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Characterization of a Highly Virulent Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2b Isolate Detected in Cattle in Inner Mongolia, China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3821435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection causes subclinical to severe acute disease in cattle all over the world. Two genotypes of BVDV are recognized, BVDV1 and BVDV2. Currently, the subtypes of BVDV1b and BVDV2a are mainly circulating in China. Here, a newly noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV strain named BVDVNM21 was isolated and identified from cattle. We determined the complete genome sequence of BVDVNM21, phylogenetic analysis of 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR), Npro, and E2 gene, and complete genome showed the virus belongs to BVDV2b subtype and formed an independent clade within BVDV2b. Genome-wide sequence analysis showed that BVDVNM21 had high homology with SD1301 (98.10%) isolated from China. In the experimental infection study of guinea pigs and calves, they all developed similar clinical signs, including a pronounced and prolonged febrile response lasting more than 3 days and pronounced reduction in white blood cells (WBC) and platelets of more than 40%. Moreover, guinea pigs showed more acute infection characteristics after infection, and WBC decreased by more than 50% at 1 day postinfection (dpi), and they recovered in less than 3 days. The results indicated that the BVDVNM21 strain showed high virulence in calves. It was the first confirmed isolation of a highly pathogenic ncpBVDV2b in cattle, as well as the establishment of the BVDV-guinea pig model. This study may provide a basis for further research and control of the prevalence of BVDV2b in China.
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2
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Wang H, Wang M, Feng X, Li Y, Zhang D, Cheng Y, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang L, La H, You X, Ma Z, Zhou J. Genetic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus subgenotype 1c in newborn calves at nucleotide and synonymous codon usages. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:984962. [PMID: 36118339 PMCID: PMC9470862 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.984962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), serving as an important pathogen for newborn calves, poses threat to reproductive and economic losses in the cattle industry. To survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of BVDV in newborn calves in northern China, a total of 676 sera samples of newborn calves were collected from four provinces between 2021 and 2022. All sera samples were individually detected for BVDV infection by RT-PCR and ELISA. Our results showed that the overall serological rate was 9.76% (66/676) and the average positive rate of BVDV RNA was 8.14% (55/676) in the newborn calves. Eight BVDV strains were successfully isolated from RT-PCR positive sera samples, and four isolates displayed the cytopathic effect (CPE). Based on phylogenetic tree at the genome level, the eight strains were classified into subgenotype 1c. Moreover, the BVDV isolates had a close genetic relationship with the GSTZ strain at either nucleotide or codon usage level. Interestingly, in comparison of synonymous codon usage patterns between the BVDV isolates with CPE and ones without CPE, there were four synonymous codons (UCG, CCC, GCA, and AAC) which displayed the significant differences (p < 0.05) at codon usage pattern, suggesting that synonymous codon usage bias might play a role in BVDV-1c biotypes. In addition, the usage of synonymous codons containing CpG dinucleotides was suppressed by the BVDV-1c isolates, reflecting one of strategies of immune evasion of BVDV to its host. Taken together, our study provided data for monitoring and vaccination strategies of BVDV for newborn calves in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yicong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Derong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiezhong Wang
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Hua La
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoqian You
- Qinghai Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, China
| | - Zhongren Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Zhou
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King J, Pohlmann A, Dziadek K, Beer M, Wernike K. Cattle connection: molecular epidemiology of BVDV outbreaks via rapid nanopore whole-genome sequencing of clinical samples. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:242. [PMID: 34247601 PMCID: PMC8272987 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02945-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a global ruminant pathogen, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for the disease Bovine Viral Diarrhea with a variety of clinical presentations and severe economic losses worldwide. Classified within the Pestivirus genus, the species Pestivirus A and B (syn. BVDV-1, BVDV-2) are genetically differentiated into 21 BVDV-1 and four BVDV-2 subtypes. Commonly, the 5' untranslated region and the Npro protein are utilized for subtyping. However, the genetic variability of BVDV leads to limitations in former studies analyzing genome fragments in comparison to a full-genome evaluation. RESULTS To enable rapid and accessible whole-genome sequencing of both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 strains, nanopore sequencing of twelve representative BVDV samples was performed on amplicons derived through a tiling PCR procedure. Covering a multitude of subtypes (1b, 1d, 1f, 2a, 2c), sample matrices (plasma, EDTA blood and ear notch), viral loads (Cq-values 19-32) and species (cattle and sheep), ten of the twelve samples produced whole genomes, with two low titre samples presenting 96 % genome coverage. CONCLUSIONS Further phylogenetic analysis of the novel sequences emphasizes the necessity of whole-genome sequencing to identify novel strains and supplement lacking sequence information in public repositories. The proposed amplicon-based sequencing protocol allows rapid, inexpensive and accessible obtainment of complete BVDV genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline King
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anne Pohlmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kamila Dziadek
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany.
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Liu Q, Liu L, Meng YK, Wang C, Gao Y, Zheng FG, Ma HL. Serological evidence of bovine viral diarrhea virus and peste des petits ruminants virus infection in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Shanxi Province, northern China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:299. [PMID: 33939008 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) are two important pathogens associated with a variety of disease syndromes that result in substantial financial losses in animal husbandry. This study was performed to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to BVDV and PPRV among alpacas raised in Shanxi Province of northern China. Serum samples were obtained from 246 alpacas in Taiyuan (n=182), Xinzhou (n=31), and Jinzhong cities (n=33) of Shanxi Province, and serological testing was carried out using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall seroprevalence to BVDV was 3.25% (95% CI 1.03-5.47), and seropositive alpacas were found only in Taiyuan City. The overall PPRV seroprevalence in alpacas was 28.86% (95% CI 23.20-34.52). While no PPRV-seropositive alpacas were found in Xinzhou City, the seroprevalence of PPRV was 90.91% (95% CI 81.10-100.72) in Jinzhong City and 22.53% (95% CI 16.46-28.60) in Taiyuan City, respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference. To our knowledge, the present work is the first report on seroprevalence of BVDV and PPRV in alpacas in China, which provides baseline information for the control of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Kai Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Guo Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Li Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
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Chang L, Qi Y, Liu D, Du Q, Zhao X, Tong D. Molecular detection and genotyping of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Western China. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:66. [PMID: 33531007 PMCID: PMC7853163 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important global viral pathogen of cattle and other ruminants. To survey the infection rate and genetic diversity of BVDV in western China, a total of 1234 serum samples from 17 herds of dairy cattle, beef cattle and yak in 4 provinces were collected in 2019. RESULTS All the 1234 serum samples were screened individually for BVDV by RT-PCR. Our results demonstrated that the average positive rate of BVDV was 7.2% (89/1234) in animals and 82.4% (14/17) in herds. Thirteen BVDV strains were isolated from RT-PCR positive clinical samples and they were all NCP biotype. BVDV-1a and 1c subgenotypes were identified from 22 selected virus isolates in 14 BVDV-positive herds. These results confirmed that BVDV-1a and BVDV-1c were circulating in western China, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. CONCLUSIONS This study provides data for monitoring and vaccination strategies of BVDV in western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanping Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 4 from cattle in mainland China. Arch Virol 2021; 166:619-626. [PMID: 33410994 PMCID: PMC7788162 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) is one of the most important of the known viral respiratory and reproductive pathogens of both young and adult cattle. However, BoHV-4 has not been isolated or detected in mainland China prior to this study. In 2019, BoHV-4 strain 512 was isolated from cattle in Heilongjiang Province, China, using MDBK cells, and characterized by PCR, nucleotide sequence analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. Two other unknown herpesvirus strains, BL6010 and J4034, which were isolated from cattle in 2009 in China and stored at -70℃, were also propagated in MDBK cells and identified as BoHV-4 by PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide sequences of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene and glycoprotein B (gB) gene for the three isolates indicated that these three Chinese strains belong to BoHV-4 genotype 1. A preliminary virus neutralization test revealed that 64% of the 70 bovine sera (45/70) collected from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, had anti-BoHV-4 antibodies and that natural BoHV-4 infection occurred in cattle in China. Here, we report for the first time the isolation and molecular characterization of BoHV-4 from cattle in mainland China.
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Guo T, Zhang J, Chen X, Wei X, Wu C, Cui Q, Hao Y. Investigation of viral pathogens in cattle with bovine respiratory disease complex in Inner Mongolia, China. Microb Pathog 2020; 153:104594. [PMID: 33157218 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a multifactor disease, the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) causes high morbidity and mortality that is devastating to the cattle industry. To assess viral infections in beef cattle suffering from respiratory diseases in Inner Mongolia, 302 nasal swabs and serum samples were randomly collected from cattle with mild respiratory symptoms between March 2018 and May 2019. Our results showed that the rate of RT-PCR results positive for nucleic acids of viral pathogens in 6 cities was between 54 and 80%.The rates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus(BRSV)infections were 44.70% (135/302), 24.83% (75/302), 5.63% (17/302), and 6.95% (21/302),respectively. There are also 8.94% (27/302) of samples were positive for BVDV and BHV-1, and 3.97% (12/302) of samples were positive for BPIV3 and BRSV. In addition, the RT-PCR products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences was performed. The results indicated that: a) all of the BVDV isolates were BVDV-1 and were classified as BVDV-1a (66.67%) and BVDV-1b (33.33%); b) all of the BHV-1 isolates were classified as subtype 1.1; 44.44% of the isolates were closely related to modified live viral vaccine strains, and 55.56% of the isolates were closer to epidemic strains; c) all of the BPIV3 isolates belonged to BPIV3c; d) all of the BRSV isolates were classified into subgroup III. It is suggested that an important cause of respiratory diseases for beef cattle is viral infection, and phylogenetic analysis can help us choose the proper strain to develop a vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xindi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongqing Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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Chen C, Liu Y, Huang H, Meng Q, Xia M, Wu H. Evaluation of protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 after vaccination of the calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 combo inactivated vaccine. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Five 3-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the combo vaccine and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. Twenty-one days after the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with BVDV-2 SX08 strain by spray into nostril. The unvaccinated animals developed typical clinical signs of high rectal temperature, diarrhoea with erosions and a dramatic drop in leukocyte counts. These signs occured markedly less in all vaccinated animals, the rectal temperature, leukopenia and virarmia of which, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves. It can be concluded that vaccination with the combo inactivated vaccine affords cross-protection against clinical effects of a challenge-infection with BVDV-2 SX08 strain, although it was part protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chen
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - H. Huang
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Q. Meng
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - M. Xia
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - H. Wu
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
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Shi H, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Hu Y, Wang Z, Duan L, Leng C, Yan B, Yao L. Genetic Diversity of Bovine Pestiviruses Detected in Backyard Cattle Farms Between 2014 and 2019 in Henan Province, China. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:197. [PMID: 32363203 PMCID: PMC7181229 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine pestiviruses include Pestivirus A (BVDV-1), Pestivirus B (BVDV-2), and Pestivirus H, which was originally called HoBi-like pestivirus. We conducted an epidemiological investigation for pestiviruses circulating in backyard cattle farms in central China. RT-PCR assays and sequences analysis were conducted on 54 nasal swabs, 26 serum samples, and three lung samples from cattle with respiratory infections and identified 29 pestivirus strains, including 24 Pestivirus A and five Pestivirus H strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 5'-UTR and Npro sequences showed that the genotypes of 24 Pestivirus A strains included Pestivirus A 1b (six isolates), Pestivirus A 1m (six isolates), Pestivirus A 1q (two isolates), Pestivirus A 1u (one isolates), and Pestivirus A 1o (nine isolates, a putative new sub-genotype). In addition, a single Pestivirus H agenotype included all five Pestivirus H strains. This study revealed extensive genetic variations within bovine pestivirus isolates derived from cattle in backyard farms in Central China, and this epidemiological information improves our understanding of the epidemics of bovine Pestiviruses, as well as will be useful in designing and evaluating diagnostic methods and developing more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Shi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Yun Hu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Zhicheng Wang
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Lisha Duan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Chaoliang Leng
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, China-UK-NYNU-RRes Joint Libratory of Insect Biology, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
| | - Baolong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincal Engineering and Technology Center of Health Products for Livestock and Poultry, Key Laboratory of Ecological Security and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China
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Giangaspero M, Zhang SQ. Genomic characteristics of classical swine fever virus strains of bovine origin according to primary and secondary sequence-structure analysis. Open Vet J 2020; 10:94-115. [PMID: 32426263 PMCID: PMC7193884 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v10i1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), species member of the family Flaviviridae, is generally considered restricted to domestic and wild suids. The circulation of CFSV has been detected in cattle herds in China and India. Natural infection appeared associated with clinical signs in some cases. Aim: The secondary structures of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) were used for the genomic characterization of bovine strains. Methods: Sequences have been compared to the representative CSFV strains isolated from pigs, vaccines, and contaminants from porcine cell lines and an ovine strain isolated in Spain. Results: The observed sequences from cattle showed a genetic relatedness with live-attenuated vaccine strains used in pigs. Sequence characteristics of the Chinese strain S171 are genetically distant from the previously reported CSFV genotypes, suggesting a new outgroup in the species, described for the first time, and named CSFV-d. Other Chinese strains were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a2 (Alfort type) pig strains. Indian strains, reported from the states of Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya, were genetically closely related to CSFV genotype a1 (Brescia type) and a5 pig strains, respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary observations are new and relevant in countries, where CSFV control and eradication strategies are applied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, No 4899 Juye Street, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Deng M, Chen N, Guidarini C, Xu Z, Zhang J, Cai L, Yuan S, Sun Y, Metcalfe L. Prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy herds of China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 242:108565. [PMID: 32122580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To determine the nationwide prevalence and genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in China, 92 dairy farms with more than 500 animals in 19 provinces of China were surveyed in 2017. At each farm, ear notch samples from calves less than six months old and bulk tank milk (BTM) samples were collected. A total of 901 ear notch samples and 329 BTM samples from 183 tanks were sampled. A total of 20 (20/901, 2.22 %) ear notch samples from 10 (10/92, 10.86 %) farms tested positive for BVDV by IDEXX Antigen Point-of-Care (POC) Test kit and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In addition, 80 of 183 (80/183, 43.7 %) BTM samples from 43 (43/92, 46.7 %) farms were identified as positive by qRT-PCR. The RNA of positive and suspect samples identified by qRT-PCR was subjected to 5'- untranslated region (UTR) amplification by nested RT-PCR and then sequenced. A total of 119 sequences were obtained and phylogenetic analysis of these 5'-UTR sequences revealed the presence of eight different subgenotypes of BVDV-1 including 1a (n = 37, 31.09 %), 1b (n = 5, 4.20 %), 1c (n = 34, 28.57 %), 1d (n = 2, 1.68 %), 1m (n = 25, 21.01 %), 1q (n = 6, 5.04 %), and two unknown subgenotypes which were tentatively typed as "BVDV-1v" (n = 8, 6.72 %) and "BVDV-1w" (n = 2, 1.68 %), respectively. BVDV-1a, 1c, and 1m were the dominant strains, collectively accounting for 80.67 % (96/119) of all sequences. Phylogenetic analysis based on selected N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) sequences confirmed the classification of the 5'-UTR sequences. In conclusion, the prevalence of BVDV persistent infection in dairy cattle was high and genetic diversity was high and increasing, revealing a serious threat to the health of cattle in China and highlighting the need for BVDV control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Deng
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Christian Guidarini
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Zhihua Xu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Lingjie Cai
- Boehringer Ingelheim Int'l Trading (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200040 China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lucy Metcalfe
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Binger Straße 173, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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12
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Giangaspero M, Decaro N, Turno P, Apicella C, Gargano P, Buonavoglia C. Pathogen spread and globalization: The case of Pestivirus heterogeneity in southern Italy. Res Vet Sci 2019; 125:100-112. [PMID: 31177022 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pestiviruses are responsible for widespread diseases affecting cattle, pigs and other ruminants, presenting a wide range of clinical manifestations, with significant impact on animal production. Given the recent various reports of a relatively high number of new strains and atypical genomic variants, in the present study, ninety-seven genomic sequences from southern Italy have been evaluated applying the palindromic nucleotide substitutions method, based on 5'-UTR secondary structure alignment and computing genetic distance among strains in the internal ribosome entry site. Sequence analysis revealed a highly heterogeneous virus population, indicating the introduction of virus variants of Bovine viral diarrhea virus and Border disease virus species from foreign countries. The application of different analytical procedures was useful to avoid interpretation difficulties. Circulation of heterogeneous virus populations showed the need for more accurate epidemiological investigations and stringent veterinary controls to protect animal health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Turno
- Directorate General of Veterinary Public Health, Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Apicella
- Directorate General of Veterinary Public Health, Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Gargano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro, Italy
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13
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Ran X, Chen X, Ma L, Wen X, Zhai J, Wang M, Tong X, Hou G, Ni H. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in dairy cattle in China. Acta Trop 2019; 190:296-303. [PMID: 30165071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection causes significantly economic losses to cattle industry worldwide, also including China. The epidemiological prevalence of infection associated with BVDV in dairy cattle has not been systematically assessed in China. Therefore, we undertook this study to evaluate prevalent of BVDV infection. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from papers on the BVDV incidence and prevalence in dairy cattle in China by searching China Science and Technology Journal Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database and PubMed for publication from March 2003 to March 2018. The 41 studies reporting the prevalence of BVDV in cattle in China were selected upon our inclusion criterion. The pooled BVDV prevalence in dairy cattle in China was estimated to 53.0% (95% CI 40.2-65.7) based on the data obtained from the 27,530 cows tested using serological or virological assay in the qualified papers published during the periods (χ² = 51,861.0, I2 = 99.9%). The highest BVDV positive rate in dairy flocks reached 90.0% in Fujian province of China, followed by Shaanxi (88.9%) and Shandong (83.3%). The prevalence in the six administrative districts of China was validated to be highly variable (25.7%-72.2%) and reached 72.2% in dairy cattle flocks of Northern China. Besides, the BVDV-RNA positive rate was estimated 27.1% (95% CI 17.3-37.0) based on 6 studies, comparatively, the pooled BVDV seroprevalence based on 35 studies was about 57.0% (95% CI 44.4-69.5) in China. This systematic review and meta-analysis firstly established an estimated prevalence of BVDV in dairy herds in China, indicating that the BVDV infection is escalating, though there is a bias in the number of studies between 2003-2009 and 2010-2018 timescales. This study may help understand the status of BVDV infection in dairy herds in China. Further extensive and comprehensive investigation is recommended, and effective intervention measures for preventing and controlling BVDV spread in dairy herds should be deployed, especially herds that have been exposed to BVDV.
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14
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Giangaspero M, Zhang SQ, Apicella C. Heterogeneity of <i>Pestivirus</i> Species in Asia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2019.93019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Hou P, Zhao G, Wang H, He H. Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus in dairy cattle herds in eastern China. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:791-798. [PMID: 30456692 PMCID: PMC7089171 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a worldwide spreading pestivirus affecting cattle and other ruminants; however, there have been few reports on epidemiologic investigation of BVDV in eastern China. In this study, bulk tank milk from 36 herds of dairy cattle in eastern China was submitted to serological investigations, 77.8% of herds was BVDV antibody positive. Individual animal status in two herds was further investigated collecting blood samples, the positive ratio was 49.74% and 24.64%, and the average positive ratio of calves, heifers, and lactating cows was 15.94%, 40.16%, and 41.7%, respectively. Moreover, clinical survey was carried out among 8170 dairy cattle from 36 herds, for diarrhea syndrome, respiratory problems and reproductive failure, and pathogens of all clinical cattle were further investigated. The results showed that BVDV was one of the main pathogen, which infected animals combining with various other viruses. Then, nine BVDV strains were isolated; phylogenetic analysis showed that BVDV subtypes currently circulating in eastern China were BVDV 1a and BVDV 1c. In addition, out of 377 cows tested, the 1.86% detected positive to the BVDV antigen. This study provided the foundation of further study on vaccination and control strategies of BVDV in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Hou
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guimin Zhao
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hongbin He
- Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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16
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Genetic Diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infection in Goats in Southwestern China. J Vet Med 2018; 2018:8274397. [PMID: 30581873 PMCID: PMC6276411 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8274397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) affects cows, pigs, sheep, goats, and other ruminants, as well as some wild animals. BVDV causes considerable economic losses every year and many countries have developed programs aimed at the eradication of this disease. The genetic diversity of BVDV in diseased goats has never been described in southwestern China. Thus, in this study, we applied antigen-capture ELISA and RT-PCR to survey the infection rate of BVDV in diseased goats in this region. Our results demonstrated that the average BVDV infection rate in goats was 17.51%, with all positive samples indicating infection by BVDV-1 and not BVDV-2, BVDV-3, or Border disease virus. The molecular characteristics of the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of BVDV-1 were recognized as belonging predominantly to the BVDV-1a, 1b, 1c, 1m, and 1p subtypes. BVDV-1b and 1m were the most abundant subtypes identified in this region, similar to the BVDV epidemics in cattle in other regions of China. This is the first study that describes the genetic characterization of BVDV in sick goats from southwestern China and is important for future studies and control programs.
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17
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Donoso A, Inostroza F, Celedón M, Pizarro-Lucero J. Genetic diversity of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from cattle in Chile between 2003 and 2007. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:314. [PMID: 30340596 PMCID: PMC6194550 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus causes significant economic losses in cattle. BVDV has high genomic diversity, with two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, and at least twenty-one subgenotypes for BVDV-1 and four subgenotypes for BVDV-2. Vaccines are important tools to reduce the economic losses caused by this virus. However, vaccine strains must correspond to the antigenic profile of the viruses present in the region where the vaccine is applied. A restricted phylogenetic study with 14 viruses isolated from cattle between 1993 and 2001 showed that the genetic profile of BVDV in Chile consisted of viruses of both species and sub-genotypes 1a, 1b, 1c (currently 1j) and 2a. To determine more accurately the genetic profile of BVDV in Chile, in this study a larger number of viruses obtained from bovines between 2003 and 2007 were typed. RESULTS The study was performed using partial sequences from the 5' noncoding region (5'UTR) and E2 coding region of the viral genome of thirty-five Chilean viruses isolated from geographic regions that have 84.6% of the Chilean cattle. All tested viruses belonged to species BVDV-1. Eighteen viruses belonged to BVDV-1j subgenotype (51.4%), twelve belonged to BVDV-1b (34.3%) and five belonged to BVDV-1a (14.3%). The Chilean BVDV-1j viruses showed low genetic diversity, both among themselves and with the BVDV-1j present in other regions of the world. This could be explained by a relatively recent introduction of this viral subgenotype in cattle, which agrees with its low geographical distribution worldwide. Otherwise, Chilean BVDV-1b viruses grouped into a single cluster, different even than the viruses present in Argentina and Brazil, countries geographically close to Chile, a process of local evolution that could generate antigenic differences between the Chilean viruses and the viruses used as vaccine strains. CONCLUSIONS The high presence of viruses of the BVDV-1j subgenotype, which show major antigenic differences with BVDV-1a and BVDV-1b subgenotypes used in the commercial vaccines, suggest that BVDV-1j viruses could be an emergent subgenotype of BVDV in cattle in South America and suggest evaluating an update of the vaccines used in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Donoso
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Inostroza
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Celedón
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pizarro-Lucero
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Animal Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Livestock and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, 11735, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Who's who in the Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species: Genotypes L and R. Virus Res 2018; 256:50-75. [PMID: 30056173 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species is responsible for cosmopolitan diseases affecting cattle and other ruminants, with relevant impact on animal production. The species presents high genomic heterogeneity, with implications on control and prophylactic programs. Genomic traits of different genetic groups are often related to geographic origin. Atypical sequences have been reported from Pestivirus isolates originated from cattle in Turkey. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 5' untranslated region and Npro and secondary structure analysis of the 5'-UTR RNA, Turkish isolates have been segregated in two distinct genotypes. Out of the twenty-three identified BVDV-1 genotypes, the Turkish clusters, named L and R or 1.16 and 1.14, according to palindromic nucleotide substitution genotyping method, represent genomic clusters so far, not described elsewhere, suggesting geographic segregation. In order to avoid confusion in the current taxonomy of the species, nomenclature of described homonymous genotypes, referred to different genomic clusters, should be corrected.
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19
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Giangaspero M, Apicella C. Bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 current taxonomy according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions method. J Virol Methods 2018; 256:37-76. [PMID: 29462648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 species is responsible for cosmopolitan diseases affecting cattle and other ruminants, presenting a wide range of clinical manifestations, with relevant impact on zootechnic production. Understanding genomic characteristic and virus taxonomy is fundamental in order to sustain control and prophylactic programs. Given the recent various studies reporting a relatively high number of new strains, in particular from Asian countries, in the present study, four hundred-eighty-two genomic sequences have been evaluated applying the palindromic nucleotide substitutions method for genotyping. Based on the secondary structure alignment and computing genetic distance among strains in the 5' untranslated region of Pestivirus RNA, the current taxonomy of the species was reviewed. Twenty-two genotypes have been identified, applying a nomenclature based on divergence in the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Apicella
- Directorate General of Veterinary Public Health, Food and Nutrition, Ministry of Health, Italy
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20
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Characterization of Two Bovine viral diarrhea virus Strains Originating from Cattle in Tibet, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/42/e01087-17. [PMID: 29051245 PMCID: PMC5646398 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01087-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report two strains of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), named XZ01 and XZ02, that were isolated from cattle in Tibet, China. They belong to subgenotype 1b. This report will help in understanding the molecular characteristics of BVDV in Tibetan cattle.
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21
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Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Becher P. Variability and Global Distribution of Subgenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Viruses 2017; 9:v9060128. [PMID: 28587150 PMCID: PMC5490805 DOI: 10.3390/v9060128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a globally-distributed agent responsible for numerous clinical syndromes that lead to major economic losses. Two species, BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, discriminated on the basis of genetic and antigenic differences, are classified in the genus Pestivirus within the Flaviviridae family and distributed on all of the continents. BVDV-1 can be segregated into at least twenty-one subgenotypes (1a–1u), while four subgenotypes have been described for BVDV-2 (2a–2d). With respect to published sequences, the number of virus isolates described for BVDV-1 (88.2%) is considerably higher than for BVDV-2 (11.8%). The most frequently-reported BVDV-1 subgenotype are 1b, followed by 1a and 1c. The highest number of various BVDV subgenotypes has been documented in European countries, indicating greater genetic diversity of the virus on this continent. Current segregation of BVDV field isolates and the designation of subgenotypes are not harmonized. While the species BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 can be clearly differentiated independently from the portion of the genome being compared, analysis of different genomic regions can result in inconsistent assignment of some BVDV isolates to defined subgenotypes. To avoid non-conformities the authors recommend the development of a harmonized system for subdivision of BVDV isolates into defined subgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, TR-16059 Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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22
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Complete Genome Sequence of a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Subgenotype 1h Strain Isolated in Italy. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:5/8/e01697-16. [PMID: 28232427 PMCID: PMC5323638 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01697-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We sequenced the complete genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain UM/126/07. It belongs to subgenotype 1h. The complete genome is composed of 12,196 nucleotides organized as one open reading frame encoding 3,898 amino acids. This is the first report of a full-length sequence of BVDV-1h.
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23
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Genome Sequence of a Subgenotype 1a Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01280-16. [PMID: 27834720 PMCID: PMC5105113 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01280-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), GS5, of the BVDV-1a subgenotype was isolated from dairy cattle in Gansu Province, northwest China. Its near-full-length genome was determined to be closely related to an early Belgian BVDV-1a strain, WAX-N, but the relatedness to domestic strains is relatively low, indicating that different genetic evolution occurred between the viral strains in cattle in China.
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24
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O'Brien E, Garvey M, Walsh C, Arkins S, Cullinane A. Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle on Irish farms. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:14-20. [PMID: 28266314 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to carry out a phylogenetic study of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) circulating in Irish cattle herds from 2011 to 2014. Three hundred and twenty five viruses from 267 herds were subtyped by nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5'UTR and/or the Npro regions. All viruses investigated in this study belonged to species BVDV-1 with BVDV-1a as the prominent subtype (97%). Subtypes BVDV-1b, BVDV-1d and BVDV-1e were also identified for the first time in Ireland. Pairwise alignments of 225 viruses with complete sequences for the 5'UTR and the Npro regions were performed to determine a low conflict threshold for virus strain demarcation. One hundred and seventy seven unique virus strains were identified. The study revealed significant levels of herd specific clustering of strains but no geographical or temporal clustering. Similar virus strains were identified in different counties, provinces and years indicating the potential to investigate the epidemiology of the disease by combining sequence analysis with animal movement data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin O'Brien
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Marie Garvey
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Cathal Walsh
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sean Arkins
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann Cullinane
- Virology Unit, The Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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25
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Zhu L, Lu H, Cao Y, Gai X, Guo C, Liu Y, Liu J, Wang X. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Isolate SD-15. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165044. [PMID: 27764206 PMCID: PMC5072660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the major pathogens, bovine viral diarrhea virus caused a significant economic loss to the livestock industry worldwide. Although BVDV infections have increasingly been reported in China in recent years, the molecular aspects of those BVDV strains were barely characterized. In this study, we reported the identification and characterization of a novel BVDV isolate designated as SD-15 from cattle, which is associated with an outbreak characterized by severe hemorrhagic and mucous diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality in Shandong, China. SD-15 was revealed to be a noncytopathic BVDV, and has a complete genomic sequence of 12,285 nucleotides that contains a large open reading frame encoding 3900 amino acids. Alignment analysis showed that SD-15 has 93.8% nucleotide sequence identity with BVDV ZM-95 isolate, a previous BVDV strain isolated from pigs manifesting clinical signs and lesions resembling to classical swine fever. Phylogenetic analysis clustered SD-15 to a BVDV-1m subgenotype. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of glycoproteins revealed that E2 has several highly conserved and variable regions within BVDV-1 genotypes. An additional N-glycosylation site (240NTT) was revealed exclusively in SD-15-encoded E2 in addition to four potential glycosylation sites (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) shared by all BVDV-1 genotypes. Furthermore, unique amino acid and linear epitope mutations were revealed in SD-15-encoded Erns glycoprotein compared with known BVDV-1 genotype. In conclusion, we have isolated a noncytopathic BVDV-1m strain that is associated with a disease characterized by high morbidity and mortality, revealed the complete genome sequence of the first BVDV-1m virus originated from cattle, and found a unique glycosylation site in E2 and a linear epitope mutation in Erns encoded by SD-15 strain. Those results will broaden the current understanding of BVDV infection and lay a basis for future investigation on SD-15-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisai Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Haibing Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Yufeng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Xiaochun Gai
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Changming Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
| | - Yajing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- Guangdong Haid Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Guangzhou, China 511400
| | - Xinping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine at Jilin University, Changchun, China 130062
- Key laboratory for Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, and Institute for Zoonosis of Jilin University, Changchun, China, 130062
- * E-mail: ,
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Weng XG, Song QJ, Wu Q, Liu MC, Wang ML, Wang JF. Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus strains in Beijing, China and innate immune responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in persistently infected dairy cattle. J Vet Sci 2016; 16:491-500. [PMID: 26119170 PMCID: PMC4701742 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2015.16.4.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To acquire epidemiological data on the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with this virus, 4,327 samples from Holstein dairy cows were screened over a four-year period in Beijing, China. Eighteen BVD viruses were isolated, 12 from PI cattle. Based on genetic analysis of their 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR), the 18 isolates were assigned to subgenotype BVDV-1m, 1a, 1d, 1q, and 1b. To investigate the innate immune responses in the peripheral-blood mononuclear cells of PI cattle, the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors, interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-β, myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1), and interferon stimulatory gene 15 (ISG15) was assessed by qPCR. When compared with healthy cattle, the expression of TLR-7, IFN-α, and IFN-β mRNA was downregulated, but the expression of MX1 and ISG-15 mRNA was upregulated in PI cattle. Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and IRF-7 was lower in PI cattle than in healthy cattle. Thus, BVDV-1m and 1a are the predominant subgenotypes in the Beijing region, and the strains are highly divergent. Our findings also suggest that the TLR-7/IRF-7 signaling pathway plays a role in evasion of host restriction by BVDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gang Weng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Quan Jiang Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ming Chao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meng Ling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiu Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Cai D, Song Q, Wang J, Zhu Y. Genomic characterization of three bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates from cattle. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3589-3592. [PMID: 27613287 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were isolated from cattle in Beijing, China. To investigate their genomic features, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of each of the isolates. Each of the three virus genomes is about 12,220 bp in length, containing a 5' untranslated region (UTR), one open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 3897-amino-acid polypeptide, and a 3' UTR. The nucleotide sequence of the three isolates were 99.0 % identical to each and other shared nucleotide sequence identities of 73.4 % to 98.3 % with other BVDV-1 strains, about 70.0 % with BVDV-2 strains, about 67.0 % with BVDV-3, and less than 67.0 % with other pestiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the full-length genome, 3' UTR, and the Npro gene demonstrated that the three viruses were BVDV-1 isolates. This is the first report of complete genome sequences of BVDV 1d isolates from China and might have implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Cai
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan Xi Lu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Quanjiang Song
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan Xi Lu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan Xi Lu, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuan Ming Yuan Xi Lu, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Mao L, Li W, Yang L, Wang J, Cheng S, Wei Y, Wang Q, Zhang W, Hao F, Ding Y, Sun Y, Jiang J. Primary surveys on molecular epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 infecting goats in Jiangsu province, China. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:181. [PMID: 27596263 PMCID: PMC5011786 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of domestic and wildlife animals worldwide and is associated with several diseases. In China, there are many reports about genotyping of BVDV strains originated from cattle and pigs, and some of them focused on the geographical distributions of BVDV. Currently, the goat industry in Jiangsu province of China is under going a rapid expansion. Most of these goat farms are backyard enterprises and in close proximity to pig and cattle farms. However, there was very limited information about BVDV infections in goats. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of BVDV infections of goats, the relationship of these infections to clinical signs and determine what BVDV genotypes are circulating in Jiangsu province. Results From 236 goat sera collected from six regions in Jiangsu province between 2011 and 2013, BVDV-1 was identified in 29 samples from the five regions by RT-PCR. The BVDV-1 infections occurred with/without clinical signs. Eight different BVDV-1 strains were identified from these positive samples based on the 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) sequences, and further clustered into four BVDV-1 subtypes on the phylogenetic analysis. Three were BVDV-1b, two BVDV-1m, two BVDV-1o, and one BVDV-1p, respectively. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the occurrence of BVDV and the genotypes of BVDV infecting goats in China. The results indicated that BVDV-1 infections were indeed present and the viruses were with genetic variations in Chinese goat herds. The information would be very useful for prevention and control of BVDV-1 infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Suining Animal Husbandry and Veterinary station, Suining, 221200, China
| | - Suping Cheng
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Suining Animal Husbandry and Veterinary station, Suining, 221200, China
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yonglong Ding
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Yinhua Sun
- Hai'an Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Hai'an, 226600, China
| | - Jieyuan Jiang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, National Center for Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Complete Genome Sequencing of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1, Subgenotypes 1n and 1o. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01744-15. [PMID: 26893426 PMCID: PMC4759073 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01744-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To gain further insight into the genomic features of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) subgenotypes, we sequenced the complete genome of BVDV-1n Shitara/02/06 and BVDV-1o IS26NCP/01. The complete genome of Shitara/02/06 and IS26NCP/01 shared 77.7 to 79.3% and 78.0 to 85.7% sequence identities with other BVDV-1 subgenotype strains, respectively.
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Maya L, Puentes R, Reolón E, Acuña P, Riet F, Rivero R, Cristina J, Colina R. Molecular diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus in uruguay. Arch Virol 2015; 161:529-35. [PMID: 26597189 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) affects bovine production and reproduction causing significant economic losses all over the world. Two viral species has been recognized: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, both distributed worldwide. Recently, novel specie of BVDV named HoBi-like pestivirus was discovered. The presence of BVDV was confirmed in 1996 in Uruguay, however, does not exist until today a schedule of compulsory vaccination along the country. Serological studies with samples from all Uruguayan herds were performed during 2000 and 2001 demonstrating that all of them were seropositive to BVDV with a mean prevalence of 69%. In addition, there have been no new studies done since those previously described and it is important to mention that the genetic diversity of BVD has never been described in Uruguay. Nowadays, there is strongly suspect that BVDV is one of the most important causes of reproductive failures in our herds. The aim of this study was to describe for the first time in Uruguay the genetic diversity of BVDV with samples collected from different regions along the country. Serological status of 390 non-vaccinated animals against BVDV with reproductive problems from farms of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Florida departments of Uruguay were studied. All herds were seropositive to BVDV and high proportion of animals were positive (298/390), while 4.1% (16/390) of the animals were positive to Antigen Capture ELISA test and Real Time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis performed with concatenated sequences from the 5'UTR and Npro genomic regions revealed that BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 are infecting our herds, being BVDV-1 the most frequently found. The major subtype was BVDV-1a, followed by BVDV-1i and BVDV-2b. This is the first study that describes the genetic diversity of BVDV in Uruguay and it will contribute to the elaboration of sanitization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Maya
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay
| | - R Puentes
- Área de Inmunología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1550, 11500, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - E Reolón
- Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - P Acuña
- Laboratorios Santa Elena-VIRBAC, Av. Millán 4175, CP 12900, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - F Riet
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), La Estanzuela, CP 70.000, Casilla De Correo, 39173, Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay
| | - R Rivero
- DILAVE "Miguel C. Rubino", Laboratorio Regional Noroeste, Casilla De Correo 57.037. CP 60.000, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - J Cristina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - R Colina
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Regional Norte, CENUR Noroeste, Universidad de la República, Gral. Rivera 1350, 50000, Salto, Uruguay.
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31
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Prevalence study and genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in four bovine species in China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121718. [PMID: 25849315 PMCID: PMC4388703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the nationwide status of persistent BVDV infection in different bovine species in China and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks (Bos grunniens), and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of China from 2010 to 2013. The samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag) detection kits, and RT-PCR based on the 5’-UTR and Npro gene sequencing. Results showed that the overall positive rates for BVDV Ab, Ag and RT-PCR detection were 58.09% (801/1379), 1.39% (14/1010), and 22.64% (146/645), respectively, while the individual positive rates varied among regions, species, and farms. The average Ab-positive rates for dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks, and water buffalo were 89.49% (298/333), 63.27% (248/392), 45.38% (236/520), and 14.18% (19/134), respectively, while the Ag-positive rates were 0.00% (0/116), 0.77% (3/392), 0.82% (3/368), and 5.97% (8/134), respectively, and the nucleic acid-positive rates detected by RT-PCR were 32.06% (42/131), 13.00% (26/200), 28.89% (52/180), and 19.40% (26/134), respectively. In addition, the RT-PCR products were sequenced and 124 5’-UTR sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5’-UTR sequences indicated that all of the 124 BVDV-positive samples were BVDV-1 and subtyped into either BVDV-1b (33.06%), BVDV-1m (49.19%), or a new cluster, designated as BVDV-1u (17.74%). Phylogenetic analysis based on Npro sequences confirmed this novel subtype. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of BVDV-1 in bovine species in China and the dominant subtypes. The high proportion of bovines with detectable viral nucleic acids in the sera, even in the presence of high Ab levels, revealed a serious threat to bovine health.
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32
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Reproductive performance in experimentally BVDV infected ewes and seroconversion rates in sheep co-mingled with BVDV PI calves. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Alpay G, Yeşilbağ K. Serological relationships among subgroups in bovine viral diarrhea virus genotype 1 (BVDV-1). Vet Microbiol 2014; 175:1-6. [PMID: 25487441 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has various economic impacts associated with diarrhea, poor performance, an increase in the frequency of other infections and lethal outcomes. Both genotypes, namely BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, as well as different subgroups within these genotypes have been reported worldwide. Understanding the serological differences among the BVDV subgroups is important for disease epidemiology and prevention as well as vaccination programs. The aim of this study was to determine the serological relatedness among the subgroups in BVDV-1. For that purpose, sheep hyperimmune sera were collected against representative strains from 6 of the subgroups of BVDV-1 (BVDV-1a, -1b, -1d, -1f, -1h and -1l). The serum samples that gave the peak antibody titer to the homologous strains were used to perform cross neutralization assays. The highest homologous antibody titer (1:5160) was obtained against BVDV-1h. Regarding the cross neutralizing (heterologous) antibodies, the lowest titer (1:20) was produced by the BVDV-1f antiserum against the BVDV-1a and BVDV1-b viruses. The highest cross neutralizing titer (1:2580) achieved by the BVDV-1h antiserum was against the BVDV-1b strain. The cross neutralization results indicated particular serological differences between the recently described subgroup (BVDV-1l) and BVDV-1a/-1b, which are widely used in commercial vaccines. Considering the cross neutralization titers, it is concluded that selected BVDV-1l and BVDV-1h strains can be used for the development of diagnostic and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Alpay
- Department of Virology, Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Kadir Yeşilbağ
- Department of Virology, Uludag University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.
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Giammarioli M, Ceglie L, Rossi E, Bazzucchi M, Casciari C, Petrini S, De Mia GM. Increased genetic diversity of BVDV-1: recent findings and implications thereof. Virus Genes 2014; 50:147-51. [PMID: 25349062 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-based genotyping was recently used to distinguish between the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species of the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Quite recently, a new putative species, BVDV-3, was also detected. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) and Npro region has revealed at least 17 distinct subtypes for BVDV-1 to date. The aim of this study was to further investigate the genetic heterogeneity of BVDV-1 in Italy, by analysing 173 virus sequences from isolates collected over an 18-year period (1997-2014). Viral RNA was extracted from the original biological samples identified as BVDV-1-positive. Reverse transcription (RT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting a 288-base pair (bp) region of the 5'-UTR and a 428-bp region encoding the autoprotease Npro were performed, and the RT-PCR products were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR and Npro sequences re-confirmed the circulation of ten out of eleven subtypes previously discovered in Italy. Interestingly, four isolates differed significantly from all of the bovine pestiviruses identified so far, thereby providing evidence for the circulation of three novel subtypes that have not been documented so far. The growing number of reports on BVDV-1 heterogeneity, including the recent findings reported herein, raises concern related to the emergence and spread of new BVDV variants, with possible implications for animal health and disease control. This global issue needs to be addressed with the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giammarioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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Lang Y, Gao S, Du J, Shao J, Cong G, Lin T, Zhao F, Liu L, Chang H. Polymorphic genetic characterization of E2 gene of bovine viral diarrhea virus in China. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:554-559. [PMID: 25465669 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the wide distributed pathogenic viruses of livestock and wild animals worldwide. E2 glycoprotein is a major structural component of the BVDV virion and plays a key role in viral attachment to host cells and inducing immune responses against viral infection. In order to gain detailed information of the E2 coding region of BVDV circulating in China, 46 positive samples were tested by RT-PCR for the E2 coding region. The 1122 nt nucleotide sequences of full-length E2 were harvested and analyzed. The results suggested that full-length E2 was an ideal target for BVDV genotyping and divided the domestic BVDV isolates into 9 subgenotypes, namely BVDV-1a, -1b1, -1c, -1d, -1o, -1m, -1p, -1q and BVDV-2a, showing great diversity. The difference of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (dN-dS) inferred both positive and purifying selection of the E2. However, combination of positive and purifying selection at different points indicated purifying selection within the complete E2. Protein properties analysis based on glycosylation sites and epitope prediction demonstrated that the biological character of E2 among individual BVDV subgenotype was similar, but may alter due to amino acid changes. For the first time, the comprehensive collection of E2 sequences of Chinese BVDV isolates was elucidated, which would provide information for future vaccine design and BVD control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Tong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology, and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA) , 75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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36
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Lanyon SR, Sims SK, Cockcroft PD, Reichel MP. Comparison of serum, ear notches, and nasal and saliva swabs for Bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen detection in colostrum-fed persistently infected (PI) calves and non-PI calves. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:783-7. [PMID: 25227419 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714550181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neonatal and young calves persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) by antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE) may be complicated by interference from colostrum-derived specific antibodies. Ten calves, with 3 calves identified as PI and 7 as non-PI were used in the current study. All non-PI calves were shown to be seropositive for BVDV-specific antibodies by antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA) on serum. Serum samples, ear notch samples, and nasal and saliva swabs were collected from each calf from birth until 12 weeks of age and tested by ELISA for BVDV-specific antigen and antibodies. Following colostrum ingestion, Ab-ELISA sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios rose by a mean of 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64-1.25) and 1.72 (95% CI = 1.55-1.89) in seropositive, non-PI calves and in PI calves, respectively. The mean S/P ratios then declined to approximately 1.1 in non-PI calves and 0.5 in PI calves at between 60 and 80 days of age. In PI calves, testing for antigen in serum and nasal and saliva swabs was subject to interference by colostrum-derived antibodies in calves up to 3 weeks of age. Nasal swabs were less affected than serum and saliva swabs. Ear notches maintained positive ACE corrected optical densities at all sample times, despite a drop in the signal following the ingestion of colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha R Lanyon
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah K Sims
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter D Cockcroft
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P Reichel
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Roseworthy Campus, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
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Weber MN, Silveira S, Machado G, Groff FHS, Mósena ACS, Budaszewski RF, Dupont PM, Corbellini LG, Canal CW. High frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in Southern Brazil. Virus Res 2014; 191:117-24. [PMID: 25109547 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ruminant pestiviruses can infect cattle populations worldwide and cause significant economic losses due to their impact on productivity and health. Knowledge of pestivirus diversity is important for control programs and vaccine development and for determining probable sources of infection. In this paper, we describe a search for ruminant pestiviruses with RT-PCR in sera of 9078 calves from 6 to 12 months of age. The calves were first analyzed in pools and then analyzed individually. Thirty-three RT-PCR positive animals were detected (0.36%) from 6.9% (24) of the 346 herds. The sequencing analysis of the 5' non-coding region and N terminal autoprotease showed the presence of BVDV-1a (15 isolates), -1b (3), -1d (1) and -2b (14), with a higher frequency (42.4%) of BVDV-2 in comparison with other countries. The presence of sheep was significantly associated with BVDV infection. Our results also suggested that a BVDV control program based only on the investigation of cattle would not be successful, especially in regions with farms harboring multiple animal species. This study may also serve as a reference for future control programs in Southern Brazil because it reports the prevalence of cattle with active infections and the genetic background of the circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Weber
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Silveira
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G Machado
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - F H S Groff
- Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio do Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPA-RS), Av. Praia de Belas 1768, CEP 90-110-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A C S Mósena
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R F Budaszewski
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - P M Dupont
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L G Corbellini
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia Veterinária (Epilab), Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C W Canal
- Laboratório de Virologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9090, CEP 91-540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Zhang SQ, Tan B, Guo L, Wang FX, Zhu HW, Wen YJ, Cheng S. Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses in commercial bovine serum batches of Chinese origin. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:230-3. [PMID: 25102030 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is often detected in commercial bovine serum. BVDV genetic diversity was investigated in commercial bovine serum of Chinese origin. Twenty-two batches of bovine serum were obtained from 10 suppliers with different geographic origins in China, and 20 batches of bovine serum were positive by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstructions of partial 5'UTR sequences indicated that the samples examined in this work clustered within the BVDV type 1 and BVDV type 2 genotypes. Interestingly, 3 sample sequences clustered into CSFV. These results suggest a high genetic diversity in Chinese BVDV field isolates. This study will benefit epidemiological surveys of BVDV detected in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Extended genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea virus and frequency of genotypes and subtypes in cattle in Italy between 1995 and 2013. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:147145. [PMID: 25045658 PMCID: PMC4090534 DOI: 10.1155/2014/147145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) has distinguished BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 species and an emerging putative third species (HoBi-like virus), recently detected in southern Italy, signaling the occurrence of natural infection in Europe. Recognizing the need to update the data on BVDV genetic variability in Italy for mounting local and European alerts, a wide collection of 5′ UTR sequences (n = 371) was selected to identify the frequency of genotypes and subtypes at the herd level. BVDV-1 had the highest frequency, followed by sporadic BVDV-2. No novel HoBi-like viruses were identified. Four distribution patterns of BVDV-1 subtypes were observed: highly prevalent subtypes with a wide temporal-spatial distribution (1b and 1e), low prevalent subtypes with a widespread geographic distribution (1a, 1d, 1g, 1h, and 1k) or a restricted geographic distribution (1f), and sporadic subtypes detected only in single herds (1c, 1j, and 1l). BVDV-1c, k, and l are reported for the first time in Italy. A unique genetic variant was detected in the majority of herds, but cocirculation of genetic variants was also observed. Northern Italy ranked first for BVDV introduction, prevalence, and dispersion. Nevertheless, the presence of sporadic variants in other restricted areas suggests the risk of different routes of BVDV introduction.
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Phylogenetic analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus of subgenotype 1c. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 26:168-71. [PMID: 24887177 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Wang W, Shi X, Chen C, Wu H. Genetic characterization of a noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus 2b isolated from cattle in China. Virus Genes 2014; 49:339-41. [PMID: 24811746 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In January 2013, several clinical signs of cattle with diarrhea, cough, nasal discharge, and fever were reported in Jilin province, China. One virus named SD1301 was isolated and identified. Complete genome of the virus is 12258nt in length and contains a 5'UTR, one open reading frame encoding a polyprotein of 3,897 amino acids and a 3'UTR. Phylogenetic analysis of 5'UTR, N(pro), E1 and E2 gene demonstrated the virus belonged to BVDV 2b, and genetically related to the BVDV strain Hokudai-Lab/09 from Japan in 2010. This bovine viral diarrhea virus displays a unique genetic signature with 27-nucleotide deletion in the 5'UTR, which is similar to the bovine viral diarrhea virus C413 (AF002227). This was the first confirmed isolation of ncp BVDV2b circulating in bovine herd of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, CAAS, No. 4899, Juye Street, Changchun, 130122, China
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Wang W, Shi X, Wu Y, Li X, Ji Y, Meng Q, Zhang S, Wu H. Immunogenicity of an inactivated Chinese bovine viral diarrhea virus 1a (BVDV 1a) vaccine cross protects from BVDV 1b infection in young calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:288-92. [PMID: 24880701 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 1b strains are the predominant subgenotypes in China. Because of the genetic and antigenic variability among different BVDV strains, a vaccine effective in one region may fail to protect against infections caused by different virus strains in another region. No BVDV vaccine developed with the predominant strains in China are available. In this study, the immunogenicity of an inactivated Chinese BVDV 1a NM01 vaccine strain was evaluated by challenging with a Chinese BVDV 1b JL strain. Ten 2-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the vaccine strain and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. The average titer of neutralization antibody to BVDV 1a and BVDV 1b of immunized calves reached 1:410 and 1:96, respectively, at 21 days post the second vaccination. Twenty-one days post the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with strain JL. The clinical signs, such as the temperature and leukopenia of the immunized calves and viral shedding, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves after challenging with the virulent BVDV 1b strain, indicating that the BVDV 1a vaccine strain elicited efficacious protection against the endemic BVDV 1b strain in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an inactivated BVDV vaccine which demonstrated effective cross-protection against BVDV type 1b infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, CAAS, No. 4899, Juye Street, Changchun 130122, China; Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinchuan Shi
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongwang Wu
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- VMRD, APAC, Zoetis, Unit 1400, 14th Floor, Sunflower Tower, No. 37 Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingsen Meng
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- VMRD, APAC, Zoetis, Unit 1400, 14th Floor, Sunflower Tower, No. 37 Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
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Deng Y, Shan TL, Tong W, Zheng XC, Guo YY, Zheng H, Cao SJ, Wen XT, Tong GZ. Genomic characterization of a bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 isolate from swine. Arch Virol 2014; 159:2513-7. [PMID: 24719194 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-014-2064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The SD0803 strain of the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was isolated from a piglet in China in 2008 and has been classified as a novel subgenotype of BVDV-1. To describe the molecular features of this novel subgenotype, we sequenced and characterized the complete genome of the SD0803 virus. The genome is 12,271 bp in length and contains 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that flank an open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 3,898-amino-acid polypeptide. The full-length genome of the SD0803 strain shares 78.8% to 83.3% identity with those of other BVDV-1 strains, 70.0% to 70.7% identity with those of BVDV-2 strains, and less than 67.6% identity with those of other pestiviruses. The highest level of shared identity was 83.3% between the complete SD0803 genome and that of the ZM-95 strain of BVDV-1. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5' UTR and the coding sequence for the N-terminal protease fragment of the SD0803 polyprotein indicated that the SD0803 virus is a member of the novel subgenotype BVDV-1q, isolates of which have been identified recently in dairy cattle and camels in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
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44
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Zhang S, Tan B, Ding Y, Wang F, Guo L, Wen Y, Cheng S, Wu H. Complete genome sequence and pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus JL-1 isolate from cattle in China. Virol J 2014; 11:67. [PMID: 24708732 PMCID: PMC4234127 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen found worldwide in calves. It can cause significant economic losses in agriculture. Many BVDV strains have been isolated in China. However, the pathogenesis and complete gene characteristics of BVDV isolate have yet not been reported in China. Here, a BVDV isolate was isolated and its pathogenesis and complete genome were studied. Results A new isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus, named JL-1, was isolated from the spleen of a sick cow with diarrhea using MDBK cell culture. The complete genome of JL-1 is 12,276 nucleotides and contains a 5′-UTR of 382 nucleotides, a 3′-UTR of 188 nucleotides, and a large ORF encoding a polyprotein consisting of 3,901 amino acids. Genomic comparison and phylogenetic analyses of complete genomic sequence clearly showed that JL-1 fell into the BVDV-1b subtype. The result of pathogenesis of JL-1 strain showed that all infected calves developed clinical signs of elevated rectal temperatures, decreased leucopenia, and viral discharge. Viral antigen was detected in infected animal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Animals in the mock were normal. These results demonstrated that BVDV JL-1 was a virulent strain. Conclusions This is the first study to report the pathogenesis and complete gene characterization of the BVDV strain in China. This report may set a good foundation for further study of BVDV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipeng Cheng
- State key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals-Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Gong X, Liu L, Zheng F, Chen Q, Li Z, Cao X, Yin H, Zhou J, Cai X. Molecular investigation of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in yaks (Bos gruniens) from Qinghai, China. Virol J 2014; 11:29. [PMID: 24524442 PMCID: PMC3926853 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus which infects both domestic animals and wildlife species worldwide. In China, cattle are often infected with BVDV of different genotypes, but there is very limited knowledge regarding BVDV infection in Chinese yaks and the genetic diversity of the virus. The objectives of this study were to detect viral infection in yaks in Qinghai, China and to determine the genotypes of BVDV based on analysis of the 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) and N-terminal protease (Npro) region. Results Between 2010 and 2012, 407 blood samples were collected from yaks with or without clinical signs in six counties of Qinghai Province. Ninety-eight samples (24%) were found to be positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting a conserved region of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. The nucleotide sequences of the 5′UTR and complete Npro region were determined for 16 positive samples. Phylogenetic reconstructions demonstrated that all 16 samples belong to subgenotypes BVDV-1b, BVDV-1d and BVDV-1q. Conclusions This study provides, for the first time, molecular evidence for BVDV infection in yaks in Qinghai involving multiple subgenotypes of BVDV-1. This may have occurred under three possible scenarios: interspecies transmission, natural infection, and the use of vaccines contaminated with BVDV. The results have important implications for yak production and management in China, and specifically indicate that unscientific vaccination practices should be stopped and bio-security increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jizhang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Wang W, Shi X, Tong Q, Wu Y, Xia MQ, Ji Y, Xue W, Wu H. A bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1a strain in China: isolation, identification, and experimental infection in calves. Virol J 2014; 11:8. [PMID: 24444389 PMCID: PMC3901005 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogens in cattle. Previously, BVDV sub-genotypes of 1b, 1c, 1d, and 1 m were detected in China. However, isolation of BVDV type 1a from cattle has not been reported in China. In 2010, twenty nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from the cattle suspected BVDV infection in Henan province, China. A BVDV isolate was isolated using cell culture, and the pathogenesis of the virus isolate was studied. Methods Virus isolation was performed on MDBK cells. The virus identification was conducted by RT-PCR, neutralization test and immunofluorescence assay. In order to determine the genotype of the newly isolated virus, the 5′ un-translated region (5′UTR) of the virus isolate was cloned, sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. To evaluate the virulence of the virus isolate, four BVDV sero-negative calves were intranasally inoculated with the virus suspension. Rectal temperatures and clinical signs were recorded daily. Blood samples were analyzed for changes in white blood cell counts, and tissue samples were taken for histopathology analysis. Results A new isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), named HN01, was isolated from the nasal swabs using MDBK cell culture. The HN01 strain caused cytopathic effect (CPE) in MDBK cell cultures after two passages. The virus specifically reacted to BVDV1-specific monoclonal antibody in an immunofluorescence assay. A fragment of 288 bp of genome from this isolate was amplified by the RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis of 5′UTR indicated that the virus was BVDV 1a. In the pathogenesis study, four calves experimentally infected with the BVDV strain developed depression, cough and other clinical signs. Calves showed high temperature over 40°C, and white blood cell counts dropped more than 40%. Conclusions A new subgenotype 1a strain of BVDV was firstly isolated from dairy cattle in China. The experimental infection showed that the virus was moderate pathogenic to cattle and can be used as a BVDV challenge virus to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV vaccines in the target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Wu
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, CAAS, No, 4899, Juye Street, 130122 Changchun, PR China.
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Gao S, Du J, Shao J, Lang Y, Lin T, Cong G, Zhao F, Belák S, Liu L, Chang H, Yin H. Genome analysis reveals a novel genetically divergent subgenotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:489-91. [PMID: 23851013 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Junzheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Junjun Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Yifei Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Tong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Guozheng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Furong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology, and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lihong Liu
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology, and Parasitology (VIP), National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Huiyun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China.
| | - Hong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046 Gansu, PR China.
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Booth RE, Thomas CJ, El-Attar LMR, Gunn G, Brownlie J. A phylogenetic analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) isolates from six different regions of the UK and links to animal movement data. Vet Res 2013; 44:43. [PMID: 23783173 PMCID: PMC3691640 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus which infects cattle populations worldwide and is recognised as a significant source of economic loss through its impact on health and productivity. Studies investigating the molecular epidemiology of BVDV can give invaluable information about the diversity of viral strains present in a population and this, in turn, can inform control programs, drive vaccine development and determine likely infection sources. The current study investigated 104 viral isolates from forty farms across the UK. Through phylogenetic and nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5′UTR and Npro regions of the isolates investigated, it was determined that BVDV 1a was the predominant sub-genotype. However, BVDV 1b, 1e and 1i were also identified and, for the first time in the UK, BVDV 1d. Through analysis of animal movement data alongside the phylogenetic analysis of these BVD isolates, it was possible to link animal movements to the viral isolates present on several premises and, for the first time, begin to elucidate the routes of viral transmission. With further work, this type of analysis would enable accurate determination and quantification of the true biosecurity risk factors associated with BVDV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Booth
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
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Gao S, Luo J, Du J, Lang Y, Cong G, Shao J, Lin T, Zhao F, Belák S, Liu L, Chang H, Yin H. Serological and molecular evidence for natural infection of Bactrian camels with multiple subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus in Western China. Vet Microbiol 2012; 163:172-6. [PMID: 23313538 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects both domestic and wild animals, causing substantial economic losses. In order to investigate possible infection in Bactrian camels in Western China, a total of 56 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy Bactrian camels and tested for BVDV antigens and antibodies using antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and virus neutralization test. The antigen-positive samples (n=17) were further tested for viral nucleic acids by species-specific real-time RT-PCR assays, which showed presence of BVDV-1, but not BVDV-2 nor atypical bovine pestivirus, in the camel samples. Twelve non-cytopathogenic viruses were isolated and genetically typed by sequencing of the 5'untranslated region (5'UTR) and N(pro) coding sequences. Phylogenetic analysis divided the isolates into six known subgenotypes: BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1c, BVDV-1m, BVDV-1o, BVDV-1p and a putative subgenotype, BVDV-1q. This study provides, for the first time, serological and molecular evidence for natural infection of Bactrian camels in Western China with highly divergent BVDV-1 strains. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the possible roles of Bactrian camels in the epidemiology of BVD in Western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Epizootic Diseases of Grazing Animals of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
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50
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Gong X, Cao X, Zheng F, Chen Q, Zhou J, Yin H, Liu L, Cai X. Identification and characterization of a novel subgenotype of bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated from dairy cattle in Northwestern China. Virus Genes 2012; 46:375-6. [PMID: 23229205 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was detected by RT-PCR in 105 out of 391 samples which were collected from five dairy farms in Ningxia, China during 2010-2011. Non-cytopathogenic BVDV was isolated from 13 samples and a 230-bp fragment of the 5'-untranslated region was amplified and sequenced. While the predominant subgenotypes were BVDV-1b and BVDV-1d, a potentially novel subgenotype was identified by phylogenetic analysis, which may have implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan, Lanzhou 730046, People's Republic of China
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