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Sha SP, Modak D, Sarkar S, Roy SK, Sah SP, Ghatani K, Bhattacharjee S. Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260071. [PMID: 37942074 PMCID: PMC10628478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are crucial components of a balanced diet and a good source of natural antioxidants, that have proven efficacy in various chronic illnesses. Various kinds of waste generated from fruit industries are considered a global concern. By utilizing this fruit waste, the international goal of "zero waste" can be achieved by sustainable utilization of these waste materials as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Moreover, to overcome this waste burden, research have focused on recovering the bioactive compounds from fruit industries and obtaining a new strategy to combat certain chronic diseases. The separation of high-value substances from fruit waste, including phytochemicals, dietary fibers, and polysaccharides which can then be used as functional ingredients for long-term health benefits. Several novel extraction technologies like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) could provide an alternative approach for successful extraction of the valuable bioactives from the fruit waste for their utilization as nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and value-added products. Most of these waste-derived secondary metabolites comprise polyphenols, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, insulin resistance-treating, cardiovascular disease-maintaining, probiotics-enhancing, or even anti-microbial and anti-viral capabilities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of fruit waste by-products in pharmacological, biological, and probiotic applications and highlights several methods for identifying efficacious bioactive compounds from fruit wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Prasad Sha
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Debabrata Modak
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sumit Prasad Sah
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Kriti Ghatani
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
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Lupeol protects against cardiac hypertrophy via TLR4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1989-2002. [PMID: 34916609 PMCID: PMC9343642 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis are main pathological processes that lead to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Lupeol, a natural triterpenoid, has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities as well as potential protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. In this study we investigated whether lupeol attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by pressure overload in vivo and in vitro, and explored the underlying mechanisms. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery, and in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) by stimulation with phenylephrine (PE) in vitro. We showed that administration of lupeol (50 mg ·kg-1· d-1, i.g., for 4 weeks) prevented the morphological changes and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in TAC mice, and treatment with lupeol (50 μg/mL) significantly attenuated the hypertrophy of PE-stimulated NRCMs, and blunted the upregulated hypertrophic markers ANP, BNP, and β-MHC. Furthermore, lupeol treatment attenuated the apoptotic and inflammatory responses in the heart tissue. We revealed that lupeol attenuated the inflammatory responses including the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and inhibition of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, which was mediated by the TLR4-PI3K-Akt signaling. Administration of a PI3K/Akt agonist 740 Y-P reversed the protective effects of lupeol in TAC mice as well as in PE-stimulated NRCMs. Moreover, pre-treatment with a TLR4 agonist RS 09 abolished the protective effects of lupeol and restored the inhibition of PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling by lupeol in PE-stimulated NRCMs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the lupeol protects against cardiac hypertrophy via anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which results from inhibiting the TLR4-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB signaling.
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Sohag AAM, Hossain MT, Rahaman MA, Rahman P, Hasan MS, Das RC, Khan MK, Sikder MH, Alam M, Uddin MJ, Rahman MH, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Islam T, Moon IS, Hannan MA. Molecular pharmacology and therapeutic advances of the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154012. [PMID: 35286936 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant triterpenoids are major sources of nutraceuticals that provide many health benefits to humans. Lupeol is one of the pentacyclic dietary triterpenoids commonly found in many fruits and vegetables, which is highly investigated for its pharmacological effect and benefit to human health. PURPOSE This systematic review critically discussed the potential pharmacological benefits of lupeol and its derivatives as evidenced by various cellular and animal model studies. To gain insight into the pharmacological effects of lupeol, the network pharmacological approach is applied. Pharmacokinetics and recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches to targeted delivery of lupeol along with its safety use are also discussed. METHODS This study is dependent on the systematic and non-exhaustive literature survey for related research articles, papers, and books on the chemistry, pharmacological benefits, pharmacokinetics, and safety of lupeol published between 2011 and 2021. For online materials, the popular academic search engines viz. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate, Springer, as well as official websites were explored with selected keywords. RESULTS Lupeol has shown promising benefits in the management of cancer and many other human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, kidney and liver problems, skin diseases, and neurological disorders. The pharmacological effects of lupeol primarily rely on its capacity to revitalize the cellular antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Network pharmacological approach revealed some prospective molecular targets and pathways and presented some significant information that could help explain the pharmacological effects of lupeol and its derivatives. Despite significant progress in molecular pharmacology, the clinical application of lupeol is limited due to poor bioavailability and insufficient knowledge on its mode of action. Structural modification and nanotechnology-guided targeted delivery of lupeol improve the bioavailability and bioactivity of lupeol. CONCLUSION The pentacyclic triterpene lupeol possesses numerous human health-benefiting properties. This review updates current knowledge and critically discusses the pharmacological effects and potential applications of lupeol and its derivatives in human health and diseases. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacies of lupeol and its derivatives in the management and pathobiology of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arifur Rahaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Papia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rakhal Chandra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kibria Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 780-714, Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Md Hasanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
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Hamdan DI, Hafez SS, Hassan WHB, Morsi MM, Khalil HMA, Ahmed YH, Ahmed-Farid OA, El-Shiekh RA. Chemical profiles with cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of Morus macroura Miq. leaves and stem branches dichloromethane fractions on isoprenaline induced post-MI depression. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3476-3493. [PMID: 35425386 PMCID: PMC8979319 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08320a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane (DCM) fractions of Morus macroura leaves (L) and stem branches (S) on post-myocardial infarction (MI) depression induced by isoprenaline (ISO) in rats in relation to their metabolites. The study was propped with a UPLC-ESI-MS/MS profiling and chromatographic isolation of the secondary metabolites. Column chromatography revealed the isolation of lupeol palmitate (6) that was isolated for the first time from nature with eight known compounds. In addition, more than forty metabolites belonging, mainly to flavonoids, and anthocyanins groups were identified. The rats were injected with ISO (85 mg kg−1, s.c) in the first two days, followed by the administration of M. macroura DCM-L and DCM-S fractions (200 mg kg−1 p.o) for 19 days. Compared with the ISO exposed rats, the treated rats displayed a reduction in cardiac biomarkers (LDH and CKMB), anxiety, and depressive-like behaviour associated with an increase in the brain defense system (SOD and GSH), neuronal cell energy, GABA, serotonin, and dopamine, confirmed by histopathological investigations. In conclusion, DCM-L and DCM-S fractions' cardioprotective and anti-depressive activities are attributed to their metabolite profile. Therefore, they could serve as a potential agent in amending post-MI depression. This study was conducted to explore the potential cardioprotective and anti-depressive effects of dichloromethane fractions of Morus macroura leaves and stem branches on post-myocardial infarction depression induced by isoprenaline in rats in relation to their metabolites.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University Shibin Elkom 32511 Egypt
| | - Samia S Hafez
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Wafaa H B Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Mai M Morsi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University Zagazig 44519 Egypt
| | - Heba M A Khalil
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt +201013666331
| | - Yasmine H Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University Giza 12211 Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research Giza Egypt
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt +201064763764
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Kabir N, Umar IA, Dama HA, James DB, Inuwa HM. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Novel Antidiabetic Compounds from Leaves of Momordica balsamina Linn and Leptadenia hastata (Pers) Decne. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:390-402. [PMID: 34567169 PMCID: PMC8457731 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.113632.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The antihyperglycemic effect of the polyherbal combination of the leaves of Momordica balsamina Linn (MB) and Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne (LH) have been reported in our previous study in addition to its documented dietary usages. However, the bioactive principles are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, bioactive antidiabetic compounds from the leaf extracts of Momordica balsamina Linn and Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne were isolated and characterized. The plant leaves were fractionated with solvents in ascending order of polarity (hexane-chloroform-ethylacetate-methanol) using microwave assisted extraction method. The ethylacetate (MBE) and methanolic (LHM) leaf extracts of MB and LH, having the highest antihyperglycemic effects were purified by column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. The antihyperglycemic activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the structures of the most bioactive compounds were elucidated by 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in comparison with reported literature. A pentacyclic triterpenoid (H3) and an isoflavone (LH2b) isolated from MBE and LHM with significant (p < 0.05) antihyperglycemic effects were identified as betulinic acid and 5-methyl genistein respectively. Our study isolated for the first time a triterpenoid and an isoflavone with potential antidiabetic effects from these indigenous antidiabetic plants. This further validates the traditional multi-therapeutic usage of the combination for the management of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafisatu Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa state-Nigeria
| | - Ismail A Umar
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Habila A Dama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Dorcas B James
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
| | - Hajiya M Inuwa
- Department of Biochemisty, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria
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Morocho V, Valarezo LP, Tapia DA, Cartuche L, Cumbicus N, Gilardoni G. A Rare Dirhamnosyl Flavonoid and Other Radical-Scavenging Metabolites from Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunt) Seem. (Capparaceae) of Ecuador. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100260. [PMID: 34139055 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemistry of Cynophalla mollis (Kunth) J. Presl and Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth), both belonging to the family Capparaceae, were investigated in this study for the first time. Lupeol, betulin, lutein, stachydrine and quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside were isolated from C. mollis, whereas C. scabridum afforded lupeol, lutein, stachydrine, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, betonicine and narcissoside. All these compounds were purified by preparative liquid chromatography, in both open column and instrumental (MPLC) separation systems. Preparative TLC was also applied. They were all identified by 1 H- and 13 C-NMR experiments. The complete structure of the very rare flavonoid quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside was fully elucidated through DEPT-135, COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments, together with UV/VIS and FT-IR spectrophotometry. Complete NMR data for quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside in deuterated methanol were presented here for the first time. All the extracts did not exert antioxidant activity at the maximum tested dose of 1 mg/mL. Three out of the nine isolated compounds exerted a good spectrum of antioxidant capacity, being narcissoside the most active against ABTS radicals, with SC50 =12.43 μM. It was followed by lutein and quercetin-3,4'-di-O-rhamnoside, with 40.92 μM and 46.10 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Morocho
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Leslye Paola Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - David Andrés Tapia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Luis Cartuche
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Nixon Cumbicus
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuaria, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Gianluca Gilardoni
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, 1101608, Ecuador
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Sharma P, Shri R, Ntie-Kang F, Kumar S. Phytochemical and Ethnopharmacological Perspectives of Ehretia laevis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123489. [PMID: 34201193 PMCID: PMC8228998 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehretia laevis Roxb. (Boraginaceae) has been extensively used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of a diverse range of ailments related to the respiratory system, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive system, and against several infections. This review critically assesses and documents, for the first time, the fragmented information on E. laevis, including its botanical description, folklore uses, bioactive phyto metabolites and pharmacological activities. The goal is to explore this plant therapeutically. Ethnomedicinal surveys reveal that E. laevis has been used by tribal communities in Asian countries for the treatment of various disorders. Quantitative and qualitative phytochemical investigations of E. laevis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as pentacyclic triterpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids, aliphatic alcohols, hydrocarbons, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Fresh plant parts, crude extracts, fractions and isolated compounds have been reported to exhibit broad spectrum of therapeutic activities viz., antioxidant, antiarthritic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antidiarrheal, antidysenteric, wound healing and anti-infective activities. E. laevis is shown to be an excellent potential source of drugs for the mitigation of jaundice, asthma, dysentery, ulcers, diarrhea, ringworm, eczema, diabetes, fissure, syphilis, cuts and wounds, inflammation, liver problems, venereal and infectious disorders. Although few investigations authenticated its traditional uses but employed uncharacterized crude extracts of the plant, the major concerns raised are reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy and safety of plant material. The outcomes of limited pharmacological screening and reported bioactive compounds of E. laevis suggest that there is an urgent need for in-depth pharmacological investigations of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Manawala, Amritsar 143001, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India or (P.S.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.N.-K.); (S.K.)
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Shoman ME, Aboelez MO, Shaykhon MSA, Ahmed SA, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Elhady OM. New nicotinic acid-based 3,5-diphenylpyrazoles: design, synthesis and antihyperlipidemic activity with potential NPC1L1 inhibitory activity. Mol Divers 2021; 25:673-686. [PMID: 32067133 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid hydrazide was incorporated into new 4,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-3,5-diphenylpyrazol-1-yl derivatives. Compounds 6a-h were synthesized, and their antihyperlipidemic activity was evaluated in high cholesterol diet-fed rat model. Compounds 6e, 6f were found to decrease the levels of serum total cholesterol by 14-19% compared to control group. Total triglycerides were also reduced by 24-28% and LDL cholesterol by 16%. As expected from parent niacin, compounds 6e and 6f caused an elevation of HDL cholesterol by 33-41%. Docking study supported the ability of designed compounds to block NPC1L1 active site in a manner similar to that observed with ezetimibe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
| | - Montaser Sh A Shaykhon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
| | | | - Omar M Elhady
- Department of Chemistry, Sohag University, Sohâg, 82524, Egypt
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Xu M, Li X, Song L, Tao C, Fang J, Tao L. Lupeol alleviates coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis in mice via downregulating toll-like receptor 4. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520910908. [PMID: 32290748 PMCID: PMC7158257 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of lupeol in a mouse model of viral myocarditis induced by coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3). Methods Mice were separated into controls (DMEM, n = 20) and CVB3 infected groups (i.e., untreated CVB3 [n = 40]; CVB3 + lupeol 50 mg/kg [n = 40]; CVB3 + lupeol 100 mg/kg [n = 40]; CVB3 + small interfering RNA (siRNA)- toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) [n = 20]; siRNA + EXP-H mice [n = 20]). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western-blot assay, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and histopathology were performed to investigate the cardioprotective role of lupeol. Results The elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CVB3-infected mice (i.e., interleukin-1β [IL-1β]; interleukin-6 [IL-6]; tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were significantly reduced by lupeol 50 or 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, the mRNA level and protein level of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were inhibited by lupeol. Conclusions Lupeol alleviates CVB3-induced viral myocarditis and myocardial damage in mice. The underlying mechanism may due to downregulation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China *Ming Xu and Xiaoyong Li are co-first authors
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, P.R. China *Ming Xu and Xiaoyong Li are co-first authors
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Liu K, Zhang X, Xie L, Deng M, Chen H, Song J, Long J, Li X, Luo J. Lupeol and its derivatives as anticancer and anti-inflammatory agents: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 164:105373. [PMID: 33316380 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol is a natural triterpenoid that widely exists in edible fruits and vegetables, and medicinal plants. In the last decade, a plethora of studies on the pharmacological activities of lupeol have been conducted and have demonstrated that lupeol possesses an extensive range of pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that absorption of lupeol by animals was rapid despite its nonpolar characteristics, and lupeol belongs to class II BCS (biopharmaceutics classification system) compounds. Moreover, the bioactivities of some isolated or synthesized lupeol derivatives have been investigated, and these results showed that, with modification to C-3 or C-19, some derivatives exhibit stronger activities, e.g., antiprotozoal or anticancer activity. This review aims to summarize the advances in pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies of lupeol in the last decade with an emphasis on its anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as the research progress of lupeol derivatives thus far, to provide researchers with the latest information, point out the limitations of relevant research at the current stage and the aspects that should be strengthened in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xumin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Mao Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiawen Song
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Jiaying Long
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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Lupeol Counteracts the Proinflammatory Signalling Triggered in Macrophages by 7-Keto-Cholesterol: New Perspectives in the Therapy of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:1232816. [PMID: 33062133 PMCID: PMC7537694 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1232816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and polarization play a central role in atherosclerotic plaque fate. The M1/M2 activation phenotypes represent two profiles of the macrophage polarization state. During atherosclerosis regression or stabilization, macrophages switch from M1 proinflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory reparative one. Here, we investigated whether the natural compound lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpene, induces phenotypical and functional changes in human M1 macrophages and counteracts the proinflammatory signalling triggered by 7-keto-cholesterol (7KC), a major product of oxidative stress-mediated cholesterol oxidation. Flow cytometric and immunochemical analysis showed that the treatment with lupeol of M1 monocyte-derived macrophages M(IFN-γ/LPS) specifically stimulated these cells to upregulate the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-)10 and TGF-β, and of the scavenger receptor CD36, whereas downregulated the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12 and the M1 activation marker HLA-DR. Pretreatment of macrophages with lupeol prevented the release of IL-12, IL-1β, and the upregulation of HLA-DR expression triggered by 7KC and increased the IL-10 production and CD36 expression. This treatment also prevented the impairment of endocytosis triggered by 7KC and prevented 7KC-induced foam cell formation by reducing the lipid droplet accumulation in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages, whereas showed an additive effect in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Western blotting analysis of autophagy markers LC3-I/II and p62-SQSTM1 in M1-polarized THP-1 macrophages demonstrated that lupeol activated autophagy as indicated by increased LC3-II levels, and by marked inhibition of p62. These findings indicate that lupeol has a cytoprotective effect on 7KC-proinflammatory signalling by efficiently switching the macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, probably through the activation of the autophagy pathway by increasing ROS production, the reduction of cellular lipid accumulation, and an overall reduction of proinflammatory phenotype. Thus, our data demonstrating an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of lupeol in human M1 macrophages suggest its usefulness as an adjunctive drug in the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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Shea Nut Oil Extracts Enhance the Intra-Articular Sodium Hyaluronate Effectiveness on Surgically Induced OA Progression in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040957. [PMID: 32235555 PMCID: PMC7230975 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) progression is associated with joint pain and stiffness. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IAHA) injection in knee OA restores the viscoelasticity of the joint and prevents cartilage damage. Shea nut oil extract (SNO) was shown to provide chondroprotection on surgically-induced OA progression in rats. Here we aim to examine IAHA injection supplemented with SNO diet for a synergetic evaluation on the disease progression in OA rats. We employed an anterior cruciate ligament transection plus medial meniscectomy-induced knee OA rat model with up to 12 weeks of sign/behavior observation (knee width, weight-bearing) and histological assessments of joint damage. We found both IAHA and SNO alone significantly attenuated histological changes of cartilage degeneration and synovial reactions in these knee OA rats. Nonetheless, oral SNO alone mitigated OA pain and inflammation while IAHA alone had no significant impact on the weight-bearing test and knee joint swelling. Moreover, with IAHA-treated rats fed with oral SNO diet, additional anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects were found, which further enhanced and maintained IAHA protection. Given the differential phenotype of oral SNO vs. IAHA, a regimen of IAHA coupled with SNO supplement provides a long-term effect of IAHA treatment. Taken together, the SNO supplement can be safely used as an adjuvant diet for chronic symptomatic relief of OA coupled with IAHA management.
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Endothelial Nitric Oxide Mediates the Anti-Atherosclerotic Action of Torenia concolor Lindley var. Formosama Yamazaki. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041532. [PMID: 32102326 PMCID: PMC7073175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Torenia concolor Lindley var. formosama Yamazaki ethanolic extract (TCEE) is reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity properties. However, the effects of TCEE and its underlying mechanisms in the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) have not yet been investigated. Increasing the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) production has been known to be beneficial against the development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of TCEE on eNOS activation and NO-related endothelial function and inflammation by using an in vitro system. In endothelial cells (ECs), TCEE increased NO production in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting the expression of eNOS. In addition, TCEE increased the phosphorylation of eNOS at serine 635 residue (Ser635) and Ser1179, Akt at Ser473, calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) at threonine residue 286 (Thr286), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) at Thr172. Moreover, TCEE-induced NO production, and EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation were diminished by pretreatment with LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor), KN62 (a CaMKII inhibitor), and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor). Additionally, TCEE attenuated the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced inflammatory response as evidenced by the expression of adhesion molecules in ECs and monocyte adhesion onto ECs. These inflammatory effects of TCEE were abolished by L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (an NOS inhibitor). Moreover, chronic treatment with TCEE attenuated hyperlipidemia, systemic and aortic inflammatory response, and the atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that TCEE may confer protection from atherosclerosis by preventing endothelial dysfunction.
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AlSaad AM, Mohany M, Almalki MS, Almutham I, Alahmari AA, AlSulaiman M, Al-Rejaie SS. Baicalein Neutralizes Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Aggravation of Oxidative Injury in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1156-1166. [PMID: 32547311 PMCID: PMC7294921 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as it triggers oxidative and pro-inflammatory cascades. Baicalein (BL) is a natural flavone with multiple therapeutic properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of BL supplementation in hypercholesterolaemic rats. Rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for six weeks and then orally administered BL at two doses (25 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) for four weeks. Serum lipids, liver enzymes, cardiac enzymes, renal markers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), caspase-3, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin-2 (PGE-2) were measured. In renal, hepatic, and cardiac tissues, thiobarbituric acid-reactive (TBARS) substance, glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured. The altered levels of lipoproteins, aminotransferases, creatine kinases, and urea in hypercholesterolemic animals were significantly corrected by BL. Inflammatory and apoptotic biomarkers were also markedly attenuated in the HCD group following BL treatment. Hypercholesterolemia considerably induced the lipid peroxidation product, TBARS, and oxidative radicals in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues, which were attenuated by BL treatment, particularly, at the 50 mg/kg/day dose. BL enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase that were suppressed by HCD. Histological alterations induced by cholesterol overload in cardiac, hepatic, and renal tissues were ameliorated by BL supplementation. Our results show that the BL treatments (25 and 50 mg/kg/day) to HCD fed rats improved all the altered parameters. These results demonstrate that BL treatment improves cardiac, renal and hepatic dysfunctions in hypercholesterolaemic rats by activation of cellular antioxidant enzymes and/or suppression of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Ms AlSaad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Almutham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab A Alahmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlSulaiman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim S Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 55760, Riyadh - 1145, Saudi Arabia
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Sundaram R, Ayyakkannu P, Muthu K, Nazar SP, Palanivelu S, Panchanatham S. Acyclic Isoprenoid Attenuates Lipid Anomalies and Inflammatory Changes in Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2019; 34:395-406. [PMID: 31686726 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of acyclic isoprenoid on high fat diet fed rats. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by the diet comprising of the normal rat chow 84.3%, lard 5%, yolk powder 10%, cholesterol 0.2% and 0.5% bile salt were fed to the rats for the period of 8 weeks. The results showed that abnormally elevated levels of plasma lipid profiles. Three different doses of acyclic isoprenoid (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w/day) were administered orally to hypercholesterolemia suffering rats for the period of 30 days. Among these three doses of acyclic isoprenoid, the dose 80 mg/kg b.w. was significantly decreased the plasma lipid profiles when compared to other two doses. The effect produced by acyclic isoprenoid (80 mg/kg b.w) was comparable to that of simvastatin. Therefore, 80 mg/kg b.w was fixed as a effective dose and used for further analyses. Acyclic isoprenoid administration reinstated the elevated levels of cardiac and inflammatory markers in both blood and serum of hypercholesterolemic rats. In addition, acyclic isoprenoid administration decreased activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase and increased the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase. These findings suggest that the administration of acyclic isoprenoid was potentially ameliorated the cardiac marker enzymes and inflammatory markers in addition to its antihypercholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Sundaram
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113 India
- 2Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi University, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095 India
| | | | - Karuppiah Muthu
- 4Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu 627012 India
| | - Sohara Parveen Nazar
- 2Department of Central Research Laboratory, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi University, Maduravoyal, Chennai, 600095 India
| | - Shanthi Palanivelu
- 5Department of Pathology, Dr. ALM P-G, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113 India
| | - Sachdanandam Panchanatham
- 1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM P-G, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113 India
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Screening of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibition Potentials of Portuguese Pimpinella anisum L. Seeds by GC-MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Silva ATME, Magalhães CG, Duarte LP, Mussel WDN, Ruiz ALTG, Shiozawa L, Carvalho JED, Trindade IC, Vieira Filho SA. Lupeol and its esters: NMR, powder XRD data and in vitro evaluation of cancer cell growth. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000300251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Yuan Y, Wu J, Li B, Niu J, Tan H, Qiu S. Regulation of Signaling Pathways Involved in the Anti-proliferative and Apoptosis-inducing Effects of M22 against Non-small Cell Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:992. [PMID: 29343765 PMCID: PMC5772365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The compound 29-(4-methylpiperazine)-luepol (M22), a novel derivative of lupeol has shown anti-proliferative effects against the human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cell line. M22 showed significant anti-proliferative activity at 6.80 μM and increased accumulation of G1 cells and effectively suppressed expression of the G1 arrest-related genes cyclins D1 and E1, CDK2 and CDC25A. This was further confirmed by Western blotting demonstrating decreased cyclin D1 and CDC25A protein levels. Furthermore, M22 caused induction of apoptosis that downregulated the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 gene and increased expression of BAX, CASP3 and CASP9 as well as the APAF1 gene. The effect of caspase-induced apoptosis was confirmed by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Taken together, our findings indicated that M22 possessed potent anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiewei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bailin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jia Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.
| | - Shengxiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, P. R. China.
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Chen D, Xu F, Zhang P, Deng J, Sun H, Wen X, Liu J. Practical Synthesis of α-Amyrin, β-Amyrin, and Lupeol: The Potential Natural Inhibitors of Human Oxidosqualene Cyclase. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 29027714 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of α-amyrin (1), β-amyrin (2), and lupeol (3) was accomplished in total yields of 32, 42, and 40% starting from easily available ursolic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), and betulin (6), respectively. Remarkably, these three natural pentacyclic triterpenes exhibited potential inhibitory activity against human oxidosqualene cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoan Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Tsai FS, Lin LW, Wu CR. Lupeol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 929:145-175. [PMID: 27771924 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lupeol belongs to pentacyclic lupane-type triterpenes and exhibits in edible vegetables, fruits and many plants. Many researches indicated that lupeol possesses many beneficial pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemic and anti-mutagenic effects. From various disease-targeted animal models, these reports indicated that lupeol has anti-diabetic, anti-asthma, anti-arthritic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, neuroprotective and anticancer efficiency under various routes of administration such as topical, oral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intravenous. It is worth mentioning that clinical trials of lupeol were performed to treat canine oral malignant melanoma and human moderate skin acne in Japan and Korea. The detailed mechanism of anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer activities was further reviewed from published papers. These evidence indicate that lupeol is a multi-target agent to exert diverse pharmacological potency with many potential targeting proteins such as α-glucosidase, α-amylase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and TCA cycle enzymes and targeting pathway such as IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (IRAK-TLR4), Bcl-2 family, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. This review also provides suggestion that lupeol might be a valuable and potential lead compound to develop as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Shiu Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Lin
- School of Chinese Medicines for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 82445, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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21
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Mosa RA, Hlophe NB, Ngema NT, Penduka D, Lawal OA, Opoku AR. Cardioprotective potential of a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3244-3248. [PMID: 27572517 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1223144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The current rapid increase in the incidence of cardiovascular events indicates a need for the discovery of more effective cardioprotective agents. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cardioprotective potential of a lanosteryl triterpene from Protorhus longifolia (Benrh.) Engl. stem bark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spectroscopic data analysis was used to confirm the structure of methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9, 24-dien-21-oate (RA-3). The cardioprotective effect of RA-3 in isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemic rats was investigated. Rats were divided into the normal diet (ND) fed and high fat diet (HFD) fed groups. The HFD rats were further subdivided into three groups. The experimental group was orally administered with RA-3 (100 mg/kg) for 15 days. The rats were then injected with isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) to induce myocardial injury. At the end of the experiment, hearts and blood tissues were collected and used for histology and biochemical assays, respectively. RESULTS RA-3 exhibited a cardioprotective effect as it minimized myocardial injury in HFD rats. Few lesions of acute hyaline degeneration and reduced fat deposition were observed in the heart tissue of the triterpene pretreated rats. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was decreased in the blood of the RA-3 pretreated rats (44.1 mU/mL) compared to the untreated group (64.8 mU/mL). Increased glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT) activity along with lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the triterpene pretreated animals (120.8 nmol/μL) than in the non-treated HFD fed rats (143.6 nmol/μL) were also observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The cardioprotective effect exhibited by RA-3 indicates its potential use in the management of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebamang A Mosa
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Nomadlozi B Hlophe
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Namani T Ngema
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Dambudzo Penduka
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
| | - Oladipupo A Lawal
- b Natural Products Research Unit , Lagos State University , Ojo , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - Andy R Opoku
- a Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology , University of Zululand , KwaDlangezwa , South Africa
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Olorunnisola OS, Adetutu A, Afolayan AJ, Owoade AO. Effect of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Talinum triangulare (Jacq). Willd. on Biochemical Parameters in Diet induced Dyslipidemia Wistar Rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:333-339. [PMID: 27867278 PMCID: PMC5096282 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.192194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Talinum triangulare on hematological parameters, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, and serum lipid in Wistar rats fed standard laboratory, or 2% cholesterol-enrich diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar rats (180-210g) divided into six groups of six animals (males) each were fed 2% cholesterol-enriched diet and orally treated with 0.9% saline or extract of Talinum triangulare (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg per body weight) daily for eight weeks. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation (MDA), hematological parameters, and their functional indices and serum antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione -S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase) activities and glutathione status were assessed in normal and diet-induced hypercholesterolemic extract treated rats and compared with the rats treated with 100 mg/kg per bwt standard drug gemfibrozil. RESULTS A significant (P < 0.05) increase in lipid profile (total glyceride, total cholestrol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein), MDA and reduction (P < 0.05) in enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status coupled with alterations in hematological parameters was observed in the serum of hypercholesterolemic rats when compared with animals on a normal diet. Coadministration of methanolic leaf extracts of Talinum triangulare or gemfibrozil significantly (P < 0.05) restored the elevated serum lipid profile, MDA, and the deranged hematological parameters to near normal. The extract also protected against hypercholesterolemic-induced diminished enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status. The activities of the plant extract are dose (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) dependent and it compared favorably with the standard drug gemfibrozil. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that the extract of Talinum triangulare might protect against hypercholesterolemic-induced altered lipid profiles, oxidative stress, and also improve the status of antioxidant defense system and hematopoiesis. SUMMARY Elevated lipid profile (total glyceride, total cholestrol, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and reduced enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant status coupled with alterations in hematological parameters was observed in the serum of hypercholesterolemic rats when compared with animals on a normal dietCoadministration of methanolic leaf extracts of Talinum triangulare significantly (P < 0.05) restored the elevated serum lipid profile, MDA, and the deranged hematological parameters to near normal.The extract also protected against hypercholesterolemic-induced diminished enzymatic and bnonenzymatic antioxidant status.The activities of the plant extract was dose-dependent and it compared favorably with the standard drug gemfibrozil. Abbreviations used: Lipid peroxidation (MDA), (catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), Thrombocytes indices (PLT), Red blood cell (RBC), Packed cell volume (PVC), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), Total glyceride (TG), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), Total cholesterol (TC), Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase(HMG-CoA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center. University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Adewale Adetutu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Jide Afolayan
- Medicinal Plant and Economic Development (MPED) Research Center. University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Abiodun Olusoji Owoade
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Chtourou Y, Slima AB, Makni M, Gdoura R, Fetoui H. Naringenin protects cardiac hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress and subsequent necroptosis in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1090-7. [PMID: 26481526 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In earlier studies, the supplementation of the natural compound Naringenin (NGEN), improved the liver oxidative and inflammatory status, which indicates its direct effect via inhibition of the nuclear factor κB pathway on high cholesterol-induced hepatic damages. In this regard, the present study highlights the mechanisms associated with the protective efficacy of NGEN in the heart tissue of hypercholesterolemic diet rats. RESULTS The animals exposed to a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 90 days exhibited a significant increase in the levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, nitric oxide (NO) levels, protein and lipid oxidative markers and cardiac lipids profile. Moreover, hypercholesterolemia decreased the levels of enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidants associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions as proved by the decrease in the mitochondrial complexes in comparison to controls. Importantly, cholesterol-feeding significantly increased myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear DNA damage and led to the activation of gene expression of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) mRNA that contributed to the elucidation of cholesterol-induced necroptosis, a recently described type of programmed necrosis, in the cardiac tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the co-administration of NGEN (50 mg/kg/bw) in HCD rats improved all the altered parameters and provided insight into a possible molecular mechanism underlying NGEN suppression of necroptosis pathway in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Chtourou
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ahlem Ben Slima
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Makni
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Kallubai M, Rachamallu A, Yeggoni DP, Subramanyam R. Comparative binding mechanism of lupeol compounds with plasma proteins and its pharmacological importance. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2015; 11:1172-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding of lupeol compounds with plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kallubai
- Department of Plant Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
| | - Aparna Rachamallu
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology
- Axis Clinicals Building
- Hyderabad
- India
| | | | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
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Amelioration of Lipid Profile and Level of Antioxidant Activities by Epigallocatechin-gallate in a Rat Model of Atherogenesis. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:1194-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rathore K, Singh VK, Jain P, Rao SP, Ahmed Z, Singh VD. In-vitro and in-vivo antiadipogenic, hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activity of Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1171-1176. [PMID: 25010927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant Diospyros melanoxylon (Roxb) belongs to the family Ebenaceae that is native to India and Sri-lanka. This is a medium-sized tree, reaching a height of 15 m and is well known for its beedi making leaves throughout the world. The purpose of the present study is to assess the effect of Diospyros melanoxylon leaves petroleum ether extract on blood glucose level, lipid level, insulin level, body weight, water and food intake in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two different doses of extract AK001 (250 mg/kg) and AK002 (500 mg/kg) of Diospyros melanoxylon leaves were taken to evaluate different activities. The animals were divided into five groups namely normal control, diabetic control, reference group, AK001 and AK002 each containing six animals for in-vivo study. In-vitro study for antiadipogen activity was performed on 3T3-L1 cell line. RESULTS The extract showed dose dependent fall in Fasting Glucose Level (FSG) in experimental diabetic animals with significant reduction in food and water intake and increase in body weight. The extract exhibited hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects while increased level of HDL in diabetes induced rats. In-vitro activity showed more than 75% viability of cells and significant inhibition in differentiated cells as compared to non-differentiate cells in 3T3-L1 cell line. The extract exhibited the concentration-dependent inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 689.22 μg/ml. CONCLUSIONS The extract exhibited significant results for antiadipogenic, antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity both in-vivo and in-vitro and it may prove to be effective for the treatment of both types of diabetes, i.e. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) and Noninsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Rathore
- University Teaching Department, Sarguja University, Amibakpur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Singh
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Village Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Parag Jain
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Village Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - S Prakash Rao
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Village Tekari, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Veena D Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Machaba KE, Cobongela SZZ, Mosa RA, Oladipupo LA, Djarova TG, Opoku AR. In vivo anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the triterpene from the stem bark of Protorhus longifolia (Benrh) Engl. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:131. [PMID: 25127687 PMCID: PMC4246574 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperlipidemia, a metabolic disorder of lipids, is a well known risk factor of cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome. In this study, the in vivo lipid-lowering activity of the triterpene (Methyl-3β-hydroxylanosta-9,24-dien-21-oate), isolated from the stem bark of Protorhus longifolia, in high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats was investigated. METHODS Structure of the isolated compound was established and confirmed based on spectral (NMR, HRMS, IR) data analysis. Rats were divided into two groups; normal group (fed the normal commercial rats' chow) and the HFD group. After 21 days of experimental period on their respective diets, the HFD rats were sub-divided into 4 groups of six rats per group. Two of the HFD groups were orally treated with the triterpene (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. At the end of the experimental periods, the rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. RESULTS The results show that there were significant increases in total serum cholesterol (TC, 15.72 mmol/L) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c, 7.41 mmol/L) with a reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c, 14.75 mmol/L) in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats after 21 days. Oral administration of the triterpene (100 mg/kg.bw and 200 mg/kg.bw) for a period of 15 days resulted in significant lowering of the levels of TC (7.51 mmol/L) and LDL-c (4.46 mmol/L) with an increase in HDL-c (47.3 mmol/L) in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Significant decrease in atherogenic index and coronary risk index by the triterpene was observed in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats. CONCLUSIONS The triterpene could effectively reduce or control the amount of serum cholesterol and LDL. It is apparent that the compound could contribute to new formulation with significant hypolipidemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andy R Opoku
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886, Republic of South Africa.
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Nazaruk J, Borzym-Kluczyk M. The role of triterpenes in the management of diabetes mellitus and its complications. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2014; 14:675-690. [PMID: 26213526 PMCID: PMC4513225 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million people had diabetes and within the next 20 years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin production, and/or decreasing the level of blood glucose. Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. Triterpenes seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, prevent the development of insulin resistance and normalize plasma glucose and insulin levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activity. Triterpenes are also promising agents in the prevention of diabetic complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy, embryopathy, neuropathy or impaired wound healing. Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of triterpenes in treating diabetes. However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nazaruk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
| | - M. Borzym-Kluczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Mickiewicza 2a Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland
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Lupeol Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure and Lipid Metabolism Parameters in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:183-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Vijay Avin B, Prabhu T, Ramesh C, Vigneshwaran V, Riaz M, Jayashree K, Prabhakar B. New role of lupeol in reticence of angiogenesis, the cellular parameter of neoplastic progression in tumorigenesis models through altered gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:139-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Thilakarathna SH, Wang Y, Rupasinghe HV, Ghanam K. Apple peel flavonoid- and triterpene-enriched extracts differentially affect cholesterol homeostasis in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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DIOL triterpenes block profibrotic effects of angiotensin II and protect from cardiac hypertrophy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41545. [PMID: 22844495 PMCID: PMC3402387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The natural triterpenes, erythrodiol and uvaol, exert anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxing and anti-proliferative effects. Angiotensin II is a well-known profibrotic and proliferative agent that participates in the cardiac remodeling associated with different pathological situations through the stimulation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the preventive effects of the natural triterpenes erythrodiol and uvaol on the proliferation and collagen production induced by angiotensin II in cardiac myofibroblasts. Their actions on cardiac hypertrophy triggered by angiotensin II were also studied. Methodology/Principal Findings The effect of erythrodiol and uvaol on angiotensin II-induced proliferation was evaluated in cardiac myofibroblasts from adult rats in the presence or the absence of the inhibitors of PPAR-γ, GW9662 or JNK, SP600125. The effect on collagen levels induced by angiotensin II was evaluated in cardiac myofibroblasts and mouse heart. The presence of low doses of both triterpenes reduced the proliferation of cardiac myofibroblasts induced by angiotensin II. Pretreatment with GW9662 reversed the effect elicited by both triterpenes while SP600125 did not modify it. Both triterpenes at high doses produced an increase in annexing-V binding in the presence or absence of angiotensin II, which was reduced by either SP600125 or GW9662. Erythrodiol and uvaol decreased collagen I and galectin 3 levels induced by angiotensin II in cardiac myofribroblasts. Finally, cardiac hypertrophy, ventricular remodeling, fibrosis, and increases in myocyte area and brain natriuretic peptide levels observed in angiotensin II-infused mice were reduced in triterpene-treated animals. Conclusions/Significance Erythrodiol and uvaol reduce cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricle remodeling induced by angiotensin II in mice by diminishing fibrosis and myocyte area. They also modulate growth and survival of cardiac myofibroblasts. They inhibit the angiotensin II-induced proliferation in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner, while at high doses they activate pathways of programmed cell death that are dependent on JNK and PPAR-γ.
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Yadav H, Mungara P, Jivrajani M, Nivsarkar M, Anandjiwala S. TLC-DENSITOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF NEGUNDOSIDE, URSOLIC ACID, EUGENOL, LUPEOL, ANDβ-SITOSTEROL USING HPTLC FROMVITEX NEGUNDOLEAVES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.619044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hemendra Yadav
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Pankaj Mungara
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Mehul Jivrajani
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Manish Nivsarkar
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
| | - Sheetal Anandjiwala
- a Department of Natural Products , National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) – Ahmedabad , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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MT1-MMP expression level status dictates the in vitro action of lupeol on inflammatory biomarkers MMP-9 and COX-2 in medulloblastoma cells. Inflammopharmacology 2012; 21:91-9. [PMID: 22707305 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0142-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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35
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Omara EA, Aly HF, Nada SA. Chitosan induced hepato-nephrotoxicity in mice with special reference to gender effect in glycolytic enzymes activities. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 62:29-40. [PMID: 22154824 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is an antilipidemic dietary supplement used as a diet aide. The present study investigated the effect of sex-toxicity relationship between male and female mice orally given two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) for 35 days. Chitosan treatment caused significant elevation in transaminases (ALT, AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in liver and in serum urea and creatinine in dose dependent manner; no sex differences between-treated groups. Lipid profile parameters significantly decreased and significant increase in glycolytic enzymes activities in all treatment groups. Female mice treated with chitosan (300 mg/kg) had significant reduction in lipid profile parameters than the same dose of male group. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities significantly enhanced without sex differences, while glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and hexokinase (HK) significantly elevated in the higher dose of females than male. Histopathological study of liver and kidney tissues showed moderate to severe histopathological changes depend on the dose and gender difference. Image analysis resulted significant depletion in glycogen and protein contents especially in female more than male. These results indicated that female mice were more susceptible to the toxic effect of chitosan than males when administered with the higher dose for a long period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayat A Omara
- Pathology Dept., National Research Centre, P.O. 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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Girija K, Lakshman K. Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of methanol extracts of three plants of Amaranthus in triton-WR 1339 induced hyperlipidemic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Fayed SA, Osman M, Mahmoud GI, Romeilah RM. Lupin seeds lower plasma lipid concentrations and normalize antioxidant parameters in rats. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2011. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.056310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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38
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Improvement of lipid profile and antioxidant of hypercholesterolemic albino rats by polysaccharides extracted from the green alga Ulva lactuca Linnaeus. Saudi J Biol Sci 2011; 18:333-40. [PMID: 23961145 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca were extracted in hot water and precipitated by ethanol then orally gavaged to rats fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet for 21 days to evaluate the antihypercholesterolemic and antioxidant actions. Atorvastatine Ca (Lipitor) was used as a reference drug. The intragastric administration of U. lactuca extract to hypercholesterolemic rats caused significant decrease of serum total lipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and vLDL-cholesterol levels. Whereas, HDL-cholesterol concentration was markedly increased by 180%. Aqueous extract showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities of hypercholesterolemic group. Furthermore, serum activities of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were also improved. High fat diet intake caused a highly significantly elevated serum urea, creatinine concentration. These effects were reversed by oral administration of U. lactuca extract. Sulfates polysaccharides extract of U. lactuca ameliorate hepatic enzymatic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase), non-enzymatic (reduced glutathione & total thiol) antioxidant defenses and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In conclusion, the tested U. lactuca polysaccharides extract has potent hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemic animal model.
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Beneficial health effects of lupeol triterpene: A review of preclinical studies. Life Sci 2011; 88:285-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Sheng H, Sun H. Synthesis, biology and clinical significance of pentacyclic triterpenes: a multi-target approach to prevention and treatment of metabolic and vascular diseases. Nat Prod Rep 2011; 28:543-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c0np00059k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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41
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Singh N, Khatoon S, Srivastava N, Rawat A, Mehrotra S. Qualitative and quantitative standardization ofMyrica esculentaBuch.-Ham. stem bark by use of HPTLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2009. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.22.2009.4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Lupeol, a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer dietary triterpene. Cancer Lett 2009; 285:109-15. [PMID: 19464787 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the Western world, an average of 250 mg per day of triterpenes (member of phytosterol family), largely derived from vegetable oils, cereals, fruits and vegetables is consumed by humans. During the last decade, there has been an unprecedented escalation of interest in triterpenes due to their cholesterol-lowering properties and evidence of this phenomenon include at least 25 clinical studies, 20 patents and at least 10 major commercially triterpene-based products currently being sold all around the world. Lupeol a triterpene (also known as Fagarsterol) found in white cabbage, green pepper, strawberry, olive, mangoes and grapes was reported to possess beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive agent for a range of disorders. Last 15 years have seen tremendous efforts by researchers worldwide to develop this wonderful molecule for its clinical use for the treatment of variety of disorders. These studies also provide insight into the mechanism of action of Lupeol and suggest that it is a multi-target agent with immense anti-inflammatory potential targeting key molecular pathways which involve nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), cFLIP, Fas, Kras, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Wnt/beta-catenin in a variety of cells. It is noteworthy that Lupeol at its effective therapeutic doses exhibit no toxicity to normal cells and tissues. This mini review provides detailed account of preclinical studies conducted to determine the utility of Lupeol as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for the treatment of inflammation and cancer.
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Prasad S, Nigam N, Kalra N, Shukla Y. Regulation of signaling pathways involved in lupeol induced inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:916-24. [PMID: 18404669 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed noncutaneous cancer and the leading cause of cancer related deaths in men in the United States and many other Asian countries. Dietary factors are considered as a strategic agent to control the risk of PCa. Lupeol, a triterpene, present in fruits and medicinal plants, has been shown to possess many pharmacological properties including anticancer effects. Here, effect of lupeol on cell proliferation and cell death was evaluated using human PCa cells, PC-3. In MTT assay, lupeol inhibited the cell proliferation (12-71%) in dose (50-800 microM) and time dependent manner. Flow-cytometric analysis of cell-cycle revealed that an antiproliferative effect of lupeol (400-600 microM) is associated with an increase in G(2)/M-phase arrest (34-58%). RT-PCR analysis showed that lupeol-induced G2/M-phase arrest was mediated through the inhibition of cyclin regulated signaling pathway. Lupeol inhibited the expression of cyclin B, cdc25C, and plk1 but induced the expression of 14-3-3sigma genes. However no changes were observed in the expression of gadd45, p21(waf1/cip1) and cdc2 genes. Results of western blot showed that lupeol regulates the phosphorylation of cdc2 (Tyr15) and cdc25C (Ser198). Further, on increase of lupeol exposure to PC-3 cells an induction of apoptosis was recorded, which was associated with upregulation of bax, caspase-3, -9, and apaf1 genes and down regulation of antiapoptotic bcl-2 gene. The role of caspase-induced apoptosis was confirmed by increase in reactive oxygen species, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential followed by DNA fragmentation. Thus, our study suggests that lupeol possess novel antiproliferative and apoptotic potential against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahdeo Prasad
- Proteomics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Hudes ML, McCann JC, Ames BN. Unusual clustering of coefficients of variation in published articles from a medical biochemistry department in India. FASEB J 2008; 23:689-703. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Hudes
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joyce C. McCann
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bruce N. Ames
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research InstituteOaklandCaliforniaUSA
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