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Liang W, Jie S, Wang Y, Wen X, Xiong Y, Lin X, Lv Z. Research Note: Factors influencing highly pathogenic avian influenza preventive behavior among live poultry market vendors. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103230. [PMID: 37980761 PMCID: PMC10685013 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In China, fresh food has always been a top priority and live poultry has been a staple in the diet for thousands of years. As a result, the live poultry market (LPM) remains a popular and important source for purchasing live poultry among the public. However, LPMs also play a crucial role in spreading and retaining highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to the high poultry movement and trade volume. Therefore, the preventive behavior of LPM vendors is essential in blocking the transmission of HPAI and reducing occupational exposure. Based on the health belief model, this study utilized structural equation modeling to examine the effect of risk perceptions on preventive behavior among vendors in the live poultry wholesale market (wLPM) and the live poultry retail market (rLPM) in Guangdong Province. The results indicated that perceived severity and perceived benefits positively influenced the wLPM vendors' ability to adopt preventive behavior (i.e., self-efficacy) while perceived barriers negatively affected self-efficacy in both wLPM and rLPM. Moreover, cues to action positively mediated the relationship between perceived severity, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy of wLPM and rLPM vendors. Cues to action also positively mediated the effect of perceived susceptibility among wLPM vendors. To promote preventive behavior among vendors, the market management companies and the government must provide timely and effective HPAI information through various channels and develop differentiated health campaigns according to the market types to raise vendors' awareness about HPAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liang
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqiong Jie
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowei Wen
- Research Institute of Rural Development of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yanling Xiong
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengrong Lv
- College of Economics and Management, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China
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Sagong M, Kang YM, Kim NY, Noh EB, Heo GB, An SH, Lee YJ, Choi YK, Lee KN. Development of a Novel Korean H9-Specific rRT-PCR Assay and Its Application for Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance in Korea. J Microbiol 2023; 61:929-936. [PMID: 38010587 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the 2000s, the Y439 lineage of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has been the predominant strain circulating in poultry in Korea; however, in 2020, the Y280 lineage emerged and spread rapidly nationwide, causing large economic losses. To prevent further spread and circulation of such viruses, rapid detection and diagnosis through active surveillance programs are crucial. Here, we developed a novel H9 rRT-PCR assay that can detect a broad range of H9Nx viruses in situations in which multiple lineages of H9 AIVs are co-circulating. We then evaluated its efficacy using a large number of clinical samples. The assay, named the Uni Kor-H9 assay, showed high sensitivity for Y280 lineage viruses, as well as for the Y439 lineage originating in Korean poultry and wild birds. In addition, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other subtypes of AIV or other avian pathogens. Furthermore, the Uni Kor-H9 assay was more sensitive, and had higher detection rates, than reference H9 rRT-PCR methods when tested against a panel of domestically isolated H9 AIVs. In conclusion, the novel Uni Kor-H9 assay enables more rapid and efficient diagnosis than the "traditional" method of virus isolation followed by subtyping RT-PCR. Application of the new H9 rRT-PCR assay to AI active surveillance programs will help to control and manage Korean H9 AIVs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingeun Sagong
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Myung Kang
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeong Kim
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research & Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Serological Surveillance of the H1N1 and H3N2 Swine Influenza A Virus in Chinese Swine between 2016 and 2021. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5833769. [PMID: 35528158 PMCID: PMC9071888 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5833769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Swine influenza A virus (IAV-S) is a common cause of respiratory disease in pigs and poses a major public health threat. However, little attention and funding have been given to such studies. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of the Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (EA H1N1), 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pdm/09 H1N1), and H3N2 subtype antibodies in unvaccinated swine populations through serological investigations. Such data are helpful in understanding the prevalence of the IAV-S. Methods A total of 40,343 serum samples from 17 regions in China were examined using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests against EA H1N1, pdm/09 H1N1, and H3N2 IAV-S from 2016 to 2021. The results were analyzed based on a reginal distribution, seasonal distribution, and in different breeding stages. Results A total of 19,682 serum samples out of the 40,343 were positive for IAV-S (48.79%). The positivity rates to the EA H1N1 subtype, pdm/09 H1N1 subtype, and H3N2 subtype were 24.75% (9,986/40,343), 7.94% (3,205/40,343), and 0.06% (24/40,343), respectively. The occurrences of coinfections from two or more subtypes were also detected. In general, the positivity rates of serum samples were related to the regional distribution and feeding stages. Conclusions The results of this study showed that the anti-EA H1N1 subtype and pdm/09 H1N1 subtype antibodies were readily detected in swine serum samples. The EA H1N1 subtype has become dominant in the pig population. The occurrences of coinfections from two or more subtypes afforded opportunities for their reassortment to produce new viruses. Our findings emphasized the need for continuous surveillance of influenza viruses.
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Quan C, Zhang Z, Ding G, Sun F, Zhao H, Liu Q, Ma C, Wang J, Wang L, Zhao W, He J, Wang Y, He Q, Carr MJ, Wang D, Xiao Q, Shi W. Seroprevalence of influenza viruses in Shandong, Northern China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med 2022; 16:984-990. [PMID: 36152125 PMCID: PMC9510416 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0930-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been commonly deployed to prevent and control the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), resulting in a worldwide decline in influenza prevalence. However, the influenza risk in China warrants cautious assessment. We conducted a cross-sectional, seroepidemiological study in Shandong Province, Northern China in mid-2021. Hemagglutination inhibition was performed to test antibodies against four influenza vaccine strains. A combination of descriptive and meta-analyses was adopted to compare the seroprevalence of influenza antibodies before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overall seroprevalence values against A/H1N1pdm09, A/H3N2, B/Victoria, and B/Yamagata were 17.8% (95% CI 16.2%-19.5%), 23.5% (95% CI 21.7%-25.4%), 7.6% (95% CI 6.6%-8.7%), and 15.0 (95% CI 13.5%-16.5%), respectively, in the study period. The overall vaccination rate was extremely low (2.6%). Our results revealed that antibody titers in vaccinated participants were significantly higher than those in unvaccinated individuals (P < 0.001). Notably, the meta-analysis showed that antibodies against A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 were significantly low in adults after the COVID-19 pandemic (P < 0.01). Increasing vaccination rates and maintaining NPIs are recommended to prevent an elevated influenza risk in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansong Quan
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Guoyong Ding
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Fengwei Sun
- The Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Hengxia Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Boshan District Hospital, Zibo, 255200 China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Chuanmin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Jinjie He
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, Boshan District Hospital, Zibo, 255200 China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Department of Cancer Center, Taian Tumor Prevention and Treatment Hospital, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Qian He
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
| | - Michael J. Carr
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland ,International Collaboration Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0010020 Japan
| | - Dayan Wang
- Chinese National Influenza Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000 China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000 China ,School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117 China
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Chen X, Wang W, Wang Y, Lai S, Yang J, Cowling BJ, Horby PW, Uyeki TM, Yu H. Serological evidence of human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2020; 18:377. [PMID: 33261599 PMCID: PMC7709391 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus poses a global public health threat given severe and fatal zoonotic infections since 1997 and ongoing A(H5N1) virus circulation among poultry in several countries. A comprehensive assessment of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus antibodies remains a gap and limits understanding of the true risk of A(H5N1) virus infection. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published serosurveys to assess the risk of subclinical and clinically mild A(H5N1) virus infections. We assessed A(H5N1) virus antibody titers and changes in titers among populations with variable exposures to different A(H5N1) viruses. RESULTS Across studies using the World Health Organization-recommended seropositive definition, the point estimates of the seroprevalence of A(H5N1) virus-specific antibodies were higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-0.6%) and persons exposed to both human A(H5N1) cases and infected birds (range 0.4-1.8%) than in close contacts of A(H5N1) cases or the general population (none to very low frequencies). Seroprevalence was higher in persons exposed to A(H5N1) clade 0 virus (1.9%, range 0.7-3.2%) than in participants exposed to other clades of A(H5N1) virus (range 0-0.5%) (p < 0.05). Seroprevalence was higher in poultry-exposed populations (range 0-1.9%) if such studies utilized antigenically similar A(H5N1) virus antigens in assays to A(H5N1) viruses circulating among poultry. CONCLUSIONS These low seroprevalences suggest that subclinical and clinically mild human A(H5N1) virus infections are uncommon. Standardized serological survey and laboratory methods are needed to fully understand the extent and risk of human A(H5N1) virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
- WorldPop, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang W, Chen X, Wang Y, Lai S, Yang J, Cowling BJ, Horby PW, Uyeki TM, Yu H. Serological evidence of human infection with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:70-82. [PMID: 33119755 PMCID: PMC9373149 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extent of human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus, including mild and asymptomatic infections, is uncertain. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of serosurveys for avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infections in humans published during 2013–2020. Three seropositive definitions were assessed to estimate pooled seroprevalence, seroconversion rate, and seroincidence by types of exposures. We applied a scoring system to assess the quality of included studies. Results Of 31 included studies, pooled seroprevalence of A(H7N9) virus antibodies from all participants was 0.02%, with poultry workers, close contacts, and general populations having seroprevalence of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.02%, respectively, based on the World Health Organization (WHO)—recommended definition. Although most infections were asymptomatic, evidence of infection was highest in poultry workers (5% seroconversion, 19.1% seroincidence per 100 person-years). Use of different virus clades did not significantly affect seroprevalence estimates. Most serological studies were of low to moderate quality and did not follow standardized seroepidemiological protocols or WHO-recommended laboratory methods. Conclusions Human infections with avian influenza A(H7N9) virus have been uncommon, especially for general populations. Workers with occupational exposures to poultry and close contacts of A(H7N9) human cases had low risks of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Lai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin J Cowling
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Westerhuis B, Ten Hulscher H, Jacobi R, van Beek J, Koopmans M, Rimmelzwaan G, Meijer A, van Binnendijk R. Specific memory B cell response in humans upon infection with highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3152. [PMID: 32081953 PMCID: PMC7035254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
H7 avian influenza viruses represent a major public health concern, and worldwide outbreaks raise the risk of a potential pandemic. Understanding the memory B cell response to avian (H7) influenza virus infection in humans could provide insights in the potential key to human infection risks. We investigated an epizootic of the highly pathogenic A(H7N7) in the Netherlands, which in 2003 led to infection of 89 persons and one fatal case. Subtype-specificity of antibodies were determined for confirmed H7N7 infected individuals (cases) (n = 19), contacts of these cases (n = 21) and a comparison group controls (n = 16), by microarray, using recombinant hemagglutinin (HA)1 proteins. The frequency and specificity of memory B cells was determined by detecting subtype-specific antibodies in the culture supernatants from in vitro stimulated oligoclonal B cell cultures, from peripheral blood of cases and controls. All cases (100%) had high antibody titers specific for A(H7N7)2003 (GMT > 100), whereas H7-HA1 antigen binding was detected in 29% of contacts and 31% of controls, suggesting that some of the H7 reactivity stems from cross reactive antibodies. To unravel homotypic and heterotypic responses, the frequency and specificity of memory B cells were determined in 2 cases. Ten of 123 HA1 reactive clones isolated from the cases bound to only H7- HA1, whereas 5 bound both H7 and other HA1 antigens. We recovered at least four different epitopal reactivities, though none of the H7 reactive antibodies were able to neutralize H7 infections in vitro. Our study serologically confirms the infection with H7 avian influenza viruses, and shows that H7 infection triggers a mixture of strain -specific and cross-reactive antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Westerhuis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hinke Ten Hulscher
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Jacobi
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Rimmelzwaan
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), Hanover, Germany
| | - Adam Meijer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (Cib), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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The R251K Substitution in Viral Protein PB2 Increases Viral Replication and Pathogenicity of Eurasian Avian-like H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010052. [PMID: 31906472 PMCID: PMC7019279 DOI: 10.3390/v12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Eurasian avian-like swine (EA) H1N1 virus has affected the Chinese swine industry, and human infection cases have been reported occasionally. However, little is known about the pathogenic mechanism of EA H1N1 virus. In this study, we compared the mouse pathogenicity of A/swine/Guangdong/YJ4/2014 (YJ4) and A/swine/Guangdong/MS285/2017 (MS285) viruses, which had similar genotype to A/Hunan/42443/2015 (HuN-like). None of the mice inoculated with 106 TCID50 of YJ4 survived at 7 days post infection, while the survival rate of the MS285 group was 100%. Therefore, a series of single fragment reassortants in MS285 background and two rescued wild-type viruses were generated by using the reverse genetics method, and the pathogenicity analysis revealed that the PB2 gene contributed to the high virulence of YJ4 virus. Furthermore, there were 11 amino acid differences in PB2 between MS285 and YJ4 identified by sequence alignment, and 11 single amino acid mutant viruses were generated in the MS285 background. We found that the R251K mutation significantly increased the virulence of MS285 in mice, contributed to high polymerase activity and enhanced viral genome transcription and replication. These results indicate that PB2-R251K contributes to the virulence of the EA H1N1 virus and provide new insight into future molecular epidemiological surveillance strategies.
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Ma MJ, Zhao T, Chen SH, Xia X, Yang XX, Wang GL, Fang LQ, Ma GY, Wu MN, Qian YH, Dean NE, Yang Y, Lu B, Cao WC. Avian Influenza A Virus Infection among Workers at Live Poultry Markets, China, 2013-2016. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1246-1256. [PMID: 29912708 PMCID: PMC6038753 DOI: 10.3201/eid2407.172059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a 3-year longitudinal serologic survey on an open cohort of poultry workers, swine workers, and general population controls to assess avian influenza A virus (AIV) seroprevalence and seroincidence and virologic diversity at live poultry markets (LPMs) in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. Of 964 poultry workers, 9 (0.93%) were seropositive for subtype H7N9 virus, 18 (1.87%) for H9N2, and 18 (1.87%) for H5N1. Of 468 poultry workers followed longitudinally, 2 (0.43%), 13 (2.78%), and 7 (1.5%) seroconverted, respectively; incidence was 1.27, 8.28, and 4.46/1,000 person-years for H7N9, H9N2, and H5N1 viruses, respectively. Longitudinal surveillance of AIVs at 9 LPMs revealed high co-circulation of H9, H7, and H5 subtypes. We detected AIVs in 726 (23.3%) of 3,121 samples and identified a high diversity (10 subtypes) of new genetic constellations and reassortant viruses. These data suggest that stronger surveillance for AIVs within LPMs and high-risk populations is imperative.
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Ma C, Cui S, Sun Y, Zhao J, Zhang D, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wu S, Duan W, Zhang M, Yang P, Wang Q. Avian influenza A (H9N2) virus infections among poultry workers, swine workers, and the general population in Beijing, China, 2013-2016: A serological cohort study. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:415-425. [PMID: 30884184 PMCID: PMC6586185 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have reported on the seroprevalence of antibodies against avian influenza A (H9N2) virus and the incidence of these infections in the northern China and among swine workers. Methods We conducted a serological cohort study among people working with poultry or swine or the general population in Beijing, China. It comprised four cross‐sectional serological surveys in November 2013, April 2014, April 2015, and April 2016. Blood samples collected from the participants were tested for anti‐H9N2 antibodies using a hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) assay. Multivariable Poisson regression model was then used to compare the person‐month incidence rates for H9N2 viral infections among the three groups, assessed by incidence rate ratio (IRR). Results In the four cross‐sectional surveys, the highest seroprevalence of anti‐H9N2 antibodies (HI titer ≥ 80) was recorded in the poultry workers (2.77%, 19/685) in April 2016, while the lowest was recorded in the general population (0.09%, 1/1135) in April 2015. The highest incidence density rate for H9N2 infections across the whole study period was recorded among the poultry workers (3.75/1000 person‐months), followed by the swine workers (1.94/1000 person‐months) and the general population (1.78/1000 person‐months). Multivariable analysis showed that the poultry workers were at higher risk (IRR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.07‐5.48; P = 0.034) of contracting H9N2 virus than the general population. Conclusions Although the seroprevalence of H9N2 antibodies was low in Beijing, the poultry workers were at higher risk of contracting H9N2 viral infections than the general population. Closer monitoring and strengthened protection measures for poultry workers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunna Ma
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Cui
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zhao
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangsheng Wu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Duan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China.,School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China.,Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China
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11
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Zhang J, Wu H, Zhang Y, Cao M, Brisse M, Zhu W, Li R, Liu M, Cai M, Chen J, Chen J. Molecular evolutionary and antigenic characteristics of newly isolated H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Guangdong province, China. Arch Virol 2018; 164:607-612. [PMID: 30474753 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Four new H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) were isolated from domestic birds in Guangdong between December 2015 and April 2016. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicated that most of the internal genes of these four strains were highly similar to those of human H7N9 viruses. Amino acid substitutions and deletions found in the HA and NA proteins indicated that all four of these new isolates may have an enhanced ability to infect humans and other mammals. A cross-hemagglutinin-inhibition assay, conducted with two vaccine strains that are broadly used in China, suggested that antisera against vaccine candidates could not provide complete inhibition of the new isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiji Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengrui Cao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Morgan Brisse
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cites Campus, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Wanjun Zhu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cites Campus, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Rongxu Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfang Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gonzales JL, Roberts H, Smietanka K, Baldinelli F, Ortiz-Pelaez A, Verdonck F. Assessment of low pathogenic avian influenza virus transmission via raw poultry meat and raw table eggs. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05431. [PMID: 32625713 PMCID: PMC7009628 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid qualitative assessment has been done by performing a theoretical analysis on the transmission of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) via fresh meat from poultry reared or kept in captivity for the production of meat (raw poultry meat) or raw table eggs. A predetermined transmission pathway followed a number of steps from a commercial or non-commercial poultry establishment within the EU exposed to LPAI virus (LPAIV) to the onward virus transmission to animals and humans. The combined probability of exposure and subsequent LPAIV infection via raw poultry meat containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans exposed via consumption whereas it is very unlikely for non-commercial poultry, wild birds and humans exposed via handling and manipulation. The probability of LPAIV transmission from an individual infected via raw poultry meat containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans, whereas it is very unlikely for non-commercial poultry and wild birds. The combined probability of exposure and subsequent LPAIV infection via raw table eggs containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans and extremely unlikely to negligible for non-commercial poultry and wild birds. The probability of LPAIV transmission from an individual infected via raw table eggs containing LPAIV is negligible for commercial poultry and humans and very unlikely to negligible for non-commercial poultry and wild birds. Although the presence of LPAIV in raw poultry meat and table eggs is very unlikely to negligible, there is in general a high level of uncertainty on the estimation of the subsequent probabilities of key steps of the transmission pathways for poultry and wild birds, mainly due to the limited number of studies available, for instance on the viral load required to infect a bird via raw poultry meat or raw table eggs containing LPAIV.
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13
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Pusch EA, Suarez DL. The Multifaceted Zoonotic Risk of H9N2 Avian Influenza. Vet Sci 2018; 5:E82. [PMID: 30248906 PMCID: PMC6313933 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry-adapted H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are commonly found in many countries in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, and although classified as low pathogenic viruses, they are an economically important disease. Besides the importance of the disease in the poultry industry, some H9N2 AIVs are also known to be zoonotic. The disease in humans appears to cause primarily a mild upper respiratory disease, and doesn't cause or only rarely causes the severe pneumonia often seen with other zoonotic AIVs like H5N1 or H7N9. Serologic studies in humans, particularly in occupationally exposed workers, show a large number of people with antibodies to H9N2, suggesting infection is commonly occurring. Of the four defined H9N2 poultry lineages, only two lineages, the G1 and the Y280 lineages, are associated with human infections. Almost all of the viruses from humans have a leucine at position 226 (H3 numbering) of the hemagglutinin associated with a higher affinity of binding with α2,6 sialic acid, the host cell receptor most commonly found on glycoproteins in the human upper respiratory tract. For unknown reasons there has also been a shift in recent years of poultry viruses in the G1 and Y280 lineages to also having leucine instead of glutamine, the amino acid found in most avian viruses, at position 226. The G1 and Y280 poultry lineages because of their known ability to infect humans, the high prevalence of the virus in poultry in endemic countries, the lack of antibody in most humans, and the shift of poultry viruses to more human-like receptor binding makes these viruses a human pandemic threat. Increased efforts for control of the virus, including through effective vaccine use in poultry, is warranted for both poultry and public health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Pusch
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
| | - David L Suarez
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
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14
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Dhingra MS, Artois J, Dellicour S, Lemey P, Dauphin G, Von Dobschuetz S, Van Boeckel TP, Castellan DM, Morzaria S, Gilbert M. Geographical and Historical Patterns in the Emergences of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5 and H7 Viruses in Poultry. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:84. [PMID: 29922681 PMCID: PMC5996087 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the emergence of novel H5 and H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAI) has been taking place through two main mechanisms: first, the conversion of a low pathogenic into a highly pathogenic virus, and second, the reassortment between different genetic segments of low and highly pathogenic viruses already in circulation. We investigated and summarized the literature on emerging HPAI H5 and H7 viruses with the aim of building a spatio-temporal database of all these recorded conversions and reassortments events. We subsequently mapped the spatio-temporal distribution of known emergence events, as well as the species and production systems that they were associated with, the aim being to establish their main characteristics. From 1959 onwards, we identified a total of 39 independent H7 and H5 LPAI to HPAI conversion events. All but two of these events were reported in commercial poultry production systems, and a majority of these events took place in high-income countries. In contrast, a total of 127 reassortments have been reported from 1983 to 2015, which predominantly took place in countries with poultry production systems transitioning from backyard to intensive production systems. Those systems are characterized by several co-circulating viruses, multiple host species, regular contact points in live bird markets, limited biosecurity within value chains, and frequent vaccination campaigns that impose selection pressures for emergence of novel reassortants. We conclude that novel HPAI emergences by these two mechanisms occur in different ecological niches, with different viral, environmental and host associated factors, which has implications in early detection and management and mitigation of the risk of emergence of novel HPAI viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur S Dhingra
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean Artois
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gwenaelle Dauphin
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Thomas P Van Boeckel
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Subhash Morzaria
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Marius Gilbert
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Ma MJ, Liu C, Wu MN, Zhao T, Wang GL, Yang Y, Gu HJ, Cui PW, Pang YY, Tan YY, Hang H, Lin B, Qin JC, Fang LQ, Cao WC, Cheng LL. Influenza A(H7N9) Virus Antibody Responses in Survivors 1 Year after Infection, China, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:663-672. [PMID: 29432091 PMCID: PMC5875250 DOI: 10.3201/eid2404.171995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A(H7N9) virus has caused 5 epidemic waves in China since its emergence in 2013. We investigated the dynamic changes of antibody response to this virus over 1 year postinfection in 25 patients in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, who had laboratory-confirmed infections during the fifth epidemic wave, October 1, 2016–February 14, 2017. Most survivors had relatively robust antibody responses that decreased but remained detectable at 1 year. Antibody response was variable; several survivors had low or undetectable antibody titers. Hemagglutination inhibition titer was >1:40 for <40% of the survivors. Measured in vitro in infected mice, hemagglutination inhibition titer predicted serum protective ability. Our findings provide a helpful serologic guideline for identifying subclinical infections and for developing effective vaccines and therapeutics to counter H7N9 virus infections.
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16
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Cai M, Huang J, Bu D, Yu Z, Fu X, Ji C, Zhou P, Zhang G. Molecular evolution of H1N1 swine influenza in Guangdong, China, 2016-2017. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:103-108. [PMID: 29477550 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Swine are the main host of the H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV), however, H1N1 can also infect humans and occasionally cause serious respiratory disease. To trace the evolution of the SIV in Guangdong, China, we performed an epidemic investigation during the period of 2016-2017. Nine H1N1 influenza viruses were isolated from swine nasal swabs. Antigenic analysis revealed that these viruses belonged to two distinct antigenic groups, represented by A/Swine/Guangdong/101/2016 and A/Swine/Guangdong/52/2017. Additionally, three genotypes, known as GD52/17-like, GD493/17-like and GD101/16-like, were identified by phylogenetic analysis. Importantly, the genotypes including a minimum of 4 pdm/09-origin internal genes have become prevalent in China in recent years. A total of 2966 swine serum samples were used to perform hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests, and the results showed that the seroprevalence values of SW/GD/101/16 (32.2% in 2016, 32.1% in 2017) were significantly higher than the seroprevalence values of SW/GD/52/17 (18.0% in 2016, 16.7% in 2017). Our study showed that the three reassortant genotypes of H1N1 SIV currently circulating in China are stable, but H1N1pdm09 poses challenges to human health by the introduction of internal genes into these reassortant genotypes. Strengthening SIV surveillance is therefore critical for SIV control and minimizing its potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dexin Bu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinliang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chihai Ji
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Development and application of a triplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of avian influenza virus subtype H5, H7 and H9. J Virol Methods 2017; 252:49-56. [PMID: 29129489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV), especially subtypes H5, H7 and H9, has contributed to enormous economic losses and poses a potential pandemic threat to global human public health. Early screening of suspected cases is key to controlling the spread of AIVs. In this study, an accurate, rapid, and triplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of AIV subtypes H5, H7 and H9. The sensitivity of the real-time PCR was at least 100 times higher than that of the conventional PCR, with a detection limit of 50 copies and an EID50 of 1 (50% egg infections dose) for the H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. The lack of cross-reaction with other avian respiratory viruses suggested that the real-time PCR assay was highly specific. The reproducibility of the assay was confirmed using plasmids containing targets genes. Furthermore, 362 clinical field samples were evaluated. Subtypes H5, H7 and H9 were detected in 102 (28.18%) samples by real-time PCR and in 35 (9.67%) samples by conventional virus isolation. These results indicate that the triplex real-time PCR assay has good sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility and that it might be useful for laboratory surveillance and rapid diagnosis of the H5, H7 and H9 subtypes of influenza A viruses.
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18
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Chen J, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Tan H, Liu M, Cai M, Shen J, Ly H, Chen J. First genome report and analysis of chicken H7N9 influenza viruses with poly-basic amino acids insertion in the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9972. [PMID: 28855633 PMCID: PMC5577273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the full-length sequence of two chicken source influenza A (H7N9) viruses found in Guangdong live poultry market (LPM) during the most recent wave of human infections (from October 2016 to the present time). These viruses carry insertion of poly-basic amino acids (KGKRTAR/G) at the protease cleavage site of the HA protein, which were previously found in the highly pathogenic (HP) human influenza A (H7N9) [IAV(H7N9)] strains. Phylogenetic analysis of these two novel avian influenza viruses (AIVs) suggested that their genomes reassorted between the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) clades. Molecular clock analysis indicated that they emerged several months before the HP human strains. Collectively, our results suggest that IAV(H7N9) viruses evolve in chickens through antigenic drift to include a signature HP sequence in the HA gene, which highlights challenges in risk assessment and public health management of IAV(H7N9) infections at the human-animal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wanjun Zhu
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yishan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hualong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Minfang Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaren Shen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Jianhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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19
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Turner JCM, Feeroz MM, Hasan MK, Akhtar S, Walker D, Seiler P, Barman S, Franks J, Jones-Engel L, McKenzie P, Krauss S, Webby RJ, Kayali G, Webster RG. Insight into live bird markets of Bangladesh: an overview of the dynamics of transmission of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e12. [PMID: 28270655 PMCID: PMC5378921 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses have been recognized as threats to public health in Bangladesh since 2007. Although live bird markets (LBMs) have been implicated in the transmission, dissemination, and circulation of these viruses, an in-depth analysis of the dynamics of avian transmission of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses at the human-animal interface has been lacking. Here we present and evaluate epidemiological findings from active surveillance conducted among poultry in various production sectors in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2016. Overall, the prevalence of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in collected samples was 24%. Our data show that AIVs are more prevalent in domestic birds within LBMs (30.4%) than in farms (9.6%). Quail, chickens and ducks showed a high prevalence of AIVs (>20%). The vast majority of AIVs detected (99.7%) have come from apparently healthy birds and poultry drinking water served as a reservoir of AIVs with a prevalence of 32.5% in collected samples. HPAI H5N1 was more frequently detected in ducks while H9N2 was more common in chickens and quail. LBMs, particularly wholesale markets, have become a potential reservoir for various types of AIVs, including HPAI H5N1 and LPAI H9N2. The persistence of AIVs in LBMs is of great concern to public health, and this study highlights the importance of regularly reviewing and implementing infection control procedures as a means of reducing the exposure of the general public to AIVs.Emerging Microbes & Infections (2017) 6, e12; doi:10.1038/emi.2016.142; published online 8 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine C M Turner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mohammed M Feeroz
- Department of Zoology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - M Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Sharmin Akhtar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David Walker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Patrick Seiler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Subrata Barman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - John Franks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lisa Jones-Engel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Pamela McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Richard J Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77459, USA
- Human Link, Hazmieh, Baabda 1107-2090, Lebanon
| | - Robert G Webster
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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20
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Characterizations of H4 avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks in live poultry markets and farm in Shanghai. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37843. [PMID: 27897216 PMCID: PMC5126664 DOI: 10.1038/srep37843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
H4 avian influenza virus is one of the most prevalent influenza virus subtypes in birds. The evolution and pathogenicity of H4 AIV in domestic birds of China remain largely unclear. In the present study, a total of eight H4 AIV strains isolated in duck farm and live poultry markets (LPM) were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these strains are divided into two groups in the Eurasian lineage. Eight genes of MH-2/H4N6 isolated from a duck farm were closely related to three H4N6 viruses from LPM, suggesting a potential AIV link between farms and LPMs. Additionally, the HA, NA, PB2, NP, and NS genes of two other H4N6 viruses isolated in LPM clustered with that of MH-2/H4N6. However, the remaining genes were more closely related to other sublineages, suggesting that MH-2/H4N6-originated viruses reassorted with other viruses in LPM. All H4 viruses replicated in mouse lungs without prior adaptation and all viruses replicated and transmitted among ducks. 29-1/H4N2, MH-2/H4N6, and 420-2/H4N6 viruses caused systemic infection in infected ducks. However, most of the viruses were not adapted in chickens. The present results indicate a potential correlation of AIV between LPMs and farms and suggest that active surveillance of AIV in LPM is warranted in China.
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Avian influenza A(H7N9) and (H5N1) infections among poultry and swine workers and the general population in Beijing, China, 2013-2015. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33877. [PMID: 27670286 PMCID: PMC5037362 DOI: 10.1038/srep33877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have reported seroprevalences of antibody against avian influenza A(H7N9) virus among poultry workers in southern China, results have varied and data in northern China are scarce. To understand risks of H7N9 and H5N1 virus infections in northern China, a serological cohort study was conducted. Poultry workers, swine workers and the general population in Beijing, China, were evaluated through three surveys in November 2013, April 2014 and April 2015. The highest seroprevalence to H7N9 virus among poultry workers was recorded in the April 2014 and April 2015 surveys (0.4%), while that to H5N1 clade 2.3.4 or clade 2.3.2.1 virus was noted in the April 2014 survey (1.6% and 0.2%, respectively). The incidence of H7N9 virus infections among poultry workers (1.6/1000 person-months) was significantly lower than that of H5N1 clade 2.3.4 infections (3.8/1000 person-months) but higher than that of H5N1 clade 2.3.2.1 infections (0.3/1000 person-months). Compared with the general population, poultry workers were at higher risk of contracting H7N9 virus (IRR: 34.90; p < 0.001) or H5N1 clade 2.3.4 virus (IRR: 10.58; p < 0.001). Although risks of H7N9 and H5N1 virus infections remain low in Beijing, continued preventive measures are warranted for poultry workers.
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Fang S, Bai T, Yang L, Wang X, Peng B, Liu H, Geng Y, Zhang R, Ma H, Zhu W, Wang D, Cheng J, Shu Y. Sustained live poultry market surveillance contributes to early warnings for human infection with avian influenza viruses. Emerg Microbes Infect 2016; 5:e79. [PMID: 27485495 PMCID: PMC5034097 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic human infections with the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N6) virus have been reported in different provinces in China since April 2014. From June 2015 to January 2016, routine live poultry market (LPM) surveillance was conducted in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. H5N6 viruses were not detected until November 2015. The H5N6 virus-positive rate increased markedly beginning in December 2015, and viruses were detected in LPMs in all districts of the city. Coincidently, two human cases with histories of poultry exposure developed symptoms and were diagnosed as H5N6-positive in Shenzhen during late December 2015 and early January 2016. Similar viruses were identified in environmental samples collected in the LPMs and the patients. In contrast to previously reported H5N6 viruses, viruses with six internal genes derived from the H9N2 or H7N9 viruses were detected in the present study. The increased H5N6 virus-positive rate in the LPMs and the subsequent human infections demonstrated that sustained LPM surveillance for avian influenza viruses provides an early warning for human infections. Interventions, such as LPM closures, should be immediately implemented to reduce the risk of human infection with the H5N6 virus when the virus is widely detected during LPM surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisong Fang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian Bai
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yijie Geng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renli Zhang
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanwu Ma
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Key Reference Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosafety, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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