1
|
Sieg M, Busch J, Böttcher D, Vahlenkamp TW. In Vitro Modeling of Feline Morbillivirus Infections Using Primary Feline Kidney Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:153-165. [PMID: 38743369 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Domestic cats are the natural host of feline morbilliviruses (FeMV). Although other species can also be infected (such as dogs and opossums), no laboratory animal infection model is established so far. In vitro models for studying the molecular pathogenesis are therefore needed. For this purpose, propagation and titration of FeMV are key techniques. Unlike other morbilliviruses, such as canine distemper virus (CDV) or measles virus (MV), FeMV is a slow growing virus in cell culture and is difficult to titrate using classical plaque techniques. Here we describe methods for the efficient isolation of FeMV from natural sources (e.g., urine), the propagation of viral stocks, and their titration. In addition, we establish the generation of a three-dimensional infection model mimicking the feline tubular epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sieg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Johannes Busch
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pennisi MG, Belák S, Tasker S, Addie DD, Boucraut-Baralon C, Egberink H, Frymus T, Hartmann K, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Lloret A, Marsilio F, Thiry E, Truyen U, Möstl K, Hosie MJ. Feline Morbillivirus: Clinical Relevance of a Widespread Endemic Viral Infection of Cats. Viruses 2023; 15:2087. [PMID: 37896864 PMCID: PMC10611265 DOI: 10.3390/v15102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was first isolated in 2012 from stray cats in Hong Kong. It has been found in association with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), the most common cause of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, viral host spectrum and virus tropism go beyond the domestic cat and kidney tissues. The viral genetic diversity of FeMV is extensive, but it is not known if this is clinically relevant. Urine and kidney tissues have been widely tested in attempts to confirm associations between FeMV infection and renal disease, but samples from both healthy and sick cats can test positive and some cross-sectional studies have not found associations between FeMV infection and CKD. There is also evidence for acute kidney injury following infection with FeMV. The results of prevalence studies differ greatly depending on the population tested and methodologies used for detection, but worldwide distribution of FeMV has been shown. Experimental studies have confirmed previous field observations that higher viral loads are present in the urine compared to other tissues, and renal TIN lesions associated with FeMV antigen have been demonstrated, alongside virus lymphotropism and viraemia-associated lymphopenia. Longitudinal field studies have revealed persistent viral shedding in urine, although infection can be cleared spontaneously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sándor Belák
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health (BVF), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7036, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Séverine Tasker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK;
- Linnaeus Veterinary Limited, Shirley, Solihull B90 4BN, UK
| | - Diane D. Addie
- Independent Researcher, 64000 Pyrénées Aquitaine, France;
| | | | - Herman Egberink
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Tadeusz Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGWW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katrin Hartmann
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Albert Lloret
- Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Etienne Thiry
- Veterinary Virology and Animal Viral Diseases, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Uwe Truyen
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Karin Möstl
- Institute of Virology, Department for Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Margaret J. Hosie
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Garscube Estate, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Seki F, Takeda M. Novel and classical morbilliviruses: Current knowledge of three divergent morbillivirus groups. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:552-563. [PMID: 36151905 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, seven species of morbillivirus have been classified. Six of these species (Measles morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, Small ruminant morbillivirus, Canine morbillivirus, Phocine morbillivirus, and Cetacean morbillivirus) are highly infectious and cause serious systemic diseases in humans, livestock, domestic dogs, and wild animals. These species commonly use the host proteins signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and nectin-4 as receptors, and this usage contributes to their virulence. The seventh species (Feline morbillivirus: FeMV) is phylogenetically divergent from the six SLAM-using species. FeMV differs from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group in pathogenicity and infectivity, and is speculated to use non-SLAM receptors. Recently, novel species of morbilliviruses have been discovered in bats, rodents, and domestic pigs. Because the ability to use SLAM and nectin-4 is closely related to the infectivity and pathogenicity of morbilliviruses, investigation of the potential usage of these receptors is useful for estimating infectivity and pathogenicity. The SLAM-binding sites in the receptor-binding protein show high similarity among the SLAM-using morbilliviruses. This feature may help to estimate whether novel morbillivirus species can use SLAM as a receptor. A novel morbillivirus species isolated from wild mice diverged from the classified morbilliviruses in the phylogenetic tree, forming a third group separate from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group and FeMV. This suggests that the novel rodent morbillivirus may exhibit a different risk from the SLAM-using morbillivirus group, and analyses of its viral pathogenicity and infectivity toward humans are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
FeMV is a cathepsin-dependent unique morbillivirus infecting the kidneys of domestic cats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209405119. [PMID: 36251995 PMCID: PMC9618091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209405119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is a recently discovered pathogen of domestic cats and has been classified as a morbillivirus in the Paramyxovirus family. We determined the complete sequence of FeMVUS5 directly from an FeMV-positive urine sample without virus isolation or cell passage. Sequence analysis of the viral genome revealed potential divergence from characteristics of archetypal morbilliviruses. First, the virus lacks the canonical polybasic furin cleavage signal in the fusion (F) glycoprotein. Second, conserved amino acids in the hemagglutinin (H) glycoprotein used by all other morbilliviruses for binding and/or fusion activation with the cellular receptor CD150 (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule [SLAM]/F1) are absent. We show that, despite this sequence divergence, FeMV H glycoprotein uses feline CD150 as a receptor and cannot use human CD150. We demonstrate that the protease responsible for cleaving the FeMV F glycoprotein is a cathepsin, making FeMV a unique morbillivirus and more similar to the closely related zoonotic Nipah and Hendra viruses. We developed a reverse genetics system for FeMVUS5 and generated recombinant viruses expressing Venus fluorescent protein from an additional transcription unit located either between the phospho-protein (P) and matrix (M) genes or the H and large (L) genes of the genome. We used these recombinant FeMVs to establish a natural infection and demonstrate that FeMV causes an acute morbillivirus-like disease in the cat. Virus was shed in the urine and detectable in the kidneys at later time points. This opens the door for long-term studies to address the postulated role of this morbillivirus in the development of chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
5
|
Meazzi S, Filipe J, Fiore A, Di Bella S, Mira F, Dall’Ara P. Agreement between In-Clinics and Virus Neutralization Tests in Detecting Antibodies against Canine Distemper Virus (CDV). Viruses 2022; 14:v14030517. [PMID: 35336924 PMCID: PMC8949878 DOI: 10.3390/v14030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Core vaccinations and specific antibody titer evaluations are strongly recommended worldwide by all the vaccination guidelines. Virus neutralization (VN) is considered the gold standard for measuring antibody titer against canine distemper virus, but it is complex and time consuming, and the use of in-clinics tests would allow to obtain quicker results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agreement of the commercial in-clinics VacciCheck test compared to VN. A total of 106 canine sera were analyzed using both methods. The best agreement was obtained using a protective threshold of ≥1:32. VacciCheck showed 95.5% sensitivity, 87.2% specificity, and 92.5% accuracy. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient between methods was 0.84 (CI 95% 0.73 to 0.95), revealing an optimal agreement between the two methods (p = 0.0073). The evaluation of discordant results reveal that most samples had less than 1.5 dilution difference, and that usually did not affect the classification as protected or non-protected. Results also suggest that, in dubious cases, especially when a protective result is expected, retesting is advisable. In conclusion, VacciCheck may be considered as a reliable instrument that may help the clinician in identifying the best vaccine protocol, avoiding unnecessary vaccination, and thus reducing the incidence of adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meazzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250334174
| | - Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
| | - Santina Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Mira
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “A. Mirri”, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (S.D.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Paola Dall’Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (J.F.); (A.F.); (P.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Antivirals targeting paramyxovirus membrane fusion. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 51:34-47. [PMID: 34592709 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family includes enveloped single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses such as measles, mumps, human parainfluenza, canine distemper, Hendra, and Nipah viruses, which cause a tremendous global health burden. The ability of paramyxoviral glycoproteins to merge viral and host membranes allows entry of the viral genome into host cells, as well as cell-cell fusion, an important contributor to disease progression. Recent molecular and structural advances in our understanding of the paramyxovirus membrane fusion machinery gave rise to various therapeutic approaches aiming at inhibiting viral infection, spread, and cytopathic effects. These therapeutic approaches include peptide mimics, antibodies, and small molecule inhibitors with various levels of success at inhibiting viral entry, increasing the potential of effective antiviral therapeutic development.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Yostawonkul J, Boonrungsiman S, Kasantikul T, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Renal epitheliotropism of feline morbillivirus in two cats. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:127-131. [PMID: 34521287 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211045441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association of feline morbillivirus (FeMV) with kidney disease in cats is controversial. Two cats with a history of severe hematuria had eosinophilic inclusion-like bodies in the renal tubular epithelial cells, without any inflammatory cellular reaction. Ultrastructurally, aggregations of electron-dense viral-like particles were found where the inclusion-like bodies were located. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using antibodies against FeMV matrix protein labeled these inclusion-like bodies, and also labeled the cytoplasm of tracheal and bronchiolar epithelial cells, and lymphocytes and macrophages in spleen and mesenteric lymph node. Using double IHC, FeMV antigen was detected in astroglia and oligodendroglia but not in microglia. Phylogenetic characterization of the fusion and hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed FeMV-1A genotypes in both cats. These findings indicated an active viral infection with FeMV. We propose that FeMV is a renal epitheliotropic virus and also localizes in various other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jakarwan Yostawonkul
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Boonrungsiman
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Donato G, Masucci M, De Luca E, Alibrandi A, De Majo M, Berjaoui S, Martino C, Mangano C, Lorusso A, Pennisi MG. Feline Morbillivirus in Southern Italy: Epidemiology, Clinico-Pathological Features and Phylogenetic Analysis in Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081449. [PMID: 34452315 PMCID: PMC8402783 DOI: 10.3390/v13081449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was isolated for the first time in 2012 with an association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggested. This study aimed at investigating in cats from southern Italy FeMV prevalence and risk factors for exposure to FeMV, including the relationship with CKD; sequencing amplicons and analyzing phylogeny of PCR positive samples. Blood serum, K3EDTA blood and urine samples from 223 cats were investigated. Ten carcasses were also evaluated. FeMV RNA was detected in 2.4% (5/211) blood and 16.1% (36/223) urine samples. One carcass tested positive by qPCRFeMV from kidney, urinary bladder, and submandibular lymph nodes. Antibodies against FeMV were detected in 14.5% (28/193) cats. We followed up 27 cats (13 FeMV positive cats) and documented in some cases urine shedding after up to 360 days. Older and foundling cats and cats living in rescue catteries, were more frequently infected with FeMV. A significant correlation between FeMV and higher serum creatinine values or low urine specific gravity was found. FeMV positivity was significantly associated with retroviral infection, and the presence of some clinical signs apart from CKD clinicopathological markers. Our study highlights the possibility of a link between FeMV exposure and CKD and a general impairment of feline health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (C.M.); (M.G.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marisa Masucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (C.M.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Eliana De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy; (E.D.L.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economy, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Massimo De Majo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (C.M.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy; (E.D.L.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Camillo Martino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy; (E.D.L.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Cyndi Mangano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (C.M.); (M.G.P.)
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy; (E.D.L.); (S.B.); (C.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria Grazia Pennisi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; (M.M.); (M.D.M.); (C.M.); (M.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Muratore E, Cerutti F, Colombino E, Biasibetti E, Caruso C, Brovida C, Cavana P, Poncino L, Caputo MP, Peletto S, Masoero L, Capucchio MT. Feline morbillivirus in northwestern Italy: first detection of genotype 1-B. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:584-591. [PMID: 33140998 PMCID: PMC10741291 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x20969360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A novel morbillivirus was recently described in stray and domestic cats in Asia, the USA and Europe. Most cats infected with feline morbillivirus (FeMV) showed lower urinary tract or kidney disease. Although the association of FeMV infection and kidney diseases has been suggested, the virus pathogenicity remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of FeMV infection, as well as the relationship between FeMV infection and kidney diseases in cats from northwestern Italy. METHODS A total of 153 urine samples (150 individuals and three pools) and 50 kidney samples were collected and included in the study; total RNA was extracted and a reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was performed in order to identify FeMV. Kidneys were also submitted to anatomopathological examination. Phylogenetic analysis and isolation attempts were carried out on positive samples. In FeMV-positive cats, urinalysis and blood analysis were performed. RESULTS FeMV RNA was detected in 7.3% of urine samples and in 8% of kidney samples, both in healthy cats and in cats with clinical signs/post-mortem lesions compatible with kidney disease. At histopathological examination, tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was shown in 3/4 positive kidney samples, but a clear relationship between FeMV and TIN was not observed. Isolation attempts were unsuccessful, although the urine sample of one castrated male cat hosted in a cattery showed a positive signal in RT-qPCR until the fourth cell passage. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this FeMV strain belonged to genotype 1-B. In the same cattery, a second genotype 1-B variant was detected from a urine pool. Urinalysis showed proteinuria in three cats, while at blood analysis three cats presented altered creatinine levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Data reported suggest the presence of a FeMV sub-cluster distinct from the strain previously isolated in Italy, whose role in renal disorders remains uncertain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Muratore
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute
of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Cerutti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute
of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences,
University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Elena Biasibetti
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute
of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Caruso
- ASL CN1 – Animal Health, Racconigi
District, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences,
University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Laura Poncino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences,
University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Simone Peletto
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute
of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Loretta Masoero
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute
of Piedmont, Liguria and Aosta Valley, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences,
University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
- Institute of Science of Food Production,
National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lavorente FLP, de Matos AMRN, Lorenzetti E, Oliveira MV, Pinto-Ferreira F, Michelazzo MDMZ, Viana NE, Lunardi M, Headley SA, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. First detection of Feline morbillivirus infection in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris, Lund, 1840), a non-feline host. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1426-1437. [PMID: 33872470 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline Morbillivirus (FeMV) was first detected in 2012 in domestic cats from Hong Kong and was found to be associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease. In subsequent studies in other countries, FeMV was detected in asymptomatic cats. However, it is not clear whether FeMV plays a role as a pathogen in the kidney diseases of cats, and other epidemiological data are still unknown. To date, studies have reported the presence of FeMV exclusively in domestic cats. This study is the first molecular detection of the FeMV RNA associated with pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a synanthropic marsupial, the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), inhabiting peri-urban areas of north-central Parana, Southern Brazil. Molecular techniques identified the viral RNA in the lungs and kidneys. Histopathologic evaluation of these tissues revealed interstitial pneumonia in the lungs with lymphocytic nephritis and tubular necrosis in the kidneys. Immunohistochemistry assays detected positive intralesional immunoreactivity to N protein of FeMV within the lungs and kidneys. A FeMV opossum strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney lineage cells, resulting in syncytia formation and cell death. Therefore, these results support the ability of FeMV to infect other mammal species and reinforce the possibility of the opossum to be a disseminator of this virus among domestic and wild animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mello Zanin Michelazzo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
De Luca E, Sautto GA, Crisi PE, Lorusso A. Feline Morbillivirus Infection in Domestic Cats: What Have We Learned So Far? Viruses 2021; 13:v13040683. [PMID: 33921104 PMCID: PMC8071394 DOI: 10.3390/v13040683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was identified for the first time in stray cats in 2012 in Hong Kong and, since its discovery, it was reported in domestic cats worldwide. Although a potential association between FeMV infection and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) has been suggested, this has not been proven, and the subject remains controversial. TIN is the most frequent histopathological finding in the context of feline chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is one of the major clinical pathologies in feline medicine. FeMV research has mainly focused on defining the epidemiology, the role of FeMV in the development of CKD, and its in vitro tropism, but the pathogenicity of FeMV is still not clear, partly due to its distinctive biological characteristics, as well as to a lack of a cell culture system for its rapid isolation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of FeMV infection, including genetic diversity of FeMV strains, epidemiology, pathogenicity, and clinicopathological findings observed in naturally infected cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | | | - Paolo Emidio Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Hospital, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), 64100 Teramo, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0861332440
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Seroprevalence of Infection with Feline Morbilliviruses Is Associated with FLUTD and Increased Blood Creatinine Concentrations in Domestic Cats. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040578. [PMID: 33808115 PMCID: PMC8065871 DOI: 10.3390/v13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline morbilliviruses (FeMV) are fairly newly discovered paramyxoviruses found in cats. The first description indicated an association with widely distributed chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the host species. In various studies, a global prevalence and a further genotype, designated FeMV-2, and the involvement of other organ systems in infected individuals were shown. Using an immunofluorescence assay, we detected an overall seroprevalence of FeMV in almost half of the cats investigated (n = 380), with a significantly increased proportion in younger animals. In comparison to European Shorthair cats, the rate of seropositivity is higher in pedigree cats. Regardless of the breed, FeMV infection was associated with increased blood creatinine concentrations, suggesting an association with CKD. Further analysis indicated that this association was the strongest in animals having high IFA titers against FeMV-2. In addition, a significant association between FeMV-positive status and the prevalence of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD, or idiopathic cystitis) was detected. This association was dominated by cats having antibodies against FeMV-1 only. To further evaluate the positive correlation between FeMV seroprevalence and CKD as well as FLUTD, consideration of additional clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters is warranted, and controlled infection studies with both FeMV genotypes are necessary. Clinicians should, however, be aware of a possible link between renal and lower urinary tract disease and FeMV infections.
Collapse
|
13
|
Makhtar ST, Tan SW, Nasruddin NA, Abdul Aziz NA, Omar AR, Mustaffa-Kamal F. Development of TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay based on N gene for the quantitative detection of feline morbillivirus. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:128. [PMID: 33757494 PMCID: PMC7987112 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Morbilliviruses are categorized under the family of Paramyxoviridae and have been associated with severe diseases, such as Peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper and measles with evidence of high morbidity and/or could cause major economic loss in production of livestock animals, such as goats and sheep. Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is one of the members of Morbilliviruses that has been speculated to cause chronic kidney disease in cats even though a definite relationship is still unclear. To date, FeMV has been detected in several continents, such as Asia (Japan, China, Thailand, Malaysia), Europe (Italy, German, Turkey), Africa (South Africa), and South and North America (Brazil, Unites States). This study aims to develop a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay targeting the N gene of FeMV in clinical samples to detect early phase of FeMV infection. Results A specific assay was developed, since no amplification was observed in viral strains from the same family of Paramyxoviridae, such as canine distemper virus (CDV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and measles virus (MeV), and other feline viruses, such as feline coronavirus (FCoV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). The lower detection limit of the assay was 1.74 × 104 copies/μL with Cq value of 34.32 ± 0.5 based on the cRNA copy number. The coefficient of variations (CV) values calculated for both intra- and inter-assay were low, ranging from 0.34–0.53% and 1.38–2.03%, respectively. In addition, the clinical sample evaluation using this assay showed a higher detection rate, with 25 (35.2%) clinical samples being FeMV-positive compared to 11 (15.5%) using conventional RT-PCR, proving a more sensitive assay compared to the conventional RT-PCR. Conclusions The TaqMan-based real-time RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene described in this study is more sensitive, specific, rapid, and reproducible compared to the conventional RT-PCR assay targeting the N gene, which could be used to detect early infection in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Tasnim Makhtar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Amalina Nasruddin
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farina Mustaffa-Kamal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Balbo LC, Fritzen JTT, Lorenzetti E, Medeiros TNS, Jardim AM, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. Molecular characterization of Feline paramyxovirus and Feline morbillivirus in cats from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:961-965. [PMID: 33483894 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00434-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at detecting Feline paramyxovirus (FPaV) and Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) in 35 urine samples from domestic cats, collected in 2019, with or without clinical signs of uropathies using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (SN-PCR) assays to amplify a partial paramyxovirus L gene. Eight (22.9%) out of the 35 urine samples were positive for paramyxoviruses. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that three samples were positive for FPaV, four samples were positive for FeMV, and it was not possible to determine which virus was present in one RT-SN-PCR positive urine sample. FPaV strains showed 100% nucleotide (nt) identity with each other and 97% nt identity with a Japanese 163 FPaV strain. The FeMV strains showed 85.9% nt identity with each other; three strains were similar to previously described Brazilian FeMV strains, and one strain clustered in a different branch of the phylogenetic tree together with the first described Chinese FeMV strain. This study provides the first description of FPaV strains in cats from Brazil and provides new information about the molecular characteristics of FPaV and FeMV strains circulating in domestic cats in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C Balbo
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana T T Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Andressa M Jardim
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR455 Km 380, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Darold GM, Alfieri AA, Araújo JP, da Cruz TF, Bertti KMDLB, da Silva GCP, Amude AM, Muraro LS, Lavorente FLP, Lunardi M. High genetic diversity of paramyxoviruses infecting domestic cats in Western Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:3453-3462. [PMID: 33295141 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus was discovered in 2012 in cats from Hong Kong, and it was initially found to be associated with chronic kidney disease. Although subsequent molecular surveys showed a common occurrence in cat populations from distinct countries, there were controversial results regarding the relationship between viral shedding through urine and reduced kidney function. In this study, 276 domestic cats of diverse origins from Western Brazil had their urine evaluated for the presence of paramyxoviral RNA by reverse transcription seminested PCR and direct sequencing. Additionally, a selected Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney cells, and a nearly complete genome sequence was obtained. To assess the kidney function of all cats, serum biochemistry screening and standard urinalysis were performed. Our results revealed a relatively high paramyxovirus-positive rate (34.7%) in the evaluated cats although there was not a statistical association between the shedding of viral RNA through urine and kidney disease. Direct sequencing of partial fragments of the L gene demonstrated high genetic diversity among strains detected in cats in this study, since both feline morbillivirus RNA and feline paramyxovirus RNA were frequently shed in urine. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on partial amino acid sequences of the L gene showed that Brazilian feline paramyxovirus strains were genetically diverse since they grouped into two distinct subclusters; one subcluster contained three strains identified in Germany, while the second contained Japanese strain 163, which was recently classified in the Jeilongvirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. In contrast, the Brazilian feline morbillivirus strain FeMV/BR_Boni, herein characterized by nearly complete genome sequencing, was classified in the Morbillivirus genus with other strains previously identified as genotype 1. In conclusion, urinary excretion of diverse paramyxoviral RNA is frequent in cats of different origins from Western Brazil, but viral infection is not related to altered kidney function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araújo
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Taís Fukuta da Cruz
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBTEC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Mendes Amude
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Lívia Saab Muraro
- Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | - Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá (UNIC), Cuiabá, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Busch J, Sacristán I, Cevidanes A, Millán J, Vahlenkamp TW, Napolitano C, Sieg M. High seroprevalence of feline morbilliviruses in free-roaming domestic cats in Chile. Arch Virol 2020; 166:281-285. [PMID: 33216214 PMCID: PMC7815546 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus infections have gained increased attention due to repeated reports of their association with urinary tract disease in cats. In the present study, 112 serum samples from free-roaming domestic cats in Chile were tested for antibodies against feline morbillivirus genotypes 1 and 2 (FeMV-1 and FeMV-2) using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In total, 63% of the animals showed antibodies against one or both FeMV genotypes. Antibodies directed exclusively against FeMV-2 were significantly more prevalent in male cats. The correlation of sex and FeMV-2 infection might give insight into potential routes of transmission. We provide, for the first time, serological data on FeMV in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Busch
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irene Sacristán
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aitor Cevidanes
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Millán
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Miguel Servet 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundación ARAID, Avda. de Ranillas, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas W Vahlenkamp
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constanza Napolitano
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Los Lagos, Av. Fuchslocher 1305, Osorno, Chile. .,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Michael Sieg
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chaiyasak S, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Molecular epidemiology and genome analysis of feline morbillivirus in household and shelter cats in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:240. [PMID: 32660481 PMCID: PMC7359279 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) has been discovered in domestic cats associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis, but FeMV is also detected in healthy cats. This research aimed to identify and characterize the FeMV strains detected in a Thai cat population. Results Two-hundred and ninety-two samples (131 urine and 161 blood) derived from 261 cats (61 sheltered and 200 household cats) were included for investigating the FeMV prevalence using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The overall prevalence of FeMV detection was 11.9% (31/261) among both samples, which accounted for 14.5% (19/131) and 7.5% (12/161) of the urine and blood samples, respectively. Among the FeMV-PCR positive cats, the FeMV-detected prevalence was insignificantly associated with healthy cats (58.1%; 18/31) or urologic cats (41.9%; 13/31). Full-length genome analysis of these FeMV-Thai strains revealed that their genomes clustered together in the FeMV-1A clade with up to 98.5% nucleotide identity. Selective pressure analysis showed that overall FeMV-1 has undergone negative selection, while positive selection sites were more frequently observed in the phosphoprotein gene. Conclusions The detected FeMV infections in the Thai cat population were not correlated with urologic disorders, although the virus was more detectable in urine samples. The genetic patterns among the FeMV-1 Thai strains were more consistent. A large-scale study of FeMV in Thai cat samples is needed for further elucidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surangkanang Chaiyasak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
First report of feline morbillivirus in mainland China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1837-1841. [PMID: 32447623 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging member of the family Paramyxoviridae that is suspected to be involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD). FeMV was first discovered in Hong Kong in 2012 and has subsequently been detected in many countries. However, the prevalence of FeMV in mainland China is still unclear. To clarify the present status and examine the genetic diversity of FeMV in mainland China, in this study, we collected cat urine samples in veterinary hospitals in Guangdong Province in 2017 and 2018. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, we found that the urine of six out of 64 cats tested positive for FeMV RNA. Sequencing and genetic analysis of the FeMV L gene showed that FeMV in mainland China is genetically diverse, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the viruses segregated into two clusters. Two isolates, GD5 and GD6, grouped in a branch that was separate from the one containing other previously reported FeMV isolates. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of FeMV in China.
Collapse
|
19
|
Feline Morbillivirus, a New Paramyxovirus Possibly Associated with Feline Kidney Disease. Viruses 2020; 12:v12050501. [PMID: 32370044 PMCID: PMC7290405 DOI: 10.3390/v12050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) was first isolated in stray cats in Hong Kong in 2012. Since its discovery, the virus has been reported in domestic cats worldwide, including in Hong Kong, Japan, Italy, US, Brazil, Turkey, UK, Germany, and Malaysia. FeMV is classified in the Morbillivirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae family. FeMV research has focused primarily on determining the host range, symptoms, and characteristics of persistent infections in vitro. Importantly, there is a potential association between FeMV infection and feline kidney diseases, such as tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD), which are known to significantly affect feline health and survival. However, the tropism and viral entry mechanism(s) of FeMV remain unknown. In this review, we summarize the FeMV studies up to date, including the discoveries of various FeMV strains, basic virology, pathogenicity, and disease signs.
Collapse
|
20
|
De Luca E, Crisi PE, Marcacci M, Malatesta D, Di Sabatino D, Cito F, D'Alterio N, Puglia I, Berjaoui S, Colaianni ML, Tinelli A, Ripà P, Vincifori G, Di Teodoro G, Dondi F, Savini G, Boari A, Lorusso A. Epidemiology, pathological aspects and genome heterogeneity of feline morbillivirus in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108484. [PMID: 31902482 PMCID: PMC7127367 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of FeMV in feline colonies was higher with respect household cats. FeMVs of this study belong to the genotype 1 and segregate into two clusters. Isolation has been confirmed to be difficult and time consuming. No statistically significant correlation was found between FeMV infection and TIN. Virus histochemistry revealed immunoreactivity in lungs, kidneys and brain sections.
Feline morbillivirus (FeMV) is an emerging morbillivirus first described in cats less than a decade ago. FeMV has been associated with chronic kidney disease of cats characterized by tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), although this aspect is still controversial and not demonstrated with certainty. To investigate FeMV prevalence and genomic characteristics, an epidemiological survey was conducted in a total number of 127 household cats originating from two Italian regions, Abruzzi and Emilia-Romagna. A total number of 69 cats originating from three feline colonies were also enrolled for the study. Correlation with TIN was investigated by employing a total number of 35 carcasses. Prevalence of FeMV RNA was higher in urine samples collected from cats of colonies (P = 31.8%, CI 95% 22.1–43.6) compared to household cats (P = 8.66%, CI 95% 4.9–14.9) and in young and middle-aged cats while prevalence of FeMV Abs was higher in old cats. Sequences obtained straight from infected biological samples, either partial or complete, cluster into two clades within FeMV genotype 1, distantly related to FeMV genotype 2. Immunohistochemistry analysis of kidney sections of FeMV RNA positive cats revealed immunoreactivity within epithelial cells of renal tubuli and inflammatory cells. However, statistically significant association between FeMV and renal damages, including TIN, was not demonstrated (p= 0.0695, Fisher exact test). By virus histochemistry performed with FeMV-negative feline tissues and a FeMV isolate, tropism for different cellular types such as inflammatory cells residing in blood vessels of kidney and brain, airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and to a lesser extent, the central nervous system, was demonstrated. Additional studies are warranted in order to establish viral tropism and immune response during the early phases of infection and to disentangle the role of FeMV in co-infection processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Maurilia Marcacci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Daria Di Sabatino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Cito
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Nicola D'Alterio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puglia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Tinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Ripà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Vincifori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Teodoro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Savini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Boari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e Molise (IZSAM), Teramo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|