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Zhang D, Liu F, Al MA, Yang Y, Yu H, Li M, Wu K, Niu M, Wang C, He Z, Yan Q. Nitrogen and sulfur cycling and their coupling mechanisms in eutrophic lake sediment microbiomes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172518. [PMID: 38631637 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms play important roles in the biogeochemical cycles of lake sediment. However, the integrated metabolic mechanisms governing nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cycling in eutrophic lakes remain poorly understood. Here, metagenomic analysis of field and bioreactor enriched sediment samples from a typical eutrophic lake were applied to elucidate the metabolic coupling of N and S cycling. Our results showed significant diverse genes involved in the pathways of dissimilatory sulfur metabolism, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The N and S associated functional genes and microbial groups generally showed significant correlation with the concentrations of NH4+, NO2- and SO42, while with relatively low effects from other environmental factors. The gene-based co-occurrence network indicated clear cooperative interactions between N and S cycling in the sediment. Additionally, our analysis identified key metabolic processes, including the coupled dissimilatory sulfur oxidation (DSO) and DNRA as well as the association of thiosulfate oxidation complex (SOX systems) with denitrification pathway. However, the enriched N removal microorganisms in the bioreactor ecosystem demonstrated an additional electron donor, incorporating both the SOX systems and DSO processes. Metagenome-assembled genomes-based ecological model indicated that carbohydrate metabolism is the key linking factor for the coupling of N and S cycling. Our findings uncover the coupling mechanisms of microbial N and S metabolism, involving both inorganic and organic respiration pathways in lake sediment. This study will enhance our understanding of coupled biogeochemical cycles in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mamun Abdullah Al
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuchun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Resources Environment and Safety Engineering, Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kun Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mingyang Niu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhili He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching in Lingdingyang Bay, China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xu F, Peng Y, Gu X, Sun S, Li A, He S. Revealing sulfur-iron coupling mechanism for enhanced autotrophic denitrification in ecological floating beds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130800. [PMID: 38734259 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
A sulfur-iron coupled ecological floating bed (EFB-SFe) was developed to enhance the denitrification capability of sulfur-based ecological floating beds (EFB-S). The denitrification performance, kinetic process and microbial community composition were explored. Results showed that sulfur-iron coupling effectively enhanced the denitrification performance of EFB, surpassing the sum of their individual effects. The average total nitrogen removal rate ranged from 1.56 to 4.56 g·m-2·d-1, with a removal efficiency of 22-84 %. The k value for the S + Fe group increased from 0.04 to 0.18 d-1 to 0.40-0.46 d-1 relative to the S group. The sulfur-iron coupling promoted the enrichment of denitrifying bacteria (Thiobacillus and Ferritrophicum). The denitrification genes in EFB-SFe were upregulated, being 12-22 times more abundant than in EFB-S. Sulfur and iron autotrophic denitrification were identified as the main nitrogen removal processes in EFB-SFe. Overall, sulfur-iron coupling showed the potential to enhance the denitrification capacity of EFB-S for treating low-pollution water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Anqi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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Xu JM, Zi HY, Xu HR, Zhang YF, Ren DH, Zeng R, Zhang GJ, Wang A, Cheng HY. Improved efficiency and stability using a novel elemental sulfur-based moving-bed denitrification process. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121391. [PMID: 38452528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur-based denitrification (ESDeN) technology is known as a cost-saving alternative to its heterotrophic counterpart for nutrient removal from organic-deficient water. However, the traditional fixed-bed reactor (FixBR), as an extensively used process, suffers from a low denitrification rate and even performance deterioration during long-term operation. Herein, we proposed a novel elemental sulfur-based denitrifying moving-bed reactor (ESDeN-MovBR), in which a screw rotator was employed to drive the filled sulfur particles to be microfluidized vertically (a state of vertical-loop movement). Our results showed that the ESDeN-MovBR realized much superior and more stable denitrification performance compared to the ESDeN-FixBR, as indicated by 3.09-fold higher denitrification rate and over one order of magnitude lower intermediates (NO2- and N2O) yield, which could last for over 100 days. Further research revealed that the microfluidization of sulfur particles facilitated the expelling of nitrogen bubbles and excessive biomass, resulting in the prolongation of actual hydraulic retention time by over 80 % and could partially explain the higher denitrification rate in ESDeN-MovBR. The remaining contribution to the improvement of denitrification rate was suggested to be result from changes in biofilm properties, in which the biofilm thickness of ESDeN-MovBR was found to be 3.29 times thinner yet enriched with 2.52 times more autotrophic denitrifiers. This study offered a completely new solution to boost up the denitrification performance of ESDeN technology and provided in-depth evidence for the necessity of biofilm thickness control in such technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hu-Yi Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao-Ran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Da-Heng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ran Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Clements E, Nahum Y, Pérez-Calleja P, Kim B, Nerenberg R. Effects of temperature on nitrifying membrane-aerated biofilms: An experimental and modeling study. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121272. [PMID: 38367375 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is known to have an important effect on the morphology and removal fluxes of conventional, co-diffusional biofilms. However, much less is known about the effects of temperature on membrane-aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs). Experiments and modeling were used to determine the effects of temperature on the removal fluxes, biofilm thickness and morphology, and biofilm microbial community structure of nitrifying MABRs. Steady state tests were carried out at 10 °C and 30 °C. MABRs grown at 30 °C had higher ammonium removal fluxes (5.5 ± 0.9 g-N/m2/day at 20 mgN/L) than those grown at 10 °C (3.4 ± 0.2 g-N/m2/day at 20 mgN/L). The 30 °C biofilms were thinner and rougher, with a lower protein to polysaccharides ratio (PN/PS) in their extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix and greater amounts of biofilm detachment. Based on fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH), there was a higher relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria at 30 °C than at 10 °C, and the ratio of AOB to total nitrifiers (AOB + NOB) was higher at 30 °C (95.1 ± 2.3%) than at 10 °C (77.2 ± 8.6 %). Anammox bacteria were more abundant at 30 °C (16.6 ± 3.7 %) than at 10 °C (6.5 ± 2.4 %). Modeling suggested that higher temperatures increase ammonium oxidation fluxes when the biofilm is limited by ammonium. However, fluxes decrease when oxygen becomes limited, i.e., when the bulk ammonium concentrations are high, due to decreased oxygen solubility. Consistent with the experimental results, the model predicted that the percentage of AOB to total nitrifiers at 30 °C was higher than at 10 °C. To investigate the effects of temperature on biofilm diffusivity and O2 solubility, without longer-term changes in the microbial community, MABR biofilms were grown to steady state at 20 °C, then the temperature changed to 10 °C or 30 °C overnight. Higher ammonium oxidation fluxes were obtained at higher temperatures: 1.91 ± 0.24 g-N/m2/day at 10 °C and 3.19 ± 0.40 g-N/m2/day at 30 °C. Overall, this work provides detailed insights into the effect of temperature on nitrifying MABRs, which can be used to better understand MABR behavior and manage MABR reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Clements
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Southern Nevada Water Authority, 1299 Burkholder Blvd., Henderson, NV 89015, USA
| | - Yanina Nahum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Patricia Pérez-Calleja
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Bumkyu Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 156 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Sun YL, Zhang JZ, Ngo HH, Shao CY, Wei W, Zhang XN, Guo W, Cheng HY, Wang AJ. Optimized start-up strategies for elemental sulfur packing bioreactor achieving effective autotrophic denitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168036. [PMID: 37890632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The start-up efficiency of the elemental sulfur packing bioreactor (S0PB) is constrained by the slow growth kinetics of autotrophic microorganisms, which is essentially optimized. This study aims to optimize start-up procedures and offer scientific guidance for the practical applications of S0PB. Through comparing the start-up efficiencies under various conditions related to inoculation, backwashing, and EBCT, it was found that these conditions did not significantly influence start-up time, but they did impact denitrification performance in detail. Using activated sludge as the inoculum was not recommended as the 2.5 ± 0.2 mg-N/L higher nitrite accumulation and 26.0 ± 5.1 % lower TN removal rate, compared to self-enrichment. Starting with a long-to-short EBCT (1 → 0.33 h) achieved higher nitrate removal of 11.5 ± 0.6 mg-N/L and eliminated nitrite accumulation compared to constantly short EBCT (0.33 h) conditions. Daily and postponed backwashing were suggested for long-to-short EBCT and constantly short EBCT start-up, respectively. Enrichment of Sulfurimonas was beneficial for the effective nitrite reduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jing-Zhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Chen-Yang Shao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Zhu T, Ding J, Liu Y, Li X, Wang Z, Liu Y. The effect of organic sources on the electron distribution and N 2O emission in sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification biofilters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166126. [PMID: 37562622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SAD) is considered as an effective alternative to traditional heterotrophic denitrification (HD) due to its cheap, low sludge production and non-toxicity. Nitrous oxide (N2O) as an intermediate product inevitably was generated at the limited supply of electron donor or unbalanced electron distribution condition during the denitrification process. Recently, autotrophic denitrification biofilters were conclusively implemented for advanced nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). However, residual organic sources after wastewater treatment could affect the electron distribution among denitrifying reductases and few studies are known about this issue. In this study, several lab-scale biofilters packed with elemental sulfur slices were applied to explore the electron distribution characteristics of autotrophic denitrification through the combination of different nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results clearly delineated that the different combination of nitrogen oxides had a remarkable effect on the electron distribution. In any case, the electrons likely flow toward nitrate reductase (Nar) under a single nitrogen oxide combination, followed by nitrite reductase (Nir) and nitrous oxide reductase (Nos). The concurrent presence of multiple electron acceptors resulted in most electrons flowing toward Nar, and least toward Nos. Compared to traditional SAD, the reduction rate of nitrogen oxide in the sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification with influent of organic source (OSAD) was greatly improved. The maximum value of the true specific rates of NO3- in OSAD process was 9.43 mg-N/g-VSS/h. It was increased by 8.26 folds higher than that in traditional SAD. The electrons were more easily distributed to Nos with the addition of sodium acetate, which further promoted the N2O reduction. This study will provide theoretical support for controlling N2O release in SAD biofilters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiazeng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xufeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Cao Y, Cui Z, Daigger GT. Monitoring biofilm thickness using the membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) fingerprint soft sensor to optimize nitrogen removal. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10955. [PMID: 38095263 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing commercialization and installation of full-scale membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) stimulate the increasing need to monitor biofilm development. Biofilm thickness in MABRs can be assessed indirectly by plotting the exhaust oxygen purity versus bulk ammonia concentration, defined here as the MABR fingerprint soft sensor. Dynamic simulations with diurnal flow variations of an MABR unit model were implemented over a broad range of biofilm thicknesses and influent conditions consisting of variable C/N ratios and applied ammonia fluxes to assess the utility of the MABR fingerprint. Results show that the continuously decreasing trend of the MABR fingerprint plot slopes can be employed as a useful signal for biofilm thickness control in nitrogen removal processes. This technique is useful in a wide range of influent conditions and is helpful for MABR operators and designers to arrange biofilm thickness control events efficiently and determine where in an overall treatment process the technique can be applied to control biofilm thickness and optimize process performance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: The linear relationship between exhaust oxygen purity and bulk ammonia concentration is defined as the MABR fingerprint plot. MABR fingerprint plots are generated for a given biofilm thickness with diurnal flow or short-term loading variations implemented. Continuously decreasing trends of the MABR fingerprint plot slopes are useful signals for biofilm control in nitrogen removal. The MABR fingerprint is useful over a wide range of influent conditions regarding C/N ratios and applied ammonia fluxes. MABR practitioners can use the fingerprint plots to determine when biofilm control measures should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Zihao Cui
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Wang L, Liu J, Li Y, Liu Z, Zhang L, Che H, Cui H, Zhang Y. Elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification process for effective removal of nitrate in mariculture wastewater: Performance, kinetics and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139354. [PMID: 37394184 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
To date, there is a lack of systematic investigation on the elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SDAD) process for removing nitrate (NO3--N) from mariculture wastewater deficient in organic carbon sources. Therefore, a packed-bed reactor was established and continuously operated for 230 days to investigate the operation performance, kinetic characteristics and microbial community of SDAD biofilm process. Results indicate that the NO3--N removal efficiencies and rates varied with the operational conditions including HRT (1-4 h), influent concentrations of NO3--N (25-100 mg L-1) and DO (0.2-7.0 mg L-1), and temperature (10oC-30 °C), in the ranges of 51.4%-98.6% and 0.054-0.546 g L-1 d-1, respectively. Limestone could partially neutralize the produced acidity. Small portions of NO3--N were converted to nitrite (<4.5%) and ammonia (<2.8%) in the reactor. Operational conditions also influenced the production of acidity, nitrite and ammonia as well as sulfate. Shortening HRT and increasing influent NO3--N concentration turned the optimal fitting model depicting the NO3--N removal along the reactor from half-order to zero-order. Furthermore, the NO3--N removal was accelerated by a higher temperature and influent NO3--N concentration and a lower HRT and influent DO concentration. Microbial richness, evenness and diversity gradually decreased during the autotrophic denitrifier enrichment cultivation and the reactor start-up and operation. Sulfurimonas constituted the predominate genus and the primary functional bacteria in the reactor. This study highlights the SDAD as a promising way to control the coastal eutrophication associated with mariculture wastewater discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Long Zhang
- National Fisheries Technology Extension Center, China Society of Fisheries, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Hong Che
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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Derafshi M, Asgari Lajayer B, Hassani A, Dell B. Effects of acidifiers on soil greenhouse gas emissions in calcareous soils in a semi-arid area. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5113. [PMID: 36991072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn most agricultural fields, when soil pH is high, elemental sulfur or sulfuric acid are used to reduce soil pH and increase the availability of macro and micronutrients for optimum crop yield. However, how these inputs impact soil greenhouse gas emissions is unknown. This study aimed to measure the amount of greenhouse gas emissions and pH after the application of various doses of elemental sulfur (ES) and sulfuric acid (SA). Using static chambers, this study quantifies soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) for 12 months after the application of ES (200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 kg ha−1) and SA (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha−1) to a calcareous soil (pH 8.1) in Zanjan, Iran. Also, in order to simulate rainfed and dryland farming which are common practices in this area, this study was conducted with and without sprinkler irrigation. Application of ES slowly decreased soil pH (more than half a unit) over the year whereas application of SA temporarily reduced the pH (less than a half unit) for a few weeks. CO2 and N2O emissions and CH4 uptake were maximum during summer and lowest in winter. Cumulative CO2 fluxes ranged from 1859.2 kg−1 CO2-C ha−1 year−1 in the control treatment to 2269.6 kg CO2-C ha−1 year−1 in the 1000 kg ha−1 ES treatment. Cumulative fluxes for N2O-N were 2.5 and 3.7 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1 and cumulative CH4 uptakes were 0.2 and 2.3 kg CH4-C ha−1 year−1 in the same treatments. Irrigation significantly increased CO2 and N2O emissions and, depending on the amount of ES applied, decreased or increased CH4 uptake. SA application had a negligible effect on GHGs emissions in this experiment and only the highest amount of SA altered GHGs emissions.
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Yang J, Yang Q, Zhao H, He L. Elastomeric Polyurethane Foam from Elemental Sulfur with Exceptional Mercury Capture Capability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Section for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu & The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lirong He
- School of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Han J, Qi X, Liang P. Improved sulfur autotrophic denitrification using supplementary bovine serum albumin. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160147. [PMID: 36375551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Excess nitrate presented in natural water body and drinking water has been a challenge for maintaining safe ecosystem and human health. Sulfur autotrophic denitrification is proved a feasible technology to remove nitrate from water environment. However, comparatively low rate of sulfur autotrophic denitrification needs to be addressed before wide application of this technology, which is a result of the low solubility of elemental sulfur. Therefore, this study employed bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a supplementary material to modify the elemental sulfur for improved sulfur autotrophic denitrification rate. Artificial biofilm of Thiobacillus denitrificans was prepared and employed in experiments. By testing different amount of BSA applied in both elemental sulfur and the biofilm, including 1 %, 2 % and 4 % mass ratios, it was found that larger employment of BSA had significant effect in increasing the denitrification rate. Particularly when 4 % BSA was added into elemental sulfur, the highest denitrification rate reached 26.8 mg-N/(L·d), 3.7 times of the control group. Meanwhile, the largest reaction rate constant was achieved, 4.13 mg0.5/(L0.5·d), 2.78 times of the control group. This effect was attributed to promoted conversion of elemental sulfur to polysulfide that was easily utilized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. A long-term operation (14 days) of packed bed reactor filled with sulfur particles and 1 % BSA delivered a much faster start-up than the control and outperformed it with better denitrification performance all-through the experiment. This result evidenced again that BSA could make a highly effective supplement in sulfur autotrophic denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Han
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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12
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Dong H, Sun YL, Sun Q, Zhang XN, Wang HC, Wang AJ, Cheng HY. Effect of sulfur particle morphology on the performance of element sulfur-based denitrification packed-bed reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 367:128238. [PMID: 36334869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of particle morphology on denitrification performance in element sulfur-based denitrification (ESDeN) packed-bed process is a gap. In this study, three different types of commercial sulfur particles were selected to build the ESDeN reactors. The results showed the reactors filled with rougher sulfur particles took shorter time to reach stable denitrification performance in the start-up stage. The reactors filled with cap-shape sulfur particles received the maximum nitrate removal rate of 849.49 ± 79.29 g N m-3 d-1 at empty bed contact time of 0.50 h, which was 2.34 times higher than that with ball-shape sulfur particles in the steady stage. The superior denitrification performance in the cap-shape particles set linked to its larger effective volumetric surface area (ωe, 1.67 times larger) and to the longer actual hydraulic retention time (AHRT, 1.80 times longer). This study extends the knowledge of the dependency of sulfur particle properties on denitrification performance in ESDeN packed-bed reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yi-Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xue-Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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13
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Wang J, Chen S, Zeng Q, Jiang H, Chang H, Zhang TC, Tian X, Li Y, Liang Y, Wang K. Polydopamine/UiO-66-NH2 Induced Photothermal Antibacterial Electrospun Membrane for Efficient Point-of-Use Drinking Water Treatment. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Zhou J, Wu C, Pang S, Yang L, Yao M, Li X, Xia S, Rittmann BE. Dissimilatory and Cytoplasmic Antimonate Reductions in a Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14808-14816. [PMID: 36201672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (H2-MBfR) was operated to investigate the bioreduction of antimonate [Sb(V)] in terms of Sb(V) removal, the fate of Sb, and the pathways of reduction metabolism. The MBfR achieved up to 80% Sb(V) removal and an Sb(V) removal flux of 0.55 g/m2·day. Sb(V) was reduced to Sb(III), which mainly formed Sb2O3 precipitates in the biofilm matrix, although some Sb(III) was retained intracellularly. High Sb(V) loading caused stress that deteriorated performance that was not recovered when the high Sb(V) loading was removed. The biofilm community consisted of DSbRB (dissimilatory Sb-reduction bacteria), SbRB (Sb-resistant bacteria), and DIRB (dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria). Dissimilatory antimonate reduction, mediated by the respiratory arsenate reductase ArrAB, was the main reduction route, but respiratory reduction coexisted with cytoplasmic Sb(V)-reduction mediated by arsenate reductase ArsC. Increasing Sb(V) loading caused stress that led to increases in the expression of arsC gene and intracellular accumulation of Sb(III). By illuminating the roles of the dissimilatory and cytoplasmic Sb(V) reduction mechanism in the biofilms of the H2-MBfR, this study reveals that the Sb(V) loading should be controlled to avoid stress that deteriorates Sb(V) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Chengyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Si Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Mengying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287-5701, United States
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15
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Yang Y, Li M, Zheng X, Ma H, Nerenberg R, Chai H. Extracellular DNA plays a key role in the structural stability of sulfide-based denitrifying biofilms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155822. [PMID: 35561912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide-based biofilm processes are increasingly used for wastewater denitrification, yet little is known about the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition of sulfide-oxidizing biofilms. This can have an important impact on biofilm mechanical strength and stability. In this research, the properties and roles of EPS components in biofilm stability were investigated. Weak biofilm stability characterized by high roughness and numerous "needle" structures was visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microscopy. A high abundance of extracellular DNA (eDNA) and a low protein to polysaccharide ratio were found in the biofilm. The roles of eDNA, protein and polysaccharide in biofilm cohesion and adhesion were identified through enzyme treatment and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The enzymatic hydrolysis of eDNA increased the elastic modulus of biofilms by 57 times and reduced the adhesion energy by 96%. The hydrolysis of proteins led to an increase of elastic modulus by 27 times and a loss of adhesion energy by 95.5%. The enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides caused minimal changes in elastic modulus and adhesion energy. These results suggest that eDNA was the key EPS component for biofilm cohesion and adhesion, possibly because it provided special binding sites and can form strong cross-linking with magnesium or other multivalent cations. This study provided new insights into the role of eDNA in biofilm stability and shed light on the development of sulfide-based denitrifying biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Mengfei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Haiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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16
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Hao W, Li Q, Liu P, Han J, Duan R, Liang P. A new inoculation method of sulfur autotrophic denitrification reactor for accelerated start-up and better low-temperature adaption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 823:153657. [PMID: 35122857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S0) autotrophic denitrification (SAD) has been proved feasible for nitrate removal from aquatic environments. The long start-up period up to weeks of the SAD reactor impedes its industrial application. To accelerate the start-up process, this study employed S0 powder packed sequencing batch reactor operated for 10 days to obtain a seed biofilm, which was inoculated into a regular S0 flake packed bed reactor afterwards. Merely two days after inoculation, the reactor inoculated with seed biofilm was well started up and outperformed the control reactor, which was inoculated with regular anaerobic sludge and operated for more than 10 days, delivering much increased denitrification rate of 126 ± 0.68 mg N/(L·d) and a high nitrate removal efficiency of 93.0%. Batch tests during the start-up period showed that the seed biofilm developed well on S0 flakes and delivered improved nitrate removal performance than the control. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) analysis revealed an abundant content of protein in tightly bound EPS in the biofilm developed from the seed biofilm, which was recognized as a major contributor to facilitate the biofilm's attachment and growth onto S0 flakes. After operating under moderate temperature, the reactors were tested at a reduced temperature of 15 °C. Results indicated that the reactor inoculated with seed biofilm showed stronger adaptation ability towards low temperature and sustained better denitrification performance than the control, which was attributed to increased protein content in tightly bound EPS produced by the microbes against low-temperature. Determination of the microbial communities in tested reactors when the whole experiment was closing found that sulfur-related genera were dominating in the packed-bed reactor inculcated with seed biofilm, which played an important role in the S0-based denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jinbing Han
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Rui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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17
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Wang K, Qaisar M, Chen B, Xiao J, Cai J. Metagenomic analysis of microbial community and metabolic pathway of simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal process exposed to divergent hydraulic retention times. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127186. [PMID: 35439563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on S0 production was assessed through metagenomics analyses. Considering comprehensive performance for the tested HRTs (0.25-13.33 h), the optimal HRT was 1 h, while respective sulfide and nitrite loading rate could reach 6.84 kg S/(m3·d) and 1.95 kg N/(m3·d), and total S0 yield was 0.36 kg S/(kg (VSS)·d). Bacterial community richness decreased along the shortening of HRT. Microbacterium, Sulfurimonas, Sulfurovum, Paracoccus and Thauera were highly abundant bacteria. During sulfur metabolism, high expression of sqr gene was the main reason of maintaining high desulfurization load, while lacking soxB caused the continuous increase of S0. Regarding nitrogen metabolism, the rapid decrease of nitrite transporter prevented nitrite to enter in cells, which caused a rapid decrease of nitrite removal under extreme HRT. Adjusting HRT is an effective way to enhance S0 production for the application of the simultaneous sulfide and nitrite removal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiquan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mahmood Qaisar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan; College of Science, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
| | - Bilong Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghong Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Guerriero G, Mattei MR, Papirio S, Esposito G, Frunzo L. Modelling the effect of SMP production and external carbon addition on S-driven autotrophic denitrification. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7008. [PMID: 35487960 PMCID: PMC9054823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model to assess the effect of soluble microbial products production and external carbon source addition on the performance of a sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SdAD) process. During SdAD, the growth of autotrophic biomass (AUT) was accompanied by the proliferation of heterotrophic biomass mainly consisting of heterotrophic denitrifiers (HD) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which are able to grow on both the SMP derived from the microbial activities and on an external carbon source. The process was supposed to occur in a sequencing batch reactor to investigate the effects of the COD injection on both heterotrophic species and to enhance the production and consumption of SMP. The mathematical model was built on mass balance considerations and consists of a system of nonlinear impulsive differential equations, which have been solved numerically. Different simulation scenarios have been investigated by varying the main operational parameters: cycle duration, day of COD injection and quantity of COD injected. For cycle durations of more than 15 days and a COD injection after the half-cycle duration, SdAD represents the prevailing process and the SRB represent the main heterotrophic family. For shorter cycle duration and COD injections earlier than the middle of the cycle, the same performance can be achieved increasing the quantity of COD added, which results in an increased activity of HD. In all the performed simulation even in the case of COD addition, AUT remain the prevailing microbial family in the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Guerriero
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Mattei
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Frunzo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "R. Caccioppoli", Via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 80126, Naples, Italy
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19
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Guo G, Li Z, Chen L, Ling Q, Zan F, Isawi H, Hao T, Ma J, Wang Z, Chen G, Lu H. Advances in elemental sulfur-driven bioprocesses for wastewater treatment: From metabolic study to application. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118143. [PMID: 35149365 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S0) is known to be an abundant, non-toxic material with a wide range of redox states (-2 to +6) and may serve as an excellent electron carrier in wastewater treatment. In turn, S0-driven bioprocesses, which employ S0 as electron donor or acceptor, have recently established themselves as cost-effective therefore attractive solutions for wastewater treatment. Numerous related processes have, to date, been developed from laboratory experiments into full-scale applications, including S0-driven autotrophic denitrification for nitrate removal and S0-reducing organic removal. Compared to the conventional activated sludge process, these bioprocesses require only a small amount of organic matter and produce very little sludge. There have been great efforts to characterize chemical and biogenic S0 and related functional microorganisms in order to identify the biochemical pathways, upgrade the bioprocesses, and assess the impact of the operating factors on process performance, ultimately aiming to better understand and to optimize the processes. This paper is therefore a comprehensive overview of emerging S0-driven biotechnologies, including the development of S0-driven autotrophic denitrification and S0-based sulfidogenesis, as well as the associated microbiology and biochemistry. Also reviewed here are the physicochemical characteristics of S0 and the effects that environmental factors such as pH, influent sulfur/nitrate ratio, temperature, S0 particle size and reactor configurations have on the process. Research gaps, challenges of process applications and potential areas for future research are further proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhaoling Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingshan Ling
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Feixiang Zan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Heba Isawi
- Desert Research Center, Water Resources and Desert Soils Division, Egyptian Desalination Research Center of Excellence (EDRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China.
| | - Jie Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water and Wastewater Treatment (HUST), MOHURD, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Tong S, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Feng C, Hu W, Chen N. Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 113:219-230. [PMID: 34963530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The discharge of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) is increasing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication. The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (IX-AD) process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process. Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification (SOD), this study found that IX-AD column showed: (1) stronger ability to resist NO3- pollution load, (2) lower SO42- productivity, and (3) higher microbial diversity and richness. Liaoning zeolites addition guaranteed not only the standard discharge of NH4+-N, but also the denitrification performance and effluent TN. Especially, when the ahead secondary biological treatment process run at the ultra-high load, NO3--N removal efficiency for IX-AD column was still ~100%, whereas only 64.2% for control SOD column. The corresponding average effluent TN concentrations for IX-AD and SOD columns were 5.89 and 65.55 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, IX-AD is a promising technology for advanced SWW treatment and should be widely researched and popularized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China.
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Meat Processing Technology, China Meat Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Academy of Food Sciences, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiwu Hu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Chen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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21
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Pan H, Cui MH, Zhang C, Liu LY, Li J, Jiang Q, Zhang XD, Zheng ZY, Zhang Y, Liu H. Alkalinity regulation in a sulfur autotrophic denitrifying filter substantially reduced total dissolved solids and sulfate in effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126751. [PMID: 35066131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) filters are considered a promising technology due to their stable and excellent performance in nitrogen removal, affordable costs, and operational advantages. In this work, a novel operational strategy that employed sodium bicarbonate as an alkalinity source in the autotrophic denitrification filter (S-SAD) was established. With the sufficient supply of alkalinity, the S-SAD reached an excellent denitrification performance (98.01%±0.43%) with a nitrate concentration of 10 mg/L in influent and hydraulic retention time of 3 hrs. The total dissolved solids increment and sulfate concentration in effluent were significantly reduced by one-third, compared with that of the traditional SAD process under the same conditions. The analysis of microbial community indicated that Thiobacilhus, typical species with the functions of simultaneous sulfur oxidation and denitrification, was evidently enriched in the S-SAD. Thus, this present work demonstrated a feasible, relatively cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to operate SAD towards further application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Min-Hua Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Lan-Ying Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xue-Dong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - He Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou 215011, PR China
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22
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Kostrytsia A, Papirio S, Khodzhaev M, Morrison L, Collins G, Lens PNL, Ijaz UZ, Esposito G. Biofilm carrier type affects biogenic sulfur-driven denitrification performance and microbial community dynamics in moving-bed biofilm reactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131975. [PMID: 34454228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autotrophic denitrification with biosulfur (ADBIOS) provides a sustainable technological solution for biological nitrogen removal from wastewater driven by biogenic S0, derived from biogas desulfurization. In this study, the effect of different biofilm carriers (conventional AnoxK™ 1 and Z-200 with a pre-defined maximum biofilm thickness) on ADBIOS performance and microbiomics was investigated in duplicate moving bed-biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The MBBRs were operated parallelly in continuous mode for 309 days, whilst gradually decreasing the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from 72 to 21 h, and biosulfur was either pumped in suspension (days 92-223) or supplied in powder form. Highest nitrate removal rates were approximately 225 (±11) mg/L·d and 180 (±7) mg NO3--N/L·d in the MBBRs operated with K1 and Z-200 carriers, respectively. Despite having the same protected surface area for biofilm development in each MBBR, the biomass attached onto the K1 carrier was 4.8-fold more than that on the Z-200 carrier, with part of the biogenic S0 kept in the biofilm. The microbial communities of K1 and Z-200 biofilms could also be considered similar at cDNA level in terms of abundance (R = 0.953 with p = 0.042). A relatively stable microbial community was formed on K1 carriers, while the active portion of the microbial community varied significantly over time in the MBBRs using Z-200 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kostrytsia
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino (FR), Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Murod Khodzhaev
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom.
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
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23
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Li W, Zhen Y, Li N, Wang H, Lin M, Sui X, Zhao W, Guo P, Lin J. Sulfur transformation and bacterial community dynamics in both desulfurization-denitrification biofilm and suspended activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126108. [PMID: 34637911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Types of microbial aggregates have essential effects on bacterial communities' characteristics, thus affecting the pollutants removal. An up-flow biofilm reactor was used to study the different performances of S2-/NO2- removal and functional genes in suspended sludge and biofilms. The metabolic pathways of sulfurous and nitrogenous pollutants in the desulfurization-denitrification process were proposed. The results showed that S0 formation dominated the reactor with a high S2- concentration. Autotrophic Sulfurovum responsible for S2-/S0 oxidation was the only dominant bacteria in suspended sludge. Heterotrophic Desulfocapsa responsible for SO42- reduction coexisted with Sulfurovum and dominated in biofilms. S2- oxidation to S0 was catalyzed via fccA/B and sqr genes in suspended sludge. S32-/S0 oxidation to SO42- was catalyzed via dsrA/B gene in biofilms. SO42- and NO2- were removed via the dissimilatory sulfate reduction and denitrification pathway, respectively. This work provides a fundamental and practical basis for optimizing suspended sludge/biofilm systems for S2-/NO2- removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China.
| | - Yuming Zhen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Nan Li
- Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Hengqi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Minghui Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Xiuting Sui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Ping Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
| | - Jianguo Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, PR China
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24
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Yánez D, Guerrero L, Borja R, Huiliñir C. Sulfur-based mixotrophic denitrification with the stoichiometric S 0/N ratio and methanol supplementation: effect of the C/N ratio on the process. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2021; 56:1420-1427. [PMID: 34851232 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.2004839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the organic carbon to nitrate ratio (C/N ratio) on mixotrophic denitrification rate has been scarcely studied. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of the C/N ratio on the mixotrophic denitrification when methanol is used as a source of organic matter and elemental sulfur as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification. For this, two initial concentrations of NO3--N (50 and 25 mg/L) at a stoichiometric ratio of S0/N, and four initial C/N ratios (0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.9 mg CH3OH/mg NO3- -N) were used at 25 (±2) °C. The results showed that when using a C/N ratio of 0.6, the highest total nitrogen removal was obtained and the accumulation of nitrites was reduced, compared to an autotrophic system. The most significant contribution to nitrate consumption was through autotrophic denitrification (AuDeN) for a C/N ratio of 0.6 and 1.2, while for C/N = 1.9 the most significant contribution of nitrate consumption was through heterotrophic denitrification (HD). Finally, organic supplementation (methanol) served to increase the specific nitrate removal rate at high and low initial concentrations of substrate. Therefore, the best C/N ratio was 0.6 since it allowed for increasing the removal efficiency and the denitrification rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Yánez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorna Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rafael Borja
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - César Huiliñir
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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25
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Wu L, Wang LK, Wei W, Song L, Ni BJ. Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification of nitric oxide for efficient nitrous oxide recovery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:257-267. [PMID: 34693996 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) was previously deemed as a potent greenhouse gas but is actually an untapped energy source, which can accumulate during the microbial denitrification of nitric oxide (NO). Compared with the organic electron donor required in heterotrophic denitrification, elemental sulfur (S0 ) is a promising electron donor alternative due to its cheap cost and low biomass yield in sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification. However, no effort has been made to test N2 O recovery from sulfur-driven denitrification of NO so far. Therefore, in this study, batch and continuous experiments were carried out to investigate the NO removal performance and N2 O recovery potential via sulfur-driven NO-based denitrification under various Fe(II)EDTA-NO concentrations. Efficient energy recovery was achieved, as up to 35.5%-40.9% of NO was converted to N2 O under various NO concentrations. N2 O recovery from Fe(II)EDTA-NO could be enhanced by the low bioavailability of sulfur and the acid environment caused by sulfur oxidation. The NO reductase (NOR) and N2 O reductase (N2 OR) were inhibited distinctively at relatively low NO levels, leading to efficient N2 O accumulation, but were suppressed irreversibly at NO level beyond 15 mM in continuous experiments. Such results indicated that the regulation of NO at a relatively low level would benefit the system stability and NO removal capacity during long-term system operation. The continuous operation of the sulfur-driven Fe(II)EDTA-NO-based denitrification reduced the overall microbial diversity but enriched several key microbial community. Thauera, Thermomonas, and Arenimonas that are able to carry out sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification became the dominant organisms with their relative abundance increased from 25.8% to 68.3%, collectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Asik G, Yilmaz T, Di Capua F, Ucar D, Esposito G, Sahinkaya E. Sequential sulfur-based denitrification/denitritation and nanofiltration processes for drinking water treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113083. [PMID: 34171780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and cost-effective solutions for nitrogen removal are necessary to ensure the availability of safe drinking water. This study proposes a combined treatment for nitrogen-contaminated groundwater by sequential autotrophic nitrogen removal in a sulfur-packed bed reactor (SPBR) and excess sulfate rejection via nanofiltration (NF). Autotrophic nitrogen removal in the SPBR was investigated under both denitrification and denitritation conditions under different NO3- and NO2- loading rates (LRs) and feeding strategies (NO3- only, NO2- only, or both NO3- and NO2- in the feed). Batch activity tests were carried out during SPBR operation to evaluate the effect of different feeding conditions on nitrogen removal activity by the SPBR biofilm. Bacteria responsible for nitrogen removal in the bioreactor were identified via Illumina sequencing. Dead-end filtration tests were performed with NF membranes to investigate the elimination of excess sulfate from the SPBR effluent. This study demonstrates that the combined process results in effective groundwater treatment and evidences that an adequately high nitrogen LR should be maintained to avoid the generation of excess sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulfem Asik
- Bioengineering Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tulay Yilmaz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesco Di Capua
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Deniz Ucar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, 16310, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Naples, Italy
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Bioengineering Department, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey.
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27
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Zhang L, Qiu YY, Zhou Y, Chen GH, van Loosdrecht MCM, Jiang F. Elemental sulfur as electron donor and/or acceptor: Mechanisms, applications and perspectives for biological water and wastewater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117373. [PMID: 34243051 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical oxidation and reduction are the principle of biological water and wastewater treatment, in which electron donor and/or acceptor shall be provided. Elemental sulfur (S0) as a non-toxic and easily available material with low price, possesses both reductive and oxidative characteristics, suggesting that it is a suitable material for water and wastewater treatment. Recent advanced understanding of S0-respiring microorganisms and their metabolism further stimulated the development of S0-based technologies. As such, S0-based biotechnologies have emerged as cost-effective and attractive alternatives to conventional biological methods for water and wastewater treatment. For instance, S0-driven autotrophic denitrification substantially lower the operational cost for nitrogen removal from water and wastewater, compared to the conventional process with exogenous carbon source supplementation. The introduction of S0 can also avoid secondary pollution commonly caused by overdose of organic carbon. S0 reduction processes cost-effectively mineralize organic matter with low sludge production. Biological sulfide production using S0 as electron acceptor is also an attractive technology for metal-laden wastewater treatment, e.g. acid mine drainage. This paper outlines an overview of the fundamentals, characteristics and advances of the S0-based biotechnologies and highlights the functional S0-related microorganisms. In particular, the mechanisms of microorganisms accessing insoluble S0 and feasibility to improve S0 bio-utilization efficiency are critically discussed. Additionally, the research knowledge gaps, current process limitations, and required further developments are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yan-Ying Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Guang-Hao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution (Hong Kong Branch) and Water Technology Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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28
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Feng S, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Gong L, Tong Y, Zhang H, Huang X, Yang H. Simultaneous denitrification and desulfurization-S 0 recovery of wastewater in trickling filters by bioaugmentation intervention based on avoiding collapse critical points. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 292:112834. [PMID: 34049056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to better achieve efficiently simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification/S0 recovery of wastewater, the intervention of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) and denitrifying bacteria (DNB) was employed to avoid the collapse critical points (the dramatically decrease of S/N removal efficiency) under the fluctuated load. With the assistance of DNB and SOB, collapse critical point of trickling filter (TF) was delayed from the P8 (105-114 d) to P10 stage (129-138 d). The treatment efficiency of nitrogen and sulfur was the highest with the S/N ratio of 3:1. The bioaugmentation of DNB and SOB at collapse critical point could effectively regulated collapse situation, which further increased the maximum system utilization/elimination capacity to 4.50 kg S m-3·h-1 and 0.90 kg N m-3·h-1 (increased by 56.89% and 65.56% in comparison to control). High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that Proteobacteria (average 78.59%) and Bacteroidetes (average 9.30%) were dominant bacteria in the reactor at all stages. As the reaction proceeds, the microbial community was gradually dominated by some functional genera such as Chryseobacterium (average 2.97%), Halothiobacillus (average 22.71%), Rhodanobacter (average 14.02%), Thiobacillus (average 9.01%), Thiomonas (average 16.70%) and Metallibacterium (average 21.63%), which could remove nitrate or sulfide. Both of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) demonstrated the important role of DNB/SOB during the long-term run in the trickling filters (TFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoushuai Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China
| | - Zhenming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China
| | - Liangqi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China
| | - Yanjun Tong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China.
| | - Hailing Zhang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Life Science, Yantai University, Shandong, 408100, China
| | - Xing Huang
- WUXI City Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, China
| | - Hailin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology (Jiangnan University) Ministry of Education. School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800, Lihu Road, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Wuxi, China.
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29
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Wang H, Zhong Y, Zhu X, Li D, Deng Y, Huang W, Peng P. Enhanced tetrabromobisphenol A debromination by nanoscale zero valent iron particles sulfidated with S 0 dissolved in ethanol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:86-97. [PMID: 33146188 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Modification of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) with reducing sulfur compounds has proven to improve the reactivity of nZVI towards recalcitrant halogenated organic contaminants. In this study, we develop a novel method for the preparation of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) with S0 (a low cost and available reducing sulfur agent) dissolved in ethanol under mild conditions and apply it for the transformation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a potential persistent organic pollutant. Surface analysis shows that S0 dissolved in ethanol has been successfully doped into nZVI via a reaction with Fe0 to form a relatively homogeneous layer of FeS/FeS2 on the nZVI surface. The H2 production test and the electrochemical analysis show that the FeS/FeS2 layer not only slows the H2 evolution reaction but also enhances the electron transfer. Debromination kinetics indicate that the resulting S-nZVI with a S/Fe ratio of 0.015-0.05 possesses higher debromination activity for TBBPA and its debromination products (i.e., tri-BBPA, di-BBPA, mono-BBPA and BPA) in comparison with nZVI. Among them, S-nZVI at a S/Fe of 0.025 (S-nZVIS-0.025) has the greatest debromination rate constant (kobs) of 1.19 ± 0.071 h-1 for TBBPA. It debrominates TBBPA at a faster rate than other conventional S-nZVI made from Na2S and Na2S2O4 and has been successfully applied in the treatment of TBBPA-spiked environmental water samples (including river water, groundwater, and tap water). The results suggest that the modification of nZVI with S0 dissolved in ethanol is a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective sulfidation technique, which can be applied for the large-scale production of S-nZVI for treating contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xifen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yirong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Sites Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Maco Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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30
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Hao W, Zhang J, Duan R, Liang P, Li M, Qi X, Li Q, Liu P, Huang X. Organic carbon coupling with sulfur reducer boosts sulfur based denitrification by Thiobacillus denitrificans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:142445. [PMID: 33113701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur autotrophic denitrification utilizes elemental sulfur as the electron donor for nitrate removal from aquatic environments. Organic carbon could stimulate the conversion of sulfur and facilitates the S0-based denitrification process in the mix-trophic. In this study, the co-cultured system of sulfur reducer (Geobacter sulfurreducens) and Thiobacillus denitrificans was used to investigate that how organic carbon could boost the S0-based denitrification. The results showed that the rate of S0-based denitrification was improved with C/N ratio of 0.13 and this improvement continued even after the acetate was exhausted. Sulfur probe test and Raman analysis suggested that reduced sulfur species (Sx2-) were formed with the addition of organic carbon. The Sx2- could recombine with element sulfur and the bioavailability of S0 would be improved, as a result, the rate of S0-based denitrification increased as well. Nitrate reduction rate could further increase with the C/N ratio of 0.88, but it would decrease significantly when the C/N ratio increased to 1.50 as the high concentration of generated S2-. Our results provided explanations that why organic carbon addition would improve the bioavailability of S0 which could further promote the S0-dominant denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Rui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Meng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Panpan Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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Li M, Duan R, Hao W, Li Q, Arslan M, Liu P, Qi X, Huang X, El-Din MG, Liang P. High-rate nitrogen removal from carbon limited wastewater using sulfur-based constructed wetland: Impact of sulfur sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140969. [PMID: 32721681 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to explore the application of sulfur-based constructed wetlands (CWs) for effective nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater. Two solid sulfur sources namely elemental sulfur (S0) and pyrite (FeS2) were used as substrates in two CWs, i.e. S-CW and P-CW, respectively. The CWs were vegetated with a common wetland plant Iris pseudacorus, and were operated to investigate the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and temperature on N removal. The use of S0 resulted in the highest denitrification rate (19.0 ± 7.5 g m-2 d-1), whereas up to 20 times slower total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal was observed with FeS2. Different sulfur sources had negligible effects on the growth of I. pseudacorus, but the element contents (e.g., N, S, and P) within the plant tissues were different. Iris roots in S-CW had higher S content compared with those in P-CW, which resulted in the difference in shoots colors. The characteristics of rhizospheric microbial communities were closely related to the sulfur and nitrogen sources. Briefly, denitrifying and sulfur-oxidizing genera (e.g., Denitratisoma, Sulfurimonas, Thiobacillus) were dominating in the S-CW, suggesting the occurrence of both autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification processes in the wetland. On the other hand, nitrifying bacteria were more abundant (e.g. Nitrospira, Piscinibacter) in the P-CW. S0 layer and rhizosphere accounted for 99.3% of nitrogen removal and the former part most likely played important roles with a decrease in HRT. Low temperature strongly affected the rate and efficiency of denitrification but recovered to 49.2 ± 25.8% when added with 30 mg L-1 sodium acetate. This study broadens the applications of sulfur-based CWs and provides a promising management strategy for denitrification at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Rui Duan
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wen Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qingcheng Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Panpan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xiang Qi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Wang H, Li Y, Zhang S, Li D, Liu X, Wang W, Liu L, Wang Y, Kang L. Effect of influent feeding pattern on municipal tailwater treatment during a sulfur-based denitrification constructed wetland. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123807. [PMID: 32731159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work studied three parallel pilot-scale constructed wetlands based on sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification (SAD-CWs) with horizontal, vertical-horizontal and integrated vertical inflow for nitrogen removal of municipal tailwater. SAD system played the predominant role for nitrate removal and the integrated vertical inflow pattern was the most efficient pattern with 96.1% NO3--N and 44.3% total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency, respectively, at the condition of 3.5 h hydraulic retention time (HRT) and 18.5-23.5 °C. Although no great and serious change for microbial community structure was observed among these systems, the diversity in term of abundance of microbes and certain function species was observed. Proteobacteria, Ignavibacterae and Chloroflexi were the dominant phyla and accounted for over 59.1%, 7.5%, and 6.0% in SAD-CWs, respectively. Moreover, the richness and diversity of denitrifies in SAD-CWs with integrated vertical inflow were both higher than that in the other two reactors, especially sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Duo Li
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Xingchun Liu
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Xiong'an Institute of Eco-Environment, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China.
| | - Le Kang
- Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, China; Institute of Ecology and Environmental Governance,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, China
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Zhang K, Kang T, Yao S, Liang B, Chang M, Wang Y, Ma Y, Hao L, Zhu T. A novel coupling process with partial nitritation-anammox and short-cut sulfur autotrophic denitrification in a single reactor for the treatment of high ammonium-containing wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 180:115813. [PMID: 32438139 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel coupling process with partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) (PNA) and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) was studied using an upflow biofilm reactor with mechanical vibration. At a lower dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.40 ± 0.20 mg L-1), ammonia could be efficiently removed from synthetic wastewater by the coupling system with a total nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) of 98% and an influent NH4+-N concentration of 600 mg L-1. In this system, the nitrate, which was produced during the anammox reaction, could be timely reduced by the SAD reaction. Compared with the conventional PNA and SAD processes, coupling the PNA and SAD processes in a single reactor prevented nitrite accumulation in the SAD reaction and reduced the total sulfate production by 59%. The high-throughput sequencing analysis supported that the SAD bacteria (Thiobacillus) and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia) could coexist on the elemental sulfur stone. Additionally, sulfur consumption and sulfate production were increased under a high DO concentration. The sulfate production/nitrate reduction ratio and changing profile of the substrate suggested that the short-cut SAD process mainly occurred in this coupling system. Otherwise, batch experiments also suggested that the nitrite removal rate in the anammox process was 34.5 times higher than that in the SAD process. The outcomes of these experiments revealed that most of the nitrite, as an intermediate product in the SAD reaction, served as an electron acceptor for the anammox reaction. A stoichiometric calculation of this coupling process indicated that the novel reaction scheme with a high NRE was successfully achieved. Under an ideal short-cut SAD process, almost 55% of the sulfur consumption could be reduced in this coupling system. The coupling system provides a new perspective for nitrogen removal in a single reactor and further promotes anammox and SAD performance in wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Tianli Kang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Baorui Liang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Mingdong Chang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Youzhao Wang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Yongguang Ma
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110112, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Huiliñir C, Acosta L, Yanez D, Montalvo S, Esposito G, Retamales G, Levicán G, Guerrero L. Elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification in stoichiometric S 0/N ratio: Calibration and validation of a kinetic model. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 307:123229. [PMID: 32247270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inclusion of S0 hydrolysis in a kinetic model of autotrophic denitrification has been recently proposed; however the model has not been calibrated or validated yet. Thus, a new methodology was developed and applied to calibrate and validate this kinetic model for the first time. An inoculum adapted from a poultry wastewater treatment plant at stoichiometric S0/NO3- ratio was used. The model was calibrated with batch data (initial nitrate concentrations of 50 and 6.25 mg NO3--N/L) at an S0/N ratio = 2.29 mg S/mg N and validated with seven different batch data. The sensitivity analysis showed that the most sensitive parameters are related to S0 hydrolysis. The kinetic model was successfully calibrated with the new methodology and validated, with Theil inequality coefficient values lower than 0.21. Thus, the proposed model and methodology were proved to be well suited for the simulation of elemental sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification in batch systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huiliñir
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile.
| | - L Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Yanez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Montalvo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - G Retamales
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - G Levicán
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Lib. Bdo. O Higgins 3363, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
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Xu Z, Chen X, Li H, Wan D, Wan J. Combined heterotrophic and autotrophic system for advanced denitrification of municipal secondary effluent in full-scale plant and bacterial community analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:136981. [PMID: 32092802 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen (TN) removal is the major technical challenge for wastewater treatment plants to meet the more stringent discharge standard. In this study, lab- (0.05 m3/d), pilot- (1000 m3/d) and full-scale (10,000 m3/d) combined heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrification reactors (HARs) were designed and operated to treat municipal secondary effluent. During the 110-day stable operation, the effluent TN was reduced below 2.5 mg/L without secondary pollution causing by the excessive addition of organics, close to Class IV of Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The bacterial richness and diversity increased with the expansion of reactor scale. Denitrifying bacteria (DB) dominated in all reactors, however, Thiomonas (12.42%), Methylotenera (6.35%), Thiobacillus (20.62%), Methyloverstatilis (5.44%) and Thauera (8.21%) were the main genera in lab-, pilot- and full-scale reactors respectively. The denitrification efficiency temporarily deteriorated at the later stage, and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated the obviously increased sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfide were main contributors. Sludge supplement rapidly recovered the reactors performance in five days. This study suggests that HARs could be a promising technique for advanced denitrification of the municipal secondary effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Xu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; ZhiHe Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- ZhiHe Environmental Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haisong Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Dongjin Wan
- College of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junfeng Wan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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36
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Tan Y, Park J, Ikuma K, Evans EA, Flamming JJ, Ellis TG. Feasibility test of autotrophic denitrification of industrial wastewater in sequencing batch and static granular bed reactors. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:749-758. [PMID: 31705698 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the efficacy of using reduced sulfur species in lieu of conventional substrates, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to develop an autotrophic denitrifying culture which in turn was used to seed a static granular bed reactor (SGBR) for continuous flow treatment. Both bioreactors were able to quickly acclimate to the anoxic environment and achieve stable autotrophic denitrification within several weeks of being placed in operation. The seed for the SBR was obtained from operating basins at the Cedar Rapids plant. MiSeq analysis showed the presence of the autotrophic denitrifier Thiobacillus in the seed from the sulfur oxidation basin; however, Shinella and Sulfurovum became the dominant autotrophic denitrifiers in the SBR. Both the SBR and SGBR achieved excellent nitrate removal (i.e., >95%) with stoichiometric amounts of thiosulfate added to the synthetic influent. The results of this feasibility study suggest that anaerobic granules from the UASB at the plant serve as good seed biomass for autotrophic denitrification when augmented by sulfur oxidation basin and sulfide scrubber biomass, and that reduced sulfur species at the plant (or augmented with an external sulfur source) can serve as electron donors for nearly complete denitrification. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Autotrophic denitrification of industrial wastewater was investigated to evaluate reduced sulfur species as electron donor for nitrogen removal. An autotrophic denitrifying culture was cultivated in an SBR, and continuous autotrophic denitrification was accomplished in an SGBR. No increase in head loss was observed in the SGBR, and it was able to operate without the need for backwashing in more than 200 days of operation. Reduced sulfur was demonstrated to be a sufficient electron donor for nearly complete denitrification. MiSeq analysis resolved primary species responsible for autotrophic denitrification in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tan
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Tian T, Yu HQ. Denitrification with non-organic electron donor for treating low C/N ratio wastewaters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122686. [PMID: 31902635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification with non-organic electron donors for treating low C/N ratio wastewater has attracted growing interests. Hydrogen, reduced sulfur compounds and ferrous ions are mainly used in autotrophic denitrification, holding promise for achieving practical applications. Recently, the development of autotrophic denitrification-based processes, such as bioelectrochemically-supported hydrogenotrophic denitrification and sulfur-/iron-based denitrification assisted multi-contaminant removal, provide opportunities for applying these processes in wastewater treatment. Exploration of the autotrophic denitrification process in terms of contaminant removal mechanism, interaction among functional microorganisms, and potential full-scale applications is thus of great importance. Here, an overview of the commonly used non-organic electron donors, e.g., hydrogen, reduced sulfur compounds and ferrous ions, in denitrification for treating low C/N ratio wastewater is provided. Also, the feasibility of applying the combined processes based on autotrophic denitrification with the compounds is discussed. Furthermore, challenges and future possibilities as well as concerns about the practical applications are envisaged in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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Zhou S, Zeng X, Xu Z, Bai Z, Xu S, Jiang C, Zhuang G, Xu S. Paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer application in a tea plantation reduces soil N 2O by changing denitrifier communities. Can J Microbiol 2020; 66:214-227. [PMID: 32011910 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing the use of nitrogen fertilizers in tea orchards has led to intense nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Foliar application of Paenibacillus polymyxa biofertilizer has been proven to be beneficial for organic tea production. In this study, tea yield and quality were significantly improved after application of P. polymyxa biofertilizer compared with the control but were not significantly different from chemical fertilizer treatments. However, the average N2O fluxes in tea fields treated with chemical fertilizers and biofertilizers (225 kg N·ha-1·year-1 for both) were 50.6-973.7 and 0.6-29.1 times higher than those in the control treatment, respectively. Pot experiments conducted to explore the mechanism of N2O reduction induced by P. polymyxa biofertilizer showed that applying P. polymyxa in addition to urea could reduce N2O fluxes by 36.5%-73.1%. Quantitative PCR analysis suggested that a significant increase in the quantity of nirK and nosZ genes was linked to the reduction of N2O, and high-throughput sequencing of nosZ revealed active and potentially efficient denitrifiers in different treatments. Our findings suggest that P. polymyxa biofertilizer is in line with the requirements of modern agriculture, which aims to increase product yield and quality while reducing negative environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sining Zhou
- Shenzhen DiDa Water Engineering Limited Company, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Xiangui Zeng
- Shenzhen DiDa Water Engineering Limited Company, Shenzhen 518116, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Xu
- Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 414699, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Shengming Xu
- Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 414699, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P.R. China
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Qiu YY, Zhang L, Mu X, Li G, Guan X, Hong J, Jiang F. Overlooked pathways of denitrification in a sulfur-based denitrification system with organic supplementation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115084. [PMID: 31669906 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification (SADN) is a cost-effective approach for treating secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Additional organics are generally supplemented to promote total nitrogen (TN) removal, reduce nitrite accumulation and sulfate production, and balance the pH decrease induced by SADN. However, understanding of the impacts of organic supplementation on microbial communities, nitrogen metabolism, denitrifier activity, and SADN rates in sulfur-based denitrification reactors is still limited. Here, a sulfur-based denitrification reactor was continuously operated for 272 days during which six different C/N ratios were tested successively (2.7, 1.5, 0.7, 0.5, 0.25, and 0). Organic supplementation improved TN removal and decreased NO2- accumulation, but reduced the relative abundance of denitrifiers and the contribution of autotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria (aNRB) to TN removal during the long-term operation of reactor. Predictive functional profiling showed that nitrogen metabolism potential increased with decreasing C/N ratios. SADN was the predominant removal process when the C/N ratio was ≤0.7 (achieving 60% contribution when C/N = 0.7). Although organic supplementation weakened the dominant role of aNRB in denitrification, batch tests for the first time demonstrated that it could accelerate the SADN rate, attributed to the improvement of sulfur bioavailability, likely via the formation of polysulfide. A possible nitrogen removal pathway with multiple electron donors (i.e., sulfur, organics, sulfide, and polysulfide) in a sulfur-based denitrification reactor with organic supplementation was therefore proposed. However, supplementation with a high level of organics could increase the operational cost and effluent concentrations of sulfide and organics as well as enrich heterotrophic denitrifiers. Moreover, microbial community had substantial changes at C/N ratios of >0.5. Accordingly, an optimal C/N ratio of 0.25-0.5 was suggested, which could simultaneously minimize the additional operating cost associated with organic supplementation and maximize TN removal and SADN rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xintong Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqing Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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40
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Hao W, Liu P, Miao B, Jiang Y, Wang D, Yang X, Huang X, Liang P. DL-cysteine and L-cystine formation and their enhancement effects during sulfur autotrophic denitrification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133823. [PMID: 31421333 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur autotrophic denitrification has been proved feasible for nitrate removal from aquatic environments and it utilizes elemental sulfur as the electron donor. A maximum denitrification rate of 194.57 mg N/L·d was achieved with biogenic sulfur as electron donor in a mixed culture collected from sulfur packed bed reactors; this rate was considerably higher than that delivered by α-S8 or μ-S in the same mixed culture. The elemental sulfur was also tested in the pure culture of Thiobacillus denitrificans, while a lower denitrification rate was noted than in the mixed culture, bio-S (4.86 mg N/L·d) again outperformed other two elemental sulfur's. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra were collected to examine possible metabolic intermediates during the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. The analysis revealed the existence of two major intermediates: DL-cysteine and L-cystine. They were found to not only provide electrons but also play a critical role in promoting the elemental sulfur-mediated sulfur autotrophic denitrification process. In general, we investigated the formation and enhancement effects of sulfur intermediates in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Panpan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Bo Miao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Donglin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xufei Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Montana Tech of the University of Montana, Butte, MT 59701, USA.
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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41
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Wan D, Li Q, Liu Y, Xiao S, Wang H. Simultaneous reduction of perchlorate and nitrate in a combined heterotrophic-sulfur-autotrophic system: Secondary pollution control, pH balance and microbial community analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 165:115004. [PMID: 31470280 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A combined heterotrophic-sulfur-autotrophic system (CHSAS) was established to simultaneously reduce perchlorate and nitrate in water. In this system, the OH- produced by the acetate heterotrophic part (H-part) could be neutralized with the H+ produced by the sulfur autotrophic part (S-part); thus, the pH of the final effluent could keep neutral. In addition, the S-part could further reduce the pollutants and residual carbon from the H-part to achieve a high performance. For 19.62 ± 0.30 mg/L ClO4- and 21.56 ± 0.83 mg/L NO3--N in the influent, the operating parameters were optimal at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.0 h and an acetate concentration of 70 mg/L. The removal efficiency of ClO4- and NO3- reached 95.43% and 99.23%, without secondary pollution caused by residual organic carbon. It was also revealed that sulfur (S0) disproportionation can be inhibited by shortening the HRT and reducing the acetate dosage. The dominant heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria were Thauera and Ferritrophicum, respectively, while Chlorobaculum was related to S0 disproportionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Wan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Qi Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yongde Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Shuhu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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42
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Wang W, Wei D, Li F, Zhang Y, Li R. Sulfur-siderite autotrophic denitrification system for simultaneous nitrate and phosphate removal: From feasibility to pilot experiments. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 160:52-59. [PMID: 31132562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Siderite (FeCO3) is one kind of abundant and cheap carbonate minerals, but it has never been used as inorganic carbon sources and pH buffer in the sulfur autotrophic denitrification before. In this study, sulfur-siderite autotrophic denitrification (SSAD) system was formed. Batch, column and pilot experiments of the SSAD system showed that siderite could provide inorganic sources and pH buffer for sulfur autotrophic denitrification. The optimal volume ratio of sulfur and siderite was 1:3 for the SSAD system. Siderite could not be used as an electron donor by the sulfur autotrophic denitrifiers. The SSAD column removed 28 mg/L NO3--N and 3.1 mg/L PO43--P completely at 12 h HRT. The SSAD pilot biofilter during treating secondary effluent obtained stable NO3- and PO43- removal, and controlled effluent NO3--N and PO43--P around 4 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively, at 4 h HRT, and no blocking occurred in operation of 401 days. In the SSAD system, the main bacteria were Thiobacillus (67.8%), Sulfurimonas (20.0%), and Simplicispira (3.5%); and Sulfurimonas (29.4%), Ferritrophicum (15.2%), and Thiobacillus (10.3%) during treating synthetic wastewater and secondary effluent, respectively. PO43- was removed through iron phosphate precipitate. The SSAD system was a promising way to remove NO3- and PO43- simultaneously from wastewater lack of organic carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongyang Wei
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Ave., Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Wang Y, Sabba F, Bott C, Nerenberg R. Using kinetics and modeling to predict denitrification fluxes in elemental‐sulfur‐based biofilms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2698-2709. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
| | - Fabrizio Sabba
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNorthwestern University Evanston Illinois
| | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District Virginia Beach Virginia
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth SciencesUniversity of Notre Dame Notre Dame Indiana
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Xiao Z, Wang W, Chen D, Yu Y, Huang H. pH control of an upflow pyrite-oxidizing denitrifying bioreactor via electrohydrogenesis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:41-47. [PMID: 30785000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of stable pH during pyrite-oxidizing denitrification process is important. Here, we demonstrated effective pH control (7.80 ± 0.20-8.40 ± 0.30) in an electrochemical-H2 and pyrite-oxidizing denitrifying bioreactor (HPR) through in situ electrohydrogenesis. HPR achieved a higher nitrate removal activity (maximum:19.66 ± 0.63 mg NO3--N/(L·h)) with excellent resistance to high nitrate loading (up to 400 mg/L NO3--N) compared to that of the control groups. Nitrate removal rate of HPR fitted the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model (R2 = 0.98, p < 0.01) well, and the denitrification followed the zero-order rate law. The results of the biofilm community analyses suggested that Thauera was the dominant bacteria in the cathode biofilm of HPR and may prefer hydrogen as an electron donor for autotrophic denitrification, while the relative abundance of Pseudomonas were similar in the cathode biofilm and pyrite biofilm. This study provides a new alternative for effective pH control in denitrifying bioreactors with pyrite as a packing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Xiao
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Oil Production Research Institute, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257000, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - He Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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45
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Zhu TT, Cheng HY, Yang LH, Su SG, Wang HC, Wang SS, Wang AJ. Coupled Sulfur and Iron(II) Carbonate-Driven Autotrophic Denitrification for Significantly Enhanced Nitrate Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1545-1554. [PMID: 30596484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based denitrification process has attracted increasing attentions because it does not rely on the external addition of organics and avoids the risk of COD exceeding the limit. Traditionally, limestone is commonly employed to maintain a neutral condition (SLAD process), but it may reduce the efficiency as the occupied zone by limestone cannot directly contribute to the denitrification. In this study, we propose a novel sulfur-based denitrification process by coupling with iron(II) carbonate ore (SICAD system). The ore was demonstrated to play roles as the buffer agent and additional electron donor. Moreover, the acid produced through sulfur driven denitrification was found to promote the Fe(II) leaching from the ore and likely extend the reaction zone from the surface to the liquid. As a result, more biomass was accumulated in the SICAD system compared with the controls (sulfur, iron(II) carbonate ore and SLAD systems). Owing to these synergistic effects of sulfur and iron(II) carbonate on denitrification, SICAD system showed much higher denitrification rate (up to 720.35 g·N/m3·d) and less accumulation of intermediates (NO2- and N2O) than the controls. Additionally, sulfate production in SICAD system was reduced. These findings offer great potential of SICAD system for practical use as a highly efficient postdenitrification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Shi-Gang Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Hong-Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Ai-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , P. R. China
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46
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Kostrytsia A, Papirio S, Morrison L, Ijaz UZ, Collins G, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Biokinetics of microbial consortia using biogenic sulfur as a novel electron donor for sustainable denitrification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:359-367. [PMID: 30243243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biokinetics of autotrophic denitrification with biogenic S0 (ADBIOS) for the treatment of nitrogen pollution in wastewaters were investigated. The used biogenic S0, a by-product of gas desulfurization, was an elemental microcrystalline orthorhombic sulfur with a median size of 4.69 µm and a specific surface area of 3.38 m2/g, which made S0 particularly reactive and bioavailable. During denitritation, the biomass enriched on nitrite (NO2-) was capable of degrading up to 240 mg/l NO2--N with a denitritation activity of 339.5 mg NO2--N/g VSS·d. The use of biogenic S0 induced a low NO2--N accumulation, hindering the NO2--N negative impact on the denitrifying consortia and resulting in a specific denitrification activity of 223.0 mg NO3--N/g VSS·d. Besides Thiobacillus being the most abundant genus, Moheibacter and Thermomonas were predominantly selected for denitrification and denitritation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Kostrytsia
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy.
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Collins
- Microbial Communities Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Piet N L Lens
- Earth and Ocean Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland; UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (FR), Italy
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47
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Kostrytsia A, Papirio S, Mattei MR, Frunzo L, Lens PNL, Esposito G. Sensitivity analysis for an elemental sulfur-based two-step denitrification model. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 78:1296-1303. [PMID: 30388086 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A local sensitivity analysis was performed for a chemically synthesized elemental sulfur (S0)-based two-step denitrification model, accounting for nitrite (NO2 -) accumulation, biomass growth and S0 hydrolysis. The sensitivity analysis was aimed at verifying the model stability, understanding the model structure and individuating the model parameters to be further optimized. The mass specific area of the sulfur particles (a*) and hydrolysis kinetic constant (k1) were identified as the dominant parameters on the model outputs, i.e. nitrate (NO3 -), NO2 - and sulfate (SO4 2-) concentrations, confirming that the microbially catalyzed S0 hydrolysis is the rate-limiting step during S0-driven denitrification. Additionally, the maximum growth rates of the denitrifying biomass on NO3 - and NO2 - were detected as the most sensitive kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kostrytsia
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy E-mail:
| | - S Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - M R Mattei
- Department of Mathematics and Applications Renato Caccioppoli, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 1-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - L Frunzo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications Renato Caccioppoli, University of Naples Federico II, via Cintia, Monte S. Angelo, 1-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - P N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - G Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, FR, Italy E-mail:
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48
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Sabba F, Terada A, Wells G, Smets BF, Nerenberg R. Nitrous oxide emissions from biofilm processes for wastewater treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9815-9829. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Zhang B, Qiu R, Lu L, Chen X, He C, Lu J, Ren ZJ. Autotrophic Vanadium(V) Bioreduction in Groundwater by Elemental Sulfur and Zerovalent Iron. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:7434-7442. [PMID: 29874055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium (V) is an emerging contaminant in groundwater that can adversely affect human health. Although bioremediation has been shown effective, little is known on autotrophic V(V) bioreduction in the context of oligotrophic characteristics of groundwater. In this study, we demonstrate that efficient V(V) bioreductions can be coupled with bio-oxidation of elemental sulfur (S(0)) or zerovalent iron (Fe(0)), and the V(V) removal efficiencies reached 97.5 ± 1.2% and 86.6 ± 2.5% within 120 h using S(0) and Fe(0), respectively. V(IV) is the main reduction product and precipitates naturally in near-neutral conditions. Microbial community, functional gene, and metabolites analyses reveal that synthetic metabolisms among autotrophs and heterotrophs played major roles in V(V) reduction using S(0) and Fe(0). These results demonstrate a new approach for V(V) contaminated groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baogang Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution , China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Rui Qiu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution , China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Chao He
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution , China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jianping Lu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution , China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jason Ren
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
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50
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Gao L, Zhou W, Wu S, He S, Huang J, Zhang X. Nitrogen removal by thiosulfate-driven denitrification and plant uptake in enhanced floating treatment wetland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1550-1558. [PMID: 29054632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential of thiosulfate-driven autotrophic enhanced floating treatment wetland (AEFTW) in removing nitrogen from the secondary effluent at the relatively short hydraulic retention times and low S/N ratios. Simultaneous autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification was observed in AEFTW. The peak TN removal rate (15.3gm-2d-1) exceeded most of the reported floating treatment wetlands. Based on the kinetic model results, low mean temperature coefficient and high k20 verified that the excellent performance in AEFTW diminished the microbial dependence on temperature. Nitrogen removal performance of enhanced floating treatment wetland (EFTW) and floating treatment wetland (FTW) were similar and highly sensitive to temperature. The interaction of sulfur transformation on the nitrogen, carbon uptake of plants was studied. Thiosulfate addition significantly raised sulfur content in the shoots and further enhanced the uptake of nitrogen and carbon, and increased the plant biomass at the same time. Higher composition of autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers in AEFTW interpreted the occurrence of mixotrophic denitrification during summer. Thiosulfate induced mutual promotion of nitrogen removal by plant uptake and microbial denitrification in AEFTW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Suqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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