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Xie R, Cao B, Wu Z, Ouyang Y, Chen H, Zhai W, Liu ZX, Xu M, Guo G. dbEBV: A database of Epstein-Barr virus variants and their correlations with human health. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:2076-2082. [PMID: 38803518 PMCID: PMC11128781 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was discovered in 1964, it has been reported to be associated with various malignancies as well as benign diseases, and the pathogenicity of EBV has been widely studied. Several databases have been established to provide comprehensive information on the virus and its relation to diseases and introduce convenient analysis tools. Although they have greatly facilitated the analysis of EBV at the genome, gene, protein, or epitope level, they did not provide enough insight into the genomic variants of EBV, which have been suggested as relevant to diseases by multiple studies. Here, we introduce dbEBV, a comprehensive database of EBV genomic variation landscape, which contains 942 EBV genomes with 109,893 variants from different tissues or cell lines in 24 countries. The database enables the visualization of information with varying global frequencies and their relationship with the human health of each variant. It also supports phylogenetic analysis at the genome or gene level in subgroups of different characteristics. Information of interest can easily be reached with functions such as searching, browsing, and filtering. In conclusion, dbEBV is a convenient resource for exploring EBV genomic variants, freely available at http://dbebv.omicsbio.info.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Bijin Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Shenzhen Longgang District Central Blood Station, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Weiwei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ze-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
| | - Guanghui Guo
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen 518115, China
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Fang M, Li S, Mao Z, Liu X, Wang X, Lu S. A retrospective study on intracranial mixed infection with tuberculous meningitis in Shenzhen, China. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0374723. [PMID: 38767391 PMCID: PMC11218455 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03747-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a prevalent global intracranial infection and the most lethal and disabling form of tuberculosis. TBM with mixed intracranial infections is clinically rare but has a higher mortality rate. To investigate the clinical characteristics of TBM with mixed intracranial infections, demographic and clinical data of TBM and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients admitted to Shenzhen Third People's Hospital between January 2015 and October 2022 were collected anonymously. A total of 207 cases of TBM were diagnosed, of which 16 cases (7.73%) were TBM with mixed intracranial infections. The overall mortality rate of TBM cases was 16.4%, while the mortality rate of TBM cases with mixed intracranial infections was as high as 35.7%. Compared to simple TBM cases, TBM cases with mixed intracranial infections had severer clinical symptoms. The percentage of human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-positive TBM cases with mixed intracranial infections reached up to 68.8%. HIV co-infection, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts less than 1, cranial nerve impairment, paralysis, cerebral infarction, PRO less than 450 mg/L, WBC less than 10 × 106 /L, and CL more than 120 mmol/L were risk factors for TBM cases with mixed intracranial infections. Compared to PTB, HIV co-infection, CD4+ T cell less than 550 /uL, and age less than 45 years were risk factors for TBM, and TBM was associated with higher mortality rates. Our study provides additional data to better understand single TBM and TBM with mixed intracranial infections. More than two-thirds of TBM cases with mixed intracranial infections were HIV-positive. Clinicians should consider the possibility of multiple infections in people with TBM/HIV co-infection. IMPORTANCE TBM can cause severe neurological damage and death, and TBM with mixed intracranial infections can exacerbate the damage and poor prognosis of the disease. TBM with mixed intracranial infections is a rare disease, which has led to an incomplete understanding of its clinical features. This study investigated the clinical features of TBM and its associated factors by comparing the characteristics of TBM with mixed intracranial infections, single TBM and pulmonary tuberculosis. This information will help to improve the understanding of TBM, diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutong Fang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sinian Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Mao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuihua Lu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Alanazi AE, Alhumaidy AA, Almutairi H, Awadalla ME, Alkathiri A, Alarjani M, Aldawsari MA, Maniah K, Alahmadi RM, Alanazi BS, Eifan S, Alosaimi B. Evolutionary analysis of LMP-1 genetic diversity in EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Bioinformatic insights into oncogenic potential. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 120:105586. [PMID: 38508363 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is an important oncogene involved in the induction and maintenance of EBV infection and the activation of several cell survival and proliferative pathways. The genetic diversity of LMP-1 has an important role in immunogenicity and tumorigenicity allowing escape from host cell immunity and more metastatic potential of LMP-1 variants. This study explored the evolutionary of LMP-1 in EBV-infected patients at an advanced stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Detection of genetic variability in LMP-1 genes was carried out using Sanger sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis was conducted for translation and nucleotide alignment. Phylogenetic analysis was used to construct a Bayesian tree for a deeper understanding of the genetic relationships, evolutionary connections, and variations between sequences. Genetic characterization of LMP-1 in NPC patients revealed the detection of polymorphism in LMP-1 Sequences. Motifs were identified within three critical LMP-1 domains, such as PQQAT within CTAR1 and YYD within CTAR2. The presence of the JACK3 region at specific sites within CTAR3, as well as repeat regions at positions (122-132) and (133-143) within CTAR3, was also annotated. Additionally, several mutations were detected including 30 and 69 bp deletions, 33 bp repeats, and 15 bp insertion. Although LMP-1 strains appear to be genetically diverse, they are closely related to 3 reference strains: prototype B95.8, Med- 30 bp deletion, and Med + 30 bp deletion. In our study, one of the strains harboring the 30 bp deletion had both bone and bone marrow metastasis which could be attributed to the fact that LMP-1 is involved in tumor metastasis, evasion and migration of NPC cells. This study provided valuable insights into genetic variability in LMP-1 sequences of EBV in NPC patients. Further functional studies would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular characteristics, epidemiology, and clinical implications of LMP-1 polymorphisms in EBV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah E Alanazi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hatim Almutairi
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Public Health Authority, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaweya E Awadalla
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alkathiri
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Modhi Alarjani
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesfer Abdullah Aldawsari
- Department of Health Education, Alyamamah Hospital, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Maniah
- Department of Biology, King Khalid Military Academy, Riyadh 22140, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham M Alahmadi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader S Alanazi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Eifan
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Heath Cluster, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia.
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Zealiyas K, Teshome S, Haile AF, Weigel C, Alemu A, Amogne W, Yimer G, Abebe T, Berhe N, Ahmed EH, Baiocchi RA. Genotype characterization of Epstein-Barr virus among adults living with human immunodeficiency virus in Ethiopia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270824. [PMID: 38029140 PMCID: PMC10644458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human lymphotropic herpesvirus with a causative agent in cancer. There are two genotypes of EBV (EBV genotype 1 and EBV genotype 2) that have been shown to infect humans. This study aimed to characterize the EBV genotype among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) and HIV-negative individuals in Ethiopia. Methods DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) targeting EBNA3C genes was performed for genotyping. A quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) assay for EBV DNA (EBNA1 ORF) detection and viral load quantification was performed. Statistical significance was determined at a value of p < 0.05. Result In this study, 155 EBV-seropositive individuals were enrolled, including 128 PWH and 27 HIV-negative individuals. Among PWH, EBV genotype 1 was the most prevalent (105/128, 82.0%) genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2 (17/128, 13.3%), and mixed infection (6/128, 4.7%). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.23 copies/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 3.76-4.46], whereas it was 3.84 copies/ml (IQR: 3.74-4.02) in the HIV-negative group. The EBV viral load in PWH was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative individuals (value of p = 0.004). In PWH, the median log10 of EBV viral load was 4.25 copies/ml (IQR: 3.83-4.47) in EBV genotype 1 and higher than EBV genotype 2 and mixed infection (p = 0.032). Conclusion In Ethiopia, EBV genotype 1 was found to be the most predominant genotype, followed by EBV genotype 2. Understanding the genotype characterization of EBV in PWH is essential for developing new and innovative strategies for preventing and treating EBV-related complications in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kidist Zealiyas
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Seifegebriel Teshome
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Feleke Haile
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Christoph Weigel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ayinalem Alemu
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Amogne
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Yimer
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Genetics, Penn Center for Global Genomics & Health Equity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tamrat Abebe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elshafa Hassan Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert A. Baiocchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Smirnova KV, Lubenskaya AK, Senyuta NB, Dushenkina TE, Gurtsevitch VE. [Epstein-Barr virus (Herpesviridae: Lymphocryptovirus) types 1 and 2 and other viral markers in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two geographically and ethnically distinct regions of Russia]. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:291-301. [PMID: 38156586 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The discovery of two types of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (EBV-1 and EBV-2) that have different biological properties stimulated the search for neoplasms associated with each type of the virus. The aim of the work is to study the nature of the association of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) with EBV-1 and EBV-2, serological activity for each viral type and the concentration of EBV DNA in the blood plasma of two gender, age and ethnic groups of NPC patients that represent geographically and climatically different regions of Russia,. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the blood plasma of patients with NPC and other non- EBV associated tumors of oral cavity (OTOCEBV-) from the North Caucasian (NCFD) and Central (CFD) Federal Districts of Russia, the types of EBV and the concentration of viral DNA were determined using respectively «nested» and real time PCR; titers of IgG and IgA antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA) were measured in indirect immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS The blood plasma samples testing showed that NPC and OTOCEBV- patients were infected with both types of EBV in approximately equal proportions. In two groups of NPC patients infected with one of the virus types only, EBV-1 or EBV-2, respectively, no statistically significant differences were found between the geometric mean values of IgG and IgA anti-EBV antibody titers and viral DNA concentrations in blood plasma. The distribution of virus types was not affected by either patient gender or ethnogeographic origin. The difference was found only between age groups: EBV-2 dominated in NPC patients up to 60 years, and EBV-1 was prevalent in patients over 60 years. CONCLUSION The lack of the predominance of one of EBV types in NPC patients that are the representatives of different ethnic groups from geographically and climatically different regions, suggests that none of these factors play an important role in the NPC carcinogenesis. Evidently, each type of EBV, EBV-1 or EBV-2, if the necessary conditions arise, are able to exhibit its oncogenic potential to initiate tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Smirnova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba
- N.I. Pirogov National Research Medical University
| | - A K Lubenskaya
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
| | - N B Senyuta
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
| | - T E Dushenkina
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology
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Miljanovic D, Cirkovic A, Jermic I, Basaric M, Lazarevic I, Grk M, Miskovic R, Despotovic A, Banko A. Markers of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Association with the Onset and Poor Control of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1958. [PMID: 37630516 PMCID: PMC10459700 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the connection between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been studied for over 40 years, many questions still need clarification. The study aimed to analyze the possible association between anti-EBV antibody titers, EBV DNA viremia, EBV infection status and EBNA1 (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1-EBNA1) variants and clinical parameters of RA patients. This prospective cohort study included 133 RA patients and 50 healthy controls. Active/recent EBV infection was more prevalent in RA patients than in controls (42% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). RA patients had higher titers of anti-EBV-CA-IgM (capsid antigen-CA) and anti-EBV-EA(D)-IgG (early antigen-EA) antibodies than controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.023, respectively). Lower levels of anti-EBNA1-IgG and anti-EBV-CA-IgG were observed in RA patients who received methotrexate (anti-EBNA1 IgG p < 0.001; anti-EBV-CA IgG p < 0.001). Based on amino acid residue on position 487, two EBNA1 prototypes were detected: P-Thr and P-Ala. Patients with active/recent EBV infection had a five times more chance of having RA and a nearly six times more chance of getting RA. Also, EBV active/recent infection is twice more likely in newly diagnosed than in methotrexate-treated patients. Further studies are needed to clarify "who is the chicken and who is the egg" in this EBV-RA relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Miljanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Andja Cirkovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ivica Jermic
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Milica Basaric
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.J.); (M.B.)
| | - Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Milka Grk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Rada Miskovic
- Clinic of Allergy and Immunology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksa Despotovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ana Banko
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.L.); (A.B.)
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Ampofo-Asiedu J, Tagoe EA, Abrahams DOA, Petershie B, Quaye O. Epstein-Barr virus genotype-1 and Mediterranean + strain in gastric cancer biopsies of Ghanaian patients. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1221-1228. [PMID: 37417205 PMCID: PMC10621474 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) prevalence is on the increase in Ghana, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the factors that have been implicated in the etiology of the cancer. It is therefore important to know the contribution of EBV genotype and strains that are associated with GC. In this study, we aimed at genotyping EBV and determining predominant strains in GC biopsies in Ghanaian patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from 55 GC biopsies (cases) and 63 normal gastric tissues (controls) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for EBV detection and genotyping followed by PCR fragments sequencing. Epstein-Barr virus positivity were 67.3% and 49.2% in the GC and normal biopsies, respectively. Both cases and controls had the Mediterranean + strain of EBV. The predominant genotype of the virus in the GC cases was genotype-1 (75.7%) compared to 66.7% of genotype-2 among the control group. Infection was associated with GC in the study population (OR = 2.11, P = 0.014, 95% CI: 1.19 - 3.75), and EBV genotype-1 significantly increased the risk of GC (OR = 5.88, P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 3.18-10.88). The mean EBV load in the cases (3.507 ± 0.574) was significantly higher than in the controls (2.256 ± 0.756) (P < 0.0001). We conclude that EBV, especially Mediterranean + genotype-1, was the predominant strain in GC biopsies and GC type or progression is independent of the viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ampofo-Asiedu
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | | | - Darkwah Owusua Afua Abrahams
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Bernard Petershie
- Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana and Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra 00233, Ghana
| | - Osbourne Quaye
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana
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Munir F, Hardit V, Sheikh IN, AlQahtani S, He J, Cuglievan B, Hosing C, Tewari P, Khazal S. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: From Past to Future-A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10095. [PMID: 37373245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma, a hematological malignancy of lymphoid origin that typically arises from germinal-center B cells, has an excellent overall prognosis. However, the treatment of patients who relapse or develop resistant disease still poses a substantial clinical and research challenge, even though current risk-adapted and response-based treatment techniques produce overall survival rates of over 95%. The appearance of late malignancies after the successful cure of primary or relapsed disease continues to be a major concern, mostly because of high survival rates. Particularly in pediatric HL patients, the chance of developing secondary leukemia is manifold compared to that in the general pediatric population, and the prognosis for patients with secondary leukemia is much worse than that for patients with other hematological malignancies. Therefore, it is crucial to develop clinically useful biomarkers to stratify patients according to their risk of late malignancies and determine which require intense treatment regimens to maintain the ideal balance between maximizing survival rates and avoiding late consequences. In this article, we review HL's epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic biomarkers, and treatments for children and adults, as well as treatment-related adverse events and the late development of secondary malignancies in patients with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faryal Munir
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Viney Hardit
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irtiza N Sheikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaikha AlQahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiasen He
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Patient Care, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chitra Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priti Tewari
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sajad Khazal
- CARTOX Program, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wan Z, Chen Y, Hui J, Guo Y, Peng X, Wang M, Hu C, Xie Y, Su J, Huang Y, Xu X, Xu Y, Zhu B. Epstein-Barr virus variation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in southeastern China. Virol J 2023; 20:107. [PMID: 37259131 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients infected with HIV are at high risk of developing Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-related diseases. The genotype and viral biological behavior of EBV infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) in China remain unclear. This study analyzed the characteristics of EBV in patients infected with HIV in southeastern China. METHODS A total of 162 HIV-infected patients and 52 patients without HIV were enrolled in this study. EBV viral load in blood was determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. EBV typing was performed using saliva according to polymorphisms in the EBNA3C region. EBV LMP-1 carboxy terminus (C-ter) was sequenced, and compared with the epidemic strains in the world. RESULTS Among HIV infected patients, the EBV strain variant was mainly EBV-1, while EBV-2 had a higher viral load than EBV-1 (P = 0.001) and EBV-1/2 (P = 0.002). HIV infected patients had higher active virus replication. The EBV LMP-1 variants were mainly the China1 variant. HIV-infected patients had different nucleic acid positions of 30-bp deletion (del30) and had a higher incidence of high 33-bp tandem repeats (rep33) copies than non-HIV-infected patients. There was a difference in the mutations of EBV LMP-1 C-ter del30 and ins15 between HIV infected patients and the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In southeastern China, EBV in HIV-infected patients had higher active virus replication; EBV infection was mainly EBV-1, and EBV-2 infection has higher EBV virus load; hotspot mutations of LMP-1 C-ter were different between HIV-infected patients and non-HIV-infected patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the ethics committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Approval No. 2018764), and registered in Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 3 June 2019 (ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900023600, http://www.chictr.org.cn/usercenter.aspx ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Wan
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Chen
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiangjin Hui
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaorong Peng
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Mengyan Wang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Caiqin Hu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yirui Xie
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Junwei Su
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yan Xu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- The Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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10
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Fornel DG, Ferrisse TM, de Oliveira AB, Fontana CR. Photodynamic Therapy Can Modulate the Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Microenvironment Infected with the Epstein-Barr Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051344. [PMID: 37239013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignancy from epithelial cells predominantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and it is responsible for 140,000 deaths annually. There is a current need to develop new strategies to increase the efficacy of antineoplastic treatment and reduce side effects. Thus, the present study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the ability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to modulate the tumor microenvironment and PDT efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment. The reviewers conducted all steps in the systematic review. PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library databases were searched. The OHAT was used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed with a random-effects model (α = 0.05). Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells treated with PDT showed that IL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, LC3BI, LC3BII, MMP2, and MMP9 levels were significantly higher than in groups that did not receive PDT. NF-ĸB, miR BART 1-5p, BART 16, and BART 17-5p levels were significantly lower in the PDT group than in the control group. Apoptosis levels and the viability of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (>70%) infected with EBV were effective after PDT. This treatment also increased LMP1 levels (0.28-0.50/p < 0.05) compared to the control group. PDT showed promising results for efficacy in killing nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells infected with EBV and modulating the tumor microenvironment. Further preclinical studies should be performed to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diógenes Germano Fornel
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araraquara 14801-902, SP, Brazil
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11
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Kandeel M. Oncogenic Viruses-Encoded microRNAs and Their Role in the Progression of Cancer: Emerging Targets for Antiviral and Anticancer Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040485. [PMID: 37111242 PMCID: PMC10146417 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of all cases of human cancer are caused by viral infections. Although a great number of viruses are capable of causing a wide range of tumors in animals, only seven of these viruses have been linked to human malignancies and are presently classified as oncogenic viruses. These include the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Some other viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are associated with highly oncogenic activities. It is possible that virally encoded microRNAs (miRNAs), which are ideal non-immunogenic tools for viruses, play a significant role in carcinogenic processes. Both virus-derived microRNAs (v-miRNAs) and host-derived microRNAs (host miRNAs) can influence the expression of various host-derived and virus-derived genes. The current literature review begins with an explanation of how viral infections might exert their oncogenic properties in human neoplasms, and then goes on to discuss the impact of diverse viral infections on the advancement of several types of malignancies via the expression of v-miRNAs. Finally, the role of new anti-oncoviral therapies that could target these neoplasms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Kandeel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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12
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Chao KH, Zimin AV, Pertea M, Salzberg SL. The first gapless, reference-quality, fully annotated genome from a Southern Han Chinese individual. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkac321. [PMID: 36630290 PMCID: PMC9997556 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We used long-read DNA sequencing to assemble the genome of a Southern Han Chinese male. We organized the sequence into chromosomes and filled in gaps using the recently completed T2T-CHM13 genome as a guide, yielding a gap-free genome, Han1, containing 3,099,707,698 bases. Using the T2T-CHM13 annotation as a reference, we mapped all genes onto the Han1 genome and identified additional gene copies, generating a total of 60,708 putative genes, of which 20,003 are protein-coding. A comprehensive comparison between the genes revealed that 235 protein-coding genes were substantially different between the individuals, with frameshifts or truncations affecting the protein-coding sequence. Most of these were heterozygous variants in which one gene copy was unaffected. This represents the first gene-level comparison between two finished, annotated individual human genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hao Chao
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Aleksey V Zimin
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mihaela Pertea
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Steven L Salzberg
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21211, USA
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13
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Diakite M, Shaw-Saliba K, Lau CY. Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103737. [PMID: 37476029 PMCID: PMC10358275 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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14
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Adam M, Bekuretsion Y, Gebremedhin A, Kwiecinska A, Howe R, Petros B, Jerkeman M. Evidence for distinct mechanisms of immune suppression in EBV-positive and EBV-negative Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Exp Hematop 2023; 63:230-239. [PMID: 38148013 PMCID: PMC10861371 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.23037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) has been recognized for its ability to transform B lymphocytes and for its association with different types of cancers including Hodgkin lymphoma. In addition, EBV may also modulate the microenvironment of HL. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of EBV among HL cases in Ethiopia and to assess the tissue cellular composition of EBV-related and EBV-unrelated cases. We constructed a tissue microarray (TMA) of 126 consecutive cases of classical HL (CHL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL) from a tertiary cancer centre, Tikur Anbessa Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and evaluated a panel of immunohistochemical markers. The quantification of immune cells was performed using HALO 2.3, a platform for image analysis from Indica Lab Inc. A total of 77/126 (61.1%) of HL cases expressed LMP1/EBER. Infiltration of CD8+, T-bet+ and FoxP3+ cells was higher in the microenvironment of EBV-related CHL, with P values of <0.001, <0.001 and <0.016, respectively. In contrast, the expression of PD1 was higher in the microenvironment of EBV-unrelated CHL cases (P < 0.001). Unlike in Western countries, the majority of HL cases in Ethiopia were associated with EBV. As FoxP3+ and PD1-expressing cells are thought to participate in down regulation of the immune response by different mechanisms, this finding highlights the previously unrecognized possibility that distinct immunosuppressive mechanisms may be ongoing within EBV positive and negative HL types. This may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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15
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Cai K, Zhou B, Huang H, Tao R, Sun J, Yan C, Lee PMY, Svendsen K, Fu B, Li J, Huang L. Risk of malignancy following exposure to Epstein-Barr Virus associated infectious mononucleosis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:991069. [PMID: 36591501 PMCID: PMC9795179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.991069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been shown to contribute to oncogenesis and often causes acute clinical manifestation of Infectious mononucleosis (IM). It is unknown whether IM could increase the risk of subsequent malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the association of IM caused by EBV (EBV-IM) with overall and subtypes of malignancy in a large population-based cohort study. Methods This study included 1,419,407 individuals born in Denmark between 1973 and 2016 identified from national registers and 23,057 individuals had IM. The 5,394 of them had confirmed EBV-IM and they were birth date- and sex- matched (1:63) to 1,396,350 non-IM individuals. Cox regression was used to examine the associations of EBV-IM with malignancy. Results Individuals with a history of confirmed EBV-IM had an 88% increased overall risk of malignancy (hazard ratio [HR]:1·88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·42-2·49) and a five-fold risk of hematologic malignancies (HR 5·04, 95% CI: 3·07-8·25), compared to those without IM. Similar estimates were observed in the sibling analysis. The overall risk of malignancy was greater for EBV-IM with complications (HR 8·93, 95% CI: 3·35-23·81) than that for EBV-IM without complications (HR 1·35, 95% CI: 1·20-1·53). EBV-IM duration was related to increased risk of malignancy in a dose-response way. Notably, the significant elevated risk of overall malignancy was observed in the first two years after EBV-IM onset (rate ratio [RR] 4·44, 95% CI: 2·75-7·17) and attenuated thereafter. Conclusion EBV-IM was associated with an increased risk in malignancy, particularly hematologic malignancies and in the first two years following IM exposure. Our findings suggest an important time-window for early screening of the EBV-attributed malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baosong Zhou
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Tao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Priscilla Ming Yi Lee
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology-Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Svendsen
- Research Unit for Mental Public Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Bo Fu, ; Lisu Huang, ;
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology-Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lisu Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Bo Fu, ; Lisu Huang, ;
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16
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Agwati EO, Oduor CI, Ayieko C, Ong’echa JM, Moormann AM, Bailey JA. Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma. Virol J 2022; 19:208. [PMID: 36482473 PMCID: PMC9733152 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is potentiated through the interplay of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. To better understand EBV's biology and role in eBL, we characterized genome-wide recombination sites and patterns as a source of genetic diversity in EBV genomes in our well-defined population of eBL cases and controls from Western Kenya. METHODS EBV genomes representing 54 eBL cases and 32 healthy children from the same geographic region in Western Kenya that we previously sequenced were analyzed. Whole-genome multiple sequence alignment, recombination analyses, and phylogenetic inference were made using multiple alignment with fast Fourier transform, recombination detection program 4, and molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. RESULTS We identified 28 different recombination events and 71 (82.6%) of the 86 EBV genomes analyzed contained evidence of one or more recombinant segments. Associated recombination breakpoints were found to occur in a total of 42 different genes, with only 7 (16.67%) being latent genes. Recombination events were major drivers of clustering within genome-wide phylogenetic trees. The occurrence of recombination segments was comparable between genomes from male and female participants and across age groups. More recombinant segments were found in EBV type 1 genomes (p = 6.4e - 06) and the genomes from the eBLs (p = 0.037). Two recombination events were enriched in the eBLs; event 47 (OR = 4.07, p = 0.038) and event 50 (OR = 14.24, p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS EBV genomes have extensive evidence of recombination likely acquired progressively and cumulatively over time. Recombination patterns display a heterogeneous occurrence rate across the genome with enrichment in lytic genes. Overall, recombination appears to be a major evolutionary force impacting EBV diversity and genome structure with evidence of the association of specific recombinants with eBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy O. Agwati
- grid.442486.80000 0001 0744 8172Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya ,grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Cliff I. Oduor
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903 USA
| | - Cyrus Ayieko
- grid.442486.80000 0001 0744 8172Department of Zoology, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - John Michael Ong’echa
- grid.33058.3d0000 0001 0155 5938Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ann M. Moormann
- grid.168645.80000 0001 0742 0364Program in Molecular Medicine and the Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Bailey
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903 USA
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The Association between Infectious Mononucleosis and Cancer: A Cohort Study of 24,190 Outpatients in Germany. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235837. [PMID: 36497319 PMCID: PMC9736164 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer represents one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Besides genetic risk factors and non-communicable diseases, chronic infections including Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) infection have been identified as promotors of cancer. In the present manuscript, we evaluated the association between infectious mononucleosis, the clinical manifestation of EBV infection, and cancer development in a real-word cohort of outpatients in Germany. Methods: We used the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) and matched a total of 12,095 patients with infectious mononucleosis to a cohort of individuals without infectious mononucleosis based on age, sex, index year, and annual patient consultation frequency between 2000 and 2018. Results: Patients diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis had a cancer incidence of 5.3 cases per 1000 person years versus 4.4 cases per 1000 person years for patients without infectious mononucleosis. In multivariable regression models, infectious mononucleosis showed a trend towards a higher incidence of cancer in general in the age group > 50 years (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.32; 95% CI: 1.04−1.67) and among men (IRR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07−1.72). Infectious mononucleosis was significantly associated with an increased incidence of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (IRR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.22−2.50) and showed a strong trend towards an association with prostate cancer (IRR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.23−7.76). Conclusion: Infectious mononucleosis is associated with an increased incidence of certain cancer types. The present data from a large real-world cohort support the evidence on a role of EBV in the development of different malignancies and could trigger research efforts to further elucidate its precise involvement in the carcinogenic process.
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18
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Zhao X, Ma Y, Bian H, Liu Z. CD20 expression is closely associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection and an inferior survival in nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993768. [PMID: 36147921 PMCID: PMC9486205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) is a rare disease in which Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and CD20 can be detected. The clinical significance of EBV infection, CD20 expression and their relationship are still unclear in NSCHL presently. The aim of this research was to systematically explore the clinical significance of EBV infection, expression of CD20 and their relationship in NSCHL. Methods 109 NSCHL patients diagnosed in Qingdao University’s Affiliated Hospital were chosen from January 2010 to July 2019, and the clinical and survival data of all patients were collected retrospectively. Results Among 109 patients, 33 patients were assigned to the group of EBV-positives, following the results of the EBV-encoded RNA (EBER1). Compared with EBV-negative group patients, those in the group of EBV-positive were older (P=0.004) and their β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels were higher (P=0.006). The CD20 positivity rate in the group of EBV-positive was substantially higher than that in the EBV-negative group (54.5% vs 27.6%, P=0.007). Among 109 patients, EBV+ and CD20+ double positive patients acquired the least overall survival (OS), and patients with EBV- and CD20- double negative had the best OS (P < 0.001). Although old age, gender, EBV infection and CD20 positive were the risk factors for OS in NSCHL, multivariate analysis showed that CD20 positivity was the only characteristic that showed to be an independent risk factor for OS in NSCHL patients. Conclusion CD20 was found to be strongly expressed in NSCHL patients who had been infected with EBV, and it was found to be an independent risk factor for NSCHL patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Lymphoma, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yushuo Ma
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Bian
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihe Liu,
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19
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Karsten CB, Bartsch YC, Shin SA, Slein MD, Heller HM, Kolandaivelu K, Middeldorp JM, Alter G, Julg B. Evolution of functional antibodies following acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010738. [PMID: 36067220 PMCID: PMC9481173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus causes mostly asymptomatic infection, associated malignancies, and autoimmune and lymphoproliferative diseases occur. To dissect the evolution of humoral immune responses over the course of EBV infection and to gain a better understanding of the potential contribution of antibody (Ab) function to viral control, we comprehensively profiled Ab specificities and Fc-functionalities using systems serology and VirScan. Ab functions against latent (EBNA1), early (p47/54) and two late (gp350/220 and VCA-p18) EBV proteins were overall modest and/or short-lived, differing from humoral responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. In the first year post infection, only p18 elicited robust IgM-driven complement deposition and IgG-driven neutrophil phagocytosis while responses against EBNA-1 were largely Fc-functionally silent and only matured during chronic infection to drive phagocytosis. In contrast, Abs against Influenza virus readily mediated broad Fc-activity in all participants. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs, potentially due to the virus’ life cycle, switching from lytic to latent stages during infection. While previously thought to be largely innocuous, emerging data clearly highlight the pathological role of lifelong EBV infection in driving autoimmunity and malignancies in a small, but not insignificant portion of the population. We therefore aimed to define potential humoral mechanisms associated with viral control, beyond neutralizing Abs, by systematically focusing on antibody Fc-functional activities during acute to convalescent EBV infection applying technologies such as systems serology and VirScan. We found that functions against EBV proteins were overall only modest and either short-lived or delayed, differing from functional antibody responses induced during acute infection by other viruses such as HIV. These data suggest that EBV evades the induction of robust Fc-functional Abs thereby potentially facilitating lifelong, persistent infection with all its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B. Karsten
- University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital Essen, Institute for Translational HIV Research; Essen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CBK); (BJ)
| | - Yannic C. Bartsch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sally A. Shin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kumaran Kolandaivelu
- MIT Institute for Medical Engineering & Science; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Boris Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CBK); (BJ)
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20
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Alves P, Larrate M, Garcia-Costa A, Rohan P, Gama BE, Abdelhay E, Delatorre E, Hassan R. Spatial Dispersal of Epstein-Barr Virus in South America Reveals an African American Variant in Brazilian Lymphomas. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081762. [PMID: 36016384 PMCID: PMC9412316 DOI: 10.3390/v14081762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein−Barr virus (EBV) is a saliva-borne ɣ-herpesvirus associated with benign and malignant lymphoproliferation. EBV-mediated tumorigenic mechanisms are not fully understood and may be related to viral genetic variations. In this work, we characterize the genetic diversity of EBV from Brazil, assessing 82 samples derived from saliva from asymptomatic carriers (n = 45), biopsies of benign reactive hyperplasia (n = 4), and lymphomas (n = 33). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the entire coding region of the LMP-1 was performed. Additionally, type 1/type 2 distinction by the EBNA3C gene and Zp variants were evaluated. Our results revealed a high diversity of EBV in Brazil, with the co-circulation of four main clades, described here as: Mediterranean (40.2%, n = 33), Raji/Argentine (39%, n = 32), B95-8 (6.1%, n = 5), and Asian II (1.2%, n = 1). The Raji/Argentine and Mediterranean clades were the most prevalent in South America (45% and 28%, respectively). The Raji/Argentine clade was associated with polymorphisms I124V/I152L, del30 bp, and ins15 bp (p < 0.0001, to all clades) and with a high haplotype diversity related to EBV type and Zp variants. We found that a Raji/Argentine subclade spread primarily from Brazil and later to other South American countries. Although no LMP1 variant has been directly associated with disease, the Raji/Argentine clade was predominantly clustered with lymphomas (61%) and the Mediterranean clade with non-malignant cases (59%) (p = 0.1). These data highlight the high genetic diversity of EBV circulating in Brazil, calling attention to a Raji-related variant with great recombination potential in Brazilian lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alves
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.D.)
| | - Marcella Larrate
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Aruanã Garcia-Costa
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rohan
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ervatti Gama
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Laboratório de Células Tronco, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | - Edson Delatorre
- Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre 29500-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (E.D.)
| | - Rocio Hassan
- Laboratório de Oncovirologia, Centro de Transplante de Medula Óssea, Instituto Nacional de Câncer “José Alencar Gomes da Silva” (INCA), Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
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21
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Is Mostly Latent and Clonal in Angioimmunoblastic T Cell Lymphoma (AITL). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122899. [PMID: 35740565 PMCID: PMC9221046 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma (AITL), a peripheral T lymphoma of poor prognosis in at least 90% of cases. The role of EBV in this pathology is unknown. Using next-generation sequencing, we sequenced the entire EBV genome in biopsies from 18 patients with AITL, 16 patients with another EBV-associated lymphoma, and 2 controls. We chose an EBV target capture method, given the high specificity of this technique, followed by a second capture to increase sensitivity. We identified two main viral strains in AITL, one of them associated with the mutations BNRF1 S542N and BZLF1 A206S and with mutations in the EBNA-3 and LMP-2 genes. This strain was characterized in patients with short post-diagnosis survival. The main mutations found during AITL on the most mutated latency or tegument genes were identified and discussed. We showed that the virus was clonal in all the AITL samples, suggesting that it may be involved in this pathology. Additionally, EBV was latent in all the AITL samples; for one sample only, the virus was found to be latent and probably replicative, depending on the cells. These various elements support the role of EBV in AITL.
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22
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Shen Y, Wang YF. Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus enteritis: A literature review. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:248-252. [PMID: 35561147 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) enteritis is a rare disease that has not been well described. Owing to the similarities between CAEBV enteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, it is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated in clinical practice, resulted in complications and even death in severe cases. Through a literature review, this study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics, pathological features, examinations, and treatment strategies of CAEBV enteritis and its similarities and differences with inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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23
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Caruso LB, Guo R, Keith K, Madzo J, Maestri D, Boyle S, Wasserman J, Kossenkov A, Gewurz BE, Tempera I. The nuclear lamina binds the EBV genome during latency and regulates viral gene expression. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010400. [PMID: 35421198 PMCID: PMC9009669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects almost 95% of the population worldwide. While typically asymptomatic, EBV latent infection is associated with several malignancies of epithelial and lymphoid origin in immunocompromised individuals. In latently infected cells, the EBV genome persists as a chromatinized episome that expresses a limited set of viral genes in different patterns, referred to as latency types, which coincide with varying stages of infection and various malignancies. We have previously demonstrated that latency types correlate with differences in the composition and structure of the EBV episome. Several cellular factors, including the nuclear lamina, regulate chromatin composition and architecture. While the interaction of the viral genome with the nuclear lamina has been studied in the context of EBV lytic reactivation, the role of the nuclear lamina in controlling EBV latency has not been investigated. Here, we report that the nuclear lamina is an essential epigenetic regulator of the EBV episome. We observed that in B cells, EBV infection affects the composition of the nuclear lamina by inducing the expression of lamin A/C, but only in EBV+ cells expressing the Type III latency program. Using ChIP-Seq, we determined that lamin B1 and lamin A/C bind the EBV genome, and their binding correlates with deposition of the histone repressive mark H3K9me2. By RNA-Seq, we observed that knock-out of lamin A/C in B cells alters EBV gene expression. Our data indicate that the interaction between lamins and the EBV episome contributes to the epigenetic control of viral gene expression during latency, suggesting a restrictive function of the nuclear lamina as part of the host response against viral DNA entry into the nucleus. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent infection in a small fraction of B cells of the infected individuals. In most cases, EBV infection is asymptomatic; however, especially in the context of immune suppression, EBV latent infection is associated with several malignancies. In EBV+ cancer cells, latent viral gene expression plays an essential role in sustaining the cancer phenotype. We and others have established that epigenetic modifications of the viral genome are critical to regulating EBV gene expression during latency. Understanding how the EBV genome is epigenetically regulated during latent infection may help identify new specific therapeutic targets for treating EBV+ malignancies. The nuclear lamina is involved in regulating the composition and structure of the cellular chromatin. In the present study, we determined that the nuclear lamina binds the EBV genome during latency, influencing viral gene expression. Depleting one component of the nuclear lamina, lamin A/C, increased the expression of latent EBV genes associated with cellular proliferation, indicating that the binding of the nuclear lamina with the viral genome is essential to control viral gene expression in infected cells. Our data show for the first time that the nuclear lamina may be involved in the cellular response against EBV infection by restricting viral gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Keith
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jozef Madzo
- The Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Davide Maestri
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah Boyle
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Wasserman
- The Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew Kossenkov
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Italo Tempera
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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24
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Liao HM, Liu H, Chin PJ, Li B, Hung GC, Tsai S, Otim I, Legason ID, Ogwang MD, Reynolds SJ, Kerchan P, Tenge CN, Were PA, Kuremu RT, Wekesa WN, Masalu N, Kawira E, Ayers LW, Pfeiffer RM, Bhatia K, Goedert JJ, Lo SC, Mbulaiteye SM. Epstein-Barr Virus in Burkitt Lymphoma in Africa Reveals a Limited Set of Whole Genome and LMP-1 Sequence Patterns: Analysis of Archival Datasets and Field Samples From Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya. Front Oncol 2022; 12:812224. [PMID: 35340265 PMCID: PMC8948429 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.812224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), but the contribution of EBV variants is ill-defined. Studies of EBV whole genome sequences (WGS) have identified phylogroups that appear to be distinct for Asian versus non-Asian EBV, but samples from BL or Africa, where EBV was first discovered, are under-represented. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of EBV WGS and LMP-1 sequences obtained primarily from BL patients in Africa and representative non-African EBV from other conditions or regions using data from GenBank, Sequence Read Archive, or Genomic Data Commons for the Burkitt Lymphoma Genome Sequencing Project (BLGSP) to generate data to support the use of a simpler biomarker of geographic or phenotypic associations. We also investigated LMP-1 patterns in 414 eBL cases and 414 geographically matched controls in the Epidemiology of Burkitt Lymphoma in East African children and minors (EMBLEM) study using LMP-1 PCR and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct genetic patterns of African versus Asian EBV sequences. We identified 281 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in LMP-1 promoter and coding region, which formed 12 unique patterns (A to L). Nine patterns (A, AB, C, D, F, I, J, K and L) predominated in African EBV, of which four were found in 92% of BL samples (A, AB, D, and H). Predominant patterns were B and G in Asia and H in Europe. EBV positivity in peripheral blood was detected in 95.6% of EMBLEM eBL cases versus 79.2% of the healthy controls (odds ratio [OR] =3.83; 95% confidence interval 2.06-7.14). LMP-1 was successfully sequenced in 66.7% of the EBV DNA positive cases but in 29.6% of the controls (ORs ranging 5-11 for different patterns). Four LMP-1 patterns (A, AB, D, and K) were detected in 63.1% of the cases versus 27.1% controls (ORs ranges: 5.58-11.4). Dual strain EBV infections were identified in WGS and PCR-Sanger data. In conclusion, EBV from Africa is phylogenetically separate from EBV in Asia. Genetic diversity in LMP-1 formed 12 patterns, which showed promising geographic and phenotypic associations. Presence of multiple strain infection should be considered in efforts to refine or improve EBV markers of ancestry or phenotype. Lay Summary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, a ubiquitous infection, contributes to the etiology of both Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, yet their global distributions vary geographically with no overlap. Genomic variation in EBV is suspected to play a role in the geographical patterns of these EBV-associated cancers, but relatively few EBV samples from BL have been comprehensively studied. We sought to compare phylogenetic patterns of EBV genomes obtained from BL samples in Africa and from tumor and non-tumor samples from elsewhere. We concluded that EBV obtained from BL in Africa is genetically separate from EBV in Asia. Through comprehensive analysis of nucleotide variations in EBV's LMP-1 gene, we describe 12 LMP-1 patterns, two of which (B and G) were found mostly in Asia. Four LMP-1 patterns (A, AB, D, and F) accounted for 92% of EBVs sequenced from BL in Africa. Our results identified extensive diversity of EBV, but BL in Africa was associated with a limited number of variants identified, which were different from those identified in Asia. Further research is needed to optimize the use of PCR and sequencing to study LMP-1 diversity for classification of EBV variants and for use in epidemiologic studies to characterize geographic and/or phenotypic associations of EBV variants with EBV-associated malignancies, including eBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Liao
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hebing Liu
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Pei-Ju Chin
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Bingjie Li
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Guo-Chiuan Hung
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shien Tsai
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Isaac Otim
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ismail D Legason
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin D Ogwang
- EMBLEM Study, St. Mary's Hospital, Lacor, Gulu & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick Kerchan
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Kuluva Hospital, Arua & African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Constance N Tenge
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya & Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Pamela A Were
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya & Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Robert T Kuremu
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya & Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Walter N Wekesa
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Moi University College of Health Sciences, Eldoret, Kenya & Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Nestory Masalu
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Esther Kawira
- EMBLEM Study, African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda.,EMBLEM Study, Shirati Health and Educational Foundation, Shirati, Tanzania
| | - Leona W Ayers
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kishor Bhatia
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James J Goedert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shyh-Ching Lo
- Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Sam M Mbulaiteye
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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25
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Pavletić B, Runzheimer K, Siems K, Koch S, Cortesão M, Ramos-Nascimento A, Moeller R. Spaceflight Virology: What Do We Know about Viral Threats in the Spaceflight Environment? ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:210-224. [PMID: 34981957 PMCID: PMC8861927 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2021.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses constitute a significant part of the human microbiome, so wherever humans go, viruses are brought with them, even on space missions. In this mini review, we focus on the International Space Station (ISS) as the only current human habitat in space that has a diverse range of viral genera that infect microorganisms from bacteria to eukaryotes. Thus, we have reviewed the literature on the physical conditions of space habitats that have an impact on both virus transmissibility and interaction with their host, which include UV radiation, ionizing radiation, humidity, and microgravity. Also, we briefly comment on the practices used on space missions that reduce virus spread, that is, use of antimicrobial surfaces, spacecraft sterilization practices, and air filtration. Finally, we turn our attention to the health threats that viruses pose to space travel. Overall, even though efforts are taken to ensure safe conditions during human space travel, for example, preflight quarantines of astronauts, we reflect on the potential risks humans might be exposed to and how those risks might be aggravated in extraterrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pavletić
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Runzheimer
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Katharina Siems
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Stella Koch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Marta Cortesão
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ana Ramos-Nascimento
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology Research Group, Linder Hoehe, Cologne (Köln), Germany
- Address correspondence to: Ralf Moeller, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Department, Aerospace Microbiology, Linder Hoehe, Building 24, Room 104, D-51147 Köln, Germany
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26
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Chung WC, Song MJ. Virus–Host Interplay Between Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Oncogenic Gammaherpesviruses. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:811671. [PMID: 35095818 PMCID: PMC8795711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.811671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gammaherpesviruses, include the Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and murine gammaherpesvirus 68. They establish latent infection in the B lymphocytes and are associated with various lymphoproliferative diseases and tumors. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), also called ADP-ribosyltransferase diphtheria-toxin-like 1 (ARTD1) is a nuclear enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety to its target proteins and participates in important cellular activities, such as the DNA-damage response, cell death, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and inflammation. In gammaherpesvirus infection, PARP1 acts as a key regulator of the virus life cycle: lytic replication and latency. These viruses also develop various strategies to regulate PARP1, facilitating their replication. This review summarizes the roles of PARP1 in the viral life cycle as well as the viral modulation of host PARP1 activity and discusses the implications. Understanding the interactions between the PARP1 and oncogenic gammaherpesviruses may lead to the identification of effective therapeutic targets for the associated diseases.
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27
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Banko A, Miljanovic D, Lazarevic I, Jeremic I, Despotovic A, Grk M, Cirkovic A. New Evidence of Significant Association between EBV Presence and Lymphoproliferative Disorders Susceptibility in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14010115. [PMID: 35062319 PMCID: PMC8781518 DOI: 10.3390/v14010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) is one of the well-known life-threatening complications in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, there is a lack of definitive conclusions regarding the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activity in RA initiation and progression, especially in promoting LPDs. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported an EBV positive result in RA-LPD patients and controls were conducted. Studies published before 27 July 2021 were identified through PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. A total of 79 articles were included in the systematic review. The prevalence of EBV positive result among RA-LPD patients was 54% (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.45–1.64). There was a statistically significant association between EBV presence and LPD susceptibility in RA patients in comparison with all controls (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.29–2.73) and in comparison with LPD patients only (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.15–3.19). This association was not shown in comparison with patients with autoimmune diseases other than RA who developed LPD (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.30–2.09). This meta-analysis confirmed a high prevalence of EBV in the RA-LPD population. Furthermore, it provides evidence for the association between EBV presence and LPD susceptibility in RA patients, but not in those with other autoimmune diseases who developed LPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Banko
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (I.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Danijela Miljanovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Ivana Lazarevic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.M.); (I.L.)
| | - Ivica Jeremic
- Institute of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksa Despotovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milka Grk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Andja Cirkovic
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
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Wong Y, Meehan MT, Burrows SR, Doolan DL, Miles JJ. Estimating the global burden of Epstein-Barr virus-related cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:31-46. [PMID: 34705104 PMCID: PMC8752571 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 90% of the adult population globally is chronically infected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is well established that EBV is associated with a number of malignancies, and advances in knowledge of EBV-related malignancies are being made every year. Several studies have analysed the global epidemiology and geographic distribution of EBV-related cancers. However, most have only described a single cancer type or subtype in isolation or limited their study to the three or four most common EBV-related cancers. This review will present an overview on the spectrum of cancers linked to EBV based on observations of associations and proportions in the published literature while also using these observations to estimate the incidence and mortality burden of some of these cancers. METHOD We have reviewed the literature on defining features, distribution and outcomes across six cancers with a relatively large EBV-related case burden: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Gastric carcinoma (GC), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, Nasal type (ENKTL-NT). We retrieved published region-specific EBV-related case proportions for NPC, GC, HL and BL and performed meta-analyses on pooled region-specific studies of EBV-related case proportions for DLBCL and ENKTL-NT. We match these pooled proportions with their respective regional incidence and mortality numbers retrieved from a publicly available cancer database. Additionally, we also reviewed the literature on several other less common EBV-related cancers to summarize their key characteristics herein. CONCLUSION We estimated that EBV-related cases from these six cancers accounted for 239,700-357,900 new cases and 137,900-208,700 deaths in 2020. This review highlights the significant global impact of EBV-related cancers and extends the spectrum of disease that could benefit from an EBV-specific therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Wong
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia.
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia.
| | - Michael T Meehan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Scott R Burrows
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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Lao TD, Thieu HH, Nguyen DH, Le TAH. Hypermethylation of the RASSF1A gene promoter as the tumor DNA marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2021; 37:31-39. [PMID: 34935528 DOI: 10.1177/17246008211065472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASSF1A is a tumor suppressor gene. The methylation of RASSF1A has been reported to be associated with nasopharyngeal tumorigenesis. However, the heterogeneity was high among different studies. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the value of RASSF1A methylation for the diagnosis and early screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Relevant articles were identified by searching the MEDLINE database. Frequency and odds ratio (OR) were applied to estimate the effect of CDH-1 methylation based on random-/fixed-effect models. The meta-analysis was performed by using MedCalc® software. Subgroup analyses were performed by test method, ethnicity, and source of nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples to determine likely sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 17 studies, including 1688 samples (1165 nasopharyngeal carcinoma samples, and 523 from non-cancerous samples) were used for the meta-analysis. The overall frequencies of RASSF1A methylation were 59.68% and 2.65% in case-group and control-group, respectively. By removing the poor relative studies, the heterogeneity was not observed among the studies included. The association between RASSF1A gene methylation and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also confirmed by calculating the OR value of 30.32 (95%CI = 18.22-50.47) in the fixed-effect model (Q = 16.41, p = 0.36,I2 = 8.62, 95% CI = 0.00-45.27). Additionally, the significant association was also found between the methylation of the RASSF1A gene and the subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This is the first meta-analysis that has provided scientific evidence that the methylation of RASSF1A is the potential diagnosis, prognosis, and early screening biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Duc Lao
- Faculty of Biotechnology, 486019Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Hue Hong Thieu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, 486019Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCMC, Vietnam
| | - Dung Huu Nguyen
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Ai Huyen Le
- Faculty of Biotechnology, 486019Ho Chi Minh City Open University, HCMC, Vietnam
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30
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Ranger-Rogez S. EBV Genome Mutations and Malignant Proliferations. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.93194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA virus with a relatively stable genome. Indeed, genomic variability is reported to be around 0.002%. However, some regions are more variable such as those carrying latency genes and specially EBNA1, -2, -LP, and LMP1. Tegument genes, particularly BNRF1, BPLF1, and BKRF3, are also quite mutated. For a long time, it has been considered for this ubiquitous virus, which infects a very large part of the population, that particular strains could be the cause of certain diseases. However, the mutations found, in some cases, are more geographically restricted rather than associated with proliferation. In other cases, they appear to be involved in oncogenesis. The objective of this chapter is to provide an update on changes in viral genome sequences in malignancies associated with EBV. We focused on describing the structure and function of the proteins corresponding to the genes mentioned above in order to understand how certain mutations of these proteins could increase the tumorigenic character of this virus. Mutations described in the literature for these proteins were identified by reporting viral and/or cellular functional changes as they were described.
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31
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Vasudevan HN, Yom SS. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Association with Epstein-Barr Virus. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 35:963-971. [PMID: 34187713 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, yet incorporating measurement of EBV DNA levels into clinical practice remains a challenge. Here, we summarize the relationship between NPC and EBV infection before describing the use of cell-free DNA as a plasma biomarker in cancer. We then compare conventional polymerase chain reaction methods and emerging next-generation sequencing approaches for EBV viral load detection emphasizing their prognostic and predictive utility. We conclude by considering how assay standardization, novel molecular approaches, and alternative clinical specimens may be leveraged to bring EBV testing into the routine care of patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish N Vasudevan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Cancer Research Building, 1450 3rd street, HD403, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sue S Yom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, Precision Cancer Medicine Building, 1825 4th Street, Suite L1101, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Comprehensive Evolutionary Analysis of Complete Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes from Argentina and Other Geographies. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061172. [PMID: 34207433 PMCID: PMC8235469 DOI: 10.3390/v13061172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The sequence variability of the Epstein–Barr virus has been extensively studied throughout previous years in isolates from various geographic regions and consequent variations at both genetic and genomic levels have been described. However, isolates from South America were underrepresented in these studies. Here, we sequenced 15 complete EBV genomes that we analyzed together with publicly available raw NGS data for 199 EBV isolates from other parts of the globe by means of a custom-built bioinformatic pipeline. The phylogenetic relations of the genomes, the geographic structure and variability of the data set, and the evolution rates for the whole genome and each gene were assessed. The present work contributes to overcoming the scarcity of complete EBV genomes from South America and is the most comprehensive geography-related variability study, which involved determining the actual contribution of each EBV gene to the geographic segregation of the entire genome. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, we established for the first time the evolution rate for the entire EBV genome based on a host–virus codivergence-independent assumption and assessed their evolution rates on a gene-by-gene basis, which were related to the encoded protein function. Considering the evolution of dsDNA viruses with a codivergence-independent approach may lay the basis for future research on EBV evolution. The exhaustive bioinformatic analysis performed on this new dataset allowed us to draw a novel set of conclusions regarding the genome evolution of EBV.
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33
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Varvatsi D, Richter J, Tryfonos C, Pantzaris M, Christodoulou C. Association of Epstein-Barr virus latently expressed genes with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52:103008. [PMID: 34010765 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite mounting evidence supporting an etiologic role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in multiple sclerosis (MS), the exact mechanisms through which the virus may contribute to disease development are still unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze seven highly polymorphic EBV latently expressed genes in individuals diagnosed with MS in comparison to healthy controls (HC), to investigate the possible association of EBV variants with an individual's risk towards MS. METHODS B-lymphocytes were isolated from MS patients (n = 30) and HC (n = 33) for the isolation of EBV genomic DNA. Sanger sequencing was employed to analyze EBV latent gene regions. RESULTS A total of 26 variants were detected in our cohort, 17 of which were significantly associated with the MS group while nine were significantly associated with HC. Following the designation of EBV alleles based on these variants, MS risk was found to be significantly associated with the presence of the EBNA3B2.1 allele (p = 0.0008) and LMP1.1 allele (p = 0.01), whereas the EBNA1.3 allele (p = 0.005), EBNA2.1 allele (p = 0.001) as well as the EBNA3B2.2 allele (p = 0.0003) appeared to provide a protective role. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates a marked association between EBV genetic variants and MS, lending further support towards possible molecular mechanisms through which EBV may contribute to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Varvatsi
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371
| | - Jan Richter
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371; Department of Molecular Virology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371.
| | - Christina Tryfonos
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371; Department of Molecular Virology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371
| | - Marios Pantzaris
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371; Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371; Department of Molecular Virology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus, 2371
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34
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Ciccocioppo R, Mengoli C, Betti E, Comolli G, Cassaniti I, Piralla A, Kruzliak P, Caprnda M, Pozzi L, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A, Baldanti F. Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus specific immunity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Clin Exp Med 2021; 21:379-388. [PMID: 33772380 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are endowed with the ability of establishing lifelong latency in human hosts and reactivating in immunocompromised subjects, including patients suffering from ulcerative colitis (UC). We, therefore, aimed to investigate virus-specific immunity in UC patients. A cohort of 24 UC patients (14 responders and 10 refractory to therapy) and 26 control subjects was prospectively enrolled to undergo virus-specific serology (by ELISA assay) and assessment of both CD4+ and CD8+ virus-specific T-cell response (by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospotanalysis). In parallel, mucosal viral load was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and the values were correlated with both clinical and endoscopic indexes of activity. For statistics, the t-test, Mann-Withney test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman rank correlation test were applied; p < 0.05 was considered significant. EBV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were significantly lower in UC patients compared to controls (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0006, respectively), whereas no difference was found for HCMV-specific T-cell response. When dividing the UC group according to response to therapy, both responders and refractory UC patients showed a deficient EBV-specific CD4+ T-cell response with respect to controls (p < 0.04 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Moreover, both EBV and HCMV mucosal loads were significantly higher in refractory UC than in responders and controls (p = 0.007 and 0.003; and p = 0.02 and 0.001, respectively), and correlated with activity indexes. Steroid therapy seemed the main risk factor for triggering EBV colitis. Finally, no cases of IgM positivity were found in the study population. An impaired EBV-specific immunity was clearly evident in UC patients, mostly in those refractory to therapy. The ELISPOT assay may serve as new tool for quantifying and monitoring virus-specific T-cell immunity in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro, 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Caterina Mengoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Betti
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuditta Comolli
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Experimental Research Laboratories, Biotechnology Area, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- 2Nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekarska 53, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Caprnda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lodovica Pozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostics and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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EBV and the Pathogenesis of NK/T Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061414. [PMID: 33808787 PMCID: PMC8003370 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma herpes virus with tropism for B cells. EBV is linked to the pathogenesis of B cell, T cell and NK cell lymphoproliferations, with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTCL) being the prototype of an EBV-driven lymphoma. ENKTCL is an aggressive neoplasm, particularly widespread in East Asia and the native population of Latin America, which suggests a strong genetic predisposition. The link between ENKTCL and different populations has been partially explored. EBV genome sequencing analysis recognized two types of strains and identified variants of the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which revealed different oncogenic potential. In general, most ENKTCL patients carry EBV type A with LMP1 wild type, although the LMP1 variant with a 30 base pair deletion is also common, especially in the EBV type B, where it is necessary for oncogenic transformation. Contemporary high-throughput mutational analyses have discovered recurrent gene mutations leading to activation of the JAK-STAT pathway, and mutations in other genes such as BCOR, DDX3X and TP53. The genomic landscape in ENKTCL highlights mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, such as immune response evasion, secondary to alterations in signaling pathways or epigenetics that directly or indirectly interfere with oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This overview discusses the most important findings of EBV pathogenesis and genetics in ENKTCL.
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36
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Wang HY, Sun L, Li P, Liu W, Zhang ZG, Luo B. Sequence Variations of Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Small Noncoding RNA and Latent Membrane Protein 1 in Hematologic Tumors in Northern China. Intervirology 2021; 64:69-80. [PMID: 33709967 DOI: 10.1159/000510398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between hematologic tumors and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded small noncoding RNA (EBER) variations as well as latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) variations. METHODS Patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were selected as subjects. Genotypes 1/2 and genotypes F/f were analyzed using the nested PCR technology, while EBER and LMP1 subtypes were analyzed by the nested PCR and DNA sequencing. RESULTS Type 1 was more dominant than type 2, found in 59 out of 82 (72%) leukemia and in 31 out of 35 (88.6%) MDS, while type F was more prevalent than type f in leukemia (83/85, 97.6%) and MDS (29/31, 93.5%) samples. The distribution of EBV genotypes 1/2 was not significantly different among leukemia, MDS, and healthy donor groups, neither was that of EBV genotypes F/f. EB-6m prototype was the dominant subtype of EBER in leukemia and MDS (73.2% [30/41] and 83.3% [10/12], respectively). The frequency of EB-6m was lower than that of healthy people (96.7%, 89/92), and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). China 1 subtype was the dominant subtype of LMP1 in leukemia and MDS (70% [28/40] and 90% [9/10], respectively), and there was no significant difference in the distribution of LMP1 subtypes among the 3 groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The distribution of EBV 1/2, F/f, EBER, and LMP1 subtypes in leukemia and MDS was similar to that in the background population in Northern China, which means that these subtypes may be rather region-restricted but not associated with leukemia and MDS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yu Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China.,Department of Infection-Control, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong-Guang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China,
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, China
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37
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Hopkins R, Xiang W, Marlier D, Au VB, Ching Q, Wu LX, Guan R, Lee B, Chia WK, Wang WW, Wee J, Ng J, Cheong R, Han S, Chu A, Chee CL, Shuen T, Podinger M, Lezhava A, Toh HC, Connolly JE. Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Underpin Resistance to Adoptive T Cell Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Mol Ther 2021; 29:734-743. [PMID: 33038324 PMCID: PMC7854281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced, late-stage Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is incurable, and its treatment remains a clinical and therapeutic challenge. Results from a phase II clinical trial in advanced NPC patients employing a combined chemotherapy and EBV-specific T cell (EBVST) immunotherapy regimen showed a response rate of 71.4%. Longitudinal analysis of patient samples showed that an increase in EBV DNA plasma concentrations and the peripheral monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio negatively correlated with overall survival. These parameters were combined into a multivariate analysis to stratify patients according to risk of death. Immunophenotyping at serial time points showed that low-risk individuals displayed significantly decreased amounts of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells postchemotherapy, which subsequently influenced successful cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immunotherapy. Examination of the low-risk group, 2 weeks post-EBVST infusion, showed that individuals with a greater overall survival possessed an increased frequency of CD8 central and effector memory T cells, together with higher levels of plasma interferon (IFN)-γ, and cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated transcripts. These results highlight the importance of the rational selection of chemotherapeutic agents and consideration of their impact on both systemic immune responses and downstream cellular immunotherapy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hopkins
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore
| | | | | | - Veonice Bijin Au
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Qianting Ching
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Lynn Xue Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Rujun Guan
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Whay-Kuang Chia
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Who-Whong Wang
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Joseph Wee
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Joanna Ng
- Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Rachael Cheong
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Shuting Han
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Axel Chu
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Chit Lai Chee
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Timothy Shuen
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | | | | | - Han Chong Toh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore.
| | - John E Connolly
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A∗STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Tessa Therapeutics, Singapore 038982, Singapore; Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76712, USA.
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Zaki A. Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Healthy Children in Saudi Arabia: A Single Hospital-Based Study. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6044375. [PMID: 33351945 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection presents typically with features of infectious mononucleosis (IM) but it may present with atypical symptoms. We aim to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary EBV infection in children in western Saudi Arabia. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the electronic data of all children who were admitted to the hospital and were tested for EBV-viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM in the period from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019. All data of the children with positive EBV-VCA IgM were collected. Patients were divided into two groups; IM and the non-typical presentations groups. RESULTS Fort-two patients had positive EBV-VCA IgM; 71% had IM and 29% had non-typical presentations. IM was more common in early childhood (46.7%). The non-typical presentations were more in infants below 1 year (50%). Adolescents were less affected (6.7% and 16.7%, respectively). Time to diagnose EBV in the non-typical presentations group was longer than IM group; [3.4 (3.2-4.6) vs. 4.7 (4.1-5.5), p = 0.039]. The total leucocytes count was higher in the IM syndrome group compared to the non-typical presentation group [11 (10.3-17.7) vs. 5.5 (4.5-6.4), p < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS Primary EBV infection in healthy children in Saudi Arabia occurs more frequently in the younger age groups. IM syndrome occurs more frequently in early childhood. The non-typical presentation occurs more frequently in infants. While adolescents are less commonly affected by primary EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Zaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.,Department of Pediatrics, Al-Jedaani Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lam WKJ, Ji L, Tse OYO, Cheng SH, Jiang P, Lee PHP, Lin SV, Hui EP, Ma BBY, Chan ATC, Chan KCA, Chiu RWK, Lo YMD. Sequencing Analysis of Plasma Epstein-Barr Virus DNA Reveals Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Associated Single Nucleotide Variant Profiles. Clin Chem 2020; 66:598-605. [PMID: 32191318 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Plasma EBV DNA is a validated screening tool for NPC. In screening, there are some individuals who do not have NPC but carry EBV DNA in plasma. Currently it is not known from screening if there may be any genotypic differences in EBV isolates from NPC and non-NPC subjects. Also, low concentrations of EBV DNA in plasma could pose challenge to such EBV genotypic analysis through plasma DNA sequencing. METHODS In a training dataset comprised of plasma DNA sequencing data of NPC and non-NPC subjects, we studied the difference in the EBV single nucleotide variant (SNV) profiles between the two groups. The most differentiating SNVs across the EBV genome were identified. We proposed an NPC risk score to be derived from the genotypic patterns over these SNV sites. We subsequently analyzed the NPC risk scores in a testing set. RESULTS A total of 661 significant SNVs across the EBV genome were identified from the training set. In the testing set, NPC plasma samples were shown to have high NPC risk scores, which suggested the presence of NPC-associated EBV SNV profiles. Among the non-NPC samples, there was a wide range of NPC risk scores. These results support the presence of diverse SNV profiles of EBV isolates from non-NPC subjects. CONCLUSION EBV genotypic analysis is feasible through plasma DNA sequencing. The NPC risk score may be used to inform the cancer risk based on the EBV genome-wide SNV profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K Jacky Lam
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - O Y Olivia Tse
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suk Hang Cheng
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peiyong Jiang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - P H Patrick Lee
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - S Vivien Lin
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edwin P Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brigette B Y Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - K C Allen Chan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rossa W K Chiu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Y M Dennis Lo
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Expanding the Geographic Characterisation of Epstein-Barr Virus Variation through Gene-Based Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111686. [PMID: 33138327 PMCID: PMC7692309 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infects the vast majority of human individuals worldwide (~90%) and is associated with several diseases, including different types of cancer and multiple sclerosis, which show wide variation in incidence among global geographical regions. Genetic variants in EBV genomic sequences have been used to determine the geographical structure of EBV isolates, but our understanding of EBV diversity remains highly incomplete. We generated sequences for 13 pivotal EBV genes derived from 103 healthy individuals, expanding current EBV diversity datasets with respect to both geographic coverage and number of isolates per region. These newly generated sequences were integrated with the more than 250 published EBV genomes, generating the most geographically comprehensive data set of EBV strains to date. We report remarkable variation in single-gene phylogenies that, when analysed together, show robust signals of population structure. Our results not only confirm known major global patterns of geographic variation, such as the clear separation of Asian isolates from the rest, and the intermixed relationships among African, European and Australian isolates, but yield novel phylogenetic relationships with previously unreported populations. We provide a better understanding of EBV's population structure in South America, Africa and, by the inclusion of Turkey and Georgia, we also gain insight into EBV diversity in Western Asia, a crossroads connecting Europe, Africa and Asia. In summary, our results provide a detailed world-wide characterisation of EBV genetic clusters, their enrichment in specific geographic regions, novel inter-population relationships, and a catalogue of geographically informative EBV genetic variants.
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Hu Y, Ren S, He Y, Wang L, Chen C, Tang J, Liu W, Yu F. Possible Oncogenic Viruses Associated with Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10651-10666. [PMID: 33116642 PMCID: PMC7585805 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s263976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Tobacco smoking is the most predominant etiology for lung cancer. However, only a small percentage of heavy smokers develop lung cancer, which suggests that other cofactors are required for lung carcinogenesis. Viruses have been central to modern cancer research and provide profound insights into cancer causes. Nevertheless, the role of virus in lung cancer is still unclear. In this article, we reviewed the possible oncogenic viruses associated with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenliang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglei Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Thoracic Surgery Research Room, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, People's Republic of China
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Epstein-Barr Virus Mediated Signaling in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092441. [PMID: 32872147 PMCID: PMC7565514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is known to contribute in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) carcinogenesis. The oncogenic roles of the EBV proteins and non-coding RNAs in NPC are becoming evident with the aid of current advances in genome-wide and in-depth molecular analyses. This current work provides a comprehensive overview, which covers recent understandings of the pathogenic role of EBV infection in NPC. Perspectives on molecular mechanisms, which are involved in the pathogenesis of NPC, focusing on the connection between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways are highlighted. Cancer hallmarks associated with EBV in NPC development are also discussed herein. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors occurring in China and Southeast Asia. Etiology of NPC seems to be complex and involves many determinants, one of which is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Although evidence demonstrates that EBV infection plays a key role in NPC carcinogenesis, the exact relationship between EBV and dysregulation of signaling pathways in NPC needs to be clarified. This review focuses on the interplay between EBV and NPC cells and the corresponding signaling pathways, which are modulated by EBV oncoproteins and non-coding RNAs. These altered signaling pathways could be critical for the initiation and progression of NPC.
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Lu C, Zhang H, Zhou W, Wan X, Li L, Yu C. Epstein-Barr virus infection and genome polymorphisms on gastric remnant carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:401. [PMID: 32843851 PMCID: PMC7437139 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies reported that Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of gastric remnant carcinoma (GRC). However, there was still some controversy. Methods Articles published until July 15, 2020, in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and CNKI databases were selected. According to the inclusion criteria, corresponding data of included articles were abstracted and used for statistical analysis. Results Thirteen papers were finally enrolled, nine of which showed the result that the risk of EBV infection rate in the GRC was higher than conventional gastric carcinoma (OR = 5.22, 95% CI 3.89–7.00). In addition, we found that EBV associated GRC (EBVaGRC) had higher rate of Billroth-II (OR = 3.80, 95% CI 1.90–7.57), carcinoma in anastomotic site (OR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.27–4.56) and diffuse type (Lauren classification) (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.04–3.73),while sex, initial diagnosis and lymphocytic infiltration were calculated no statistical difference. By genetic polymorphism analysis, “V-val” subtype of EBNA1 (OR = 21.84, 95% CI 11.92–31.76) and “C” subtype of BamHI-W1/I1 (OR = 7.07, 95% CI 1.47–34.03) were observed to be highly expressed in EBVaGRC. Conclusion EBV infection rate in the GRC was higher. Further analysis showed that Billroth-II, carcinoma in anastomotic site and diffuse type (Lauren classification) were associated to EBVaGRC. Through analysis of EBV genome polymorphisms, we thought that “V-val” subtype of EBNA1 and “C” subtype of BamHI-W1/I1 may become predictor of EBVaGRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Xingyong Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003 China
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Epstein-Barr Virus Genomes Reveal Population Structure and Type 1 Association with Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.02007-19. [PMID: 32581102 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02007-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL), the most prevalent pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa, is distinguished by its inclusion of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In order to better understand the impact of EBV variation in eBL tumorigenesis, we improved viral DNA enrichment methods and generated a total of 98 new EBV genomes from both eBL cases (n = 58) and healthy controls (n = 40) residing in the same geographic region in Kenya. Using our unbiased methods, we found that EBV type 1 was significantly more prevalent in eBL patients (74.5%) than in healthy children (47.5%) (odds ratio = 3.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.36 to 7.71, P = 0.007), as opposed to similar proportions in both groups. Controlling for EBV type, we also performed a genome-wide association study identifying six nonsynonymous variants in the genes EBNA1, EBNA2, BcLF1, and BARF1 that were enriched in eBL patients. In addition, viruses isolated from plasma of eBL patients were identical to their tumor counterparts consistent with circulating viral DNA originating from the tumor. We also detected three intertypic recombinants carrying type 1 EBNA2 and type 2 EBNA3 regions, as well as one novel genome with a 20-kb deletion, resulting in the loss of multiple lytic and virion genes. Comparing EBV types, viral genes displayed differential variation rates as type 1 appeared to be more divergent, while type 2 demonstrated novel substructures. Overall, our findings highlight the complexities of the EBV population structure and provide new insight into viral variation, potentially deepening our understanding of eBL oncogenesis.IMPORTANCE Improved viral enrichment methods conclusively demonstrate EBV type 1 to be more prevalent in eBL patients than in geographically matched healthy controls, which previously underrepresented the prevalence of EBV type 2. Genome-wide association analysis between cases and controls identifies six eBL-associated nonsynonymous variants in EBNA1, EBNA2, BcLF1, and BARF1 genes. Analysis of population structure reveals that EBV type 2 exists as two genomic subgroups and was more commonly found in female than in male eBL patients.
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Salas MQ, Prem S, Remberger M, Lam W, Kim DDH, Michelis FV, Al-Shaibani Z, Gerbitz A, Lipton JH, Viswabandya A, Kumar R, Kumar D, Mattsson J, Law AD. High incidence but low mortality of EBV-reactivation and PTLD after alloHCT using ATG and PTCy for GVHD prophylaxis. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:3198-3208. [PMID: 32715815 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1797010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We explore risk factors and impacts of post-transplant EBV-Reactivation (EBV-R) and PTLD in 270 patients that underwent RIC alloHCT using ATG-PTCy and cyclosporine for GVHD prophylaxis. Twenty-five (12%) patients had probable (n = 7) or proven (n = 18) PTLD. Patients were managed with reduction of immunosuppression and 22 with weekly rituximab (375 mg/m2 IV). ORR was 84%; 8 (32%) recipients died, and one-year OS and NRM of patients with PTLD was 59.7% and 37%, respectively. One hundred seventy-two (63.7%) recipients had EBV-R. One-year OS and RFS of patients with EBV-R were 68.2% and 60.6%, and of EBV-Negative patients were 62.1% and 50.1%, respectively. High incidence but low mortality of EBV-R and PTLD was documented. EBV-R induced a protective effect on RFS in multivariable analysis (HR 0.91, p = .011). Therefore, EBV-R may have a protective effect on RFS in this setting. Further research is necessary to evaluate the interplay of EBV-R, immune reconstitution, and post-transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Queralt Salas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia - Hospitalet, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shruti Prem
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mats Remberger
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University and KFUE, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wilson Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennis Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fotios Vasilios Michelis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zeyad Al-Shaibani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Armin Gerbitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Howard Lipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Auro Viswabandya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deepali Kumar
- Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonas Mattsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arjun Datt Law
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology. Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Saito S, Takeuchi T. Immune response in LPD during methotrexate administration (MTX-LPD) in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Clin Exp Hematop 2020; 59:145-155. [PMID: 31866617 PMCID: PMC6954173 DOI: 10.3960/jslrt.19028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is known as a first-line synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the risk of LPD development increases by RA inflammation itself, observation of spontaneous regression of LPD after MTX discontinuation lead to the theory of lymphomagenic role of MTX. In this review, we focused on the several immune response involved in LPD that developed under MTX administration in RA patients.
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Bakkalci D, Jia Y, Winter JR, Lewis JE, Taylor GS, Stagg HR. Risk factors for Epstein Barr virus-associated cancers: a systematic review, critical appraisal, and mapping of the epidemiological evidence. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010405. [PMID: 32257153 PMCID: PMC7125417 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infects 90%-95% of all adults globally and causes ~ 1% of all cancers. Differing proportions of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), gastric carcinoma (GC), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are associated with EBV. We sought to systematically review the global epidemiological evidence for risk factors that (in addition to EBV) contribute to the development of the EBV-associated forms of these cancers, assess the quality of the evidence, and compare and contrast the cancers. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched for studies of risk factors for EBV-associated BL, GC, HL and NPC without language or temporal restrictions. Studies were excluded if there was no cancer-free comparator group or where analyses of risk factors were inadequately documented. After screening and reference list searching, data were extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality assessed. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS 9916 hits were retrieved. 271 papers were retained: two BL, 24 HL, one GC and 244 NPC. The majority of studies were from China, North America and Western Europe. Risk factors were categorised as dietary, environmental/non-dietary, human genetic, and infection and clinical. Anti-EBV antibody load was associated with EBV-associated GC and BL. Although the evidence could be inconsistent, HLA-A alleles, smoking, infectious mononucleosis and potentially other infections were risk factors for EBV-associated HL. Rancid dairy products; anti-EBV antibody and EBV DNA load; history of chronic ear, nose and/or throat conditions; herbal medicine use; family history; and human genetics were risk factors for NPC. Fresh fruit and vegetable and tea consumption may be protective against NPC. CONCLUSIONS Many epidemiological studies of risk factors in addition to EBV for the EBV-associated forms of BL, GC, HL and NPC have been undertaken, but there is a dearth of evidence for GC and BL. Available evidence is of variable quality. The aetiology of EBV-associated cancers likely results from a complex intersection of genetic, clinical, environmental and dietary factors, which is difficult to assess with observational studies. Large, carefully designed, studies need to be strategically undertaken to harmonise and clarify the evidence. REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017059806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Bakkalci
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Yumeng Jia
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanne R Winter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Joint first authors, listed alphabetically
| | - Joanna Ea Lewis
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham S Taylor
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Helen R Stagg
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Joint senior authors
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Winter JR, Jackson C, Lewis JEA, Taylor GS, Thomas OG, Stagg HR. Predictors of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus and implications for vaccine policy: A systematic review of the literature. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010404. [PMID: 32257152 PMCID: PMC7125428 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an important human pathogen; it infects >90% people globally and is linked to infectious mononucleosis and several types of cancer. Vaccines against EBV are in development. In this study we present the first systematic review of the literature on risk factors for EBV infection, and discuss how they differ between settings, in order to improve our understanding of EBV epidemiology and aid the design of effective vaccination strategies. METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched on 6th March 2017 for observational studies of risk factors for EBV infection. Studies were excluded if they were published before 2008 to ensure relevance to the modern day, given the importance of influencing future vaccination policies. There were no language restrictions. After title, abstract and full text screening, followed by checking the reference lists of included studies to identify further studies, data were extracted into standardised spreadsheets and quality assessed. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS Seventy-seven papers met our inclusion criteria, including data from 31 countries. There was consistent evidence that EBV seroprevalence was associated with age, increasing throughout childhood and adolescence and remaining constant thereafter. EBV was generally acquired at younger ages in Asia than Europe/North America. There was also compelling evidence for an association between cytomegalovirus infection and EBV. Additional factors associated with EBV seroprevalence, albeit with less consistent evidence, included ethnicity, socioeconomic status, other chronic viral infections, and genetic variants of HLA and immune response genes. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first systematic review to draw together the global literature on the risk factors for EBV infection and includes an evaluation of the quality of the published evidence. Across the literature, the factors examined are diverse. In Asia, early vaccination of infants would be required to prevent EBV infection. In contrast, in Western countries a vaccine could be deployed later, particularly if it has only a short duration of protection and the intention was to protect against infectious mononucleosis. There is a lack of high-quality data on the prevalence and age of EBV infection outside of Europe, North America and South-East Asia, which are essential for informing effective vaccination policies in these settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne R Winter
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Jackson
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- MRC Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna EA Lewis
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling Methodology and Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Public Health, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Contributed equally and listed alphabetically
| | - Graham S Taylor
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Contributed equally and listed alphabetically
| | - Olivia G Thomas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen R Stagg
- Centre for Molecular Epidemiology and Translational Research, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Molecular characterization of Epstein-Barr virus variants detected in the oral cavity of adolescents in Cali, Colombia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 40:76-88. [PMID: 32463610 PMCID: PMC7449098 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an ubiquitous and oncogenic virus associated with the development of diseases such as infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and other neoplasms. Currently, two types are recognized: EBV-1 and EBV-2, which have genetic differences with their EBNA nuclear antigens. Likewise, due to the high degree of heterogeneity and variability found in the LMP1 protein of the virus, variants associated with pathogenesis or specific geographic regions have been described.
Objective: To identify and characterize molecularly EBV variants detected in the oral cavity of 84 adolescents in Cali, Colombia.
Materials and methods: Conventional PCR amplification, purification, and sequencing of the gen EBNA3C were carried out to typify the virus and the C-ter domain of the LMP1 protein to identify variants. We also conducted a phylogenetic and nucleotide variant analysis of the obtained sequences versus pathogenic or geographic variants reported in GenBank-NCBI.
Results: The predominant viral subtype was EBV-1 (79%); 72.6% was grouped with the pathogenic variant Raji, derived from B lymphocytes of a patient with Burkitt›s lymphoma, 13.7% was related to a variant of Mediterranean origin, and 13.7% was not grouped with any of the reference variants.
Conclusions: This is the first time that variants of LMP1-EBV have been identified in Cali, Colombia. Additional studies are necessary to characterize the unidentified variant and to determine if it is pathogenic or if it is just an isolate present in the city of Cali.
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Tabibzadeh A, Karbalaie Niya MH, Esghaei M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Ataei-Pirkooh A, Kiani SJ, Monavari SHR. Molecular Epidemiology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:693-698. [PMID: 32212795 PMCID: PMC7437315 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.3.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with different malignant diseases, such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and lymphoproliferative disorders. Patients with hematologic malignancies by variable severity could be suspected for the infection with different types of this virus. This preliminary study reported the genotyping and related viral load of Epstein-Barr virus in Iranian patients with hematologic malignancies for estimation of possible factors affecting malignancy. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HL (n=20), NHL (n=29), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) (n=18) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (n=12) were obtained. After DNA extraction, a nested-PCR and a conventional-PCR targeting EBNA-2 and EBNA-3C genes were performed. A real-time PCR assay for viral load quantitation carried out. Standard curve analysis used for evaluation of amplification specificity. Results: Of 79 included patients, 34 (43%) were EBV positive. There were 23.5% (8/34), 38.2% (13/34), 23.5% (8/34), 14.8% (5/34) in HL, NHL, ALL and CLL groups, respectively. Also, the main genotype was genotype I (91.2%) which it follows by 8.8% (3/34) genotype II. The real-time PCR assay showed the mean viral load ± std. deviation was 2.75×105 ± 1.202×106 copies/μg DNA and the higher viral load was seen in NHL patients. Conclusion: This preliminary investigation in Iran shows that the main EBV genotype into our region probably is genotype I (91.2%) which it is similar to others. We could not find any statistically significant association between the virus infection and viral load with any specific disease and patients’ demographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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