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Choudhury MI, Nilsson JE, Hylander S, Hauber M, Ehde PM, Weisner SEB, Liess A. Enhancing nitrogen removal through macrophyte harvest and installation of woodchips-based floating beds in surface-flow constructed wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142284. [PMID: 38719124 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Wetland management maintains nitrogen (N) removal capacity in mature and overgrown constructed wetlands (CWs). We evaluated whether CW management by macrophyte harvesting, and subsequent installation of woodchips-based floating beds (WFBs) planted with Glyceria maxima and Filipendula ulmaria improved N removal. In sixteen heavily overgrown experimental CWs, we applied four treatments: i) only macrophyte harvesting, ii) 5% of the harvested-CW surface covered with WFBs, iii) 20% WFBs cover, and iv) a control treatment (heavily overgrown). N removal was determined in all wetlands at nine occasions. Plant biomass accrual, N assimilation, and denitrification genes nirS, nirK, nosZI and nosZII on plant roots and woodchips from WFBs were estimated. Macrophyte harvesting improved N removal of heavily overgrown CWs, whereas subsequent WFB installation only sometimes improved N removal. Mean N removal efficiencies (± standard deviation) overall were 41 ± 15 %, 45 ± 20 %, 46 ± 16 % and 27 ± 8.3 % for treatments i to iv, respectively. Relative biomass production, root length and root surface area for G.maxima (mean ± standard deviation: 234 ± 114 %, 40 ± 6.5 cm, 6308 ± 1059 cm2g-1, respectively) were higher than those for F. ulmaria (63 ± 86 %, 28 ± 12 cm, 3131 ± 535 cm2g-1, respectively) whereas biomass N assimilation was higher for F. ulmaria (1.8 ± 0.9 gNm-2 of WFB) than for G. maxima (1.3 ± 0.5 gNm-2 of WFB). Denitrification gene abundance was higher on plant roots than on woodchips while G. maxima hosted higher root denitrification gene abundance than F. ulmaria. We conclude that macrophyte harvesting improves N removal in heavily overgrown CWs. WFBs installation has the potential to support plant growth and denitrification in surface-flow constructed wetlands. Further studies need to evaluate the long-term effects of macrophyte harvesting and WFB installation on N removal in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I Choudhury
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden; Machinery Laboratory, Vattenfall R&D, 81470, Älvkarleby, Sweden
| | - Josefin E Nilsson
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Samuel Hylander
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Marc Hauber
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, SE-39182, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Per Magnus Ehde
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Stefan E B Weisner
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Antonia Liess
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Box 823, 301 18 Halmstad, Sweden.
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Wei C, Su F, Yue H, Song F, Li H. Spatial distribution characteristics of denitrification functional genes and the environmental drivers in Liaohe estuary wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1064-1078. [PMID: 38030842 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30938-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Genes nirS, nirK, and nosZ are specific for the denitrification process, which is associated with greenhouse gas N2O emission. The abundances and diversities of community containing these three genes are usually used as a common index to reflect the denitrification process, and they would be affected by differences in environmental factors caused by changes from warm to cold conditions. The quantification of denitrification in natural wetlands is complex, and straightforward identification of spatial distribution and drivers affecting the process is still developing. In this study, the bacterial communities, gene diversities, and relative abundances involved in denitrification were investigated in Liaohe Estuary Wetland. We analyzed the relative abundances, diversities, and communities of bacteria containing the three genes at warm and cold conditions using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and detected the potential environmental factors influencing their distribution by using a random forest algorithm. There are great differences in the community composition of the bacteria containing genes nirS, nirK, and nosZ. All the abundant taxa of nirS and nirK communities belonged to phylum Proteobacteria. Compared with the community composition of bacteria containing nirS and nirK, the community of bacteria containing nosZ is more diverse, and the subdivision taxa of phylum Euryarchaeota was also abundant in the community containing nosZ. The distribution characteristics of the relative abundance of nirS and nirK showed obvious differences both at warm and cold climate conditions. The oxidation-reduction potential, nitrite nitrogen, and salinity were detected as potential variables that might explain the diversity of nirS. The total nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen were the important variables for predicting the relative abundance of nirS at warm climate condition, while oxidation-reduction potential and pH contributed to the diversity of nirS at cold condition. The bulk density of sediment was detected as a potential variable affecting the relative abundance of nirK at warm and cold conditions, and diversity of nirK at warm condition, while nitrite nitrogen was detected as an important environmental factor for predicting the diversity of nirK at cold condition. Overall, our results show that the key environmental factors, which affect the relative abundance, diversity, and community of bacteria containing the functional denitrification genes, are not exactly the same, and the diversities of nirS, nirK, and nosZ have a higher environmental sensitivity than their relative abundances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangli Su
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Hangyu Yue
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Fei Song
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Haifu Li
- College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Shuangtai Estuary Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Panjin, 124112, Liaoning, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
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Yao D, Dai N, Hu X, Cheng C, Xie H, Hu Z, Liang S, Zhang J. New insights into the effects of wetland plants on nitrogen removal pathways in constructed wetlands with low C/N ratio wastewater: Contribution of partial denitrification-anammox. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120277. [PMID: 37441899 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) removal in constructed wetlands (CWs) was often challenged by limited denitrification due to the lack of carbon source, and wetland plants would be more important in carbon (C) and N cycling in CWs with influent of low carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio. In this study, the underlying mechanisms of nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) removal under different low C/N ratios were revealed by constructing microcosm CWs, and the unplanted group was set as the control to explore the role of plants in N removal. The results showed that plants and the concentration of influent carbon significantly affected NO3--N and total nitrogen (TN) removal (p < 0.05). The presence of plants significantly increased the concentration of DO and wetland plant-derived DOM (p < 0.05). The enhanced NO3--N and TN removal with increased C/N ratio attributed to high denitrification activity reflected in the abundance of denitrification microbes and genes. However, the contribution of partial denitrification-anammox (PDN/AMX) to N removal in CWs decreased from more than 75.3% at the C/N ratio of 0 to 70.4% and 22.3% with the C/N ratio increased to 1.5 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the PDN/AMX process was negatively correlated with favorable oxygen environment in the planted group and plants roots carbon secretion, but the overall N removal efficiency of the CWs was enhanced by increased abundance of N removal-related functional genes in the presence of plants. Abovementioned results provided new insights to explain the mechanism of N removal in CWs under low C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yao
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Na Dai
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaojin Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Zhen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
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4
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Arslan M, Wilkinson S, Naeth MA, Gamal El-Din M, Khokhar Z, Walker C, Lucke T. Performance of constructed floating wetlands in a cold climate waste stabilization pond. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163115. [PMID: 37011671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of constructed floating wetlands (CFWs) is largely unknown for wastewater treatment in cold climates. An operational-scale CFW system was retrofitted into a municipal waste stabilization pond in Alberta, Canada. During the first year (Study I), insignificant performance was recorded for water quality parameters, although phyto-uptake of elements was evident. In Study II, doubling of the CFW area and addition of underneath aeration promoted plant uptake of elements, including nutrients and metals, following significant pollutant reduction in the water; 83 % of chemical oxygen demand, 80 % of carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, 67 % of total suspended solids, and 48 % of total Kjeldhal nitrogen. A mesocosm study, conducted in parallel to the pilot scale field study, confirmed the impact of both vegetation and aeration on water quality improvement. The phytoremediation potential was linked to accumulation within plant shoot and root biomass and was confirmed by mass balance. Bacterial community analyses reflected that heterotrophic nitrification, aerobic denitrification, complete denitrification, organic matter decomposition, and methylotrophy were dominant mechanisms in the CFW, likely resulting in successful transformation of organics and nutrients. CFWs appear to be a viable ecotechnology to treat municipal wastewater in Alberta; however, larger and aerated CFW systems are recommended to achieve maximum remediation. The study aligns with the United Nations Environment Program to scale up restoration of degraded ecosystems, and to improve conditions for water supply and biodiversity following recognition of 2021-2030 as the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sarah Wilkinson
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - M Anne Naeth
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | | | - Christopher Walker
- Covey Associates Pty Ltd, Maroochydore, Qld 4560, Australia; University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Scarce Resources and the Circular Economy (ScaRCE), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Terry Lucke
- School of Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Australia; Covey Associates Pty Ltd, Maroochydore, Qld 4560, Australia
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5
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Graf DRH, Jones CM, Zhao M, Hallin S. Assembly of root-associated N2O-reducing communities of annual crops is governed by selection for nosZ clade I over clade II. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:fiac092. [PMID: 35927461 PMCID: PMC9397574 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a hotspot for denitrification. The nitrous oxide (N2O) reductase among denitrifiers and nondenitrifying N2O reducers is the only known N2O sink in the biosphere. We hypothesized that the composition of root-associated N2O-reducing communities when establishing on annual crops depend on soil type and plant species, but that assembly processes are independent of these factors and differ between nosZ clades I and II. Using a pot experiment with barley and sunflower and two soils, we analyzed the abundance, composition, and diversity of soil and root-associated N2O reducing communities by qPCR and amplicon sequencing of nosZ. Clade I was more abundant on roots compared to soil, while clade II showed the opposite. In barley, this pattern coincided with N2O availability, determined as potential N2O production rates, but for sunflower no N2O production was detected in the root compartment. Root and soil nosZ communities differed in composition and phylogeny-based community analyses indicated that assembly of root-associated N2O reducers was driven by the interaction between plant and soil type, with inferred competition being more influential than habitat selection. Selection between clades I and II in the root/soil interface is suggested, which may have functional consequences since most clade I microorganisms can produce N2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R H Graf
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Zhao B, Sun Z, Liu Y. An overview of in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 804:149981. [PMID: 34517309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the increasing nitrate pollution in groundwater, in-situ remediation has been widely studied and applied on field-scale as an efficient, economical and less disturbing remediation technology. In this review, we discussed various in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater and elaborate on biostimulation, phytoremediation, electrokinetic remediation, permeable reactive barrier and combined remediation. This review described principles of each in-situ remediation, application, the latest progress, problems and challenges on field-scale. Factors affecting the efficiency of in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater are also summarized. Finally, this review presented the prospect of in-situ remediation for nitrate pollution in groundwater. The objective of this review is to examine the state of knowledge on in-situ remediation for nitrate in groundwater and critically evaluate factors which affect the up-scaling of laboratory and bench-scale research to field-scale application. This helps to better understand the control mechanisms of various in-situ remediation for nitrate pollution in groundwater and the design options available for application to the field-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
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7
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Choudhury MI, Hallin S, Ecke F, Hubalek V, Juhanson J, Frainer A, McKie BG. Disentangling the roles of plant functional diversity and plaint traits in regulating plant nitrogen accumulation and denitrification in freshwaters. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I. Choudhury
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
| | - Valerie Hubalek
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - André Frainer
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Framsenteret Tromsø Norway
| | - Brendan G. McKie
- Department Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish University of Agricultural of Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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8
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Hall NC, Sikaroodi M, Hogan D, Jones RC, Gillevet PM. The Presence of Denitrifiers In Bacterial Communities of Urban Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs). ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 69:89-110. [PMID: 34860281 PMCID: PMC8758610 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-021-01529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stormwater best management practices (BMPs) are engineered structures that attempt to mitigate the impacts of stormwater, which can include nitrogen inputs from the surrounding drainage area. The goal of this study was to assess bacterial community composition in different types of stormwater BMP soils to establish whether a particular BMP type harbors more denitrification potential. Soil sampling took place over the summer of 2015 following precipitation events. Soils were sampled from four bioretention facilities, four dry ponds, four surface sand filters, and one dry swale. 16S rRNA gene analysis of extracted DNA and RNA amplicons indicated high bacterial diversity in the soils of all BMP types sampled. An abundance of denitrifiers was also indicated in the extracted DNA using presence/absence of nirS, nirK, and nosZ denitrification genes. BMP soil bacterial communities were impacted by the surrounding soil physiochemistry. Based on the identification of a metabolically-active community of denitrifiers, this study has indicated that denitrification could potentially occur under appropriate conditions in all types of BMP sampled, including surface sand filters that are often viewed as providing low potential for denitrification. The carbon content of incoming stormwater could be providing bacterial communities with denitrification conditions. The findings of this study are especially relevant for land managers in watersheds with legacy nitrogen from former agricultural land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Hall
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florence Bascom Geoscience Center, Reston, VA, USA.
| | - Masoumeh Sikaroodi
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
- Microbiome Analysis Center (MBAC), Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Dianna Hogan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Deputy Regional Director for Science, Southeast Region, Reston, VA, USA
| | - R Christian Jones
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Potomac Environmental Research and Education Center (PEREC), George Mason University, Woodbridge, VA, USA
| | - Patrick M Gillevet
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
- Microbiome Analysis Center (MBAC), Manassas, VA, USA
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9
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Kalu CM, Rauwane ME, Ntushelo K. Microbial Spectra, Physiological Response and Bioremediation Potential of Phragmites australis for Agricultural Production. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.696196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common reed (Phragmites australis) can invade and dominate in its natural habitat which is mainly wetlands. It can tolerate harsh environments as well as remediate polluted and environmental degraded sites such as mine dumps and other polluted wastelands. For this reason, this can be a very critical reed to reclaim wastelands for agricultural use to ensure sustainability. The present review manuscript examined the microbial spectra of P. australis as recorded in various recent studies, its physiological response when growing under stress as well as complementation between rhizosphere microbes and physiological responses which result in plant growth promotion in the process of phytoremediation. Microbes associated with P. australis include Proteobacteria, Bacteriodetes, and Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes families of bacteria among others. Some of these microbes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have facilitated plant growth and phytoremediation by P. australis. This is worthwhile considering that there are vast areas of polluted and wasted land which require reclamation for agricultural use. Common reed with its associated rhizosphere microbes can be utilized in these land reclamation efforts. This present study suggests further work to identify microbes which when administered to P. australis can stimulate its growth in polluted environments and help in land reclamation efforts for agricultural use.
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10
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Valenca R, Le H, Zu Y, Dittrich TM, Tsang DCW, Datta R, Sarkar D, Mohanty SK. Nitrate removal uncertainty in stormwater control measures: Is the design or climate a culprit? WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116781. [PMID: 33401102 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is caused by excess nitrate and other nutrient exported via stormwater runoff to surface waters, which is projected to increase as a result of climate change. Despite recent increases in the implementation of stormwater control measures (SCM), nutrient export has not abated, indicating poor or inconsistent removal capacities of SCM for nitrate. However, the cause of the variability is unclear. We show that both design and local climate can explain nitrate removal variability by critically analyzing data reported on the international BMP database for nitrate removal by four common types of SCM: bioretention cells, grass swales, media filters, and retention ponds. The relative importance of climate or design on nitrate removal depends on the SCM type. Nitrate removal in grass swales and bioretention systems is more sensitive to local climate than design specifications, whereas nitrate removal in the retention ponds is less sensitive to climate and more sensitive to design features such as vegetation and pond volume. Media filters without amendment have the least capacity compared to other SCM types surveyed, and their removal capacity was independent of the local climate. Adding amendments made up of carbon biomass, iron-based media, or a mixture of these amendments can significantly improve nitrate removal. The type of carbon biomass is also a factor since biochar does not appear to affect nitrate removal. This analysis can help inform the selection of SCM and modification of their design based on local and projected climate to maximize nitrate removal and minimize eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Valenca
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Huong Le
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeyang Zu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy M Dittrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Sanjay K Mohanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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11
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Purahong W, Hossen S, Nawaz A, Sadubsarn D, Tanunchai B, Dommert S, Noll M, Ampornpan LA, Werukamkul P, Wubet T. Life on the Rocks: First Insights Into the Microbiota of the Threatened Aquatic Rheophyte Hanseniella heterophylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634960. [PMID: 34194446 PMCID: PMC8238419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about microbial communities of aquatic plants despite their crucial ecosystem function in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we analyzed the microbiota of an aquatic rheophyte, Hanseniella heterophylla, growing at three areas differing in their degree of anthropogenic disturbance in Thailand employing a metabarcoding approach. Our results show that diverse taxonomic and functional groups of microbes colonize H. heterophylla. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Dothideomycetes, and Sordariomycetes form the backbone of the microbiota. Surprisingly, the beneficial microbes reported from plant microbiomes in terrestrial habitats, such as N-fixing bacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi, were also frequently detected. We showed that biofilms for attachment of H. heterophylla plants to rocks may associate with diverse cyanobacteria (distributed in eight families, including Chroococcidiopsaceae, Coleofasciculaceae, Leptolyngbyaceae, Microcystaceae, Nostocaceae, Phormidiaceae, Synechococcaceae, and Xenococcaceae) and other rock biofilm-forming bacteria (mainly Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Flavobacterium). We found distinct community compositions of both bacteria and fungi at high and low anthropogenic disturbance levels regardless of the study areas. In the highly disturbed area, we found strong enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria and Tremellomycetes coupled with significant decline of total bacterial OTU richness. Bacteria involved with sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) degradation and human pathogenic fungi (Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula) were exclusively detected as indicator microorganisms in H. heterophylla microbiota growing in a highly disturbed area, which can pose a major threat to human health. We conclude that aquatic plant microbiota are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance. Our results also unravel the potential use of this plant as biological indicators in remediation or treatment of such disturbed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witoon Purahong
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- *Correspondence: Witoon Purahong, ;
| | - Shakhawat Hossen
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ali Nawaz
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- Department of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dolaya Sadubsarn
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Benjawan Tanunchai
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Sven Dommert
- Department of Soil Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Noll
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Coburg, Germany
| | - La-aw Ampornpan
- Department of Biology, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Petcharat Werukamkul
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakhon, Bangkok, Thailand
- Petcharat Werukamkul,
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Tang S, Liao Y, Xu Y, Dang Z, Zhu X, Ji G. Microbial coupling mechanisms of nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123759. [PMID: 32654809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal through microorganisms is the most important pathway in constructed wetlands (CWs). In this review, we summarize the microbial coupling mechanisms of nitrogen removal, which are the common methods of nitrogen transformation. The electron pathways are shortened and consumption of oxygen and energy is reduced during the coupling of nitrogen transformation functional microorganisms. The highly efficient nitrogen removal mechanisms are cultivated from the design conditions in CWs, such as intermittent aeration and tidal flow. The coupling of microorganisms and substrates enhances nitrogen removal mainly by supplying electrons, and plants affect nitrogen transformation functional microorganisms by the release of oxygen and exudates from root systems as well as providing carriers for microbial attachment. In addition, inorganic elements such as Fe, S and H act as electron donors to drive the autotrophic denitrification process in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinhao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yichan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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13
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Zhang M, Zhao D, Chen C, Yang J, Lu Q, Zhang N, Leng X, An S. The effect of re-startup strategies on the recovery of constructed wetlands after long-term resting operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123583. [PMID: 32474375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the proper re-startup strategies (RSSs) for constructed wetlands (CWs) after long-term resting operation in terms of the recovery of pollutant removal efficiency (RE) and N-cycle gene abundance. The results suggested that backwashing increased the gene abundance without shortening the recovery time of gene abundance. The RSS involving excavation and washing performed better in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) RE, especially at the beginning, and performed slightly better or similarly in terms of N-cycle gene abundance and the REs of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN). The abundance of the Amox gene was 66.1-92.8, 76.3-161.8 and 1550-2492 times larger than that of the napA, narG and amoA genes, respectively, and the anammox process was the dominant N removal pathway. Therefore, excavation and washing is recommended as the RSS for CWs with a long-term rest period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dehua Zhao
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiqiang Yang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qianqian Lu
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xin Leng
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuqing An
- Institute of Wetland Ecology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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14
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Li X, Li Y, Lv D, Li Y, Wu J. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance and bacterial communities in a multi-stage surface flow constructed wetland treating rural domestic sewage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:136235. [PMID: 31905548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A multi-stage surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) is used to treat decentralized rural domestic sewage. The performance of a multi-stage SFCW located in Hunan, China, and the associated microbial community structures were investigated. The average removal rates of the multi-stage SFCW planted with Myriophyllum elatinoides were 1.0 g m-2 d-1, 0.84 g m-2 d-1, 61.3 mg m-2 d-1, and 85.3 mg m-2 d-1 for total nitrogen (TN), ammonia (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), and total phosphorus (TP), respectively. Furthermore, the sediment and presence of plants were found to be important for the removal N and P. The average removal rates by sediment and plants were 196.6 mg N m-2 d-1 and 49.9 mg P m-2 d-1, 17.6 mg N m-2 d-1 and 8.1 mg P m-2 d-1, respectively. The microbial community profiles demonstrated that Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Euryarchaeota were the predominant phyla in each stage and at different sampling times. The concentrations of NO3-, TP, TN, and NH4+, and the pH of the sediment and water had a significant effect on the presence of denitrifying bacteria in the anaerobic environment. Whereas, dissolved oxygen (DO) and redox potential (Eh) had a significant effect on the presence of nitrifying bacteria in the aerobic environment. This research strongly supports that the use of the multi-stage SFCW promotes bacterial diversity and changes bacterial community in the sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China.
| | - Dianqing Lv
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hunan Normal University, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
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15
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Sun S, Liu J, Zhang M, He S. Thiosulfate-driven autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification processes for secondary effluent treatment: Reducing sulfate production and nitrous oxide emission. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122651. [PMID: 31887578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three ecological floating beds (EFBs) with different additional electron donors including sodium thiosulfate, mixed electron donors of sodium thiosulfate and sodium acetate and without additional electron donors were established to compare the differences of nitrogen removal efficiency, nitrous oxide emission, microbial community and functional gene between autotrophic and mixotrophic denitrification. Results showed denitrification efficiency was nearly 100% in both autotrophic and mixotrophic process when electron donors were sufficient while that ranged from 4 to 43% without additional electron donors. Sodium acetate addition could effectively decrease sulfate concentration in effluent and nitrogen oxide flux. In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis revealed autotrophic denitrifying bacteria were dominant in autotrophic denitrification while autotrophic, facultative and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria coexisted in mixotrophic denitrification, and there was no dominant genus. For EFB with mixed external autotrophic and heterotrophic electron donors, it can not only achieve better denitrification efficiency, but also reduce the emission of nitrous oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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16
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Aquatic Macrophytes and Local Factors Drive Bacterial Community Distribution and Interactions in a Riparian Zone of Lake Taihu. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic macrophytes rhizosphere are biogeochemical cycling hotspots in freshwater ecosystems. However, little is known regarding the effect of aquatic macrophytes on bacterial community and interactions in the riparian zones. We investigated the bacterial community composition and network structures along a gradient of the riparian zone as follows: The supralittoral and eulittoral zones with Phragmites australis, the eulittoral and infralittoral zones without P. australi. The bacterial communities in the four zones differed significantly based on taxonomic dissimilarity, but the two zones with P. australis exhibited phylogenetic closeness of the bacterial communities. The characteristics of the bacterial networks, such as connectivity, modularity, and topological roles of OTUs, were totally different between the P. australis and non-P. australis zones. Some bacterial phyla enriched in the P. australis zones were found to be putative keystone taxa in the networks, which might be involved in the regulation of bacterial interactions and plant growth. Moreover, the hydrological regime and particle size were shown to be determinants of the bacterial community and network structures in the riparian zones. In summary, our results show that the role of P. australis and local factors are crucial for constructing bacterial community and interactions in the riparian zones of lakes.
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17
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Liu JM, Bao ZH, Cao WW, Han JJ, Zhao J, Kang ZZ, Wang LX, Zhao J. Enrichment of Type I Methanotrophs with nirS Genes of Three Emergent Macrophytes in a Eutrophic Wetland in China. Microbes Environ 2020; 35. [PMID: 31969532 PMCID: PMC7104278 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pmoA gene, encoding particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophs, and nirS and nirK genes, encoding bacterial nitrite reductases, were examined in the root and rhizosphere sediment of three common emergent macrophytes (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, and Scirpus triqueter) and unvegetated sediment from eutrophic Wuliangsuhai Lake in China. Sequencing analyses indicated that 334 out of 351 cloned pmoA sequences were phylogenetically the most closely related to type I methanotrophs (Gammaproteobacteria), and Methylomonas denitrificans-like organisms accounted for 44.4% of the total community. In addition, 244 out of 250 cloned nirS gene sequences belonged to type I methanotrophs, and 31.2% of nirS genes were the most closely related to paddy rice soil clone SP-2-12 in Methylomonas of the total community. Three genera of type I methanotrophs, Methylomonas, Methylobacter, and Methylovulum, were common in both pmoA and nirS clone libraries in each sample. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that the copy numbers of the nirS and nirK genes were significantly higher in rhizosphere sediments than in unvegetated sediments in P. australis and T. angustifolia plants. In the same sample, the nirS gene copy number was significantly higher than that of nirK. Furthermore, type I methanotrophs were localized in the root tissues according to catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). Thus, nirS-carrying type I methanotrophs were enriched in macrophyte root and rhizosphere sediment and are expected to play important roles in carbon/nitrogen cycles in a eutrophic wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Mei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University.,College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials & Remediation Technologies, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
| | - Zhi-Hua Bao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Wei-Wei Cao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Jing-Jing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Jun Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Zhen-Zhong Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University
| | - Ji Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau & Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University.,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Waste Resource Reuse, Inner Mongolia University
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18
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Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Wu J. Enhanced nitrogen removal and quantitative analysis of removal mechanism in multistage surface flow constructed wetlands for the large-scale treatment of swine wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:575-582. [PMID: 31202022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have recently been studied as a form of green infrastructure for the enhanced removal of nitrogen (N). This study aimed to demonstrate the use of multistage surface flow constructed wetland (SFCW) for treatment of swine wastewater. The results showed chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), NH4+, and NO3- removal rates of 16.3 g m-2 d-1, 9.14 g m-2 d-1, 7.75 g m-2 d-1, and 45.49 mg m-2 d-1, respectively. The sediment and plant absorption N rates were 2.44 g m-2 d-1, and 1.24 g m-2 d-1, respectively. Moreover, the microbial process which is the primary process, by which N is removed, accounted for 56.75-65.35%. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed the highest microbial abundance in the segment of the SFCW with high N concentration. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nirK could be primarily responsible for the high removal rate of N. Factors like pH, DO, COD, N, and OM play an important role in influencing microbial abundance. It is suggested that the multistage SFCW has a promising future for the large scale treatment of swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China.
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China; Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan, 410125, PR China
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19
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Hellman M, Bonilla-Rosso G, Widerlund A, Juhanson J, Hallin S. External carbon addition for enhancing denitrification modifies bacterial community composition and affects CH 4 and N 2O production in sub-arctic mining pond sediments. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 158:22-33. [PMID: 31009831 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Explosives used in mining operations release reactive nitrogen (N) that discharge into surrounding waters. Existing pond systems at mine sites could be used for N removal through denitrification and we investigated capacity in tailings and clarification pond sediments at an iron-ore mine site. Despite differences in microbial community structure in the two ponds, the potential denitrification rates were similar, although carbon limited. Therefore, a microcosm experiment in which we amended sediment from the clarification pond with acetate, cellulose or green algae as possible carbon sources was conducted during 10 weeks under denitrifying conditions. Algae and acetate treatments showed efficient nitrate removal and increased potential denitrification rates, whereas cellulose was not different from the control. Denitrifiers were overall more abundant than bacteria performing dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) or anaerobic ammonium oxidation, although DNRA bacteria increased in the algae treatment and this coincided with accumulation of ammonium. The algae addition also caused higher emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The bacterial community in this treatment had a large proportion of Bacteroidia, sulfate reducing taxa and bacteria known as fermenters. Functional gene abundances indicated an imbalance between organisms that produce N2O in relation to those that can reduce it, with the algae treatment showing the lowest relative capacity for N2O reduction. These findings show that pond sediments have the potential to contribute to mitigating nitrate levels in water from mining industry, but it is important to consider the type of carbon supply as it affects the community composition, which in turn can lead to unwanted processes and increased greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hellman
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Germán Bonilla-Rosso
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anders Widerlund
- Luleå University of Technology, Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, 97187, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Jaanis Juhanson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sara Hallin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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20
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Sun S, Gao L, He S, Huang J, Zhou W. Nitrogen removal in response to plants harvesting in two kinds of enhanced hydroponic root mats treating secondary effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:200-209. [PMID: 30903893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponic root mats (HRMs) are a green technology for various wastewaters purification. However, plants wilting will inevitably reduce the purification efficiency of HRMs. Harvesting as an important way of plant management for a better understanding of sustainability of HRMs has always been highly controversial. The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts and sustainability of harvesting on nitrogen removal and greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O) emissions of the two kinds of enhanced hydroponic root mats: autotrophic hydroponic root mat (AHRM) and heterotrophic hydroponic root mat (HHRM) for treating secondary effluent. The results showed that harvesting temporarily decreased nitrogen removal efficiency of the two systems, and removal efficiency recovered quickly because of the existence of external electron donors. The effects of harvesting are ordered as: HHRM > AHRM, NO3--N > NH4+-N. Increasing C/N, S/N would reduce the impact of temperature on harvesting systems. Harvesting also increased the emission of greenhouse gases, and increasing C/N(=6), S/N(=1.1) could significantly reduce greenhouse gases emission of the harvesting systems at low temperature. In addition, composition analysis of the shoots of the harvested plants was also conducted, and the results showed that N contents of growing shoots were significantly higher than that of withered shoots. In order to make the hydroponic root mats sustainable, harvesting before the plants wilt is more effective in removing nitrogen from the system permanently and maintain a sustainable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- CCCC Ecological Environmental Protection Investments CO., LTD, Beijing 100013, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, PR China.
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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21
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Kujala K, Karlsson T, Nieminen S, Ronkanen AK. Design parameters for nitrogen removal by constructed wetlands treating mine waters and municipal wastewater under Nordic conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:559-570. [PMID: 30699376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) loads from municipal and mine wastewater discharges typically increase N concentrations in recipient water bodies which should get more attention especially in cold-climate regions. This study compared N removal efficiency of six constructed wetlands (CWs) treating mine waters and three CWs polishing municipal wastewater. There were clear impacts of point source N loading to recipient water bodies in all cases studied and >300-fold increase in N was seen in some cases. First-order N removal coefficient was determined for seven of these CWs. All CWs studied were observed to remove N efficiently during the warm growing season but the amount of N released increased significantly during the cold season. Although some year-round purification was achieved by both peat-based and pond-type CWs, removal of nitrate + nitrite-N ((NO3- + NO2-)-N) was low during winter. The first-order N removal coefficient varied from 4.9 · 10-6 to 1.9 · 10-3 d-1 and showed that peat-based CWs were slightly more efficient in N removal than pond-type CWs. However, purification efficiency was steadier and higher for pond-type CWs, as lower hydraulic load or longer water residence time compensated for purification performance. Pond-type CWs showed mean removal efficiency of 59% and 46% for ammonium-N (NH4+-N) and (NO3- + NO2-)-N, respectively, whereas peatland-type CWs had lower removal efficiency for NH4+-N (mean of 26%) and in many cases negative removal for (NO3- + NO2-)-N. Correlation analysis revealed no clear, systematic relationship between temperature and N removal. However, in some CWs the highest correlation was between temperature and (NO3- + NO2-)-N, reflecting lower denitrification rate at lower temperature. More than 50% removal was found to require a hydraulic load below 10 mm d-1. In order to achieve 70% of NH4+-N removal, Ntot load lower than 75 g m-2 year-1 and a residence time longer than 80 d are needed in CWs in cold-climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kujala
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland
| | - Teemu Karlsson
- Industrial Environments and Recycling Unit, Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 1237, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soile Nieminen
- Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment, P.O. Box 115, FI-87101 Kajaani, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Ronkanen
- Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Research Unit, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FI-90014, Finland.
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22
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Ma Y, Zilles JL, Kent AD. An evaluation of primers for detecting denitrifiers via their functional genes. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:1196-1210. [PMID: 30724437 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microbial populations provide nitrogen cycling ecosystem services at the nexus of agriculture, environmental quality and climate change. Denitrification, in particular, impacts socio-environmental systems in both positive and negative ways, through reduction of aquatic and atmospheric nitrogen pollution, but also reduction of soil fertility and production of greenhouse gases. However, denitrification rates are quite variable in time and space, and therefore difficult to model. Microbial ecology is working to improve the predictive ecology of denitrifiers by quantifying and describing the diversity of microbial functional groups. However, metagenomic sequencing has revealed previously undescribed diversity within these functional groups, and highlighted a need to reevaluate coverage of existing DNA primers for denitrification functional genes. We provide here a comprehensive in silico evaluation of primer sets that target diagnostic genes in the denitrification pathway. This analysis makes use of current DNA sequence data available for each functional gene. It contributes a comparative analysis of the strengths and limitations of each primer set for describing denitrifier functional groups. This analysis identifies genes for which development of new tools is needed, and aids in interpretation of existing datasets, both of which will facilitate application of molecular methods to further develop the predictive ecology of denitrifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Ma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Julie L Zilles
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Angela D Kent
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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23
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Li J, Wang JT, Hu HW, Cai ZJ, Lei YR, Li W, Zhang MY, Li ZM, Zhu YN, Cui LJ. Changes of the denitrifying communities in a multi-stage free water surface constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1419-1425. [PMID: 30308829 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play crucial roles in the nitrogen removal processes of wetlands. However, the key functional genes and microbes related to the nitrogen removal remain largely unknown in the free water surface constructed wetland (FWS CW). Here we studied the abundances of denitrifiers by targeting the key functional genes (nirS, nirK and nosZ) and investigated the community compositions of denitrifiers and their correlations with the abiotic variables in a FWS CW. The increase of nosZ/(nirS + nirK) and nirS/nirK ratios in the outlet indicated a shift of denitrifiers' communities which tended to release less nitrous oxide at the genetic potential level. The denitrifiers dominated the bacterial community which also remarkably changed from the inlet to the outlet. PICRUSt analysis revealed that the denitrifiers contributed to 39.1% of the nitrogen metabolism, 38.9% of the amino acid metabolism and 25.6% of the amino acid related enzymes. Four bacterial genera including Hydrogenophaga, Hylemonella, Aquabacterium and Cellvibrio were detected as the putative keystone denitrifiers. The abundance (nirS, nirK and nosZ) and the relative abundance of putative keystone denitrifiers were significantly correlated with total organic carbon, oxidation-reduction potential and C/N ratio, which could be regarded as the determinants for the denitrification process in the free water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Jun-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Zhang-Jie Cai
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Yin-Ru Lei
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Man-Yin Zhang
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Zong-Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Zhu
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China
| | - Li-Juan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China; Beijing Hanshiqiao National Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Beijing 101399, China.
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24
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Zheng Y, Dzakpasu M, Wang X, Zhang L, Ngo HH, Guo W, Zhao Y. Molecular characterization of long-term impacts of macrophytes harvest management in constructed wetlands. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 268:514-522. [PMID: 30114671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is little understanding of constructed wetlands (CWs) microbial community patterns in response to harvest management. Therefore, long-term impacts of harvesting Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel annually in November on the activity and community structure of microorganisms critical to the treatment efficiency of CW are elucidated. Findings show exponential increases in P. australis density and biomass with continuous harvesting, up to three times over unharvested CW. High-throughput pyrosequencing analysis demonstrates that plants harvesting improves the microbial community diversity and richness significantly, and more particularly, the relative abundance of Flavobacterium, Paenisporosarcina, and Povalibacter, which are extensively associated with CW performance. Consequently, increased plants biomass resulted in enhanced plants nutrients uptake in harvested (56.5 g N/m2, 5.5 g P/m2) than unharvested CWs (17.5 g N/m2, 1.8 g P/m2), whereas improved rhizosphere microclimates significantly enhanced nutrients removals in harvested CW (TN 109.9 g/m2 vs 67.4 g/m2, TP 18.0 g/m2 vs 13.0 g/m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; International Science & Technology Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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25
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Choudhury MI, McKie BG, Hallin S, Ecke F. Mixtures of macrophyte growth forms promote nitrogen cycling in wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:1436-1443. [PMID: 29710596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of aquatic plant diversity in regulating nutrient cycling in wetlands remains poorly understood. We investigated how variation in macrophyte growth form (emerging, submerged and bryophyte) combinations and species mixtures affect nitrogen (N) removal from the water and N accumulation in plant biomass. We conducted a wetland mesocosm experiment for 100 days during July-September 2015. Twelve species were grown in mono- and in two-species mixed cultures for a total of 32 single and two-growth form combinations. Nitrogen removal from the water was quantified on three occasions during the experiment, while N accumulation in plant biomass was determined following termination of the experiment. The number of species and growth forms present increased N removal and accumulation. The growth form combinations of emerging and bryophyte species showed the highest N accumulation and N removal from water, followed by combinations of emerging species. By contrast, submerged species growing in the presence of emerging or other submerged species showed the lowest levels of N accumulation and N removal. Temporal variation in N removal also differed among growth form combinations: N removal was highest for emerging-bryophyte combinations in July, but peaked for the emerging-submerged and emerging-bryophyte combinations in August. Indeed, the occurrence of complementarity among macrophyte species, particularly in combinations of bryophyte and emerging species, enhanced N removal and uptake during the entire growing season. Our study highlights the importance of bryophytes, which have been neglected in research on nutrient cycling in wetlands, for aquatic N cycling, especially given their worldwide distribution across biomes. Overall, our findings point towards the potential important role of the diversity of macrophyte growth forms in regulating key ecosystem processes related to N cycling in wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidul I Choudhury
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Brendan G McKie
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frauke Ecke
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7050, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Liu W, Yao L, Jiang X, Guo L, Cheng X, Liu G. Sediment denitrification in Yangtze lakes is mainly influenced by environmental conditions but not biological communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:978-987. [PMID: 29102190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, shallow lakes have suffered from excessive nitrogen (N) loading due to increased human activities in catchments, resulting in water quality degradation and aquatic biodiversity loss. Sediment denitrification, which reduces nitrate (NO3-) to N gaseous products, is the most important mechanism for permanent N removal in freshwater lakes. However, the relative contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to the sediment denitrification is highly variable. Here, we determined the unamended denitrification rate and nitrous oxide (N2O) production rate of 74 sediment samples from 22 eutrophic lakes in the Yangtze River basin. We also quantified the diversity and abundance of denitrifying communities using nirK and nirS genes. The results of variance partitioning analyses showed that water physicochemical properties (e.g., dissolved oxygen) and nutrients (e.g., NO3- concentration) but not denitrifier communities and submerged vegetation were the major factor groups predicting denitrification and N2O production rates. Path analyses further revealed that water physicochemical properties and nutrients could affect denitrification and N2O production rates both directly and indirectly, and the direct effects were considerably higher than the indirect effects mediated through changes in sediment characteristics, denitrifier communities and submerged vegetation. These findings suggest that the dominant N removal process in Yangtze lakes is largely regulated by abiotic factors rather than diversity and abundance of denitrifiers and submerged macrophytes. Additionally, the findings in this study are helpful in developing a targeted strategy to assess and enhance the N removal capability of eutrophic lakes in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53204, USA
| | - Lu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Laodong Guo
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee 53204, USA
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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27
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Wu H, Wang X, He X, Zhang S, Liang R, Shen J. Effects of root exudates on denitrifier gene abundance, community structure and activity in a micro-polluted constructed wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:697-703. [PMID: 28456121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In micro-polluted constructed wetland (CW), the low pollutant concentrations and the low COD/N ratios (chemical oxygen demand: total nitrogen in influent), make the biological treatment more difficult. It is expected that root exudates drive microbial-based transformations within plant rhizosphere. In this research, the roles of root exudates of three aquatic plants (Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia and Cyperus alternifolius) in improving the growth of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria were determined in a micro-polluted CW. In studied root rhizospheres, the total organic carbon (TOC) released from the plant roots varied significantly among plant species and seasons; the average TOC ranged from 0.1715 to 0.9221mgg-1rootDMd-1, which could fuel a denitrification rate of approximately 156-841kgNO3--Nha-1year-1 if all were used by the denitrifying bacteria; the abundances of nirK- and nirS-encoding bacteria were significantly influenced by the concentration of sucrose and glucose (0.869≤r≤0.933, p<0.05), and microbial community richness and diversity had response to root exudates. The results revealed that root exudates can act as endogenous carbon sources for heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria and ultimately determine the microbe distribution patterns in micro-polluted CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaojuan He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengbo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rubing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
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28
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Effects of Selected Root Exudate Components on Nitrogen Removal and Development of Denitrifying Bacteria in Constructed Wetlands. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9060430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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29
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Kang Y, Zhang J, Xie H, Guo Z, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liang S. Enhanced nutrient removal and mechanisms study in benthic fauna added surface-flow constructed wetlands: The role of Tubifex tubifex. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:157-165. [PMID: 27866806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study designed a combined benthic fauna-T. orientalis-substrate-microbes surface-flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) through the addition of T. tubifex. Results showed that, the removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus in the tested SFCWs achieved 81.14±4.16% and 70.49±7.60%, which were 22.27% and 27.35% higher than that without T. tubifex. Lower nitrate (2.11±0.79mg/L) and ammonium (0.75±0.64mg/L) were also observed in the tested SFCWs, which were 3.46mg/L and 0.52mg/L lower than that without T. tubifex. Microbial study confirmed the increased denitrifiers with T. tubifex. The lower nitrogen in effluent was also attributed to higher contents of nitrogen storage in sediment and T. orientalis due to the bioturbation of T. tubifex. Furthermore, with T. tubifex, higher proportions of particulate (22.66±3.96%) and colloidal phosphorus (20.57±3.39%) observed promoted phosphorus settlement and further absorption by T. orientalis. The outcomes of this study provides an ecological and economical strategy for improving the performance of SFCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Shuang Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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30
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Paranychianakis NV, Tsiknia M, Kalogerakis N. Pathways regulating the removal of nitrogen in planted and unplanted subsurface flow constructed wetlands. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 102:321-329. [PMID: 27379728 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-stage constructed wetlands (CWs) are characterized by a low potential for N removal. Understanding the pathways regulating N cycling as well as their dependence on environmental variables might improve the potential of CWs for N removal and results in more accurate simulation tools. In this study we employed qPCR targeting marker functional genes (amoA, nirK, nirS, clade I and II nosZ) or microorganisms (anammox) regulating key pathways of N cycling to unravel their relative importance. Furthermore, the influence of plant species on treatment performance was studied. Our findings indicated nitrification-denitrification as the principal route of N removal in CWs, while anammox did not have a strong contribution. Evidence was also arisen that ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) contributed on NH3 oxidation. Overall, plant species had a weak effect on the abundance of N functional genes (amoA of AOA), but it strongly affected the performance of CWs in terms of N removal in the following order: unplanted < Phragmites communis < Typha latifolia. These findings suggest that plant species stimulate N removal by upregulating the rates that the responsible biochemical pathways operate, probably by increasing O2 supply. In addition, our study revealed differences in indicators linked to N2O emissions. The abundance of clade II nosZ genes remained low across the season scaling down a strong contribution in the reduction of the emitted N2O. The increasing ratios of nosZ/Σnir and nirS/nirK with the progress of season indicate a shift in the composition of denitrifiers towards strains with a lower genetic potential for N2O release. Similar trends were observed among the treatments but the mechanisms differed. The planted treatments stimulated an increase in the ΣnosZ/Σnir ratio, while the unplanted an increase in the nirS/nirK ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos V Paranychianakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechnioupolis, 73100, Chania, Greece.
| | - Myrto Tsiknia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechnioupolis, 73100, Chania, Greece
| | - Nicolas Kalogerakis
- School of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechnioupolis, 73100, Chania, Greece
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31
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Zheng Y, Wang X, Dzakpasu M, Zhao Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Ge Y, Xiong J. Effects of interspecific competition on the growth of macrophytes and nutrient removal in constructed wetlands: A comparative assessment of free water surface and horizontal subsurface flow systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:134-141. [PMID: 26874442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of competition between adjoining interspecific colonies of Phragmites and Typha in two large field pilot-scale free water surface (FWS) and subsurface flow (SSF) CWs is evaluated. According to findings, the effect of interspecific competition was notable for Phragmites australis, whereby it showed the highest growth performance in both FWS and SSF wetland. In a mixed-culture, P. australis demonstrates superiority in terms of competitive interactions for space between plants. Furthermore, the interspecific competition among planted species seemed to cause different ecological responses of plant species in the two CWs. For example, while relatively high density and shoot height determined the high aboveground dry weight of P. australis in the FWS wetland, this association was not evident in the SSF. Additionally, while plants nutrients uptake accounts for a higher proportion of the nitrogen removal in FWS, that in the SSF accounts for a higher proportion of the phosphorous removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Mawuli Dzakpasu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- UCD Dooge Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Civil Engineering, Newstead Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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32
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Liu J, Wang F, Liu W, Tang C, Wu C, Wu Y. Nutrient removal by up-scaling a hybrid floating treatment bed (HFTB) using plant and periphyton: From laboratory tank to polluted river. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 207:142-149. [PMID: 26878359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Planted floating treatment bed (FTB) is an innovative technique of removing nutrients from polluted water but limited in deep water and cold seasons. Periphyton was integrated into FTB for a hybrid floating treatment bed (HFTB) to improve its nutrient removal capacity. To assess its potential for treating nutrient-polluted rivers, HFTB was up-scaled from 5L laboratory tanks to 350L outdoor tanks and then to a commercial-scale 900m section of polluted river. Plants and periphyton interacted in HFTB with periphyton limiting plant root growth and plants having shading effects on periphyton. Non-overlapping distribution of plants and periphyton can minimize the negative interactions in HFTB. HFTB successfully kept TN and TP of the river at less than 2.0 and 0.02mgL(-1), respectively. This study indicates that HFTB can be easily up-scaled for nutrients removal from polluted rivers in different seasons providing a long-term, environmentally-friendly method to remediate polluted ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fengwu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cilai Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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