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Habchi S, Pecha J, Šánek L, Karouach F, El Bari H. Sustainable valorization of slaughterhouse waste through anaerobic digestion: A circular economy perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121920. [PMID: 39029174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse waste (SHW) poses significant environmental challenges due to its complex composition. In response, a novel review exploration of anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means of valorising SHW within the context of the circular economy (CE) is presented. The physicochemical properties of individual SHW, representing key parameters for the correct management of the AD process, are scrutinized. These parameters are further connected with identifying suitable pretreatment methods to enhance biogas production. Subsequently, the review examines the diverse technologies employed in the AD of SHW, considering the complexities of mono- or co-digestion. Various AD systems are evaluated for their effectiveness in harnessing the substantial biogas production potential from SHW, encompassing key parameters, reactor configurations, and operational conditions that influence the AD process. Moreover, the review interestingly extends its scope to the recovery and management of digestate, the by-product of AD. Along with the digestate composition, strategies for various utilization of this by-product are discussed. This investigation thus underscores, within the principles of the CE, the dual sustainable benefits of SHW processing via AD in biogas production and utilization of the resultant nutrient-rich digestate in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Habchi
- Laboratory of Electronic Systems, Information Processing, Mechanics and Energetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco.
| | - Jiří Pecha
- Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Šánek
- Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Applied Informatics, Nad Stranemi 4511, 760 05, Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Fadoua Karouach
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research (ASARI), University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Laâyoune, Morocco
| | - Hassan El Bari
- Laboratory of Electronic Systems, Information Processing, Mechanics and Energetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
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Ahmed B, Gahlot P, Balasundaram G, Tyagi VK, Banu J R, Vivekanand V, Kazmi AA. Semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion of thermal and thermal-alkali processed organic fraction of municipal solid waste: Methane yield, energy analysis, anaerobic microbiome. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118907. [PMID: 37666133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of thermal and thermal-alkali pretreated organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewage sludge (SS) was studied under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) and organic loading rates (OLR Three semi-continuous digesters were operated under control (non-pre-treated), thermally pretreated (125 °C), and thermal-alkali pretreated (125°C-3g/L NaOH) conditions at variable OLRs at 2.5, 4.0, 5.1, and 7.6 kgVS/m3.d and corresponding HRTs of 30, 20, 15, and 10 days. The 10 and 43% higher methane yield (0.445 m3/kgVS) and 11 and 57% higher VS removal (52%) was achieved for thermal-alkali pretreated digester at 5.1 kgVS/m3.d OLR over thermally pretreated (0.408 m3/kgVS, 45% VS removal) and control digesters (0.310 m3/kgVS, 33% VS removal), respectively. Thermal and thermal-alkali digesters failed on increasing the OLR to 7.6 kgVS/m3.d, whereas the control digester becomes upset at 5.1 kgVS/m3.d OLR. The metagenomic study revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Euryarchaeota, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant bacterial population, whereas Methanosarcina and Methanothrix dominated the archaeal community. Energy balance analysis revealed that thermal alkali pretreatment showed the highest positive energy balance of 114.6 MJ/ton with an energy ratio of 1.25 compared with thermally pretreated (81.5 MJ/ton) and control samples (-46.9 MJ/ton). This work pave the way for scaleup of both thermal and thermal-alkali pre-treatment at 125 °C to realize the techno-economic and energy potential of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsha Ahmed
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Pallavi Gahlot
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Gowtham Balasundaram
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Hydrology Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Rajesh Banu J
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610005, India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India
| | - A A Kazmi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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Prem EM, Schwarzenberger A, Markt R, Wagner AO. Effects of phenyl acids on different degradation phases during thermophilic anaerobic digestion. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1087043. [PMID: 37089573 PMCID: PMC10113666 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1087043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatic compounds like phenyl acids (PA) can accumulate during anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes due to an increased entry of lignocellulose, secondary plant metabolites or proteins, and thermodynamic challenges in degrading the benzene ring. The effects of aromatic compounds can be various – from being highly toxic to be stimulating for methanogenesis – depending on many parameters like inoculum or molecular characteristics of the aromatic compound. To contribute to a better understanding of the consequences of PA exposure during AD, the aim was to evaluate the effects of 10 mM PA on microbial communities degrading different, degradation phase–specific substrates in thermophilic batch reactors within 28 days: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, promoting hydrolytic to methanogenic microorganisms), butyrate or propionate (promoting syntrophic volatile fatty acid (VFA) oxidisers to methanogens), or acetate (promoting syntrophic acetate oxidisers to methanogens). Methane production, VFA concentrations and pH were evaluated, and microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were assessed. The toxicity of PA depended on the type of substrate which in turn determined the (i) microbial diversity and composition and (ii) EPS quantity and quality. Compared with the respective controls, methane production in MCC reactors was less impaired by PA than in butyrate, propionate and acetate reactors which showed reductions in methane production of up to 93%. In contrast to the controls, acetate concentrations were high in all PA reactors at the end of incubation thus acetate was a bottle-neck intermediate in those reactors. Considerable differences in EPS quantity and quality could be found among substrates but not among PA variants of each substrate. Methanosarcina spp. was the dominant methanogen in VFA reactors without PA exposure and was inhibited when PA were present. VFA oxidisers and Methanothermobacter spp. were abundant in VFA assays with PA exposure as well as in all MCC reactors. As MCC assays showed higher methane yields, a higher microbial diversity and a higher EPS quantity and quality than VFA reactors when exposed to PA, we conclude that EPS in MCC reactors might have been beneficial for absorbing/neutralising phenyl acids and keeping (more susceptible) microorganisms shielded in granules or biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Maria Prem
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Markt
- Department of Microbiology, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Liu Y, Zong Y, Xie T, Song H, Zhang J. Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Food Waste: A Possible Alternative to Overcome the Energy Deficit of Sludge Thermal Pretreatment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38496-38504. [PMID: 36340169 PMCID: PMC9631406 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thermal pretreatment (TP) was an effective method to improve the anaerobic digestion of waste-activated sludge. In order to balance the energy consumption of sludge TP integrated with anaerobic digestion, food waste was introduced as a co-substrate to achieve an energy self-sustainable sludge treatment system. An anaerobic biodegradability test was performed using thermal pretreated sludge and food waste in order to clarify the kinetics and mechanism of co-digestion, especially the synergetic effect on specific methane yield. The prominent synergetic effect was an initial acceleration of cumulative methane production by 20.7-23.8% observed during the first 15 days. The modified Gompertz model presented a better agreement of the experimental results, and it was a suitable tool for methane production prediction of mono- and co-digestion. The energy assessment showed that co-digestion with food waste was a sustainable solution. When the moisture content of the TP sludge was 80-90%, the energy compensation required was about 0.04-0.22 t VSFoodwaste/t VSSludge, which could maintain the integration of neutral or even positive energy between TP and anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Institute
for Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 53004Nanning, PR China
- Guangxi Bossco Environment
Company
Limited, 530007Nanning, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zong
- Institute
for Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 53004Nanning, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Institute
for Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 53004Nanning, PR China
| | - Hainong Song
- Institute
for Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 53004Nanning, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute
for Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, 53004Nanning, PR China
- Guangxi Bossco Environment
Company
Limited, 530007Nanning, PR China
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Mozhiarasi V. Overview of pretreatment technologies on vegetable, fruit and flower market wastes disintegration and bioenergy potential: Indian scenario. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132604. [PMID: 34678338 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disposal of segregated organic fractions of centralized wholesale market wastes (i.e. vegetable, fruit and flower markets waste) in dumpsites/landfills are not only a serious issue but also underutilizes the huge potency of these organic wastes. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology for converting organic wastes into methane, as a carbon-neutral alternative to conventional fuels. The major challenges related to the AD process are poor biodegradation of wastes and buffering capacity within the anaerobic digester that lowers the biogas yield. To accelerate biodegradation and to enhance the process efficacy of anaerobic digestion, several pretreatment technologies (mechanical, thermal, biological, chemical and combined pre-treatments) for organic wastes prior to the AD process were developed. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of research updates in pretreatment techniques for vegetable, fruit and flower markets wastes for enhancing biogas yields during the AD process. The technological aspects of the pretreatment process are described and their efficiency comparison with the resultant process yields and environmental benefits are also discussed. The challenges and technical issues associated with each pretreatment and future research directions for overcoming the field implementation issues are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velusamy Mozhiarasi
- CLRI Regional Centre Jalandhar, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Jalandhar, 144021, Punjab, India.
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Feasibility of Coupling Anaerobic Digestion and Hydrothermal Carbonization: Analyzing Thermal Demand. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process with wide application for the treatment of high organic-containing streams. The production of biogas and the lack of oxygen requirements are the main energetic advantages of this process. However, the digested stream may not readily find a final disposal outlet under certain circumstances. The present manuscript analyzed the feasibility of valorizing digestate by the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. A hypothetical plant treating cattle manure and cheese whey as co-substrate (25% v/w, wet weight) was studied. The global performance was evaluated using available data reported in the literature. The best configuration was digestion as a first stage with the subsequent treatment of digestate in an HTC unit. The treatment of manure as sole substrate reported a value of 752 m3/d of biogas which could be increased to 1076 m3/d (43% increase) when coupling an HTC unit for digestate post-treatment and the introduction of the co-substrate. However, the high energy demand of the combined configurations indicated, as the best alternative, the valorization of just a fraction (15%) of digestate to provide the benefits of enhancing biogas production. This configuration presented a much better energy performance than the thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment of manure. The increase in biogas production does not compensate for the high energy demand of the pre-treatment unit. However, several technical factors still need further research to make this alternative a reality, as it is the handling and pumping of high solid slurries that significantly affects the energy demand of the thermal treatment units and the possible toxicity of hydrochar when used in a biological process.
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Rabii A, Koupaie EH, Aldin S, Dahman Y, Elbeshbishy E. Methods of pretreatment and their impacts on anaerobic codigestion of multifeedstocks: A review. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2834-2852. [PMID: 34459508 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic codigestion (AnCoD) has attracted attention owing to its advantages over conventional anaerobic digestion, and attempts are still going on to develop methods for improving the efficiency of this technology. Mostly, addition of cosubstrates without applying a proper pretreatment cannot adequately enhance the performance of the digestion. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive study on different pretreatment methods specific to the wide range of cosubstrates. This review aimed to (i) categorize pretreatment techniques that have been developed for improving AnCoD, (ii) present the results of the studies on the effect of pretreatment on improving AnCoD, and (iii) provide a comparison between pretreatment methods and their application for different types of cosubstrates. The findings primarily validated the influence of pretreatment to enhance the process by increasing biodegradability, improved hydrolysis, reduced hydraulic retention time (HRT), and improved methane production. The five main categories of pretreatment employed in codigestion included the following: mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological, and hybrid pretreatment. Among them, mechanical and biological pretreatment have the most and least application in codigestion, respectively. Greater efforts are required on the application of biological pretreatment and cost-benefit analysis of different pretreatment options on the variety of the cosubstrates. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Pretreatment can significantly enhance biomethane production in anaerobic digestion Anaerobic codigestion along with pretreatment can further enhance the conventional anaerobic digestion of single feedstock Mechanical and biological methods have been the most and least practiced pretreatment options Selection of applicable pretreatment option to enhance methane production is subject to the type of cosubstrates in the system There is a research gap in evaluating the application of biological pretreatment for various types of cosubstrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Rabii
- Environmental Research for Resource Recovery (ER3), Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehssan Hosseini Koupaie
- Environmental Research for Resource Recovery (ER3), Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saad Aldin
- Environmental Research for Resource Recovery (ER3), Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaser Dahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elsayed Elbeshbishy
- Environmental Research for Resource Recovery (ER3), Department of Civil Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Ahmed B, Tyagi VK, Aboudi K, Naseem A, Álvarez-Gallego CJ, Fernández-Güelfo LA, Kazmi AA, Romero-García LI. Thermally enhanced solubilization and anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131136. [PMID: 34470172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) is an ideal substrate for biogas production; however, complex chemical structure and being heterogeneous obstruct its biotransformation in anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Thermal pre-treatment of OFMSW has been suggested to enhance the solubilization and improve the anaerobic digestibility of OFMSW. This paper critically and comprehensively reviews the characterization of OFMSW (physical, chemical, bromatological) and enlightens the valuable properties of OFMSW for waste valorization. In following sections, the advantages and limitations of AD of OFMSW are discussed, followed by the application of temperature phased AD, and various thermal pre-treatments, i.e., conventional thermal, microwave, and thermo-chemical for high rate bioenergy transformation. Effects of pre-treatment on COD, proteins, sugars and VS solubilization, and biogas yield are discussed. Formation of recalcitrant during thermal pre-treatment and the effect on anaerobic digestibility are considered. Full scale application, and techno-economic and environmental feasibility of thermal pre-treatment methods are also revealed. This review concluded that thermophilic (55 °C) and temperature phased anaerobic digestion, temperature phased anaerobic digestion, TPAD (55 + 37 °C) processes shows effective and stable performance at low HRTs and high OLRs and achieved higher methane yield than mesophilic digestion. The thermal pre-treatment at a lower temperature (120 °C) improves the net energy yield. However, high-temperature pre-treatment (>150 °C) result in decreased biogas yield and even lower than the non-pre-treated OFMSW, although a high degree of COD solubilization. The OFMSW solubilization in terms of COD, proteins, and sugars cannot accurately reflect thermal/hybrid pre-treatments' potential. Thus, substrate pre-treatment followed by anaerobic digestibility of pretreated substrate together can evaluate the actual effectiveness of thermal pre-treatment of OFMSW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsha Ahmed
- Environmental BioTechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental BioTechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Kaoutar Aboudi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Vitivinicultural and Agri-food Research (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Azmat Naseem
- Environmental BioTechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Carlos José Álvarez-Gallego
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Vitivinicultural and Agri-food Research (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Luis Alberto Fernández-Güelfo
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - A A Kazmi
- Environmental BioTechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Luis Isidoro Romero-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, Institute of Vitivinicultural and Agri-food Research (IVAGRO), University of Cadiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
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Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sheep Manure and Waste from a Potato Processing Factory: Techno-Economic Analysis. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion of sheep manure and potato waste was studied under batch and semi-continuous conditions. Biochemical methane potential tests were carried out for the different substrates before evaluating co-digestion at high-solid content. The reactors presented stable performance under mesophilic conditions, at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.5–4.0 kg VS/m3 and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of approximately 20 days. Increasing the OLR of semi-continuous reactors decreased the methane yield and degradation efficiency of the digestion. Methane-specific production was in the range of 196 and 467 mL CH4/g vs. (sheep manure system and co-digestion, respectively). Based on the experimental data obtained, a techno-economic study was performed for wet and solid-state fermentation systems, with the first configuration presenting better results. The economic feasibility of the hypothetical plant was analyzed considering the variability in electricity and compost selling prices. The economic feasibility of the plant was determined with an electricity selling price of EUR 0.25/kWh, and assuming a centralized plant serving several farmers. Still, this price was considered excessive, given the current electricity market values.
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A Prospective Social Life Cycle Assessment (sLCA) of Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste in Nigeria. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research assesses the social impacts that could arise from the potential waste-to-energy (WtE) generation of electricity from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the cities of Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria. Social life cycle assessment (sLCA) was the main analytical approach used coupled with a participatory approach to identify relevant social issues to serve as the potential sLCA impact ‘subcategories’. Focus group research in both cities led to the identification of 11 social issues that were transformed into social impact subcategories with appropriate indicators for the sLCA. These were populated with data from a questionnaire-based survey with approximately 140 stakeholders. The results indicated that the impact subcategories “Improved Electricity Supply” and “Income” were ranked respectively as having the most and the least significant social impacts associated with the potential adoption of WtE in these two cities in Nigeria. Overall, the research showed that the expected social impact was higher for WtE electricity generation in Lagos than in Abuja. This difference may be related to the higher population and greater amounts of waste in Lagos and its position as a hub for many of the country’s commercial and industrial activities which have long been affected by inadequate electricity supply. This study also provides an example of the use of participatory processes as an important approach in sLCA for the elucidation of social issues that are directly pertinent to key local perspectives when considering such technology implementations.
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Velusamy M, Speier CJ, Michealammal BRP, Shrivastava R, Rajan B, Weichgrebe D, Venkatachalam SS. Bio-reserves inventory-improving substrate management for anaerobic waste treatment in a fast-growing Indian urban city, Chennai. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29749-29765. [PMID: 31865569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
India is one among the Asia's newly industrialized countries, in which urban centres generate large amount of municipal solid wastes due to the rapid urbanization. To demonstrate urban waste potentials for biogas production by anaerobic digestion, a comprehensive analysis on the availability of organic waste hotspots and its biogas potential for the exemplary case of Chennai, India, was undertaken. The identified hotspots and their biogas potential were plotted with Geographical Information System as thematic maps. The results of biogas potential tests revealed strong variations in the biogas potentials of individual waste streams from 240.2 to 514.2 mLN/g oDM (organic dry matter) with oDM reduction in the range of 36.4-61.5 wt.-%. Major waste generation hotspots were identified from the surveyed urban bio-reserves and the biogas potentials within an effective area of 5 km radius surrounding the hotspot were estimated. It was found that the biogas potential of individual hotspots ranged between 38.0-5938.7 m3/day. Further results revealed that the biogas potential during anaerobic co-digestion, by considering nearby bio-reserves in the effective areas of major hotspots, with and without residential organic waste, ranged between 4110.4-18-106.1 m3/day and 253.2-5969.5 m3/day, originating from 144.0-620.0 tons and 3.1-170.5 tons, respectively. Despite variations in the composition of the wastes, the Carbon/Nitrogen ratio, oDM reduction, biogas production and substrate availability were improved during co-digestion of nearby bio-reserves within the major hotspots, thereby improving the prevailing barriers in substrate management during anaerobic digestion of wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhiarasi Velusamy
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Christopher Josef Speier
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Runal Shrivastava
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Balakumar Rajan
- Environmental Science & Engineering Division, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600020, India
| | - Dirk Weichgrebe
- Institute of Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Hassan MA, Abol-Fotouh D, Omer AM, Tamer TM, Abbas E. Comprehensive insights into microbial keratinases and their implication in various biotechnological and industrial sectors: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:567-583. [PMID: 32194110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enormous masses of keratinous wastes are annually accumulated in the environment as byproducts of poultry processing and agricultural wastes. Keratin is a recalcitrant fibrous protein, which represents the major constituent of various keratin-rich wastes, which released into the environment in the form of feathers, hair, wool, bristle, and hooves. Chemical treatment methods of these wastes resulted in developing many hazardous gases and toxins to the public health, in addition to the destruction of several amino acids. Accordingly, microbial keratinases have been drawing much interest as an eco-friendly approach to convert keratinous wastes into valuable products. Numerous keratinolytic microorganisms have been identified, which revealed the competence to hydrolyze keratins into peptides and amino acids. Several types of keratinolytic proteases have been produced that possess diverse biochemical characteristics, conferring them the versatility for implementing in multifarious applications such as detergents, leather and textile industries, animal feeding, and production of bio-fertilizers, in addition to medical and pharmaceutical treatments. This review article emphasizes the significance of keratinases and keratinase based-products via comprehensive insights into the keratin structure, diversity of keratinolytic microorganisms, and mechanisms of keratin hydrolysis. Furthermore, we discuss the biochemical properties of the produced keratinases and their feasible applications in diverse disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Deyaa Abol-Fotouh
- Electronic Materials Researches Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer M Tamer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Abbas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ning Z, Zhang H, Li W, Zhang R, Liu G, Chen C. Anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste: Methane production performance, long-chain fatty acids profile and predominant microorganisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:426-433. [PMID: 30268045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated methane production, long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) profile, and predominant microorganisms in anaerobic digestion (AD) of lipid-rich swine slaughterhouse waste (SSW). The maximum methane yield was 999.2 mL/g VS. LCFAs, as inhibitory hydrolysis products, accumulated first to 1165 mg/L on day 3, and then decreased sharply to 125.7 mg/L on day 9, and finally were degraded to 20 mg/L on day 27. Linoleic acid (C18:2), oleic acid (C18:1) and palmitic acid (C16:0) were the dominant LCFAs. The easy conversion of C18:1 to C16:0 compared with difficult degradation of C16:0 resulted in an increase of C16:0 on day 4-6. Predominant microorganisms were Clostridium, Syntrophomonas and Methanospirillum. This study proved the high methane potential of lipid-rich SSW and gained insights into the degradation process by analysis of intermediates of LCFAs and predominant microorganisms. The results can provide valuable guidance for efficient utilization of this waste to produce methane in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Ning
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wanwu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Guangqing Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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14
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Nolan S, Waters NR, Brennan F, Auer A, Fenton O, Richards K, Bolton DJ, Pritchard L, O'Flaherty V, Abram F. Toward Assessing Farm-Based Anaerobic Digestate Public Health Risks: Comparative Investigation With Slurry, Effect of Pasteurization Treatments, and Use of Miniature Bioreactors as Proxies for Pathogen Spiking Trials. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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15
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Microbial production and industrial applications of keratinases: an overview. Int Microbiol 2018; 21:163-174. [DOI: 10.1007/s10123-018-0022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Eftaxias A, Diamantis V, Aivasidis A. Anaerobic digestion of thermal pre-treated emulsified slaughterhouse wastes (TESW): Effect of trace element limitation on process efficiency and sludge metabolic properties. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 76:357-363. [PMID: 29477649 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse solid wastes, characterized by a high lipid content, are considered a valuable resource for energy production by means of anaerobic digestion technologies. Aim of this study was to examine the effect of trace element limitation on the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of thermally pre-treated emulsified slaughterhouse wastes (TESW). Under two distinct experimental periods (Period I - low and Period II - high trace element dosage respectively) a CSTR with sludge recirculation was operated at increasing organic loading rate (OLR) from 1.5 to 10 g L-1 d-1. Under optimum conditions, COD removal was higher than 96%, biogas yield equal to 0.53 L g-1 COD feed and the biogas methane content 77%. Trace element limitation however, resulted in a dramatic decline in process efficiency, with VFA accumulation and events of extreme sludge flotation, despite that the soluble concentration of Ni, Co and Mo were between 12 and 28 μg L-1. This is indicative of mass transfer limitations caused by lipids adsorption onto the anaerobic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Eftaxias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, Xanthi GR67100, Greece
| | - Vasileios Diamantis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, Xanthi GR67100, Greece.
| | - Alexandros Aivasidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, Xanthi GR67100, Greece
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17
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A Critical Review on Processes and Energy Profile of the Australian Meat Processing Industry. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Rodríguez-Abalde Á, Flotats X, Fernández B. Optimization of the anaerobic co-digestion of pasteurized slaughterhouse waste, pig slurry and glycerine. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:521-528. [PMID: 28024897 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of co-digestion of blends of two different animal by-products (pig manure and pasteurized slaughterhouse waste) and recovered glycerine was studied in mesophilic conditions. Experiments were performed in a lab-scale CSTR along 490days, with a hydraulic retention time of 21-33days and with a step-wise increased organic loading rate, by adding and/or changing the wastes ratio, from 0.8 to 3.2kgCODm-3d-1. The best methane production rate (0.64Nm3CH4m-3d-1) represented an increment of 2.9-fold the initial one (0.22Nm3CH4m-3d-1 with pig manure solely). It was attained with a ternary mixture composed, in terms of inlet volatile solids, by 35% pig slurry, 47% pasteurized slaughterhouse waste and 18% glycerine. This blend was obtained through a stepwise C/N adjustment: this strategy led to a more balanced biodegradation due to unstressed bacterial populations through the performance, showed by the VFA-related indicators. Besides this, an improved methane yield (+153%) and an organic matter removal efficiency (+83%), regarding the digestion of solely pig slurry, were attained when the C/N ratio was adjusted to 10.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Rodríguez-Abalde
- IRTA, GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA-UPC, Torre Marimon, E-08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain; EnergyLab, Edificio CITEXVI - Local 1, Fonte das Abelleiras, s/n, Campus Universitario de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Xavier Flotats
- GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA-UPC, Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTECH, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Building D-4, E-08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández
- IRTA, GIRO Joint Research Unit IRTA-UPC, Torre Marimon, E-08140, Caldes de Montbui, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Auer A, Vande Burgt NH, Abram F, Barry G, Fenton O, Markey BK, Nolan S, Richards K, Bolton D, De Waal T, Gordon SV, O'Flaherty V, Whyte P, Zintl A. Agricultural anaerobic digestion power plants in Ireland and Germany: policy and practice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:719-723. [PMID: 27553887 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of anaerobic digestion (AD) is valued as a carbon-neutral energy source, while simultaneously treating organic waste, making it safer for disposal or use as a fertilizer on agricultural land. The AD process in many European nations, such as Germany, has grown from use of small, localized digesters to the operation of large-scale treatment facilities, which contribute significantly to national renewable energy quotas. However, these large AD plants are costly to run and demand intensive farming of energy crops for feedstock. Current policy in Germany has transitioned to support funding for smaller digesters, while also limiting the use of energy crops. AD within Ireland, as a new technology, is affected by ambiguous governmental policies concerning waste and energy. A clear governmental strategy supporting on-site AD processing of agricultural waste will significantly reduce Ireland's carbon footprint, improve the safety and bioavailability of agricultural waste, and provide an indigenous renewable energy source. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Auer
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nathan H Vande Burgt
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerald Barry
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Owen Fenton
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Bryan K Markey
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen Nolan
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karl Richards
- TEAGASC, Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, County Wexford, Ireland
| | - Declan Bolton
- TEAGASC, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Theo De Waal
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- National University of Ireland Galway School of Natural Sciences, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Annetta Zintl
- University College of Dublin School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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20
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Pagliano G, Ventorino V, Panico A, Pepe O. Integrated systems for biopolymers and bioenergy production from organic waste and by-products: a review of microbial processes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:113. [PMID: 28469708 PMCID: PMC5414342 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, issues concerning the sustainable and harmless disposal of organic solid waste have generated interest in microbial biotechnologies aimed at converting waste materials into bioenergy and biomaterials, thus contributing to a reduction in economic dependence on fossil fuels. To valorize biomass, waste materials derived from agriculture, food processing factories, and municipal organic waste can be used to produce biopolymers, such as biohydrogen and biogas, through different microbial processes. In fact, different bacterial strains can synthesize biopolymers to convert waste materials into valuable intracellular (e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates) and extracellular (e.g., exopolysaccharides) bioproducts, which are useful for biochemical production. In particular, large numbers of bacteria, including Alcaligenes eutrophus, Alcaligenes latus, Azotobacter vinelandii, Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter beijerincki, methylotrophs, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Rhizobium spp., Nocardia spp., and recombinant Escherichia coli, have been successfully used to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates on an industrial scale from different types of organic by-products. Therefore, the development of high-performance microbial strains and the use of by-products and waste as substrates could reasonably make the production costs of biodegradable polymers comparable to those required by petrochemical-derived plastics and promote their use. Many studies have reported use of the same organic substrates as alternative energy sources to produce biogas and biohydrogen through anaerobic digestion as well as dark and photofermentation processes under anaerobic conditions. Therefore, concurrently obtaining bioenergy and biopolymers at a reasonable cost through an integrated system is becoming feasible using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources. An overview of the suitable substrates and microbial strains used in low-cost polyhydroxyalkanoates for biohydrogen and biogas production is given. The possibility of creating a unique integrated system is discussed because it represents a new approach for simultaneously producing energy and biopolymers for the plastic industry using by-products and waste as organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Pagliano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Olimpia Pepe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy
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21
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Chiu SLH, Lo IMC. Reviewing the anaerobic digestion and co-digestion process of food waste from the perspectives on biogas production performance and environmental impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:24435-24450. [PMID: 27380183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, factors that affect biogas production in the anaerobic digestion (AD) and anaerobic co-digestion (coAD) processes of food waste are reviewed with the aim to improve biogas production performance. These factors include the composition of substrates in food waste coAD as well as pre-treatment methods and anaerobic reactor system designs in both food waste AD and coAD. Due to the characteristics of the substrates used, the biogas production performance varies as different effects are exhibited on nutrient balance, inhibitory substance dilution, and trace metal element supplement. Various types of pre-treatment methods such as mechanical, chemical, thermal, and biological methods are discussed to improve the rate-limiting hydrolytic step in the digestion processes. The operation parameters of a reactor system are also reviewed with consideration of the characteristics of the substrates. Since the environmental awareness and concerns for waste management systems have been increasing, this paper also addresses possible environmental impacts of AD and coAD in food waste treatment and recommends feasible methods to reduce the impacts. In addition, uncertainties in the life cycle assessment (LCA) studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam L H Chiu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene M C Lo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Dong B, Gao P, Zhang D, Chen Y, Dai L, Dai X. A new process to improve short-chain fatty acids and bio-methane generation from waste activated sludge. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:159-168. [PMID: 27155421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As an important intermediate product, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can be generated after hydrolysis and acidification from waste activated sludge, and then can be transformed to methane during anaerobic digestion process. In order to obtain more SCFA and methane, most studies in literatures were centered on enhancing the hydrolysis of sludge anaerobic digestion which was proved as un-efficient. Though the alkaline pretreatment in our previous study increased both the hydrolysis and acidification processes, it had a vast chemical cost which was considered uneconomical. In this paper, a low energy consumption pretreatment method, i.e. enhanced the whole three stages of the anaerobic fermentation processes at the same time, was reported, by which hydrolysis and acidification were both enhanced, and the SCFA and methane generation can be significantly improved with a small quantity of chemical input. Firstly, the effect of different pretreated temperatures and pretreatment time on sludge hydrolyzation was compared. It was found that sludge pretreated at 100°C for 60min can achieve the maximal hydrolyzation. Further, effects of different initial pHs on acidification of the thermal pretreated sludge were investigated and the highest SCFA was observed at initial pH9.0 with fermentation time of 6d, the production of which was 348.63mg COD/gVSS (6.8 times higher than the blank test) and the acetic acid was dominant acid. Then, the mechanisms for this new pretreatment significantly improving SCFA production were discussed. Finally, the effect of this low energy consumption pretreatment on methane generation was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lingling Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaohu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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23
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Ware A, Power N. What is the effect of mandatory pasteurisation on the biogas transformation of solid slaughterhouse wastes? WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 48:503-512. [PMID: 26494021 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mandatory pasteurisation on Category 3 offals, according to the Animal By-Products Regulation (ABPR 1069/2009/EC), was determined using Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assays as well as kinetic and statistical analysis. Pasteurised and unpasteurised offals sampled from cattle, pig and chicken slaughterhouses were characterised and their specific methane yields (SMYs) and their bioavailability was assessed. The resultant SMYs were high (465-650mLCH4gVS(-1)) with no statistically significant increase in methane production identified due to pasteurisation. However, the kinetics of the biogas transformation processes highlighted increased bioavailability of the organics due to pasteurisation. This was brought to light by the change in maximum daily SMY from day 22 to day 1 for the cattle offal (p=0.001), day 17 to day 1 for chicken offal (p=0.025) and an increase of 18.8% in the maximum daily SMY of the pig offal on day 1 (p=0.003). The increased bioavailability of the offals manifested itself in two ways with the determining factor being identified as the physical characteristics of the fats i.e. particle size. Firstly reducing the hydrolytic lag phase for the cattle offal, λ=7.46-1.52days (p=0.013). Secondly, causing increased accumulation of Long Chain Fatty Acids to acute inhibitory levels in the chicken and pig offal indicated by increased lag phases λ=5.05-21.91days (p=0.012), λ=15.54-23.04days (p=0.007) respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Ware
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niamh Power
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
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24
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Wangliang L, Zhikai Z, Guangwen X. Enhancement of Biogas Yield of Poplar Leaf by High-Solid Codigestion with Swine Manure. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 179:270-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-1992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Carrere H, Antonopoulou G, Affes R, Passos F, Battimelli A, Lyberatos G, Ferrer I. Review of feedstock pretreatment strategies for improved anaerobic digestion: From lab-scale research to full-scale application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:386-397. [PMID: 26384658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
When properly designed, pretreatments may enhance the methane potential and/or anaerobic digestion rate, improving digester performance. This paper aims at providing some guidelines on the most appropriate pretreatments for the main feedstocks of biogas plants. Waste activated sludge was firstly investigated and implemented at full-scale, its thermal pretreatment with steam explosion being most recommended as it increases the methane potential and digestion rate, ensures sludge sanitation and the heat needed is produced on-site. Regarding fatty residues, saponification is preferred for enhancing their solubilisation and bioavailability. In the case of animal by-products, this pretreatment can be optimised to ensure sterilisation, solubilisation and to reduce inhibition linked to long chain fatty acids. With regards to lignocellulosic biomass, the first goal should be delignification, followed by hemicellulose and cellulose hydrolysis, alkali or biological (fungi) pretreatments being most promising. As far as microalgae are concerned, thermal pretreatment seems the most promising technique so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Carrere
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11 100 Narbonne, France.
| | - Georgia Antonopoulou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, GR 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Rim Affes
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11 100 Narbonne, France
| | - Fabiana Passos
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Environmental and Chemical Technology Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Audrey Battimelli
- INRA, UR0050, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, 11 100 Narbonne, France
| | - Gerasimos Lyberatos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Stadiou, Platani, GR 26504 Patras, Greece; School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, GR 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Ivet Ferrer
- GEMMA - Environmental Engineering and Microbiology Research Group, Department of Hydraulic, Maritime and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya·BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1-3, Building D1, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Lee J, Koo T, Han G, Shin SG, Hwang S. Anaerobic digestion of cattle offal: protein and lipid-rich substrate degradation and population dynamics of acidogens and methanogens. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2015; 38:2349-60. [PMID: 26376817 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of cattle offal was investigated in batch reactors at 35 °C to determine the feasibility of using cattle offal as a feedstock. The organic content [i.e., volatile solids (VS)] of the cattle offal was mainly composed of protein (33.9%) and lipids (46.1%). Hydrolysis along with acidogenesis was monitored to investigate the substrate degradation and generation of intermediate products (e.g., volatile fatty acids, ammonia). Acetate (2.03 g/L), propionate (0.60 g/L), n-butyrate (0.39 g/L), and iso-valerate (0.37 g/L) were major acidogenesis products (91% of total volatile fatty acid concentration). Overall protein and lipid degradation were 82.9 and 81.8%, respectively. Protein degraded first, and four times faster (0.28 day(-1)) than lipid (0.07 day(-1)). Methane yields were 0.52 L CH4/g VSadded and 0.65 L CH4/g VSremoved, indicating that anaerobic digestion of the offal was feasible. A quantitative QPCR assay was conducted to understand the microbial dynamics. The variation patt erns in the gene concentrations successfully indicated the population dynamics of proteolytic and lipolytic acidogens. A fourth-order Runge-Kutta approximation was used to determine the kinetics of the acidogens. The molecular biotechnology approach was appropriate for the evaluation of the acidogenic biokinetics. The maximum growth rate, μ m, halfsaturation coefficients, K s, microbial yield coefficient, Y, cell mass decay rate coefficient, k d, of the proteolytic acidogens were 9.9 day(-1), 37.8 g protein/L, 1.1 × 10(10) copies/g protein, and 3.8 × 10(-1), respectively. Those for the lipolytic acidogens were 1.2 × 10(-1) day(-1), 8.3 g lipid/L, 1.5 × 10(9) copies/g lipid, and 9.9 × 10(-3) day(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyeob Lee
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoan Koo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuseong Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Kougias PG, Boe K, Einarsdottir ES, Angelidaki I. Counteracting foaming caused by lipids or proteins in biogas reactors using rapeseed oil or oleic acid as antifoaming agents. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 79:119-27. [PMID: 25978353 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Foaming is one of the major operational problems in biogas plants, and dealing with foaming incidents is still based on empirical practices. Various types of antifoams are used arbitrarily to combat foaming in biogas plants, but without any scientific support this action can lead to serious deterioration of the methanogenic process. Many commercial antifoams are derivatives of fatty acids or oils. However, it is well known that lipids can induce foaming in manure based biogas plants. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of rapeseed oil and oleic acid on foam reduction and process performance in biogas reactors fed with protein or lipid rich substrates. The results showed that both antifoams efficiently suppressed foaming. Moreover rapeseed oil resulted in stimulation of the biogas production. Finally, it was reckoned that the chemical structure of lipids, and more specifically their carboxylic ends, is responsible for their foam promoting or foam counteracting behaviour. Thus, it was concluded that the fatty acids and oils could suppress foaming, while salt of fatty acids could generate foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - K Boe
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - E S Einarsdottir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - I Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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28
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Cu TTT, Nguyen TX, Triolo JM, Pedersen L, Le VD, Le PD, Sommer SG. Biogas production from vietnamese animal manure, plant residues and organic waste: influence of biomass composition on methane yield. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:280-9. [PMID: 25557826 PMCID: PMC4283175 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an efficient and renewable energy technology that can produce biogas from a variety of biomasses such as animal manure, food waste and plant residues. In developing countries this technology is widely used for the production of biogas using local biomasses, but there is little information about the value of these biomasses for energy production. This study was therefore carried out with the objective of estimating the biogas production potential of typical Vietnamese biomasses such as animal manure, slaughterhouse waste and plant residues, and developing a model that relates methane (CH4) production to the chemical characteristics of the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) and biomass characteristics were measured. Results showed that piglet manure produced the highest CH4 yield of 443 normal litter (NL) CH4 kg(-1) volatile solids (VS) compared to 222 from cows, 177 from sows, 172 from rabbits, 169 from goats and 153 from buffaloes. Methane production from duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) was higher than from lawn grass and water spinach at 340, 220, and 110.6 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS, respectively. The BMP experiment also demonstrated that the CH4 production was inhibited with chicken manure, slaughterhouse waste, cassava residue and shoe-making waste. Statistical analysis showed that lipid and lignin are the most significant predictors of BMP. The model was developed from knowledge that the BMP was related to biomass content of lipid, lignin and protein from manure and plant residues as a percentage of VS with coefficient of determination (R-square) at 0.95. This model was applied to calculate the CH4 yield for a household with 17 fattening pigs in the highlands and lowlands of northern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T T Cu
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - T X Nguyen
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - J M Triolo
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - L Pedersen
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - V D Le
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - P D Le
- Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue City 47000, Vietnam
| | - S G Sommer
- University of Southern Denmark, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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29
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Astals S, Batstone DJ, Mata-Alvarez J, Jensen PD. Identification of synergistic impacts during anaerobic co-digestion of organic wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:421-427. [PMID: 25079207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion has been widely investigated, but there is limited analysis of interaction between substrates. The objective of this work was to assess the role of carbohydrates, protein and lipids in co-digestion behaviour separately, and together. Two sets of batch tests were done, each set consisting of the mono-digestion of three substrates, and the co-digestion of seven mixtures. The first was done with pure substrates--cellulose, casein and olive oil--while in the second slaughterhouse waste--paunch, blood and fat--were used as carbohydrate, protein and lipid sources, respectively. Synergistic effects were mainly improvement of process kinetics without a significant change in biodegradability. Kinetics improvement was linked to the mitigation of inhibitory compounds, particularly fats dilution. The exception was co-digestion of paunch with lipids, which resulted in an improved final yield with model based analysis indicating the presence of paunch improved degradability of the fatty feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès, No. 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - D J Batstone
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, C/ Martí i Franquès, No. 1, 6th Floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - P D Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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30
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Cano R, Nielfa A, Fdz-Polanco M. Thermal hydrolysis integration in the anaerobic digestion process of different solid wastes: energy and economic feasibility study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 168:14-22. [PMID: 24582388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An economic assessment of thermal hydrolysis as a pretreatment to anaerobic digestion has been achieved to evaluate its implementation in full-scale plants. Six different solid wastes have been studied, among them municipal solid waste (MSW). Thermal hydrolysis has been tested with batch lab-scale tests, from which an energy and economic assessment of three scenarios is performed: with and without energy integration (recovering heat to produce steam in a cogeneration plant), finally including the digestate management costs. Thermal hydrolysis has lead to an increase of the methane productions (up to 50%) and kinetics parameters (even double). The study has determined that a proper energy integration design could lead to important economic savings (5 €/t) and thermal hydrolysis can enhance up to 40% the incomes of the digestion plant, even doubling them when digestate management costs are considered. In a full-scale MSW treatment plant (30,000 t/year), thermal hydrolysis would provide almost 0.5 M€/year net benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cano
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, Prado de la Magdalena 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - A Nielfa
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, Prado de la Magdalena 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Fdz-Polanco
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, Prado de la Magdalena 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
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31
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Carchesio M, Tatàno F, Lancellotti I, Taurino R, Colombo E, Barbieri L. Comparison of biomethane production and digestate characterization for selected agricultural substrates in Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:2212-2226. [PMID: 25145174 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.898701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Starting from (but not limited to) their importance in the Italian context, three agricultural substrates, two of fruit origin (grape seeds and plum stones) and one of herbaceous origin (woad), were comparatively tested for both biomethane production and digestate characterization. The anaerobic digestion tests showed that grape seeds had the highest net methane production of 253.0 NmL g volatile solids (VS)(-1), followed by plum stones, whose best resulting net methane production was 174.7 NmL gVS(-1), and finally by woad with a net methane production of 153.1 NmL gVS(-1). Interestingly, the best methane productions of the fruit substrates were obtained with different substrate to inoculum ratios (on a VS basis), 1:1 for grape seeds but 2:1 for plum stones. On the other hand, a three-month ageing of woad caused a limited reduction of methane production. The estimation of obtained degrees of conversion, carried out on a chemical oxygen demand (COD) basis for the specific tests achieving the respective best methane productions, gave values of 48%, 31%, and 33% for grape seeds, plum stones, and woad, respectively. The estimated degrees of conversion were evaluated along with the respective methane productions and substrate COD/VS ratios. The comparison of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra and differential thermal analysis (DTA) profiles, carried out for selected digestates in pairs, revealed some distinctive differences in the relative intensities or presence and absence of particular peaks in the FT-IR spectra and in the relative intensities of the exothermic peaks or horizontal curve shifting of the DTA profiles.
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32
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Dynamics of microbial communities in untreated and autoclaved food waste anaerobic digesters. Anaerobe 2014; 29:3-9. [PMID: 24791674 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the microbial community richness and dynamics of two semi-continuously stirred biogas reactors during a time-course study of 120 days. The reactors were fed with untreated and autoclaved (160 °C, 6.2 bar) food waste. The microbial community was analysed using a bacteria- and archaea-targeting 16S rRNA gene-based Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) approach. Compared with the archaeal community, the structures and functions of the bacterial community were found to be more complex and diverse. With the principal coordinates analysis it was possible to separate both microbial communities with 75 and 50% difference for bacteria and archaea, respectively, in the two reactors fed with the same waste but with different pretreatment. Despite the use of the same feeding material, anaerobic reactors showed a distinct community profile which could explain the differences in methane yield (2-17%). The community composition was highly dynamic for bacteria and archaea during the entire studied period. This study illustrates that microbial communities are dependent on feeding material and that correlations among specific bacterial and archaeal T-RFs can be established.
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33
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Zhu J, Zheng Y, Xu F, Li Y. Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of hay and soybean processing waste for biogas production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 154:240-7. [PMID: 24398152 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion of soybean processing waste (SPW) and hay in solid-state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) for biogas production was investigated. Effects of the SPW to hay ratio, feedstock to effluent (inoculum) ratio, premixing of effluent with feedstock, and leachate recirculation on biogas production via SS-AD were studied. The highest methane yield of 258 L/kg VS was obtained with a SPW/hay ratio of 75:25 and feedstock/effluent (F/E) ratio of 3, which was 148% and 50% higher than that of 100% SPW and 100% hay, respectively. Increasing the F/E ratio from 1 to 5 decreased methane yield, however the highest volumetric methane yield (16.2L/L reactor) was obtained at an F/E of 3. There was no significant difference in methane yields between premixing 50% and 100% of the effluent. Leachate recirculation significantly accelerated the SS-AD start-up process when effluent was not completely premixed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Zhu
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA; School of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255049, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Fuqing Xu
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA
| | - Yebo Li
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Ave., Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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34
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Zhang X, Spanjers H, van Lier JB. Potentials and limitations of biomethane and phosphorus recovery from sludges of brackish/marine aquaculture recirculation systems: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2013; 131:44-54. [PMID: 24140486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brackish/marine recirculation aquaculture systems (RAS) produce a relatively small but concentrated waste stream. The produced waste is perceived as a constraint for sustainable development of brackish/marine RAS. Appropriate disposal of sludge or waste from brackish/marine RAS is of great importance for widespread acceptance and implementation. Anaerobic stabilization of RAS sludge is considered as a potential cost-effective methodology to achieve effective sludge reduction and biogas production. Therefore, this review presents an overview of studies conducted on anaerobic digestion of sludge from brackish/marine RAS. Several researchers have shown that specific methane yield (SMY) of anaerobic digestion of sludges from brackish/marine RAS is relatively low, mainly in the range of 0.001-0.184 m(3) CH4 (STP)/kg COD of sludge added. The possible reasons for low SMY are reviewed in this work and can be mainly attributed to applied experimental set-ups, particularly improper inoculum, and high salinity, mainly resulting from high sodium cation levels. This review also evaluates the potentials and limitations for phosphorus recovery from the waste streams. Additionally, corresponding approaches to enhance specific methanogenic activities are proposed, particularly about the need for further thickening sludges from brackish/marine RAS in order to increase SMY from the wastes and downsize the anaerobic digestion units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Zhang
- Section Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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35
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Rodríguez-Abalde Á, Gómez X, Blanco D, Cuetos MJ, Fernández B, Flotats X. Study of thermal pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of slaughterhouse waste by TGA-MS and FTIR spectroscopy. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2013; 31:1195-1202. [PMID: 24163377 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x13507312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Thermogravimetric analysis coupled to mass spectrometry (TGA-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to describe the effect of pasteurization as a hygienic pre-treatment of animal by-products over biogas production. Piggery and poultry meat wastes were used as substrates for assessing the anaerobic digestion under batch conditions at mesophilic range. Poultry waste was characterized by high protein and carbohydrate content, while piggery waste presented a major fraction of fat and lower carbohydrate content. Results from anaerobic digestion tests showed a lower methane yield for the pre-treated poultry sample. TGA-MS and FTIR spectroscopy allowed the qualitative identification of recalcitrant nitrogen-containing compounds in the pre-treated poultry sample, produced by Maillard reactions. In the case of piggery waste, the recalcitrant compounds were not detected and its biodegradability test reported higher methane yield and production rates. TGA-MS and FTIR spectroscopy were demonstrated to be useful tools for explaining results obtained by anaerobic biodegradability test and in describing the presence of inhibitory problems.
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36
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Wagner AO, Lins P, Malin C, Reitschuler C, Illmer P. Impact of protein-, lipid- and cellulose-containing complex substrates on biogas production and microbial communities in batch experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:256-66. [PMID: 23660521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, nine complex organic substrates from three classes (protein-, lipid-, and cellulose-rich) were investigated in batch experiments and compared with a control in order to evaluate their potential for utilisation as substrates for biogas production. High methane production was observed from protein-rich substrates; problems arose from lipid-containing, lactose and cellulose fermentation. Using DGGE analysis it could be shown that different classes of substrate resulted in different microbial communities, whereupon similar substrates tended to show a similar microbial structure. By means of qPCR Methanoculleus sp., a hydrogenotrophic methanogen was found to be the most abundant organism in the batch experiments. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that methanogenic organisms withstood adverse environmental conditions for at least an incubation period of 55 days, pointing to a high stability of the archaeal community even in times of decreasing or even failing fermenter performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Otto Wagner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Microbiology, Technikerstr. 25d, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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37
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Caramiello C, Lancellotti I, Righi F, Tatàno F, Taurino R, Barbieri L. Anaerobic digestion of selected Italian agricultural and industrial residues (grape seeds and leather dust): combined methane production and digestate characterization. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1225-1237. [PMID: 24191456 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.743597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A combined experimental evaluation of methane production (obtained by anaerobic digestion) and detailed digestate characterization (with physical-chemical, thermo-gravimetric and mineralogical approaches) was conducted on two organic substrates, which are specific to Italy (at regional and national levels). One of the substrates was grape seeds, which have an agricultural origin, whereas the other substrate was vegetable-tanned leather dust, which has an industrial origin. Under the assumed experimental conditions of the performed lab-scale test series, the grape seed substrate exhibited a resulting net methane production of 175.0 NmL g volatile solids (VS)(-1); hence, it can be considered as a potential energy source via anaerobic digestion. Conversely, the net methane production obtained from the anaerobic digestion of the vegetable-tanned leather dust substrate was limited to 16.1 NmL gVS(-1). A detailed characterization of the obtained digestates showed that there were both nitrogen-containing compounds and complex organic compounds present in the digestate that was obtained from the mixture of leather dust and inoculum. As a general perspective of this experimental study, the application of diversified characterization analyzes could facilitate (1) a better understanding of the main properties of the obtained digestates to evaluate their potential valorization, and (2) a combination of the digestate characteristics with the corresponding methane productions to comprehensively evaluate the bioconversion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caramiello
- DiSBeF- Department of Base Sciences and Fundamentals, Section of Bio-Mathematics, Environmental Modeling and Engineering, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
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38
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Cavaleiro AJ, Ferreira T, Pereira F, Tommaso G, Alves MM. Biochemical methane potential of raw and pre-treated meat-processing wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 129:519-525. [PMID: 23266854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Raw and pre-treated greaves and rinds, two meat-processing wastes, were assessed for biochemical methane potential (BMP). Combinations of temperature (25, 55, 70 and 120 °C), NaOH (0.3 g g(-1) waste volatile solids) and lipase from Candida rugosa (10 U g(-1) fat) were applied to promote wastes hydrolysis, and the effect on BMP was evaluated. COD solubilisation was higher (66% for greaves; 55% for rinds) when greaves were pre-treated with NaOH at 55 °C and lipase was added to rinds after autoclaving. Maximum fat hydrolysis (52-54%) resulted from NaOH addition, at 55 °C for greaves and 25 °C for rinds. BMP of raw greaves and rinds was 707±46 and 756±56 L CH4 (at standard temperature and pressure) kg(-1)VS, respectively. BMP of rinds improved 25% by exposure to 70 °C; all other strategies tested had no positive effect on BMP of both wastes, and anaerobic biodegradability was even reduced by the combined action of base and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Cavaleiro
- Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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39
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Pretreatment of Chicken Feather Waste for Improved Biogas Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2016-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Di Maria F. Upgrading of a mechanical biological treatment plant with a solid anaerobic digestion batch: a real case study. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2012; 30:1089-1094. [PMID: 22751849 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x12451306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The energetic and treatment efficiency analysis of an existing mechanical biological treatment (MBT) plant shows that more than 60% of the 25 kWh consumed per each tonne of non-differentiated waste (NDW) treated is due to the electric fans. About 7.5 kWh per tonne of NDW is used for supplying the process air for stabilizing the waste organic fraction (WOF). Exploitation of the solid anaerobic digestion batch (SADB) for processing the WOF before it enters the aerobic section of the MBT leads to the production of biogas and, when subsequently fed to a gas engine, electric power at a magnitude of about 150 kWh per tonne of WOF, resulting in an energy surplus of about 48 kWh per tonne of NDW treated by the MBT facility. The SADB can also reduce the organic load rate at which the aerobic section operates up to 40%, leading to further positive effects on the whole MBT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Maria
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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41
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Zhang Y, Banks C. Co-digestion of the mechanically recovered organic fraction of municipal solid waste with slaughterhouse wastes. Biochem Eng J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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42
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Carlsson M, Lagerkvist A, Morgan-Sagastume F. The effects of substrate pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion systems: a review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:1634-50. [PMID: 22633466 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Focus is placed on substrate pre-treatment in anaerobic digestion (AD) as a means of increasing biogas yields using today's diversified substrate sources. Current pre-treatment methods to improve AD are being examined with regard to their effects on different substrate types, highlighting approaches and associated challenges in evaluating substrate pre-treatment in AD systems and its influence on the overall system of evaluation. WWTP residues represent the substrate type that is most frequently assessed in pre-treatment studies, followed by energy crops/harvesting residues, organic fraction of municipal solid waste, organic waste from food industry and manure. The pre-treatment effects are complex and generally linked to substrate characteristics and pre-treatment mechanisms. Overall, substrates containing lignin or bacterial cells appear to be the most amendable to pre-treatment for enhancing AD. Approaches used to evaluate AD enhancement in different systems is further reviewed and challenges and opportunities for improved evaluations are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- My Carlsson
- Waste Science and Technology, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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43
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Franke-Whittle IH, Insam H. Treatment alternatives of slaughterhouse wastes, and their effect on the inactivation of different pathogens: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 39:139-51. [PMID: 22694189 PMCID: PMC3622235 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2012.694410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Slaughterhouse wastes are a potential reservoir of bacterial, viral, prion and parasitic pathogens, capable of infecting both animals and humans. A quick, cost effective and safe disposal method is thus essential in order to reduce the risk of disease following animal slaughter. Different methods for the disposal of such wastes exist, including composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), alkaline hydrolysis (AH), rendering, incineration and burning. Composting is a disposal method that allows a recycling of the slaughterhouse waste nutrients back into the earth. The high fat and protein content of slaughterhouse wastes mean however, that such wastes are an excellent substrate for AD processes, resulting in both the disposal of wastes, a recycling of nutrients (soil amendment with sludge), and in methane production. Concerns exist as to whether AD and composting processes can inactivate pathogens. In contrast, AH is capable of the inactivation of almost all known microorganisms. This review was conducted in order to compare three different methods of slaughterhouse waste disposal, as regards to their ability to inactivate various microbial pathogens. The intention was to investigate whether AD could be used for waste disposal (either alone, or in combination with another process) such that both energy can be obtained and potentially hazardous materials be disposed of.
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44
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Shahriari H, Warith M, Hamoda M, Kennedy KJ. Effect of leachate recirculation on mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:400-403. [PMID: 22088957 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of using untreated leachate for supplemental water addition and liquid recirculation on anaerobic digestion of food waste was evaluated by combining cyclic water recycle operations with batch mesophilic biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays. Cyclic BMP assays indicated that using an appropriate fraction of recycled leachate and fresh make up water can stimulate methanogenic activity and enhance biogas production. Conversely increasing the percentage of recycled leachate in the make up water eventually causes methanogenic inhibition and decrease in the rate of food waste stabilization. The decrease in activity is exacerbated as the number cycles increases. Inhibition is possibly attributed to accumulation and elevated concentrations of ammonia as well as other waste by products in the recycled leachate that inhibit methanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Shahriari
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur St., P.O. Box 450, Stn. A, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Bayr S, Rantanen M, Kaparaju P, Rintala J. Mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of rendering plant and slaughterhouse wastes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 104:28-36. [PMID: 22074907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion of rendering and slaughterhouse wastes was studied in laboratory scale semi-continuously fed continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) at 35 and 55 °C. All in all, 10 different rendering plant and slaughterhouse waste fractions were characterised showing high contents of lipids and proteins, and methane potentials of 262-572 dm(3)CH(4)/kg volatile solids(VS)(added). In mesophilic CSTR methane yields of ca 720 dm(3) CH(4)/kg VS(fed) were obtained with organic loading rates (OLR) of 1.0 and 1.5 kg VS/m(3) d, and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d. For thermophilic process, the lowest studied OLR of 1.5 kg VS/m(3) d, turned to be unstable after operation of 1.5 HRT, due to accumulating ammonia, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and probably also long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). In conclusion, mesophilic process was found to be more feasible for co-digestion than thermophilic process, methane yields being higher and process more stable in mesophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Bayr
- University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Redondas V, Gómez X, García S, Pevida C, Rubiera F, Morán A, Pis JJ. Hydrogen production from food wastes and gas post-treatment by CO2 adsorption. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:60-66. [PMID: 21963336 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The production of H(2) by biological means, although still far from being a commercially viable proposition, offers great promise for the future. Purification of the biogas obtained may lead to the production of highly concentrated H(2) streams appropriate for industrial application. This research work evaluates the dark fermentation of food wastes and assesses the possibility of adsorbing CO(2) from the gas stream by means of a low cost biomass-based adsorbent. The reactor used was a completely stirred tank reactor run at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) while the concentration of solids of the feeding stream was kept constant. The results obtained demonstrate that the H(2) yields from the fermentation of food wastes were affected by modifications in the hydraulic retention time (HRT) due to incomplete hydrolysis. The decrease in the duration of fermentation had a negative effect on the conversion of the substrate into soluble products. This resulted in a lower amount of soluble substrate being available for metabolisation by H(2) producing microflora leading to a reduction in specific H(2) production. Adsorption of CO(2) from a gas stream generated from the dark fermentation process was successfully carried out. The data obtained demonstrate that the column filled with biomass-derived activated carbon resulted in a high degree of hydrogen purification. Co-adsorption of H(2)S onto the activated carbon also took place, there being no evidence of H(2)S present in the bio-H(2) exiting the column. Nevertheless, the concentration of H(2)S was very low, and this co-adsorption did not affect the CO(2) capture capacity of the activated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Redondas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Leon, IRENA-ESTIA, Avda. de Portugal 41, Leon 24071, Spain
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