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Adjei JK, Acquah H, Essumang DK. Occurrence, efficiency of treatment processes, source apportionment and human health risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and xenoestrogen compounds in tap water from some Ghanaian communities. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31815. [PMID: 38845891 PMCID: PMC11153180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of pharmaceuticals and xenoestrogen compounds (PXCs) in drinking water presents a dire human health risk challenge. The problem stems from the high anthropogenic pollution load on source water and the inefficiencies of the conventional water treatment plants in treating PXCs. This study assessed the PXCs levels and the consequential health risks of exposure to tap water from selected Ghanaian communities as well as that of raw water samples from the respective treatment plants. Thus the PXCs treatment efficiency of two drinking water treatment plants in the metropolises studied was also assessed. The study also conducted source apportionment of the PXCs in the tap water. Twenty six (26) tap and raw water samples from communities in the Cape Coast and Sekondi-Takoradi metropolises were extracted using SPE cartridges and analysed for PXCs using Ultra-fast-HPLC-UV instrument. Elevated levels of PXCs up to 24.79 and 22.02 μg/L were respectively recorded in raw and tap water samples from the metropolises. Consequently, elevated non-cancer health risk (HI > 1) to residential adults were found for tap water samples from Cape Coast metropolis and also for some samples from Sekondi-Takoradi metropolis. Again, elevated cumulative oral cancer risks >10-5 and dermal cancer risk up to 4 × 10-5 were recorded. The source apportionment revealed three significant sources of PXCs in tap water samples studied. The results revealed the inefficiency of the treatment plants in removing PXCs from the raw water during treatments. The situation thus requires urgent attention to ameliorate it, safeguarding public health. It is recommended that the conventional water treatment process employed be augmented with advanced treatment technologies to improve their efficacy in PXCs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K. Adjei
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Henrietta Acquah
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - David K. Essumang
- Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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2
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Jenkins JA, Draugelis-Dale RO, Hoffpauir NM, Baudoin BA, Matkin C, Driver L, Hodges S, Brown BL. Flow cytometric assessments of metabolic activity in bacterial assemblages provide insight into ecosystem condition along the Buffalo National River, Arkansas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170462. [PMID: 38311076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The Buffalo National River (BNR), on karst terrain in Arkansas, is considered an extraordinary water resource. Water collected in Spring 2017 along BNR was metagenomically analyzed using 16S rDNA, and for 17 months (5/2017-11/2018), bacterial responses were measured in relation to nutrients sampled along a stretch of BNR near a concentrated animal feed operation (CAFO) on Big Creek. Because cell count and esterase activity can increase proportionally with organic enrichment, they were hypothesized to be elevated near the CAFO. Counts (colony forming units; CFUs) were different among sites for 73 % of the months; Big Creek generated highest CFUs 27 % of the time, with the closest downstream site at 13.3 %. Esterase activity was different among sites 94 % of the time, with Big Creek exhibiting lowest activity 71 % of the time. Over the months, activity was similar across sites at ~70 % active, except at Big Creek (56 %). The α-diversity of BNR microbial consortia near a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the CAFO was related to distance from the WWTP and CAFO. The inverse relationship between high CFUs and low esterase activity at Big Creek (r = -0.71) actuated in vitro exposures of bacteria to organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) previously identified in the watershed. Exponential-phase Escherichia coli (stock strain), Streptococcus suis (avirulent, from swine), and S. dysgalactiae (virulent, from silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were incubated with atrazine, pharmaceuticals (17 α-ethynylestradiol and trenbolone), and antimicrobials (tylosin and butylparaben). Bacteria were differentially responsive. Activity varied with exposure time and OWC type, but not concentration; atrazine decreased it most. Taken together - the metagenomic taxonomic similarities along BNR, slightly higher bacterial growth and lower bacterial esterase at the CAFO, and the lab exposures of bacterial strains showing that OWC altered metabolism - the results indicated that bioactive OWC entering the watershed can strongly influence microbial processes in the aquatic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Jenkins
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA.
| | - Rassa O Draugelis-Dale
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Nina M Hoffpauir
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Brooke A Baudoin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA
| | - Caroline Matkin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506, USA.
| | - Lucas Driver
- U.S. Geological Survey, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center, 401 Hardin Rd., Little Rock, AR 72211, USA.
| | - Shawn Hodges
- Buffalo National River, National Park Service, 402 N. Walnut St., Harrison, AR 72601, USA.
| | - Bonnie L Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 105 Main St., Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Loos R, Daouk S, Marinov D, Gómez L, Porcel-Rodríguez E, Sanseverino I, Amalric L, Potalivo M, Calabretta E, Ferenčík M, Colzani L, DellaVedova L, Amendola L, Saurini M, Di Girolamo F, Lardy-Fontan S, Sengl M, Kunkel U, Svahn O, Weiss S, De Martin S, Gelao V, Bazzichetto M, Tarábek P, Stipaničev D, Repec S, Zacs D, Ricci M, Golovko O, Flores C, Ramani S, Rebane R, Rodríguez JA, Lettieri T. Summary recommendations on "Analytical methods for substances in the Watch List under the Water Framework Directive". THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168707. [PMID: 37992820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The Watch List (WL) is a monitoring program under the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) to obtain high-quality Union-wide monitoring data on potential water pollutants for which scarce monitoring data or data of insufficient quality are available. The main purpose of the WL data collection is to determine if the substances pose a risk to the aquatic environment at EU level and subsequently to decide whether a threshold, the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) should be set for them and, potentially to be listed as priority substance in the WFD. The first WL was established in 2015 and contained 10 individual or groups of substances while the 4th WL was launched in 2022. The results of monitoring the substances of the first WL showed that some countries had difficulties to reach an analytical Limit of Quantification (LOQ) below or equal to the Predicted No-Effect Concentrations (PNEC) or EQS. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) organised a series of workshops to support the EU Member States (MS) and their activities under the WFD. Sharing the knowledge among the Member States on the analytical methods is important to deliver good data quality. The outcome and the discussion engaged with the experts are described in this paper, and in addition a literature review of the most important publications on the analysis of 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2), amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, metaflumizone, fipronil, metformin, and guanylurea from the last years is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Loos
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | - Livia Gómez
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Ferenčík
- Povodí Labe, státní podnik, Czech Republic; Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Colzani
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luisa DellaVedova
- ARPA Lombardia, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lombardy Region, Italy
| | - Luca Amendola
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Saurini
- ARPA Lazio, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Lazio Region, Italy
| | | | - Sophie Lardy-Fontan
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), France
| | | | - Uwe Kunkel
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Germany
| | - Ola Svahn
- Kristianstad University, MoLab, Sweden
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Federal Environment Agency, Umweltbundesamt (GmbH), Austria
| | - Stefano De Martin
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Vito Gelao
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Michele Bazzichetto
- ARPA FVG, the Regional Environmental Protection Agency-Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Italy
| | - Peter Tarábek
- Water Research Institute (VÚVH), National Water Reference Laboratory, Slovakia
| | | | - Siniša Repec
- Josip Juraj Strossmayer Water Institute, Central Water Laboratory, Croatia
| | - Dzintars Zacs
- Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment "BIOR", Latvia
| | - Marina Ricci
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Geel, Belgium
| | - Oksana Golovko
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Cintia Flores
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory/Organic Pollutants, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Spain
| | | | - Riin Rebane
- Estonian Environmental Research Centre, Estonia
| | - Juan Alández Rodríguez
- Área de Vigilancia y Control de Calidad de las Aguas, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, Spain
| | - Teresa Lettieri
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, VA, Italy.
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Ciślak M, Kruszelnicka I, Zembrzuska J, Ginter-Kramarczyk D. Estrogen pollution of the European aquatic environment: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119413. [PMID: 36470046 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the plethora of chemicals released into the environment, much attention is paid to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Natural estrogens, such as estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) are excreted by humans as well as animals, and can enter the environment as a result of discharging domestic sewage and animal waste. These compounds can cause deleterious effects such as feminization, infertility and hermaphroditism in organisms that inhabit water bodies. This study provides an overview of the level of estrogen exposures in surface waters, groundwater and river sediments in European countries. The conducted review shows that estrogen concentrations were within the range of 0.1 ng L - 10 ng /L in the majority of the tested environmental samples. However, the authors of the study point out that there are still many unexplored areas and a limited amount of data that mainly concerns Eastern European countries. The study also analysed the factors that influence the increased emissions of estrogens to the environment, which may be helpful for identifying particularly polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Ciślak
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland.
| | - Izabela Kruszelnicka
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembrzuska
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
| | - Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Department of Water Supply and Bioeconomy, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Wielkopolska, Poland
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5
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Wang S, Basijokaite R, Murphy BL, Kelleher CA, Zeng T. Combining Passive Sampling with Suspect and Nontarget Screening to Characterize Organic Micropollutants in Streams Draining Mixed-Use Watersheds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16726-16736. [PMID: 36331382 PMCID: PMC9730844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic micropollutants (OMPs) represent an anthropogenic stressor on stream ecosystems. In this work, we combined passive sampling with suspect and nontarget screening enabled by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to characterize complex mixtures of OMPs in streams draining mixed-use watersheds. Suspect screening identified 122 unique OMPs for target quantification in polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab samples collected from 20 stream sites in upstate New York over two sampling seasons. Hierarchical clustering established the co-occurrence profiles of OMPs in connection with watershed attributes indicative of anthropogenic influences. Nontarget screening leveraging the time-integrative nature of POCIS and the cross-site variability in watershed attributes prioritized and confirmed 11 additional compounds that were ubiquitously present in monitored streams. Field sampling rates for 37 OMPs that simultaneously occurred in POCIS and grab samples spanned the range of 0.02 to 0.22 L/d with a median value of 0.07 L/d. Comparative analyses of the daily average loads, cumulative exposure-activity ratios, and multi-substance potentially affected fractions supported the feasibility of complementing grab sampling with POCIS for OMP load estimation and screening-level risk assessments. Overall, this work demonstrated a multi-watershed sampling and screening approach that can be adapted to assess OMP contamination in streams across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Wang
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Ruta Basijokaite
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse
University, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Bethany L. Murphy
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
| | - Christa A. Kelleher
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse
University, 204 Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United
States
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6
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z. 17α-Estradiol, an ignored endogenous natural estrogen in human: Updated estrogen metabolism pathways and its environmental risk analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154693. [PMID: 35318059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
E1 and E2 are considered as the parent natural estrogens (NEs) in human metabolism pathways of NEs, while the enantiomer of E2, αE2 was not included and ignored. In this study, αE2 along with the other eleven NEs with estrogenic activities were found in six healthy human urines with the total concentration levels of 62.9-99.3 μg/L. The concentration contributed ratios (CCRs) of αE2 to the total twelve NEs ranged from 4.7% to 11.0% with an average CCR of 7.0%. On the basis of the average CCR, αE2 was 1.5 times that of E2, which suggested that αE2 was one important NE in humans. As the main source of NEs in municipal wastewater was derived from human urine, αE2 should also be an important NE in municipal wastewater that can be proven by previous limited studies, in which the municipal effluent concentrations of αE2 ranged from not detection to 144.2 ng/L with an average concentration of 11.9 ng/L, indicating αE2 in municipal effluent was an important source to the natural environment. Although αE2 is a NE with weak estrogenic potency, the estrogenic effect of αE2 via municipal effluent to its receiving water body cannot be ignored because it can be bio-transformed into E2 under aerobic environment. This work is the first to indicate that αE2 is an ignored NE in human and its environmental risk via municipal effluent discharging cannot be ignored, which should be paid with attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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7
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Robitaille J, Denslow ND, Escher BI, Kurita-Oyamada HG, Marlatt V, Martyniuk CJ, Navarro-Martín L, Prosser R, Sanderson T, Yargeau V, Langlois VS. Towards regulation of Endocrine Disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in water resources using bioassays - A guide to developing a testing strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112483. [PMID: 34863984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are found in every environmental medium and are chemically diverse. Their presence in water resources can negatively impact the health of both human and wildlife. Currently, there are no mandatory screening mandates or regulations for EDC levels in complex water samples globally. Bioassays, which allow quantifying in vivo or in vitro biological effects of chemicals are used commonly to assess acute toxicity in water. The existing OECD framework to identify single-compound EDCs offers a set of bioassays that are validated for the Estrogen-, Androgen-, and Thyroid hormones, and for Steroidogenesis pathways (EATS). In this review, we discussed bioassays that could be potentially used to screen EDCs in water resources, including in vivo and in vitro bioassays using invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and/or mammalians species. Strengths and weaknesses of samples preparation for complex water samples are discussed. We also review how to calculate the Effect-Based Trigger values, which could serve as thresholds to determine if a given water sample poses a risk based on existing quality standards. This work aims to assist governments and regulatory agencies in developing a testing strategy towards regulation of EDCs in water resources worldwide. The main recommendations include 1) opting for internationally validated cell reporter in vitro bioassays to reduce animal use & cost; 2) testing for cell viability (a critical parameter) when using in vitro bioassays; and 3) evaluating the recovery of the water sample preparation method selected. This review also highlights future research avenues for the EDC screening revolution (e.g., 3D tissue culture, transgenic animals, OMICs, and Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robitaille
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Beate I Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas Sanderson
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, INRS, Laval, QC, Canada
| | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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8
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Tang Z, Wan YP, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Liu Y. Twelve natural estrogens in urines of swine and cattle: Concentration profiles and importance of eight less-studied. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150042. [PMID: 34525709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although four major natural estrogens (i.e., estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and 17α-estradiol (αE2)) have been commonly found in livestock urine, this study reports the occurrence of eight other less-studied natural estrogens in urine of swine and cattle, i.e. 2-hydroxyestone (2OHE1), 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2), 16-epiestriol (16epiE3), 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αE1), 16-ketoestradiol (16ketoE2), and 17epiestriol (17epiE3). Results showed that each estrogen was found in at least one urine sample, and 6 of 8 the less-studied estrogens were present at frequencies of ≥90% in boars, ≥70% in sows, and ≥50% in dairy cattle. Five of eight the less-studied estrogens were present at frequencies of ≥33.3% in four beef cattle and one bull. On a concentration basis, the 8 less-studied natural estrogens represented 73.2%, 85.2%, 39.9%, 47.7%, 26.9%, 56.0% and 44.1% of total concentrations of the twelve natural estrogens when combining data from all animals. Similar results were observed based on estrogen equivalence, which indicated these newly detected eight less-studied natural estrogens were not negligible. This work is the first to figure out the importance of these less-studied natural estrogens in livestock urine, and their potential environmental risks associated with discharge of livestock wastewater should be urgently assessed in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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9
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Wang S, Huo Z, Gu J, Xu G. Benzophenones and synthetic progestin in wastewater and sediment from farms, WWTPs and receiving surface water: distribution, sources, and ecological risks. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31766-31775. [PMID: 35496845 PMCID: PMC9041579 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05333g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Farms and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of endocrine disruptors, which may have potential adverse effects on the nearby receiving river and potential human health risks. Benzophenone (BPs) and synthetic progestin were determined in water and sediment samples of the discharge source and receiving river. BPs and synthetic progestin ranged from not detected (N.D.) to 400.53 ng L−1 in water samples and from N.D. to 359.92 ng g−1 dw in sediment, respectively, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and ethinyl estradiol (EE2) were the main detected objects. Correlation analysis showed that pollutants discharged from livestock farms were the main contributor to the receiving river. The distribution of pollutants in different regions was related to higher population density and livestock activities. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were investigated for ecological risk assessment in the study area, and 86% of the samples exceeded the baseline value of chronic toxicity. Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-OH-BP) and benzophenone (BP) were identified as the main substances that caused medium risk in the aquatic ecosystem. Therefore, BPs and synthetic progesterone should be given more attention in the future. The occurrence, source and ecological risk of BPs and synthetic progestin in farms, WWTPs and their receiving river were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Zhuhao Huo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Gu
- Institute of Applied Radiation of Shanghai, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China .,Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering, Ministry of Education Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
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10
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Tang Z, Liu ZH, Wang H, Dang Z, Liu Y. A review of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) in surface water across 32 countries: Sources, concentrations, and potential estrogenic effects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112804. [PMID: 34023789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen with very strong estrogenic potency. Due to its wide usage in human and livestock as well as its high recalcitration to biodegradation, it was ubiquitous in different environment. This review summarized EE2 concentration levels in surface waters among 32 countries across seven continents. EE2 concentrations varied greatly in different surface waters, which ranged from not detected to 17,112 ng/L. The top 10 countries ranked in the order of high to low average EE2 concentration in surface water, were Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Laos, Brazil, Argentina, Kuwait, Thailand, Indonesia and Portugal, with the respective mean concentrations of 27.7, 22.1, 21.5, 21.1, 13.6, 9.6, 9.5, 8.8, 7.6 and 6.6 ng/L. Generally speaking, the EE2 concentration levels in surface waters in developing countries were much higher than those in developed countries. EE2 in effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was the dominant source to most countries, which suggested that improving the EE2 removal performance of municipal WWTP is the key to mitigate EE2 contamination to surface water body. Livestock, hospital, pharmacy factory and aquaculture wastewaters were also the important sources, but further work should be performed to elucidate their contribution. Evaluation based on estrogenic effects, the EE2-derived estrogen equivalence in surface waters ranged from 0 to 33 ng E2/L, among which about 65% of surface waters among 32 countries were at risk or high risk, indicating global serious EE2 contamination. MAIN FINDING: EE2 concentration in surface waters across 32 countries were summarized, along which its potential estrogenic effects were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Lab Pollution Control & Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Cluster, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environment Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
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11
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Alvarez DA, Corsi SR, De Cicco LA, Villeneuve DL, Baldwin AK. Identifying Chemicals and Mixtures of Potential Biological Concern Detected in Passive Samplers from Great Lakes Tributaries Using High-Throughput Data and Biological Pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2165-2182. [PMID: 34003517 PMCID: PMC8361951 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Waterborne contaminants were monitored in 69 tributaries of the Laurentian Great Lakes in 2010 and 2014 using semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS). A risk-based screening approach was used to prioritize chemicals and chemical mixtures, identify sites at greatest risk for biological impacts, and identify potential hazards to monitor at those sites. Analyses included 185 chemicals (143 detected) including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), legacy and current-use pesticides, fire retardants, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Hazard quotients were calculated by dividing detected concentrations by biological effect concentrations reported in the ECOTOX Knowledgebase (toxicity quotients) or ToxCast database (exposure-activity ratios [EARs]). Mixture effects were estimated by summation of EAR values for chemicals that influence ToxCast assays with common gene targets. Nineteen chemicals-atrazine, N,N-diethyltoluamide, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, dl-menthol, galaxolide, p-tert-octylphenol, 3 organochlorine pesticides, 3 PAHs, 4 pharmaceuticals, and 3 phosphate flame retardants-had toxicity quotients >0.1 or EARs for individual chemicals >10-3 at 10% or more of the sites monitored. An additional 4 chemicals (tributyl phosphate, triethyl citrate, benz[a]anthracene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene) were present in mixtures with EARs >10-3 . To evaluate potential apical effects and biological endpoints to monitor in exposed wildlife, in vitro bioactivity data were compared to adverse outcome pathway gene ontology information. Endpoints and effects associated with endocrine disruption, alterations in xenobiotic metabolism, and potentially neuronal development would be relevant to monitor at the priority sites. The EAR threshold exceedance for many chemical classes was correlated with urban land cover and wastewater effluent influence, whereas herbicides and fire retardants were also correlated to agricultural land cover. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2165-2182. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Alvarez
- Columbia Environmental Research CenterUS Geological SurveyColumbiaMissouri
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- Upper Midwest Science CenterUS Geological SurveyMiddletonWisconsin
| | | | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology DivisionUS Environmental Protection AgencyDuluthMinnesota
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12
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Rechsteiner D, Wettstein FE, Pfeiffer N, Hollender J, Bucheli TD. Natural estrogen emissions to subsurface tile drains from experimental grassland fields in Switzerland after application of livestock slurries and free compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146351. [PMID: 33743455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural estrogens are present in high concentrations in livestock slurries, which are often applied to agricultural fields in large quantities. As such, the export of slurry-derived natural estrogens from tile-drained fields is a potential source for estrogenic pollution in surface waters. Yet despite the abundance of tile-drained fields in Central Europe, export of natural estrogens from agricultural fields receiving livestock slurries is rarely studied in this region. In an effort to fill this knowledge gap, here we applied natural estrogens to Swiss experimental fields in the form of cattle slurry, pig slurry or dissolved in water, and quantified them in flow-proportionally collected drainage water over 18 months. After pig and cattle slurry applications, concentration maxima in drainage water of 73, 8, 37, and 60 ng L-1 for 17α-estradiol (E2α), 17β-estradiol (E2β), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3), respectively, were observed shortly after rain events. The exported fractions of individual natural estrogens to tile drains were on average 0.26% (ranging from 0.08 to 0.41%) after cattle, and 0.18% (0.03-0.40%) after pig slurry applications. Such numbers were higher than expected from the leaching potential based on substance properties, and comparable to those of more mobile micropollutants previously studied on the same fields. Natural estrogens were mainly exported to tile drains through preferential flow. Exported fractions were lower when applied in aqueous solution than when applied in slurry, pointing to particle-facilitated transport to tile drains when applied in slurry. In Switzerland, the estimated 6.3, 0.6, 7.4, and 7.7 g of E2α, E2β, E1, and E3, respectively, exported through the tile-drained agricultural area per year contribute little to the total natural estrogen load received by surface waters. However, after slurry applications in highly drained catchments, natural estrogen emissions to tile drains can cause short term (i.e. less than 1 week) estrogenic exposure in nearby streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rechsteiner
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix E Wettstein
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Pfeiffer
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Environmental Chemistry, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas D Bucheli
- Environmental Analytics, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Smalling KL, Devereux OH, Gordon SE, Phillips PJ, Blazer VS, Hladik ML, Kolpin DW, Meyer MT, Sperry AJ, Wagner T. Environmental and anthropogenic drivers of contaminants in agricultural watersheds with implications for land management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145687. [PMID: 33609846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
If not managed properly, modern agricultural practices can alter surface and groundwater quality and drinking water resources resulting in potential negative effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Exposure to agriculturally derived contaminant mixtures has the potential to alter habitat quality and negatively affect fish and other aquatic organisms. Implementation of conservation practices focused on improving water quality continues to increase particularly in agricultural landscapes throughout the United States. The goal of this study was to determine the consequences of land management actions on the primary drivers of contaminant mixtures in five agricultural watersheds in the Chesapeake Bay, the largest watershed of the Atlantic Seaboard in North America where fish health issues have been documented for two decades. Surface water was collected and analyzed for 301 organic contaminants to determine the benefits of implemented best management practices (BMPs) designed to reduce nutrients and sediment to streams in also reducing contaminants in surface waters. Of the contaminants measured, herbicides (atrazine, metolachlor), phytoestrogens (formononetin, genistein, equol), cholesterol and total estrogenicity (indicator of estrogenic response) were detected frequently enough to statistically compare to seasonal flow effects, landscape variables and BMP intensity. Contaminant concentrations were often positively correlated with seasonal stream flow, although the magnitude of this effect varied by contaminant across seasons and sites. Land-use and other less utilized landscape variables including biosolids, manure and pesticide application and percent phytoestrogen producing crops were inversely related with site-average contaminant concentrations. Increased BMP intensity was negatively related to contaminant concentrations indicating potential co-benefits of BMPs for contaminant reduction in the studied watersheds. The information gained from this study will help prioritize ecologically relevant contaminant mixtures for monitoring and contributes to understanding the benefits of BMPs on improving surface water quality to better manage living resources in agricultural landscapes inside and outside the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey New Jersey Water Science Center, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
| | | | - Stephanie E Gordon
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - Patrick J Phillips
- U.S. Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey California Water Science Center Sacramento, CA 95819, USA.
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center Iowa City, IA 52240, USA.
| | - Michael T Meyer
- U.S. Geological Survey Kansas Water Science Center, Lawrence, KS 66046, USA.
| | - Adam J Sperry
- U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Pennsylvania State University, 402 Forest Resources Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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14
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Zhang H, Cui Z, Yang B, Fang D, Liu Y, Wang Z. Integrated recombinant gene yeast bioassay and HPLC-MS analysis for detection of low-dose multi-component residue of hormone-like compounds in environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145569. [PMID: 33592471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Illegal addition of low-dose multi-component residue of hormone-like compounds have sprung up in human activities and production as a cunning strategy to escape from sanitation monitoring, sowing a horrible seed for accidents in food security. Hence, combined strategies with accuracy and efficiency are urgently needed to overcome current circumstance and practical hurdles. Herein, an integrated analysis that compromises recombinant gene yeast bioassay (V400E-YES) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) determination was developed promptly with distinguishing advantage as optimized V400E-YES provides a sum of hormone-like compounds in sample, and subsequent HPLC-MS analysis can accurately quantify the concentration of compounds. In terms of V400E-YES, large-scale random mutagenesis was performed to obtain higher sensitivity hormone receptors. Excitingly, single mutation of estrogen receptor (ER) at V400E and amphimutation of androgen receptor (AR) at G581R/D831E conferred the highest detection sensitivity with a more than 10-fold increase. Subsequently, sensitive HPLC-MS methods for simultaneous detection of eleven estrogens and nine androgens, respectively, were well-constructed. Utilizing this integrated and validated methods, we successfully investigated the hormone residue in environmental samples from farms in Jiangsu, China. Collectively, with multiple estrogens and androgens residue are being widely detected in soil and sewage samples, the feasibility of this method is highlighted, as well as the increasing lurking peril of hormone-like substance residues in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zihe Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bingqing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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15
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Ayodeji OJ, Awoyemi OM. Beef cattle feedlot surface water containing multi-class agrochemicals elicits physiological and behavioral responses among Daphnia pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:414. [PMID: 34117952 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing public concern about air and water pollution risks posed by concentrated animal feeding operation areas (CAFOs), there is little information about bioavailability and ecosystem impacts of agrochemicals used to increase productivity. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of wastewaters originating from beef cattle feeding operation on Daphnia pulex. Specifically, we assessed lethal and chronic sublethal exposure effects using various endpoints including survival, oxygen consumption, morphology, reproduction, and swimming behavior. Exposure assessments (acute and chronic) were performed with ten (10) surface water samples collected from on-site retention ponds designated as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, and R (reference site). Surface water samples were diluted to yield five concentrations (stock, 1 × , 2 × , 3 × , and 4 ×) as treatments and deionized water was used as control. Results showed site-specific and concentration-related effects on toxicity endpoints. Among treatments, significant (p < 0.05) increase in mortality rate (for A, E, F, and H) and decreasing total body length and width (for B, C, D, and G) of D. pulex were observed with increasing wastewater concentration. However, treatments did not have significant effect on swimming behavior (average speed) after exposure to the wastewater samples from all sites except for site E. Evidence from this study suggested that surface waters near beef cattle feed yards affected physiological responses in D. pulex and therefore may similarly affect organisms in the surrounding aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode J Ayodeji
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA.
| | - Olushola M Awoyemi
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79416, USA
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16
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Chakraborty P, Shappell NW, Mukhopadhyay M, Onanong S, Rex KR, Snow D. Surveillance of plasticizers, bisphenol A, steroids and caffeine in surface water of River Ganga and Sundarban wetland along the Bay of Bengal: occurrence, sources, estrogenicity screening and ecotoxicological risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116668. [PMID: 33285458 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transboundary River Ganga serves as a conduit for meltwater from the Himalayas and is a major freshwater source for two thirds of Indian population before emptying into the Sundarban Delta, the largest estuary in the Bay of Bengal. Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and bisphenol A (BPA) used as organic plastic additives can pollute the aquatic environment receiving plastic litter. Hence, we have investigated these EDCs in water samples from Ganga and Sundarban wetland of India. Since these compounds exhibit estrogenic potential, we have further measured steroids and evaluated the estrogenic activity (estradiol equivalents, BioE2Eqs) using an in-vitro bioassay (E-Screen). Further BioE2Eqs were compared with the sum of predicted estradiol equivalents based on the chemical concentrations of PAEs and BPA by E-Screen (ChemE2Eq) and YES factors (ChemYES). Caffeine was measured as a marker for anthropogenic wastewater discharge. Results showed that the highest BioE2Eq (below the lowest observable effect of E2 on fish) was associated with sites having sewer outfalls in the middle stretch of the river, and concomitantly coinciding with the elevated concentrations of caffeine. Neither ChemE2Eq nor ChemYES correlated with measured BioE2Eqs. River concentrations of BPA (0.04-4.46 µg/L) and ∑7plasticizers (0.43-7.63 µg/L) were higher than BPA (0.21-2.82 µg/L) and ∑7plasticizers (0.85-2 µg/L) in the Sundarban wetland. The only steroids detected were androgens, found at four sites in Ganga (0.007 µg/L± 0.003, mean ± S.D.). The highest estimated ecotoxicological risk to aquatic insect and fish stemmed from BPA. A secondary effect, and a potential impact on human health could be reflected via fish consumption from the productive fisheries region along the lower stretch of River Ganga. Identification of areas of elevated estrogenicity, plasticizer and steroid concentrations in River Ganga can be used to design and implement interventions for the remediation of such emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paromita Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India; SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| | - Nancy W Shappell
- Retired from Agricultural Research Service, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1616 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58102, United States
| | - Moitraiyee Mukhopadhyay
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sathaporn Onanong
- Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 United States
| | - K Ronnie Rex
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Daniel Snow
- Water Sciences Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 United States
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17
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Kassotis CD, Harkness JS, Vo PH, Vu DC, Hoffman K, Cinnamon KM, Cornelius-Green JN, Vengosh A, Lin CH, Tillitt DE, Kruse RL, McElroy JA, Nagel SC. Endocrine disrupting activities and geochemistry of water resources associated with unconventional oil and gas activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142236. [PMID: 33039138 PMCID: PMC7772064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The rise of hydraulic fracturing and unconventional oil and gas (UOG) exploration in the United States has increased public concerns for water contamination induced from hydraulic fracturing fluids and associated wastewater spills. Herein, we collected surface and groundwater samples across Garfield County, Colorado, a drilling-dense region, and measured endocrine bioactivities, geochemical tracers of UOG wastewater, UOG-related organic contaminants in surface water, and evaluated UOG drilling production (weighted well scores, nearby well count, reported spills) surrounding sites. Elevated antagonist activities for the estrogen, androgen, progesterone, and glucocorticoid receptors were detected in surface water and associated with nearby shale gas well counts and density. The elevated endocrine activities were observed in surface water associated with medium and high UOG production (weighted UOG well score-based groups). These bioactivities were generally not associated with reported spills nearby, and often did not exhibit geochemical profiles associated with UOG wastewater from this region. Our results suggest the potential for releases of low-saline hydraulic fracturing fluids or chemicals used in other aspects of UOG production, similar to the chemistry of the local water, and dissimilar from defined spills of post-injection wastewater. Notably, water collected from certain medium and high UOG production sites exhibited bioactivities well above the levels known to impact the health of aquatic organisms, suggesting that further research to assess potential endocrine activities of UOG operations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer S Harkness
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, 6000 J Street, Placer Hall, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Phuc H Vo
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Danh C Vu
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Faculty of Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Katelyn M Cinnamon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jennifer N Cornelius-Green
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Avner Vengosh
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chung-Ho Lin
- Center for Agroforestry, School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Robin L Kruse
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jane A McElroy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Susan C Nagel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Du B, Fan G, Yu W, Yang S, Zhou J, Luo J. Occurrence and risk assessment of steroid estrogens in environmental water samples: A five-year worldwide perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115405. [PMID: 33618485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of steroid estrogens (SEs) in the aquatic environment has raised global concern for their potential environmental impacts. This paper extensively compiled and reviewed the available occurrence data of SEs, namely estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), based on 145 published articles in different regions all over the world including 51 countries and regions during January 2015-March 2020. The data regarding SEs concentrations and estimated 17β-estradiol equivalency (EEQ) values are then compared and analyzed in different environmental matrices, including natural water body, drinking and tap water, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The detection frequencies of E1, 17β-E2, and E3 between the ranges of 53%-83% in natural water and WWTPs effluent, and the concentration of SEs varied considerably in different countries and regions. The applicability for EEQ estimation via multiplying relative effect potency (REPi) by chemical analytical data, as well as correlation between EEQbio and EEQcal was also discussed. The risk quotient (RQ) values were on the descending order of EE2 > 17β-E2 > E1 > 17α-E2 > E3 in the great majority of investigations. Furthermore, E1, 17β-E2, and EE2 exhibited high or medium risks in water environmental samples via optimized risk quotient (RQf) approach at the continental-scale. This overview provides the latest insights on the global occurrence and ecological impacts of SEs and may act as a supportive tool for future SEs investigation and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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19
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Rechsteiner D, Wettstein FE, Warren BP, Vermeirssen ELM, Simon E, Schneider MK, Hollender J, Bucheli TD. Natural estrogens in surface waters of a catchment with intensive livestock farming in Switzerland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2244-2255. [PMID: 33034330 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural estrogens such as 17α-estradiol (E2α), 17β-estradiol (E2β), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3), released to surface waters from both urban and agricultural sources, are endocrine disrupting for fish. Here, we assess the prevalence of livestock farming derived natural estrogens in tributaries and ponds in the agriculturally dominated catchment of Lake Baldegg, Switzerland. Passive samplers were deployed in the main tributary and daily time-proportional water samples were collected in five tributaries for 30 days at the beginning of the vegetation period. Furthermore, we took grab samples of 12 ponds in the catchment. Aqueous samples were liquid-liquid extracted, derivatized, and analysed with LC-MS/MS and stream water samples additionally with ERα-CALUX, a bioassay for assessing total estrogenic activity. Natural estrogens were regularly detected, with mean concentrations ranging from below the limit of detection to 0.55 ng L-1 for E2β and E1, respectively, and passive sampling and bioassay results largely confirmed these findings. Monte Carlo simulated mean natural estrogen concentrations underestimated measured ones by a factor of three to 11. An agricultural area's hydrological contribution and connectivity to surface waters seemed to be more important for the development of estrogen concentrations in streams than livestock densities in a catchment or the actual loads of slurry applied. Pond water occasionally contained natural estrogens in concentrations up to 8.6 ng L-1 for E2α. The environmental quality standards of the European Union (0.4 ng L-1 for E2β and 3.6 ng L-1 for E1) were never exceeded for longer than a day in tributaries, but E1 reached critical concentrations for aquatic organisms in ponds.
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20
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Tapper MA, Kolanczyk RC, LaLone CA, Denny JS, Ankley GT. Conversion of Estrone to 17β-Estradiol: A Potential Confounding Factor in Assessing Risks of Environmental Estrogens to Fish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2028-2040. [PMID: 33448467 PMCID: PMC8015245 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Feminization of male fish and the role of endocrine-active chemicals in this phenomenon has been an area of intense study for many years. Estrone (E1), a natural steroid, is found in aquatic environments sometimes at high concentrations relative to the estrogenic steroids 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethynylestradiol. However, E1 has been less thoroughly studied than E2 or 17α-ethynylestradiol due in part to a relatively lower potency in metabolically limited estrogen receptor (ER) binding/activation assays. Recent evidence suggests that in vivo biotransformation of E1 to E2 may occur in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) residing in environments with high concentrations of E1, such as near wastewater treatment plants. The enzymes likely responsible for this biotransformation, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17βHSDs), have been well characterized in mammals but to a lesser extent in fish species. In the present study, a novel systematic analysis of amino acid sequence data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database demonstrated that multiple 17βHSD isoforms are conserved across different fish species. Experimentally, we showed that metabolically active hepatic cytosolic preparations from 2 commercially important salmonid species, rainbow trout and lake trout, biotransformed E1 to E2 to a degree sufficient to alter results of competitive ER binding assays. These results from in silico and in vitro analyses indicate that E1 and biotransformation may play a significant role in adverse effects on development and reproduction of a variety of fish species in contaminated aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2028-2040. Published 2020. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tapper
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard C Kolanczyk
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Denny
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gerald T Ankley
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Hubbard LE, Givens CE, Griffin DW, Iwanowicz LR, Meyer MT, Kolpin DW. Poultry litter as potential source of pathogens and other contaminants in groundwater and surface water proximal to large-scale confined poultry feeding operations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139459. [PMID: 32485450 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manure from livestock production has been associated with the contamination of water resources. To date, research has primarily focused on runoff of these contaminants from animal operations into surface water, and the introduction of poultry-derived pathogenic zoonoses and other contaminants into groundwater is under-investigated. We characterized pathogens and other microbial and chemical contaminants in poultry litter, groundwater, and surface water near confined poultry feeding operations (chicken layer, turkey) at 9 locations in Iowa and one in Wisconsin from May and June 2016. Results indicate that poultry litter from large-scale poultry confined feeding operations is a likely source of environmental contamination and that groundwater is also susceptible to such poultry-derived contamination. Poultry litter, groundwater, and surface water samples had detections of viable bacteria growth (Salmonella spp., enterococci, staphylococci, lactobacilli), multi-drug resistant Salmonella DT104 flost and int genes, F+ RNA coliphage (group I and IV), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs; blaDHA, blaOXA-48, blaTEM, blaCMY-2, tetM), phytoestrogens (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin), and a progestin (progesterone). In addition, mcr-1 (a colistin ARG), was detected in a groundwater sample and in another groundwater sample, antibiotic resistant isolates were positive for Brevibacterium spp., a potential signature of poultry in the environment. Detectable estrogenicity was not measured in poultry litter, but was observed in 67% of the surface water samples and 22% were above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency trigger level of 1 ng/L. The transport of microbial pathogens to groundwater was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the transport of trace organic contaminants to groundwater in this study. In addition to viable pathogens, several clinically important ARGs were detected in litter, groundwater, and surface water, highlighting the need for additional research on sources of these contaminants in livestock dominated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Hubbard
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 8505 Research Way, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - C E Givens
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 5840 Enterprise Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, USA
| | - D W Griffin
- U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, 600 4th Street South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - L R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - M T Meyer
- U.S. Geological Survey, Kansas Water Science Center, 1217 Biltmore Drive, Lawrence, KS 66049, USA
| | - D W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Science Center, 400 South Clinton Street Suite 269, Iowa City, IA 52240, USA
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22
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Gravell A, Fones GR, Greenwood R, Mills GA. Detection of pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluents-a comparison of the performance of Chemcatcher® and polar organic compound integrative sampler. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:27995-28005. [PMID: 32405945 PMCID: PMC7334249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemcatcher® and POCIS passive sampling devices are widely used for monitoring polar organic pollutants in water. Chemcatcher® uses a bound Horizon Atlantic™ HLB-L sorbent disk as receiving phase, whilst the POCIS uses the same material in the form of loose powder. Both devices (n = 3) were deployed for 21 days in the final effluent at three wastewater treatment plants in South Wales, UK. Following deployment, sampler extracts were analysed using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified using an in-house database of pharmaceuticals using a metabolomics workflow. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in all samplers. For the POCIS, substantial losses of sorbent (11-51%) were found during deployment and subsequent laboratory analysis, necessitating the use of a recovery factor. Percentage relative standard deviations varied (with 10 compounds exceeding 30% in both samplers) between individual compounds and between samplers deployed at the three sites. The relative performance of the two devices was evaluated using the mass of analyte sequestered, measured as an integrated peak area. The ratio of the uptake of the pharmaceuticals for the POCIS versus Chemcatcher® was lower (1.84x) than would be expected on the basis of the ratio of active sampling areas (3.01x) of the two devices. The lower than predicted uptake may be attributable to the loose sorbent material moving inside the POCIS when deployed in the field in the vertical plane. In order to overcome this, it is recommended to deploy the POCIS horizontally inside the deployment cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gravell
- Natural Resources Wales, Faraday Building, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK.
| | - Richard Greenwood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Graham A Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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23
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Serra H, Brion F, Chardon C, Budzinski H, Schulze T, Brack W, Aït-Aïssa S. Estrogenic activity of surface waters using zebrafish- and human-based in vitro assays: The Danube as a case-study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:103401. [PMID: 32417722 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most in vitro reporter gene assays used to assess estrogenic contamination are based on human estrogen receptor α (hERα) activation. However, fish bioassays can have distinct response to estrogenic chemicals and mixtures, questioning the relevance of human-based bioassays for assessing risk to this species. In this study, zebrafish liver cells stably expressing zebrafish ERβ2 (ZELHβ2) and human breast cancer cells expressing hERα (MELN) were used to quantify the estrogenic activity of 25 surface water samples of the Danube River, for which chemicals have been previously quantified. Most samples had a low estrogenic activity below 0.1 ng/L 17β-estradiol-equivalents that was more often detected by MELN cells, while ZELHβ2 response tend to be lower than predicted based on the chemicals identified. Nevertheless, both bioassays quantified well a higher estrogenic activity at two sites, which was confirmed in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish assay. The results are discussed considering the effect-based trigger values proposed for water quality monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Serra
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; UMR-CNRS EPOC/LPTC, Université de Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - François Brion
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Clémence Chardon
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Selim Aït-Aïssa
- Unité Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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24
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Brennan JC, Gale RW, Alvarez DA, Berninger JP, Leet JK, Li Y, Wagner T, Tillitt DE. Factors Affecting Sampling Strategies for Design of an Effects-Directed Analysis for Endocrine-Active Chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:1309-1324. [PMID: 32362034 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Effects-directed analysis (EDA) is an important tool for identifying unknown bioactive components in a complex mixture. Such an analysis of endocrine-active chemicals (EACs) from water sources has promising regulatory implications but also unique logistical challenges. We propose a conceptual EDA (framework) based on a critical review of EDA literature and concentrations of common EACs in waste and surface waters. Required water volumes for identification of EACs under this EDA framework were estimated based on bioassay performance (in vitro and in vivo bioassays), limits of quantification by mass spectrometry (MS), and EAC water concentrations. Sample volumes for EDA across the EACs showed high variation in the bioassay detectors, with genistein, bisphenol A, and androstenedione requiring very high sample volumes and ethinylestradiol and 17β-trenbolone requiring low sample volumes. Sample volume based on the MS detector was far less variable across the EACs. The EDA framework equation was rearranged to calculate detector "thresholds," and these thresholds were compared with the literature EAC water concentrations to evaluate the feasibility of the EDA framework. In the majority of instances, feasibility of the EDA was limited by the bioassay, not MS detection. Mixed model analysis showed that the volumes required for a successful EDA were affected by the potentially responsible EAC, detection methods, and the water source type, with detection method having the greatest effect on the EDA of estrogens and androgens. The EDA framework, equation, and model we present provide a valuable tool for designing a successful EDA. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1309-1324. © 2020 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Brennan
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert W Gale
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - David A Alvarez
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jason P Berninger
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jessica K Leet
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yan Li
- North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries, North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tyler Wagner
- Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Geological Survey, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Donald E Tillitt
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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25
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Korn VR, Ward JL, Edmiston PL, Schoenfuss HL. Temperature-Dependent Biomarkers of Estrogenic Exposure in a Piscivore Freshwater Fish. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:156-166. [PMID: 32266455 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of endocrine-active compounds and increasing water temperatures as a result of climate change have been studied extensively and independently, but there is a dearth of research to examine the combined effect of these factors on exposed organisms. Recent data suggest that estrogenic exposure and rising ambient temperatures independently impact predator-prey relationships. However, establishing these connections in natural settings is complex. These obstacles can be circumvented if biomarkers of estrogenic exposure in resident fish can predict changes in predator-prey relationships. To test the effects of estrone and temperature, the piscivore bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was exposed for 30 days to estrone at concentrations (90 ± 17.6 ng/L [mean ± standard deviation] and 414 ± 146 ng/L) previously shown to reduce prey-capture success. Exposures were conducted at four temperatures (15 °C, 18 °C, 21 °C, 24 °C) to simulate breeding season ambient temperatures across the natural range of this species. A suite of morphological and physiological biomarkers previously linked to estrogenic exposures were examined. Biomarkers of estrone exposure were more commonly and severely impacted in male fish than in female fish. Notably, the gonadosomatic index was lower and gonads were less mature in exposed males. Additionally, temperature modulated the effects of estrone similarly in males and females with fish exposed at higher temperatures typically exhibiting a decreased morphological index. This study provides evidence that alterations in hepatic function and gonadal function may cause shifts in metabolism and energy allocation that may lead to declining prey capture performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Korn
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA
| | - J L Ward
- Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | | | - H L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, St. Cloud State University, WSB-273, 720 Fourth Avenue South, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, USA.
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26
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Bonfoh SI, Li D, Xiong X, Du Z, Xiong C, Jiang H. Novel PEP-PAN@PSF rods extraction of EDCs in environmental water, sediment, and fish homogenate followed by pre-column derivatization and UHPLC-MS/MS detection. Talanta 2020; 210:120661. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Havens SM, Hedman CJ, Hemming JDC, Mieritz MG, Shafer MM, Schauer JJ. Occurrence of estrogens, androgens and progestogens and estrogenic activity in surface water runoff from beef and dairy manure amended crop fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136247. [PMID: 31923660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hormone contamination of aquatic systems has been shown to cause reproductive impairment of aquatic organisms. To assess to what extent beef and dairy farms represent a source of hormones to the aquatic environment, surface water runoff samples from three beef and dairy farms that utilize best manure management practices were evaluated for hormone concentrations (estrogens, androgens, progestogens) and estrogenic activity. Runoff was collected from weirs at the edge of each of six study fields from March 2008 to March 2010 and was analyzed for hormone concentrations using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and for estrogenic activity using the E-screen bioassay. The majority of runoff events occurred in February and March when the soil was frozen. Progesterone and 4-androstenedione were the most frequently detected hormones (63% and 50%, respectively) and occurred at event loads up to 49,000 μg/ha and 26,000 μg/ha, respectively. Progesterone, 4-androstenedione, 17α-estradiol had the highest event load concentrations and were found at the field that sustained dairy cattle grazing during the winter and were likely due to application of excreta on frozen soil. The high progesterone event loads could lead to concentrations in receiving streams that exceed the lowest observable effects concentrations for fish. There was a consistent association with the elevated zearalenone presence and corn production. The synthetic hormones, 17α-trenbolone and 17β-trenbolone, were not detected in runoff from the beef farm that utilized trenbolone acetate implants, which is likely due to their short half lives. Estrogenic activity in runoff samples ranged from 0.09 to 133 ng/L estradiol equivalents, with 39% of runoff events exceeding the 2 ng/L predicted-no-effect-concentration for fish. These results indicate that grazing cattle and application of manure to frozen fields present the greatest risk to elevated hormones in runoff and that progesterone is the primary hormone of concern from beef and dairy operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya M Havens
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America.
| | - Curtis J Hedman
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn D C Hemming
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, United States of America
| | - Mark G Mieritz
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, United States of America
| | - Martin M Shafer
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, United States of America
| | - James J Schauer
- University of Wisconsin - Madison, Environmental Chemistry and Technology, 680 North Park Street, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, Environmental Health Division, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI 53718, United States of America
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28
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Endocrine Disruptors in Water and Their Effects on the Reproductive System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061929. [PMID: 32178293 PMCID: PMC7139484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic contaminants in water can impose risks to reproductive health. Most of these compounds are known to be endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs can impact the endocrine system and subsequently impair the development and fertility of non-human animals and humans. The source of chemical contamination in water is diverse, originating from byproducts formed during water disinfection processes, release from industry and livestock activity, or therapeutic drugs released into sewage. This review discusses the occurrence of EDCs in water such as disinfection byproducts, fluorinated compounds, bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and estrogens, and it outlines their adverse reproductive effects in non-human animals and humans.
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29
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Berninger JP, DeMarini DM, Warren SH, Simmons JE, Wilson VS, Conley JM, Armstrong MD, Iwanowicz LR, Kolpin DW, Kuivila KM, Reilly TJ, Romanok KM, Villeneuve DL, Bradley PM. Predictive Analysis Using Chemical-Gene Interaction Networks Consistent with Observed Endocrine Activity and Mutagenicity of U.S. Streams. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8611-8620. [PMID: 31287672 PMCID: PMC6770991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In a recent U.S. Geological Survey/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study assessing more than 700 organic compounds in 38 streams, in vitro assays indicated generally low estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptor activities, with 13 surface waters with 17β-estradiol-equivalent (E2Eq) activities greater than a 1-ng/L estimated effects-based trigger value for estrogenic effects in male fish. Among the 36 samples assayed for mutagenicity in the Salmonella bioassay (reported here), 25% had low mutagenic activity and 75% were not mutagenic. Endocrine and mutagenic activities of the water samples were well correlated with each other and with the total number and cumulative concentrations of detected chemical contaminants. To test the predictive utility of knowledge-base-leveraging approaches, site-specific predicted chemical-gene (pCGA) and predicted analogous pathway-linked (pPLA) association networks identified in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were compared with observed endocrine/mutagenic bioactivities. We evaluated pCGA/pPLA patterns among sites by cluster analysis and principal component analysis and grouped the pPLA into broad mode-of-action classes. Measured E2eq and mutagenic activities correlated well with predicted pathways. The pPLA analysis also revealed correlations with signaling, metabolic, and regulatory groups, suggesting that other effects pathways may be associated with chemical contaminants in these waters and indicating the need for broader bioassay coverage to assess potential adverse impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Berninger
- Columbia Environmental Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - David M. DeMarini
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Sarah H. Warren
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Jane Ellen Simmons
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Vickie S. Wilson
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Justin M. Conley
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Mikayla D. Armstrong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- Leetown Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- Central Midwest Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Kathryn M. Kuivila
- Oregon Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Timothy J. Reilly
- New Jersey Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Kristin M. Romanok
- New Jersey Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Paul M. Bradley
- South Atlantic Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
- Corresponding author: Phone 803-727-9046;
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30
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Godlewska K, Stepnowski P, Paszkiewicz M. Application of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Isolation of Environmental Micropollutants – A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1565983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Godlewska
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Paszkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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31
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Chen J, Liu YS, Deng WJ, Ying GG. Removal of steroid hormones and biocides from rural wastewater by an integrated constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:358-365. [PMID: 30640104 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones and biocides are regarded as emerging contaminants in rural wastewater in China, owing to their widespread occurrence and adverse effects on both aquatic organisms and humans. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are an alternative technology for cost-effective and efficient decentralized rural sewage treatment. In this study, an integrated constructed wetland (ICW) system was built and used to treat a typical rural wastewater mixture composed of domestic sewage and livestock wastewater from a small village. As expected, five steroid hormones (ADD, AED, 19-NTD, T, and P) and four biocides (DEET, TCS, CBD, and MP) were detected in the influent in concentrations ranging from 30.5 ± 1.25 ng/L to 105 ± 5.14 ng/L and from 63.4 ± 2.85 ng/L to 515 ± 19.7 ng/L, respectively. The ICW system effectively removed the detected steroid hormones (97.4 ± 0.09%) and biocides (92.4 ± 0.54%). Based on the measured concentrations, the total pollution loadings of the detected steroid hormones and biocides in the influent were calculated to be 2330 ± 26.5 μg/day and 5710 ± 196 μg/day, which decreased to 60.8 ± 1.44 μg/day and 433 ± 25.6 μg/day in the final effluent. The risk quotients for these steroid hormones and biocides in the effluent from the ICW system were lower than those from reported wastewater treatment plants, indicating that CWs are a promising technology for removing contaminants including steroid hormones and biocides in rural wastewater, although additional efforts are required to optimize and improve the design of CWs before the steroid hormones and biocides present in the effluent can be safely and directly discharged into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jing Deng
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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32
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He P, Matich EK, Yonkos LT, Friedman AE, Atilla-Gokcumen GE, Aga DS. Mass spectrometry based detection of common vitellogenin peptides across fish species for assessing exposure to estrogenic compounds in aquatic environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:400-408. [PMID: 30055500 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The identification of myriad of chemicals in the environment that mimic hormones and affect the endocrine functions of exposed organism is a daunting analytical challenge for environmental scientists and engineers. Many of these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present at very low concentrations in the aquatic systems, but yet affect the metabolic, developmental, and reproductive functions in exposed fish and wildlife. Vitellogenin (VTG) protein is a widely used biomarker in fish for assessing exposure to EDCs, and is commonly measured using species-specific immunochemical techniques. In this study, we developed a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that can measure common peptides from digested VTG in multiple fish species. In the initial experiments using high resolution mass spectrometry, two peptides (ALHPELR and FIELIQLLR) were identified as common fragments in the digested VTG protein isolated from three different fish species (Pimephales promelas, Micropterus salmoides, and Fundulus heteroclitus). Then, a quantitative analysis using LC-MS/MS under selected reaction monitoring mode was developed for the detection of these two peptides in trypsin-digested plasma from female fish (positive control), estrogen-exposed male fish (test sample), and unexposed male fish (negative control) using two of the same species used for identifying the common peptides (P. promelas, and M. salmoides) and one new species (Ameiurus nebulosus) that was not included during the selection of peptides. Results from this study demonstrate the potential of LC-MS/MS as an effective cross-species method to detect VTG in fish, which can be an alternative analytical technique for assessing endocrine disruption in multiple fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Eryn K Matich
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lance T Yonkos
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alan E Friedman
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - G Ekin Atilla-Gokcumen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.
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Baderna D, Caloni F, Benfenati E. Investigating landfill leachate toxicity in vitro: A review of cell models and endpoints. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 122:21-30. [PMID: 30448364 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a complex mixture characterized by high toxicity and able to contaminate soils and waters surrounding the dumpsite, especially in developing countries where engineered landfills are still rare. Leachate pollution can severely damage natural ecosystems and harm human health. Traditionally, the hazard assessment of leachate is based on physicochemical characterization but the toxicity is not considered. In the last few decades, different bioassays have been used to assess the toxicity of this complex matrix, including human-related in vitro models. This article reviews the cell bioassays successfully used for the risk assessment of leachate and to evaluate the efficiency of toxicity removal of several processes for detoxification of this wastewater. Articles from 2003 to 2018 are covered, focusing mainly on studies that used human cell lines, highlighting the usefulness and adequacy of in vitro models for assessing the hazard involved with exposure to leachate, particularly as an integrative supporting tool for chemical-based risk assessment. Leachate is generally toxic, mutagenic, genotoxic and estrogenic in vitro, and these effects can be measured in the cells exposed to already low concentrations, confirming the serious hazard of this wastewater for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baderna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy.
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Italy
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Bradley PM, Kolpin DW, Romanok KM, Smalling KL, Focazio MJ, Brown JB, Cardon MC, Carpenter KD, Corsi SR, DeCicco LA, Dietze JE, Evans N, Furlong ET, Givens CE, Gray JL, Griffin DW, Higgins CP, Hladik ML, Iwanowicz LR, Journey CA, Kuivila KM, Masoner JR, McDonough CA, Meyer MT, Orlando JL, Strynar MJ, Weis CP, Wilson VS. Reconnaissance of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Chemicals in Private and Public Supply Tapwaters at Selected Residential and Workplace Sites in the United States. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13972-13985. [PMID: 30460851 PMCID: PMC6742431 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Safe drinking water at the point-of-use (tapwater, TW) is a United States public health priority. Multiple lines of evidence were used to evaluate potential human health concerns of 482 organics and 19 inorganics in TW from 13 (7 public supply, 6 private well self-supply) home and 12 (public supply) workplace locations in 11 states. Only uranium (61.9 μg L-1, private well) exceeded a National Primary Drinking Water Regulation maximum contaminant level (MCL: 30 μg L-1). Lead was detected in 23 samples (MCL goal: zero). Seventy-five organics were detected at least once, with median detections of 5 and 17 compounds in self-supply and public supply samples, respectively (corresponding maxima: 12 and 29). Disinfection byproducts predominated in public supply samples, comprising 21% of all detected and 6 of the 10 most frequently detected. Chemicals designed to be bioactive (26 pesticides, 10 pharmaceuticals) comprised 48% of detected organics. Site-specific cumulative exposure-activity ratios (∑EAR) were calculated for the 36 detected organics with ToxCast data. Because these detections are fractional indicators of a largely uncharacterized contaminant space, ∑EAR in excess of 0.001 and 0.01 in 74 and 26% of public supply samples, respectively, provide an argument for prioritized assessment of cumulative effects to vulnerable populations from trace-level TW exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Bradley
- United States Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | - Dana W. Kolpin
- United States Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Kristin M. Romanok
- United States Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | - Kelly L. Smalling
- United States Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States
| | | | | | - Mary C. Cardon
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Kurt D. Carpenter
- United States Geological Survey, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Steven R. Corsi
- United States Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Laura A. DeCicco
- United States Geological Survey, Middleton, Wisconsin 53562, United States
| | - Julie E. Dietze
- United States Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - Nicola Evans
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Edward T. Furlong
- United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Carrie E. Givens
- United States Geological Survey, Lansing, Michigan 48911, United States
| | - James L. Gray
- United States Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Dale W. Griffin
- United States Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, United States
| | | | - Michelle L. Hladik
- United States Geological Survey, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Luke R. Iwanowicz
- United States Geological Survey, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, United States
| | - Celeste A. Journey
- United States Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States
| | | | - Jason R. Masoner
- United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73159, United States
| | | | - Michael T. Meyer
- United States Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States
| | - James L. Orlando
- United States Geological Survey, Sacramento, California 95819, United States
| | - Mark J. Strynar
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Christopher P. Weis
- United States National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Vickie S. Wilson
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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35
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Gao X, Huang C, Rao K, Xu Y, Huang Q, Wang F, Ma M, Wang Z. Occurrences, sources, and transport of hydrophobic organic contaminants in the waters of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:950-958. [PMID: 30029329 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a pristine continent, Antarctica provides a good opportunity to study the spatial transport and temporal accumulation of environmental contaminants and the impacts of anthropogenic activities, both of which have given rise to ongoing public concern. In this research, an approach of coupling aquatic time-integrated passive sampling with chemical analysis and bioassays was used to assess pollution by hydrophobic organic contaminants in Antarctic waters. Passive samplers were deployed in waters of Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica, and their extracts were used for chemical analyses of sixty-six hydrophobic organic contaminants belonging to five groups [organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs), phthalic acid esters (PAEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] and in vitro bioassays for endocrine disruption and genotoxicity. In total, twenty pollutants (six PFRs, one PAE, two PAHs, six OCPs, and five PCBs) were quantified, and six PFRs had concentrations that ranged from ND (not detected) to 44.37 ng L-1 in Antarctic waters. The concentrations detected in the waters were generally low and insufficient to have significant in vitro endocrine disruption potential or genotoxicity. The source and transport pathways of PFRs and PAE in Fildes Peninsula were studied, and multiple local sources (wastewater, air traffic, research stations, and animal feces) for different PFRs were proposed. A spatial and temporal analysis showed slight changes in the exposure of OCPs and PCBs in Antarctic waters. Furthermore, a comparison among a variety of Antarctic water sampling cases revealed that passive sampling can be a tool for aquatic time-integrated investigations in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifeng Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yiping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Qinghui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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36
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Rearick DC, Ward J, Venturelli P, Schoenfuss H. Environmental oestrogens cause predation-induced population decline in a freshwater fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181065. [PMID: 30473849 PMCID: PMC6227994 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding population-level effects of environmental stressors on aquatic biota requires knowledge of the direct adverse effects of pollutants on individuals and species interactions that relate to survival and reproduction. Here, we connect behavioural assays with survival trials and a modelling approach to quantify changes in antipredator escape performance of a larval freshwater fish following exposure to an environmental oestrogen, and predict changes in population abundance. We quantified the effects of short-term (21 days) exposure to 17β-oestradiol (E2) on the antipredator escape performance of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and the probability of predation by a natural predator, the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Compared with unexposed minnows, minnows exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of E2 that approach total oestrogenic activity of wastewater-dominated environments (38 and 103 ng l-1) had delayed response times and slower escape speeds, and were more susceptible to predation. Incorporating these data into a stage-structured population model demonstrated that enhanced predation mortality at the larval stage can result in population declines. These results indicate that subtle, sub-lethal shifts in the behaviour of individuals due to human-mediated environmental change can impact species interactions with measurable population-level effects. Such changes have the potential to alter higher-order trophic interactions and disrupt aquatic communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Rearick
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
| | - Jessica Ward
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Paul Venturelli
- Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - Heiko Schoenfuss
- Department of Biology, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, USA
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37
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Liu YY, Lin YS, Yen CH, Miaw CL, Chen TC, Wu MC, Hsieh CY. Identification, contribution, and estrogenic activity of potential EDCs in a river receiving concentrated livestock effluent in Southern Taiwan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:464-476. [PMID: 29709864 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We assessed 22 selected endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and other emerging, potentially endocrine-active compounds with estrogenic activity from the waters of the Wuluo River, southern Taiwan. This watershed receives high amounts of livestock and untreated household wastewaters. The river is surrounded by concentrated animal feedlot operations (CAFOs). River water samples were analyzed for selected compounds by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay, and E-screen cell proliferation in vitro bioassay. Total concentrations of ∑alkylphenolic compounds (bisphenol A, 4-nonylphenol, t-nonylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol mono-ethoxylate, nonylphenol di-ethoxylate) were much higher than ∑estrogens (estrone, 17 β-estradiol, estriol, 17ß-ethynylestradiol, diethylstilbestrol), ∑preservatives (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben), ∑UV-filters (benzophenone, methyl benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3), ∑antimicrobials (triclocarben, triclosan, chloroxylenol), and an insect repellent (diethyltoluamide) over four seasonal sampling periods. The highest concentration was found for bisphenol A with a mean of 302 ng/L. However, its contribution to estrogenic activity was not significant due to its relatively low estrogenic potency. Lower detection rates were found for BP, EE2, TCS, and PCMX, while DES and EP were not detected. E1 and E2 levels in raw water samples were 50% higher than the predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for aquatic organisms of 6 and 2 ng/L, respectively. The potency of estrogenic activity ranged from 11.7 to 190.1 ng/L E2T47D-Kbluc and 6.63 to 84.5 ng/L E2E-Screen for extracted samples. Importantly, estrone contributed 50% of the overall activity in 60% and 44% of the samples based on T47D-KBluc and MCF-7 bioassays, followed by 17 ß-estradiol, highlighting the importance of total steroid estrogen loading. This study demonstrates that the estrogenic activity of target chemicals was comparable to levels found in different countries worldwide. More intense wastewater treatment is required in areas of intensive agriculture in order to prevent adverse impacts on the ambient environment and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Siou Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Ling Miaw
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chien Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chun Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ying Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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38
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Escher BI, Aїt-Aїssa S, Behnisch PA, Brack W, Brion F, Brouwer A, Buchinger S, Crawford SE, Du Pasquier D, Hamers T, Hettwer K, Hilscherová K, Hollert H, Kase R, Kienle C, Tindall AJ, Tuerk J, van der Oost R, Vermeirssen E, Neale PA. Effect-based trigger values for in vitro and in vivo bioassays performed on surface water extracts supporting the environmental quality standards (EQS) of the European Water Framework Directive. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:748-765. [PMID: 29454215 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Effect-based methods including cell-based bioassays, reporter gene assays and whole-organism assays have been applied for decades in water quality monitoring and testing of enriched solid-phase extracts. There is no common EU-wide agreement on what level of bioassay response in water extracts is acceptable. At present, bioassay results are only benchmarked against each other but not against a consented measure of chemical water quality. The EU environmental quality standards (EQS) differentiate between acceptable and unacceptable surface water concentrations for individual chemicals but cannot capture the thousands of chemicals in water and their biological action as mixtures. We developed a method that reads across from existing EQS and includes additional mixture considerations with the goal that the derived effect-based trigger values (EBT) indicate acceptable risk for complex mixtures as they occur in surface water. Advantages and limitations of various approaches to read across from EQS are discussed and distilled to an algorithm that translates EQS into their corresponding bioanalytical equivalent concentrations (BEQ). The proposed EBT derivation method was applied to 48 in vitro bioassays with 32 of them having sufficient information to yield preliminary EBTs. To assess the practicability and robustness of the proposed approach, we compared the tentative EBTs with observed environmental effects. The proposed method only gives guidance on how to derive EBTs but does not propose final EBTs for implementation. The EBTs for some bioassays such as those for estrogenicity are already mature and could be implemented into regulation in the near future, while for others it will still take a few iterations until we can be confident of the power of the proposed EBTs to differentiate good from poor water quality with respect to chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate I Escher
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Environmental Toxicology, Centre for Applied Geosciences, 72074 Tübingen, Germany; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia.
| | - Selim Aїt-Aїssa
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - François Brion
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS, Unité d'Ecotoxicologie, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | | | - Sarah E Crawford
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Timo Hamers
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Dept. Environment & Health, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Kamenice 753/5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Kase
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Kienle
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Tindall
- Laboratoire Watchfrog, 1 Rue Pierre Fontaine, 91 000 Evry, France
| | - Jochen Tuerk
- Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e.V. (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, D-47229 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ron van der Oost
- Waternet Institute for the Urban Water Cycle, Department of Technology, Research and Engineering, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Vermeirssen
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Peta A Neale
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
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39
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Prochazkova T, Sychrova E, Vecerkova J, Javurkova B, Otoupalikova A, Pernica M, Simek Z, Smutna M, Lepsova-Skacelova O, Hilscherova K. Estrogenic activity and contributing compounds in stagnant water bodies with massive occurrence of phytoplankton. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 136:12-21. [PMID: 29486257 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stagnant water bodies have generally received little attention regarding the presence of endocrine disruptive compounds, although they can integrate diverse pollutants from multiple different sources. Many compounds of anthropogenic as well as natural origin can contribute to the overall estrogenicity of surface waters and some of them can exhibit adverse effects on aquatic biota even in very low concentrations. This study focused on freshwater ponds and reservoirs affected by water blooms and determined the estrogenic activity of water by in vitro bioassay as well as concentrations of several important groups of estrogenic compounds (estrogenic hormones, alkylphenols, and phytoestrogens) by LC-MS/MS analyses. Estrogenic hormones were found at concentrations up to 7.1 ng.L-1, similarly to flavonoids, whose concentrations did not exceed 12.5 ng.L-1. Among alkylphenols, only bisphenol A and 4-tert-octylphenol were detected in levels reaching 100 ng.L-1 at maximum. Estrogenic activity of water samples varied from below the quantification limit to 1.95 ng.L-1. There does not seem to be any general causal link of the massive phytoplankton occurrence with the estrogenicity of water or concentration of phytoestrogens, since they showed no direct relationship with the phytoplankton abundance or composition across sites. The contribution of the analysed compounds to the estrogenic activity was calculated in three scenarios. In minimum scenario, just the compounds above quantification limit (LOQ) were taken into account and for most samples, only minor part (<6%) of the biological activity could be explained. In the mean and maximum scenarios, we included also compounds below LOQ into the calculations at the level of LOQ/2 and LOQ, respectively. In these cases, a considerable part of the estrogenic activity could be attributed to the possible presence of steroid estrogens below LOQ. However, for the samples with estrogenic activity greater than 1 ng.L-1, more than 50% of the estrogenic activity remained unexplained even in the maximum scenario. Probably other compounds or possible interactions between individual substances cause the estrogenic activity in these types of water bodies and in this case, the results of LC-MS/MS analyses cannot sufficiently predict the biological effects. A complex approach including bioassays is needed when assessing the estrogenicity of these types of surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Prochazkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - E Sychrova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Vecerkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - B Javurkova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Otoupalikova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Pernica
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Z Simek
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Smutna
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Lepsova-Skacelova
- Department of Botany, University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - K Hilscherova
- RECETOX - Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Cox MK, Peterson KN, Tan D, Novak PJ, Schoenfuss HL, Ward JL. Temperature modulates estrone degradation and biological effects of exposure in fathead minnows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1591-1600. [PMID: 29054667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, including estrogens, are widespread in aquatic environments frequently as a result of treated wastewater effluent discharged. Exposure to estrogens has been correlated with disruption of the normal physiological and reproductive function in aquatic organisms, which could impair the sustainability of exposed populations. However, assessing the effects of estrogen exposure on individuals is complicated by the fact that rates of chemical uptake and environmental degradation are temperature dependent. Because annual temperature regimes often coincide with critical periods of biological activity, temperature-dependent changes in estrogen degradation efficacy during wastewater treatment could modulate biological effects. We examined the interactions between ambient water temperature and degradation of estrone (E1) during wastewater treatment. In addition, we exposed mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to three environmentally relevant concentrations of E1 at four different water temperatures (15°C, 18°C, 21°C, and 24°C) to reflect natural seasonal variation. E1 degradation occurred with and without the support of robust nitrification at all temperatures; however, the onset of E1 degradation was delayed at cooler water temperatures. In addition, we observed significant interactive effects between temperature and E1 exposure. Female morphometric endpoints were more susceptible to temperature-modulating effects while physiological endpoints were more strongly affected in males. Collectively, the data demonstrate that natural seasonal fluctuations in temperature are sufficient to affect E1 degradation during wastewater treatment and induce sex-dependent physiological and anatomical changes in exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Cox
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States
| | - K N Peterson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - D Tan
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - P J Novak
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Drive S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - H L Schoenfuss
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States.
| | - J L Ward
- Department of Biology, Saint Cloud State University, 720 Fourth Avenue South, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, United States
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Walsh HL, Blazer VS, Smith GD, Lookenbill M, Alvarez DA, Smalling KL. Risk Factors Associated with Mortality of Age-0 Smallmouth Bass in the Susquehanna River Basin, Pennsylvania. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:65-80. [PMID: 29595890 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of disease and mortalities of young of the year (age-0) Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu has occurred during the late spring and summer in many parts of the Susquehanna River watershed since 2005. To better understand contributing factors, fish collected from multiple areas throughout the watershed as well as out-of-basin reference populations (Allegheny and Delaware River basins; experimental ponds, Kearneysville, West Virginia) were examined grossly and histologically for abnormalities. Tissue contaminant concentrations were determined from whole-body homogenates, and water contaminant concentrations were estimated using time-integrated passive samplers at selected sites. Observed or isolated pathogens included bacteria, predominantly motile Aeromonas spp. and Flavobacterium columnare; largemouth bass virus, and parasites, including trematode metacercariae, cestodes, and the myxozoan Myxobolus inornatus. Although these pathogens were found in age-0 Smallmouth Bass from multiple sites, no one pathogen was consistently associated with mortality. Chemicals detected in tissue included polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, organochlorine, and current-use pesticides. Pyraclostrobin, PCB congeners 170 and 187, cis-chlordane and trans-nonachlor were detected in all Susquehanna watershed samples but rarely in samples from the reference site. The findings support the idea that there is no single cause for disease of age-0 Smallmouth Bass; rather the cumulative effects of co-infections and potential immunomodulation by environmental stressors during a sensitive developmental life stage may lead to mortality. Identifying the most important risk factors will be necessary for more in-depth analyses of individual stressors and better management of the habitat and fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Walsh
- West Virginia University Research Corporation, 886 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Smith
- Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission, Division of Fisheries Management, 1601 Elmerton Avenue, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA
| | - Michael Lookenbill
- Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Rachel Carson State Office Building, 400 Market Street, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17101, USA
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 New Haven Road, Columbia, Missouri, 65201, USA
| | - Kelly L Smalling
- U.S. Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center, 3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, 08648, USA
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Salehi ASM, Yang SO, Earl CC, Shakalli Tang MJ, Porter Hunt J, Smith MT, Wood DW, Bundy BC. Biosensing estrogenic endocrine disruptors in human blood and urine: A RAPID cell-free protein synthesis approach. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 345:19-25. [PMID: 29499249 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases and disorders are linked to exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that mimic the function of natural estrogen hormones. Here we present a Rapid Adaptable Portable In-vitro Detection biosensor platform (RAPID) for detecting chemicals that interact with the human estrogen receptor β (hERβ). This biosensor consists of an allosteric fusion protein, which is expressed using cell-free protein synthesis technology and is directly assayed by a colorimetric response. The resultant biosensor successfully detected known EDCs of hERβ (BPA, E2, and DPN) at similar or better detection range than an analogous cell-based biosensor, but in a fraction of time. We also engineered cell-free protein synthesis reactions with RNAse inhibitors to increase production yields in the presence of human blood and urine. The RAPID biosensor successfully detects EDCs in these human samples in the presence of RNAse inhibitors. Engineered cell-free protein synthesis facilitates the use of protein biosensors in complex sample matrices without cumbersome protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin S M Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Seung Ook Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Conner C Earl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Miriam J Shakalli Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Porter Hunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mark T Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - David W Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Bradley C Bundy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Wangmo C, Jarque S, Hilscherová K, Bláha L, Bittner M. In vitro assessment of sex steroids and related compounds in water and sediments - a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:270-287. [PMID: 29251308 DOI: 10.1039/c7em00458c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Detection of endocrine disrupting compounds in water and sediment samples has gained much importance since the evidence of their effects was reported in aquatic ecosystems in the 1990s. The aim of this review is to highlight the advances made in the field of in vitro analysis for the detection of hormonally active compounds with estrogenic, androgenic and progestogenic effects in water and sediment samples. In vitro assays have been developed from yeast, mammalian and in a few cases from fish cells. These assays are based either on the hormone-mediated proliferation of sensitive cell lines or on the hormone-mediated expression of reporter genes. In vitro assays in combination with various sample enrichment methods have been used with limits of detection as low as 0.0027 ng L-1 in water, and 0.0026 ng g-1 in sediments for estrogenicity, 0.1 ng L-1 in water, and 0.5 ng g-1 in sediments for androgenicity, and 5 ng L-1 in water for progestogenicity expressed as equivalent concentrations of standard reference compounds of 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone and progesterone, respectively. The experimental results and limits of quantification, however, are influenced by the methods of sample collection, preparation, and individual laboratory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimi Wangmo
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment - RECETOX, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Pennington MJ, Rothman JA, Jones MB, McFrederick QS, Gan J, Trumble JT. Effects of contaminants of emerging concern on Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae) biology and on their host plant, Capsicum annuum. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:125. [PMID: 29423658 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are utilizing reclaimed wastewater for agriculture as water demands due to drought, rising temperatures, and expanding human populations. Unfortunately, wastewater often contains biologically active, pseudopersistant pharmaceuticals, even after treatment. Runoff from agriculture and effluent from wastewater treatment plants also contribute high concentrations of pharmaceuticals to the environment. This study assessed the effects of common pharmaceuticals on an agricultural pest, the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer, Hemiptera: Aphididae). Second instar nymphs were transferred to bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) that were grown hydroponically. Treatment plants were spiked with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at environmentally relevant concentrations found in reclaimed wastewater. M. persicae displayed no differences in population growth or microbial community differences due to chemical treatments. Plants, however, displayed significant growth reduction in antibiotic and mixture treatments, specifically in wet root masses. Antibiotic treatment masses were significantly reduced in the total and root wet masses. Mixture treatments displayed an overall reduction in plant root wet mass. Our results suggest that the use of reclaimed wastewater for crop irrigation would not affect aphid populations, but could hinder or delay crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus John Pennington
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 417 Entomology Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jason A Rothman
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 417 Entomology Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michael Bellinger Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 417 Entomology Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 417 Entomology Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - John T Trumble
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 417 Entomology Building, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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45
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Pennington MJ, Rothman JA, Dudley SL, Jones MB, McFrederick QS, Gan J, Trumble JT. Contaminants of emerging concern affect Trichoplusia ni growth and development on artificial diets and a key host plant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9923-E9931. [PMID: 29087336 PMCID: PMC5699077 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713385114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries are utilizing reclaimed wastewater for agriculture because drought, rising temperatures, and expanding human populations are increasing water demands. Unfortunately, wastewater often contains biologically active, pseudopersistent pharmaceuticals, even after treatment. Runoff from farms and output from wastewater treatment plants also contribute high concentrations of pharmaceuticals to the environment. This study assessed the effects of common pharmaceuticals on an agricultural pest, Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Larvae were reared on artificial diets spiked with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Trichoplusia ni showed increased developmental time and mortality when reared on artificial diets containing antibiotics, hormones, or a mixture of contaminants. Mortality was also increased when T. ni were reared on tomatoes grown hydroponically with the same concentrations of antibiotics. The antibiotic-treated plants translocated ciprofloxacin through their tissues to roots, shoots, and leaves. Microbial communities of T. ni changed substantially between developmental stages and when exposed to CECs in their diets. Our results suggest that use of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation of crops can affect the developmental biology and microbial communities of an insect of agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Pennington
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jason A Rothman
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Stacia L Dudley
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Michael B Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Jay Gan
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - John T Trumble
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521;
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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46
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Sun J, Khan E, Simsek S, Ohm JB, Simsek H. Bioavailability of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in wastewaters from animal feedlots and storage lagoons. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:695-701. [PMID: 28820992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from animal wastes can contribute to pollution of surface waters. Bioavailable DON (ABDON) is a portion of DON utilized by algae with or without bacteria. This study determined DON and ABDON levels in animal wastewater collected from two different sources: an animal feedlot wastewater storage tank and a sheep wastewater storage lagoon. Inocula for the ABDON bioassays were comprised of individual species and several combinations involving two algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris) and a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) bacterial culture. The ratio of initial DON to initial total dissolved nitrogen was 18% in the feedlot wastewater samples and 70% in the lagoon wastewater samples. The results showed that between 1.6 and 4.5 mg-NL-1 DON (45-79% of initial DON) in the feedlot samples and between 3.4 and 7.5 mg-NL-1 DON (36%-79% of initial DON) in the lagoon samples were bioavailable with the inocula tested. These results suggest that when considering eutrophication potential of livestock wastewater, organic nitrogen should be included in addition to the obvious culprits, ammonia and nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sun
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Senay Simsek
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA
| | - Jae-Bom Ohm
- USDA-ARS-RRVARC, Cereal Crops Research Unit, Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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47
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Pennington MJ, Rothman JA, Jones MB, McFrederick QS, Gan J, Trumble JT. Effects of contaminants of emerging concern on Megaselia scalaris (Lowe, Diptera: Phoridae) and its microbial community. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8165. [PMID: 28811598 PMCID: PMC5557979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought, rising temperatures, and expanding human populations are increasing water demands. Many countries are extending potable water supplies by irrigating crops with wastewater. Unfortunately, wastewater contains biologically active, long-lived pharmaceuticals, even after treatment. Run-off from farms and wastewater treatment plant overflows contribute high concentrations of pharmaceuticals to the environment. This study assessed the effects of common pharmaceuticals on a cosmopolitan saprophagous insect, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae). Larvae were reared on artificial diets spiked with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Female flies showed no oviposition preference for treated or untreated diets. Larvae exposed to caffeine in diets showed increased mortality, and larvae fed antibiotics and hormones showed signs of slowed development, especially in females. The normal sex ratio observed in M. scalaris from control diets was affected by exposure to caffeine and pharmaceutical mixture treatments. There was an overall effect of treatment on the flies' microbial communities; notably, caffeine fed insects displayed higher microbial variability. Eight bacterial families accounted for approximately 95% of the total microbes in diet and insects. Our results suggest that CECs at environmentally relevant concentrations can affect the biology and microbial communities of an insect of ecological and medical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Pennington
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Jason A Rothman
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Michael B Jones
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Quinn S McFrederick
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jay Gan
- Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - John T Trumble
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Zhang Q, Ma X, Dzakpasu M, Wang XC. Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects of benzophenone UV filters: Luminescent bacteria toxicity, genotoxicity and hormonal activity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:338-347. [PMID: 28437725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of organic ultraviolet (UV) filters in personal care products raises concerns about their potentially hazardous effects on human and ecosystem health. In this study, the toxicities of four commonly used benzophenones (BPs) UV filters including benzophenone (BP), 2-Hydroxybenzophenone (2HB), 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP3), and 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonicacid (BP4) in water were assayed in vitro using Vibrio fischeri, SOS/umu assay, and yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay, as well as in vivo using zebrafish larvae. The results showed that the luminescent bacteria toxicity, expressed as logEC50, increased with the lipophilicity (logKow) of BPs UV filters. Especially, since 2HB, BP3 and BP4 had different substituent groups, namely -OH, -OCH3 and -SO3H, respectively, these substituent functional groups had a major contribution to the lipophilicity and acute toxicity of these BPs. Similar tendency was observed for the genotoxicity, expressed as the value of induction ratio=1.5. Moreover, all the target BPs UV filters showed estrogenic activity, but no significant influences of lipophilicity on the estrogenicity were observed, with BP3 having the weakest estrogenic efficiency in vitro. Although BP3 displayed no noticeable adverse effects in any in vitro assays, multiple hormonal activities were observed in zebrafish larvae including estrogenicity, anti-estrogenicity and anti-androgenicity by regulating the expression of target genes. The results indicated potential hazardous effects of BPs UV filters and the importance of the combination of toxicological evaluation methods including in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Zhang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Engineering Technology Research Center for Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Xi'an 710055, PR China; Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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49
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Conley JM, Evans N, Cardon MC, Rosenblum L, Iwanowicz LR, Hartig PC, Schenck KM, Bradley PM, Wilson VS. Occurrence and In Vitro Bioactivity of Estrogen, Androgen, and Glucocorticoid Compounds in a Nationwide Screen of United States Stream Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4781-4791. [PMID: 28401766 PMCID: PMC11247474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays are sensitive, effect-based tools used to quantitatively screen for chemicals with nuclear receptor activity in environmental samples. We measured in vitro estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, along with a broad suite of chemical analytes, in streamwater from 35 well-characterized sites (3 reference and 32 impacted) across 24 states and Puerto Rico. ER agonism was the most frequently detected with nearly all sites (34/35) displaying activity (range, 0.054-116 ng E2Eq L-1). There was a strong linear relationship (r2 = 0.917) between in vitro ER activity and concentrations of steroidal estrogens after correcting for the in vitro potency of each compound. AR agonism was detected in 5/35 samples (range, 1.6-4.8 ng DHTEq L-1) but concentrations of androgenic compounds were largely unable to account for the in vitro activity. Similarly, GR agonism was detected in 9/35 samples (range, 6.0-43 ng DexEq L-1); however, none of the recognized GR-active compounds on the target-chemical analyte list were detected. The utility of in vitro assays in water quality monitoring was evident from both the quantitative agreement between ER activity and estrogen concentrations, as well as the detection of AR and GR activity for which there were limited or no corresponding target-chemical detections to explain the bioactivity. Incorporation of in vitro bioassays as complements to chemical analyses in standard water quality monitoring efforts would allow for more complete assessment of the chemical mixtures present in many surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Mary C Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Laura Rosenblum
- CB&I Federal Services , Cincinnati, Ohio 45212 United States
| | - Luke R Iwanowicz
- U.S. Geological Survey/Leetown Science Center , Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430 United States
| | - Phillip C Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
| | - Kathleen M Schenck
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Water Supply and Water Resources Division , Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 United States
| | - Paul M Bradley
- U.S. Geological Survey/South Atlantic Water Science Center , Columbia, South Carolina 29210 United States
| | - Vickie S Wilson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/Toxicity Assessment Division , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711 United States
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50
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Ankley GT, Feifarek D, Blackwell B, Cavallin JE, Jensen KM, Kahl MD, Poole S, Randolph E, Saari T, Villeneuve DL. Re-evaluating the Significance of Estrone as an Environmental Estrogen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:4705-4713. [PMID: 28328210 PMCID: PMC6059648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies worldwide have demonstrated the occurrence of feminized male fish at sites impacted by human and animal wastes. A variety of chemicals could contribute to this phenomenon, but those receiving the greatest attention in terms of research and monitoring have been 17β-estradiol (β-E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol, due both to their prevalence in the environment and strong estrogenic potency. A third steroid, estrone (E1), also can occur at high concentrations in surface waters but generally has been of lesser concern due to its relatively lower affinity for vertebrate estrogen receptors. In an initial experiment, male fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) adults were exposed for 4-d to environmentally relevant levels of waterborne E1, which resulted in plasma β-E2 concentrations similar to those found in reproductively active females. In a second exposure we used 13C-labeled E1, together with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to demonstrate that elevated β-E2 measured in the plasma of the male fish was indeed derived from the external environment, most likely via a conversion catalyzed by one or more 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The results of our studies suggest that the potential impact of E1 as an environmental estrogen currently is underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald T. Ankley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
- Corresponding Author. Phone: (218) 529-5147. Fax: (218) 529-5003.
| | - David Feifarek
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Brett Blackwell
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Jenna E. Cavallin
- Badger Technical Services, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Jensen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Michael D. Kahl
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Shane Poole
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Eric Randolph
- Oak Ridge Institute of Science Education, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Travis Saari
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, United States
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