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Zhang YX, Cai X, Zhang XG, Ke H, Lan JW, Xu WJ, Chen YM. Periodic injection of liquefied kitchen and food waste in municipal solid waste: Effects on leachate and gas generation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:1-10. [PMID: 38246072 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
With continuous advancements in the zero-waste strategy in China, transportation of fresh municipal solid waste to landfills has ceased in most first-tier cities. Consequently, the production of landfill gas has sharply declined because the supply of organic matter has decreased, rendering power generation facilities idle. However, by incorporating liquefied kitchen and food waste (LKFW), sustainable methane production can be achieved while consuming organic wastewater. In this study, LKFW and water (as a control group) were periodically injected into high and low organic wastes, respectively. The biochemical characteristics of the resulting gas and leachate were analyzed. LKFW used in this research generated 19.5-37.6 L of methane per liter in the post-methane production phase, highlighting the effectiveness of LKFW injection in enhancing the methane-producing capacity of the system. The release of H2S was prominent during both the rapid and post-methane production phases, whereas that of NH3 was prominent in the post-methane production phase. As injection continued, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, 5-d biological oxygen demand, total organic carbon, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, and oil in the output leachate decreased and eventually reached levels comparable to those in the water injection cases. After nine rounds of injections, the biologically degradable matter of the two LKFW-injected wastes decreased by 8.2 % and 15.1 %, respectively. This study sheds light on determining the organic load, controlling odor, and assessing the biochemical characteristics of leachate during LKFW injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Xue Cai
- GZEPI Environmental Service Co., Ltd., China
| | | | - Han Ke
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Ji-Wu Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Yun-Min Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geo-environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, China; Center for Hypergravity Experimental and Interdisciplinary Research, Zhejiang University, China
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2
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McDaniel EA, Scarborough M, Mulat DG, Lin X, Sampara PS, Olson HM, Young RP, Eder EK, Attah IK, Markillie LM, Hoyt DW, Lipton MS, Hallam SJ, Ziels RM. Diverse electron carriers drive syntrophic interactions in an enriched anaerobic acetate-oxidizing consortium. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:2326-2339. [PMID: 37880541 PMCID: PMC10689502 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In many anoxic environments, syntrophic acetate oxidation (SAO) is a key pathway mediating the conversion of acetate into methane through obligate cross-feeding interactions between SAO bacteria (SAOB) and methanogenic archaea. The SAO pathway is particularly important in engineered environments such as anaerobic digestion (AD) systems operating at thermophilic temperatures and/or with high ammonia. Despite the widespread importance of SAOB to the stability of the AD process, little is known about their in situ physiologies due to typically low biomass yields and resistance to isolation. Here, we performed a long-term (300-day) continuous enrichment of a thermophilic (55 °C) SAO community from a municipal AD system using acetate as the sole carbon source. Over 80% of the enriched bioreactor metagenome belonged to a three-member consortium, including an acetate-oxidizing bacterium affiliated with DTU068 encoding for carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and formate production, along with two methanogenic archaea affiliated with Methanothermobacter_A. Stable isotope probing was coupled with metaproteogenomics to quantify carbon flux into each community member during acetate conversion and inform metabolic reconstruction and genome-scale modeling. This effort revealed that the two Methanothermobacter_A species differed in their preferred electron donors, with one possessing the ability to grow on formate and the other only consuming hydrogen. A thermodynamic analysis suggested that the presence of the formate-consuming methanogen broadened the environmental conditions where ATP production from SAO was favorable. Collectively, these results highlight how flexibility in electron partitioning during SAO likely governs community structure and fitness through thermodynamic-driven mutualism, shedding valuable insights into the metabolic underpinnings of this key functional group within methanogenic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McDaniel
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Scarborough
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Daniel Girma Mulat
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xuan Lin
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pranav S Sampara
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Heather M Olson
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Robert P Young
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Eder
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Lye Meng Markillie
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David W Hoyt
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mary S Lipton
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Life Sciences Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan M Ziels
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Genome Science and Technology Program, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Kobayashi T, Kuramochi H. Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass using fly ash leachate to increase carbon monoxide production and improve biochar properties to accelerate anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129583. [PMID: 37544544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived biochar is attracting growing interest as an effective additive for anaerobic digestion (AD). To improve energy yield and digestion performance through an integrated process of biochar production and AD, biochar upgrading using biomass fly ash leachate as a sustainable metal catalyst was investigated. The results indicate that the bark soaked in the leachate improved the pyrolysis reactivity of biomass with CO2 and reduced the temperature at which the reaction rate reached its maximum from 943 °C to 801 °C. This resulted in a doubling of CO production during CO2-assisted pyrolysis at 800 °C. In addition, the combined use of fly ash leachate and CO2 in bark pyrolysis improved not only the porosity of the resulting biochar but also its wettability and liming potential. Moreover, biochar amended with fly ash leachate and CO2 significantly reduced the lag time in the anaerobic digestion of grease trap waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Kuramochi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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4
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Hashemi S, Solli L, Lien KM, Lamb JJ, Horn SJ. Culture adaptation for enhanced biogas production from birch wood applying stable carbon isotope analysis to monitor changes in the microbial community. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:77. [PMID: 37149601 PMCID: PMC10163780 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Birch wood is a potential feedstock for biogas production in Northern Europe; however, the lignocellulosic matrix is recalcitrant preventing efficient conversion to methane. To improve digestibility, birch wood was thermally pre-treated using steam explosion at 220 °C for 10 min. The steam-exploded birch wood (SEBW) was co-digested with cow manure for a period of 120 days in continuously fed CSTRs where the microbial community adapted to the SEBW feedstock. Changes in the microbial community were tracked by stable carbon isotopes- and 16S r RNA analyses. The results showed that the adapted microbial culture could increase methane production up to 365 mL/g VS day, which is higher than previously reported methane production from pre-treated SEBW. This study also revealed that the microbial adaptation significantly increased the tolerance of the microbial community against the inhibitors furfural and HMF which were formed during pre-treatment of birch. The results of the microbial analysis indicated that the relative amount of cellulosic hydrolytic microorganisms (e.g. Actinobacteriota and Fibrobacterota) increased and replaced syntrophic acetate bacteria (e.g. Cloacimonadota, Dethiobacteraceae, and Syntrophomonadaceae) as a function of time. Moreover, the stable carbon isotope analysis indicated that the acetoclastic pathway became the main route for methane production after long-term adaptation. The shift in methane production pathway and change in microbial community shows that for anaerobic digestion of SEBW, the hydrolysis step is important. Although acetoclastic methanogens became dominant after 120 days, a potential route for methane production could also be a direct electron transfer among Sedimentibacter and methanogen archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedbehnam Hashemi
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Linn Solli
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Kristian M Lien
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jacob J Lamb
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1433, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
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Ziganshina EE, Ziganshin AM. Magnetite Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes for Improving the Operation of Mesophilic Anaerobic Digesters. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040938. [PMID: 37110361 PMCID: PMC10141571 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic waste processing contributes to the development of the bioenergy sector and solves environmental problems. To date, many technologies have been developed for increasing the rate of the anaerobic digestion process and yield of methane. However, new technological advancements are required to eliminate biogas production inefficiencies. The performance of anaerobic digesters can be improved by adding conductive materials. In this study, the effects of the separate and shared use of magnetite nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes in anaerobic digesters converting high-nitrogen-containing waste, chicken manure, were investigated. The tested nanomaterials accelerated the methane production and increased the decomposition of products from the acidogenesis and acetogenesis stages. The combined use of magnetite nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes gavae better results compared to using them alone or without them. Members of the bacterial classes Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Actinobacteria were detected at higher levels in the anaerobic digesters, but in different proportions depending on the experiment. Representatives of the genera Methanosarcina, Methanobacterium, and Methanothrix were mainly detected within the methanogenic communities in the anaerobic digesters. The present study provides new data for supporting the anaerobic treatment of substrates with a high content of inhibitory compounds, such as chicken wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira E. Ziganshina
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ayrat M. Ziganshin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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6
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Berninghaus AE, Radniecki TS. Anaerobic digester microbiome dynamics in response to moderate and failure-inducing shock loads of fats, oils and greases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127400. [PMID: 35654324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accidental organic overloading (shock loading) is common during the anaerobic co-digestion of fats, oils and greases (FOG) and may lead to decreased performance or reactor failure due to the effects on the microbiome. Here, adapted and non-adapted lab-scale anaerobic digesters were exposed to FOG shocks of varying organic strengths. The microbiome was sequenced during the recovery periods employed between each shock event. Non-failure-inducing shocks resulted in enrichment of fermentative bacteria, and acetoclastic and methylotrophic methanogens. However, sub-dominant bacterial populations were largely responsible for increased biogas production observed after adaptation. Following failure events, early recovery communities were dominated by Pseudomonas and Methanosaeta while late recovery communities shifted toward sub-dominant bacterial taxa and Methanosarcina. Generally, the recovered microbiome structure diverged from that of both the initial and optimized microbiomes. Thus, while non-failure-inducing FOG shocks can be beneficial, the adaptations gained are lost after a failure event and adaptation must begin again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Berninghaus
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Tyler S Radniecki
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA.
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7
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Kobayashi T, Kuramochi H. Optimized production conditions and activation of biochar for effective promotion of long-chain fatty acid degradation in anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 358:127393. [PMID: 35636674 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Engineered biochar production and utilization in anaerobic digestion (AD) potentially overcome its limited application to the treatment of slowly degradable or inhibitory substrates. Here an attempt was made to develop an optimized biochar production procedure for use in AD to stimulate palmitic acid biodegradation via direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). The electrical conductivity of biochar was greatly increased with an elevated pyrolysis temperature and K2CO3 activation, and the conductivity reached a comparable level (0.6-1.4 S/cm) to that of carbon black at 800 °C. In addition, the K2CO3 activation greatly improved biochar wettability. When using K2CO3-activated biochar produced at 800 °C, the maximum methane production rate from palmitic acid was 1.3 times that of a control without biochar addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Kobayashi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Kuramochi
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan
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8
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Wang H, Yun H, Ma X, Li M, Qi M, Wang L, Li Z, Gao S, Tao Y, Liang B, Wang A. Bioelectrochemical catabolism of triclocarban through the cascade acclimation of triclocarban-hydrolyzing and chloroanilines-oxidizing microbial communities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112880. [PMID: 35123970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated antimicrobial triclocarban (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide, TCC) is an emerging refractory contaminant omnipresent in various environments. Preferential microbial hydrolysis of TCC to chloroanilines is essential for its efficient mineralization. However, the microbial mineralization of TCC in domestic wastewater is poorly understood. Here, the bioelectrochemical catabolism of TCC to chloroanilines (3,4-dichloroaniline and 4-chloroaniline) and then to CO2 was realized through the cascade acclimation of TCC-hydrolyzing and chloroanilines-oxidizing microbial communities. The biodegradation of chloroanilines was obviously enhanced in the bioelectrochemical reactors. Pseudomonas, Diaphorobacter, and Sphingomonas were the enriched TCC or chloroanilines degraders in the bioelectrochemical reactors. The addition of TCC enhanced the synergistic effect within functional microbial communities based on the feature of the phylogenetic ecological networks. This study provides a new idea for the targeted domestication and construction of functionally differentiated microbial communities to efficiently remove TCC from domestic wastewater through a green and low-carbon bioelectrochemical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hui Yun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Minghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Primary Sludge from Dairy and Meat Processing Wastewater and Waste from Biomass Enzymatic Hydrolysis as Resources in Anaerobic Digestion and Co-Digestion Supplemented with Biodegradable Surfactants as Process Enhancers. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of various alternative resources as co-digestion substrates aids to reduce the consumption of agricultural crops for biogas production. However, the efficiency and limitations of these co-substrates is still not fully understood. Use of biomass waste remaining after enzymatic hydrolysis for high value chemical fermentation, meat processing and dairy wastewater primary sludge as co-substrates in an agricultural resource anaerobic digestion plant is tackled within this study. The results showed that anionic surfactants (<200 ppm) can be used to improve fat, oil and grease (FOG) solubility in water and, at the same time, enhance the biomethane potential of FOG-containing sludge by increasing it from 1374.5 to 1765 mLCH4/gVS for meat processing wastewater primary sludge, and from 534 to 740 mLCH4/gVS for dairy wastewater primary sludge, when agricultural digestate is used as a substrate and sludge loading is not more than 10% from the volatile solids loaded. At the same time, only 549.7 mLCH4/gVS was produced as 30-day BMP when 5% biomass hydrolysis waste was used. Biomass hydrolysis waste co-digestion with primary sludge from dairy and meat processing wastewaters has an antigenic effect, and separate substrate anaerobic digestion gave a better results, thus, showing that excessive combination of various waste resources can be inhibitory for biogas production and the appropriate substrate selection and combination is a technical challenge for the biogas industry.
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10
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Huang W, Zhou J, Hu Q, Qiu B, Huang M, Murugadoss V, Guo Z. Improved methanogenesis in anaerobic wastewater treatment by magnetite@polyaniline (Fe 3O 4@PANI) composites. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133953. [PMID: 35157884 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The magnetite@polyaniline (Fe3O4@PANI) composites with different Fe3O4 loadings were prepared, and their effect on methane production in anaerobic systems was investigated. The Fe3O4@PANI composite with a 40% loading of Fe3O4 showed a better performance on accelerating methane production rate than other composites. The methane production rate was increased by 26.98% at the Fe3O4@PANI dosage of 0.6 g L-1. The results of the contact angle and CLSM revealed that Fe3O4@PANI had a good bio-affinity and contact directly with bacteria and archaea. Then the mechanisms related to the enhancement of methane production by the composites were explored by the species annotation and enzyme activity. It showed that Fe3O4@PANI promoted the enrichment of DIET-related functional bacteria and archaea and improved the enzyme activity related to the acetoclastic methanogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Mina Huang
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Vignesh Murugadoss
- Advanced Materials Division, Engineered Multifunctional Composites (EMC) Nanotech LLC, Knoxville, TN, 37934, USA
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, 1512 Middle Dr, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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11
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Yao G, Tang R, Luo H, Yuan S, Wang W, Xiao L, Chu X, Hu ZH. Zero-valent iron mediated alleviation of methanogenesis inhibition induced by organoarsenic roxarsone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152080. [PMID: 34856273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Zero-valent iron (ZVI) can enhance anaerobic digestion, and has great potential to alleviate/eliminate methanogenesis inhibition. Little is known about the feasibility of utilizing ZVI to alleviate methanogenesis inhibition that is caused by typical animal feed additive roxarsone in livestock wastewater. In this study, the role of ZVI on alleviating roxarsone-induced methanogenic inhibition and its mechanisms were investigated. With the increase of roxarsone concentration from 5 to 50 mg/L, the inhibition of methanogenesis increased from 3.0% to 65.7%. This inhibition was alleviated by 80.7% and 57.2% when 1.0 and 10.0 g/L ZVI were added, respectively. Due to ZVI addition, an efficient arsenic immobilization onto ZVI (45.4-85.8%) was achieved mainly through the formation of FeAsO4 precipitate and adsorption by ZVI. Under the function of ZVI, hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity was obviously restored. The microbial community analysis indicates that the ZVI-regulated alleviation on the methanogenesis inhibition was attributed to the enrichment of Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina. The findings from this study demonstrate that ZVI addition is an effective way for treatment of organoarsenic-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanbao Yao
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rui Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Haiping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shoujun Yuan
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liwen Xiao
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xiangqian Chu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Zhen-Hu Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Rural Water Environment and Resources, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater and Environmental Treatment, Hefei 230024, China
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12
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Holohan BC, Duarte MS, Szabo-Corbacho MA, Cavaleiro AJ, Salvador AF, Pereira MA, Ziels RM, Frijters CTMJ, Pacheco-Ruiz S, Carballa M, Sousa DZ, Stams AJM, O'Flaherty V, van Lier JB, Alves MM. Principles, Advances, and Perspectives of Anaerobic Digestion of Lipids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4749-4775. [PMID: 35357187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several problems associated with the presence of lipids in wastewater treatment plants are usually overcome by removing them ahead of the biological treatment. However, because of their high energy content, waste lipids are interesting yet challenging pollutants in anaerobic wastewater treatment and codigestion processes. The maximal amount of waste lipids that can be sustainably accommodated, and effectively converted to methane in anaerobic reactors, is limited by several problems including adsorption, sludge flotation, washout, and inhibition. These difficulties can be circumvented by appropriate feeding, mixing, and solids separation strategies, provided by suitable reactor technology and operation. In recent years, membrane bioreactors and flotation-based bioreactors have been developed to treat lipid-rich wastewater. In parallel, the increasing knowledge on the diversity of complex microbial communities in anaerobic sludge, and on interspecies microbial interactions, contributed to extend the knowledge and to understand more precisely the limits and constraints influencing the anaerobic biodegradation of lipids in anaerobic reactors. This critical review discusses the most important principles underpinning the degradation process and recent key discoveries and outlines the current knowledge coupling fundamental and applied aspects. A critical assessment of knowledge gaps in the field is also presented by integrating sectorial perspectives of academic researchers and of prominent developers of anaerobic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Conall Holohan
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- NVP Energy Ltd., IDA Technology and Business Park, Mervue, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - M Salomé Duarte
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Alejandra Szabo-Corbacho
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ana J Cavaleiro
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia F Salvador
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M Alcina Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ryan M Ziels
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z 4, Canada
| | | | - Santiago Pacheco-Ruiz
- Biothane, Veolia Water Technologies, Tanthofdreef 21, 2623 EW Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Carballa
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diana Z Sousa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M Stams
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jules B van Lier
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
- Section Sanitary Engineering, CEG Faculty, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - M Madalena Alves
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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13
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Ekstrand EM, Björn A, Karlsson A, Schnürer A, Kanders L, Yekta SS, Karlsson M, Moestedt J. Identifying targets for increased biogas production through chemical and organic matter characterization of digestate from full-scale biogas plants: what remains and why? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:16. [PMID: 35418216 PMCID: PMC8830174 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background This study examines the destiny of macromolecules in different full-scale biogas processes. From previous studies it is clear that the residual organic matter in outgoing digestates can have significant biogas potential, but the factors dictating the size and composition of this residual fraction and how they correlate with the residual methane potential (RMP) are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to generate additional knowledge of the composition of residual digestate fractions and to understand how they correlate with various operational and chemical parameters. The organic composition of both the substrates and digestates from nine biogas plants operating on food waste, sewage sludge, or agricultural waste was characterized and the residual organic fractions were linked to substrate type, trace metal content, ammonia concentration, operational parameters, RMP, and enzyme activity. Results Carbohydrates represented the largest fraction of the total VS (32–68%) in most substrates. However, in the digestates protein was instead the most abundant residual macromolecule in almost all plants (3–21 g/kg). The degradation efficiency of proteins generally lower (28–79%) compared to carbohydrates (67–94%) and fats (86–91%). High residual protein content was coupled to recalcitrant protein fractions and microbial biomass, either from the substrate or formed in the degradation process. Co-digesting sewage sludge with fat increased the protein degradation efficiency with 18%, possibly through a priming mechanism where addition of easily degradable substrates also triggers the degradation of more complex fractions. In this study, high residual methane production (> 140 L CH4/kg VS) was firstly coupled to operation at unstable process conditions caused mainly by ammonia inhibition (0.74 mg NH3-N/kg) and/or trace element deficiency and, secondly, to short hydraulic retention time (HRT) (55 days) relative to the slow digestion of agricultural waste and manure. Conclusions Operation at unstable conditions was one reason for the high residual macromolecule content and high RMP. The outgoing protein content was relatively high in all digesters and improving the degradation of proteins represents one important way to increase the VS reduction and methane production in biogas plants. Post-treatment or post-digestion of digestates, targeting microbial biomass or recalcitrant protein fractions, is a potential way to achieve increased protein degradation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02103-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Ekstrand
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annika Björn
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB, Holländargatan 21A, 111 60, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7025, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda Kanders
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Purac AB, Box 1146, 221 05, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sepehr Shakeri Yekta
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Karlsson
- Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden.,Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Moestedt
- Department of Thematic Studies - Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden. .,Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden. .,Department of Biogas R&D, Tekniska verken i Linköping AB, Box 1500, 581 15, Linköping, Sweden.
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14
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Elsayed M, Tawfik A, Abomohra AEF. Energy Recovery from Fat, Oil and Grease (FOG). WASTE-TO-ENERGY 2022:309-327. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91570-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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15
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Xie A, Deaver JA, Miller E, Popat SC. Evaluation of electrical current production in microbial electrolysis cells fed with animal rendering wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131547. [PMID: 34329127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anode-respiring bacteria (ARB) generate electrical current from the oxidation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), primarily acetate, in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). Animal rendering wastewater (RW) has high fat content, which under anaerobic conditions can yield acetate, making RW a potential feed for MECs. Yet, excess intermediate long chain fatty acids (LCFA) may limit conversion of LCFA and SCFA, and impact ARB activity. Here, we evaluated electrical current production in single-chamber MECs fed with RW. In RW-fed MECs, 34.26 ± 2.69% of the COD provided was converted to electrical current in an 80-day batch cycle. LCFA accumulated in RW-fed MECs, during which conversion of acetate to electrical current was limited. Diverse sulfate-reducing microorganisms were present in the anode biofilm in RW-fed MECs, whereas the genus Geobacter dominated in inoculum-only control MECs. Detection of H2-utilizing homoacetogens suggested some internal cycling of H2 produced at the cathode. Overall, this study shows that current production is possible from RW, but to be a viable process for RW treatment, further improvement in rates of COD conversion and current production is necessary along with identifying configurations and/or conditions in which the inhibitory effect of LCFA is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Xie
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Jessica A Deaver
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA
| | - Emily Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, 127 Earle Hall, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sudeep C Popat
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, 342 Computer Ct, Anderson, SC, 29625, USA.
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16
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Sakurai R, Takizawa S, Fukuda Y, Tada C. Exploration of microbial communities contributing to effective methane production from scum under anaerobic digestion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257651. [PMID: 34591868 PMCID: PMC8483398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scum is formed by the adsorption of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) onto biomass surface in anaerobic digestion of oily substrates. Since scum is a recalcitrant substrate to be digested, it is disposed via landfilling or incineration, which results in biomass washout and a decrease in methane yield. The microbes contributing to scum degradation are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cardinal microorganisms in anaerobic scum digestion. We pre-incubated a sludge with scum to enrich scum-degrading microbes. Using this sludge, a 1.3-times higher methane conversion rate (73%) and a faster LCFA degradation compared with control sludge were attained. Then, we analyzed the cardinal scum-degrading microbes in this pre-incubated sludge by changing the initial scum-loading rates. Increased 16S rRNA copy numbers for the syntrophic fatty-acid degrader Syntrophomonas and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were observed in scum high-loaded samples. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing indicated that Syntrophomonas was the most abundant genus in all the samples. The amino-acid degrader Aminobacterium and hydrolytic genera such as Defluviitoga and Sporanaerobacter became more dominant as the scum-loading rate increased. Moreover, phylogenic analysis on Syntrophomonas revealed that Syntrophomonas palmitatica, which is capable of degrading LCFAs, related species became more dominant as the scum-loading rate increased. These results indicate that a variety of microorganisms that degrade LCFAs, proteins, and sugars are involved in effective scum degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Sakurai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takizawa
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Miyagi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Wang H, Liu W, Haider MR, Ju F, Yu Z, Shi Y, Cai W, Wang A. Waste activated sludge lysate treatment: Resource recovery and refractory organics degradation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:126206. [PMID: 34492968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge lysate is an unavoidable and refractory liquid produced from the waste activated sludge hydrothermal pyrolysis, which contains plenty of hazardous refractory organic compounds and value-added organic resources. Here, the proof of concept for an integrated strategy that couples technically compatible pretreatment to microbial electrolysis assisted AD (ME-AD) system is investigated for sludge lysate treatment and resource recovery. The pretreatment process shows a positive effectiveness on the ME-AD by reducing the organic load and inhibitory matters, which promote the residual refractory organic compounds (Maillard reaction products and humic acid-like substances) and carbon sources further biodegradation and bio-transformation. Combining membrane separation with ME-AD increased not only both the yield and purity of methane to 268.76 mL CH4/g COD and 98%, respectively, but also the recovery of 70.0~82.4% crude proteins (9.1 ± 0.5 g/L) from sludge lysate. Alternatively, the alkaline precipitation combined with ME-AD enhanced the recovery efficiency of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The visible decreasing in the unpleasant color of the effluents was observed, implying that the degradation of harmful refractory organic was almost eliminated in sludge lysate. This strategy is worthy to be developed in WWTP for sludge lysate treatment with considerable bio-resources recovery and refractory organics removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenzong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Haider
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China; Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingjun Shi
- United Envirotech (Tianjin) Ltd., Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Environmental Science and Engineering Research Center, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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18
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Gaspari M, Treu L, Zhu X, Palù M, Angelidaki I, Campanaro S, Kougias PG. Microbial dynamics in biogas digesters treating lipid-rich substrates via genome-centric metagenomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146296. [PMID: 33714811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Co-digestion with lipid-rich substrates is a likely strategy in biogas plants, due to their high energy content. However, the process stability is vulnerable to inhibition due to the sudden increase of fatty-acid concentration. Therefore, techniques that promote the adaptation of the microorganisms to the presence of lipids have been proposed. In this frame, the initial hypothesis of the work was that a gradual change in feedstock composition would enable us to elucidate the microbial organisation as a result of deterministic (i.e. chemical composition of influent) and stochastic (e.g. interspecies interactions) factors. This study investigates the response of the biogas microbiome to gradual increment of the Organic Loading Rate by supplementing the influent feedstock with Na-Oleate. The results showed that as a response to the feedstock shifts three clusters describing microbes behaviours were formed. The dynamics and the functional role of the formed microbial clusters were unveiled, providing explanations for their abundance and behavior. Process monitoring indicated that the reactors responded immediately to lipid supplementation and they managed to stabilize their performance in a short period of time. The dominance of Candidatus Methanoculleus thermohydrogenotrophicum in the biogas reactors fed exclusively with cattle manure indicated that the predominant methanogenic pathway was hydrogenotrophic. Additionally, the abundance of this methanogen was further enhanced upon lipid supplementation and its growth was supported by syntrophic bacteria capable to metabolize fatty acids. However, with the shift back to the original feedstock (i.e. solely cattle manure), the microbial dynamicity significantly altered with a remarkable increment in the abundance of a propionate degrader affiliated to the order of Bacteroidales, which became the predominant microorganism of the consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaspari
- Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Matteo Palù
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | | | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Demeter, Thermi, Thessaloniki 57001, Greece
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19
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Patil SM, Kurade MB, Basak B, Saha S, Jang M, Kim SH, Jeon BH. Anaerobic co-digester microbiome during food waste valorization reveals Methanosaeta mediated methanogenesis with improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 332:125123. [PMID: 33862385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study determines the optimum food waste (FW) loading in an anaerobic digester for methane production. Interrelation between the degradation mechanism and microbial community composition was assessed through in-depth metabolic pathway analysis and gene quantification. Higher methane production and short lag phase were observed in the FW reactors with low substrate loadings (<4% v/v) while extended lag phase and incomplete substrate utilization were observed in the reactors fed with higher substrates (>6% v/v). The long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) degradation was influenced by initial FW loading, and up to 99% LCFA degradation occurred at 4% FW reactor. The addition of 8 to 10% FW substrate inhibited methanogenesis due to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and low LCFA degradation. Under optimal conditions of substrate loading, Methanosaeta and Methanosarcina were abundant, indicating their role in methanogenesis and syntrophic acetogenesis, along with enhanced metabolic pathways specific for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil M Patil
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea.
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20
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Pan SY, Tsai CY, Liu CW, Wang SW, Kim H, Fan C. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience 2021; 24:102704. [PMID: 34258548 PMCID: PMC8253966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge amount of agricultural wastes and waste activated-sludge are being generated every year around the world. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) has been considered as an alternative for the utilization of organic matters from such organic wastes by producing bioenergy and biochemicals to realize a circular bioeconomy. Despite recent advancement in AcD processes, the effect of feedstock compositions and operating conditions on the biomethane production processe has not been critically explored. In this paper, we have reviewed the effects of feedstock (organic wastes) characteristics, including particle size, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and pretreatment options, on the performance of an anaerobic digestion process. In addition, we provided an overview of the effect of key control parameters, including retention time, temperature, pH of digestate, volatile fatty acids content, total solids content, and organic loading rate. Lastly, based on the findings from the literature, we have presented several perspectives and prospects on priority research to promote AcD to a steppingstone for a circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Cheng-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Chen-Wuing Liu
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan (ROC)
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, The University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae‑ro, Dongdaemun‑gu, Seoul 02504, South Korea
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (ROC)
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21
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Wang H, Fotidis IA, Yan Q, Angelidaki I. Feeding strategies of continuous biomethanation processes during increasing organic loading with lipids or glucose for avoiding potential inhibition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 327:124812. [PMID: 33578353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion is a promising solution for nutrients balance and improvement of methane production in anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. However, the knowledge about the effects of different co-substrates in manure-based AD, and different feeding strategies, on the process performance and the methanogenic microbiome pathway, are still missing. Therefore, under harsh and slow stepwise increase of organic loading rate (OLR), by addition of lipids and carbohydrates as co-substrates in continuous reactors, this study elucidated their effect on methane production and methanogenic microbiome. The results showed that, when OLR increased by adding lipids, a severe inhibition due to accumulated long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) was observed, while no significant inhibition was obtained by addition of glucose. Additionally, the LCFA inhibition in the reactor fed with lipid was alleviated by slow stepwise feeding strategy that enriched aceticlastic Methanosarcina thermophile and Methanosaeta concilii, and hydrogenotrophic Methanobacterium methanogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; School of Civil Engineering Southeast University Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Iskander SM, Amha YM, Wang P, Dong Q, Liu J, Corbett M, Smith AL. Investigation of Fats, Oils, and Grease Co-digestion With Food Waste in Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors and the Associated Microbial Community Using MinION Sequencing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:613626. [PMID: 33912543 PMCID: PMC8072289 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.613626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-digestion of fats, oils, and grease (FOG) with food waste (FW) can improve the energy recovery in anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs). Here, we investigated the effect of co-digestion of FW and FOG in AnMBRs at fat mass loading of 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 kg m–3 day–1 with a constant organic loading rate of 5.0 gCOD L–1 day–1 in both a single-phase (SP) and two-phase (TP) configuration. A separate mono-digestion of FW at an identical organic loading rate was used as the benchmark. During co-digestion, higher daily biogas production, ranging from 4.0 to 12.0%, was observed in the two-phase methane phase (TP-MP) reactor compared to the SP reactor, but the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) due to the high variability in daily biogas production. However, the co-digestion of FW with FOG at 1.0 kg m–3 day–1 fat loading rate significantly (p < 0.05) improved daily biogas production in both the SP (11.0%) and TP (13.0%) reactors compared to the mono-digestion of FW. Microbial community analyses using cDNA-based MinION sequencing of weekly biomass samples from the AnMBRs revealed the prevalence of Lactobacillus (92.2–95.7% relative activity) and Anaerolineaceae (13.3–57.5% relative activity), which are known as fermenters and fatty acid degraders. Syntrophic fatty acid oxidizers were mostly present in the SP and TP-MP reactors, possibly because of the low pH and short solid retention time (SRT) in the acid phase digesters. A greater abundance of the mcrA gene copies (and methanogens) was observed in the SP and MP reactors compared to the acid-phase (AP) reactors. This study demonstrates that FW and FOG can be effectively co-digested in AnMBRs and is expected to inform full-scale decisions on the optimum fat loading rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeed Md Iskander
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Yamrot M Amha
- Trussell Technologies, Inc., Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Phillip Wang
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Qin Dong
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juhe Liu
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Adam L Smith
- Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ma J, Wang P, Gu W, Su Y, Wei H, Xie B. Does lipid stress affect performance, fate of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial dynamics during anaerobic digestion of food waste? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143846. [PMID: 33250254 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste (FW) disposal can pose severe threats to public health. Lipid is a primary composition in FW, while whether lipid stress can affect ARGs dynamics during anaerobic digestion (AD) process of FW is uncertain. This study focused on the impacts of lipid stress on methane production, fate of ARGs and its microbial mechanisms during AD of FW. Results showed that high lipid content increased methane yield but prolonged hydrolysis and lag time of methane production compared to AD of FW without oil. Moreover, variations of ARGs were more susceptible to lipid stress. Lipid stress could facilitate the reduction of total ARGs abundances compared to the group without oil, particularly restraining the proliferation of sul1, aadA1 and mefA in AD systems (P < 0.05). Mantel test suggested that integrons (intl1 and intl2) were significantly correlated with all detected ARGs (r: 0.33, P < 0.05), indicating that horizontal gene transfer mediated by integrons could be the driving force on ARGs dissemination. Network analysis suggested that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Synergistetes and Proteobacteria were the main potential hosts of ARGs. In addition, under the lipid stress, the reduction of host bacteria was responsible for the elimination of several specific ARGs, thereby affecting ARGs profiles. These findings firstly deciphered ARGs dynamics and their driving factors responding to lipid stress during anaerobic biological treatment of FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Panliang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yinglong Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huawei Wei
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics & Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Bai Y, Liang B, Yun H, Zhao Y, Li Z, Qi M, Ma X, Huang C, Wang A. Combined bioaugmentation with electro-biostimulation for improved bioremediation of antimicrobial triclocarban and PAHs complexly contaminated sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123937. [PMID: 33264985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Haloaromatic antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) is an emerging refractory contaminant that commonly coexisted with conventional contaminants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). TCC may negatively affect the metabolic activity of sediment microorganisms and persist in environment; however, remediation methods that relieve the TCC inhibitory effect in sediments remain unknown. Here, a novel electro-biostimulation and bioaugmentation combined remediation system was proposed by the simultaneous introduction of a TCC-degrading Ochrobactrum sp. TCC-2 and electrode into the TCC and PAHs co-contaminated sediments. Results indicated the PAHs and TCC degradation efficiencies of the combined system were 2.9-3.0 and 4.6 times respectively higher than those of the control group (no electro-biostimulation and no bioaugmentation treatments). The introduced strain TCC-2 and the enriched electroactive bacteria and PAHs degraders (e.g. Desulfobulbus, Clostridium, and Paenarthrobacter) synergistically contributed to the accelerated degradation of PAHs and TCC. The preferential elimination of the TCC inhibitory effect through bioaugmentation treatment could restore microbial functions by increasing the functional gene abundances related to various metabolic processes. This study offers new insights into the response of sediment functional communities to TCC stress, electro-biostimulation and bioaugmentation operations and provides a promising system for the enhanced bioremediation of the PAHs and TCC co-contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Hui Yun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youkang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Mengyuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Cong Huang
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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25
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Choi G, Kim H, Lee C. Long-term monitoring of a thermal hydrolysis-anaerobic co-digestion plant treating high-strength organic wastes: Process performance and microbial community dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124138. [PMID: 32980668 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two parallel anaerobic digesters (8500 m3 capacity each), combined with thermal hydrolysis (TH) pretreatment, co-digesting dewatered sewage sludge, dewatered human feces, and food wastewater were monitored over a 12-month period from start-up to explore the feasibility of field application of the combined process. The waste mixtures before and after pretreatment and the feed and digestate of each digester were taken semimonthly (i.e., 48 samples in total) for analysis of the feed characteristics, process parameters, and digester microbial community structure. The TH pretreatment proved effective in improving the bioavailability of the waste mixture. The solubilization efficiency tended to increase with the particulate organic fraction in the raw mixture. Although fluctuations in the feed characteristics and loading significantly influenced the process and microbial behaviors, the digesters maintained stable performance during the study period. Our results demonstrate that the TH-anaerobic digestion process can achieve an effective and robust treatment of the waste mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyucheol Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwoong Kim
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Pan SY, Li CW, Huang YZ, Fan C, Tai YC, Chen YL. Composition-oriented estimation of biogas production from major culinary wastes in an anaerobic bioreactor and its associated CO 2 reduction potential. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124045. [PMID: 32889126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide applications of dry anaerobic digestion (AD), a number of fundamental issues, such as composition-oriented estimation of biogas production and CO2 reduction potential, were not well understood yet. The objective of this study was to establish composition-oriented models for prediction of biogas production and the associated shift of microbial communities. Three important factors regarding feedstock, including loading, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and solid-to-liquid ratio, were found to significantly affect the biogas production. The biogas production and digestion kinetics were evaluated with the response surface methodology. The major contribution to biogas production was found to be hydrogenotrophic methanogens (82.6 ± 0.4%). The net CO2 reduction potential was assessed from the life-cycle approach, and a substantial amount of CO2 generation (i.e., 2.8-6.7 tonne/tonne-VS) could be reduced by AD, compared to incineration, revealing that dry AD for food waste treatment should be one of the essential practices in the portfolio of global CO2 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Zhen Huang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chihhao Fan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Saha S, Basak B, Hwang JH, Salama ES, Chatterjee PK, Jeon BH. Microbial Symbiosis: A Network towards Biomethanation. Trends Microbiol 2020; 28:968-984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Agabo-García C, Solera R, Pérez M. First approaches to valorizate fat, oil and grease (FOG) as anaerobic co-substrate with slaughterhouse wastewater: Biomethane potential, settling capacity and microbial dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127474. [PMID: 32603962 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the biological preferred treatment applied to Slaughterhouse wastewaters (SWW) due to its effectiveness. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of different percentages of fats, oil and grease (FOG) on biomethane production in anaerobic co-digestion with slaughterhouse wastewater using BMP tests under mesophilic conditions (35 °C). For this purpose, three percentages of FOG from 1% to 10% were tested. Biodegradability, biomethane production and the microbial population were studied. In addition, settling capacity has been evaluated at different conditions: i) before and after anaerobic co-digestion; ii) at different temperature 25 °C and 35 °C. The settling rates as well as the characterization of the digestate were recorded. Experimental results showed that all the co-digestion mixtures (FOG percentages = 1-10%) enhanced biomethane production and biodegradability compared to AD of sole SWW. The best conditions were achieved at 5-10% of FOG, showing biodegradability of 66-70% CODtremoval and specific biomethane productions of 562 and 777 mLCH4·g-1CODsremoved, respectively. Regarding microbial dynamics, Eubacteria was reduced with the increase in %FOG but Acetate utilizing methanogens was increased. Regarding settling capacity, mesophilic temperatures (35 °C) increased the settling rate of digestate in 1.76 times and reduced the lag-phase to 0.92 min; obtaining a more concentrated sludge and leaving a clarified whose TSS represent only 8% of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Agabo-García
- Department of Environmental Technologies, University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, 11500, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Rosario Solera
- Department of Environmental Technologies, University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, 11500, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Pérez
- Department of Environmental Technologies, University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, 11500, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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29
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Physicochemical Characterization of Home-Made Soap from Waste-Used Frying Oils. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to describe the utilization of waste frying oils, originated mainly from households, in home-made soap production and to emphasize the advantages of soap biodegradation in comparison to biological treatment of oils. The physicochemical analyses of soaps were used to check the differences between the samples made of fresh and fried oils. Significant (p < 0.05) difference between the soaps made of fresh/fried olive oil pair was obtained, while the rapeseed sample pair did not differ significantly (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA) exhibited notable differences with an increase from 1.94 μg/g to 2.33 μg/g for olive oil fresh/fried pair and from 3.43 μg/g to 4.10 μg/g for rapeseed–palm oil fresh/fried pair. The studies addressing the soap biodegradation process revealed that soaps are degrading up to four times faster than oils in waste processing plants. Literature data showed the syntrophic ways of soap degradation and degradation solely done by sulfate-reducing bacteria. Obtained results, same as literature data, indicated that soaps produced from fried plant oils represent acceptable products from the economic and environmental point of view. Soap production can be considered one of the possible ways toward reduction of waste oil disposal.
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30
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Feng Q, Song YC, Li J, Wang Z, Wu Q. Influence of electrostatic field and conductive material on the direct interspecies electron transfer for methane production. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 188:109867. [PMID: 32846649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electrostatic field on the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathways for methane production was investigated in a batch bioelectrochemical anaerobic digester (BEAD). The ultimate methane production and methane yield in the BEAD reactor saturated to 925 ± 29 mL/L and 309.9 ± 9.6 mL CH4/g COD, respectively, which were much higher than 616 ± 3 mL/L and 205.4 ± 205.4 mL CH4/g COD in the anaerobic digester (AD). In the cyclic voltammogram (CV) for bulk solution, the oxidation peak current was 0.52 mA in the BEAD reactor, which was higher than 0.24 mA of AD reactor. This shows that the oxidizing ability of microorganisms was greatly improved in the BEAD reactor. Anaerolineaceae, a well-known electroactive bacterial family, was well enriched in the BEAD reactor. It indicates that the electrostatic field can enrich the electroactive bacteria and activate the DIET pathways for methane production. Moreover, the conductive material (activated carbon) further improved the performance of BEAD reactor, implies that the conductivities of bulk solution is one of the important parameters for the DIET pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
| | - Young-Chae Song
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan, 49112, South Korea
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zejie Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
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31
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Hao J, de Los Reyes Iii FL, He X. Fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits yield higher methane than FOG in anaerobic co-digestion with waste activated sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110708. [PMID: 32510442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The formation of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits in sewers is a global challenge for the maintenance of sewer collection systems. Tons of FOG deposits (FDs) are removed from sewer systems every year and present an opportunity for increased methane production via anaerobic co-digestion with waste activated sludge (WAS) at water resource recovery facilities with existing anaerobic digesters. We hypothesized that FDs have higher biomethane potential than that of FOG (e.g., FOG collected in grease interceptors), because of the reduction of inhibition of long chain fatty acids due to saponification. In this study, substantially enhanced methane production was found in anaerobic co-digestion of WAS with FDs within the substrate to inoculum (S/I) ratio range of 0.25-1.2, and the maximum ultimate methane production (685.7 ± 24.1 mL/gVSadded, at S/I = 0.5) was 4.0 times higher than in the control (with WAS only) after 42 days of incubation. Although the lag phase period was longer in FD co-digestion (S/I = 0.5) than in FOG co-digestion (S/I = 0.5) under the same organic loading (gVS) and two times the COD loading, the daily methane production rate became higher after Day 15 in FD co-digestion. Significantly higher cumulative methane production (10.2%, p < 0.05) was obtained in FD co-digestion than in FOG co-digestion after 42-days. Microbial community analysis revealed higher levels of Geobacter in FD co-digestion, possibly suggesting a role for direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between Methanosaeta and Geobacter. This work provides fundamental insights supporting anaerobic co-digestion of FDs with WAS, demonstrating the advantages of FDs compared to FOG as co-substrate for enhanced biomethane recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahou Hao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541006, China
| | - Francis L de Los Reyes Iii
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xia He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi, 541006, China.
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32
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Usman M, Zha L, Abomohra AEF, Li X, Zhang C, Salama ES. Evaluation of animal- and plant-based lipidic waste in anaerobic digestion: kinetics of long-chain fatty acids degradation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:733-749. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1756215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lajia Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Abd El-Fatah Abomohra
- New Energy Department, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Xiangkai Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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33
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Conversion of waste cooking oil into biogas: perspectives and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2833-2856. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Ma XC, Li XK, Wang XW, Liu GG, Zuo JL, Wang ST, Wang K. Impact of salinity on anaerobic microbial community structure in high organic loading purified terephthalic acid wastewater treatment system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121132. [PMID: 31518813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of salinity (1% sodium chloride) on anaerobic microbial community structure in high strength telephthalic wastewater treatment system, the performances of anaerobic-aerobic process and the shifts of microbial community in anaerobic tank were studied and determined. Results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the whole process remained above 90%. And the effluent concentrations of targeted pollutants were lower than 10 mg/L, other than para-toluic acid (PT, 38.09 mg/L). However, methane production significantly decreased compared to no salinity situation. This might be due to the inhibition of salinity on methanogens, which hindered the conversion of acetate to methane. Furthermore, the dominant genus in bacterial level changed from Tepidisphaera to Syntrophus, which facilitated the syntrophic association with hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The prevailed archaea remained acetoclastic Methanothrix above 90%. Therefore, the salinity on anaerobic microbial community structure mainly reflects in the methanogen process, remarkably decreasing methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiang-Kun Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; School of Civil and Transportation, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Xue-Wei Wang
- Life Science and Environmental Science Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Gai-Ge Liu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jin-Long Zuo
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Shu-Tao Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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Nakasaki K, Nguyen KK, Ballesteros FC, Maekawa T, Koyama M. Characterizing the microbial community involved in anaerobic digestion of lipid-rich wastewater to produce methane gas. Anaerobe 2020; 61:102082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.102082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Wang L, Hossen EH, Aziz TN, Ducoste JJ, de Los Reyes FL. Increased loading stress leads to convergence of microbial communities and high methane yields in adapted anaerobic co-digesters. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 169:115155. [PMID: 31671296 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing biogas production, while avoiding inhibition of methanogenesis during co-digestion of grease interceptor waste (GIW), can help water resource recovery facilities reduce their carbon footprint. Here we used pre-adapted and non-adapted digesters to link microbial community structure to digester function. Before disturbance, the pre-adapted and non-adapted digesters showed similar methane production and microbial community diversity but dissimilar community composition. When exposed to an identical disturbance, the pre-adapted digester achieved better performance, while the non-adapted digester was inhibited. When re-exposed to disturbance after recovery, communities and performance of both digesters converged, regardless of the temporal variations. Co-digestion of up to 75% GIW added on a volatile solids (VS) basis was achieved, increasing methane yield by 336% from 0.180 to 0.785 l-methane/g-VS-added, the highest methane yield reported to date for lipid-rich waste. Progressive perturbation substantially enriched fatty acid-degrading Syntrophomonas from less than 1% to 24.6% of total 16S rRNA gene sequences, acetoclastic Methanosaeta from 2.3% to 11.9%, and hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum from less than 1% to 6.6% in the pre-adapted digester. Specific hydrolytic and fermentative populations also increased. These ecological insights demonstrated how progressive perturbation can be strategically used to influence methanogenic microbiomes and improve co-digestion of GIW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Elvin H Hossen
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tarek N Aziz
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Joel J Ducoste
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Francis L de Los Reyes
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Guo G, Chen Y, Tian F, Gao Z, Zhu C, Liu C. Effects of livestock manure properties and temperature on the methanogen community composition and methane production during storage. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:131-140. [PMID: 30134773 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1491640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Livestock slurry stored in ponds is an important source of methane emission, which is influenced by environmental factors. In this study, the effect of slurry properties and temperature on methane flux and methanogen community composition was investigated. The methanogen community composition in swine slurry was more sensitive to temperature and significantly different from that of cattle slurry (ANOSIM, P < 0.05), especially for the phylotypes affiliated with Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculaceae and Methanocorpusculum. These different methanogen communities partially accounted for the differences in methane flux between swine and cattle slurries. Methanogen abundance seemed to not be affected by slurry properties or temperature, but the mcrA (encoding the alpha subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase) transcript/gene ratio was significantly increased at 30°C and was higher in swine slurry than in cattle slurry (t-test, P < 0.05). This study reveals that higher temperatures increased methane production by promoting the transcription of mcrA rather than by increasing methanogen cell numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Guo
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxing Chen
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Tian
- College of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenduo Gao
- Zhongtian Silk Co., Ltd, Dandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Kurade MB, Saha S, Kim JR, Roh HS, Jeon BH. Microbial community acclimatization for enhancement in the methane productivity of anaerobic co-digestion of fats, oil, and grease. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 296:122294. [PMID: 31677410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The methane productivity and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) degradation capability of unacclimatized seed sludge (USS) and acclimatized seed sludge (ASS) at different substrate ratios of fats oil and grease (FOG) and mixed sewage sludge were investigated in this study. Biogas produced in ASS in initial phase of anaerobic digestion had higher methane content (65-76%) than that in USS (26-73%). The degradation of major LCFAs in the ASS was 22-80%, 33-191%, and 7-64% higher for the substrate ratios of 100:10, 100:20, and 100:30, respectively, as compared to the LCFAs' degradation in USS. Microbial acclimatization increased the population of Firmicutes (40%), Bacteroidetes (32%), Synergistetes (10%), and Euryarchaeota (8%) in ASS, which supported the faster rate of LCFAs degradation for its later conversion to methane. The significant abundance of Syntrophomonas and Methanosarcina genera in ASS supported faster generation rate of methane in an obligatory syntrophic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Rae Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seog Roh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju, Gangwon 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Salama ES, Jeon BH, Kurade MB, Patil SM, Usman M, Li X, Lim H. Enhanced anaerobic co-digestion of fat, oil, and grease by calcium addition: Boost of biomethane production and microbial community shift. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 296:122353. [PMID: 31718843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work focused on the application of calcium (0.1-1% w/v) to overcome the inhibition caused by the high loadings (2% v/v) of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in the context of biomethane production, organic removal, and microbial community shift. Addition of 0.5% calcium showed maximum biomethane production (6-fold increase); biomethane production decreased following the addition of calcium (>0.5%). The highest organic removal rates were 83 and 89% upon the addition of 0.3 and 0.5% calcium, respectively. Addition of calcium facilitated the growth of bacteria of phylum Firmicutes from the Clostridium, Syntrophomonas, and Sedimentibacter genera. The population of members from the genus Methanosaeta increased after the addition of 0.5% calcium, which is one of the factors responsible for high biomethane production. This study demonstrated that addition of calcium is an attractive strategy to avoid the inhibition of the growth of anaerobic microflora due to the presence of high FOG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Swapnil M Patil
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiangkai Li
- MOE, Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, PR China
| | - Hankwon Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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Chowdhury B, Lin L, Dhar BR, Islam MN, McCartney D, Kumar A. Enhanced biomethane recovery from fat, oil, and grease through co-digestion with food waste and addition of conductive materials. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124362. [PMID: 31323554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of conductive additives on co-digestion of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and food waste (FW) was evaluated. Initially, biochemical methane potential (BMP) test was conducted for optimization of mixing ratio of FW and FOG. The optimal methane production (800 L (kg VS)-1) was obtained from co-digestion of 70% FW + 30% FOG (w/w), which was 1.2 times and 12 times of that obtained from mono-digestion of FW and FOG, respectively. This optimal mixing ratio was used for subsequent fed-batch studies with the addition of two conductive additives, granular activated carbon (GAC) and magnetite. The addition of GAC significantly shortened the lag phase (from 7 to 3 d), reduced accumulation of various volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and enhanced methane production rate (50-80% increase) compared to the control and magnetite-amended bioreactor. Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) analysis suggested that the degradation of lipids, protein and carbohydrates was the highest in GAC amended reactor, followed by magnetite and control reactors. GAC addition also enriched more abundant and diverse bacteria and methanogens than control. Magnetite addition also showed similar trends but to a lesser degree. The substantial enrichment of syntrophic LCFA β-oxidizing bacteria (e.g. Syntrophomonas) and methanogenic archaea in the GAC-amended bioreactor likely attributed to the superior methanogenesis kinetics in GAC amended bioreactor. Our findings suggest that the addition of GAC could provide a sustainable strategy to enrich kinetically efficient syntrophic microbiome to favor methanogenesis kinetics in co-digestion of FW and FOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bappi Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bipro Ranjan Dhar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | | | - Daryl McCartney
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
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Donoso-Bravo A, Ortega V, Lesty Y, Vanden Bossche H, Olivares D. Assessing the stability of anaerobic co-digestion in the context of a WWTP with thermal pre-treatment of sewage sludge. Case study in Chile. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 100:240-248. [PMID: 31561024 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, beverage wastewater (BW) and extended aeration sewage sludge were assessed as co-substrates with both mixed sludge and thermally hydrolyzed sludge as substrates in an anaerobic codigestion (AcoD) process. The methodology is an integrated methodology that comprises a batch test (BMP) and semicontinuous reactor along with microbial diversity analysis. The results showed that in batch conditions, neither significant synergistic nor antagonistic effects were observed on the maximum potential (P) due to the cosubstrates presence. However, synergistic effects on a kinetic parameter (Rm) were observed when BW was used as cosubstrate. Process instability was observed in semi-continuous mode with cosubstrate BW, which was not predicted by the BMP test. As demonstrated in this study, the BMP approach is also not suitable for predicting continuous performance in real systems; however, it can be used to screen an array of substrates. In semi-continuous mode, one can expect to reach values between 50 and 60% of the biogas potential and 20-40% of the maximum production rate achieved in batch tests. The agreement between batch and semi-continuous results is also dependent on the type of inoculum used. The microbial diversity of the system was more influenced by the reactor stability than the presence of cosubstrates. To predict the performance (and stability) of real anaerobic digesters, dynamic models should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Ortega
- Cetaqua, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Los Pozos 7340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yves Lesty
- Gerencia Economía Circular, Aguas Andinas, Chile
| | | | - Diego Olivares
- Cetaqua, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Los Pozos 7340, Santiago, Chile
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42
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Changes in the microbial community during the acclimation process of anaerobic digestion for treatment of synthetic lipid-rich wastewater. J Biotechnol 2019; 306:32-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Nzila A, Razzak SA, Sankara S, Nazal MK, Al-Momani M, Kang GU, Ibal JC, Shin JH. Characterisation and microbial community analysis of lipid utilising microorganisms for biogas formation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224989. [PMID: 31703100 PMCID: PMC6839884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the anaerobic process, fat-oil-grease (FOG) is hydrolysed to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and glycerol (GLYC), which are then used as substrates to produce biogas. The increase in FOG and LCFAs inhibits methanogenesis, and so far, most work investigating this inhibition has been carried out when FOG or LCFAs were used as co-substrates. In the current work, the inhibition of methanogenesis by FOG, LCFAs and GLYC was investigated when used as sole substrates. To gain more insight on the dynamics of this process, the change of microbial community was analysed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The results indicate that, as the concentrations of cooking olive oil (CO, which represents FOG) and LCFAs increase, methanogenesis is inhibited. For instance, at 0.01 g. L-1 of FOG, the rate of biogas formation was around 8 ml.L-1.day-1, and this decreased to <4 ml.L-1.day-1 at 40 g.L-1. Similar results were observed with the use of LCFAs. However, GLYC concentrations up to 100g.L-1 did not affect the rate of biogas formation. Acidic pH, temperature > = 45°C and NaCl > 3% led to a significant decrease in the rate of biogas formation. Microbial community analyses were carried out from samples from 3 different bioreactors (CO, OLEI and GLYC), on day 1, 5 and 15. In each bioreactor, microbial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. The most important families were Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Shewanellaceae (Proteobacteria phylum), Clostridiacea and Ruminococcaceae (Firmicutes) and Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidaceae (Bacteroidetes). In CO bioreactor, Proteobacteria bacteria decreased over time, while those of OLEI and GLYC bioreactors increased. A more pronounced increase in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were observed in CO bioreactor. The methanogenic archaea Methanobacteriaceae and Methanocorpusculaceae were identified. This analysis has shown that a set of microbial population is selected as a function of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nzila
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaikh Abdur Razzak
- Departments of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Sankara
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen K. Nazal
- Research Institute, Center for Environment and Water, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Al-Momani
- Departments of Mathematics & Statistics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gi-Ung Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jerald Conrad Ibal
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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44
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Comprehensive investigation of soybean oil-derived LCFAs on anaerobic digestion of organic waste: Inhibitory effect and transformation. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Kim M, Abdulazeez M, Haroun BM, Nakhla G, Keleman M. Microbial communities in co-digestion of food wastes and wastewater biosolids. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 289:121580. [PMID: 31207413 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of food waste (FW) co-digestion with wastewater biosolids (WWB) on microbial communities was investigated through running thirteen lab-scale digesters for 100 days at different operational conditions i.e. organic loading rates (2 and 4 kgCOD/m3·day), feed types (WWB and FW), and FW content (10%, 90%, 100%). Compared with mono-digestion of WWB, FW co-digestion enhanced biogas production by 13% and COD degradation rates by up to 101%. Among fermentative bacteria/acetogens, Syntrophomonas was the dominant genus in FW digesters in contrast to the dominance of Clostridium in WWB digesters. The predominant methanogen was Methanosarcina in FW digesters in contrast to Methanosaeta in WWB digesters. COD degradation rates and methane yields were well correlated with Bacteroidetes population. Methane production rate was well correlated with Clostridium for FW digesters, with syntrophs for WWB digesters, and with aceticlastic methanogens for both digesters. Synergism was associated with hydrolytic bacteria, Clostridium, Syntrophomonas, syntrophs, Methanosarcina, and Methanobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kim
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Mariam Abdulazeez
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Basem M Haroun
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - George Nakhla
- Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada.
| | - Michael Keleman
- Emerson Electric Co., 8000 West Florissant Avenue, S. Louis, MO 63136, United States
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Chou YC, Su JJ. Biogas Production by Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Dairy Wastewater with the Crude Glycerol from Slaughterhouse Sludge Cake Transesterification. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090618. [PMID: 31466250 PMCID: PMC6769458 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive sludge in the wastewater treatment basins has to be removed periodically and collected as the form of sludge cake for promising good water quality of the effluent. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of biogas production by anaerobic co-digestion of dairy cattle wastewater and crude glycerol from transesterification of sludge cake. Different ratios of crude glycerol, i.e., 2, 4, and 8% (v/v), from the previous experiment were mixed with dairy cattle wastewater and inoculated with anaerobic sludge in cap-sealed 1-L serum bottles as anaerobic digesters. Although the 8% crude glycerol set showed the highest total biogas and methane production, low pH from volatile fatty acid accumulation decreased the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids after a 14-d incubation period. The experimental sets with 2 and 4% of crude glycerol increased total methane production up to 177 and 226% compared to the control set, respectively. We found that addition of crude glycerol decreased removal efficiency of total solids and volatile solids. In our study, we proved that slaughterhouse sludge cake is a feasible feedstock for producing biogas through transesterification and anaerobic co-digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Chou
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Jeng Su
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
- Bioenergy Research Center, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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47
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Acetotrophic Activity Facilitates Methanogenesis from LCFA at Low Temperatures: Screening from Mesophilic Inocula. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2019; 2019:1751783. [PMID: 31191117 PMCID: PMC6525847 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1751783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The inoculum source plays a crucial role in the anaerobic treatment of wastewaters. Lipids are present in various wastewaters and have a high methanogenic potential, but their hydrolysis results in the production of long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) that are inhibitory to anaerobic microorganisms. Screening of inoculum for the anaerobic treatment of LCFA-containing wastewaters has been performed at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. However, an evaluation of inocula for producing methane from LCFA-containing wastewater has not yet been conducted at low temperatures and needs to be undertaken. In this study, three inocula (one granular sludge and two municipal digester sludges) were assessed for methane production from LCFA-containing synthetic dairy wastewater (SDW) at low temperatures (10 and 20°C). A methane yield (based on mL-CH4/g-CODadded) of 86-65% with acetate and 45-20% with SDW was achieved within 10 days using unacclimated granular sludge, whereas the municipal digester sludges produced methane only at 20°C but not at 10°C even after 200 days of incubation. The acetotrophic activity in the inoculum was found to be crucial for methane production from LCFA at low temperatures, highlighting the role of Methanosaeta (acetoclastic archaea) at low temperatures. The presence of bacterial taxa from the family Syntrophaceae (Syntrophus and uncultured taxa) in the inoculum was found to be important for methane production from SDW at 10°C. This study suggests the evaluation of acetotrophic activity and the initial microbial community characteristics by high-throughput amplicon sequencing for selecting the inoculum for producing methane at low temperatures (up to 10°C) from lipid-containing wastewaters.
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48
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Nayak A, Bhushan B. An overview of the recent trends on the waste valorization techniques for food wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:352-370. [PMID: 30590265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A critical and up-to-date review has been conducted on the latest individual valorization technologies aimed at the generation of value-added by-products from food wastes in the form of bio-fuels, bio-materials, value added components and bio-based adsorbents. The aim is to examine the associated advantages and drawbacks of each technique separately along with the assessment of process parameters affecting the efficiency of the generation of the bio-based products. Challenges faced during the processing of the wastes to each of the bio-products have been explained and future scopes stated. Among the many hurdles encountered in the successful and high yield generation of the bio-products is the complexity and variability in the composition of the food wastes along with the high inherent moisture content. Also, individual technologies have their own process configurations and operating parameters which may affect the yield and composition of the desired end product. All these require extensive study of the composition of the food wastes followed by their effective pre-treatments, judicial selection of the technological parameters and finally optimization of not only the process configurations but also in relation to the input food waste material. Attempt has also been made to address the hurdles faced during the implementation of such technologies on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nayak
- Innovació i Recerca Industrial I Sostenible, S.L., 08860, Spain; Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India.
| | - Brij Bhushan
- Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248002, India; Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politechnica Catalunya, UPC-BarcelonaTECH, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
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49
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Bai Y, Xu R, Wang QP, Zhang YR, Yang ZH. Sludge anaerobic digestion with high concentrations of tetracyclines and sulfonamides: Dynamics of microbial communities and change of antibiotic resistance genes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 276:51-59. [PMID: 30611086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study established two mesophilic anaerobic digesters to ascertain the microbial dynamics and variation characteristics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with high concentration of antibiotics. System parameters, microbial community, ARGs (tetA, tetM, tetW, sulI, sulII) and integrase gene of class 1 (intI1) were analyzed. General performance of AD showed methane production was inhibited by 17.1% under the pressure of antibiotics. Microbial 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing results showed the richness of microbial community decreased, but a higher diversity was found with antibiotics added. Furthermore, microbial community structure at genus level was significantly changed. Real-time quantitative PCR of several target genes demonstrated that the adjunction of high concentration of antibiotics exerted a significant induction influence on ARGs, however, the abundance of intI1 decreased observably. Correlation analysis showed intI1 only played a small role in ARGs' transfer during AD, change of potential hosts was the key factor instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Qing-Peng Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yan-Ru Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhao-Hui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Kurade MB, Saha S, Salama ES, Patil SM, Govindwar SP, Jeon BH. Acetoclastic methanogenesis led by Methanosarcina in anaerobic co-digestion of fats, oil and grease for enhanced production of methane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 272:351-359. [PMID: 30384210 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fats, oil and grease (FOG) are energy-dense wastes that substantially increase biomethane recovery. Shifts in the microbial community during anaerobic co-digestion of FOG was assessed to understand relationships between substrate digestion and microbial adaptations. Excessive addition of FOG inhibited the methanogenic activity during initial phase; however, it enhanced the ultimate methane production by 217% compared to the control. The dominance of Proteobacteria was decreased with a simultaneous increase in Firmicutes, Bacteriodetes, Synergistetes and Euryarchaeota during the co-digestion. A significant increase in Syntrophomonas (0.18-11%), Sporanaerobacter (0.14-6%) and Propionispira (0.02-19%) was observed during co-digestion, which substantiated their importance in acetogenesis. Among methanogenic Archaea, the dominance of Methanosaeta (94%) at the beginning of co-digestion was gradually replaced by Methanosarcina (0.52-95%). The absence/relatively low abundance of syntrophic acetate oxidizers and hydrogenotrophic methanogens, and dominance of acetoclastic methanogens suggested that methane generation during co-digestion of FOG was predominantly conducted through acetoclastic pathway led by Methanosarcina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Shouvik Saha
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - El-Sayed Salama
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Swapnil M Patil
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay P Govindwar
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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