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Traven L, Baldigara A, Crvelin G, Budimir D, Linšak DT, Linšak Ž. Exploring the link between sulphur-containing compounds and noxious odours at waste management facilities: implications for odour monitoring and mitigation strategies. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:179-186. [PMID: 37791677 PMCID: PMC10549876 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With this study we challenge the widely held assumption that sulphur-containing compounds in ambient air are good indicators of the presence noxious odours near waste management facilities. We analysed an extensive set of olfactometric data and data on the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and trace sulphur compounds (TSCs) near a waste management facility in Croatia in 2021. The results show that the presence of noxious odours significantly correlates only with the concentrations of hydrogen sulphide and methyl mercaptan in ambient air but not with other measured TSCs. Thus, in addition to the measurement of pollutants in ambient air, Integrated Pollution and Prevention Control (IPPC) permits should mandate olfactometric measurements to detect and mitigate noxious odours near waste management facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Traven
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Goran Crvelin
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Darko Budimir
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dijana Tomić Linšak
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Željko Linšak
- University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
- Teaching Institute of Public Health, Rijeka, Croatia
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2
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Phosirikul N, Visvanathan C, Rene ER. Removal of gas phase methanol and acetonitrile mixture in an air membrane bioreactor (aMBR) under steady and transient-state operations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 376:128824. [PMID: 36871697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory scale air membrane bioreactor (aMBR) was used to treat a gas-phase mixture of methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN), with an inoculum comprising of a mixed culture of microorganisms. The aMBR was tested under both steady-state and transient modes, with inlet concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 g/m3 for both compounds. Under steady-state conditions, the aMBR was operated at various empty bed residence times (EBRT) and MeOH:ACN ratios, while intermittent shutdown was tested during transient-state operations. The results showed that, the aMBR demonstrated > 80% removal efficiencies for both MeOH and ACN. An EBRT of 30 s was found to be the best treatment time for the mixture, providing>98% removal, with<20 mg/L of the pollutant accumulation in the liquid-phase. The microorganisms also showed preferential utilization of ACN compared to MeOH from the gas-phase and good resilience capacity after three days of shutdown/re-start operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichakul Phosirikul
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 4, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chettiyappan Visvanathan
- Department of Energy, Environment and Climate Change, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 4, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2601DA Delft, the Netherlands.
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3
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Wysocka I. Absorption processes in reducing the odor nuisance of wastewater. MethodsX 2023; 10:101996. [PMID: 36700119 PMCID: PMC9868873 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep social awareness, especially in highly developed countries, imposes pressure on entrepreneurs and service providers, forcing them to undertake effective actions to minimize the effects of their activities also in terms of the emission of malodorous substances. The article presents information on the absorption processes harnessed in the deodorization of gases from wastewater management and the characteristics of these gases. Avoiding emissions is not always possible, hence there is a need to conduct an inventory of such gases and use deodorization methods. The specificity of gases from wastewater management and their prevalence urge the search for cheap and easy-to-use deodorization methods. It is obvious that the selection of deodorization technology is driven by many factors and should be preceded by a thorough analysis of the possibilities and limitations of various solutions. The aim of this article is, therefore, to present the characteristics of gases from wastewater management and to discuss various technologies based on absorption processes as a technology for deodorizing such gases in order to help potential investors choose an emission-reducing method suitable for particular conditions.•Malodorous substances in wastewater management.•Deodorization using water and chemical absorption.•Deodorization using biological purification.
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4
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Lotesoriere BJ, Invernizzi M, Panzitta A, Uvezzi G, Sozzi R, Sironi S, Capelli L. Micrometeorological Methods for the Indirect Estimation of Odorous Emissions. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1531-1560. [PMID: 35180017 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2036092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Odors are typically released into the atmosphere as diffuse emissions from area and volume sources, whose detailed quantification in terms of odor emission rate is often hardly achievable by direct source sampling. Indirect methods, involving the use of micrometeorological methods in order to correlate downwind concentrations to the emission rates, are already mentioned in literature, but rarely found in real applications for the quantification of odor emissions. The instrumentation needed for the development of micrometeorological methods has nowadays become accessible in terms of prices and reliability, thus making the implementation of such methods to industrial applications more and more interesting. For this reason, this work aims to provide an overview of micrometeorological methods and investigate their effective applicability to odors, thereby providing a short description of the physics related to such methods and analyzing the relevant scientific literature. The theoretical basis of these methods is presented, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Moreover, their applicability to the estimation of odor emissions is discussed by providing some suggestions about the suitable ways to evaluate the most critical parameters needed for the calculation of the odor emission rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Julia Lotesoriere
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marzio Invernizzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Panzitta
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulia Uvezzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Selena Sironi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
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5
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Jońca J, Pawnuk M, Arsen A, Sówka I. Electronic Noses and Their Applications for Sensory and Analytical Measurements in the Waste Management Plants-A Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041510. [PMID: 35214407 PMCID: PMC8877425 DOI: 10.3390/s22041510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Waste management plants are one of the most important sources of odorants that may cause odor nuisance. The monitoring of processes involved in the waste treatment and disposal as well as the assessment of odor impact in the vicinity of this type of facilities require two different but complementary approaches: analytical and sensory. The purpose of this work is to present these two approaches. Among sensory techniques dynamic and field olfactometry are considered, whereas analytical methodologies are represented by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), single gas sensors and electronic noses (EN). The latter are the core of this paper and are discussed in details. Since the design of multi-sensor arrays and the development of machine learning algorithms are the most challenging parts of the EN construction a special attention is given to the recent advancements in the sensitive layers development and current challenges in data processing. The review takes also into account relatively new EN systems based on mass spectrometry and flash gas chromatography technologies. Numerous examples of applications of the EN devices to the sensory and analytical measurements in the waste management plants are given in order to summarize efforts of scientists on development of these instruments for constant monitoring of chosen waste treatment processes (composting, anaerobic digestion, biofiltration) and assessment of odor nuisance associated with these facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jońca
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Marcin Pawnuk
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Adalbert Arsen
- calval.pl sp. z o.o., Emili Plater 7F/8, 65-395 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Izabela Sówka
- Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (J.J.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-25-60
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Sun Z, Xi J, Yeung M, Lu L. Two quorum sensing enhancement methods optimized the biofilm of biofilters treating gaseous chlorobenzene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150589. [PMID: 34597570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, effects of two quorum sensing (QS) enhancement methods on the performance and biofilm of biofilters treating chlorobenzene were investigated. Three biofilters were set up with BF1 as a control, BF2 added exogenous N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) and BF3 inoculated AHLs-producing bacterium identified as Acinetobacter. The average chlorobenzene elimination capacities were 73 and 77 g/m3/h for BF2 and BF3 respectively, which were significantly higher than 50 g/m3/h for BF1. The wet biomass of BF2 and BF3 with QS enhancement eventually increased to 60 and 39 kg/m3 respectively, and it was 29 kg/m3 for BF1. Analysis on biofilms in three biofilters showed that distribution uniformity, extracellular polymeric substances production, adhesive strengths, viability, and metabolic capacity of biofilms were all prompted by the two QS enhancement methods. Comparisons between the two QS enhancement methods showed that adding exogenous AHLs had more significant enhancing effect on biofilm due to its higher AHLs level in start-up period, while AHLs-producing bacteria had an advantage in enhancing bacterial community diversity. These results demonstrate that QS enhancement methods have the potential to optimize the biofilm and thus improve the performance of biofilters treating recalcitrant VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqiu Sun
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jinying Xi
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Marvin Yeung
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Lichao Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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7
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Kwok A, Hong C, Kwok E. Evaluation of nano-confined catalytic oxidation air purification technology on eliminating marijuana chemicals and odour. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:808. [PMID: 34604703 PMCID: PMC8475299 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04783-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel air purification technology, Nano-Confined Catalytic Oxidation (NCCO), has been proven to be effective at eliminating air pollutants. With the increasing legalization and decriminalization of medicinal and recreational cannabis and related products, respectively, in many countries and jurisdictions around the world, concerns have been raised about indoor air quality from smoking cannabis products, such as marijuana, which produce gaseous pollutants and intense odour. In this study, NCCO technology has been evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing key marijuana concentrations in polluted indoor air by direct measurements and odour intensity assessments by human volunteers. For the odour intensity measurements, 20 non-cannabis adults participated in the odour assessment. The results are remarkable and statistically significant. The reduction in Dronabinol, a pharmaceutical form of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabinol, averages 93.4%, whereas that in airborne marijuana compounds with no air purification only averages 6.2%. The technology also demonstrates statistically significant reductions in PM2.5, PM10 and total volatile organic compounds generated from marijuana smoke. The technology was able to restore high levels of harmful particulate matter to normal baseline levels. Furthermore, the odour assessment conducted by a group of 20 volunteers also confirmed statistically significant reductions in marijuana odour by 55.6% after 50 min of air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiel Kwok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Christopher Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
| | - Ezra Kwok
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
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8
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Wang YC, Han MF, Jia TP, Hu XR, Zhu HQ, Tong Z, Lin YT, Wang C, Liu DZ, Peng YZ, Wang G, Meng J, Zhai ZX, Zhang Y, Deng JG, Hsi HC. Emissions, measurement, and control of odor in livestock farms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:145735. [PMID: 33640544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meng-Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ti-Pei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xu-Rui Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huai-Qun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - De-Zhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Equipment and Informatization in Environment Controlled Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong-Zhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Gen Wang
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jie Meng
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zeng-Xiu Zhai
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, China; Tianjin Sinodour Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Ji-Guang Deng
- College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hsing-Cheng Hsi
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan
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9
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Son YS, Kim J, Choi IY, Kim JC. Decomposition of n-hexane using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2067-2076. [PMID: 31696781 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1690586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the decomposition characteristics of n-hexane by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. In order to accomplish this, the factors influencing these decomposition characteristics such as background gases (air, N2, and He), residence time (1-10 s), initial n-hexane concentration (10-50 ppm), relative humidity (2.5%, 40%, and 70%), and power (50-80 W) were evaluated. As a result, the decomposition efficiency of n-hexane at N2 atmosphere was found to be lower than those at air and He atmosphere. The removal efficiency of n-hexane was increased when the residence time, relative humidity, and power increased, and when the initial concentration decreased. The concentrations of CO, CO2, and aerosol increased as the specific energy density increased. However, the O3 level increased up to a certain point, then decreased. Various hydrocarbons such as acetone, pentanal, nonanal, etc. were also detected as by-products and their decomposition and recombination pathways were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Suk Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Chun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Han Z, Li R, Shen H, Qi F, Liu B, Shen X, Zhang L, Wang X, Sun D. Emission characteristics and assessment of odors from sludge anaerobic digestion with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment in a wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116516. [PMID: 33529890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) with thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment (THP) is an effective sludge treatment method which provides several advantages such as enhanced biogas formation and fertilizer production. The main limitation to THP-AD is that hazardous odors, including NH3 and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), are emitted during the sludge treatment process. In order to develop strategies to eliminate odors, it is necessary to identify the key odors and emissions sites. This study identified production of NH3 (741.60 g·dry sludge t-1) and VSCs (277.27 g·dry sludge t-1) during sludge AD after THP, and measured emissions in each of the THP-AD sludge treatment sites. Odor intensity, odor active values, permissible concentration-time weighted average, and non-carcinogenic risks were also assessed in order to determine the sensory impact, odor contribution, and health impacts of NH3 and VSCs. The results revealed that odor pollution existed in all of the test sites, particularly in the sludge pump room and pre-dehydration workshop. NH3, H2S, and methyl mercaptan caused very strong odors, and levels of NH3 and H2S were enough to impact the health of on-site employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Han
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hanzhang Shen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiue Shen
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoju Wang
- Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, 100048, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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11
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Meena M, Sonigra P, Yadav G. Biological-based methods for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and heavy metals. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:2485-2508. [PMID: 33095900 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current scenario of increased population and industrial advancement leads to the spoliation of freshwater and tapper of the quality of water. These results decrease in freshwater bodies near all of the areas. Besides, organic and inorganic compounds discharged from different sources into the available natural water bodies are the cause of pollution. The occurrence of heavy metals in water and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air is responsible for a vast range of negative impacts on the atmosphere and human health. Nonetheless, high uses of heavy metals for human purposes may alter the biochemical and geochemical equilibrium. The major air contaminants which are released into the surroundings known as VOCs are produced through different kinds of sources, such as petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. VOCs are known to cause various health hazards. VOCs are a pivotal group of chemicals that evaporate readily at room temperature. To get over this problem, biofiltration technology has been evolved for the treatment of heavy metals using biological entities such as plants, algae, fungi, and bacteria. Biofiltration technology is a beneficial and sustainable method for the elimination of toxic pollutants from the aquatic environment. Various types of biological technologies ranging from biotrickling filters to biofilters have been developed and they are cost-effective, simple to fabricate, and easy to perform. A significant advantage of this process is the pollutant that is transformed into biodegradable trashes which can decompose within an average time period, thus yielding no secondary pollutants. The aim of this article is to scrutinize the role of biofiltration in the removal of heavy metals in wastewater and VOCs and also to analyze the recent bioremediation technologies and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
| | - Priyankaraj Sonigra
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Garima Yadav
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
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12
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He S, Ni Y, Lu L, Chai Q, Yu T, Shen Z, Yang C. Simultaneous degradation of n-hexane and production of biosurfactants by Pseudomonas sp. strain NEE2 isolated from oil-contaminated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125237. [PMID: 31896179 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of surfactants in biofilters could enhance hydrophobic VOC removal. In this study, blood agar plate, methylene blue agar plate and a culture with n-hexane as the only carbon source were used to screen strains that could biodegrade n-hexane and produce biosurfactants simultaneously. The effects of n-hexane concentration on n-hexane removal and biosurfactant production were also investigated. Results showed that such a strain identified to be Pseudomonas sp. Strain NEE2 was successfully isolated from oil-polluted soils. The biosurfactants production by this strain were dependent on the initial concentration of n-hexane (132-2640 mg/L). At the concentration of 2640 mg/L of n-hexane, the biosurfactants promoted n-hexane removal. At 132 mg/L of n-hexane, n-hexane removal efficiency on day 2 exceeded 60%. The synergistic mechanisms of n-hexane removal and biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas sp. Strain NEE2 were discussed including the enhanced mass transfer from gas to liquid phase, within the biofilm phase and biodegradation at the presence of biosurfactants as well as the consequently enhanced production of the biosurfactants. These results in this study proved that it is possible for microorganisms utilizing the synergistic effect of hydrophobic VOC degradation and biosurfactant production for cost-effective hydrophobic VOC removal in biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yaoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Qiwei Chai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Process and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
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He S, Ni Y, Lu L, Chai Q, Liu H, Yang C. Enhanced biodegradation of n-hexane by Pseudomonas sp. strain NEE2. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16615. [PMID: 31719564 PMCID: PMC6851123 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52661-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas sp. strain NEE2 isolated from oil-polluted soils could biodegrade n-hexane effectively. In this study, the secretory product of n-hexane biodegradation by NEE2 was extracted, characterized, and investigated on the secretory product's enhanced effect on n-hexane removal. The effects of various biodegradation conditions on n-hexane removal by NEE2, including nitrogen source, pH value, and temperature were also investigated. Results showed that the secretory product lowered surface tension of water from 72 to 40 mN/m, with a critical micelle concentration of 340 mg/L, demonstrating that there existed biosurfactants in the secretory product. The secretory product at 50 mg/L enhanced n-hexane removal by 144.4% within 48 h than the control group. The optimum conditions for n-hexane removal by NEE2 were at temperature of 25-30 °C, pH value of 7-8, and (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen source. Besides n-hexane, NEE2 could also utilize a variety of carbon sources. These results proved that NEE2 can consume hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to produce biosurfactants which can further enhance hydrophobic VOCs degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanying He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Yaoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Li Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Qiwei Chai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Datang Environment Industry Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chunping Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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Huang D, Guo H. Dispersion modeling of odour, gases, and respirable dust using AERMOD for poultry and dairy barns in the Canadian Prairies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 690:620-628. [PMID: 31301502 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For determining setback distances considering multiple air pollutants, a comprehensive study was conducted to simulate the atmospheric dispersion of odour, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and respirable dust using an US EPA air dispersion model AERMOD for a commercial dairy, broiler, and cage-layer barn in the Canadian Prairies. The simulation was conducted using five years of meteorological data. Setback distances were determined with the input of varying monthly emission rates of all four air pollutants and odour impact criteria specifically developed for all three odour sources. Results showed the layer barn had the greatest odour impact area (maximum 3023 m for an annual average odour concentration of 0.01 OU m-3) followed by the broiler and dairy barns. Due to the prevailing south wind for all three barns, odour traveled farthest in the north. Using the suggested odour impact criteria by the Government of Saskatchewan defined for all odour sources, maximum setback distances were decreasing from 1941 to 641 m for the layer barn and from 980 to 320 m for the broiler barn along with the increasing of odour concentration (OC) thresholds (1-6 OU m-3), all in the north direction. While for the dairy barn, setback distances were determined only under an OC limit of 1 OU m-3; maximum 205 m in the north and minimum 171 m in the south. Using the newly developed odour impact criteria specifically for the three odour sources, maximum setback distance of 558 m in the north was determined for the layer barn under an odour threshold of 9 OU m-3. Additionally, the results suggest the use of odour impact criteria for determining setback distance rather than using gas/respirable threshold limits set in ambient air quality standards as the former always requires much greater setback distances than the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for ECO-efficient Recycled Materials, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Guangdong, China, 518055; Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada.
| | - Huiqing Guo
- Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada.
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Abstract
Spent solvents of the packaging industry are disposed of, thus representing economic, safety, and environmental issues. Steam reforming of these solvent streams can be an alternative, allowing their valorization to syngas. In this work, ceria supported nickel catalysts were deposed onto silicon carbide (SiC) honeycomb monoliths; these structured catalysts can be potentially used in solar steam reforming. Catalysts were characterized by SEM/EDS and tested in a lab-scale rig under conventional heating. Two spent solvent streams, coming from the distillation plant of the packaging industry Icimendue, were used as fuels. Catalytic tests have been carried out by changing the steam/carbon ratio, oxygen/carbon ratio, operating pressure, and fuel. The effect of the Ni content and the type of ceria were also studied. The best performances were obtained at low Ni content and by using micrometric rather than nanometric ceria as support. The structured catalysts showed good coking resistance, especially at H2O/C > 2, with oxygen addition furnishing a marginal improvement. On the contrary, oxygen feeding reduced the gas yield due to the formation of by-products being less reactive in reforming reactions. Performing the reforming process at high pressure the gas yield increased due to faster kinetics (higher reactants concentrations), higher contact times (slower flow rates), and process intensification. These results suggest that the proposed structured catalysts could be successfully applied in the solar reforming of spent solvents.
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Han Z, Qi F, Wang H, Li R, Sun D. Odor assessment of NH 3 and volatile sulfide compounds in a full-scale municipal sludge aerobic composting plant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 282:447-455. [PMID: 30889536 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Methods for assessing odors in municipal sewage sludge aerobic composting plants (MSSACPs) have been ineffective. This study identified the emission amount of typical odor-producing compounds, including NH3 and volatile sulfide compounds from a full-scale MSSACP, and evaluated risks of odor emissions based on odor intensity and odor active value. Results revealed all sampling sites (i.e. sludge stacking yard, composting workshop, and screening workshop) produced serious odors, especially in the composting workshop. In the composting workshop, the amounts of DMDS (174.59 μg·dry kg-1) and DMS (71.64 μg·dry kg-1) emitted were far lower than that of NH3 (6062.56 μg·dry kg-1). However, DMDS and DMS showed a similar intensity as NH3 according to odor intensity assessment. Furthermore, both of their odor active values were higher than that of NH3. Using results from both odor intensity and odor active value were more reliable for the assessment of odors from MSSACPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliang Han
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Qi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dezhi Sun
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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17
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Wysocka I, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J. Technologies for deodorization of malodorous gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:9409-9434. [PMID: 30715695 PMCID: PMC6469639 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing number of citizens' complaints about odor nuisance due to production or service activity. High social awareness imposes pressure on entrepreneurs and service providers forcing them to undertake effective steps aimed at minimization of the effects of their activity, also with respect to emission of malodorous substances. The article presents information about various technologies used for gas deodorization. Known solutions can be included into two groups: technologies offering prevention of emissions, and methodological solutions that enable removal of malodorous substances from the stream of emitted gases. It is obvious that the selection of deodorization technologies is conditioned by many factors, and it should be preceded by an in-depth analysis of possibilities and limitations offered by various solutions. The aim of the article is presentation of the available gas deodorization technologies as to facilitate the potential investors with selection of the method of malodorous gases emission limitation, suitable for particular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Wysocka
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 117 Warszawska St., 10-701 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jacek Gębicki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Str., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Plasma Oxidation of H2S over Non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 Perovskite Catalysts in a Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, plasma-catalytic removal of H2S over LaxMnO3 (x = 0.90, 0.95, 1, 1.05 and 1.10) has been studied in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. The non-stoichiometric effect of the LaxMnO3 catalysts on the removal of H2S and sulfur balance in the plasma-catalytic process has been investigated as a function of specific energy density (SED). The integration of the plasma with the LaxMnO3 catalysts significantly enhanced the reaction performance compared to the process using plasma alone. The highest H2S removal of 96.4% and sulfur balance of 90.5% were achieved over the La0.90MnO3 catalyst, while the major products included SO2 and SO3. The missing sulfur could be ascribed to the sulfur deposited on the catalyst surfaces. The non-stoichiometric LaxMnO3 catalyst exhibited larger specific surface areas and smaller crystallite sizes compared to the LaMnO3 catalyst. The non-stoichiometric effect changed their redox properties as the decreased La/Mn ratio favored the transformation of Mn3+ to Mn4+, which contributed to the generation of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surfaces. The XPS and H2-TPR results confirmed that the Mn-rich catalysts showed the higher relative concentration of surface adsorbed oxygen (Oads) and lower reduction temperature compared to LaMnO3 catalyst. The reaction performance of the plasma-catalytic oxidation of H2S is closely related to the relative concentration of Oads formed on the catalyst surfaces and the reducibility of the catalysts.
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19
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Allievi MJ, Silveira DD, Cantão ME, Filho PB. Bacterial community diversity in a full scale biofilter treating wastewater odor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:2014-2022. [PMID: 29722687 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Constantly, the odors coming from sewage plants are considered a problem by the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial community present in a full scale biofilter used for odor treatment. The filter was packed with peat. The main gas treated was hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The removal efficiency reached 99%, with an empty bed residence time of 30 seconds. Molecular analysis can enhance our understanding of the microbial communities in biofilters treating wastewater odor. The analysis made to characterize microbial community was High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing analysis MiSeq® Illumina. The sampling, carried out in the year 2015, was seasonal (summer and winter) and spatial (depth and position in the biofilter). In this study, a total of 206,174 raw sequence reads for six samples were analyzed using Mothur software (v 1.33.3) based on MiSeq SOP protocol. After Mothur analysis, the results of the bacterial community were explored at the Phylum and Genus levels. In this study, the efficiency removal of hydrogen sulfide reached values greater than 99% during the monitoring, and the main bacterial genera found were Acidotermus, Telmatobacter, Methylovirgula and Bryobacter representing the bacterial community active in the transformation of H2S into a system with long operating time.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Allievi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail:
| | - D D Silveira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail:
| | - M E Cantão
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Suínos e Aves, BR 153, km 110, Vila Tamanduá, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - P B Filho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti, Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil E-mail:
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21
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Volatile organic compounds absorption in packed column: theoretical assessment of water, DEHA and PDMS 50 as absorbents. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Raj I, Vaidya AN, Pandey RA, Bansiwal A, Deshmukh S, Purohit HJ. Recent advancements in the mitigation of obnoxious nitrogenous gases. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 205:319-336. [PMID: 29035719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogenous gaseous emissions commonly have an obnoxious odor associated with it, which when discharged into the environment results in serious environmental problems and health hazards. Several strategies for mitigation of nitrogenous odorants have been reported which include physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological treatments are widely employed because of their efficiency even at low concentration, where physical and chemical methods are not effective. Most commonly used biological treatment methods are biofiltration, biotrickling filters and membrane bioreactors with innovative reactor design, mixing pattern, and air sparging, for example FEBR, ALR, etc. These treatment methods require a critical assessment for the mitigation of obnoxious nitrogen emissions, especially in the context of environmental protection. This review offers a critical evaluation of treatment methods for the mitigation of nitrogenous odorous compound with a key emphasis on biological treatment systems. Also, various mathematical modelling techniques required for optimized operation of biotreatment systems has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Raj
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - A N Vaidya
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - R A Pandey
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Amit Bansiwal
- Environmental Material Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharvari Deshmukh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant J Purohit
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Kurella S, Bhukya PK, Meikap BC. Removal of H 2S pollutant from gasifier syngas by a multistage dual-flow sieve plate column wet scrubber. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2017; 52:515-523. [PMID: 28276891 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1281690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to observe the performance of a lab-scale three-stage dual-flow sieve plate column scrubber for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas removal from a gas stream, in which the H2S concentration was similar to that of gasifier syngas. The tap water was used as scrubbing liquid. The gas and liquid were operated at flow rates in the range of 16.59 × 10-4-27.65 × 10-4 Nm3/s and 20.649 × 10-6-48.183 × 10-6 m3/s, respectively. The effects of gas and liquid flow rates on the percentage removal of H2S were studied at 50-300 ppm inlet concentrations of H2S. The increase in liquid flow rate, gas flow rate and inlet H2S concentration increased the percentage removal of H2S. The maximum of 78.88% removal of H2S was observed at 27.65 × 10-4 Nm3/s gas flow rate and 48.183 × 10-6 m3/s liquid flow rate for 300 ppm inlet concentration of H2S. A model has also been developed to predict the H2S gas removal by using the results from the experiments and adding the parameters that affect the scrubber's performance. The deviations between experimental and predicted H2S percentage removal values were observed as less than 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swamy Kurella
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
| | - Pawan Kishan Bhukya
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
| | - B C Meikap
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur , West Bengal , India
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , School of Engineering, Howard College, University of Kwazulu-Natal (UKZN) , Durban , South Africa
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Biard PF, Couvert A, Renner C. Intensification of volatile organic compound absorption in a compact wet scrubber at co-current flow. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 173:612-621. [PMID: 28152412 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three volatile organic compounds (VOC) with no acidic or basic function (butanol, butyraldehyde, methylethylketone), encountered at low concentrations in odorous effluents, were absorbed in water in a compact wet scrubber. This gas-liquid contactor consisted of a wire mesh packing structure where the gas phase flows at high velocity (>12 m s-1). A very turbulent two-phase downward flow could be observed in the scrubber with dispersed fine droplets (around 10 μm). For compounds showing a good affinity for water, such as butanol, removal efficiencies up to 90% were measured for a short contactor length of 32 cm leading to a gas residence time of 20 ms. However, the removal efficiency of butyraldehyde, which is poorly soluble in water, ranged between 10 and 30%. Mass-transfer modeling was achieved and underlined that working with several small scrubbers in series, fed with an unloaded solution, is effective to improve the removal efficiency. The influences of the VOC/solvent affinity, the contactor length, and the mass-transfer and hydrodynamic parameters on the removal efficiency were evaluated through a sensitivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Biard
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France.
| | - Annabelle Couvert
- École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708, Rennes Cedex 7, France
| | - Christophe Renner
- Veolia Recherche et Innovation, Chemin de la Digue BP 76, 78603, Maisons Laffitte, France
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25
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López ME, Rene ER, Boger Z, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Modelling the removal of volatile pollutants under transient conditions in a two-stage bioreactor using artificial neural networks. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 324:100-109. [PMID: 27021263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A two-stage biological waste gas treatment system consisting of a first stage biotrickling filter (BTF) and second stage biofilter (BF) was tested for the removal of a gas-phase methanol (M), hydrogen sulphide (HS) and α-pinene (P) mixture. The bioreactors were tested with two types of shock loads, i.e., long-term (66h) low to medium concentration loads, and short-term (12h) low to high concentration loads. M and HS were removed in the BTF, reaching maximum elimination capacities (ECmax) of 684 and 33 gm-3h-1, respectively. P was removed better in the second stage BF with an ECmax of 130 gm-3h-1. The performance was modelled using two multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) that employed the error backpropagation with momentum algorithm, in order to predict the removal efficiencies (RE, %) of methanol (REM), hydrogen sulphide (REHS) and α-pinene (REP), respectively. It was observed that, a MLP with the topology 3-4-2 was able to predict REM and REHS in the BTF, while a topology of 3-3-1 was able to approximate REP in the BF. The results show that artificial neural network (ANN) based models can effectively be used to model the transient-state performance of bioprocesses treating gas-phase pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Estefanía López
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, UNESCO-IHE, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zvi Boger
- OPTIMAL-Industrial Neural Systems, 54 Rambal St., Be'er Sheva, 84243 Israel
| | - María C Veiga
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Christian Kennes
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Coruña, Rúa da Fraga, 10, E-15008 La Coruña, Spain.
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Piotrowicz A. Identification of Volatile Compounds from a Brewery with SPME Technique. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The paper presents results of the analysis of the volatile compounds arising from the production processes in a brewery. The investigated material comprised the unhoped brewer’s wort which was taken from the fermentation tanks during the industrial process. The identification of volatile compounds was conducted with the use of Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) technique by extracting the compounds from the headspace of the brewer’s wort (HS-SPME). The procedure was optimized by modifying the parameters potentially influencing the process efficiency. The analytes adsorbed on the fibers were subsequently placed in the injector of a gas chromatograph, where they were released in the course of thermal desorption. Three types of fibers were chosen for the experiments: 65 μm PDMS/DVB, 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS and 100 μm PDMS. The greatest number of peaks corresponding to compounds found in the examined material was observed on the 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber while the lowest was identified on the 100 μm PDMS fiber. The detected compounds are mainly the derivatives of aliphatic, alicyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons with different functional groups e.g. carbonyl, aldehyde or ester and possessing O-heteroatom in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Piotrowicz
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland , phone +48 81 538 41 39
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Rodriguez Castillo AS, Guihéneuf S, Le Guével R, Biard PF, Paquin L, Amrane A, Couvert A. Synthesis and toxicity evaluation of hydrophobic ionic liquids for volatile organic compounds biodegradation in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 307:221-230. [PMID: 26785216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of several hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs), which might be selected as good candidates for degradation of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB), were carried out. Several bioassays were also realized, such as toxicity evaluation on activated sludge and zebrafish, cytotoxicity, fluoride release in aqueous phase and biodegradability in order to verify their possible effects in case of discharge in the aquatic environment and/or human contact during industrial manipulation. The synthesized compounds consist of alkylimidazoliums, functionalized imidazoliums, isoqinoliniums, triazoliums, sulfoniums, pyrrolidiniums and morpholiniums and various counter-ions such as: PF6(-), NTf2(-) and NfO(-). Toxicity evaluation on activated sludge of each compound (5% v/v of IL) was assessed by using a glucose uptake inhibition test. Toxicity against zebrafish and cytotoxicity were evaluated by the ImPACCell platform of Rennes (France). Fluoride release in water was estimated by regular measurements using ion chromatography equipment. IL biodegradability was determined by measuring BOD28 of aqueous samples (compound concentration,1mM). All ILs tested were not biodegradable; while some of them were toxic toward activated sludge. Isoquinolinium ILs were toxic to human cancerous cell lines. Nevertheless no toxicity was found against zebrafish Danio rerio. Only one IL released fluoride after long-time agitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Santiago Rodriguez Castillo
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Solène Guihéneuf
- Université européenne de Bretagne; Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR, CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique & Molécules Pour le Vivant (ICMV), Bât. 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Le Guével
- Plate-forme ImPACcell Structure Fédérative de Recherche BIOSIT Université de Rennes 1, Bat. 8, Campus de Villejean, 2 Avenue du Pr. Leon Bernard, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-François Biard
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Ludovic Paquin
- Université européenne de Bretagne; Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR, CNRS 6226, Groupe Ingénierie Chimique & Molécules Pour le Vivant (ICMV), Bât. 10A, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes cedex, France
| | - Abdeltif Amrane
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
| | - Annabelle Couvert
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France; Université européenne de Bretagne
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Boumnijel I, Ben Amor H, Chekir H, Hajji N. Hydrogen sulphide removal from the effluents of a phosphoric acid production unit by absorption into chlorinated seawater under alkaline conditions. CR CHIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Alfonsín C, Lebrero R, Estrada JM, Muñoz R, Kraakman NJRB, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Selection of odour removal technologies in wastewater treatment plants: a guideline based on Life Cycle Assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 149:77-84. [PMID: 25463573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper aims at analysing the environmental benefits and impacts associated with the treatment of malodorous emissions from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology was applied to two biological treatments, namely biofilter (BF) and biotrickling filter (BTF), two physical/chemical alternatives, namely activated carbon tower (AC) and chemical scrubber (CS), and a hybrid combination of BTF + AC. The assessment provided consistent guidelines for technology selection, not only based on removal efficiencies, but also on the environmental impact associated with the treatment of emissions. The results showed that biological alternatives entailed the lowest impacts. On the contrary, the use of chemicals led to the highest impacts for CS. Energy use was the main contributor to the impact related to BF and BTF, whereas the production of glass fibre used as infrastructure material played an important role in BTF impact. Production of NaClO entailed the highest burdens among the chemicals used in CS, representing ∼ 90% of the impact associated to chemicals. The frequent replacement of packing material in AC was responsible for the highest environmental impacts, granular activated carbon (GAC) production and its final disposal representing more than 50% of the impact in most categories. Finally, the assessment of BTF + AC showed that the hybrid technology is less recommendable than BF and BTF, but friendlier to the environment than physical/chemical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Alfonsín
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Raquel Lebrero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - José M Estrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; School of Engineering, London South Bank University, UK.
| | - Raúl Muñoz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, Sede Dr. Mergelina, University of Valladolid, Dr Mergelina s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - N J R Bart Kraakman
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands; CH2M Hill, Level 7, 9 Help Street, Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia.
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
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Ragazzi M, Tosi P, Rada EC, Torretta V, Schiavon M. Effluents from MBT plants: plasma techniques for the treatment of VOCs. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 34:2400-2406. [PMID: 25168185 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical-biological treatments (MBTs) of urban waste are growing in popularity in many European countries. Recent studies pointed out that their contribution in terms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other air pollutants is not negligible. Compared to classical removal technologies, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) showed better performances and low energy consumption when applied to treat lowly concentrated streams. Therefore, to study the feasibility of the application of NTP to MBTs, a Dielectric Barrier Discharge reactor was applied to treat a mixture of air and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), to simulate emissions from MBTs. The removal efficiency of MEK was linearly dependent upon time, power and specific input energy. Only 2-4% of MEK was converted to carbon dioxide (CO2), the remaining carbon being involved in the formation of byproducts (methyl nitrate and 2,3-butanedione, especially). For future development of pilot-scale reactors, acting on residence time, power, convective flow and catalysts will help finding a compromise between energy consumption, desired abatement and selectivity to CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragazzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 5, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Elena Cristina Rada
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Torretta
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Department of Biotechnologies and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via G.B. Vico 46, I-21100 Varese, Italy.
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31
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Prenzel T, Guedes T, Schlüter F, Wilhelm M, Rezwan K. Tailoring surfaces of hybrid ceramics for gas adsorption – From alkanes to CO2. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Maćkiewicz E, Szynkowska MI. Oxidation of odorous nitrogen-containing compounds: ammonia and trimethylamine over Cu/zeolite catalysts. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-013-0666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Cabeza IO, López R, Ruiz-Montoya M, Díaz MJ. Maximising municipal solid waste--legume trimming residue mixture degradation in composting by control parameters optimization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 128:266-273. [PMID: 23764508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Composting is one of the most successful biological processes for the treatment of the residues enriched in putrescible materials. The optimization of parameters which have an influence on the stability of the products is necessary in order to maximize recycling and recovery of waste components. The influence of the composting process parameters (aeration, moisture, C/N ratio, and time) on the stability parameters (organic matter, N-losses, chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, biodegradability coefficient) of the compost was studied. The composting experiment was carried out using Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and Legume Trimming Residues (LTR) in 200 L isolated acrylic barrels following a Box-Behnken central composite experimental design. Second-order polynomial models were found for each of the studied compost stability parameter, which accurately described the relationship between the parameters. The differences among the experimental values and those estimated by using the equations never exceeded 10% of the former. Results of the modelling showed that excluding the time, the C/N ratio is the strongest variable influencing almost all the stability parameters studied in this case, with the exception of N-losses which is strongly dependent on moisture. Moreover, an optimized ratio MSW/LTR of 1/1 (w/w), moisture content in the range of 40-55% and moderate to low aeration rate (0.05-0.175 Lair kg(-)(1) min(-1)) is recommended to maximise degradation and to obtain a stable product during co-composting of MSW and LTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Cabeza
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
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Zhang J, Giannis A, Chang VWC, Ng BJH, Wang JY. Adaptation of urine source separation in tropical cities: Process optimization and odor mitigation. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:472-481. [PMID: 23687732 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.763306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Source-separating urine from other domestic wastewaters promotes a more sustainable municipal wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the feasibility and potential issues of applying a urine source-separation system in tropical urban settings. The results showed that source-separated urine underwent rapid urea-hydrolysis (ureolysis) at temperatures between 34-40 degrees C, stale/fresh urine ratios greater than 40%, and/or with slight fecal cross-contamination. Undiluted (or low-diluted) urine favored ureolysis; this can be monitored by measuring conductivity as a reliable and efficient indicator The optimized parameters demonstrated that an effective urine source-separation system is achievable in tropical urban areas. On the other hand, the initial release of CO2 and NH3 led to an elevated pressure in the headspace of the collection reservoir, which then dropped to a negative value, primarily due to oxygen depletion by the microbial activity in the gradually alkalized urine. Another potential odor source during the ureolysis process was derived from the high production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), which were mainly acetic, propanoic, and butyric acids. Health concerns related to odor issues might limit the application of source separation systems in urban areas; it is therefore vital to systematically monitor and control the odor emissions from a source separation system. As such, an enhanced ureolysis process can attenuate the odor emissions. IMPLICATIONS Urine source separation is promising to improve the management of domestic wastewater in a more sustainable way. The work demonstrates the achievability of an effective urine source-separation system in tropical urban areas. The installation of urine-stabilization tanks beneath high-rise buildings lowers the risk of pipe clogging. Conductivity measurement can be utilized as a reliable process indicator for an automated system. However, urine hydrolysis raises a strong potential of odor emission (both inorganic and organic), which might limit the application of source separation systems in urban areas. An enhanced ureolysis process could shorten and attenuate the odor emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Zhang
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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35
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Gallego E, Roca FJ, Perales JF, Sánchez G, Esplugas P. Characterization and determination of the odorous charge in the indoor air of a waste treatment facility through the evaluation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using TD-GC/MS. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:2469-81. [PMID: 22883687 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste treatment facilities are generally faced with odorous nuisance problems. Characterizing and determining the odorous charge of indoor air through odour units (OU) is an advantageous approach to evaluate indoor air quality and discomfort. The assessment of the OU can be done through the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations and the knowledge of their odour thresholds. The evaluation of the presented methodology was done in a mechanical-biological waste treatment plant with a processing capacity of 245.000 tons year(-1) of municipal residues. The sampling was carried out in five indoor selected locations of the plant (Platform of Rotating Biostabilizers, Shipping warehouse, Composting tunnels, Digest centrifugals, and Humid pre-treatment) during the month of July 2011. VOC and volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) were sampled using multi-sorbent bed (Carbotrap, Carbopack X, Carboxen 569) and Tenax TA tubes, respectively, with SKC AirCheck 2000 pumps. The analysis was performed by automatic thermal desorption (ATD) coupled with a capillary gas chromatography (GC)/mass spectrometry detector (MSD). One hundred and thirty chemical compounds were determined qualitatively in all the studied points (mainly alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and terpenes), from which 86 were quantified due to their odorous characteristics as well as their potentiality of having negative health effects. The application of the present methodology in a municipal solid waste treatment facility has proven to be useful in order to determine which type of VOC contribute substantially to the indoor air odorous charge, and thus it can be a helpful method to prevent the generation of these compounds during the treatment process, as well as to find a solution in order to suppress them.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gallego
- Laboratori del Centre de Medi Ambient, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, LCMA-UPC, Avda Diagonal, 647, E 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Son YS, Son YS, Park JH, Kim P, Kim JC. Oxidation of gaseous styrene by electron beam irradiation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2012.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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37
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Hosoglu F, Fitch MW. Abatement of synthetic landfill gas including limonene by biotrickling filter and membrane biofiltration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:1065-1072. [PMID: 22486676 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.667338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a single silicone rubber membrane biofilter was compared to a lava rock biotrickling filter to examine the aerobic biofiltration of synthetic landfill gas including odorous limonene. The membrane bioreactor and biotrickling filter showed, respectively, maximum elimination capacities of 17 g m(-3) h(-1) and 31.3 g m(-3) h(-1) for limonene and removal efficiencies of 11 % and 18 % for methane. The membrane bioreactor was apparently mass transfer-limited and the biotrickling filter was reaction-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Hosoglu
- Istanbul Environmental Management Industry and Trading Company, Istanbul, Turkey
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38
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Rene ER, Veiga MC, Kennes C. Combined biological and physicochemical waste-gas cleaning techniques. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2012; 47:920-939. [PMID: 22486662 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.667289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a general overview of physical, chemical and biological waste-gas treatment techniques such as adsorption, absorption, oxidation and biodegradation, focusing more extensively on combined processes. It is widely recognized that biological waste-gas treatment devices such as biofilters and biotrickling filters can show high performance, often reaching removal efficiencies above 90 % for pollutant concentrations below 5 g/m(3). However, for concentrations exceeding this limit and under transient shock-load conditions that are frequently encountered in industrial situations, a physicochemical gas cleaning process can sometimes be advantageously combined with a biological one. Besides improving the overall treatment efficiency, the non-biological, first-stage process could also serve as a load equalization system by reducing the pollutant load during periodic shock-loads, to levels that can easily be handled in the second-stage bioreactor. This article reviews the operational advantages of integrating different non-biological and biological processes, i.e., adsorption pre-treatment+bioreactor, bioreactor+adsorption post-treatment, absorption pre-treatment+bioreactor, UV pre-treatment+bioreactor, and bioreactor/bioreactor combinations, for waste-gas treatment, where different gas-phase pollutants have been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eldon R Rene
- Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
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Omri I, Bouallagui H, Aouidi F, Godon JJ, Hamdi M. H2S gas biological removal efficiency and bacterial community diversity in biofilter treating wastewater odor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:10202-10209. [PMID: 21945209 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a biofilter system to treat hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contaminated air and to characterize its microbial community. The biofilter system was packed with peat. During the experimental work, the peat was divided in three layers (down, middle, and up). Satisfactory removal efficiencies of H2S were proved and reached 99% for the majority of the run time at an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 60 s. The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method was used to uncover the changes in the microbial community between the different layers. Analysis of SSCP profiles demonstrated significant differences in community structure from a layer to another with a strong decrease in species diversity towards the up layer. It was found that the used support was suitable for microorganism growth, and may have a potential application in H2S biofiltration system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhem Omri
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Technologie Microbienne, University of Carthage, INSAT, B.P. 676, 1080 Tunis, Tunisia.
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40
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Tsao YC, Wu CF, Chang PE, Chen SY, Hwang YH. Efficacy of using multiple open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers in an odor emission episode investigation at a semiconductor manufacturing plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:3158-3165. [PMID: 21621818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the efficacy of simultaneously employing three open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers with 3-day consecutive monitoring, using an odor episode as an example. The corresponding monitoring paths were allocated among the possible emission sources of a semiconductor manufacturing plant and the surrounding optoelectronic and electronic-related factories, which were located in a high-tech industrial park. There was a combined total odor rate of 43.9% for the three monitoring paths, each comprised of 736 continuous 5-minute monitoring records and containing detectable odor compounds, such as ammonia, ozone, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). The results of the logistic regression model indicated that the prevailing south wind and the OP-FTIR monitoring path closest to the emission source in down-wind direction resulted in a high efficacy for detecting odorous samples with odds ratios (OR) of 3.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9-5.0) and 5.1 (95% CI: 3.6-7.2), respectively. Meanwhile, the odds ratio for detecting ammonia odorous samples was 7.5 for Path II, which was downwind closer to the possible source, as compared to Path III, downwind far away from the possible source. PGMEA could not be monitored at Path II but could be at Path III, indicating the importance of the monitoring path and flow ejection velocities inside the stacks on the monitoring performance of OP-FTIR. Besides, an odds ratio of 5.1 for odorous sample detection was obtained with south prevailing wind comprising 65.0% of the monitoring time period. In general, it is concluded that OP-FTIR operated with multiple paths simultaneously shall be considered for investigation on relatively complicated episodes such as emergency of chemical release, multiple-source emission and chemical monitoring for odor in a densely populated plant area to enhance the efficacy of OP-FTIR monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chieh Tsao
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
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41
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Chen J, Chen TB, Gao D, Lei M, Zheng GD, Liu HT, Guo SL, Cai L. Reducing H2S production by O2 feedback control during large-scale sewage sludge composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:65-70. [PMID: 20926274 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) production patterns and the influence of oxygen (O(2)) concentration were studied based on a well operated composting plant. A real-time, online multi-gas detection system was applied to monitor the concentrations of H(2)S and O(2) in the pile during composting. The results indicate that H(2)S was mainly produced during the early stage of composting, especially during the first 40 h. Lack of available O(2) was the main reason for H(2)S production. Maintaining the O(2) concentration higher than 14% in the pile could reduce H(2)S production. This study suggests that shortening the interval between aeration or aerating continuously to maintain a high O(2) concentration in the pile was an effective strategy for restraining H(2)S production in sewage sludge composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Beijing 100101, China
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42
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Karageorgos P, Latos M, Mpasiakos C, Chalarakis E, Dimitrakakis E, Daskalakis C, Psillakis E, Lazaridis M, Kalogerakis N. Characterization and dispersion modeling of odors from a piggery facility. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2010; 39:2170-2178. [PMID: 21284315 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2010.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Piggeries are known for their nuisance odors, creating problems for workers and nearby residents. Chemical substances that contribute to these odors include sulfurous organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, phenols and indoles, ammonia, volatile amines, and volatile fatty acids. In this work, daily mean concentrations of ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured by hand-held devices. Measurements were taken in several places within the facility (farrowing to finishing rooms). Hydrogen sulfide concentration was found to be 40 to 50 times higher than the human odor threshold value in the nursery and fattening room, resulting in strong nuisance odors. Ammonia concentrations ranged from 2 to 18 mL m(-3) and also contributed to the total odor nuisance. Emission data from various chambers of the pig farm were used with the dispersion model AERMOD to determine the odor nuisance caused due to the presence of H2S and NH3 to receptors at various distances from the facility. Because just a few seconds of exposure can cause an odor nuisance, a "peak-to-mean" ratio was used to predict the maximum odor concentrations. Several scenarios were examined using the modified AERMOD program, taking into account the complex terrain around the pig farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Karageorgos
- Dep. of Environmental Engineering, Technical Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece
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Valerio F. Environmental impacts of post-consumer material managements: recycling, biological treatments, incineration. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 30:2354-61. [PMID: 20573498 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The environmental impacts of recycling, mechanical biological treatments (MBT) and waste-to-energy incineration, the main management strategies to respond to the increasing production of post-consumer materials are reviewed and compared. Several studies carried out according to life-cycle assessment (LCA) confirm that the lowest environmental impact, on a global scale, is obtained by recycling and by biological treatments (composting and anaerobic fermentations) if compost is used in agriculture. The available air emission factors suggest that, on a local scale, mechanical biological treatments with energy recovery of biogas, may be intrinsically safer than waste-to-energy incinerators. Several studies confirm the capability of biological treatments to degrade many toxic xenobiotic contaminating urban wastes such as dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, an important property to be improved, for safe agricultural use of compost. Further LCA studies to compare the environmental impact of MBTs and of waste-to-energy incinerators are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Valerio
- National Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Environmental Chemistry, Genoa 16132, Italy.
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Characteristic of Odorous Compounds Emitted from Livestock Waste Treatment Facilities Combined Methane Fermentation and Composting Process. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2008. [DOI: 10.5187/jast.2008.50.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Yang WF, Hsing HJ, Yang YC, Shyng JY. The effects of selected parameters on the nitric oxide removal by biofilter. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 148:653-9. [PMID: 17420094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale biofilter was used to demonstrate the treatability of off-gas containing nitric oxide (NO) by examining selected operational parameters. After 6 days of operation, the biofilter reached to a steady state and NO reduction was significant, reducing from 200 ppm to 95 and 40 ppm after 6 and 40 days of continuous operation. The oxygen concentrations in the inlet would affect NO removal performance significantly; as oxygen content decreasing from 6% to 0%, the NO removal efficiency increased from 55% to 99%, indicating that oxygen inhibited the progress of denitrification. NO removal was inversely proportional to inlet NO concentration, removal efficiency decreased from 88% to 40 % as NO concentration increasing from 60 to 500 ppm. Column height would significant effect on the NO removal efficiency, under column height=6.5m and O(2)=6% conditions, 90% of removal efficiency was achievable. The effect of glucose added into biofilter would significantly enhance the NO removal efficiencies for both anaerobic and aerobic conditions of which 99% and 55%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Fa Yang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC
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46
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Yao YY, Chen WX, Lu SS. Preparation and deodorizing performance of a novel air-purifying material. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Schlegelmilch M, Herold T, Streese J, Hensel A, Stegmann R. The potential to reduce emissions of airborne microorganisms by means of biological waste gas treatment systems. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 25:955-64. [PMID: 16140000 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations regarding the reduction of airborne germs in the waste gas of biowaste composting processes have been carried out at the Hamburg University of Science and Technology and the University of Leipzig. Numerous waste gas treatment plants, ranging from laboratory-scale to technical-scale, have been available at the institutes of these two project partners. All plants consisted of bioscrubber/biofilter combinations. The results showed that these biological systems designed for odour control are able to successfully reduce bioaerosol emissions, even though a reduction to background levels could not be achieved. The bioscrubber, if equipped with a droplet separator, proved to be mainly responsible for the reduction, whereas the biofilter acted as a source for microbial emissions originating from the filter material. It could be observed that the microbial population changed while passing the treatment system, indicating the ability of biological waste gas treatment systems to retain potentially pathogenic microorganisms from waste gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlegelmilch
- Hamburg University of Technology, Department Institute of Waste Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany.
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Kleeberg KK, Liu Y, Jans M, Schlegelmilch M, Streese J, Stegmann R. Development of a simple and sensitive method for the characterization of odorous waste gas emissions by means of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS/olfactometry. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 25:872-9. [PMID: 16129593 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed for the extraction of odorous compounds from waste gas. The enriched compounds were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography followed by simultaneous flame ionization detection and olfactometry (GC-FID/O). Five different SPME fiber coatings were tested, and the carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fiber showed the highest ability to extract odorous compounds from the waste gas. Furthermore, parameters such as exposure time, desorption temperature, and desorption time have been optimized. The SPME method was successfully used to characterize an odorous waste gas from a fat refinery prior to and after waste gas treatment in order to describe the treatment efficiency of the used laboratory scale plant which consisted of a bioscrubber/biofilter combination and an activated carbon adsorber. The developed method is a valuable approach to provide detailed information of waste gas composition and complements existing methods for the determination of odors. However, caution should be exercised if CAR/PDMS fibers are used for the quantification of odorous compounds in multi-component matrices like waste gas emissions since the relative affinity of each analyte was shown to differ according to the total amount of analytes present in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Kleeberg
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Waste Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, D-21079 Hamburg, Germany.
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49
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Schlegelmilch M, Streese J, Biedermann W, Herold T, Stegmann R. Odour control at biowaste composting facilities. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 25:917-27. [PMID: 16140001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 07/09/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There are several options to effectively reduce odorous emissions at composting facilities depending on the type of composting system used. Some of the more relevant measures for open and enclosed composting facilities are presented in this article. Results from different investigations on odour reduction efficiencies of biological waste gas treatment systems at various scales are presented. Biofilter/bioscrubber combinations were used and different biofilter materials were tested. The more relevant odorous substances in the waste gas were identified, and their reduction in the different systems was measured. The biofilter proved to be mainly responsible for efficient odour degradation. The investigations presented in this article revealed that screened compost was very effective, and proved to be a low cost biofilter material for odour degradation purposes. Screened compost showed higher degradation rates than a coke-compost mixture newly developed by the University of Leipzig. Furthermore, it seems that enclosed systems have advantages when compared to conventional open single bed biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schlegelmilch
- Hamburg University of Technology, Department Institute of Waste Management, Harburger Schlossstr. 36, 21079 Hamburg, Germany.
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50
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Ranau R, Kleeberg KK, Schlegelmilch M, Streese J, Stegmann R, Steinhart H. Analytical determination of the suitability of different processes for the treatment of odorous waste gas. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2005; 25:908-16. [PMID: 16140002 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2004] [Revised: 06/14/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the efficiency of different treatment systems for the reduction of odorous emissions, a gas chromatographic method followed by simultaneous mass spectrometry and olfactometry (GC-MS/O) was developed. Samples from a coffee bean roasting and a fat and oil processing plant were analyzed, respectively. The results were compared with the data obtained by olfactometric measurements. At a coffee bean roasting plant, cooling gases were analyzed prior to and after treatment in a full scale bioscrubber. The GC-MS/O analysis showed that the amounts of aldehydes and ketones decreased after treatment of cooling gases of coffee bean roasting in the bioscrubber, whereas the contents of the heterocyclic compounds, like pyridine and the pyrazines, and acetophenone and guaiacol remained almost unchanged. The amounts of dimethyl disulfide, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and the carboxylic acids increased after bioscrubber treatment. Furthermore, the performance of each stage of a combined experimental plant for the treatment of exhaust air of fat and oil processing was investigated. This treatment plant consisted of a bioscrubber, a biofilter, and an activated carbon adsorber. The important odor-active compounds of the exhaust air of fat and oil processing were the typical fat oxidation products (aldehydes, ketones) and with lower importance 2-pentylfuran, a few terpenes and aromates. Again, the key odor-active compounds, aldehydes and ketones, were degraded in the bioscrubber. Further degradation of aliphatic, unsaturated, methylated, and cyclic alkanes, as well as aromates, terpenes, and furans by the biofilter was observed. After the last treatment stage, the activated carbon filter, only small amounts of aliphatic, unsaturated, methylated, and cyclic alkanes and aromates remained in the waste gas. For both applications, the results of the developed GC-MS/O method correlated very well with olfactometric measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ranau
- University of Hamburg, Institute of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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