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Król M, Florek P, Marzec M, Wójcik S, Dziża K, Mozgawa W. Structural studies of calcium silicate hydrate modified with heavy metal cations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124681. [PMID: 38905898 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the immobilization mechanisms of heavy metal ions in the C-S-H phase. Synthetic C-S-H phases were prepared via the precipitation method, incorporating five different ions (Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III)). Structural analysis of the obtained material was conducted using vibrational spectroscopy (both FT-IR and Raman), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic methods were primarily employed to evaluate the structural effects and polymerization degree of the resulting C-S-H phase. Morphological changes were characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Our findings reveal several mechanisms for immobilizing heavy metal cations: precipitation of insoluble compounds (particularly notable for Ni(II) and Cr(III)), replacement of Ca(II) ions within the silicate structure (evident in the crystallization of Ca(OH)2 in samples containing Cd(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) in minimal quantities), and strong bonding of certain metals (such as Pb(II)) with the C-S-H phase structure. These insights contribute to understanding the potential applications of C-S-H phases in heavy metal immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Król
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramic, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, POLAND.
| | - P Florek
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramic, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, POLAND
| | - M Marzec
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, POLAND
| | - S Wójcik
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramic, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, POLAND
| | - K Dziża
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy; Dipartamento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS) Universitadi Genova, via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - W Mozgawa
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramic, AGH University of Krakow, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Kraków, POLAND
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2
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Piekkari K, Nguyen H, Kilpimaa K, Illikainen M. Ladle slag-based binder for the solidification/stabilization of heavy-metal-rich industrial waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:121956. [PMID: 39083946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution from industrial sources is a major environmental and health hazard on a global scale. This study introduces a solidification/stabilization method of industrial waste using a waste-based, ettringite-rich solid binder from ladle slag and gypsum for the immobilization of an industrial waste material with extremely high contents of several heavy metals. The importance of sulfate and water content on the immobilization efficiency and the use of citric acid to increase the processing time of the binder were studied. The leaching of Pb, Hg, Se, As, Cd, Cu, and Ni was measured, and X-ray powder diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and field-emission electron probe microanalysis combined with wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the structure of the hardened binder and the location of the heavy metals within. The study shows that the ladle slag/gypsum binder is suitable for the solidification/stabilization of heavy-metal-rich solid industrial waste. Hg, As, Cd, Cu, and Ni were fully immobilized in all scenarios covered in the study, whereas Pb and Se showed more complicated behaviors. The main immobilization method was encapsulation, and partial Se incorporation into ettringite was observed. The presence of citric acid increased the processing time of the binder without harming the immobilization, unless combined with low sulfate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Piekkari
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, PO Box 4300, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, PO Box 4300, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Katja Kilpimaa
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, PO Box 4300, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
| | - Mirja Illikainen
- Fiber and Particle Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, PO Box 4300, 90014, University of Oulu, Finland.
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Yu C, Yu ZK, Liao RP, Wang YB, Cai X, Zeng ZL. B-nZVI optimization of strength and heavy metal stability of lead-contaminated soil solidified by Portland cement. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:383. [PMID: 39167286 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Traditional cement solidifying or stabilizing heavy metal-contaminated sites often face issues like alkalinity loss, cracking, and poor long-term performance. Therefore, bentonite-supported nano-zero-valent iron (B-nZVI) was introduced to optimize the remediation effect of cement in this paper. The effects of B-nZVI, ordinary Portland cement (OPC), and B-nZVI + OPC on the chemical stability of heavy metals and the physical strength of lead-contaminated soil were compared using semi-dynamic leaching methods, BCR tests, unconfined strength analysis, and micro-assisted analysis. Results demonstrated that the addition of B-nZVI effectively enhanced the remediation efficacy of OPC on lead-contaminated soil. The combination of B-nZVI and OPC exhibited a synergistic repair effect, offering superior physical strength and chemical stability for lead remediation. B-nZVI facilitated the adsorption and enrichment of Pb2+, thereby reducing oxidizable lead and enhancing short-term stabilization. Meanwhile, OPC precipitation and silicate gelling stabilized exchangeable lead into the residual form, necessitating repeated hydration gelling. Additionally, B-nZVI's sealing effect via water absorption delayed the leaching of exchangeable lead, thereby reducing lead migration. Even with only 1% B-nZVI added to the 12% OPC base, the leaching amount of Pb2+ decreased significantly from 67.6 to 6.59 mg/kg after 7 d of curing. The unconfined strength of contaminated soil treated with the composite solidifying agent for 7 d was 12.87% higher than that of OPC alone, and for 28 d, it was 36.48% higher. This optimization scheme presents a promising approach for effective and sustainable remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Yu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- College of Environmental Protection, Zhejiang Industry and Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, 325002, China
| | - Zhao-Kai Yu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Rao-Ping Liao
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Ya-Bo Wang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Zeng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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Cao W, Lv X, Ban J, Lu JX, Liu Z, Chen Z, Poon CS. High-efficient stabilization and solidification of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by synergy of alkali treatment and supersulfated cement. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 355:124261. [PMID: 38815891 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (IFA) designated as hazardous waste poses risks to environment and human health. This study introduces a novel approach for the stabilization and solidification (S/S) of IFA: a combined approach involving alkali treatment and immobilization in low-carbon supersulfated cement (SSC). The impact of varying temperatures of alkali solution on the chemical and mineralogical compositions, as well as the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA, and the removal efficiency of heavy metals and metallic aluminum (Al) were examined. The physical characteristics, hydration kinetics and effectiveness of SSC in immobilizing IFA were also analyzed. Results showed that alkali treatment at 25 °C effectively eliminated heavy metals like manganese (Mn), barium (Ba), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) to safe levels and totally removed the metallic Al, while enhancing the pozzolanic reactivity of IFA. By incorporating the alkali-treated IFA and filtrate, the density, compressive strength and hydration reaction of SSC were improved, resulting in higher hydration degree, finer pore structure, and denser microstructure compared to untreated IFA. The rich presence of calcium-aluminosilicate-hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) and ettringite (AFt) in SSC facilitated the efficient stabilization and solidification of heavy metals, leading to a significant decrease in their leaching potential. The use of SSC for treating Ca(OH)2- and 25°C-treated IFA could achieve high strength and high-efficient immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuesen Lv
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaxing Ban
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jian-Xin Lu
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ze Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chi Sun Poon
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Li X, Sun Y, Li W, Nie Y, Wang F, Bian R, Wang H, Wang YN, Gong Z, Lu J, Gao W, Lu C. Solidification/stabilization pre-treatment coupled with landfill disposal of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash in China: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135479. [PMID: 39141943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The growth in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) has resulted in a substantial rise in the production of fly ash in China. It is anticipated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan", the accumulated amount of fly ash stocked and disposed of at landfills will surpass 100 million tons. With the development of the economy and the implementation of garbage classification relevant policies, the pollution characteristics of heavy metal change in spatiotemporal distribution. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) pre-treatment coupled with landfill disposal is the mainstream method for fly ash. This study provides a systematic overview and comparison of the current application status and research on the mechanism of S/S technology, and the long-term stability of solidified/stabilized fly ash is a crucial factor in controlling the risks of landfills. Subsequently, it examines the influencing factors and mechanisms associated with heavy metals leaching under different environmental scenarios (meteorological factors, leachate and acid rain erosion, and carbonation, etc.), and concludes that single stabilization technology is difficult to meet long-term landfill requirements. Finally, the limits of heavy metal leaching toxicity evaluation methods and landfilled fly ash supervision were discussed, and relevant suggestions for future development were proposed. This study can provide theoretical instruction and technical support for the risk control of potential environmental risks of heavy metals in solidified/stabilized fly ash from landfills in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Weihua Li
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Yanqi Nie
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Fuhao Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Rongxing Bian
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhaoguo Gong
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Qingdao SUS Renewable Energy Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266113, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266300, China
| | - Chenggang Lu
- Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, Qingdao University of Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao 266033, China
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Rezaei Vahdat F, Ashtari P, Dehghani H. Sustainable utilization of mine wastes in mortar production as a part of aggregates: a case study on calcareous wastes of Angoran lead and zinc mine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34401-8. [PMID: 39066946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of large-scale utilizing calcareous wastes (CW) of Angoran lead and zinc mine as aggregates in mortar production with the maximum possible substitution of natural aggregates. The main goal was to produce mortar (concrete with fine aggregates as fine as sand or smaller) from Angoran mine's calcareous wastes for maintenance in its underground spaces. Compared to concrete, such mortars with better fluidity can enter narrow spaces more easily. In addition, it can be used to build various structures around the mine. Therefore, multiple samples were prepared by replacing 0% (as the control sample), 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of natural aggregates with CW. Subsequently, compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption, slump, and TCLP tests were conducted on these samples. The results revealed that the mortar sample with 80% CW exhibited significantly higher compressive strength at 3, 14, 28, and 56 days compared to both the control sample and other samples. Specifically, the compressive strength of this sample reached 35.5 MPa at 56 days, representing an 18.4% increase over the control sample. This indicates that the hydration of cement and the growth of C-S-H gel were enhanced. Analysis of the workability and slump of the samples indicated that as the percentage of natural aggregate replaced by CW increased, the fluidity of the mortar slightly decreased. In addition to mechanical properties like compressive strength, environmental aspects like heavy metal stabilization are also very important. So, TCLP tests conducted on the four heavy metals lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium demonstrated that the released amounts of these elements from all the samples were below the EPA standard limits. These findings confirm the effective stabilization of heavy metals in mortar samples. A comparison of SEM images revealed that the mortar sample made with 20% CW (with minimum compressive strength) exhibited a higher presence of ettringite compared to the sample made with 80% CW (with maximum compressive strength) after 28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rezaei Vahdat
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Iran, Hamedan
| | - Pedram Ashtari
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Iran, Hamedan.
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Department of Mining, Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan University of Technology, Iran, Hamedan
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Li K, Zhu L, Wu Z, Wang X. Properties of Cemented Filling Materials Prepared from Phosphogypsum-Steel Slag-Blast-Furnace Slag and Its Environmental Effect. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3618. [PMID: 39063909 PMCID: PMC11278685 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) occupies a large amount of land due to its large annual production and low utilization rate, and at the same time causes serious environmental problems due to toxic impurities. PG is used for mine backfill, and industrial solid waste is a curing agent for PG, which can save the filling cost and reduce environmental pollution. In this paper, PG was used as a raw material, combined with steel slag (SS) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) under the action of an alkali-activated agent (NaOH) to prepare all-solid waste phosphogypsum-based backfill material (PBM). The effect of the GGBS to SS ratio on the compressive strength and toxic leaching of PBM was investigated. The chemical composition of the raw materials was obtained by XRF analysis, and the mineral composition and morphology of PBM and its stabilization/curing mechanism against heavy metals were analyzed using XRD and SEM-EDS. The results showed that the best performance of PBM was achieved when the contents of PG, GGBS, and SS were 80%, 13%, and 7%, the liquid-to-solid ratio was 0.4, and the mass concentration of NaOH was 4%, with a strength of 2.8 MPa at 28 days. The leaching concentration of fluorine at 7 days met the standard of groundwater class IV (2 mg/L), and the leaching concentration of phosphorus was detected to be less than 0.001 mg/L, and the leaching concentration of heavy metals met the environmental standard at 14 d. The hydration concentration in PBM met the environmental standard. The hydration products in PBM are mainly ettringite and C-(A)-S-H gel, which can effectively stabilize the heavy metals in PG through chemical precipitation, physical adsorption, and encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Guiyang Water Environment Group Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Lishun Zhu
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhonghu Wu
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Z.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (L.Z.); (Z.W.)
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Yadav P, Petrella A, Todaro F, De Gisi S, Vitone C, Petti R, Notarnicola M. Ex Situ Stabilization/Solidification Approaches of Marine Sediments Using Green Cement Admixtures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3597. [PMID: 39063888 PMCID: PMC11278605 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The routine dredging of waterways produces huge volumes of sediments. Handling contaminated dredged sediments poses significant and diverse challenges around the world. In recent years, novel and sustainable ex situ remediation technologies for contaminated sediments have been developed and applied. This review article focuses on cement-based binders in stabilizing contaminants through the stabilization/solidification (S/S) technique and the utilization of contaminated sediments as a resource. Through S/S techniques, heavy metals can be solidified and stabilized in dense and durable solid matrices, reducing their permeability and restricting their release into the environment. Industrial by-products like red mud (RM), soda residue (SR), pulverized fly ash (PFA), and alkaline granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) can immobilize heavy metal ions such as lead, zinc, cadmium, copper, and chromium by precipitation. However, in a strong alkali environment, certain heavy metal ions might dissolve again. To address this, immobilization in low pH media can be achieved using materials like GGBS, metakaolin (MK), and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). Additionally, heavy metals can be also immobilized through the formation of silicate gels and ettringites during pozzolanic reactions by mechanisms such as adsorption, ion exchanges, and encapsulation. It is foreseeable that, in the future, the scientific community will increasingly turn towards multidisciplinary studies on novel materials, also after an evaluation of the effects on long-term heavy metal stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravendra Yadav
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Andrea Petrella
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Francesco Todaro
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Sabino De Gisi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Claudia Vitone
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Rossella Petti
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
| | - Michele Notarnicola
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (P.Y.); (C.V.); (R.P.); (M.N.)
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Bouchikhi A, Safhi AEM, Maherzi W, Mamindy-Pajany Y, Kunther W, Benzerzour M, Abriak NE. Advancements in Heavy Metal Stabilization: A Comparative Study on Zinc Immobilization in Glass-Portland Cement Binders. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2867. [PMID: 38930239 PMCID: PMC11204890 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent literature has exhibited a growing interest in the utilization of ground glass powder (GP) as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM). Yet, the application of SCMs in stabilizing heavy metallic and metalloid elements remains underexplored. This research zeroes in on zinc stabilization using a binder amalgam of GP and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This study juxtaposes the stability of zinc in a recomposed binder consisting of 30% GP and 70% OPC (denoted as 30GP-M) against a reference binder of 100% CEM I 52.5 N (labeled reference mortar, RM) across curing intervals of 1, 28, and 90 days. Remarkably, the findings indicate a heightened kinetic immobilization of Zn at 90 days in the presence of GP-surging up to 40% in contrast to RM. Advanced microstructural analyses delineate the stabilization locales for Zn, including on the periphery of hydrated C3S particles (Zn-C3S), within GP-reactive sites (Si*-O-Zn), and amid C-S-H gel structures, i.e., (C/Zn)-S-H. A matrix with 30% GP bolsters the hydration process of C3S vis-à-vis the RM matrix. Probing deeper, the microstructural characterization underscores GP's prowess in Zn immobilization, particularly at the interaction zone with the paste. In the Zn milieu, it was discerning a transmutation-some products born from the GP-Portlandite reaction morph into GP-calcium-zincate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Bouchikhi
- Laboratoire des Infrastructures Intelligentes et des Technologies de l’Environnement Connectés (LabI2TEC), Institut Supérieur du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics, F-13009 Marseille, France
| | - Amine el Mahdi Safhi
- Department of Building, Civil, and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Walid Maherzi
- Institut Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, Université de Lille, ULR 4515—LGCgE, F-59000 Douai, France; (W.M.); (Y.M.-P.); (M.B.); (N.-E.A.)
| | - Yannick Mamindy-Pajany
- Institut Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, Université de Lille, ULR 4515—LGCgE, F-59000 Douai, France; (W.M.); (Y.M.-P.); (M.B.); (N.-E.A.)
| | - Wolfgang Kunther
- Materials and Durability, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Mahfoud Benzerzour
- Institut Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, Université de Lille, ULR 4515—LGCgE, F-59000 Douai, France; (W.M.); (Y.M.-P.); (M.B.); (N.-E.A.)
| | - Nor-Edine Abriak
- Institut Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, Université de Lille, ULR 4515—LGCgE, F-59000 Douai, France; (W.M.); (Y.M.-P.); (M.B.); (N.-E.A.)
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Huang X, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Wang H, Xue F, Hou H. Zero-carbon inertization processes of hazardous mine tailings: Mineral physicochemical properties, transformation mechanism, and long-term stability. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133882. [PMID: 38412646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Hazardous mine tailings (HMTs) dam failures can cause devastation to the ecology environment, people's lives and property, which require expensive and complicated remediation engineering systematacially. A cheap and sustainable inertization disposal is proposed for de-risking HMTs without any carbon emissions, stabilizing hazardous heavy metal cations within safety minerals and also sequestering CO2 in the process, simultaneously. Herein, lead-zinc tailings as target HMTs were inertized by using waste rice husk ashes (RHAs) and carbide slag (CS) with a certain ratio, and lead-zinc tailings hardened pastes (LZTHPs) were investigated based on the experimental performance, analytical characteristics, and simulation diffusion methods, to deeply unveil the minerals transformation mechanisms and long-term stability from the cation perspectives. Results revealed that LZTHPs' compressive strength ranged from 1.04-4.73 MPa and leaching toxicity concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd reached 0.03 mg/L, 1.78 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L, respectively. C-S-H gels (Type I and II), cation hydroxides and CO2 mineralization carbonates were the hydrates in LZTHPs. Pb (86%), Zn (78%), Cr (76%), and Cd (65%) were immobilized as residual state, and CO2 mineralization capacity was 0.16 kg/kg. The diffusion coefficient of Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd below 4.48 × 10-10 cm2/s, 1.39 × 10-10 cm2/s, 4.72 × 10-10 cm2/s, and 0.30 × 10-12 cm2/s, which would be sufficient in most scenarios to adequately stabilize tailings. Diffusion control is the leaching mechanism of cations. After 100 years of simulation diffusion, the diffusion areas of Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cd are 1.33 × 10-3∼1.49 cm2, 2.47 × 10-4∼0.48 cm2, 2.47-8.61 × 10-4 cm2, and 1.49 cm2, respectively, and the environmental impact of LZTHPs was negligible. This study provides promising solutions for alleviating hazardous tailings dangerous, achieving sustainable development with zero-carbon emission, implying the concept of eliminating waste by waste, synchronously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuquan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Sun
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- Ecology and Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment Administration, Ministry of Ecological and Environment, Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Fei Xue
- Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China; College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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11
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Guo L, Xu X, Wang Q, Park J, Lei H, Zhou L, Wang X. Machine learning-based prediction of heavy metal immobilization rate in the solidification/stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) by geopolymers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133682. [PMID: 38341892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geopolymer is an environmentally friendly solidification/stabilization (S/S) binder, exhibiting significant potential for immobilizing heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA). However, due to the diversity in geopolymer raw materials and heavy metal properties, predicting the heavy metal immobilization rate proves to be challenging. In order to enhance the application of geopolymers in immobilizing heavy metals in MSWIFA, a universal method is required to predict the heavy metal immobilization rate. Therefore, this study employs machine learning to predict the heavy metal immobilization rate in S/S of MSWIFA by geopolymers. A gradient boosting regression (GB) model with superior performance (R2 = 0.9214) was obtained, and a graphical user interface (GUI) software was developed to facilitate the convenient accessibility of researchers. The feature categories influencing heavy metal immobilization rate are ranked in order of importance as heavy metal properties > geopolymer raw material properties > curing conditions > alkali activator properties. This study facilitates the rapid prediction, improvement, and optimization of heavy metal immobilization in S/S of MSWIFA by geopolymers, and also provides a theoretical basis for the resource utilization of industrial solid waste, contributing to the environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Guo
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Xin Xu
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Junboum Park
- Department of Civil and Environment Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Haomin Lei
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
| | - Xinhai Wang
- College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
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12
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Barbhuiya S, Das BB, Qureshi T, Adak D. Cement-based solidification of nuclear waste: Mechanisms, formulations and regulatory considerations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120712. [PMID: 38531127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides a comprehensive analysis of cement-based solidification and immobilisation of nuclear waste. It covers various aspects including mechanisms, formulations, testing and regulatory considerations. The paper begins by emphasizing the importance of nuclear waste management and the associated challenges. It explores the mechanisms and principles in cement-based solidification, with a particular focus on the interaction between cement and nuclear waste components. Different formulation considerations are discussed, encompassing factors such as cement types, the role of additives and modifiers. The review paper also examines testing and characterisation methods used to assess the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of solidified waste forms. Then the paper addresses the regulatory considerations and compliance requirements for cement-based solidification. The paper concludes by critically elaborating on the current challenges, emerging trends and future research needs in the field. Overall, this review paper offers a comprehensive overview of cement-based solidification, providing valuable insights for researchers, practitioners and regulatory bodies involved in nuclear waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Barbhuiya
- Department of Engineering and Construction, University of East London, London, UK.
| | | | - Tanvir Qureshi
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Limited, Chalk River, ON, Canada; Department of Engineering Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - Dibyendu Adak
- Department of Civil Engineering, NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India
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13
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Hamilton A, Bots P, Zhou H, Liu B, Hall C. Clean-up of divalent cobalt ions by massive sequestration in a low-cost calcium silicate hydrate material. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7052. [PMID: 38528006 PMCID: PMC11336121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cobalt is a critical resource in industrial economies for the manufacture of electric-vehicle batteries, alloys, magnets, and catalysts, but has acute supply-chain risks and poses a threat to the environment. Large-scale sequestration of cobalt in low-cost materials under mild conditions opens a path to cobalt recycling, recovery and environmental clean-up. We describe such sequestration of cobalt by a widely available commercial calcium silicate material containing the mineral xonotlite. Xonotlite rapidly and spontaneously takes up 40 percent of its weight of cobalt under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure and reduces dissolved cobalt concentrations to low parts per million. A new Sharp Front experimental design is used to obtain kinetic and chemical information. Sequestration occurs by a coupled dissolution-precipitation replacement mechanism. The cobalt silicate reaction product is largely amorphous but has phyllosilicate features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hamilton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK.
| | - Pieter Bots
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Christopher Hall
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
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14
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Lu J, Wu D, Li S, Gao X. Reaction Process of Solid Waste Composite-Based Cementitious Materials for Immobilizing and Characterizing Heavy Metals in Lead and Zinc Tailings: Based on XRD, SEM-EDS and Compressive Strength Characterization. Molecules 2024; 29:996. [PMID: 38474511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the synergistic effect and mechanism of gelling materials with blast furnace slag (BFS), steel slag (SS) and desulphurization gypsum (DG) as the main components on the hardening of heavy metal ions by lead and zinc tailings. It is found that lead and zinc tailing (LZT) is mainly composed of dolomite and quartz and contain small amounts of calcium, aluminum, iron, magnesium and other elements as well as heavy metals such as lead and zinc. By the mechanical activation method, it is found that the lead and zinc tailings powder has the largest specific surface area and the highest activity index when the ball milling time is 2 h. At a hardening timepoint of 28 d, the calcite crystals in the samples are intertwined with the amorphous C-S-H gel (C-S-H gels are mainly composed of 3CaO∙SiO2 and 2CaO∙SiO2), which enhances the structural strength of the samples. The chemical reaction analysis confirmed that the formation of calcite is a major driver for the hydration reaction of the steel slag-desulphurization gypsum (SSSDG) system. Overall, the slag, steel slag and desulphurization gypsum solid waste-based gelling materials have synergistic effects in hardening heavy metals by limiting the leaching of metal ions, adsorbing metal ions and hardening heavy metals, and facilitating the hydration process through the formation of compound salt precipitates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lu
- Anhui Province Intelligent Underground Exploration and Environmental Geotechnical Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, College of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dun Wu
- Anhui Province Intelligent Underground Exploration and Environmental Geotechnical Engineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines, College of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 243000, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
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15
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Feng D, Wang J, Chen D, Liang S. Experimental study on solidification/stabilization of leachate sludge by sulfoaluminate cement and MSWI by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:5071-5085. [PMID: 38110687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Leachate sludge is generated from the biochemical treatment sludge tank for disposing the leachate from landfill municipal solid waste (MSW). It has the characteristics of high water content and high organic matter content. Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) is used as the main curing agent, and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) by-products are used as auxiliary curing agents to solidify/stabilize the leachate sludge. The influences of SAC content and MSWI by-products content on the strength and solidification mechanism of the leachate sludge are investigated by unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test and micro-observation tests. Moreover, the leaching concentration of heavy metals of the solidified samples is analyzed by leaching toxicity test. The results show that the UCS of the solidified samples increases with an increase in cement content. When the cement content is larger than 20%, the UCS of the solidified samples satisfies the strength requirement of landfill. The enhancing effect of bottom ash on the cement-solidified samples is slight. The fly ash is a good auxiliary curing agent for improving the UCS of cement-solidified samples, and the optimal dosage of fly ash is 5% and 15% for the solidified samples with 10 ~ 30% and 40 ~ 50% cement content, respectively. Ten percent fly ash can replace 10% cement to achieve better solidification effect for the solidified samples. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in the solidified sample with 30%/40% cement and 15% fly ash/bottom ash can satisfy the strength and leaching toxicity requirements of landfill. The immobilization of heavy metal of the cement and MSWI by-products solidified samples is mainly achieved through physical adsorption, physical encapsulation, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deluan Feng
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongyao Chen
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shihua Liang
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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16
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Kasprzhitskii A, Ermolov Y, Mischinenko V, Vasilchenko A, Yatsenko EA, Smoliy VA. Mechanism of Cs Immobilization within a Sodalite Framework: The Role of Alkaline Cations and the Si/Al Ratio. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17023. [PMID: 38069346 PMCID: PMC10707466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioning of radioactive waste generated from the operation of medical institutions, nuclear cycle facilities, and nuclear facilities is important for the safety of the environment. One of the most hazardous radionuclides is radioactive cesium. There is a need for more effective solutions to contain radionuclides, especially cesium (Cs+). Geopolymers are promising inorganic materials that can provide a large active surface area with adjustable porosity and binding capacity. The existence of nanosized zeolite-like structures in aluminosilicate gels was shown earlier. These structures are candidates for immobilizing radioactive cesium (Cs+). However, the mechanisms of their interactions with the aluminosilicate framework related to radionuclide immobilization have not been well studied. In this work, the influence of alkaline cations (Na+ or K+) and the aluminosilicate framework structure on the binding capacity and mechanism of interaction of geopolymers with Cs+ is explored in the example of a sodalite framework. The local structure of the water molecules and alkaline ions in the equilibrium state and its behavior when the Si/Al ratio was changed were studied by DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kasprzhitskii
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rostov State Transport University, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Sq., Rostov-on-Don 344038, Russia
- Climate Center, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yakov Ermolov
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rostov State Transport University, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Sq., Rostov-on-Don 344038, Russia
- Climate Center, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Street, 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Vasilii Mischinenko
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rostov State Transport University, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Sq., Rostov-on-Don 344038, Russia
| | - Andrey Vasilchenko
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Rostov State Transport University, Narodnogo Opolcheniya Sq., Rostov-on-Don 344038, Russia
| | - Elena A. Yatsenko
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Victoria A. Smoliy
- Technological Faculty, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveshcheniya St., 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia; (Y.E.); (V.M.); (A.V.); (E.A.Y.); (V.A.S.)
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17
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Bashir MH, Ahmad HR, Murtaza G, Nawaz MF. Spatial distribution of heavy metals, source identification, risk assessment and particulate matter in the M4 motorway. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1541. [PMID: 38012481 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-containing dust is a potential severe environmental and human health threat. Metals present in dust may originate from car exhausts, tear and wear of tires, and vehicular emissions, which are less manageable. Metal-containing dust from roads can contaminate the soils, and crops alongside motorway. This study aimed to investigate the Pb Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations in dust, soil, and vegetation collected from the M4 motorway Faisalabad. The results indicated that average metal concentrations in dust from all sites varies (Pb) 44.01 mg kg-1, (Cd) 1.22 mg kg-1, (Cu) 49.5 mg kg-1, (Ni) 28.3 mg kg-1, and (Zn) 113.7 mg kg-1. The pollution assessment indices CF and PLI of Industrial city and Painsra had comparatively maximum levels of environmental pollution. Moreover, the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of metals was high at Chak 115 and Painsra, while Igeo at ten sites was in the following descending order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn. Furthermore, it was identified that the maximum ecological risk index (Eir) was in declining order, i.e., Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn, at all sites. The potential ecological risk was categorized as high risk in all respective sites. The particulate matter fractions PM2.5 and PM10 represented the maximum risk at the Industrial city site, which was unhealthy, although the Painsra site had poor air quality. The total suspended particulate was classified as hazardous at FDA city and Painsra. In contrast, food crops (maize, sugar cane, and sesame) and soil along the M4 motorway have similar Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn contamination patterns like dust. However, two crops, maize and sugarcane, along the M4 motorway were found to be more polluted. The level of metals contamination through dust disposition was consistently higher adjacent to roads, possibly indicating depraved impacts on food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hassan Bashir
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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18
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Rahman S, Rahman IMM, Hasegawa H. Management of arsenic-contaminated excavated soils: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118943. [PMID: 37748284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global sustainable development and underground space utilization projects have inadvertently exposed many excavated soils naturally contaminated with geogenic arsenic (As). Recent investigations have revealed that As in certain excavated soils, especially those originating from deep construction projects, has exceeded regulatory limits, threatening the environment and human health. While numerous remediation techniques exist for treating As-contaminated soil, the unique characteristics of geogenic As contamination in excavated soil require specific measures when leachable As content surpasses established regulatory limits. Consequently, several standard leaching tests have been developed globally to assess As leaching from contaminated soil. However, a comprehensive comparative analysis of these methods and their implementation in contaminated excavated soils remains lacking. Furthermore, the suitability and efficacy of most conventional and advanced techniques for remediating As-contaminated excavated soils remained unexplored. Therefore, this study critically reviews relevant literature and summarize recent research findings concerning the management and mitigation of geogenic As in naturally contaminated excavated soil. The objective of this study was to outline present status of excavated soil globally, the extent and mode of As enrichment, management and mitigation approaches for As-contaminated soil, global excavated soil recycling strategies, and relevant soil contamination countermeasure laws. Additionally, the study provides a concise overview and comparison of standard As leaching tests developed across different countries. Furthermore, this review assessed the suitability of prominent and widely accepted As remediation techniques based on their applicability, acceptability, cost-effectiveness, duration, and overall treatment efficiency. This comprehensive review contributes to a more profound comprehension of the challenges linked to geogenic As contamination in excavated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiqur Rahman
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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19
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Han F, An SY, Liu L, Wang Y, Ma LQ, Yang L. Sulfoaluminate cement-modified straw biochar as a soil amendment to inhibit Pb-Cd mobility in the soil-romaine lettuce system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138891. [PMID: 37164200 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely used to remediate soil polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs), while the effect of a new type of biochar, obtained from modified cement material, on the mobility of Pb and Cd in the soil-plant system is still unknown. In this study, soils doped with sulfoaluminate cement modified biochar (SBC) were characterized using a series of approaches including FTIR, XRD, and XPS, and combined with pot experiments to explore its synergistic effects on the speciation transformation, accumulation, and mobility of both Pb and Cd in a soil-romaine lettuce system in heavily contaminated soils containing 500 mg·kg-1-Pb and 3 mg·kg-1-Cd. The results showed that SBC effectively immobilized Pb and Cd in the soil and that this was achieved through cation exchange, complexation, and gel encapsulation. Moreover, SBC also changed the soil physicochemical properties and indirectly affected the speciation transformation of Pb and Cd. FTIR and XRD analyses revealed that the groups such as -OH, -COOH, SO42-, and SiO32-introduced by SBC stimulated the conversion from the soluble to the residual state of Pb. XPS analysis indicated that, the deviation of the C-O-C, C-OOH, and O-CO peak and the increased in area suggested that organic groups in the SBC were engaged in the immobilization mechanism of Pb and Cd. The transformation of residual Cd in other extractable fractions might be due to either enhanced soil reducibility or competitive adsorption with Pb. In 5% SBC soil, Pb was reduced by 27.69% and 64.84%, and Cd was reduced by 20.45% and 35.87% for shoots and roots of romaine lettuce, respectively. SBC showed a significantly positive correlation with SOM, while SOM showed a highly significantly negative correlation with both Pb and Cd in the roots. In summary, SBC can be strongly recommended as a green amendment to remediate Pb-Cd contaminated soil and to inhibit the mobility to plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Han
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shu-Yu An
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Qi Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects of Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang' an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Fan J, Yan J, Zhou M, Xu Y, Lu Y, Duan P, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Li W, Wang A, Sun D. Heavy metals immobilization of ternary geopolymer based on nickel slag, lithium slag and metakaolin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131380. [PMID: 37043859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To solve heavy metals leaching problem in the utilization of various industrial solid wastes, this work investigated the heavy metals immobilization of ternary geopolymer prepared by nickel slag (NS), lithium slag (LS), and metakaolin (MK). Compressive strength was measured to determine the optimum and appropriate mix proportions. The leaching characteristics of typical heavy metals (Cu (Ⅱ), Pb (Ⅱ), and Cr (Ⅲ)) in acid, alkali, and salt environments were revealed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). The heavy metals immobilization mechanism was explored by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests. The experimental results show that the group with a mass ratio of NS, LS and MK of 1:1:8 exhibits the highest compressive strength, which reaches 69.1 MPa at 28 d. The ternary geopolymer possesses a desirable capacity for immobilizing inherent heavy metals, where the immobilization rates of Cu and Pb reach 96.69 %, and that of Cr reaches 99.97 %. The leaching concentrations of Cr and Pb increase when the samples are exposed to acidic and alkaline environments. Cu and Pb are mainly physically encapsulated in geopolymer. Additionally, immobilization of Cr mainly involves physical encapsulation and chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Fan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiahao Yan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mengya Zhou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuwei Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of New Energy and Building Energy Saving, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Yingcan Zhu
- Shanghai Geopoly New Materials Co., Ltd, Wisdom square, Jingan district, Shanghai 200042, China.
| | - Zuhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Wengui Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Aiguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Daosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
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21
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Yang P, Liu L, Suo Y, Qu H, Xie G, Zhang C, Deng S, Lv Y. Investigating the synergistic effects of magnesia-coal slag based solid waste cementitious materials and its basic characteristics as a backfill material. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163209. [PMID: 37001664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Applying solid waste resources as backfill material can reduce both the cost of backfill and the environmental problems caused by solid waste landfills. In this paper, the synergistic reaction effects of solid waste modified magnesia slag (MMS), coal gasification slag (CGS), and desulfurized gypsum (DG) as magnesium-coal slag based cementitious materials (MCC) and their preliminary feasibility as mining cementitious materials in synergy with coal gangue for the preparation of backfill materials are investigated. The results show that the order of the compressive strength of the cementitious systems is ternary system > binary system > monolithic system, which proves the existence of synergistic effect among MMS, CGS, and DG and determines the optimal dosing of each raw material in the ternary system. At early ages, the physical effect of CGS and the chemical effect of DG in the ternary system can promote the hydration reaction of MMS, but the synergistic effect between the three is weak; At later ages, a synergistic effect occurred among silica-aluminate depolymerization in CGS, dissolved sulfate from DG and hydration products from MMS, which promoted the production of more hydration products calcium-silicate(aluminum)-hydrate (C-S(A)-H) and AFt, and improved the compressive strength. In addition, the strength, fluidity and leaching of the backfill material prepared by MCC in collaboration with coal gangue can meet the preliminary feasibility for mine backfill. In the present work, the full solid waste MCC is developed to completely replace cement and use it to prepare backfill materials, which is of great importance to the comprehensive utilization of bulk solid waste, the reduction of backfill costs, and the enhancement of the economic and ecological interests of mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Lang Liu
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yonglu Suo
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Western Mines and Hazards Prevention, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Huisheng Qu
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Geng Xie
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Caixin Zhang
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Shunchun Deng
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Yin Lv
- Energy School, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
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22
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Perera-Mercado Y, Zhang N, Hedayat A, Figueroa L, Saucedo-Salazar E, Clements C, Bolaños Sosa HG, Tupa N, Morales IY, Canahua Loza RS. Production and Incorporation of Calcium-Hydrolyzed Nanoparticles in Alkali-Activated Mine Tailings. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1875. [PMID: 37368305 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This work presented the production and incorporation of calcium-hydrolyzed nano-solutions at three concentrations (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) in alkali-activated gold mine tailings (MTs) from Arequipa, Perú. As the primary activator solution, a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at 10 M was used. Calcium-hydrolyzed nanoparticles with a particle size of 10 nm were localized inside self-assembled molecular spherical systems (micelles) with diameters of less than 80 nm that were well-dispersed in aqueous solutions and acted as secondary activator, and also as additional calcium resource for alkali-activated materials (AAMs) based on low-calcium gold MTs. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (HR-TEM/EDS) analyses were carried out to characterize the morphology, size, and structure of the calcium-hydrolyzed nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were then used to understand the chemical bonding interactions in the calcium-hydrolyzed nanoparticles and in the AAMs. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) were performed to study the structural, chemical, and phase compositions of the AAMs; uniaxial compressive tests evaluated the compressive strength of the reaction AAMs; and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses measured porosity changes in the AAMs at the nanostructure level. The results indicated that the main cementing product generated was amorphous binder gel with low quantities of nanostructured C-S-H and C-A-S-H phases. The surplus production of this amorphous binder gel produced denser AAMs at the micro-level and nano-level (macroporous systems). In addition, each increase in the concentration of calcium-hydrolyzed nano-solution had a direct/proportional effect on the mechanical properties of the AAM samples. AAM with 3 wt.% calcium-hydrolyzed nano-solution had the highest compressive strength, with a value of 15.16 MPa, which represented an increase of 62% compared with the original system without nanoparticles that were aged under the same conditions at 70 °C for seven days. These results provided useful information about the positive effect of calcium-hydrolyzed nanoparticles on gold MTs and their conversion into sustainable building materials through alkali activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibran Perera-Mercado
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 8040, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 8040, USA
| | - Ahmadreza Hedayat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 8040, USA
| | - Linda Figueroa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 8040, USA
| | - Esmeralda Saucedo-Salazar
- Central Laboratory for Analytical Instrumentation, Research Center for Applied Chemistry (CIQA), Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo 140, Saltillo C.P. 25294, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cara Clements
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois St., Golden, CO 8040, USA
| | - Héctor Gelber Bolaños Sosa
- Department of Metallurgical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa, Arequipa C.P. 04001, Peru
| | - Néstor Tupa
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa, Arequipa C.P. 04001, Peru
| | - Isaac Yanqui Morales
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa, Arequipa C.P. 04001, Peru
| | - Reynaldo Sabino Canahua Loza
- Department of Metallurgical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Process Engineering, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina Nro. 117, Arequipa, Arequipa C.P. 04001, Peru
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23
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Liu Y, Molinari S, Dalconi MC, Valentini L, Bellotto MP, Ferrari G, Pellay R, Rilievo G, Vianello F, Salviulo G, Chen Q, Artioli G. Mechanistic insights into Pb and sulfates retention in ordinary Portland cement and aluminous cement: Assessing the contributions from binders and solid waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131849. [PMID: 37393826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying immobilization mechanisms of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of paramount importance in the field application of solidification/stabilization. Traditionally, demanding and extensive experiments are required to better access the underlying retention mechanisms, which are usually challenging to quantify and clarify precisely. Herein, we present a geochemical model with parametric fitting techniques to reveal the solidification/stabilization of Pb-rich pyrite ash through conventional (ordinary Portland cement) and alternative (calcium aluminate cement) binders. We found that ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates exhibit strong affinities for Pb at alkaline conditions. When the hydration products are unable to stabilize all the soluble Pb in the system, part of the soluble Pb may be immobilized as Pb(OH)2. At acidic and neutral conditions, hematite from pyrite ash and newly-formed ferrihydrite are the main controlling factors of Pb, coupled with anglesite and cerussite precipitation. Thus, this work provides a much-needed complement to this widely-applied solid waste remediation technique for the development of more sustainable mixture formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Dalconi
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Valentini
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Graziano Rilievo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gabriella Salviulo
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Qiusong Chen
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 24300, China; School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083 Hunan, China
| | - Gilberto Artioli
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
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24
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Enhancing the radiographic imaging of void defects in grouts by attenuation coefficient modification of grouting materials. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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25
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Liu J, Xie G, Wang Z, Li Z, Fan X, Jin H, Zhang W, Xing F, Tang L. Synthesis of geopolymer using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and steel slag: Hydration properties and immobilization of heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 341:118053. [PMID: 37167697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel method for the disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) was proposed. By applying geopolymer technology, steel slag (SS) and MSWIFA were used together as precursors to synthesize a cementitious material with sufficient strength that is useable in construction. The effects of the dosages of SS and alkaline activator on the properties of the geopolymer were investigated. Compressive testing was used to characterize the mechanical properties of the geopolymer. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for microscopic analysis. Leaching tests were performed to assess the immobilization effect of the geopolymer on heavy metals. The results showed that the compressive strength of the geopolymer reached 23.03 MPa at 56 d with 20% SS and 11% Na2O admixture. Highly polymerized hydration products, such as C-(A)-S-H gels and N-A-S-H gels, contributed to the compact microstructure, which provided mechanical strength and limited the migration and leaching of heavy metals in the geopolymer matrix. In terms of the results, this work is significant for the development of MSWIFA management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Guangming Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hesong Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Weizhuo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Feng Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Luping Tang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Division of Building Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Liu J, Wu D, Tan X, Yu P, Xu L. Review of the Interactions between Conventional Cementitious Materials and Heavy Metal Ions in Stabilization/Solidification Processing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093444. [PMID: 37176327 PMCID: PMC10179848 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology has been put forward for the purpose of improving soil strength and inhibiting contaminant migration in the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated sites. Cement, lime, and fly ash are among the most common and effective binders to treat contaminated soils. During S/S processing, the main interactions that are responsible for improving the soil's behaviors can be summarized as gelification, self-hardening, and aggregation. Currently, precipitation, incorporation, and substitution have been commonly accepted as the predominant immobilization mechanisms for heavy metal ions and have been directly verified by some micro-testing techniques. While replacement of Ca2+/Si4+ in the cementitious products and physical encapsulation remain controversial, which is proposed dependent on the indirect results. Lead and zinc can retard both the initial and final setting times of cement hydration, while chromium can accelerate the initial cement hydration. Though cadmium can shorten the initial setting time, further cement hydration will be inhibited. While for mercury, the interference impact is closely associated with its adapted anion. It should be pointed out that obtaining a better understanding of the remediation mechanism involved in S/S processing will contribute to facilitating technical improvement, further extension, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Dongbiao Wu
- Anhui Urban Construction Design Institute Corp., Ltd., Hefei 230051, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Anhui Urban Construction Design Institute Corp., Ltd., Hefei 230051, China
| | - Long Xu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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27
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Chen L, Nakamura K, Hama T. Review on stabilization/solidification methods and mechanism of heavy metals based on OPC-based binders. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117362. [PMID: 36716545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification (S/S) with ordinary portland cement (OPC)-based binders is a suitable method to remediate heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil and reuse resources of industrial wastes. In industrial wastes, alkaline wastes such as red mud (RM), soda residue (SR), pulverized fly ash (PFA), and alkalinity granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) can immobilize HM ions (Pb2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, and Cu2+) by precipitation. However, some HM ions (such as AsO43-) would redissolve within the strong alkali environment. In this case, PFA, GGBS, metakaolin (MK), and incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) which have low pH, can be used to immobilize HM ions or added to the OPC-based binders to adjust the pH in the soil products. Moreover, the calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (CASH), ettringite (AFt), and calcium monosulfoalumiante hydrates (AFm) generated during the pozzolanic reaction can also immobilize HM ions by adsorption on the surface, ion exchange, and encapsulation. SR and GGBS can be used to immobilize the HMs (such as CrO42- and AsO43-), which are mainly affected by AFt and AFm. For those not affected by AFt and AFm but related to immobilization by precipitating (such as Mn2+), other wastes except SR and GGBS are suitable for treating contaminated soil. Nevertheless, the formation of AFt is also instrumental for soil product strength. There are several factors affecting soil product strength. In the future, the influence of different hydration products on the S/S effects, competitive adsorption of HM ions, effects on long-term HM stabilization, and novel materials are worth being explored by researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Chen
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 , Japan.
| | - Kimihito Nakamura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 , Japan.
| | - Takehide Hama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 , Japan.
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28
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Neve S, Du J, Barhemat R, Meng W, Bao Y, Sarkar D. Valorization of Vetiver Root Biochar in Eco-Friendly Reinforced Concrete: Mechanical, Economic, and Environmental Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2522. [PMID: 36984402 PMCID: PMC10056510 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has shown great promise in producing low-cost low-carbon concrete for civil infrastructure applications. However, there is limited research comparing the use of pristine and contaminated biochar in concrete. This paper presents comprehensive laboratory experiments and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis on the mechanical, economical, and environmental performance of reinforced concrete beams made using concrete blended with biochar generated from vetiver grass roots after the roots were used in an oil extraction process. Both pristine biochar and biochar that were used to treat wastewater through adsorbing heavy metals (100 mg/L of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) were investigated. The biochar was used to replace up to 6% Portland cement in concrete. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the workability, mechanical properties, shrinkage, and leaching potential of the concrete blended with biochar. The results showed that using biochar could increase the compressive strengths and reduce the shrinkage of concrete without causing a leaching problem. The results from finite element analysis of the reinforced concrete beams showed that the use of biochar was able to increase the flexural performance of the beams as well as their economic and environmental performance. This research will promote the development and structural applications of low-cost low-carbon concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yi Bao
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (D.S.)
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29
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Bolan S, Wijesekara H, Tanveer M, Boschi V, Padhye LP, Wijesooriya M, Wang L, Jasemizad T, Wang C, Zhang T, Rinklebe J, Wang H, Lam SS, Siddique KHM, Kirkham MB, Bolan N. Beryllium contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 320:121077. [PMID: 36646409 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Beryllium (Be) is a relatively rare element and occurs naturally in the Earth's crust, in coal, and in various minerals. Beryllium is used as an alloy with other metals in aerospace, electronics and mechanical industries. The major emission sources to the atmosphere are the combustion of coal and fossil fuels and the incineration of municipal solid waste. In soils and natural waters, the majority of Be is sorbed to soil particles and sediments. The majority of contamination occurs through atmospheric deposition of Be on aboveground plant parts. Beryllium and its compounds are toxic to humans and are grouped as carcinogens. The general public is exposed to Be through inhalation of air and the consumption of Be-contaminated food and drinking water. Immobilization of Be in soil and groundwater using organic and inorganic amendments reduces the bioavailability and mobility of Be, thereby limiting the transfer into the food chain. Mobilization of Be in soil using chelating agents facilitates their removal through soil washing and plant uptake. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of the sources, geochemistry, health hazards, remediation practices, and current regulatory mandates of Be contamination in complex environmental settings, including soil and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Hasintha Wijesekara
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University, Belihuloya, 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania Australia, Hobart, 7005, Australia
| | - Vanessa Boschi
- Chemistry Department, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Madhuni Wijesooriya
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara, 81000, Sri Lanka
| | - Lei Wang
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chensi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia.
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Nag M, Shimaoka T. A novel and sustainable technique to immobilize lead and zinc in MSW incineration fly ash by using pozzolanic bottom ash. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117036. [PMID: 36535140 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash (FA) generated from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incineration contains high leaching potential of toxic metals. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) is the main hydration product of cement and can immobilize the leaching of toxic metals, formed by the reaction of Ca with pozzolanic Si in a highly alkaline environment. Toxic metals can be immobilized by the addition of pozzolan to FA residues (in lieu of cement), which is a source of Ca and provides an alkaline condition. The current study proposed a new approach of reusing the fine-fraction of MSW incineration bottom ash (BA), which contains amorphous silica, known as pozzolan for immobilization of lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in FA. The dissolved amorphous silica and alumina emerged from the BA, with available Ca ions and in an extremely alkaline condition owing by FA, stimulate the pozzolanic reaction, resulting the formation of cementitious compounds of C-S-H gel and calcium aluminate hydrates (C-A-H) that can immobilize the heavy metals leaching from FA. The existence of calcium hydroxide promotes the carbonation process, reducing pH, and consequently immobilizing heavy metals. The method involves the simple mixing of BA and FA with water. The mixture was settled for 1, 4, 16, and 30 days at room temperature and annealed (120 °C) conditions. The leaching concentrations of Pb and Zn significantly reduced in the stabilized FA samples followed by standard Japanese leaching test (JLT- 46). Pb stabilization efficiency was reached >99.9% after 16-days of settling periods with 10% dosage of BA at room temperature. The added BA to FA residues reacted with Ca(OH)2 and CaClOH produced the C-S-H gel. pH, XRD, and SEM-EDX analyses evaluated the carbonation and pozzolanic reactions that promoted the immobilization of Pb and Zn. Immobilization of heavy metals by using fine-fraction of BA seems to be very effective and technically feasible. The technology can save original material, produce inert material and avoids landfilling of incineration residues. More advanced and detailed experiments have been designed to promote the optimization of the proposed technology for application in industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Nag
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Shimaoka
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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31
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Xu Q, Wu B. Recent Progress on Ex Situ Remediation Technology and Resource Utilization for Heavy Metal Contaminated Sediment. TOXICS 2023; 11:207. [PMID: 36976972 PMCID: PMC10051940 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment is an important part of aquatic systems, which plays a vital role in transporting and storing metals. Due to its abundance, persistence, and environmental toxicity, heavy metal pollution has always been one of the hot spots in the world. In this article, the state-of-art ex situ remediation technology for metal-contaminated sediments is elaborated, including sediment washing, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), chemical extraction, biological treatment, as well as encapsulating pollutants by adding some stabilized/solidified materials. Furthermore, the progress of sustainable resource utilization methods, such as ecosystem restoration, construction materials (e.g., materials fill materials, partition blocks, and paving blocks), and agriculture use are reviewed in detail. Finally, the pros and cons of each technique are summarized. This information will provide the scientific basis for selecting the appropriate remediation technology in a particular scenario.
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Karuppaiyan J, Mullaimalar A, Jeyalakshmi R. Adsorption of dyestuff by nano copper oxide coated alkali metakaoline geopolymer in monolith and powder forms: Kinetics, isotherms and microstructural analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115002. [PMID: 36509117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To remove contaminants and pollutants from wastewater systems, adsorbents are widely used. Geopolymers offer a convenient alternative as adsorbents in the wastewater treatment system as they are low-cost, environmentally friendly, and safer. A new adsorbent material prepared by coating nano copper oxide on the surface of alkali-activated metakaolin showed a higher ability to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from wastewater, thus making them attractive in dye removal applications. First, nano copper oxide was prepared by sol gel method and metakaolin geopolymer was produced using sodium silicate solution having a Ms value of 1.1 (M). Afterwards, nano copper oxide (MC) was coated on the surface of the geopolymer. The ability of MB dye to bind to both pristine (Mp, MCp) and powder forms (Mpr, MCpr) of the geopolymer was evaluated. X-ray diffraction revealed that the halo found at 27.40°-31.077° (2θvalue) in both samples related to amorphous gel's composition and the major peaks of copper oxide in MCpr were sited at a 2θ value of 35.45° and 38.88°.The dye removal efficiency can be inferred from the increased adsorption capacity of 11.9 mg/g (Mp) and 14.4 mg/g (MCp) for the monolith form and 81.43 mg/g (Mpr) and 87.82 mg/g (MCpr) for the powder form. The adsorption of reused active sites was 73% for Mpr and 83% for MCpr up to the fifth cycle after regeneration by heat treatment at 400 °C. The models that best suited the adsorption data were pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherms, which indicated possible chemisorption with intra-particle diffusion. Furthermore, the binding energy is shifted to lower value in XPS spectra due to dye adsorption arising from electrostatic attraction. A higher electron density is formed due to interaction with an equal contribution of silanol Si-O-H and Si-O-Na/Cu(O1s). The adsorbents are effective over a wide pH range and their improved recycling capability increases their applications for a wide range of uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Karuppaiyan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
| | - A Mullaimalar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
| | - R Jeyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Sun Y, Zhang P, Li Z, Chen J, Ke Y, Hu J, Liu B, Yang J, Liang S, Su X, Hou H. Iron-calcium reinforced solidification of arsenic alkali residue in geopolymer composite: Wide pH stabilization and its mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137063. [PMID: 36395889 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic-alkali residue (AAR) from antimony production can pose significant health and environmental hazards due to the risk of arsenic (As) leaching. In this study, geopolymer composite synthesized from fly ash (FA) was investigated for efficient stabilization of high-arsenic-containing AAR (As2O3 of 22.74 wt%). Two industrial wastes, e.g., granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) with active calcium composition and water-quenched slag (WQS) from lead-zinc smelting with active iron composition, were investigated for the reinforcement of AAR geopolymer solidification. A wide pH stabilization (from pH = 3-pH = 12) of AAR with the geopolymer composite was successfully achieved, and As leaching concentration of geopolymer with the addition of 5 wt% AAR was significantly reduced from 2343.73 mg/L (AAR) to that below 0.18 mg/L, which successfully meet the regulatory limit of Chinese domestic waste landfill (GB, 18598-2019, 1.2 mg/L) and hazardous waste landfill (GB16889-2008, 0.3 mg/L). Johnbaumite (Ca5(AsO4)3(OH)) was formed in geopolymer composite and leached samples with initial pH from 2.6 to 6 (final pH from 5.54 to 13.15). Magnetite and iron hydroxide phases with strong adsorption and/or As co-precipitation capability were also observed. As stabilization was also achieved with iron oxidation from As(III) to As(V). This study solves the problem of unstable As leaching at different pH for the solidification of arsenic-bearing solid waste, and provides a promising and practical strategy for efficient solidification/stabilization of AAR as well as other similar arsenic-bearing solid wastes with geopolymer composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Pan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Yan Ke
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Jingping Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Bingchuan Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Jiakuan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Sha Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China
| | - Xintai Su
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment, Disposal and Recycling, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, PR China.
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Zhuang F, Huang J, Li H, Peng X, Xia L, Zhou L, Zhang T, Liu Z, He Q, Luo F, Yin H, Meng D. Biogeochemical behavior and pollution control of arsenic in mining areas: A review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1043024. [PMID: 37032850 PMCID: PMC10080717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1043024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic metalloids that possess many forms. As is constantly migrating from abandoned mining area to the surrounding environment in both oxidation and reducing conditions, threatening human health and ecological safety. The biogeochemical reaction of As included oxidation, reduction, methylation, and demethylation, which is closely associated with microbial metabolisms. The study of the geochemical behavior of arsenic in mining areas and the microbial remediation of arsenic pollution have great potential and are hot spots for the prevention and remediation of arsenic pollution. In this study, we review the distribution and migration of arsenic in the mining area, focus on the geochemical cycle of arsenic under the action of microorganisms, and summarize the factors influencing the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic, and strategies for arsenic pollution in mining areas are also discussed. Finally, the problems of the risk control strategies and the future development direction are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Hunan Renhe Environment Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Ling Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Beijing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Feng Luo
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Huaqun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Delong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy Ministry of Education, School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Delong Meng
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Xu B, Yi Y. Immobilization of lead (Pb) using ladle furnace slag and carbon dioxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136387. [PMID: 36088964 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global sustainable development faces challenges in greenhouse gas emissions, consumption of energy and non-renewable resources, environmental pollution, and waste landfilling. Current technologies for immobilization of heavy metals face similar challenges; for example, the use of cement, magnesia, lime, and other binders for immobilization of heavy metals is associated with carbon dioxide emission and consumption of limestone/magnesite and energy. In these contexts, this study introduced a novel and sustainable method for immobilization of lead (Pb) by using an industrial solid waste (ladle furnace slag, LFS) and a greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide). In this laboratory investigation, LFS was first mixed with the lead nitrate and then treated by conventional curing (without carbon dioxide) and carbonation curing (with carbon dioxide) for different periods. The treated LFS were then analyzed by various chemical analyses and microanalysis. The results showed that LFS with conventional curing is not effective in immobilization of lead, while LFS with carbonation curing can effectively immobilize lead. The leaching concentrations of Pb from carbonated LFS were four orders of magnitude lower than those with conventional curing. LFS can achieve carbon dioxide uptake of up to 8% of LFS mass. During the carbonation process, carbonates were produced and wrapped LFS particles to prevent the release of lead, lead nitrate was also carbonated into lead carbonate, and the pH of LFS was reduced to 9.36-9.58, close to the minimum solubility of lead carbonate; these are the main reasons for lead immobilization. In summary, the use of LFS with carbon dioxide for immobilization of lead can not only sequester carbon dioxide, but also reduce the cost of binders, non-renewable resource consumption, energy use, and LFS landfilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yaolin Yi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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36
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Lal A, Fronczyk J. Does Current Knowledge Give a Variety of Possibilities for the Stabilization/Solidification of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals?-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8491. [PMID: 36499986 PMCID: PMC9736232 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization/solidification of contaminated soil is a process that allows simultaneous strengthening of the soil structure, disposal of contamination and recycling of industrial waste, implemented as substitutes for Portland cement or additives to improve the properties of the final product obtained. Extremely intensive development of studies pertaining to the S/S process prompted the authors to systematize the binders used and the corresponding methods of binding the contamination, and to perform an analysis of the effectiveness expressed in geomechanical properties and leachability. The study pays close attention to the types of additives and binders of waste origin, as well as the ecological and economic benefits of their use. The methods of preparing and caring for the specimens were reviewed, in addition to the methods of testing the effectiveness of the S/S process, including the influence of aging factors on long-term properties. The results of the analyses carried out are presented in the form of diagrams and charts, facilitating individual evaluation of the various solutions for the stabilization/solidification of soils contaminated with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lal
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, 40 Nadbystrzycka Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Fronczyk
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 166 Nowoursynowska Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
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37
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Odumade AO, Okafor FO, Ikeagwuani CC. Microstructural and compaction characteristics of tropical black clay soil subgrade modified with lead-zinc mine tailings. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:115980. [PMID: 36001912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead-Zinc Mine tailings (LZMT) are wastes generated after the extraction of lead and zinc from mined mineral ore, whose disposal mechanism is gradually becoming environmentally unfriendly. For effective recycling of LZMT, this present study utilized a combination of LZMT and Portland limestone cement (PLC) to improve the compaction and microstructural characteristics of tropical black clay soil (TBCS) for use in pavement design and construction. The LZMT and PLC were added to the expansive soil in varying proportions with mix ratios generated from Taguchi orthogonal array. The result obtained for the compaction characteristics showed that the maximum dry density (MDD) increased significantly when a combination of 20% LMZT and 4% PLC were blended with the expansive soil. The increase in the MDD was attributed to the formation of cementitious compounds. In addition, the optimum mix ratio obtained from the unconfined compressive strength of the TBCS, was used for the evaluation of the pore structure characteristics which included porosity, tortuosity and permeability. The result obtained from the analysis that was implemented with a combination of fractal geometry and Bradley and Roth adaptive thresholding image segmentation technique, indicates the possibility of a slight reduction in the strength properties of the modified soil due to its high level of porosity. Also, the permeability and tortuosity values obtained from the present study suggest a slight increase in the permeability of the modified soil-additive mixtures which may not be unconnected to the occurrence of pozzolanic reaction that resulted in the agglomeration and flocculation of the LZMT-PLC modified TBCS. Furthermore, microstructural analysis was executed on the modified TBCS and LZMT using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result from the FTIR analysis indicates the pozzolanic character of LZMT in the presence of Si-O and Al-O tension bond with the bonds around 1000 cm-1 wavenumber, while the SEM analysis reveals the formation of a cementitious compound in the modified expansive soil-LZMT-PLC mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fidelis O Okafor
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Helser J, Perumal P, Cappuyns V. Valorizing (cleaned) sulfidic mine waste as a resource for construction materials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115742. [PMID: 35849929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Proper management and storage of mine waste, e.g., tailings and waste rock, is one of the main issues that mining industries face. Additionally, there is already an uncountable amount of existent historical mine waste, which may, even centuries after the closure of the mine, still be leaching contaminants into the environment. One solution to minimize the risks associated with the mine waste, with also potential economic benefits, is through the valorization of the waste. This can be done by first recovering valuable metals and removing hazardous contaminants. Then, the remaining residue can be valorized into green construction materials, such as geopolymers, ceramics or cement. For some mine waste materials, such as those with only trace levels of metals that are not economically viable to extract, the "waste" can be reused directly without this additional cleaning step. In the present study, mine waste originating from three different sites was characterized and compared with the cleaned mine waste (i.e., cleaned by bioleaching or flotation methods) and with different types of green construction materials containing 13-80 wt% (cleaned and uncleaned) mine waste. Particular emphasis was given to the mobilization of metal(loid)s from the mine waste and construction materials (i.e., ceramics, alkali-activated materials and cement) under different conditions, through a series of leaching tests (i.e., EN 12457-2, US EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, and a pH-dependent leaching test). The leaching tests were applied to either mimic current 'natural' conditions at the mining site, conditions in a landfill (end of life) or extreme conditions (i.e., extremely acidic or alkaline pH). Most of the original mine waste samples contain high levels of Pb (18-3160 mg/kg), Zn (66-10500 mg/kg), and As (10-4620 mg/kg). . The cleaning methods were not always efficient in removing the metal(loid)s and sulfur. In some cases, the cleaned mine waste samples even contained higher total metal(loid) and sulfur concentrations than the original mine waste samples. Based on the leaching studies, some alkali-activated materials, ceramics, and cement effectively immobilized certain metals (e.g., <0.5 mg/kg of Pb and <4 mg/kg of Zn). Also, longer curing times of the alkali-activated materials, in most cases, improved the immobilization of metal(loid)s. Additionally, for ceramics, the temperature at which the test pieces were fired (up to 1060 °C), also played a major role in decreasing the mobility of some metal(loid)s, while increasing others (e.g., As, potentially via the structural rearrangement of As and Fe). Overall, through this detailed characterization, the environmental impact from the mine waste to the downstream products was evaluated, determining which valorization methods are the most viable to close the circular economy loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Helser
- KU Leuven, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), 1000, Brussels, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Priyadharshini Perumal
- University of Oulu, Faculty of Technology, Fibre and Particle Engineering Research Unit, PO Box, 4300, Finland
| | - Valérie Cappuyns
- KU Leuven, Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability (CEDON), 1000, Brussels, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Application of Geopolymer in Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Pollutants: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144570. [PMID: 35889449 PMCID: PMC9317415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopolymers, as a kind of inorganic polymer, possess excellent properties and have been broadly studied for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of hazardous pollutants. Even though many reviews about geopolymers have been published, the summary of geopolymer-based S/S for various contaminants has not been well conducted. Therefore, the S/S of hazardous pollutants using geopolymers are comprehensively summarized in this review. Geopolymer-based S/S of typical cations, including Pb, Zn, Cd, Cs, Cu, Sr, Ni, etc., were involved and elucidated. The S/S mechanisms for cationic heavy metals were concluded, mainly including physical encapsulation, sorption, precipitation, and bonding with a silicate structure. In addition, compared to cationic ions, geopolymers have a poor immobilization ability on anions due to the repulsive effect between them, presenting a high leaching percentage. However, some anions, such as Se or As oxyanions, have been proved to exist in geopolymers through electrostatic interaction, which provides a direction to enhance the geopolymer-based S/S for anions. Besides, few reports about geopolymer-based S/S of organic pollutants have been published. Furthermore, the adsorbents of geopolymer-based composites designed and studied for the removal of hazardous pollutants from aqueous conditions are also briefly discussed. On the whole, this review will offer insights into geopolymer-based S/S technology. Furthermore, the challenges to geopolymer-based S/S technology outlined in this work are expected to be of direct relevance to the focus of future research.
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Yurk VM, Kokovina ES, Shalygina ZV. Mechanism of Sorption of Divalent Copper Ions on the Surface of Concrete Particles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024422060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang X, Xiao Y, Xue Y, Liu J, Chen Z, Zhang R. Global Bibliometric Developments on Solid Waste Recycling in Concrete Construction Engineering. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124142. [PMID: 35744198 PMCID: PMC9227355 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The precise and visual analysis of solid waste recycling in concrete construction engineering is critical for the development of ecological civilization and for the secure supply of resources. This research makes a bibliometric analysis of the solid waste application in concrete construction engineering from 2000 to 2021 based on the Web of Science. The global bibliometric status, current research focus and future directions were used to indicate the global development of solid waste recycling in concrete construction engineering. The most reused solid wastes and most solid waste productive regions were concluded with this bibliometric analysis. China is far ahead of other countries in solid waste recycling in all aspects and heavy metal is one of the most prominent solid waste themes in China. By analyzing the most studied solid waste, fly ash appears to be the most popular and is widely used; half of the top ten-cited papers are correlated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.Z.); (Y.X.); (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Zongwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Road Structure and Material of Ministry of Transport, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ronghui Zhang
- Library of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-8609-3318
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Khelifi W, Bencedira S, Azab M, Riaz MS, Abdallah M, Abdel Baki Z, Krauklis AE, Aouissi HA. Conservation Environments' Effect on the Compressive Strength Behaviour of Wood-Concrete Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103572. [PMID: 35629599 PMCID: PMC9146376 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper addresses the issues in making wood-concrete composites more resilient to environmental conditions and to improve their compressive strength. Tests were carried out on cubic specimens of 10 × 10 × 10 cm3 composed of ordinary concrete with a 2% redwood- and hardwood-chip dosage. Superficial treatments of cement and lime were applied to the wood chips. All specimens were kept for 28 days in the open air and for 12 months in: the open air, drinking water, seawater, and an oven. Consequently, the compressive strength of ordinary concrete is approximately 37.1 MPa. After 365 days of exposure to the open air, drinking water, seawater, and the oven, a resistance loss of 35.84, 36.06, 42.85, and 52.30% were observed, respectively. In all environments investigated, the untreated wood composite concrete's resistance decreased significantly, while the cement/lime treatment of the wood enhanced them. However, only 15.5 MPa and 14.6 MPa were attained after the first 28 days in the cases of the redwood and the hardwood treated with lime. These findings indicate that the resistance of wood-concrete composites depends on the type of wood used. Treating wood chips with cement is a potential method for making these materials resistant in conservation situations determined by the cement's chemical composition. The current study has implications for researchers and practitioners for further understanding the impact of these eco-friendly concretes in the construction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Khelifi
- Laboratory of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology, UBMA, Annaba 23000, Algeria;
| | - Selma Bencedira
- Laboratory of LGE, Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, UBMA, B. P12, Annaba 23000, Algeria
- Correspondence:
| | - Marc Azab
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Malik Sarmad Riaz
- Civil Engineering Department—National University of Technology (NUTECH), Islamabad, Pakistan;
| | - Mirvat Abdallah
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Zaher Abdel Baki
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.A.B.)
| | - Andrey E. Krauklis
- Institute for Mechanics of Materials, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Hani Amir Aouissi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center on Arid Regions (CRSTRA), Biskra 07000, Algeria;
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Liu YZ, Fan RD, Liu SY, He H. Oxalic acid activated bone meal for immobilization of Pb and Cd contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:36281-36294. [PMID: 35064507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bone meal (BM) is a cost-effective and low-carbon material to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. Moreover, its immobilization efficiency for heavy metals still requires improvement. This study aimed to assess the activation effect of oxalic acid on the BM to develop an oxalic acid-activated bone meal (ABM) for improving immobilization efficiency. Several series of tests, including the available phosphorus content test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, are used to investigate the effect of activation on the immobilization ability and chemical speciation of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in soils and the different mechanisms of Pb/Cd immobilization using the ABM and BM. The results indicate that the ABM possesses a higher solubility than the BM. The activation of BM achieves optimal effect when using 1 mol/L oxalic acid solution with a liquid-solid ratio of 2:1. The TCLP and BCR test results show that the ABM significantly outperforms the BM in terms of Pb immobilization. The leaching concentration of Pb from ABM immobilized soils can meet regulatory limits in China and the USA, and it is also 30 to 75% lower than that from BM immobilized soils. Regarding Cd immobilization, ABM outperforms BM after 90 days of curing. The XRD analysis shows that heavy metal phosphates are the primary products of Pb and Cd immobilized by ABM, whereas heavy metal carbonates are the main products after the immobilization by BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Ri-Dong Fan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China.
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Huan He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban Underground Engineering and Environmental Safety, Southeast University, Nanjing, 21189, China
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
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Bao Z, Feng H, Tu W, Li L, Li Q. Method and mechanism of chromium removal from soil: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:35501-35517. [PMID: 35226261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has increasingly affected human life, and the treatment of heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution, is still a major problem in the field of environmental governance. As a commonly used industrial metal, chromium can easily enter the environment with improperly treated industrial waste or wastewater, then pollute soil and water sources, and eventually accumulate in the human body through the food chain. Many countries and regions in the world are threatened by soil chromium pollution, resulting in the occurrence of cancer and a variety of metabolic diseases. However, as a serious threat to agriculture, food, and human health. Notwithstanding, there are limited latest and systematic review on the removal methods, mechanisms, and effects of soil chromium pollution in recent years. Hence, this article outlines some of the methods and mechanisms for the removal of chromium in soil, including physical, chemical, biological, and biochar methods, which provide a reference for the treatment and research on soil chromium pollution drawn from existing publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenying Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhang C, Jiang F, Wang Z, Wu H, Tan B, Hao Y, Mo Y, Hu T, Wang H. Experimental study on physical and mechanical properties and U(VI) leaching characteristics of fiber-reinforced uranium tailing geopolymer-solidified bodies. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08315-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wijeyawardana P, Nanayakkara N, Gunasekara C, Karunarathna A, Law D, Pramanik BK. Improvement of heavy metal removal from urban runoff using modified pervious concrete. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 815:152936. [PMID: 34995593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals are one of the major chemical pollutant groups in urban runoff. The application of porous concrete is a potential alternative to conventional runoff management systems with the ability to remove heavy metals. Hence, a thorough understanding of the heavy metal removal mechanisms and constraints of conventional porous concrete opens a path for the development of effective modifications. This review critically discusses the major contributors in ordinary porous concrete which supports heavy metal removal. The effects of initial concentration, contact time and competing ions on heavy metal removal using porous concrete are also discussed. Additionally, the effect of decalcification, atmospheric carbonation, acid influent on heavy metal removal is reviewed. The major drawback of porous concrete is the high pH (>8.5) of the effluent water, decalcification of the porous concrete and leaching of adsorbed pollutants. Overall, the addition of adsorbent materials to the porous concrete increases removal efficiencies (7% - 65% increase) without neutralizing the effluent pH. Meanwhile, the addition of Reduced Graphene Oxide is successful in reducing the leachability of the removed heavy metals. The addition of pozzolanic materials can lower the effluent pH while maintaining similar removal efficiencies to unmodified porous concrete. Therefore, developing a novel method of neutralizing the effluent pH must be prioritized in future studies. Additionally, the toxicity that can occur due to the abrasion of modified porous concrete requires study in future research. Further, advanced characterization methods should be used in future studies to understand the mechanisms of removal via the modified porous concrete materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamodithya Wijeyawardana
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - David Law
- School of Engineering, RMIT University Melbourne, Australia
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Kitamura H, Ueshima M, Back S, Sutthasil N, Sakanakura H, Ishigaki T, Yamada M. Impact of diatomite addition on lead immobilization in air pollution control residues from a municipal solid waste incinerator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:21232-21243. [PMID: 34751883 PMCID: PMC8930887 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution control (APC) residues, which are known to be the byproducts of incineration treatment, exhibit a high leaching potential of toxic metals. Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which is a major hydration product of hardened cement and immobilizes toxic metal, can be formed by the reaction of Ca with pozzolanic Si in a highly alkaline environment. Toxic metals might be immobilized by the addition of pozzolanic material to APC residues (instead of using cement), which is a Ca source and provides an alkaline condition. In this study, diatomite, which mainly comprises amorphous silica (SiO2·nH2O), was investigated as a pozzolanic material for Pb immobilization in APC residues obtained from a municipal solid waste incinerator. APC residues were cured with and without the addition of diatomite at different temperatures. When diatomite was added to APC residues, pozzolanic phases such as C-S-H gel were formed via the consumption of Ca(OH)2 and CaClOH. Compared to APC residues cured without diatomite, the leaching of Pb decreased by 99% for APC residues cured for 14 days with 10% diatomite at 70 °C. The results of sequential chemical extraction showed that water-soluble Pb in APC residues was reduced from 10.3% to nearly zero by the pozzolanic reaction. Consequently, the leaching amount of Pb dropped below 0.3 mg/L (Japanese criteria for landfill disposal). Overall, these experiments provide promising results regarding the possibility of using diatomite for pretreating APC residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitamura
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Masato Ueshima
- R&D Center, Yoshino Gypsum Co., LTD, 2-1-1 Kohoku, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-0872, Japan
| | - Seungki Back
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Noppharit Sutthasil
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakanakura
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomonori Ishigaki
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Yamada
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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The Effect of Alcohol Compound on the Solidification of Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement-Boron Mud Blends. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041446. [PMID: 35207991 PMCID: PMC8875307 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
At present, the utilization of boron resources in China is increasing, and the problem of boron tailing pollution is becoming increasingly serious. To fundamentally solve the problem of boron tailing, many scholars at home and abroad have mainly studied the curing effect in terms of compressive strength, and little research has been carried out into the solidification effect and hydration products. This study explored the effects of adding different alcohol-based modifiers on the hydration products of magnesium oxysulfate cement-boron mud mixture, the microstructure, physical properties and curing effects of the samples. The results show that magnesium oxysulfate cement is beneficial to the solidification of boron in boron mud due to its low-alkali. Adding an alcohol-based modifier can increase the compressive strength of magnesium oxysulfate cement-boron mud blends. After adding acrylic acid and D-Mannitol, the 28-day compressive strength of the sample increased by 44.7 MPa. The blending of alcohol-based modifiers has a very good effect on the curing of boron in the whole system.
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Zhang H, Zhao Y, Hou D, Hao H. Cementitious binders modified with halloysite nanotubes for enhanced lead immobilization. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Immobilization of Hazardous Wastes on One-Part Blast Furnace Slag-Based Geopolymers. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of hazardous wastes in ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based materials has been widely studied and implemented. OPC-based materials have a high carbon footprint associated with their production and geopolymer materials are a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. Therefore, this work aimed to immobilize two hazardous industrial wastes: copper wastewater sludge and phosphogypsum in one-part geopolymer materials. For that purpose, the precursor was partially substituted by these wastes (5, 10 and 20 wt.%) in the formulations. The geopolymer fresh and hardened state properties were evaluated, and the immobilisation of pollutants was determined through leaching tests. In phosphogypsum pastes (PG5, PG10 and PG20) it was observed that the compressive strength decreased with the increase in its amount, varying between 67 MPa and 19 MPa. In copper sludge pastes, the compressive strength of the specimens (CWS5 and CWS10) reached ~50 MPa. The mortars, MPG10 and MCWSs10, had compressive strengths of 13 MPa and 21 MPa, respectively. Leaching tests showed that pastes and mortars immobilise the hazardous species of the wastes, except for As from copper sludge, whose the best result was found in the compact paste (CWSs10) that leached 2 mg/kg of As. Results suggest that optimized compositions are suitable for the construction sector.
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