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Zhang S, Zhao W, Jia S, Wei L, Zhou L, Tian Y. Study on release and occurrence of typical metals in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems under stagnation conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15217-15229. [PMID: 36166128 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal contaminants in corrosion products of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can be released into potable water under specific conditions, thereby polluting drinking water and posing a health risk. Under stagnation conditions, the release characteristics, occurring forms, and environmental risks of ten metals were determined in loose and tubercle scale solids of an unlined cast iron pipe with a long service history, before and after immersion. Most Al, As, Cr, Fe, and V in corrosion scales existed in the residual fraction, with the released concentration and pollution risk being low. Since more than 59% of Ca in pipe scales existed in the exchangeable fraction, Ca release was high. Although the Pb and Cd content of corrosion solids was low, a high proportion of Pb and Cd was present in non-residual fractions with high mobility. Sudden severe Pb or Cd pollution events in DWDS could result in high pollution and environmental risk levels. The total content and released amount of Mn and Zn in corrosion scales were both high. Therefore, while special attention should be paid to Mn and Zn, Pb and Cd also present a high risk in pipe scales, despite their low concentrations. During stagnation immersion, metal release from powdered pipe scales occurred via the processes of mass release, re-adsorption into scales, and slow release until equilibrium was reached. The levels of metal re-adsorption into scales were much higher than the concentrations dissolved into bulk water. However, the amount of metal re-adsorption into tubercle scale blocks was less. Importantly, these findings highlight that during DWDS operation, the sudden release of metal pollutants caused by pipe scale breakage should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Shichao Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Lianyi Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China
| | - Letong Zhou
- Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Tianjin, 300350, Jinnan District, China.
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2
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Liu L, Zhang M, Suib SL, Qiu G. Rapid photooxidation and removal of As(III) from drinking water using Fe-Mn composite oxide. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119297. [PMID: 36323219 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fe-Mn composite oxide (FMO) is widely applied to the oxidation and removal of As(III) from water. However, As(III) can directly reduce manganese oxides, decreasing the oxidation capacity or reusability and thereby greatly limiting the applicability of FMO. Here, the oxidation capacity and reusability of FMO for As(III) were efficiently improved by light radiation, and the effect of typical coexisting ions (SO42- and Ca2+) on the removal of As(III) was also studied. O2•- produced from excited manganese oxide and ligand-to-metal charge transfer in iron oxide-As(III) complex enhanced As(III) oxidation and removal under light radiation. At an initial As(III) concentration of 1000 μg L-1, the total As concentration was respectively decreased to 11.5, 1.5 and 4.4 μg L-1 under darkness, UV light and sunlight at 180 min, and could be reduced to below the guideline limitation of drinking water (10 μg L-1) within 40 and 60 min under UV light and sunlight, respectively. SO42- exhibited negligible effect on As removal efficiency because FMO had obviously lower adsorption capacity and selectivity for SO42- than for As(V). The adsorption of coexisting Ca2+ on manganese oxide decreased the negative charge on the FMO surface, thereby improving As(III) adsorption and oxidation. FMO exhibited excellent reusability, and a total As removal efficiency of 99.1% was still maintained after five cycles of an adsorption-desorption process under UV light. This work elucidates the photochemical oxidation and removal mechanism of FMO for As(III), and proposes a low-cost and efficient method for the detoxification of As(III)-contaminated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Steven L Suib
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Interdisciplinary Sciences Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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3
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Li G, Zhao Y, An G, Shi B. Mn(II) Oxidation by Free Chlorine Catalyzed by the Hydrolytic Products of Ferric and Aluminum Species under Drinking Water Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10775-10784. [PMID: 35876009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mn(II) oxidation by free chlorine can be applied to remove Mn(II) at water treatment plants. This reaction also results in particulate MnOx formation and accumulation in drinking water distribution systems. This study investigated the effect of Fe(III) and Al(III) hydrolysis products (mainly precipitates) on Mn(II) oxidation by free chlorine under drinking water conditions. The results showed that Fe3+ added as FeCl3 and Al(III) added as polyaluminum chloride (PACl) at tens to hundreds of micrograms per liter dramatically catalyzed Mn(II) oxidation by free chlorine. Through hydrolytic precipitation at circumneutral pH, Fe3+ and Al13 (the dominant preformed Al species in PACl) generated Fe(OH)3-like particles and Al13 aggregates, respectively, which initiated heterogeneous Mn(II) oxidation. Kinetic modeling indicated that, once some MnOx was formed, MnOx and Fe(OH)3 catalyzed the subsequent Mn(II) oxidation to an equal extent. The particles (aggregates) formed from Al13 species exhibited a weaker catalytic capacity in comparison to MnOx and Fe(OH)3 at equivalent molar concentrations. Interestingly, unlike Al13 species in PACl, Al(III) added as AlCl3 had a negligible influence on Mn(II) oxidation, even when Al(OH)3(am) precipitates were formed. The catalytic effects of Fe3+ and Al13 hydrolysis products were confirmed by experiments with natural water and finished water, and the lower Mn(II) oxidation rate was mainly attributed to organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu An
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhang S, Tian Y, Guo H, Liu R, He N, Li Z, Zhao W. Study on the occurrence of typical heavy metals in drinking water and corrosion scales in a large community in northern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133145. [PMID: 34921856 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive heavy metal content in drinking water could lead to red water and acute and chronic diseases. A field study in combination with batch experiments using pipe scales of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) in the study area, was used to determine the content distribution and migration of As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, and V in DWDS. In the field study, As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and V contents in pipe scales and drinking water were extremely low and did not exceed the Chinese drinking water standards. However, Mn concentrations at the end of the DWDS with aged and corrosive pipes were relatively high, which presented a risk of excessive release. The batch experiment showed that As in pipe scales would not be released into water under static immersion conditions; however, pipe scales would release excessive Cd, Cr, Mn, Pb, and V in the initial reaction stage, and the heavy metal contents released by tubercle scales in the initial release stage were at least twice as much as those released by loose scales. The mass percentage of four metals (excluding Cd and Pb) released from pipe scales was extremely low. The field study and batch experiment data both suggested a strong correlation between Cr and V released into the water, indicating a synergistic effect. There were differences in heavy metals released in the field research and the batch experiment. The amount of Cd, Cr, Pb, and V released were not consistent with its proportion in pipe scales. As release did not occur under static conditions, but may be promoted by the water flow in the actual network. The effect of water flow on heavy metal release in DWDS should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hao Guo
- The Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, MNR(Tianjin), Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Nan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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5
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Zheng Y, Hou L, Zhang Z, Ge J, Li M, Yin G, Han P, Dong H, Liang X, Gao J, Gao D, Liu M. Overlooked contribution of water column to nitrogen removal in estuarine turbidity maximum zone (TMZ). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147736. [PMID: 34020087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine systems are important sites of eliminating reactive nitrogen (N) delivered from land to sea. Numerous studies have focused on N cycling in estuarine sediment. However, the N elimination role of suspended sediments in estuarine turbid water column, which might provide anaerobic microenvironment for N loss, is rarely considered. This study examined the community dynamics and activities of denitrifying and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria in the water column of the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) of the Yangtze Estuary, using molecular and 15N isotope-tracing techniques. Results showed that the anammox bacterial community was dominated by Candidatus Kuenenia and Candidatus Brocadia in the TMZ water column, while the main nirS-harboring denitrifiers were affiliated with Rhodobacterales. The denitrifying nirS gene was two orders of magnitude more abundant than anammox bacterial 16S rRNA gene, ranging from 1.77 × 105 to 1.42 × 108 copies l-1 and from 7.68 × 104 to 4.27 × 106 copies l-1, respectively. Compared with anammox, denitrification, with rates of 0.88 to 20.83 μmol N l-1 d-1, overwhelmingly dominated the N removal in the TMZ water column and was significantly correlated to suspended sediment concentrations (SSC). Based on the measured N removal rates, it was estimated that about 2.5 × 105 ton N was annually removed from the TMZ water column, accounting for approximately 18.5% of the total inorganic N (TIN) discharged from the Yangtze River. Overall, this study implies the importance of estuarine turbid water column in controlling N budget, and also improves the understanding of N loss mechanisms in estuarine TMZ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zheng
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Zongxiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianzhong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Maotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ping Han
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongpo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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6
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Kurajica L, Ujević Bošnjak M, Kinsela AS, Štiglić J, Waite TD, Capak K, Pavlić Z. Effects of changing supply water quality on drinking water distribution networks: Changes in NOM optical properties, disinfection byproduct formation, and Mn deposition and release. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144159. [PMID: 33360458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Field studies were conducted in a Croatian city supplied by two distinct groundwater sources (referred to as A and B) to investigate both the effects of changing water source on the water quality in the drinking water supply system, as well as to further understand discoloration events that occurred in city locations that switched water from source A to B. The water treatment processes at site A were found to alter organic matter (OM) characteristics, removing humic substances while enhancing protein-derived (tryptophan) content. Although the humic-like component predominated in raw waters, microbially/protein-derived components were found to increase throughout the distribution networks of both systems. Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) such as total trihalomethane (TTHM) and total haloacetic acid (THAA) were prevalent in water distribution system (WDS)-A, which correlated with elevated OM content as well as re-chlorination with hypochlorite (NaOCl). Our field study revealed that THMs were more readily formed than HAAs during ClO2 treatment. Unsurprisingly, chlorite concentrations were generally higher than chlorate concentrations during ClO2 treatment, whereas (secondary) NaOCl disinfection contributed to higher chlorate production. Principal component analysis indicated that variable pH values and humic-like OM could affect Mn, As and Al concentrations at the consumer's tap. Our results suggested that although Mn concentrations complied with regulations at WDS-B and were below 50 μg/L after disinfection, Mn was oxidized and formed particulate Mn oxides capable of causing discoloration events depending on prevailing network physico-chemical and hydraulic conditions. Aluminium also appears to be released during hydraulic disturbances from extensive deposits within the network. Thermodynamic calculations showed that Mn-oxidation was strongly dependent upon the ORP, and to lesser extent the pH value. Collectively, our results confirm that ensuring the provision of safe drinking waters to consumers requires an understanding of water quality across entire distribution networks in addition to any routine post-treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kurajica
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller street 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Ujević Bošnjak
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller street 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A S Kinsela
- Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Štiglić
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller street 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T D Waite
- Water Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - K Capak
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Rockefeller street 7, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Z Pavlić
- Slavonski Brod Water Supply Company, Nikole Zrinskog 25, 35000 Slavonski Brod, Croatia
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Tian Y, Li J, Jia S, Zhao W. Co-release potential and human health risk of heavy metals from galvanized steel pipe scales under stagnation conditions of drinking water. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129270. [PMID: 33338723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The re-release of heavy metals accumulated in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) may pose a significant threat to water quality and human health. In this work, the pipe scales in the actual DWDS were collected, and their physicochemical characteristics were investigated by SEM, XRF, XRD, XPS, and sequential extraction procedure. The co-release potential of heavy metals under different scale dosages, temperatures, and stagnation times was explored by stagnation release tests. Pearson correlation analysis on metal release and human health risk assessment was used to reveal the inter-metal correlation and potential risk of metal release. The results showed that the metal release potential under stagnation water conditions arose primarily from the acid-soluble fraction. The chronic non-carcinogenic risk of soluble metals followed the order: Mn > Fe > Zn > Pb. The risk caused by the soluble metal release could be ignored (HI < 1, HI: hazard index) under normal stagnation times (within 8 h). The major finding of this work was that Ca and Mn were more labile to release and had a significant linear co-release correlation (scale powder: R2 = 0.906, p < 0.01; pipe section: R2 = 0.982, p < 0.01), which indicated their co-existence and linear co-release. Ca was recognized as the "major metal" that affected the release of trace metals. The health risk probably increased with the release of Ca, which could also be used as an "indicator" of Mn release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shichao Jia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Weigao Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Zhang S, Tian Y, Guo Y, Shan J, Liu R. Manganese release from corrosion products of cast iron pipes in drinking water distribution systems: Effect of water temperature, pH, alkalinity, SO 42- concentration and disinfectants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127904. [PMID: 32799153 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese accumulated in corrosion scales on drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) can be released into bulk water, causing discolouration and thereby leading to customer concerns about drinking water quality. A static release experiment was conducted on iron pipe scales under three different temperatures, pH values, alkalinity values, sulfate (SO42-) concentrations, and disinfectants to study the separate effect of these factors on Mn release from pipe scales under stagnant conditions. Results showed that more Mn was released from corrosion scales under the conditions of lower pH, lower alkalinity, higher temperature, and higher SO42- concentrations. Three commonly used disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2), and monochloramine (NH2Cl) were found to inhibit the release of Mn from iron corrosion scales, with the ranked order of inhibitory effect of ClO2≈NaClO > NH2Cl under the same CT (product of disinfectant concentration and contact time) value. The orthogonal experimental results indicated that SO42- and alkalinity had extremely significant effects on the release of Mn from pipe scales, while pH and disinfectant type had a significant impact on the release of Mn from pipe scales. Thus, the SO42- concentration and alkalinity of the bulk water should be determined to avoid excessive release of Mn into drinking water. However, further investigation of the effect of disinfectants on Mn release in DWDSs is necessary. This research helps establish a systematic understanding of the influential factors in Mn release from pipe scales into bulk water, as well as their significant relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China; Renai College, Tianjin University, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301636, China
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Yajing Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China; Beifang Investigation, Design & Research Co. LTD, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Jinlin Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, 135 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
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9
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Huang M, Zhang Y, Xiang W, Zhou T, Wu X, Mao J. Efficient adsorption of Mn(II) by layered double hydroxides intercalated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and the mechanistic study. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 85:56-65. [PMID: 31471031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, greatly enhanced Mn(II) adsorption was achieved by as-synthesized diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs-DTPA). The adsorption capacity of LDHs-DTPA was 83.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that of LDHs-EDTA (44.4 mg/g), LDHs-Oxalate (21.6 mg/g) and LDHs (28.8 mg/g). The adsorption data of aqueous Mn(II) using LDHs-DTPA could be well described by the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamics study results also showed that the adsorption process of Mn(II) by LDHs-DTPA was exothermic as indicated by the negative ΔH value. Furthermore, based on the structural, morphological and thermostable features, as well as FT-IR and XPS characterizations of LDHs-DTPA and the pristine LDHs, the adsorption mechanism of Mn(II) was proposed. The carboxyl groups of DTPA were proposed to be the main binding sites for Mn(II), and the hydroxyl groups of LDHs also played a minor role in the adsorption process. Among the three common regeneration reagents, 0.1 mol/L Na2CO3 was the best for reusing LDHs-DTPA in Mn(II) adsorption. Besides, the Mn(II) adsorption performance could be hindered in the presence of typical inorganic ions, especially cations. Further specific modifications of LDHs-DTPA are suggested to get more selective adsorption of Mn(II) in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Juan Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Adsorption of Mn(II) from aqueous solution by silica-gel supported polyamidoamine dendrimers: Experimental and DFT study. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gao J, Liu Q, Song L, Shi B. Risk assessment of heavy metals in pipe scales and loose deposits formed in drinking water distribution systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:1387-1395. [PMID: 30586823 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of inorganic contaminants in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) can greatly threaten water quality and safety. This work mainly focused on the accumulation, speciation and risk assessment of inorganic contaminants found in pipe scales and loose deposits in DWDS. Global contamination factor (GCF), risk assessment code (RAC) and consensus-based sediment quality guidelines (CBSQGs) were adopted for the potential health risk assessment of inorganic contaminants. The Tessier sequential extraction method was used to study the speciation distribution of inorganic contaminants in fourteen samples (six pipe scale samples, eight loose deposit samples) collected from real DWDS. The significant correlation between Al and Mn showed there was a co-occurrence behavior of Al and Mn in pipe scales and loose deposits. In addition to the possible interactions between Al and Mn, Ba, Cu and As were possibly accumulated during the formation of Al and Mn commixtures. Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co and Ba in the samples were mainly associated with the Fe-Mn oxides fraction, which indicated Fe-Mn oxides might play an important role in the accumulation and release of these inorganic contaminants. Fe, Al, As, Cr, V and Cd mainly existed in the residual fraction, which indicated their low mobility. The GCF results demonstrated that most of the sample sites had a certain environmental risk. The RAC results showed that high risk mainly resulted from Cd both in pipe scales and loose deposits. According to the CBSQGs evaluation, heavy metals in loose deposits were more harmful, and Ba exhibited the highest risk among all heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Quanli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Laizhou Song
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Crystalline/Amorphous Blend Identification from Cobalt Adsorption by Layered Double Hydroxides. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11091706. [PMID: 30217008 PMCID: PMC6164505 DOI: 10.3390/ma11091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption behavior of CaAl-Cl layered double hydroxide (CaAl-Cl-LDH) with a controlled pH value (pH = 6) on Co(II) ions ([Co] = 8 mM) is investigated. The comprehensively accepted mechanism of cobalt adsorption on LDH is considered to be co-precipitation, and the final adsorbed products are normally crystalline Co-LDH. One unanticipated finding is that crystalline/amorphous blends are found in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Co-adsorbed LDH. To shed light on the adsorption products and the mechanisms in the adsorption process of Co(II) in an aqueous solution by CaAl-Cl-LDH, a series of testing methods including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are applied to clarify the interaction between cobalt and CaAl-Cl-LDH. According to the comprehensive analysis, the formation of the crystalline/amorphous blends corresponds to two adsorption mechanisms. The crystalline phases are identified as Co6Al2CO3(OH)16·4H2O, which is attributed to the co-precipitation process occurring in the interaction between Co(II) and CaAl-Cl-LDH. The formation of the amorphous phases is due to surface complexation on amorphous Al(OH)3 hydrolyzed from CaAl-Cl-LDH.
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Li G, Ding Y, Xu H, Jin J, Shi B. Characterization and release profile of (Mn, Al)-bearing deposits in drinking water distribution systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:73-80. [PMID: 29331934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic contaminants accumulation in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is a great threat to water quality and safety. This work assessed the main risk factors for different water pipes and discovered the release profile of accumulated materials in a full scale distribution system frequently suffered from water discoloration problem. Physicochemical characterization of pipe deposits were performed using X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The metal release profile was obtained through continuous monitoring of a full-scale DWDS area. The results showed that aluminum and manganese were the main metals of deposits in nonmetallic pipes, while iron was dominant in iron-based pipe corrosion scales. Manganese primarily existed as MnO2 without well crystalline form. The relative abundance of Mn and Fe in deposits changed with their distance from the water treatment plant. Compared with iron in corrosion scales, Mn and Al were more labile to be released back into bulk water during unidirectional flushing process. A main finding of this work is the co-release behavior of Mn and Al in particulate form and significant correlation exists between these two metals. Dual control of manganese and aluminum in treated water is proposed to be essential to cope with discoloration and trace metal contamination in DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuanxun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongfu Xu
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Junwei Jin
- Shenzhen Water (Group) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Jia Z, Liu T, Xia X, Xia N. Effect of particle size and composition of suspended sediment on denitrification in river water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:934-940. [PMID: 26461138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rivers with high suspended sediment (SPS) concentration are common worldwide, and previous studies reported the occurrence of denitrification on SPS. In this work, effect of particle size and composition of SPS on denitrification in river water was studied in laboratory. The (15)N isotope tracer technique was used to investigate the denitrification in water containing 8 g L(-1) SPS with different particle sizes, including <20 μm, 20-50 μm, 50-100 μm, and 100-200 μm. The results showed that the denitrification rate was negatively related to particle size, and the SPS with particle size below 20 μm had the highest (15)N2 emission rate of 0.27 mg-N/m(3) · d, which was twice that of 100-200 μm. The denitrifying bacteria population in the system decreased with the increase of particle size, which was positively correlated with denitrification rate (p<0.05). There was a positive correlation between organic carbon content of SPS and denitrifying bacteria population (p<0.01), indicating that organic carbon is a key factor influencing denitrifying bacteria. Different from the (15)N2 production, (15)N2O emission rate reached the highest of 1.02 μg-N/m(3) · d in the system containing SPS of 20-50 μm, which was 14.8 times that of 100-200 μm. This was due to the difference in denitrifying bacteria species in different systems due to different oxic/anoxic conditions around SPS. This study suggests that not only the SPS concentration but also the SPS size and composition should be considered in studying the nitrogen cycle in river systems, especially for the production of N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Na Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Ammar TA, Abid KY, El-Bindary AA, El-Sonbati AZ. Comparison of commercial analytical techniques for measuring chlorine dioxide in urban desalinated drinking water. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:970-984. [PMID: 26608759 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most drinking water industries are closely examining options to maintain a certain level of disinfectant residual through the entire distribution system. Chlorine dioxide is one of the promising disinfectants that is usually used as a secondary disinfectant, whereas the selection of the proper monitoring analytical technique to ensure disinfection and regulatory compliance has been debated within the industry. This research endeavored to objectively compare the performance of commercially available analytical techniques used for chlorine dioxide measurements (namely, chronoamperometry, DPD (N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine), Lissamine Green B (LGB WET) and amperometric titration), to determine the superior technique. The commonly available commercial analytical techniques were evaluated over a wide range of chlorine dioxide concentrations. In reference to pre-defined criteria, the superior analytical technique was determined. To discern the effectiveness of such superior technique, various factors, such as sample temperature, high ionic strength, and other interferences that might influence the performance were examined. Among the four techniques, chronoamperometry technique indicates a significant level of accuracy and precision. Furthermore, the various influencing factors studied did not diminish the technique's performance where it was fairly adequate in all matrices. This study is a step towards proper disinfection monitoring and it confidently assists engineers with chlorine dioxide disinfection system planning and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ammar
- Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA), PO Box 41, Doha, Qatar E-mail:
| | - K Y Abid
- Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA), PO Box 41, Doha, Qatar E-mail:
| | - A A El-Bindary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, PO Box 6, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - A Z El-Sonbati
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, PO Box 6, New Damietta, Egypt
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Wang W, Song S, Zhang X, Mitchell Spear J, Wang X, Wang W, Ding Z, Qiao Z. Effects of Ni(2+) on aluminum hydroxide scale formation and transformation on a simulated drinking water distribution system. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:211-217. [PMID: 24412504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Observations of aluminum containing sediments/scales formed within the distribution pipes have been reported for several decades. In this study, the effect of Ni(2+) on the formation and transformation processes of aluminum hydroxide sediment in a simulated drinking water distribution system were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermodynamic calculation methods. It was determined that the existence of Ni(2+) had notable effects on the formation of bayerite. In the system without Ni(2+) addition, there was no X-ray diffraction signal observed after 400 d of aging. The presence of Ni(2+), however, even when present in small amounts (Ni/Al=1:100) the formation of bayerite would occur in as little as 3d at pH 8.5. As the molar ratio of Ni/Al increase from 1:100 to 1:10, the amount of bayerite formed on the pipeline increased further; meanwhile, the specific area of the pipe scale decreased from 160 to 122 m(2)g(-1). In the system with Ni/Al molar ratio at 1:3, the diffraction spectrum strength of bayerite became weaker, and disappeared when Ni/Al molar ratios increased above 1:1. At these highs Ni/Al molar ratios, Ni5Al4O11⋅18H2O was determined to be the major component of the pipe scale. Further study indicated that the presence of Ni(2+) promoted the formation of bayerite and Ni5Al4O11⋅18H2O under basic conditions. At lower pH (6.5) however, the existence of Ni(2+) had little effect on the formation of bayerite and Ni5Al4O11⋅18H2O, rather the adsorption of amorphous Al(OH)3 for Ni(2+) promoted the formation of crystal Ni(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Department of Environmental Technology and Ecology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Zhejiang, Jiaxing 314006, China.
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaoni Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - J Mitchell Spear
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg, Middletown, PA 17057, USA
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
| | - Zixia Qiao
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Influence of Chemical and Biological Parameters on Iron and Manganese Accumulation in Water Distribution Networks. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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