS, no vaccine nor effective therapeutics are available. Any research into infection pathophysiology or prophylactic and therapeutic antiviral strategies in the specific context of DS would greatly benefit this patient population, but currently such relevant animal models are lacking. This study aimed to develop and characterize the first mouse model of RSV infection in a DS-specific context. Ts65Dn mice and wild type littermates were inoculated with a bioluminescence imaging-enabled recombinant human RSV to longitudinally track viral replication in host cells throughout infection progression. This resulted in an active infection in the upper airways and lungs with similar viral load in Ts65Dn mice and euploid mice. Flow cytometric analysis of leukocytes in lungs and spleen demonstrated immune alterations with lower CD8+ T cells and B-cells in Ts65Dn mice. Overall, our study presents a novel DS-specific mouse model of hRSV infection and shows that potential in using the Ts65Dn preclinical model to study immune-specific responses of RSV in the context of DS and supports the need for models representing the pathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birger Tielemans
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander De Herdt
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emilie Pollenus
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Vanhulle
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Seldeslachts
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fopke Marain
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flore Belmans
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Radiomics (Oncoradiomics SA), 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Kaveh Ahookhosh
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kurt Vermeire
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe E Van den Steen
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI Unit/Mosaic, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Cox F, Saeland E, Thoma A, van den Hoogen W, Tettero L, Drijver J, Vaneman C, van Polanen Y, Ritschel T, Bastian AR, Callendret B, Zahn R, van der Fits L. RSV A2-Based Prefusion F Vaccine Candidates Induce RSV A and RSV B Cross Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies and Provide Protection against RSV A and RSV B Challenge in Preclinical Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030672. [PMID: 36992257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RSV is divided into two antigenic subtypes, RSV A and RSV B, which is largely based on the variation in the G protein, while the fusion protein F is more conserved and a target for antibody-mediated neutralization. Here we evaluate the breadth of the protective immune responses across RSV A and RSV B subtypes, induced by vaccines based on the RSV A-based fusion protein, stabilized in the prefusion conformation (preF) in preclinical models. Immunization of naïve cotton rats with preF subunit or preF encoded by a replication incompetent Adenoviral 26, induced antibodies capable of neutralizing recent RSV A and RSV B clinical isolates, as well as protective efficacy against a challenge with RSV A and RSV B strains. Similarly, induction of cross-neutralizing antibodies was observed after immunization with Ad26-encoded preF, preF protein or a mix of both (Ad26/preF protein) in RSV pre-exposed mice and African Green Monkeys. Transfer of serum of human subjects immunized with Ad26/preF protein into cotton rats provide protection against challenges with both RSV A and RSV B, with complete protection against both strains observed in the lower respiratory tract. In contrast, almost no protection against RSV A and B infection was observed after the transfer of a human serum pool isolated pre-vaccination. These results collectively show that the RSV A-based monovalent Ad26/preF protein vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies, as well as protection against both RSV A and RSV B subtypes in animals, including by passive transfer of human antibodies alone, suggesting that clinical efficacy against both subtypes can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eirikur Saeland
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Thoma
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ward van den Hoogen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Tettero
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Drijver
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Vaneman
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yolinda van Polanen
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Ritschel
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benoit Callendret
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leslie van der Fits
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V. Archimedesweg 4-6, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Cabán M, Rodarte JV, Bibby M, Gray MD, Taylor JJ, Pancera M, Boonyaratanakornkit J. Cross-protective antibodies against common endemic respiratory viruses. Nat Commun 2023; 14:798. [PMID: 36781872 PMCID: PMC9923667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36459-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainfluenza virus types one (HPIV1) and three (HPIV3) can cause severe disease and death in immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and those with underlying lung disease. A protective monoclonal antibody exists for RSV, but clinical use is limited to high-risk infant populations. Hence, therapeutic options for these viruses in vulnerable patient populations are currently limited. Here, we present the discovery, in vitro characterization, and in vivo efficacy testing of two cross-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, one targeting both HPIV3 and HPIV1 and the other targeting both RSV and HMPV. The 3 × 1 antibody is capable of targeting multiple parainfluenza viruses; the MxR antibody shares features with other previously reported monoclonal antibodies that are capable of neutralizing both RSV and HMPV. We obtained structures using cryo-electron microscopy of these antibodies in complex with their antigens at 3.62 Å resolution for 3 × 1 bound to HPIV3 and at 2.24 Å for MxR bound to RSV, providing a structural basis for in vitro binding and neutralization. Together, a cocktail of 3 × 1 and MxR could have clinical utility in providing broad protection against four of the respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Cabán
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Immunology & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justas V Rodarte
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madeleine Bibby
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew D Gray
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin J Taylor
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jim Boonyaratanakornkit
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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22
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Rghei AD, Yates JGE, Lopes JA, Zhan X, Guilleman MM, Pei Y, van Lieshout LP, Santry LA, Bridle BW, Karimi K, Thompson B, Susta L, Crowe JE, Wootton SK. Antibody-based protection against respiratory syncytial virus in mice and their offspring through vectored immunoprophylaxis. Gene Ther 2023:10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2. [PMID: 36732618 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-023-00385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections, with potential lower respiratory tract infections, which can be particularly problematic in infants and the elderly. There are no approved vaccines for RSV. The current standard of care for high-risk individuals is monthly administration of palivizumab, a humanized murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting the RSV fusion protein. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of mAbs has previously led to sustained expression of therapeutic concentrations of mAbs in several animal models, representing an alternative to repetitive passive administration. Intramuscular (IM) administration of AAV6.2FF expressing RSV antibodies, palivizumab or hRSV90, resulted in high concentrations of human (h)IgG1 mAbs in the serum and at various mucosal surfaces, while intranasal administration limited hIgG expression to the respiratory tract. IM administration of AAV6.2FF-hRSV90 or AAV6.2FF-palivizumab in a murine model provided sterilizing immunity against challenge with RSV A2. Evidence of maternal passive transfer of vectorized hRSV90 was detected in both murine and ovine models, with circulating mAbs providing sterilizing immunity in mouse progeny. Finally, addition of a "kill switch" comprised of LoxP sites flanking the mAb genes resulted in diminished serum hIgG after AAV-DJ-mediated delivery of Cre recombinase to the same muscle group that was originally transduced with the AAV-mAb vector. The ability of this AAV-mAb system to mediate robust, sustained mAb expression for maternal transfer to progeny in murine and ovine models emphasizes the potential of this platform for use as an alternative prophylactic vaccine for protection against neonatal infections, particularly in high-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira D Rghei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jacob G E Yates
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jordyn A Lopes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xuiaoyan Zhan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Matthew M Guilleman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Yanlong Pei
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Byram W Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | | | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232-0417, USA
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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23
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Meza UC, Lara NP, Gómez LC, Rodríguez MS, Hernández JRA, Mendoza RT. The HRA2pl fusion peptide exerts in vitro antiviral activity against human respiratory paramyxoviruses and pneumoviruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1125135. [PMID: 37153148 PMCID: PMC10157160 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are a group of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that mainly affect children until the age of 5 and immunocompromised senior adults. In Mexico, these infections are the main cause of morbidity in children, with more than 26 million cases of respiratory infections reported by the Secretariat of Health, in 2019. The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and the human parainfluenza-2 (hPIV-2) are responsible for many respiratory infections. Currently, palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the fusion protein F, is the treatment of choice against hRSV infections. This protein is being studied for the design of antiviral peptides that act by inhibiting the fusion of the virus and the host cell. Therefore, we examined the antiviral activity of the HRA2pl peptide, which competes the heptad repeat A domain of the F protein of hMPV. The recombinant peptide was obtained using a viral transient expression system. The effect of the fusion peptide was evaluated with an in vitro entry assay. Moreover, the effectiveness of HRA2pl was examined in viral isolates from clinical samples obtained from patients with infections caused by hRSV, hMPV, or hPIV-2, by evaluating the viral titer and the syncytium size. The HRA2pl peptide affected the viruses' capacity of entry, resulting in a 4-log decrease in the viral titer compared to the untreated viral strains. Additionally, a 50% reduction in the size of the syncytium was found. These results demonstrate the antiviral potential of HRA2pl in clinical samples, paving the way toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Cruz Meza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Norvell Perezbusta Lara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Chávez Gómez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Javier R. Ambrosio Hernández
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Tirado Mendoza
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Rocio Tirado Mendoza,
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24
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Chen J, Tan S, Avadhanula V, Moise L, Piedra PA, De Groot AS, Bahl J. Diversity and evolution of computationally predicted T cell epitopes against human respiratory syncytial virus. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010360. [PMID: 36626370 PMCID: PMC9870173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection. Despite more than 60 years of research, there is no licensed vaccine. While B cell response is a major focus for vaccine design, the T cell epitope profile of RSV is also important for vaccine development. Here, we computationally predicted putative T cell epitopes in the Fusion protein (F) and Glycoprotein (G) of RSV wild circulating strains by predicting Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and class II binding affinity. We limited our inferences to conserved epitopes in both F and G proteins that have been experimentally validated. We applied multidimensional scaling (MDS) to construct T cell epitope landscapes to investigate the diversity and evolution of T cell profiles across different RSV strains. We find the RSV strains are clustered into three RSV-A groups and two RSV-B groups on this T epitope landscape. These clusters represent divergent RSV strains with potentially different immunogenic profiles. In addition, our results show a greater proportion of F protein T cell epitope content conservation among recent epidemic strains, whereas the G protein T cell epitope content was decreased. Importantly, our results suggest that RSV-A and RSV-B have different patterns of epitope drift and replacement and that RSV-B vaccines may need more frequent updates. Our study provides a novel framework to study RSV T cell epitope evolution. Understanding the patterns of T cell epitope conservation and change may be valuable for vaccine design and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Swan Tan
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vasanthi Avadhanula
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leonard Moise
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- EpiVax Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Pedro A. Piedra
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anne S. De Groot
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- EpiVax Inc., Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Justin Bahl
- Center for Ecology of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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25
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Janse M, Soekhradj SD, de Jong R, van de Burgwal LHM. Identifying Cross-Utilization of RSV Vaccine Inventions across the Human and Veterinary Field. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010046. [PMID: 36678394 PMCID: PMC9865526 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has two main variants with similar impact, a human and a bovine variant. The human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most frequent cause of acute respiratory disease (pneumonia) in children, leading to hospitalization and causing premature death. In Europe, lower respiratory tract infections caused by HRSV are responsible for 42-45 percent of hospital admissions in children under two. Likewise, the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a significant cause of acute viral broncho-pneumonia in calves. To date no licensed HRSV vaccine has been developed, despite the high burden of the disease. In contrast, BRSV vaccines have been on the market since the 1970s, but there is still an articulated unmet need for improved BRSV vaccines with greater efficacy. HRSV/BRSV vaccine development was chosen as a case to assess whether collaboration and knowledge-sharing between human and veterinary fields is taking place, benefiting the development of new vaccines in both fields. The genetic relatedness, comparable pathogeneses, and similar severity of the diseases suggests much can be gained by sharing knowledge and experiences between the human and veterinary fields. We analyzed patent data, as most of pharmaceutical inventions, such as the development of vaccines, are protected by patents. Our results show only little cross-utilization of inventions and no collaborations, as in shared IP as an exchange of knowledge. This suggests that, despite the similarities in the genetics and antigenicity of HRSV and BRSV, each fields follows its own process in developing new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Janse
- Athena Institute, Faculteit der Bètawetenschappen W&N Gebouw, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Swasti D. Soekhradj
- Athena Institute, Faculteit der Bètawetenschappen W&N Gebouw, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rineke de Jong
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Linda H. M. van de Burgwal
- Athena Institute, Faculteit der Bètawetenschappen W&N Gebouw, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Bartsch YC, Cizmeci D, Kang J, Zohar T, Periasamy S, Mehta N, Tolboom J, Van der Fits L, Sadoff J, Comeaux C, Callendret B, Bukreyev A, Lauffenburger DA, Bastian AR, Alter G. Antibody effector functions are associated with protection from respiratory syncytial virus. Cell 2022; 185:4873-4886.e10. [PMID: 36513064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection and death in young infants and the elderly. With no effective prophylactic treatment available, current vaccine candidates aim to elicit neutralizing antibodies. However, binding and neutralization have poorly predicted protection in the past, and accumulating data across epidemiologic cohorts and animal models collectively point to a role for additional antibody Fc-effector functions. To begin to define the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, here we profiled an adenovirus 26 RSV-preF vaccine-induced humoral immune response in a group of healthy adults that were ultimately challenged with RSV. Protection from infection was linked to opsonophagocytic functions, driven by IgA and differentially glycosylated RSV-specific IgG profiles, marking a functional humoral immune signature of protection against RSV. Furthermore, Fc-modified monoclonal antibodies able to selectively recruit effector functions demonstrated significant antiviral control in a murine model of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannic C Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Deniz Cizmeci
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sivakumar Periasamy
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jerry Sadoff
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christy Comeaux
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, 2333 Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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27
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Ren H, Li H, Cao L, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Guo J, Zhang Y, Liu H, Xu W. Intranasal immunization with HRSV prefusion F protein and CpG adjuvant elicits robust protective effects in mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:6830-6838. [PMID: 36253219 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in elderly individuals and young children/infants and can cause bronchiolitis and even death. There is no licensed HRSV vaccine. An ideal vaccine should induce high titers of neutralizing antibodies and a Th1-biased immune response. In this study, we used EXPI293 cells to express the fusion (F) protein with a prefusion conformation (PrF) and compared the safety and efficacy of intranasal immunization with PrF in combination with two mucosal adjuvants (CpG ODN and liposomes) in mice. After two intranasal administrations, mice in the PrF + CpG group produced high titers of neutralizing antibodies (4961) and a Th1-biased immune response compared with the PrF + Lipo group. The lung viral load of mice in the PrF + CpG group was significantly reduced (3.5 log) compared with that in the adjuvant control group, and the survival rate was 100 %, while the survival rate of mice in the PrF + Lipo group was only 67 %. At the same time, this immunization strategy reduced the pathological damage to the lungs in mice. In conclusion, the combination of PrF and CpG adjuvant is immunogenic, elicits a Th1 type immune response, and completely protects mice from a lethal HRSV challenge. It is worthy of further evaluation as an HRSV vaccine in clinical trials. Clinical trial registration. This study was not related to human participation or experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yangzi Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Soto JA, Galvez NMS, Rivera DB, Díaz FE, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. From animal studies into clinical trials: the relevance of animal models to develop vaccines and therapies to reduce disease severity and prevent hRSV infection. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1237-1259. [PMID: 36093605 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2123468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in the pediatric and the geriatric population worldwide. There is a substantial economic burden resulting from hRSV disease during winter. Although no vaccines have been approved for human use, prophylactic therapies are available for high-risk populations. Choosing the proper animal models to evaluate different vaccine prototypes or pharmacological treatments is essential for developing efficient therapies against hRSV. AREAS COVERED This article describes the relevance of using different animal models to evaluate the effect of antiviral drugs, pharmacological molecules, vaccine prototypes, and antibodies in the protection against hRSV. The animal models covered are rodents, mustelids, bovines, and nonhuman primates. Animals included were chosen based on the available literature and their role in the development of the drugs discussed in this manuscript. EXPERT OPINION Choosing the correct animal model is critical for exploring and testing treatments that could decrease the impact of hRSV in high-risk populations. Mice will continue to be the most used preclinical model to evaluate this. However, researchers must also explore the use of other models such as nonhuman primates, as they are more similar to humans, prior to escalating into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - N M S Galvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - D B Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - S M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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29
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de Jong R, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, Bonsing J, Wang KF, Vandepaer S, Bouzya B, Toussaint JF, Dieussaert I, Song H, Steff AM. ChAd155-RSV vaccine is immunogenic and efficacious against bovine RSV infection-induced disease in young calves. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6142. [PMID: 36253363 PMCID: PMC9575635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection causes a substantial lower-respiratory-tract disease burden in infants, constituting a global priority for vaccine development. We evaluated immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of a chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd)-based vaccine candidate, ChAd155-RSV, in a bovine RSV (bRSV) challenge model. This model closely reproduces the pathogenesis/clinical manifestations of severe pediatric RSV disease. In seronegative calves, ChAd155-RSV elicits robust neutralizing antibody responses against human RSV. Two doses protect calves from clinical symptoms/lung pathological changes, and reduce nasal/lung virus loads after both a short (4-week) and a long (16-week) interval between last immunization and subsequent bRSV challenge. The one-dose regimen confers near-complete or significant protection after short-term or long-term intervals before challenge, respectively. The presence of pre-existing bRSV-antibodies does not affect short-term efficacy of the two-dose regimen. Immunized calves present no clinical signs of enhanced respiratory disease. Collectively, this supports the development of ChAd155-RSV as an RSV vaccine candidate for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rineke de Jong
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Bonsing
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, Houtribweg 39, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Fen Wang
- grid.418019.50000 0004 0393 4335GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850 USA ,grid.508098.c0000 0004 7413 1708Present Address: Atara Biotherapeutics, Inc., 2380 Conejo Spectrum St Suite 200, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA
| | - Sarah Vandepaer
- CONSULTYS Benelux S.A, 73D Rue de Namur, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Badiaa Bouzya
- grid.425090.a0000 0004 0468 9597GSK, Rue de l’Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- grid.425090.a0000 0004 0468 9597GSK, Rue de l’Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium ,Present Address: Sanofi-Pasteur, 14 Espace Henry Vallée, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ilse Dieussaert
- grid.425090.a0000 0004 0468 9597GSK, Rue de l’Institut 89, 1330 Rixensart, Belgium
| | - Haifeng Song
- grid.418019.50000 0004 0393 4335GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850 USA ,Present Address: Suzhou Abogen Bioscience Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Ann-Muriel Steff
- grid.418019.50000 0004 0393 4335GSK, 14200 Shady Grove Road, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
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30
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Stability Study, Quantification Method and Pharmacokinetics Investigation of a Coumarin-Monoterpene Conjugate Possessing Antiviral Properties against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091158. [PMID: 36145379 PMCID: PMC9504583 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of a new coumarin derivative, agent K-142, bearing α-pinene residue and possessing antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was studied in whole mice blood in vitro, and a method for its quantification in this matrix was developed and validated. The sample preparation method was precipitation of whole blood with a mixture of 0.2 M ZnSO4 with MeOH (2:8 v/v) containing 2-adamantylamine hydrochloride as an internal standard (IS). Analysis was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS using reversed phase chromatography and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer 6500 QTRAP (SCIEX) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The transitions 351.2 → 217.1 Da and 152.2 → 93.1/107.2 Da were monitored for K-142 and the IS, respectively. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, calibration curve, LLOQ, accuracy and precision, stability, recovery and carry over. The developed method was used for a pharmacokinetics study of the compound after its oral administration to mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg.
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31
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McCloskey MC, Kasap P, Ahmad SD, Su SH, Chen K, Mansouri M, Ramesh N, Nishihara H, Belyaev Y, Abhyankar VV, Begolo S, Singer BH, Webb KF, Kurabayashi K, Flax J, Waugh RE, Engelhardt B, McGrath JL. The Modular µSiM: A Mass Produced, Rapidly Assembled, and Reconfigurable Platform for the Study of Barrier Tissue Models In Vitro. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200804. [PMID: 35899801 PMCID: PMC9580267 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro tissue chip models can reduce and replace animal experimentation and may eventually support "on-chip" clinical trials. To realize this potential, however, tissue chip platforms must be both mass-produced and reconfigurable to allow for customized design. To address these unmet needs, an extension of the µSiM (microdevice featuring a silicon-nitride membrane) platform is introduced. The modular µSiM (m-µSiM) uses mass-produced components to enable rapid assembly and reconfiguration by laboratories without knowledge of microfabrication. The utility of the m-µSiM is demonstrated by establishing an hiPSC-derived blood-brain barrier (BBB) in bioengineering and nonengineering, brain barriers focused laboratories. In situ and sampling-based assays of small molecule diffusion are developed and validated as a measure of barrier function. BBB properties show excellent interlaboratory agreement and match expectations from literature, validating the m-µSiM as a platform for barrier models and demonstrating successful dissemination of components and protocols. The ability to quickly reconfigure the m-µSiM for coculture and immune cell transmigration studies through addition of accessories and/or quick exchange of components is then demonstrated. Because the development of modified components and accessories is easily achieved, custom designs of the m-µSiM shall be accessible to any laboratory desiring a barrier-style tissue chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C McCloskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Pelin Kasap
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - S Danial Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Shiuan-Haur Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Mehran Mansouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Natalie Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Hideaki Nishihara
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Yury Belyaev
- Microscopy Imaging Center, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | | | - Benjamin H Singer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin F Webb
- Optics & Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katsuo Kurabayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jonathan Flax
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Richard E Waugh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - James L McGrath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
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32
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Long-Term Infection and Pathogenesis in a Novel Mouse Model of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081740. [PMID: 36016362 PMCID: PMC9415064 DOI: 10.3390/v14081740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive efforts have been made to develop models of hRSV infection or disease using various animals. However, the limitations such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection have impeded their applications in both the pathogenesis of hRSV and therapeutics development. Here, we present a mouse model based on a Rag2 gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Rag2−/− mice sustained high viral loads upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV. The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 109.8 copies/g and 1c106 TCID50 in nasal cavity, as well as 1 × 108 copies/g and 1 × 105 TCID50 in the lungs up to 5 weeks. Mild interstitial pneumonia, severe bronchopneumonia, elevated cytokines and NK cells were seen in Rag2−/− mice. A humanized monoclonal antibody showed strong antiviral activity in this animal model, implying that Rag2−/− mice that support long-term stable infection are a useful tool for studying the transmission and pathogenesis of human RSV, as well as evaluating therapeutics.
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33
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Tioni MF, Jordan R, Pena AS, Garg A, Wu D, Phan SI, Weiss CM, Cheng X, Greenhouse J, Orekov T, Valentin D, Kar S, Pessaint L, Andersen H, Stobart CC, Bloodworth MH, Stokes Peebles R, Liu Y, Xie X, Shi PY, Moore ML, Tang RS. Mucosal administration of a live attenuated recombinant COVID-19 vaccine protects nonhuman primates from SARS-CoV-2. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:85. [PMID: 35906244 PMCID: PMC9334537 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the COVID-19 global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA virus that relies on its trimeric surface glycoprotein spike for entry into host cells. Here we describe the COVID-19 vaccine candidate MV-014-212, a live, attenuated, recombinant human respiratory syncytial virus expressing a chimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike as the only viral envelope protein. MV-014-212 was attenuated and immunogenic in African green monkeys (AGMs). One mucosal administration of MV-014-212 in AGMs protected against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, reducing by more than 200-fold the peak shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the nose. MV-014-212 elicited mucosal immunoglobulin A in the nose and neutralizing antibodies in serum that exhibited cross-neutralization against virus variants of concern Alpha, Beta, and Delta. Intranasally delivered, live attenuated vaccines such as MV-014-212 entail low-cost manufacturing suitable for global deployment. MV-014-212 is currently in Phase 1 clinical trials as an intranasal COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Jordan
- Meissa Vaccines Inc, Redwood City, CA, USA.,Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Danlu Wu
- Meissa Vaccines Inc, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Xing Cheng
- Meissa Vaccines Inc, Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa H Bloodworth
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Stokes Peebles
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Cai L, Xu H, Cui Z. Factors Limiting the Translatability of Rodent Model-Based Intranasal Vaccine Research to Humans. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:191. [PMID: 35819736 PMCID: PMC9274968 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intranasal route of vaccination presents an attractive alternative to parenteral routes and offers numerous advantages, such as the induction of both mucosal and systemic immunity, needle-free delivery, and increased patient compliance. Despite demonstrating promising results in preclinical studies, however, few intranasal vaccine candidates progress beyond early clinical trials. This discrepancy likely stems in part from the limited predictive value of rodent models, which are used frequently in intranasal vaccine research. In this review, we explored the factors that limit the translatability of rodent-based intranasal vaccine research to humans, focusing on the differences in anatomy, immunology, and disease pathology between rodents and humans. We also discussed approaches that minimize these differences and examined alternative animal models that would produce more clinically relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Cai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 University Ave., A1900, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, 2409 University Ave., A1900, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA.
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35
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of RSV G central conserved domain vaccine with a prefusion nanoparticle. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:74. [PMID: 35773301 PMCID: PMC9244890 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00487-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein has recently reemerged as a vaccine antigen due to its ability to elicit potent neutralizing antibodies and ameliorate disease in animal models. Here we designed three constructs to display the G central conserved domain (Gcc) focused on inducing broad and potent neutralizing antibodies. One construct displaying Gcc from both RSV subgroups trimerized via a C-terminal foldon (Gcc-Foldon) was highly immunogenic in mice and in MIMIC, a pre-immune human in vitro model. To explore an optimal RSV vaccine, we combined the Gcc-Foldon antigen with a stabilized pre-fusion-F nanoparticle (pre-F-NP) as a bivalent vaccine and detected no antigenic interference between the two antigens in the MIMIC model. In RSV-primed macaques, the bivalent vaccine elicited potent humoral responses. Furthermore, both Gcc-Foldon and the bivalent vaccine conferred effective protection against RSV challenge in mice. This two-component vaccine could potentially provide effective protection against RSV infection in humans and warrants further clinical evaluation.
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36
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Dayananda P, Chiu C, Openshaw P. Controlled Human Infection Challenge Studies with RSV. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35704096 DOI: 10.1007/82_2022_257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable momentum in the development of RSV vaccines and therapeutics, there remain substantial barriers to the development and licensing of effective agents, particularly in high-risk populations. The unique immunobiology of RSV and lack of clear protective immunological correlates has held back RSV vaccine development, which, therefore, depends on large and costly clinical trials to demonstrate efficacy. Studies involving the deliberate infection of human volunteers offer an intermediate step between pre-clinical and large-scale studies of natural infection. Human challenge has been used to demonstrate the potential efficacy of vaccines and antivirals while improving our understanding of the protective immunity against RSV infection. Early RSV human infection challenge studies determined the role of routes of administration and size of inoculum on the disease. However, inherent limitations, the use of highly attenuated/laboratory-adapted RSV strains and the continued evolutionary adaptation of RSV limits extrapolation of results to present-day vaccine testing. With advances in technology, it is now possible to perform more detailed investigations of human mucosal immunity against RSV in experimentally infected adults and, more recently, older adults to optimise the design of vaccines and novel therapies. These studies identified defects in RSV-induced humoral and CD8+ T cell immunity that may partly explain susceptibility to recurrent RSV infection. We discuss the insights from human infection challenge models, ethical and logistical considerations, potential benefits, and role in streamlining and accelerating novel antivirals and vaccines against RSV. Finally, we consider how human challenges might be extended to include relevant at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete Dayananda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Endt K, Wollmann Y, Haug J, Bernig C, Feigl M, Heiseke A, Kalla M, Hochrein H, Suter M, Chaplin P, Volkmann A. A Recombinant MVA-Based RSV Vaccine Induces T-Cell and Antibody Responses That Cooperate in the Protection Against RSV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841471. [PMID: 35774800 PMCID: PMC9238321 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a respiratory disease with a potentially fatal outcome especially in infants and elderly individuals. Several vaccines failed in pivotal clinical trials, and to date, no vaccine against RSV has been licensed. We have developed an RSV vaccine based on the recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara-BN® (MVA-RSV), containing five RSV-specific antigens that induced antibody and T-cell responses, which is currently tested in clinical trials. Here, the immunological mechanisms of protection were evaluated to determine viral loads in lungs upon vaccination of mice with MVA-RSV followed by intranasal RSV challenge. Depletion of CD4 or CD8 T cells, serum transfer, and the use of genetically engineered mice lacking the ability to generate either RSV-specific antibodies (T11µMT), the IgA isotype (IgA knockout), or CD8 T cells (β2M knockout) revealed that complete protection from RSV challenge is dependent on CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as antibodies, including IgA. Thus, MVA-RSV vaccination optimally protects against RSV infection by employing multiple arms of the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Endt
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kathrin Endt,
| | | | - Jana Haug
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Suter
- University of Zürich, Dekanat Vetsuisse-Fakultät Immunology, Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Li H, Ren H, Cao L, Guo J, Zhang Y, Fang Q, Xu W. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of different immunization routes induced by human respiratory syncytial virus F protein with CpG adjuvant in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:54-60. [PMID: 35716595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a leading cause worldwide of severe respiratory illness in infants and the elderly. The ideal HRSV vaccine should induce a systemic immune response, especially mucosal immunity. In this study, mice were immunized twice with F protein combined with CpG adjuvant to compare the safety and efficacy of 4 immunization routes, including intranasal primed/intramuscular boosted immunization (CpG + F/in+im), intramuscular primed/intranasal boosted immunization (CpG + F/im+in), intramuscular primed/intramuscular boosted immunization (CpG + F/im + im) and intranasal primed/intranasal boosted immunization (CpG + F/in+in). Compared with the control group (CpG/in+im, CpG/im+in, CpG/im + im and CpG/in+in), all 4 immunization routes induced a high titer of neutralizing antibodies and a strong cellular immune response. Mice in the CpG + F/in+in group induced the highest antibody neutralization titer, and IgA antibody in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was the highest. The copy of HRSVs in the lung decreased by approximately 3 log10. As seen from the IgG1/IgG2a and IFN-γ/IL-4-secreting lymphocyte ratios, compared with the mice in the CpG + F/im + im group, mice in the CpG + F/in+in group induced Th1-baised humoral and cellular immune responses and significantly reduced lung pathological injury. In conclusion, among the 4 immunization routes, the safety and efficacy induced by the mice in the CpG + F/in+in group were the best. We can conclude that intranasal immunization is superior to intramuscular immunization using F protein with CpG adjuvant as vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China
| | - Hu Ren
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China
| | - Lei Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China
| | - Jinyuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China
| | | | - Wenbo Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases (National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC), PR China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China.
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Samadizadeh S, Arabi MS, Yasaghi M, Salimi V, Tabarraei A, Moradi A, Tahamtan A. Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on respiratory syncytial virus infection in a mice model. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35417322 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in paediatrics. While antivirals are apparent candidates to treat RSV-induced diseases, they have not yet met expectations and have remained in infancy. There is growing evidence to suggest that modulating the exacerbated inflammation during RSV infection can improve disease outcome. Curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory effects against RSV-induced respiratory disease by reducing immune cells' infiltration and inflammatory cytokines' production. This study evaluated the effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes on RSV-induced immunopathology in a mice model. Curcumin-loaded niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro. Female Balb/c mice were infected by RSV-A2 and treated daily with curcumin-loaded niosomes. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin-loaded niosomes were evaluated on day 5 after infection. Using curcumin-loaded niosomes decreased immune cell influx and the inflammatory mediators (MIP-1α, TNF-α and IFN-γ) production in the lung, resulting in alleviated lung pathology following RSV infection. These findings indicate that curcumin-loaded niosomes have anti-inflammatory potential and could be a promising candidate to alleviate RSV-associated immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Samadizadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yasaghi
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alijan Tabarraei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdolvahab Moradi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Mackman RL. Phosphoramidate Prodrugs Continue to Deliver, The Journey of Remdesivir (GS-5734) from RSV to SARS-CoV-2. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:338-347. [PMID: 35291757 PMCID: PMC8887656 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a monophenol,
2-ethylbutylalanine phosphoramidate
prodrug of a 1′-cyano-4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine C-nucleoside
(GS-441524) that is FDA approved for the treatment of hospitalized
patients with COVID-19. The prodrug, initially invented for respiratory
syncytial virus, was later found to have activity toward emerging
RNA viruses, including Ebola and coronaviruses. Remdesivir is among
the first examples of a phosphoramidate prodrug aimed at delivering
a nucleoside monophosphate into lung cells to efficiently generate
the nucleoside triphosphate inhibitor of viral RNA polymerases. With
remdesivir as the central case study, the present work describes the
antiviral potency and in vitro metabolism evidence for lung cell activation
of phosphoramidates, together with their in vivo pharmacokinetics,
lung distribution, and antiviral efficacy toward respiratory viruses.
The lung delivery of nucleoside monophosphate analogs using prodrugs
warrants further investigation toward the development of novel respiratory
antivirals.
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Modeled in Aging Cotton Rats ( Sigmodon hispidus) and Mice ( Mus musculus). Adv Virol 2022; 2022:8637545. [PMID: 35309598 PMCID: PMC8926466 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8637545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serious infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with high risk in infants, children, and elderly. There is currently no approved vaccine against RSV infection, and the only available prevention is immunoprophylaxis utilized in high-risk infants, leaving the elderly without many options. In the elderly, the chronic low-grade inflammatory state of the body can play a significant role during infection. The cotton rat and mouse have emerged as the preferred small animal models to study RSV infection in the elderly. These animal models of aging have shown an age-dependent time course for clearance of virus correlating with a significantly diminished cytotoxic T lymphocyte and humoral immune response in old animals compared to adult animals. In addition, protection through vaccination is reduced in aging rodents. These results mirror the findings in humans. In mice and cotton rats, treatment with ibuprofen, a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), to decrease the chronic low-grade inflammation of the elderly immune system has proven successful in restoring the function of cytotoxic lymphocytes. While more research is required, these treatment types promise a beneficial effect in addition to a putative vaccine. Choosing an appropriate animal model to study RSV infection in the aging immune system is essential to benefit the growing population of elderly in the world. This review focuses on the current research of RSV infection in the cotton rat and mouse as model systems for an aging immune system.
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Korzaya LI, Dogadov DI, Goncharenko AM, Karlsen AA, Kyuregyan KK, Mikhailov MI. [Prevalence of laboratory markers of human respiratory viruses in monkeys of Adler primate center]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 66:425-433. [PMID: 35019249 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The relevance of studying the circulation of human respiratory viruses among laboratory primates is associated with the need to test vaccines and antiviral drugs against these infections on monkeys.The aim of this work was to study the prevalence of serological and molecular markers of human respiratory viral infections in laboratory primates born at the Adler Primate Center and in imported monkeys. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood serum samples (n = 1971) and lung autopsy material (n = 26) were obtained from different monkey species. These samples were tested for the presence of serological markers of measles, parainfluenza (PI) types 1, 2, 3, influenza A and B, respiratory syncytial (RS) and adenovirus infections using enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Detection of RS virus, metapneumovirus, PI virus types 1-4, rhinovirus, coronavirus, and adenoviruses B, C, E and bocavirus nucleic acids in this material was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The overall prevalence of antibodies (Abs) among all monkeys was low and amounted 11.3% (95% CI: 9.2-13.7%, n = 811) for measles virus, 8.9% (95% CI: 6.2-12.2%, n = 381) for PI type 3 virus, 2.5% (95% CI: 0.8-5.6%, n = 204) for PI type 1 virus, and 7.7% (95% CI: 3.8-13.7%, n = 130) for adenoviruses. When testing 26 autopsy lung samples from monkeys of different species that died from pneumonia, 2 samples from Anubis baboons (Papio аnubis) were positive for of parainfluenza virus type 3 RNA. CONCLUSION Our data suggest the importance of the strict adherence to the terms of quarantine and mandatory testing of monkey sera for the presence of IgM antibodies to the measles virus that indicate the recent infection. The role of PI virus type 3 in the pathology of the respiratory tract in Anubis baboons has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Korzaya
- FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Russia
| | - D I Dogadov
- FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Russia
| | - A M Goncharenko
- FSBRI «Research Institute of Medical Primatology» of the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Russia
| | - A A Karlsen
- FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia; FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»
| | - K K Kyuregyan
- FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia; FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»
| | - M I Mikhailov
- FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of Russia; FSBRI «I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera»
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Differential Expression of Mitosis and Cell Cycle Regulatory Genes during Recovery from an Acute Respiratory Virus Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121625. [PMID: 34959580 PMCID: PMC8708581 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infections can have profound and long-term effects on lung function that persist even after the acute responses have fully resolved. In this study, we examined gene expression by RNA sequencing in the lung tissue of wild-type BALB/c mice that were recovering from a sublethal infection with the pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a natural rodent pathogen of the same virus family and genus as the human respiratory syncytial virus. We compared these responses to gene expression in PVM-infected mice treated with Lactobacillus plantarum, an immunobiotic agent that limits inflammation and averts the negative clinical sequelae typically observed in response to acute infection with this pathogen. Our findings revealed prominent differential expression of inflammation-associated genes as well as numerous genes and gene families implicated in mitosis and cell-cycle regulation, including cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, cell division cycle genes, E2F transcription factors, kinesins, centromere proteins, and aurora kinases, among others. Of particular note was the differential expression of the cell division cycle gene Cdc20b, which was previously identified as critical for the ex vivo differentiation of multi-ciliated cells. Collectively, these findings provided us with substantial insight into post-viral repair processes and broadened our understanding of the mechanisms underlying Lactobacillus-mediated protection.
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Bergeron HC, Tripp RA. Immunopathology of RSV: An Updated Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2478. [PMID: 34960746 PMCID: PMC8703574 DOI: 10.3390/v13122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RSV is a leading cause of respiratory tract disease in infants and the elderly. RSV has limited therapeutic interventions and no FDA-approved vaccine. Gaps in our understanding of virus-host interactions and immunity contribute to the lack of biological countermeasures. This review updates the current understanding of RSV immunity and immunopathology with a focus on interferon responses, animal modeling, and correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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45
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Replacement Strategies for Animal Studies in Inhalation Testing. SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sci3040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal testing is mandatory in drug testing and is the gold standard for toxicity and efficacy evaluations. This situation is expected to change in the future as the 3Rs principle, which stands for the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of animals in science, is reinforced by many countries. On the other hand, technologies for alternatives to animal testing have increased. The need to develop and use alternatives depends on the complexity of the research topic and also on the extent to which the currently used animal models can mimic human physiology and/or exposure. The lung morphology and physiology of commonly used animal species differs from that of human lungs, and the realistic inhalation exposure of animals is challenging. In vitro and in silico methods can assess important aspects of the in vivo effects, namely particle deposition, dissolution, action at, and permeation through, the respiratory barrier, and pharmacokinetics. This review discusses the limitations of animal models and exposure systems and proposes in vitro and in silico techniques that could, when used together, reduce or even replace animal testing in inhalation testing in the future.
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46
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Xue M, Zhang Y, Wang H, Kairis EL, Lu M, Ahmad S, Attia Z, Harder O, Zhang Z, Wei J, Chen P, Gao Y, Peeples ME, Sharma A, Boyaka P, He C, Hur S, Niewiesk S, Li J. Viral RNA N6-methyladenosine modification modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses of human respiratory syncytial virus. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010142. [PMID: 34929018 PMCID: PMC8759664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in humans. A well-known challenge in the development of a live attenuated RSV vaccine is that interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral responses are strongly suppressed by RSV nonstructural proteins which, in turn, dampens the subsequent adaptive immune responses. Here, we discovered a novel strategy to enhance innate and adaptive immunity to RSV infection. Specifically, we found that recombinant RSVs deficient in viral RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and RSV grown in m6A methyltransferase (METTL3)-knockdown cells induce higher expression of RIG-I, bind more efficiently to RIG-I, and enhance RIG-I ubiquitination and IRF3 phosphorylation compared to wild-type virion RNA, leading to enhanced type I IFN production. Importantly, these m6A-deficient RSV mutants also induce a stronger IFN response in vivo, are significantly attenuated, induce higher neutralizing antibody and T cell immune responses in mice and provide complete protection against RSV challenge in cotton rats. Collectively, our results demonstrate that inhibition of RSV RNA m6A methylation enhances innate immune responses which in turn promote adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoge Xue
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuexiu Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Kairis
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mijia Lu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sadeem Ahmad
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zayed Attia
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Olivia Harder
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Phylip Chen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Youling Gao
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Peeples
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amit Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Prosper Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Chuan He
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Zohar T, Hsiao JC, Mehta N, Das J, Devadhasan A, Karpinski W, Callahan C, Citron MP, DiStefano DJ, Touch S, Wen Z, Sachs JR, Cejas PJ, Espeseth AS, Lauffenburger DA, Bett AJ, Alter G. Upper and lower respiratory tract correlates of protection against respiratory syncytial virus following vaccination of nonhuman primates. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 30:41-52.e5. [PMID: 34879230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of respiratory illness in infants and the elderly. Although several vaccines have been developed, none have succeeded in part due to our incomplete understanding of the correlates of immune protection. While both T cells and antibodies play a role, emerging data suggest that antibody-mediated mechanisms alone may be sufficient to provide protection. Therefore, to map the humoral correlates of immunity against RSV, antibody responses across six different vaccines were profiled in a highly controlled nonhuman primate-challenge model. Viral loads were monitored in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, and machine learning was used to determine the vaccine platform-agnostic antibody features associated with protection. Upper respiratory control was associated with virus-specific IgA levels, neutralization, and complement activity, whereas lower respiratory control was associated with Fc-mediated effector mechanisms. These findings provide critical compartment-specific insights toward the rational development of future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeff C Hsiao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nickita Mehta
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anush Devadhasan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wiktor Karpinski
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyun Wen
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Glowinski R, Mejias A, Ramilo O. New preventive strategies for respiratory syncytial virus infection in children. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:216-223. [PMID: 34781106 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections result in significant morbidity and mortality for young children worldwide. The development of preventive strategies for RSV has faced different challenges, including the legacy of the first vaccine attempt, and an incomplete understanding of the host immune response to the virus. However, promising preventive strategies against RSV are in the pipeline and their development has advanced rapidly in the past decade due in part to our improved knowledge about the structural conformation of key RSV proteins. These strategies include monoclonal antibodies and different vaccines platforms directed towards the main target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Glowinski
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Asuncion Mejias
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Pediatrics, Malaga Medical School (UMA), Malaga University, Spain
| | - Octavio Ramilo
- Center for Vaccines & Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
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49
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Citron MP, McAnulty J, Callahan C, Knapp W, Fontenot J, Morales P, Flynn JA, Douglas CM, Espeseth AS. Transplacental Antibody Transfer of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Specific IgG in Non-Human Primate Mother-Infant Pairs. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111441. [PMID: 34832599 PMCID: PMC8624788 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to protect new-borns against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is to vaccinate pregnant women in the last trimester of pregnancy. The boosting of circulating antibodies which can be transferred to the foetus would offer immune protection against the virus and ultimately the disease. Since non-human primates (NHPs) have similar reproductive anatomy, physiology, and antibody architecture and kinetics to humans, we utilized this preclinical species to evaluate maternal immunization (MI) using an RSV F subunit vaccine. Three species of NHPs known for their ability to be infected with human RSV in experimental challenge studies were tested for RSV-specific antibodies. African green monkeys had the highest overall antibody levels of the old-world monkeys evaluated and they gave birth to offspring with anti-RSV titers that were proportional to their mother. These higher overall antibody levels are associated with greater durability found in their offspring. Immunization of RSV seropositive AGMs during late pregnancy boosts RSV titers, which consequentially results in significantly higher titers in the vaccinated new-borns compared to the new-borns of unvaccinated mothers. These findings, accomplished in small treatment group sizes, demonstrate a model that provides an efficient, resource sparing and translatable preclinical in vivo system for evaluating vaccine candidates for maternal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Citron
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica McAnulty
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Cheryl Callahan
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Walter Knapp
- Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA;
| | - Jane Fontenot
- The New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA;
| | - Pablo Morales
- The Mannheimer Foundation, Homestead, FL 33034, USA;
| | - Jessica A. Flynn
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Cameron M. Douglas
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
| | - Amy S. Espeseth
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA; (J.M.); (C.C.); (J.A.F.); (C.M.D.); (A.S.E.)
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50
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Li W, Du X, Yang Y, Yuan L, Yang M, Qin L, Wang L, Zhou K, Xiang Y, Qu X, Liu H, Qin X, Xiao G, Liu C. miRNA-34b/c regulates mucus secretion in RSV-infected airway epithelial cells by targeting FGFR1. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10565-10574. [PMID: 34636482 PMCID: PMC8581336 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in airway epithelial cells is the main cause of bronchiolitis in children. Excessive mucus secretion is one of the primary symbols in RSV related lower respiratory tract infections (RSV-related LRTI). However, the pathological processes of mucus hypersecretion in RSV-infected airway epithelial cells remains unclear. The current study explores the involvement of miR-34b/miR-34c in mucus hypersecretion in RSV-infected airway epithelial cells by targeting FGFR1. First, miR-34b/miR-34c and FGFR1 mRNA were quantified by qPCR in throat swab samples and cell lines, respectively. Then, the luciferase reporters' assay was designed to verify the direct binding between FGFR1 and miR-34b/miR-34c. Finally, the involvement of AP-1 signalling was assessed by western blot. This study identified that miR-34b/miR-34c was involved in c-Jun-regulated MUC5AC production by targeting FGFR1 in RSV-infected airway epithelial cells. These results provide some useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of mucus hypersecretion which may also bring new potential strategies to improve mucus hypersecretion in RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Li
- Department of PediatricsHunan Provincial People’s HospitalThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xizi Du
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyFaculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNSWAustralia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Yang
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory DiseaseSchool of Biomedical Sciences and PharmacyFaculty of Health and MedicineUniversity of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research InstituteCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Leyuan Wang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiangping Qu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Huijun Liu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Gelei Xiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medicine ScienceCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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