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Lopez CE, Zacharias ZR, Ross KA, Narasimhan B, Waldschmidt TJ, Legge KL. Polyanhydride nanovaccine against H3N2 influenza A virus generates mucosal resident and systemic immunity promoting protection. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:96. [PMID: 38822003 PMCID: PMC11143372 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide due to seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics. The antigenic drift/shift of IAV continually gives rise to new strains and subtypes, aiding IAV in circumventing previously established immunity. As a result, there has been substantial interest in developing a broadly protective IAV vaccine that induces, durable immunity against multiple IAVs. Previously, a polyanhydride nanoparticle-based vaccine or nanovaccine (IAV-nanovax) encapsulating H1N1 IAV antigens was reported, which induced pulmonary B and T cell immunity and resulted in cross-strain protection against IAV. A key feature of IAV-nanovax is its ability to easily incorporate diverse proteins/payloads, potentially increasing its ability to provide broad protection against IAV and/or other pathogens. Due to human susceptibility to both H1N1 and H3N2 IAV, several H3N2 nanovaccines were formulated herein with multiple IAV antigens to examine the "plug-and-play" nature of the polyanhydride nanovaccine platform and determine their ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity and broad-based protection similar to IAV-nanovax. The H3N2-based IAV nanovaccine formulations induced systemic and mucosal B cell responses which were associated with antigen-specific antibodies. Additionally, systemic and lung-tissue resident CD4 and CD8 T cell responses were enhanced post-vaccination. These immune responses corresponded with protection against both homologous and heterosubtypic IAV infection. Overall, these results demonstrate the plug-and-play nature of the polyanhydride nanovaccine platform and its ability to generate immunity and protection against IAV utilizing diverse antigenic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Thomas J Waldschmidt
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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2
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Saini I, Joshi J, Kaur S. Leishmania vaccine development: A comprehensive review. Cell Immunol 2024; 399-400:104826. [PMID: 38669897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Infectious diseases like leishmaniasis, malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, leprosy and filariasis are responsible for an immense burden on public health systems. Among these, leishmaniasis is under the category I diseases as it is selected by WHO (World Health Organization) on the ground of diversity and complexity. High cost, resistance and toxic effects of Leishmania traditional drugs entail identification and development of therapeutic alternative. Since the natural infection elicits robust immunity, consistence efforts are going on to develop a successful vaccine. Clinical trials have been conducted on vaccines like Leish-F1, F2, and F3 formulated using specific Leishmania antigen epitopes. Current strategies utilize individual or combined antigens from the parasite or its insect vector's salivary gland extract, with or without adjuvant formulation for enhanced efficacy. Promising animal data supports multiple vaccine candidates (Lmcen-/-, LmexCen-/-), with some already in or heading for clinical trials. The crucial challenge in Leishmania vaccine development is to translate the research knowledge into affordable and accessible control tools that refines the outcome for those who are susceptible to infection. This review focuses on recent findings in Leishmania vaccines and highlights difficulties facing vaccine development and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Saini
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Goswami Ganesh Dutta Sanatan Dharma College, Sector-32C, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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3
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Pabon-Rodriguez FM, Brown GD, Scorza BM, Petersen CA. Within-host bayesian joint modeling of longitudinal and time-to-event data of Leishmania infection. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297175. [PMID: 38335163 PMCID: PMC10857584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The host immune system plays a significant role in managing and clearing pathogen material during an infection, but this complex process presents numerous challenges from a modeling perspective. There are many mathematical and statistical models for these kinds of processes that take into account a wide range of events that happen within the host. In this work, we present a Bayesian joint model of longitudinal and time-to-event data of Leishmania infection that considers the interplay between key drivers of the disease process: pathogen load, antibody level, and disease. The longitudinal model also considers approximate inflammatory and regulatory immune factors. In addition to measuring antibody levels produced by the immune system, we adapt data from CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, and expression of interleukin 10, interferon-gamma, and programmed cell death 1 as inflammatory or regulatory factors mediating the disease process. The model is developed using data collected from a cohort of dogs naturally exposed to Leishmania infantum. The cohort was chosen to start with healthy infected animals, and this is the majority of the data. The model also characterizes the relationship features of the longitudinal outcomes and time-to-death due to progressive Leishmania infection. In addition to describing the mechanisms causing disease progression and impacting the risk of death, we also present the model's ability to predict individual trajectories of Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) progression. The within-host model structure we present here provides a way forward to address vital research questions regarding the understanding of the progression of complex chronic diseases such as Visceral Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease causing significant morbidity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Pabon-Rodriguez
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Grant D. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Breanna M. Scorza
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Christine A. Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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4
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Pattnaik A, Dhalech AH, Condotta SA, Corn C, Richer MJ, Snell LM, Robinson CM. A viral-specific CD4 + T cell response protects female mice from Coxsackievirus B3 infection. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1327384. [PMID: 38274806 PMCID: PMC10808549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1327384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biological sex plays an integral role in the immune response to various pathogens. The underlying basis for these sex differences is still not well defined. Here, we show that Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) induces a viral-specific CD4+ T cell response that can protect female mice from mortality. Methods We inoculated C57BL/6 Ifnar-/- mice with CVB3. We investigated the T cell response in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes in male and female mice following infection. Results We found that CVB3 can induce expansion of CD62Llo CD4+ T cells in the mesenteric lymph node and spleen of female but not male mice as early as 5 days post-inoculation, indicative of activation. Using a recombinant CVB3 virus expressing a model CD4+ T cell epitope, we found that this response is due to viral antigen and not bystander activation. Finally, the depletion of CD4+ T cells before infection increased mortality in female mice, indicating that CD4+ T cells play a protective role against CVB3 in our model. Conclusions Overall, these data demonstrated that CVB3 can induce an early CD4 response in female but not male mice and further emphasize how sex differences in immune responses to pathogens affect disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher M. Robinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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5
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Brunel S, Picarda G, Gupta A, Ghosh R, McDonald B, El Morabiti R, Jiang W, Greenbaum JA, Adler B, Seumois G, Croft M, Vijayanand P, Benedict CA. Late-rising CD4 T cells resolve mouse cytomegalovirus persistent replication in the salivary gland. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011852. [PMID: 38236791 PMCID: PMC10796040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional antiviral memory CD4 T cells typically arise during the first two weeks of acute infection. Unlike most viruses, cytomegalovirus (CMV) exhibits an extended persistent replication phase followed by lifelong latency accompanied with some gene expression. We show that during mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, CD4 T cells recognizing an epitope derived from the viral M09 protein only develop after conventional memory T cells have already peaked and contracted. Ablating these CD4 T cells by mutating the M09 genomic epitope in the MCMV Smith strain, or inducing them by introducing the epitope into the K181 strain, resulted in delayed or enhanced control of viral persistence, respectively. These cells were shown to be unique compared to their conventional memory counterparts; producing higher IFNγ and IL-2 and lower IL-10 levels. RNAseq analyses revealed them to express distinct subsets of effector genes as compared to classical CD4 T cells. Additionally, when M09 cells were induced by epitope vaccination they significantly enhanced protection when compared to conventional CD4 T cells alone. These data show that late-rising CD4 T cells are a unique memory subset with excellent protective capacities that display a development program strongly differing from the majority of memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brunel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gaelle Picarda
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ankan Gupta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Raima Ghosh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bryan McDonald
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rachid El Morabiti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wenjin Jiang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Greenbaum
- LJI Bioinformatics Core, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Barbara Adler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig- Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chris A. Benedict
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, United States of America
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6
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Palermo B, Franzese O, Frisullo G, D'Ambrosio L, Panetta M, Campo G, D'Andrea D, Sperduti I, De Nicola F, Goeman F, Gallina F, Visca P, Facciolo F, Nisticò P. CD28/PD1 co-expression: dual impact on CD8 + T cells in peripheral blood and tumor tissue, and its significance in NSCLC patients' survival and ICB response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:287. [PMID: 37898752 PMCID: PMC10612243 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has significantly prolonged survival of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, although most patients develop mechanisms of resistance. Recently single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) revealed a huge T-cell phenotypic and (dys)functional state variability. Accordingly, T-cell exhaustion is recognized as a functional adaptation, with a dynamic progression from a long-lived "pre-exhausted stem-like progenitor" to a "terminally exhausted" state. In this scenario it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between co-stimulatory and inhibitory molecules in CD8+ T-cell functionality. METHODS To gain a baseline landscape of the composition, functional states, and transcriptomic signatures predictive of prognosis, we analyzed CD8+ T-cell subsets characterized by the presence/absence of PD1 and CD28 from periphery, adjacent non-tumor tissue and tumor site of a cohort of treatment-naïve NSCLC patients, by integrated multiparametric flow cytometry, targeted multi-omic scRNA-seq analyses, and computational pipelines. RESULTS Despite the increased PD1 levels, an improved PD1+CD28+ T-cell polyfunctionality was observed with the transition from periphery to tumor site, associated with lack of TIGIT, TIM-3 and LAG-3, but not with Ag-experienced-marker CD11a. Differently from CD28+ T cells, the increased PD1 levels in the tumor were associated with reduced functionality in PD1+CD28- T cells. CD11ahigh, although expressed only in a small fraction of this subset, still sustained its functionality. Absence of TIGIT, TIM-3 and CTLA-4, alone or combined, was beneficial to CD28- T cells. Notably, we observed distinct TRM phenotypes in the different districts, with CD28+ T cells more capable of producing TGFβ in the periphery, potentially contributing to elevated CD103 levels. In contrast CD28- TRM mainly produced CXCL13 within the tumor. ScRNA-seq revealed 5 different clusters for each of the two subsets, with distinctive transcriptional profiles in the three districts. By interrogating the TCGA dataset of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and metastatic NSCLC treated with atezolizumab, we found signatures of heterogeneous TRM and "pre-exhausted" long-lived effector memory CD8+ T cells associated with improved response to ICB only in the presence of CD28. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify signatures able to stratify survival of LUAD patients and predict ICB response in advanced NSCLC. CD28 is advocated as a key determinant in the signatures identified, in both periphery and tumor site, thus likely providing feasible biomarkers of ICB response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Palermo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Franzese
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo D'Ambrosio
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Panetta
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Campo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel D'Andrea
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics and Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Frauke Goeman
- SAFU Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Gallina
- Thoracic-Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Visca
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Facciolo
- Thoracic-Surgery Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Nisticò
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Cao J, Gu H, Zhang X, Yun H, Li J, Si CY, Zhang J, Wang H. Intranasal inoculation of female BALB/c mice with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein aggravates lung pathology upon re-encountering the antigen. Virus Res 2023; 335:199201. [PMID: 37595663 PMCID: PMC10470087 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N)-based vaccines, along with other viral protein(s), confer protection in various animal models against infection by SARS-CoV-2 ancestral virus and variants of concern. However, the optimal vaccination procedure and the role of N-specific host adaptive immune responses remain elusive. Here, we report that intranasal inoculation with replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 expressing SARS-CoV-2 N protein (Ad5-N) conferred no protection in the lung of female BALB/c mice upon re-encountering the antigen, either by 10-fold Ad5-N re-exposure or sublethal infection of mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2. By contrast, this procedure led to aggravated lung pathology with more necroptotic CD3+ T cells and Ly6G+ granulocytes, which was associated with the accumulation of IFN-γ-expressing antigen-experienced CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These findings pre-caution the clinical application of this vaccination procedure. Furthermore, our data suggest that excessive host adaptive immune responses against N protein contributes to COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Cao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongjing Gu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Hongfang Yun
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chuan-Yimu Si
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, Hengyang 421001, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China.
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8
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Pabon-Rodriguez FM, Brown GD, Scorza BM, Petersen CA. Within-Host Bayesian Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data of Leishmania Infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557114. [PMID: 37745423 PMCID: PMC10515798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The host immune system plays a significant role in managing and clearing pathogen material during an infection, but this complex process presents numerous challenges from a modeling perspective. There are many mathematical and statistical models for these kinds of processes that take into account a wide range of events that happen within the host. In this work, we present a Bayesian joint model of longitudinal and time-to-event data of Leishmania infection that considers the interplay between key drivers of the disease process: pathogen load, antibody level, and disease. The longitudinal model also considers approximate inflammatory and regulatory immune factors. In addition to measuring antibody levels produced by the immune system, we adapt data from CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation, and expression of interleukin 10, interferon-gamma, and programmed cell death 1 as inflammatory or regulatory factors mediating the disease process. The model is developed using data collected from a cohort of dogs naturally exposed to Leishmania infantum. The cohort was chosen to start with healthy infected animals, and this is the majority of the data. The model also characterizes the relationship features of the longitudinal outcomes and time of death due to progressive Leishmania infection. In addition to describing the mechanisms causing disease progression and impacting the risk of death, we also present the model's ability to predict individual trajectories of Canine Leishmaniosis (CanL) progression. The within-host model structure we present here provides a way forward to address vital research questions regarding the understanding progression of complex chronic diseases such as Visceral Leishmaniasis, a parasitic disease causing significant morbidity worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M. Pabon-Rodriguez
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Grant D. Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Breanna M. Scorza
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Christine A. Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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9
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West EE, Merle NS, Kamiński MM, Palacios G, Kumar D, Wang L, Bibby JA, Overdahl K, Jarmusch AK, Freeley S, Lee DY, Thompson JW, Yu ZX, Taylor N, Sitbon M, Green DR, Bohrer A, Mayer-Barber KD, Afzali B, Kazemian M, Scholl-Buergi S, Karall D, Huemer M, Kemper C. Loss of CD4 + T cell-intrinsic arginase 1 accelerates Th1 response kinetics and reduces lung pathology during influenza infection. Immunity 2023; 56:2036-2053.e12. [PMID: 37572656 PMCID: PMC10576612 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (Arg1), the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of arginine to ornithine, is a hallmark of IL-10-producing immunoregulatory M2 macrophages. However, its expression in T cells is disputed. Here, we demonstrate that induction of Arg1 expression is a key feature of lung CD4+ T cells during mouse in vivo influenza infection. Conditional ablation of Arg1 in CD4+ T cells accelerated both virus-specific T helper 1 (Th1) effector responses and its resolution, resulting in efficient viral clearance and reduced lung pathology. Using unbiased transcriptomics and metabolomics, we found that Arg1-deficiency was distinct from Arg2-deficiency and caused altered glutamine metabolism. Rebalancing this perturbed glutamine flux normalized the cellular Th1 response. CD4+ T cells from rare ARG1-deficient patients or CRISPR-Cas9-mediated ARG1-deletion in healthy donor cells phenocopied the murine cellular phenotype. Collectively, CD4+ T cell-intrinsic Arg1 functions as an unexpected rheostat regulating the kinetics of the mammalian Th1 lifecycle with implications for Th1-associated tissue pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E West
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Nicolas S Merle
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcin M Kamiński
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Gustavo Palacios
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dhaneshwar Kumar
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luopin Wang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jack A Bibby
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Overdahl
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alan K Jarmusch
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Simon Freeley
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - J Will Thompson
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Taylor
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Sitbon
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier (IGMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Andrea Bohrer
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin D Mayer-Barber
- Inflammation and Innate Immunity Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sabine Scholl-Buergi
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Karall
- Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Huemer
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pediatrics, Landeskrankenhaus (LKH) Bregenz, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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10
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Tvingsholm SA, Frej MS, Rafa VM, Hansen UK, Ormhøj M, Tyron A, Jensen AWP, Kadivar M, Bentzen AK, Munk KK, Aasbjerg GN, Ternander JSH, Heeke C, Tamhane T, Schmess C, Funt SA, Kjeldsen JW, Kverneland AH, Met Ö, Draghi A, Jakobsen SN, Donia M, Marie Svane I, Hadrup SR. TCR-engaging scaffolds selectively expand antigen-specific T-cells with a favorable phenotype for adoptive cell therapy. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006847. [PMID: 37586765 PMCID: PMC10432666 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has shown promising results for the treatment of cancer and viral infections. Successful ACT relies on ex vivo expansion of large numbers of desired T-cells with strong cytotoxic capacity and in vivo persistence, which constitutes the greatest challenge to current ACT strategies. Here, in this study, we present a novel technology for ex vivo expansion of antigen-specific T-cells; artificial antigen-presenting scaffolds (Ag-scaffolds) consisting of a dextran-polysaccharide backbone, decorated with combinations of peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC), cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules, enabling coordinated stimulation of antigen-specific T-cells. METHODS The capacity of Ag-scaffolds to expand antigen-specific T-cells was explored in ex vivo cultures with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors and patients with metastatic melanoma. The resulting T-cell products were assessed for phenotypic and functional characteristics. RESULTS We identified an optimal Ag-scaffold for expansion of T-cells for ACT, carrying pMHC and interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-21, with which we efficiently expanded both virus-specific and tumor-specific CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients, respectively. The resulting T-cell products were characterized by a high frequency of antigen-specific cells with high self-renewal capacity, low exhaustion, a multifunctional cytokine profile upon antigen-challenge and superior tumor killing capacity. This demonstrates that the coordinated stimuli provided by an optimized stoichiometry of TCR engaging (pMHC) and stimulatory (cytokine) moieties is essential to obtain desired T-cell characteristics. To generate an 'off-the-shelf' multitargeting Ag-scaffold product of relevance to patients with metastatic melanoma, we identified the 30 most frequently recognized shared HLA-A0201-restricted melanoma epitopes in a cohort of 87 patients. By combining these in an Ag-scaffold product, we were able to expand tumor-specific T-cells from 60-70% of patients with melanoma, yielding a multitargeted T-cell product with up to 25% specific and phenotypically and functionally improved T cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the Ag-scaffold represents a promising new technology for selective expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells directly from blood, yielding a highly specific and functionally enhanced T-cell product for ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vibeke Mindahl Rafa
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Maria Ormhøj
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Tyron
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Agnete W P Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Kadivar
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Amalie Kai Bentzen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kamilla K Munk
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gitte N Aasbjerg
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Heeke
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tripti Tamhane
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Schmess
- NMI Natural and Medical Science Institute, University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Samuel A Funt
- Deptartment of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Handrup Kverneland
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Søren Nyboe Jakobsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Demerlé C, Gorvel L, Mello M, Pastor S, Degos C, Zarubica A, Angelis F, Fiore F, Nunes JA, Malissen B, Greillier L, Guittard G, Luche H, Barlesi F, Olive D. Anti-HVEM mAb therapy improves antitumoral immunity both in vitro and in vivo, in a novel transgenic mouse model expressing human HVEM and BTLA molecules challenged with HVEM expressing tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006348. [PMID: 37230538 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFRSF14)/herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) is the ligand for B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160-negative immune co-signaling molecules as well as viral proteins. Its expression is dysregulated with an overexpression in tumors and a connection with tumors of adverse prognosis. METHODS We developed C57BL/6 mouse models co-expressing human (hu)BTLA and huHVEM as well as antagonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that completely prevent the interactions of HVEM with its ligands. RESULTS Here, we show that the anti-HVEM18-10 mAb increases primary human αβ-T cells activity alone (CIS-activity) or in the presence of HVEM-expressing lung or colorectal cancer cells in vitro (TRANS-activity). Anti-HVEM18-10 synergizes with antiprogrammed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) mAb to activate T cells in the presence of PD-L1-positive tumors, but is sufficient to trigger T cell activation in the presence of PD-L1-negative cells. In order to better understand HVEM18-10 effects in vivo and especially disentangle its CIS and TRANS effects, we developed a knockin (KI) mouse model expressing human BTLA (huBTLA+/+) and a KI mouse model expressing both huBTLA+/+/huHVEM+/+ (double KI (DKI)). In vivo preclinical experiments performed in both mouse models showed that HVEM18-10 treatment was efficient to decrease human HVEM+ tumor growth. In the DKI model, anti-HVEM18-10 treatment induces a decrease of exhausted CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells and an increase of effector memory CD4+ T cells within the tumor. Interestingly, mice which completely rejected tumors (±20%) did not develop tumors on rechallenge in both settings, therefore showing a marked T cell-memory phenotype effect. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our preclinical models validate anti-HVEM18-10 as a promising therapeutic antibody to use in clinics as a monotherapy or in combination with existing immunotherapies (antiprogrammed cell death protein 1/anti-PD-L1/anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Demerlé
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Gorvel
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marielle Mello
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Sonia Pastor
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Clara Degos
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Ana Zarubica
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Angelis
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Jacques A Nunes
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Geoffrey Guittard
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Hervé Luche
- Centre d'Immunophénomique-CIPHE (PHENOMIN), Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- Department of Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations, CHU NORD, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Department of Immunomonitoring, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
- Team Immunity and Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Marseille, France
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12
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Ito D, Ito H, Ando T, Sakai Y, Ideta T, Ishii KJ, Ishikawa T, Shimizu M. Spermidine enhances the efficacy of adjuvant in HBV vaccination in mice. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:02009842-202304010-00022. [PMID: 36972390 PMCID: PMC10043579 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Various vaccine adjuvants have been developed to eliminate HBV from patients with chronic HBV infection. In addition, spermidine (SPD), a type of polyamine, has been reported to enhance the activity of immune cells. In the present study, we investigated whether the combination of SPD and vaccine adjuvant enhances the HBV antigen-specific immune response to HBV vaccination. Methods: Wild-type and HBV-transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice were vaccinated 2 or 3 times. SPD was orally administered in drinking water. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-AMP (cGAMP) and nanoparticulate CpG-ODN (K3-SPG) were used as the HBV vaccine adjuvants. The HBV antigen-specific immune response was evaluated by measuring the HBsAb titer in blood collected over time and the number of interferon-γ producing cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Results: The administration of HBsAg + cGAMP + SPD or HBsAg + K3-SPG + SPD significantly enhanced HBsAg-specific interferon-γ production by CD8 T cells from wild-type and HBV-Tg mice. The administration of HBsAg, cGAMP, and SPD increased serum HBsAb levels in wild-type and HBV-Tg mice. In HBV-Tg mice, the administration of SPD + cGAMP or SPD + K3-SPG with HBV vaccination significantly reduced HBsAg levels in the liver and serum. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the combination of HBV vaccine adjuvant and SPD induces a stronger humoral and cellular immune response through T-cell activation. These treatments may support the development of a strategy to completely eliminate HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takayasu Ideta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahito Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
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13
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Ferragut F, Cruz KM, Gallardo JP, Fernández M, Hernández Vasquez Y, Gómez KA. Activation-induced marker assays for identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-specific CD4 or CD8 T cells in chronic Chagas disease patients. Immunology 2022; 169:185-203. [PMID: 36567491 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T cells are central to the adaptive immune response against T. cruzi infection and underpin the efficacy of on-going vaccine strategies. In this context, the present study focuses on T-cell assays that define the parasite-specificity on the basis of upregulation of TCR stimulation-induced surface markers. For this purpose, we tested different dual marker combinations (OX40, CD25, CD40L, CD137, CD69, PD-L1, CD11a, CD49d, HLA-DR, CD38) to reliably identify activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell populations from PBMCs of chronic Chagas disease (CCD) patients after 12 or 24 h of stimulation with T. cruzi lysate. Results demonstrated that activation-induced markers (AIM) assays combining the expression of OX40, CD25, CD40L, CD137, CD69 and/or PD-L1 surface markers are efficient at detecting T. cruzi-specific CD4+ T cells in CCD patients, in comparison to non-infected donors, after both stimulation times. For CD8+ T cells, only PD-L1/OX40 after 24 h of antigen exposure resulted to be useful to track a parasite-specific response. We also demonstrated that the agnostic activation is mediated by different T. cruzi strains, such as Dm28c, CL Brener or Sylvio. Additionally, we successfully used this approach to identify the phenotype of activated T lymphocytes based on the expression of CD45RA and CCR7. Overall, our results show that different combinations of AIM markers represent an effective and simple tool for the detection of T. cruzi-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karen M Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Gallardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa Fernández
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén' (INP-ANLIS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Yolanda Hernández Vasquez
- Instituto Nacional de Parasitología 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chabén' (INP-ANLIS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Peng H, Li L, Zuo C, Chen MY, Zhang X, Myers NB, Hogg GD, DeNardo DG, Goedegebuure SP, Hawkins WG, Gillanders WE. Combination TIGIT/PD-1 blockade enhances the efficacy of neoantigen vaccines in a model of pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039226. [PMID: 36569934 PMCID: PMC9772034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer neoantigens are important targets of cancer immunotherapy and neoantigen vaccines are currently in development in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other cancer types. Immune regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic cancer may limit the efficacy of neoantigen vaccines. Targeting immune checkpoint signaling pathways in PDAC may improve the efficacy of neoantigen vaccines. Methods We used KPC4580P, an established model of PDAC, to test whether neoantigen vaccines can generate therapeutic efficacy against PDAC. We focused on two immunogenic neoantigens associated with genetic alterations in the CAR12 and CDK12 genes. We tested a neoantigen vaccine comprised of two 20-mer synthetic long peptides and poly IC, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist. We investigated the ability of neoantigen vaccine alone, or in combination with PD-1 and TIGIT signaling blockade to impact tumor growth. We also assessed the impact of TIGIT signaling on T cell responses in human PDAC. Results Neoantigen vaccines induce neoantigen-specific T cell responses in tumor-bearing mice and slow KPC4580P tumor growth. However, KPC4580P tumors express high levels of PD-L1 and the TIGIT ligand, CD155. A subset of neoantigen-specific T cells in KPC4580P tumors are dysfunctional, and express high levels of TIGIT. PD-1 and TIGIT signaling blockade in vivo reverses T cell dysfunction and enhances neoantigen vaccine-induced T cell responses and tumor regression. In human translational studies, TIGIT signaling blockade in vitro enhances neoantigen-specific T cell function following vaccination. Conclusions Taken together, preclinical and human translational studies support testing neoantigen vaccines in combination with therapies targeting the PD-1 and TIGIT signaling pathways in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lijin Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Chong Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Michael Y. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Nancy B. Myers
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Graham D. Hogg
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David G. DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - S. Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - William G. Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: William G. Hawkins, ; William E. Gillanders,
| | - William E. Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: William G. Hawkins, ; William E. Gillanders,
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15
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Mazire PH, Saha B, Roy A. Immunotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: A trapeze of balancing counteractive forces. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108969. [PMID: 35738089 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, residing and replicating within the cells of the monocyte-macrophage (mono-mac) lineage, causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans. While, Leishmania infantum, is the main causative agent for zoonotic VL, where dogs are the main reservoirs of the disease. The chemotherapy is a serious problem because of restricted repertoire of drugs, drug-resistant parasites, drug-toxicity and the requirement for parenteral administration, which is a problem in resource-starved countries. Moreover, immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-1 infected are at higher risk of VL due to impairment in T-helper cell and regulatory cell responses. Furthermore, HIV-VL co-infected patients report poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Recent efforts are therefore directed towards devising both prophylactic and therapeutic immunomodulation. As far as prophylaxis is concerned, although canine vaccines for the disease caused by Leishmania infantum or Leishmania chagasi are available, no vaccine is available for use in humans till date. Therefore, anti-leishmanial immunotherapy triggering or manipulating the host's immune response is gaining momentum during the last two decades. Immunomodulators comprised of small molecules, anti-leishmanial peptides, complex ligands for host receptors, cytokines or their agonists and antibodies have been given trials both in experimental models and in humans. However, the success of immunotherapy in humans remains a far-off target. We, therefore, propose that devising a successful immunotherapy is an act of balancing enhanced beneficial Leishmania-specific responses and deleterious immune activation/hyperinflammation just as the swings in a trapeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka H Mazire
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India
| | - Amit Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India.
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16
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CD4 expression in effector T cells depends on DNA demethylation over a developmentally established stimulus-responsive element. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1477. [PMID: 35304452 PMCID: PMC8933563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The epigenetic patterns that are established during early thymic development might determine mature T cell physiology and function, but the molecular basis and topography of the genetic elements involved are not fully known. Here we show, using the Cd4 locus as a paradigm for early developmental programming, that DNA demethylation during thymic development licenses a novel stimulus-responsive element that is critical for the maintenance of Cd4 gene expression in effector T cells. We document the importance of maintaining high CD4 expression during parasitic infection and show that by driving transcription, this stimulus-responsive element allows for the maintenance of histone H3K4me3 levels during T cell replication, which is critical for preventing de novo DNA methylation at the Cd4 promoter. A failure to undergo epigenetic programming during development leads to gene silencing during effector T cell replication. Our study thus provides evidence of early developmental events shaping the functional fitness of mature effector T cells.
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17
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Jian JY, Inoue SI, Bayarsaikhan G, Miyakoda M, Kimura D, Kimura K, Nozaki E, Sakurai T, Fernandez-Ruiz D, Heath WR, Yui K. CD49d marks Th1 and Tfh-like antigen-specific CD4+ T cells during Plasmodium chabaudi infection. Int Immunol 2021; 33:409-422. [PMID: 33914894 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, specific CD4+ T cells up-regulate the expression of CD11a and CD49d, surrogate markers of pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells. However, using T-cell receptor transgenic mice specific for a Plasmodium antigen, termed PbT-II, we found that activated CD4+ T cells develop not only to CD11ahiCD49dhi cells, but also to CD11ahiCD49dlo cells during acute Plasmodium infection. CD49dhi PbT-II cells, localized in the red pulp of spleens, expressed transcription factor T-bet and produced IFN-γ, indicating that they were type 1 helper T (Th1)-type cells. In contrast, CD49dlo PbT-II cells resided in the white pulp/marginal zones and were a heterogeneous population, with approximately half of them expressing CXCR5 and a third expressing Bcl-6, a master regulator of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. In adoptive transfer experiments, both CD49dhi and CD49dlo PbT-II cells differentiated into CD49dhi Th1-type cells after stimulation with antigen-pulsed dendritic cells, while CD49dhi and CD49dlo phenotypes were generally maintained in mice infected with Plasmodium chabaudi. These results suggest that CD49d is expressed on Th1-type Plasmodium-specific CD4+ T cells, which are localized in the red pulp of the spleen, and can be used as a marker of antigen-specific Th1 CD4+ T cells, rather than that of all pathogen-specific CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yu Jian
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Inoue
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ganchimeg Bayarsaikhan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mana Miyakoda
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kimura
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Eriko Nozaki
- Core Laboratory for Proteomics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Fernandez-Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katsuyuki Yui
- Division of Immunology, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Program for Nurturing Global Leaders in Tropical and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
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18
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Oxley KL, Hanson BM, Zani AN, Bishop GA. Activated B lymphocytes and tumor cell lysate as an effective cellular cancer vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3093-3103. [PMID: 33765210 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines that utilize patient antigen-presenting cells to fight their own tumors have shown exciting promise in many preclinical studies, but have proven quite challenging to translate to clinical feasibility. Dendritic cells have typically been the cell of choice for such vaccine platforms, due to their ability to endocytose antigens nonspecifically, and their expression of multiple surface molecules that enhance antigen presentation. However, dendritic cells are present in low numbers in human peripheral blood and must be matured in culture before use in vaccines. Mature B lymphocytes, in contrast, are relatively abundant in peripheral blood, and can be quickly activated and expanded in overnight cultures. We devised an optimal stimulation cocktail that engages the B cell antigen receptor, CD40, TLR4 and TLR7, to activate B cells to present antigens from lysates of the recipient's tumor cells, precluding the need for known tumor antigens. This B cell vaccine (Bvac) improved overall survival from B16F1 melanoma challenge, as well as reduced tumor size and increased time to tumor appearance. Bvac upregulated B cell antigen presentation molecules, stimulated activation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and induced T cell migration. Bvac provides an alternative cellular vaccine strategy that has considerable practical advantages for translation to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyp L Oxley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Brett M Hanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, AMITA Resurrection, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley N Zani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa Bishop, 2296 Carver Biomedical Research Bldg., 340 Newton Rd, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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19
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Luangrath MA, Schmidt ME, Hartwig SM, Varga SM. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in the Lungs Protect against Acute Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. Immunohorizons 2021; 5:59-69. [PMID: 33536235 PMCID: PMC8299542 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children. The T cell response plays a critical role in facilitating clearance of an acute RSV infection, and memory T cell responses are vital for protection against secondary RSV exposures. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) T cells have been identified as a subset of memory T cells that reside in nonlymphoid tissues and are critical for providing long-term immunity. There is currently limited information regarding the establishment and longevity of TRM T cell responses elicited following an acute RSV infection as well as their role in protection against repeated RSV infections. In this study, we examined the magnitude, phenotype, and protective capacity of TRM CD4 and CD8 T cells in the lungs of BALB/c mice following an acute RSV infection. TRM CD4 and CD8 T cells were established within the lungs and waned by 149 d following RSV infection. To determine the protective capacity of TRMs, FTY720 administration was used to prevent trafficking of peripheral memory T cells into the lungs prior to challenge of RSV-immune mice, with a recombinant influenza virus expressing either an RSV-derived CD4 or CD8 T cell epitope. We observed enhanced viral clearance in RSV-immune mice, suggesting that TRM CD8 T cells can contribute to protection against a secondary RSV infection. Given the protective capacity of TRMs, future RSV vaccine candidates should focus on the generation of these cell populations within the lung to induce effective immunity against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Luangrath
- Division of Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Megan E Schmidt
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Stacey M Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
| | - Steven M Varga
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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20
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Ana Y, Rojas Marquez JD, Fozzatti L, Baigorrí RE, Marin C, Maletto BA, Cerbán FM, Radi R, Piacenza L, Stempin CC. An exacerbated metabolism and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species contribute to mitochondrial alterations and apoptosis in CD4 T cells during the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:268-280. [PMID: 33359261 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite is an endemic infection in America. It is well known that T. cruzi causes a strong immunosuppression during the acute phase of infection. However, it is not clear whether T. cruzi infection is related to metabolic alterations in CD4 T cells that prevent downstream effector function. Here, we evaluated the CD4 T cell metabolic and mitochondrial profiles from non-infected (NI), acute phase (AP) and chronic phase (CP) T. cruzi infected mice. CD4 T cells from all groups showed increased glucose uptake after stimulation. Moreover, the bioenergetic analysis revealed a rise in glycolysis and a higher oxidative metabolism in CD4 T cells from the AP. These cells showed increased proton leak and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression that correlated with mitochondrial ROS (mROS) accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and expression of PD-1. In addition, CD4 T cells with mitochondrial alteration displayed an activated phenotype, and were less functional and more prone to apoptosis. In contrast, mitochondrial alterations were not observed during in vivo activation of CD4 T cells in a model of OVA-immunization. The Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression, which is involved in mROS detoxification, was increased during the AP and CP of infection. Remarkably, the apoptosis observed in CD4 T cells with MMP depolarization was prevented by incubation with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Thus, our results showed that infection triggered an exacerbated metabolism together with mROS production in CD4 T cells from the AP of infection. However, antioxidant availability may not be sufficient to avoid mitochondrial alterations rendering these cells more susceptible to apoptosis. Our investigation is the first to demonstrate an association between a disturbed metabolism and an impaired CD4 T cell response during T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ana
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J D Rojas Marquez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Fozzatti
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R E Baigorrí
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Marin
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - B A Maletto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F M Cerbán
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - R Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Piacenza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay; Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, 11800, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - C C Stempin
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
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21
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Jensen IJ, Jensen SN, Sjaastad FV, Gibson-Corley KN, Dileepan T, Griffith TS, Mangalam AK, Badovinac VP. Sepsis impedes EAE disease development and diminishes autoantigen-specific naive CD4 T cells. eLife 2020; 9:55800. [PMID: 33191915 PMCID: PMC7721438 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of sepsis-induced immunoparalysis has highlighted how decreased lymphocyte number/function contribute to worsened infection/cancer. Yet, an interesting contrast exists with autoimmune disease development, wherein diminishing pathogenic effectors may benefit the post-septic host. Within this framework, the impact of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was explored. Notably, CLP mice have delayed onset and reduced disease severity, relative to sham mice. Reduction in disease severity was associated with reduced number, but not function, of autoantigen (MOG)-specific pathogenic CD4 T cells in the CNS during disease and draining lymph node during priming. Numerical deficits of CD4 T cell effectors are associated with the loss of MOG-specific naive precursors. Critically, transfer of MOG-TCR transgenic (2D2) CD4 T cells after, but not before, CLP led to EAE disease equivalent to sham mice. Thus, broad impairment of antigenic responses, including autoantigens, is a hallmark of sepsis-induced immunoparalysis. Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that can happen when the immune system overreacts to an infection and begins to damage tissues and organs in the body. It causes an extreme immune reaction called a cytokine storm, where the body releases uncontrolled levels of cytokines, proteins that are involved in coordinating the body’s response to infections. This in turn activates more immune cells, resulting in hyperinflammation. People who survive sepsis may have long-lasing impairments in their immune system that may leave them more vulnerable to infections or cancer. But scientists do not know exactly what causes these lasting immune problems or how to treat them. The fact that people are susceptible to cancer and infection after sepsis may offer a clue. It may suggest that the immune system is not able to attack bacteria or cancer cells. One way to explore this clue would be to test the effects of sepsis on autoimmune diseases, which cause the immune system to attack the body’s own cells. For example, in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks and destroys cells in the nervous system. If autoimmune disease is reduced after sepsis, it would suggest the cell-destroying abilities of the immune system are lessened. Using this approach, Jensen, Jensen et al. show that sepsis reduces the number of certain immune cells, called CD4 T cells, which are are responsible for an autoimmune attack of the central nervous system. In the experiments, mice that survived sepsis were evaluated for their ability to develop a multiple sclerosis-like disease. Mice that survived sepsis developed less severe or no autoimmune disease. After sepsis, these animals also had fewer CD4 T cells. However, when these immune cells were reinstated, the autoimmune disease emerged. The experiments help explain some of the immune system changes that occur after sepsis. Jensen, Jensen et al. suggest that rather than being completely detrimental, these changes may help to block harmful autoimmune responses. The experiments may also hint at new ways to combat autoimmune diseases by trying to replicate some of the immune-suppressing effects of sepsis. Studying the effect of sepsis on other autoimmune diseases in mice might provide more clues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Samantha N Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Frances V Sjaastad
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, United States
| | - Thamothrampillai Dileepan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Thomas S Griffith
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Department of Urology, Center for Immunology, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Ashutosh K Mangalam
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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22
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Figueiredo CR, Kalirai H, Sacco JJ, Azevedo RA, Duckworth A, Slupsky JR, Coulson JM, Coupland SE. Loss of BAP1 expression is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment in uveal melanoma, with implications for immunotherapy development. J Pathol 2020; 250:420-439. [PMID: 31960425 PMCID: PMC7216965 DOI: 10.1002/path.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induces durable responses in many metastatic cancers. Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), typically occurring in the liver, is one of the most refractory tumours to ICIs and has dismal outcomes. Monosomy 3 (M3), polysomy 8q, and BAP1 loss in primary uveal melanoma (pUM) are associated with poor prognoses. The presence of tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within pUM and surrounding mUM – and some evidence of clinical responses to adoptive TIL transfer – strongly suggests that UMs are indeed immunogenic despite their low mutational burden. The mechanisms that suppress TILs in pUM and mUM are unknown. We show that BAP1 loss is correlated with upregulation of several genes associated with suppressive immune responses, some of which build an immune suppressive axis, including HLA‐DR, CD38, and CD74. Further, single‐cell analysis of pUM by mass cytometry confirmed the expression of these and other markers revealing important functions of infiltrating immune cells in UM, most being regulatory CD8+ T lymphocytes and tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs). Transcriptomic analysis of hepatic mUM revealed similar immune profiles to pUM with BAP1 loss, including the expression of IDO1. At the protein level, we observed TAMs and TILs entrapped within peritumoural fibrotic areas surrounding mUM, with increased expression of IDO1, PD‐L1, and β‐catenin (CTNNB1), suggesting tumour‐driven immune exclusion and hence the immunotherapy resistance. These findings aid the understanding of how the immune response is organised in BAP1− mUM, which will further enable functional validation of detected biomarkers and the development of focused immunotherapeutic approaches. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Figueiredo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of the Faculty of Medicine, MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Wirral, UK
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Duckworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITM, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Askarizadeh A, Badiee A, Khamesipour A. Development of nano-carriers for Leishmania vaccine delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:167-187. [PMID: 31914821 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1713746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical infection caused by several species of intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. It is strongly believed that the development of vaccines is the most appropriate approach to control leishmaniasis. However, there is no vaccine available yet and the lack of an appropriate adjuvant delivery system is the main reason.Areas covered: Adjuvants are the utmost important part of a vaccine, to induce the immune response in the right direction. Limitations and drawbacks of conventional adjuvants have been necessitated the development of novel particulate delivery systems as adjuvants to obtain desirable protection against infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis. This review focused on particulate adjuvants especially nanoparticles that are in use to develop vaccines against leishmaniasis. The list of adjuvants includes generally lipids-, polymers-, or mineral-based delivery systems that target antigens specifically to the site of action within the host's body and enhance immune responses.Expert opinion: Over the past few years, there has been an increasing interest in developing particulate adjuvants as alternatives to immunostimulatory types. The composition of nano-carriers and particularly the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles have great potential to overcome challenges posed to leishmaniasis vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Askarizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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24
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De Trez C, Stijlemans B, Bockstal V, Cnops J, Korf H, Van Snick J, Caljon G, Muraille E, Humphreys IR, Boon L, Van Ginderachter JA, Magez S. A Critical Blimp-1-Dependent IL-10 Regulatory Pathway in T Cells Protects From a Lethal Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Storm During Acute Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1085. [PMID: 32655552 PMCID: PMC7325990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many infectious diseases, the immune response operates as a double-edged sword. While required for protective immunity, infection-induced inflammation can be detrimental if it is not properly controlled, causing collateral body damage and potentially leading to death. It is in this context that the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is required to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune response that hallmarks trypanosomosis. Effective control of this infection requires not just the action of antibodies specific for the parasite's variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat antigens, but also a pro-inflammatory immune response mediated mainly by IFNγ, TNF, and NO. However, strict control of inflammation is mandatory, as IL-10-deficient mice succumb from an unrestrained cytokine storm within 10 days of a Trypanosome brucei infection. The relevant cellular source of IL-10 and the associated molecular mechanisms implicated in its trypanosomosis associated production are poorly understood. Using an IL-10 reporter mouse strain (Vert-X), we demonstrate here that NK cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells as well as B cells and plasma cells constitute potential cellular sources of IL-10 within the spleen and liver during acute infection. The IL-10 wave follows peak pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which accompanied the control of peak parasitemia. Similar results were observed following conventional experimental needle infection and physiological infections via T. brucei-infected tsetse flies. Our results show that conditional T cell-specific ablation of the IL-10 regulating Prdm1 gene (encoding for the Blimp-1 transcription factor), leads to an uncontrolled trypanosome-induced pro-inflammatory syndrome like the one observed in infected IL-10-deficient mice. This result indicates that the biological role of IL-10-derived from non-T cells, including NK cells, is of minor importance when considering host survival. The cytokine IL-27 that is also considered to be an IL-10 regulator, did not affect IL-10 production during infection. Together, these data suggest that T. brucei activates a Blimp-1-dependent IL-10 regulatory pathway in T cells that acts as a critical anti-inflammatory rheostat, mandatory for host survival during the acute phase of parasitemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Cnops
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Van Snick
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent University Global, Incheon, South Korea
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25
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Hornick EE, Zacharias ZR, Legge KL. Kinetics and Phenotype of the CD4 T Cell Response to Influenza Virus Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2351. [PMID: 31632414 PMCID: PMC6783515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections, with increased risk of severe illness and death in the very young, aged, and immunocompromised individuals. In both mice and humans, IAV-specific T cell responses are protective during primary as well as homologous and heterologous challenge infections. Many mouse studies have focused on CD4 T cells specific for a single, known model or IAV antigen. However, studies have demonstrated that the IAV-specific CD4 T cell response comprises many epitopes spread across multiple viral proteins. Therefore, herein we track the antigen-experienced CD4 T cell response using the surrogate markers CD49d and CD11a. This novel surrogate marker method allows us to characterize the full IAV-specific CD4 T cell response without the potential bias that could occur when examining an individual Ag-specificity. Our findings demonstrate that the immunodominant I-Ab-binding NP311−325 epitope often used in studies of IAV-specific CD4 T cells represents only about 5% of the total IAV-specific CD4 T cell response. Further, we find that the kinetics of the full pulmonary CD4 T cell response is similar to that of NP311-specific T cells and that the full CD4 T cell response in the lungs is predominantly composed of cells expressing the Th1 transcription factor T-bet, with smaller but significant portions of the response expressing the Treg and Tfh associated transcription factors Foxp3 and Bcl-6, respectively. Interestingly, although Th1 cells are the most abundant Th subset in the lungs of both BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice following IAV, the relative abundance of Treg and Tfh is reversed in the different mouse strains. In BALB/c mice, Foxp3+ cells are more abundant than Bcl6+ cells, whereas in C57Bl/6 mice, there are more Bcl6+ cells. As a whole, these data highlight the diversity of the endogenous CD4 T cell response to a primary IAV infection, providing an important context for past and future studies of the IAV-specific CD4 T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Hornick
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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26
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Moafi M, Rezvan H, Sherkat R, Taleban R. Leishmania Vaccines Entered in Clinical Trials: A Review of Literature. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:95. [PMID: 31360342 PMCID: PMC6592111 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_116_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is considered as a zoonotic infection and neglected tropical disease. Leishmania treatment is not totally successful and imposes high expenditures, especially in developing countries. Since the natural infection leads to the robust immunity in most of the human cases, many bodies of research have been focusing on Leishmania vaccines, being capable to control Leishmania infection. First generation vaccines (such as Leishmune® and CaniLeish®) have proved robust protective immunity in dogs. In human, recombinant vaccines, including Leish-F1 could confer some degrees of protective immunity against natural infection. Recently, ChAd63-KH DNA vaccine has been accomplished in providing prevention against Leishmania infection; however, this vaccine should be further evaluated in other clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moafi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezvan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Taleban
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ito H, Kanbe A, Hara A, Ishikawa T. Induction of humoral and cellular immune response to HBV vaccine can be up-regulated by STING ligand. Virology 2019; 531:233-239. [PMID: 30928701 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by a lack of or a weak immune response to HBV. Efficient induction of the HBV-specific immune response leads to the clearance of HBV. Stimulator of interferon (IFN) genes (STING) is a cytoplasmic sensor of intracellular DNA from microbes and host cells. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) that is a ligand of the STING pathway as an HBV vaccine adjuvant. Wild-type (WT) mice and HBV-transgenic (HBV-Tg) mice were immunized with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and cGAMP. The vaccination with HBsAg and cGAMP significantly enhanced the humoral and cellular immune response to HBsAg in WT and HBV-Tg mice. Cytokine production related to Th1 and Th2 responses and the activation of antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues were induced by cGAMP. Vaccination using cGAMP may overcome tolerance in patients with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Ayumu Kanbe
- Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishikawa
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, 1-20 Daikominami-1-chome, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 461-8673, Japan
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Parsonidis P, Ntanovasilis DA, Papasotiriou I. MUC1 Antigen-Specific CD8 T Lymphocytes Targeting MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/jct.2019.107041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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