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Lin JL, Sidik F. Harvesting of cyanobacteria and phosphorus by electrocoagulation-flocculation-flotation: Role of phosphorus precipitation in cell separations and organics destabilization. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121868. [PMID: 38852392 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A high level of phosphate triggers the excretion of algogenic organic matter (AOM) during algae blooming, leading to disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation. The presence of phosphate could impact cyanobacteria harvesting and AOM separations by electrocoagulation. This study aims to investigate the role of phosphate in cell separations and AOM destabilization by Al-based electrocoagulation-flocculation-flotation (EFF) for harvesting of cyanobacteria and phosphate. The Al-based EFF was conducted to harvest Microcystis aeruginosa (MA) with varied phosphate (0-10 mg/L) at 5 mA/cm2 and pH 8. Fluorescent organic fractions, molecular weight distributions, the properties of flocs and DBPs formation potential were fully investigated. The results showed that the EFF at a low level of phosphate (1 mg/L) effectively improves the harvesting of MA cells, phosphate and the reduction in dissolved organic matter (DOC) up to 99.5 %, 95 % and 50 %, respectively. However, the presence of concentrated phosphate (10 mg/L) alleviates cell harvesting and worsens AOM separations due to ineffective floc formation induced by the fast formation of inactive AlPO4 precipitates along with limited Al(OH)3. At such a condition, it worsens DBPs precursors minimization owing to AOM release from MA cells. The increase in the current density during EFF can compensate for cell harvesting efficiency even though at concentrated phosphate, but it further induces AOM release. It is concluded that Al-based EFF demonstrates an efficient harvesting of cyanobacteria, phosphorus and AOM separations from algae-laden water under phosphate impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Lin Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Environmental Risk Management, College of Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Fahrudin Sidik
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC
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2
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Yang H, Xu L, Li Y, Liu H, Wu X, Zhou P, Graham NJD, Yu W. Fe xO/FeNC modified activated carbon packing media for biological slow filtration to enhance the removal of dissolved organic matter in reused water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131736. [PMID: 37295334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biological slow filtration reactor (BSFR) process has been found to be moderately effective for the removal of refractory dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the treatment of reused water. In this study, bench scale experiments were conducted using a mixture of landscape water and concentrated landfill leachate as feed water, to compare a novel iron oxide (FexO)/FeNC modified activated carbon (FexO@AC) packed BSFR, with a conventional activated carbon packed BSFR (AC-BSFR), operated in parallel. The results showed that the FexO@AC packed BSFR had a refractory DOM removal rate of 90%, operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h at room temperature for 30 weeks, while under the same conditions the removal by the AC-BSFR was only 70%. As a consequence, the treatment by the FexO@AC packed BSFR substantially reduced the formation potential of trihalomethanes, and to a less extent, haloacetic acids. The modification of FexO/FeNC media raised the conductivity and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) efficiency of the AC media to accelerate the anaerobic digestion by consuming the electrons that are generated by anaerobic digestion itself, which lead to the marked improvement in refractory DOM removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Lei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Mail Box 306, Hexing Road 26, Harbin, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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3
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Hu S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Wang W, Zhou W, Shen X, Liu C. Reductive Sequestration of Cr(VI) and Immobilization of C during the Microbially Mediated Transformation of Ferrihydrite-Cr(VI)-Fulvic Acid Coprecipitates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37216216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) detoxification and organic matter (OM) stabilization are usually influenced by the biological transformation of iron (Fe) minerals; however, the underlying mechanisms of metal-reducing bacteria on the coupled kinetics of Fe minerals, Cr, and OM remain unclear. Here, the reductive sequestration of Cr(VI) and immobilization of fulvic acid (FA) during the microbially mediated phase transformation of ferrihydrite with varying Cr/Fe ratios were investigated. No phase transformation occurred until Cr(VI) was completely reduced, and the ferrihydrite transformation rate decreased as the Cr/Fe ratio increased. Microscopic analysis was uncovered, which revealed that the resulting Cr(III) was incorporated into the lattice structure of magnetite and goethite, whereas OM was mainly adsorbed on goethite and magnetite surfaces and located within pore spaces. Fine line scan profiles showed that OM adsorbed on the Fe mineral surface had a lower oxidation state than that within nanopores, and C adsorbed on the magnetite surface had the highest oxidation state. During reductive transformation, the immobilization of FA by Fe minerals was predominantly via surface complexation, and OM with highly aromatic and unsaturated structures and low H/C ratios was easily adsorbed by Fe minerals or decomposed by bacteria, whereas Cr/Fe ratios had little effect on the binding of Fe minerals and OM and the variations in OM components. Owing to the inhibition of crystalline Fe minerals and nanopore formation in the presence of Cr, Cr sequestration and C immobilization can be synchronously favored at low Cr/Fe ratios. These findings provide a profound theoretical basis for Cr detoxification and synchronous sequestration of Cr and C in anoxic soils and sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Hu
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Institute of Geography, Key Laboratory of Humid Sub-tropical Eco-geographical Process of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of the Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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4
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Chen Y, Matsui Y, Sato T, Shirasaki N, Matsushita T. Overlooked effect of ordinary inorganic ions on polyaluminum-chloride coagulation treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119909. [PMID: 36996750 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Application of poly-aluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant is a popular mode of water treatment worldwide because of the high capacity of PACl to neutralize charge. The manufacture and use of PACls with various basicities in different regions around the world suggest that the characteristics of the raw water are important determinants of the efficacy of PACl application. However, attention has not been fully paid to the effects of water quality other than the substances to be removed. In this study, two typical PACls with different basicities were used to investigate why the performance of PACls depends on the characteristics of the raw water. We focused on the concentrations of inorganic ions in the raw water. Use of high-basicity PACl (HB-PACl) with a high content of polymeric-colloidal species (Alb+Alc) resulted in very slow floc formation and little turbidity removal in raw water with low concentrations of sulfate ions. The performance of the HB-PACl was inferior to that of normal-basicity PACl (NB-PACl), although the charge-neutralization capacity of the HB-PACl was higher. Rates of floc formation were strongly correlated with the rate of aluminum precipitation by hydrolysis reaction, which was identified as an indicator for evaluating the compatibility of raw water with PACl treatment. Among the common ions in natural water, the sulfate ion had the greatest ability to hydrolyze and precipitate PACl because of its divalency and tetrahedral structure. This conclusion followed from experimental results showing similar effects for selenate and chromate ions as for sulfate ions and somewhat smaller effects for thiosulfate ions. Bicarbonate ions and natural organic matter affected PACl hydrolysis-precipitation, but chloride ions, nitrate ions, and cations had little effect on PACl hydrolysis-precipitation. Interestingly, the abilities of sulfate ions to hydrolyze HB-PACl and NB-PACl were very similar, but bicarbonate ions were less effective in hydrolyzing HB-PACl than NB-PACl, and bicarbonate ions contributed little to the hydrolysis-precipitation of HB-PACl in raw water with normal alkalinity. Therefore, sufficient coagulation with HB-PACl therefore usually requires a certain concentration of sulfate ions in water to be treated. The implication is that which anions are most influential to the hydrolysis-precipitation of PACl, and thus to PACl's coagulation ability depends on the constituents of the PACl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Chen
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
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5
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Liu H, Li Y, Yang H, Siddique MS, Yu W. The characters of dissolved organic matters from litter-mimic with the different humification states and their effects on drinking water treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160470. [PMID: 36435243 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is one kind of the main pollutant in surface water that will cause many problems during drinking water treatment processes. In this study, a simulated humification process of forest litter-mimic was investigated for eight weeks continuously to study the variations in chemical properties such as DOM composition, polysaccharide/protein ratio, average molecular weight, oxidation degree, hydrophilicity, etc., as well as the impact of these variations on the coagulation, ultra-/nanofiltration (UF/NF). Results showed that the removal rate of coagulation (from 67.5 % to 37.0 %) and UF (from 14.4 % to 5.8 %) decreased significantly during the humification process as a function of time, while the removal rate of NF increased from 40.0 % to 72.9 % at first, and then decreased to 47.4 %. This study gave a deep insight into the effect of DOM with different humification ages on the drinking water treatment process with the influence of seasons and vegetation around the water source, which finally aimed to improve drinking water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Liu
- Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Li
- Colleges of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hankun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Monsalves N, Leiva AM, Gómez G, Vidal G. Organic Compounds and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Behavior in Greywater Treated by a Constructed Wetland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2305. [PMID: 36767672 PMCID: PMC9916033 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Laundry greywater is considered as an alternative source of non-potable water, as it is discharged in approximately 70% of homes. Because this water contains compounds such as biodegradable and recalcitrant organic matter, surfactants, and microbiological compounds, it must be treated prior to reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the behavior of organic matter and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater treated by a constructed wetland (CW). The results show that the organic matter removal efficiencies were 67.19%, 50.15%, and 63.57% for biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively; these efficiencies were not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the CW allows the distribution of TOC and ionic compounds in the fractions below 1000 Da to increase by 5.03% and 13.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment of microbiological compounds generated non-significant removals (p > 0.05), along with increases in bacteria resistant to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CTX) of 36.34%, and 40.79%, respectively. In addition, a strong association between ARB to CIP, CTX, cationic and non-ionic surfactants was determined, indicating the role of surfactants in ARB selection. It is suggested that disinfection systems should be employed prior to the reuse of the treated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Monsalves
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Ana María Leiva
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Gloria Gómez
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Gladys Vidal
- Environmental Engineering & Biotechnology Group (GIBA-UDEC), Environmental Science Faculty, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Water Research Center for Agriculture and Mining (CRHIAM), ANID Fondap Center, Victoria 1295, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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7
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Zainudin NF, Sam ST, Wong YS, Ismail H, Walli S, Inoue K, Kawamura G, Tan WK. Degradation of Diazo Congo Red Dye by Using Synthesized Poly-Ferric-Silicate-Sulphate through Co-Polymerization Process. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15010237. [PMID: 36616587 PMCID: PMC9824507 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of poly-ferric-silicate-sulphate (PFSS) synthesized via a co-polymerization process has been applied for the removal of diazo Congo red dye. A novel degradation pathway of diazo Congo red dye by using PFSS is proposed based on LC-MS analysis. Diazo Congo red dye was successfully removed using synthesized PFSS at lower coagulant dosages and a wider pH range, i.e., 9 mg/L from pH 5 to 7, 11 mg/L at pH 9, and 50 mg/L at pH 11. The azo bond cleavage was verified by the UV-Vis spectra of diazo Congo red-loaded PFSS and FTIR spectra which showed disappearance of the peak at 1584 cm-1 for -N=N- stretching vibrations. The synchronized results of UV-Vis spectra, FTIR, and the LC-MS analysis in this study confirmed the significance of the Si and Fe bond in PFSS towards the degradation of diazo Congo red dye. The successfully synthesized PFSS coagulant was characterized by FTIR, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM analysis. From this analysis, it was proven that PFSS is a polycrystalline material which is favorable for the coagulation-flocculation process. Based on all these findings, it was established that synthesized PFSS can be employed as a highly efficient polymeric coagulant for the removal of dye from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fauziah Zainudin
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Sung Ting Sam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, Taman Muhibbah, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (S.T.S.); (W.K.T.)
| | - Yee Shian Wong
- Faculty of Civil Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Hanafi Ismail
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Saparu Walli
- Frutania Industry Sdn. Bhd., Lot 1 & 2, Kawasan Industri MARA Jejawi, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Kazuki Inoue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Go Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Wai Kian Tan
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.T.S.); (W.K.T.)
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8
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Dong ZY, Lin YL, Zhang TY, Hu CY, Pan Y, Pan R, Tang YL, Xu B, Gao NY. Enhanced coagulation and oxidation by the Mn(VII)-Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate process: Performance and mechanisms. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119200. [PMID: 36257154 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To improve the performance of the conventional coagulation process, a permanganate (Mn(VII)) pre-oxidation combined with Fe(III)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) coagulation process (Mn(VII)-Fe(III)/PMS) that can significantly improve the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), turbidity, and micropollutants is proposed in this study. Compared with conventional Fe(III) coagulation, the Mn(VII)-Fe(III)/PMS process can also significantly enhance the removal of iohexol and sulfamethoxazole in raw water. During this process, the primary reduction product, Mn(IV), after Mn(VII) pre-oxidation was adsorbed on the floc surfaces and involved in the Fe(III)/PMS process. The natural organic matter (NOM) in raw water mediated the redox cycle of iron. The synergistic effect of NOM, Fe, and Mn facilitated the redox cycle of Mn(III)/Mn(IV) and Fe(III)/Fe(II) to promote the activation of PMS. The sulfate radical (SO4•-) played an important role in the degradation of micropollutants. The formation potential of the detected volatile disinfection by-product (DBP) during the subsequent chlorination was reduced by 21.9% after the Mn(VII)-Fe(III)/PMS process. This study demonstrated the promising application of the Mn(VII)-Fe(III)/PMS process for coagulation and micropollutant control and illustrated the reaction mechanism. This study provides guidance for improving conventional drinking water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yi-Li Lin
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Renjie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Nai-Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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9
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Li W, Siddique MS, Liu M, Graham N, Yu W. The migration and microbiological degradation of dissolved organic matter in riparian soils. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119080. [PMID: 36113239 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Riparian zones are important natural means of water purification, by decreasing the aqueous concentration of terrestrial organic matter (OM) through adsorption and microbial degradation of the organic matter within the aquatic ecosystem. Limited studies have been reported so far concerning the migration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the horizontal and vertical planes of riparian zones. In this study, the migration of DOM in riparian zones, from forest soil to wetland soil, and with soil depth, were explored, based on a case study reservoir. Results showed that riparian wetlands can absorb the OM from the forest soils and adjacent reservoir, and act as a major OM sink through microbial action. Methylomirabilota and GAL15 bacteria increased with soil depth for the two soil systems, and the wetland soil system also contained microbial sulfates, nitrates and carbonates. These microorganisms successfully utilize the Fe3+, SO4-, and CO3- as electron acceptors in the wetland system, resulting in enhanced OM removal. Although the variation of soil DOM in the vertical direction was the same for both forest and wetland soils, the Chemical structure of the DOM was found to be significantly different. Furthermore, the soil was found to be the main source of DOM in the forest ecosystem, with lignin as the main ingredient. The lignin structure was gradually oxidized and decomposed, with an increase in carboxyl groups, as the lignin diffused down into the soil and the adjacent reservoir. PLS-PM analysis showed that the soil physicochemical properties were the main factors affecting DOM transformation. However, microbial metabolism was still the goes deeper affecting factor. This study will contribute to the analysis that migration and transform of soil organic matter in riparian zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
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10
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Song Q, Graham N, Tang Y, Siddique MS, Kimura K, Yu W. The role of medium molecular weight organics on reducing disinfection by-products and fouling prevention in nanofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 215:118263. [PMID: 35290872 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) is utilized in water treatment for controlling disinfection by-products formation potential (DBPFP) and disinfection by-products (DBPs). Attention regarding NF-based technology has been paid on membrane fouling of NF and the rejection efficiency of contaminants by NF membranes. Natural organic matter (NOM) presenting in surface waters is one main removal target in drinking water treatment by NF-based technology, and is thereby a contributor to the membrane fouling of NF. In application, pretreatments of other membrane filtration (e.g., microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF)) has been taken prior to NF, resulting in the separation of NOM of specific molecular weight. Meanwhile, it is well known that NOM is composed of organic compounds of different molecular weights. However, the effect of NOM of specific molecular weight has been seldom investigated from the aspects of membrane fouling and the resulting DBPFP after membrane filtration. By using combinations of MF and UF (molecular weight cut-off of 100K or 20K) as pretreatment prior to NF, the NOM of various molecular weight on DBPFP and DBPs in the NF-treated water were investigated. The experiments were conducted with two real-world surface water samples and one tap water sample. It was found that medium molecular weight NOM, defined as NOM that passed UF100K but did not pass UF20K in this study, reduced fouling of the NF membrane. This is supported by the excitation and emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and flux analysis. In addition, the medium molecular weight NOM also reduced the DBPFP in the NF treated water and eventually the DBPs by participating in forming a protective layer on the NF surface, blocking the transfer of small molecular weight NOM into the NF filtrate, thereby reducing the DBPFP of the NF filtrate since small molecular weight NOM was the major contributor to DBPFP in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, United States
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Katsuki Kimura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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11
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Su Z, Liu T, Seviour T, Li S, Tian L, Zhang G, Yu W. Identifying active concentrations of biopolymers for enhancing membrane nanofiltration performance: From bench-scale tests to real production considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151808. [PMID: 34808182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, membrane-based nanofiltration (NF) technique has been widely applied for safe and high-quality drinking water production worldwide. NF membrane fouling has become one of the main obstacles in its application due to high operation cost, and thus numerous efforts have been made. However, there is still a large disconnect between academic findings and their applications. Hence, novel approaches for further exploitation and application are required based on feasibility of implementation. In this work, an optimized design of membrane-based NF plants was proposed, inspired by natural biopolymers present in feed water of NF unit. Specifically, we found beneficial functions of biopolymers, including NF membrane fouling alleviation and effluent quality improvement; these advantages could only be "activated" under a certain concentration range of biopolymers (0-1 mg C/L here), and less or more is not acceptable. This indicated that a NF unit is better to follow a microfiltration (MF) (instead of ultrafiltration (UF) which removes biopolymers) process during which natural biopolymers could be remained; also, this approach is suggested to be valid across different seasons when biopolymers' concentrations could be controlled within an "activated" range by mixing MF and UF permeates. Furthermore, three representative reference biopolymers with different, confirmed spatial structures and molecular weight (MW) were used to elucidate the micro-level functions of natural biopolymers on NF membranes, suggesting that cake layer structures shaped by various biopolymers determine the resulting NF performance. Overall, this innovative proposal is expected to be considered and adopted towards more energy-efficient NF technology for drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Thomas Seviour
- Aarhus University Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Long Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guotao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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12
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Wang Z, Li Y, Hu M, Lei T, Tian Z, Yang W, Yang Z, Graham NJD. Influence of DOM characteristics on the flocculation removal of trace pharmaceuticals in surface water by the successive dosing of alum and moderately hydrophobic chitosan. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 213:118163. [PMID: 35151090 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobically-modified chitosan (HC) has emerged as a promising flocculant for trace pharmaceutical removal from surface water. However, the variation in the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in different water sources influences the efficacy of HC in removing pharmaceutical compounds. In this work, the flocculation performance of sequentially dosing alum and HC (alum+HC) for the treatment of five water types (three synthetic waters, and samples of two real waters collected from the Yangtze River and the Thames River), having different DOM and five representative pharmaceuticals (initial concentration: 100 ng/L), was assessed by bench-scale jar tests. The DOM characteristics were correlated quantitatively with the removal efficiencies (REs) of the pharmaceuticals. Density functional theory computations were performed to illuminate the interfacial interactions in the flocculation. Alum+HC exhibited a remarkably higher RE of all five pharmaceuticals (maximum RE: 73%-95%) from all waters compared to a conventional coagulant or flocculant (alum or polyacrylamide, respectively). In contrast to using HC alone, alum+HC also achieved a higher RE of pharmaceuticals with nearly half the HC dosage, thereby enhancing the cost-effectiveness of the alum+HC dosing system. Among the different key DOM characteristics, the surface charge and molecular weight of DOM had no evident correlation with RE(pharmaceutical), but the hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature and functional group composition of organic carbon of DOM were strongly correlated: Strongly hydrophobic fractions, with C-C & C=C functional groups (binding pharmaceuticals via hydrophobic association), were beneficial, while hydrophilic fractions with C-OH groups were less effective, for pharmaceutical removal. This work showed the enhanced performance of the alum+HC dosing combination in the removal of different pharmaceutical compounds from different waters, and filled the knowledge gap regarding the performance of hydrophobically-modified flocculants in the treatment of different surface water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangzheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunyun Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Min Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Tao Lei
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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13
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Li X, Graham NJD, Deng W, Liu M, Liu T, Yu W. Structural Variation of Precipitates Formed by Fe(II) Oxidation and Impact on the Retention of Phosphate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4345-4355. [PMID: 35319869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation-precipitation process of Fe(II) is ubiquitous in the environment and critically affects the fate of contaminants and nutrients in natural systems where Fe(II) is present. Here, we explored the effect of H2O2 concentration on the structure of precipitates formed by Fe(II) oxidation and compared the precipitates to those formed by Fe(III) hydrolysis. Additionally, the phosphate retention under different H2O2 concentrations was evaluated. XRD, TEM, PDA, XPS, and UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the formed precipitates; UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy was also used to determine the residual phosphate and Fe(II) in solution. It was found that the predominant precipitates in Fe(II) solution changed from planar-shaped crystalline lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) to poor short-range order (poorly crystalline) spherical-shaped hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) with increasing H2O2 concentrations. Although the HFO precipitates formed from Fe(II) resembled those formed from Fe(III) hydrolysis, the former was larger and had clearer lattice fringes. During the formation of γ-FeOOH, both Fe(II)-Fe(III) complexes and ligand-to-metal charge transfer processes were observed, and it was found that Fe(II) was present in the planar-shaped precipitates. Fe(II) might be present in the interior of precipitates as Fe(OH)2, which could serve as a nucleus for the epitaxial growth of γ-FeOOH. In addition, the extent of phosphate retention increased with the H2O2 concentration, indicating the increased reactivity of formed precipitates with H2O2 concentration. More phosphate was retained via coprecipitation with Fe than adsorption on the preformed Fe precipitates due to the incorporation of phosphate within the structure of the formed Fe hydroxyphosphate via coprecipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Wensheng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
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14
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Tian L, Graham N, Liu T, Sun K, Yu W. Dual-site supported graphene oxide membrane with enhanced permeability and selectivity. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Zhang L, Graham N, Derlon N, Tang Y, Siddique MS, Xu L, Yu W. Biofouling by ultra-low pressure filtration of surface water: The paramount role of initial available biopolymers. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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The stimulation of microbial activity by microplastic contributes to membrane fouling in ultrafiltration. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Korotta-Gamage SM, Sathasivan A, Bal Krishna KC. Effect of backwashing biologically activated carbon on coagulability of organics in surface water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147165. [PMID: 33932678 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study shows if biologically activated carbon (BAC) is backwashed at the correct frequency, a number of benefits can be derived in addition to aiding the subsequent coagulation process. Previous studies have shown that the BAC improves the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by subsequent coagulation by decreasing non-coagulable dissolved organic carbon (NC-DOC). However, the actual mechanism of such observation or optimising strategies of NC-DOC removal is unknown. The impact of backwashing on BAC reactor performance in terms of NC-DOC removal and microbial community structure was investigated. A laboratory scale BAC column was operated for more than five months with backwashing at once every five days, but in one cycle it was operated without backwashing for 14 days and the effluent collected at different times from the last backwash was subjected to enhanced coagulation (EC). All the effluent of BAC collected at different days depicted better floc forming characteristics than the feed water which is raw surface water. The effluent collected on day three from the last backwash (BAC-3d) contained the least amount (1.64 mg/L) of NC-DOC despite the highest DOC (3.89 mg/L) of all effluents. The coagulant requirement (5 mg-Fe3+/mg-DOC) was minimal for BAC-3d effluent among raw water and all other BAC effluent water samples. This is remarkable given the raw water contained 2.76 mg/L of NC-DOC. The microbial community on BAC granules on day three contained a higher abundance of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) removing microorganisms and low abundance of opportunistic pathogens. Similar performance in terms of DOC removal with the backwash was also observed in the continuous operation of other BAC columns. Possible backwash frequency that optimises the BAC/EC and derives many other benefits is proposed. The BAC/EC combination could help solve many emerging issues cost-effectively hence, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Sathasivan
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - K C Bal Krishna
- School of Engineering, Design and Built Environment, Western Sydney University, NSW 2751, Australia
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18
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Su Z, Liu T, Li X, Graham N, Yu W. Beneficial impacts of natural biopolymers during surface water purification by membrane nanofiltration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117330. [PMID: 34134038 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration in various forms has become an increasingly used treatment method worldwide for the supply of safe drinking water. The fouling of membranes is commonly considered to be the major operational limitation to its wider application since it leads to frequent backwashing and a shortening of membrane life, and increased production costs. The components of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface waters have been reported previously to be important foulants of nanofiltration (NF) membranes, however, the potential beneficial effect of particular components of these 'foulants' has not been investigated or demonstrated to date. In this study, we have considered the roles of different organic materials including autochthonous NOM (e.g., biopolymers) and allochthonous NOM (e.g., humic substances) on the fouling of NF membranes by bench-scale tests with samples of two representative source waters (UK) taken in two different seasons (autumn and winter). Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) were employed to generate two permeates, between which the presence of biopolymers (30 kDa - 90 kDa) is the major difference. We developed sequential filtration (MF/UF-NF) to investigate biopolymers' behaviours in NF process. The results showed that the accumulation of biopolymers on NF membranes can mitigate fouling by providing a protective layer in which medium-low molecular weight (MW) materials (e.g. humic substances) are separated by adsorption and/or size exclusion. The protective layers assisted by biopolymers were seen to be thicker under scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation and characterized by higher roughness (i.e. three-dimensional, spacial structure) and greater adsorptive capacity. Moreover, improvement on NF membrane fouling mitigation could be more significant in autumn, comparing to that in winter. The findings in this study were found to be repeatable in similar tests with samples of comparable raw waters in China, and will be important to the practical application of NF membrane systems in terms of a new approach to combating fouling in long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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19
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Diversity of Synthetic Dyes from Textile Industries, Discharge Impacts and Treatment Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural dyes have been used from ancient times for multiple purposes, most importantly in the field of textile dying. The increasing demand and excessive costs of natural dye extraction engendered the discovery of synthetic dyes from petrochemical compounds. Nowadays, they are dominating the textile market, with nearly 8 × 105 tons produced per year due to their wide range of color pigments and consistent coloration. Textile industries consume huge amounts of water in the dyeing processes, making it hard to treat the enormous quantities of this hazardous wastewater. Thus, they have harmful impacts when discharged in non-treated or partially treated forms in the environment (air, soil, plants and water), causing several human diseases. In the present work we focused on synthetic dyes. We started by studying their classification which depended on the nature of the manufactured fiber (cellulose, protein and synthetic fiber dyes). Then, we mentioned the characteristics of synthetic dyes, however, we focused more on their negative impacts on the ecosystem (soil, plants, water and air) and on humans. Lastly, we discussed the applied physical, chemical and biological strategies solely or in combination for textile dye wastewater treatments. Additionally, we described the newly established nanotechnology which achieves complete discharge decontamination.
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20
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Li W, Liu M, Siddique MS, Graham N, Yu W. Contribution of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in surface water purification. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116998. [PMID: 33780840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Naturally present aquatic microorganisms play an important role in water purification systems, such as the self-purification of surface waters. In this study, two water sources representing polluted surface water (Olympic Green; OG) and unpolluted surface water (Jingmi river; JM), were used to explore the self-purification of surface water by bacteria under different environmental conditions. The dominant bacterial community of OG and JM waters (both are Firmicutes and Proteobacteria) were isolated, cultured, and then used to carry out flocculation tests. Results showed that the flocculation ability of the dominant bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) obtained from OG isolation was significantly greater than that from JM. Further examination illustrated that the main components of EPS were polysaccharides, which played an important role in improving the flocculation ability of bacteria. EPS from dominant cultural bacteria strains (OG1 and JM3) isolated from the two different sources lacked hydrophilic groups (e.g. COOH) and had a networked structure which are the main reasons to enhance the flocculation ability. The bacterial diversity and redundancy analysis (RDA) results also showed that microbial community composition is determined by water quality (SS, TOC, and NH4+), and different Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria community structures can improve the water body's ability to remove environmental pollutants (such as SS, humic acid and fulvic acid). These findings provide new information showing how bacterial communities change with environmental factors while maintaining the purity of surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Saboor Siddique
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Lv M, Li D, Zhang Z, Logan BE, Peter van der Hoek J, Sun M, Chen F, Feng Y. Magnetic seeding coagulation: Effect of Al species and magnetic particles on coagulation efficiency, residual Al, and floc properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129363. [PMID: 33360935 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic seeding coagulation (MSC) process has been used to accelerate flocs sedimentation with an applied magnetic field, offering large handling capacity and low energy consumption. The interactions of three typical Al species, aluminum chloride (AlCl3), Al13O4(OH)247+ polymer (Al13), and (AlO4)2Al28(OH)5618+ polymer (Al30), with magnetic particles (MPs) were examined to clarify the MSC process. In traditional coagulation (TC) process, the aggregation of primary Ala-dissolved organic matter (DOM) complexes with in-situ-formed polynuclear species generated a large average floc size (226 μm), which was proved to be efficient for DOC removal (52.6%). The weak connections between dissolved Ala-DOM complexes and MPs led to the negligible changes of dissolved Al after seeding with MPs in AlCl3. A significant interaction between MPs and Al13 was observed, in which the MPs-Al13-DOM complexes were proposed to be responsible for the significant improvement of DOC removal (from 47% to 52%) and residual total Al reduction (from 1.05 to 0.27 mg Al L-1) with MPs addition. Al30 produced a lower floc fractal dimension (Df = 1.88) than AlCl3 (2.08) and Al13 (1.99) in the TC process, whereas its floc strength (70.9%) and floc recovery (38.5%) were higher than the others. Although more detached fragments were produced with MPs addition, the effective sedimentation of these fragments with the applied magnetic field led to the decrease of residual turbidity and colloidal Al in Al30. The dependence of coagulation behavior to MPs and different Al species can be applied to guide the application of an effective MSC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Dongyi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Bruce E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Penn State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA, 16802, United States
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600, GA, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Muchen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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22
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Chaukura N, Moyo W, Ingwani T, Ndiweni SN, Gwenzi W, Nkambule TI. Comparative removal efficiencies of natural organic matter by conventional drinking water treatment plants in Zimbabwe and South Africa. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:570-581. [PMID: 32954576 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) influences the quality and treatability of drinking water; therefore, its removal is paramount. A few studies exist on NOM removal in developing countries, and comparative studies are even fewer globally. This study compared the removal efficiencies for bulk NOM and biodegradable organic carbon (BDOC) fractions of drinking water treatment plants in Zimbabwe (Z) and South Africa (S). NOM removal efficiency at the coagulation stage of plant Z and plant S was 11% and 13%, respectively. The fluorescence index (FI) for the raw water feeding plant Z (1.66) indicated a mixture of both microbial and terrestrially derived NOM, whereas for plant S the FI (4.08) showed terrestrially derived NOM. Based on the log-transformed absorbance at the disinfection stage, plant S had a 58% greater opportunity to produce disinfection by-products than plant Z. The BDOC results for plant Z showed humic fractions were the major substrates for bacterial assimilation, whereas the heterotrophic bacteria in plant S were not particularly selective toward DOC fractions. Overall, the plants had comparable NOM removal performances. PRACTITIONER POINTS: NOM removal efficiency at the coagulation stage of plant Z and plant S was 11% and 13%, respectively. Plant Z had a mixture of both microbial and terrestrially derived NOM, whereas plant S had terrestrially derived NOM. Plant S had a 58% greater opportunity to produce disinfection by-products than plant Z. Humic fractions were the major substrates for bacterial assimilation for plant Z, whereas the heterotrophic bacteria in plant S were not selective towards DOC fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhamo Chaukura
- Department of Physical and Earth Sciences, Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Welldone Moyo
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ingwani
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sikelelwa N Ndiweni
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Willis Gwenzi
- Biosystems and Environmental Engineering Research Group, Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Thabo I Nkambule
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Engineering, Science and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
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23
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Liu X, Graham N, Liu T, Cheng S, Yu W. A comparison of the coagulation performance of PAFC and FeSO4 for the treatment of leach liquor from Stevia processing. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Cheng H, Yang T, Ma J, Jiang J, Wang P. The aggregation kinetics of manganese oxides nanoparticles in Al(III) electrolyte solutions: Roles of distinct Al(III) species and natural organic matters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140814. [PMID: 32755774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the aggregation kinetics of manganese oxides (MnOx) nanoparticles in Al(III) electrolyte solutions. This is a common process in both water treatments and the natural environment. The results show that aggregation kinetics are Al(III) species-dependent. Without natural organic matters (NOM), ferron Ala (monomeric Al(III)) and ferron Alb (polymeric Al(III)) are the main species controlling the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) type aggregation behavior of MnOx at pH 5.0 and 7.2, respectively. Ala and Alb can neutralize and reverse the negative charge of MnOx. Correspondingly, the attachment efficiency as a function of Al(III) concentrations contains three stages: destabilization, diffusion-limited, and re-stabilization stage. Interestingly, due to the tiny size of Alb nanoclusters, they behave similar to free ions and do not induce heteroaggregation at pH 7.2. The influence of some model NOM (i.e., bovine serum albumin (BSA), Sigma humic acid (HA), and alginate) was also studied. At pH 5.0, alginate polymers, while Sigma HA and BSA cannot be, are linked by Al(III) to form alginate gel clusters which bridge MnOx nanoparticles, and thus induce bridging flocculation. At pH 7.2, NOM induce the aggregation of Alb nanoclusters to form NOM-Al(III) aggregates through charge neutralization effects. Consequently, highly enhanced aggregation rate, due to the heteroaggregation between these aggregates and MnOx, was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Science, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jin Jiang
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Panxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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25
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Li X, Graham NJD, Deng W, Liu M, Liu T, Yu W. The formation of planar crystalline flocs of γ-FeOOH in Fe(II) coagulation and the influence of humic acid. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116250. [PMID: 32763528 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although Fe(II) salts have been widely used as coagulants in water treatment for many years, the underlying mechanisms of their performance remain unclear. Here, we present a detailed study of the coagulation behavior of Fe(II) salts and crystallization of flocs, and investigate the effect of humic acid (HA) under different DO concentrations and pH conditions. The behavior of Fe(II) and Fe(III) coagulants was found to be markedly different with the flocs from Fe(II) consisting of planar-like crystalline γ-FeOOH in contrast to the small amorphous spherical-like flocs from Fe(III) dosing. The effect of HA on Fe(II) coagulation was different under different DO concentrations and pH, where by the growth of γ-FeOOH was inhibited by the presence of HA, but independent of DO concentration and pH. It was found that Fe(II) was present within the internal structure of γ-FeOOH, and a plausible formation mechanism is proposed. Firstly, planar nanoparticles of Fe(OH)2 were formed via Fe(II) ion hydrolysis which then servedas the nucleus for subsequent crystal growth. With oxidation, Fe(II) on the surface of nanoparticles transformed to Fe(III). Finally, the formation of γ-FeOOH in Fe(II) coagulation was accompanied by a change in solution colour to yellow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wensheng Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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26
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Zhao Y, Kitajima R, Shirasaki N, Matsui Y, Matsushita T. Precoating membranes with submicron super-fine powdered activated carbon after coagulation prevents transmembrane pressure rise: Straining and high adsorption capacity effects. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115757. [PMID: 32278989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC) with a median diameter of 12-42 μm was ground into 1 μm sized superfine PAC (SPAC) and 200 nm sized submicron SPAC (SSPAC) and investigated as a pretreatment material for the prevention of hydraulically irreversible membrane fouling during a submerged microfiltration (MF) process. Compared with PAC and SPAC, SSPAC has a high capacity for selective biopolymer adsorption, which is a characteristic found in natural organic matter and is commonly considered to be a major contributor to membrane fouling. Precoating the membrane surface with SSPAC during batch filtration further removes the biopolymers by straining them out. In lab-scale membrane filtration experiments, an increase in the transmembrane pressure (TMP) was almost completely prevented through a precoating with SSPAC based on its pulse dose after coagulation pretreatment. The precoated SSPAC formed a dense layer on the membrane preventing biopolymers from attaching to the membrane. Coagulation pretreatment enabled the precoated activated carbon to be rinsed off during hydraulic backwashing. The functionality of the membrane was thereby retained for a long-term operation. Precoating the membranes with SSPAC after coagulation is a promising way to control membrane fouling, and efficiently prevents an increase in the TMP because of the straining effect of the SSPAC and the high capacity of the SSPAC to adsorb any existing biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Zhao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kitajima
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
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27
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Yang Z, Hou T, Ma J, Yuan B, Tian Z, Yang W, Graham NJD. Role of moderately hydrophobic chitosan flocculants in the removal of trace antibiotics from water and membrane fouling control. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 177:115775. [PMID: 32278991 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we describe the preparation and testing of a new class of chitosan-based flocculants for the treatment of surface waters containing antibiotic compounds. Three forms of moderately hydrophobic chitosan flocculants (MHCs) were prepared by chemically grafting hydrophobic branches with different lengths onto hydrophilic chitosan and these were evaluated by jar tests and a bench-scale continuous flow ultrafiltration (UF) membrane process with coagulation/sedimentation pre-treatment. Tests were conducted using both synthetic and real surface water in which norfloxacin and tylosin were added as representative antibiotics at an initial concentration of 0.1 μg/L. In jar tests, the MHCs achieved similar high removal efficiencies (REs) of turbidity and UV254 absorbance, but much higher REs of the two antibiotics (71.7-84.7% and 68.7-76.6% for synthetic and river waters, respectively), compared to several commercial flocculants; the superior performance was attributed to an enhanced hydrophobic interaction and H-bonding between the flocculants and antibiotics. The presence of suspended kaolin particles and humic acid enhanced the antibiotic removal, speculated to be through MHC bridging of the kaolin/humic acid and antibiotic molecules. In the continuous flow tests involving flocculation/sedimentation-UF for 40 days, an optimal MHC achieved a much greater performance than polyaluminium chloride in terms of the overall removal of antibiotics (RE (norfloxacin) of ∼90% and RE (tylosin) of ∼80%) and a greatly reduced rate of membrane fouling; the latter resulting from a more porous and looser structure of cake layer, caused by a surface-modification-like effect of residual MHC on the hydrophobic PVDF membrane. The results of this study have shown that MHCs offer a significant advance over the use of existing flocculants for the treatment of surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Tianyang Hou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China.
| | - Bo Yuan
- Jiangsu Sinography Testing Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210061, PR China.
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, PR China.
| | - Weiben Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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28
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Kulishenko AE, Klimenko NA, Grechanik SV, Kostyuk VA, Avramenko LP. Features of Application of Aluminum–Iron Composite Coagulants in Purification of Water with High Content of Natural Organic Substances. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x20010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Nyamutswa LT, Zhu B, Collins SF, Navaratna D, Duke MC. Light conducting photocatalytic membrane for chemical-free fouling control in water treatment. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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30
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Wang P, Wang F, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Xiong R, Ma J. Strong improvement of nanofiltration performance on micropollutant removal and reduction of membrane fouling by hydrolyzed-aluminum nanoparticles. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115649. [PMID: 32200335 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention has been focused on the removal of micropollutants from contaminated drinking source water. However, low rejection efficiency and membrane fouling still inhibit further application of nanofiltration membrane in this field. Interesting results were found that the residual hydrolyzed-aluminum nanoparticles from supernatant after coagulation and sedimentation strongly improved the nanofiltration performance for micropollutant removal. A simulated raw water containing humic acids, micropollutants and kaolinite clay was employed to investigate the factors of water matrix affecting the nanoparticle-enhanced nanofiltration for micropollutant removal. Results of experiments showed that these hydrolyzed-aluminum nanoparticles easily induced the aggregation of bisphenol-A (BPA) and humic acids in the supernatant. The enhancement of BPA removal was mainly attributed to the repelling interaction between the Al-BPA-DOC complexity and in situ-modified membrane surface during nanofiltration. 'This in situ surface modification by the hydrolyzed-aluminum nanoparticles improved membrane hydrophilicity, roughness and positively-charging capacity. For the treatment of River Songhua water spiked with micropollutant, the percentage removal of BPA was improved to be 88.5%, much more than the case of single nanofiltration without coagulation (60.7%). Meanwhile, the membrane fouling was reduced by 2.13 times than the case of single nanofiltration without the dynamically deposited-layer of nanoparticles. This in situ modification of nanofiltration membrane by hydrolyzed-aluminum nanoparticles achieved excellent removal efficiency for micropollutants from River Songhua water background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Feihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Haicheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ruohan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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31
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Zhao Z, Sun W, Ray AK, Mao T, Ray MB. Coagulation and disinfection by-products formation potential of extracellular and intracellular matter of algae and cyanobacteria. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 245:125669. [PMID: 31881385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation and flocculation can remove particulate algal cells effectively; however, they are not very effective for removing dissolved algal organic matter (AOM) in drinking water plants. In this work, optimum coagulation conditions using alum for both extracellular and intracellular organic matter of six different algal and cyanobacterial species were determined. Different coagulation conditions such as alum dosage, pH, and initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were tested. Hydrophobicity, hydrophilicty, and transphilicity of the cellular materials were determined using resin fractionation method. The removal of DOC by coagulation correlated well with the hydrophobicity of the AOM. The disinfection by-product formation potential (DBPFP) of various fractions of AOM was determined after coagulation. Although, higher removal occurred for hydrophobic AOM during coagulation, specific DBPFP, which varied from 10 to 147 μg/mg-C was higher for hydrophobic AOM. Of all the six species, highest DBPFP occurred for Phaeodactylum tricornutum, an abundant marine diatom species, but is increasingly found in surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua University, Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Ajay K Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Ted Mao
- Trojan Technologies, London, Ontario, N5V 4T7, Canada
| | - Madhumita B Ray
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada.
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32
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Yang H, Wu X, Su L, Ma Y, Graham NJD, Yu W. The Fe-N-C oxidase-like nanozyme used for catalytic oxidation of NOM in surface water. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 171:115491. [PMID: 31940511 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of natural organic matter (NOM), particularly humic substances (HS) from surface waters during drinking water treatment is necessary to avoid various water quality problems in supply, such as the formation of disinfection by-products. As an alternative to conventional processes (e.g. coagulation), and in the light of the rapidly increasing applications of nanozyme in bio-catalysis, a novel Fe-N-C oxidase-like nanozyme (FeNZ) has been prepared and used to catalyze the oxidative degradation of NOM during simple aeration. Using humic acid (HA) as a model NOM it was found that the HA removal (as TOC) was increased by a factor of 6 with a low dose (10 mg/L) of FeNZ compared to an aerated solution without FeNZ. A variety of analytical methods was used to investigate the oxygen reduction reaction, including cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance, and density functional theory (DFT) simulation. Based on these studies, a catalytic oxidation mechanism described as "adsorption-activation-oxidation" was proposed. The enhanced NOM removal performance of FeNZ catalytic oxidation was confirmed with samples of natural surface water in terms of organic mineralization and conversion of hydrophobic to hydrophilic components. The results show great potential for the use of oxidase-like nano catalytic materials in the field of water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Lei Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center of Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiming Ma
- Faculty of Information and Mathematical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel J D Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Wenzheng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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33
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Wang T, Tang X, Zhang S, Zheng J, Zheng H, Fang L. Roles of functional microbial flocculant in dyeing wastewater treatment: Bridging and adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121506. [PMID: 31699487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Congo red (CR) is a typical and widely used azo dye in industries. It possesses the serious threat to ecosystem and public for its indiscriminate discharge. Microbial flocculant (MBF) with various functional groups is a potential flocculant applied in dyeing wastewater treatment, and it has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, biodegradability and non-toxicity. In this study, the functional groups, amino group, ammonium group and acyloxy group, were grafted onto MBF to further improve its thermal stability, solubility and performance. Grafting copolymerization occurred at the amino group of MBF was confirmed by XPS. Polyaluminum silicate (PSA) and self-prepared functional microbial flocculant, MBF-g-P(AM-DAC), played different roles in CR wastewater treatment. PSA contributed to charge neutralization, but its yielded flocs were small. On the contrary, MBF-g-P(AM-DAC) possessed weak charge neutralization but big flocs. Its settlement efficiency has significantly improved. The unsaturated active sites on MBF-g-P(AM-DAC) and its flocs contributed to the adsorption of CR in terms of high surface area and adsorption capacity of the flocs. Physical adsorption and chemical adsorption were both discovered in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Shixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Ling Fang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis & Functional Organic Molecules, College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, PR China
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34
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Lin JL, Ika AR. Minimization of halogenated DBP precursors by enhanced PACl coagulation: The impact of organic molecule fraction changes on DBP precursors destabilization with Al hydrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134936. [PMID: 31733494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The destabilization of halogenated disinfection-by-product (DBP) precursors by coagulation are mostly subjected to Al speciation of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and the fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM), which significantly affect the minimization of halogenated DBP precursors, such as trihalomethane (THM) and haloacetic acids (HAA), in post-chlorination. In this study, the destabilization of DOM in the solution of humic acid (HA) with and without algogenic organic matter (AOM) using two PACl coagulants with different Al speciation was investigated, along with the identification of optical properties for DOM fractions. Additionally, total THM and HAA formation potential of the supernatant before and after coagulation-sedimentation were determined. The results showed that high polymeric Al-containing PACl (PACl-H, 66% Al13) outcompetes in destabilizing HA than commercial PACl (PACl-C, 29% Al13, 32% Al(OH)3). However, the removal of DOM in HA/AOM mixture by both PACl coagulants are significantly suppressed with greater removal of humic-like and fulvic-like substances than aromatic protein-like substances after coagulation-sedimentation, where PACl-C shows superiority in the removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances with MW around 1 kDa than PACl-H. In the absence of AOM, total THM and HAA formation potential were effectively reduced for HA coagulation by both PACl, but vice versa with the presence of AOM, especially for cellular organic matter (COM). Minimization of halogenated DPB precursors by coagulation are predominated by destabilized hydrophilic molecule fractions with Al hydrates. It is concluded that PACl-H favors charge neutralization to destabilize total carbonaceous DBP (C-DBP) precursors in HA or HA/AOM mixture and the corresponding C-DBP formation potential is lower compared to PACl-C that predominates adsorption and co-precipitation in destabilizing C-DBP precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jr-Lin Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Aldeno Rachmad Ika
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC
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35
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Ferasat Z, Panahi R, Mokhtarani B. Natural polymer matrix as safe flocculant to remove turbidity from kaolin suspension: Performance and governing mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109939. [PMID: 31790872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conventional flocculants bear environmental and health concerns which could be avoided by applying natural materials, particularly polysaccharide and glycoprotein-containing ones. In the present study, yeast cell wall (YCW), a natural polymer matrix, was used as natural flocculant. To prepare YCW, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultivated in bench scale fermenter. After characterization, YCW was employed as anionic flocculant in jar tests to remove turbidity from kaolin suspensions at different conditions where either alum or poly aluminum chloride (PAC) was coagulant. Generally, the lower coagulant consumption, higher turbidity removal or faster sedimentation was observed by using YCW as flocculant. The developed flocculant was more effective in the presence of PAC compared to alum. At best, by applying 300 mg/L YCW, the highest turbidity removals of 98 and 97% were achieved using 10 ppm PAC at pH 6.5 and 50 ppm alum at pH 7.5, respectively. The presence of the flocculant in the structure of the flocs was proved by FTIR analysis. The final pH of the treated suspensions was suitable for discharge purpose without the need for neutralization. The excess positive charge neutralization and bridging were the governing mechanism in coagulation-flocculation process. YCW with proper performance, GRAS designation and readily availability can be considered as natural alternative to chemical anionic flocculants where the process needs safe compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ferasat
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Panahi
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Mokhtarani
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), 14968-13151, Tehran, Iran
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36
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Nayl AA, Abd-Elhamid AI, Abu-Saied MA, El-Shanshory AA, Soliman HMA, Akl MA, Aly HF. A novel method for highly effective removal and determination of binary cationic dyes in aqueous media using a cotton–graphene oxide composite. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7791-7802. [PMID: 35693449 PMCID: PMC9122574 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of dyes in industrial wastewater is a serious problem that hazards the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Nayl
- Chemistry Department
- College of Science
- Jouf University
- Sakakah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - A. I. Abd-Elhamid
- Nanotechnology and Composite Materials Research Department
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI)
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)
- New Borg Al-Arab 21934
- Egypt
| | - M. A. Abu-Saied
- Polymeric Materials Research Department
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI)
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)
- New Borg Al-Arab 21934
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Shanshory
- Nanotechnology and Composite Materials Research Department
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI)
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)
- New Borg Al-Arab 21934
- Egypt
| | - Hesham M. A. Soliman
- Nanotechnology and Composite Materials Research Department
- Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI)
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City)
- New Borg Al-Arab 21934
- Egypt
| | - Magda A. Akl
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Mansoura University
- Mansoura
- Egypt
| | - H. F. Aly
- Hot Laboratories Center
- Atomic Energy Authority
- Nasr 13759
- Egypt
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37
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Yu C, Gao B, Wang W, Xu X, Yue Q. Alleviating membrane fouling of modified polysulfone membrane via coagulation pretreatment/ultrafiltration hybrid process. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:58-69. [PMID: 31255766 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrafiltration membrane fouling was alleviated by hydrophilic modification and coagulation pretreatment. A polydopamine (PDA) layer was used as a bridge to introduce the nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) onto the polysulfone (PSf) membranes, forming a hydrophilic modified layer. A relationship model was established between the coagulation efficiencies and floc properties and membrane fouling of the modified PSf membranes during the coagulation/ultrafiltration (C-UF) process. The combination styles of flocculants, poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used in C-UF hybrid process. The characterization results indicated that the hydrophilicity was significantly enhanced in the modified PSf membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests proved that the PDA layer could be tightly bound to TiO2 by coordination bond onto PSf membrane surface. In the acidic conditions, more TiO2 nano-particles were adhered on the PDA particles surface as the pH of (NH4)2TiF6 solution was increased, which resulted in higher hydrophilicity of membranes. In addition, the C-UF tests exhibited that the coagulation efficiency was greatly improved in the PAC/PDMDAAC system, and the PSf membrane modified by PDA/TiO2 in UF tests significantly reduced the membrane fouling, this was partially due to the formation of TiO2 modified coating with higher hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qinyan Yue
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, PR China
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38
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Application of peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation process as a novel pretreatment for nanofiltration: Comparison with conventional coagulation. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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39
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Sun H, Jiao R, Xu H, An G, Wang D. The influence of particle size and concentration combined with pH on coagulation mechanisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:39-46. [PMID: 31133268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the influence of particle size and particle concentration on the coagulation process, two kinds of particle suspensions, nanoparticles and microparticles, were employed to investigate the effect of particle size on coagulation mechanisms with varying coagulation parameters. Results showed that it is easier for nanoparticles to cause self-aggregation because of Brownian motion, while interception and sedimentation are the mainly physical processes affecting particle transport for microparticles, so they are more stable and disperse more easily. The particle size distribution and particle concentration had distinct influence on the coagulation mechanisms. Under neutral conditions, as the amount of coagulant increased, the coagulation mechanism for nanoparticles changed from charge neutralization to sweep flocculation and the nanoparticles became destabilized, re-stabilized and again destabilized. For microparticles, although the coagulation mechanism was the same as that of nanoparticles, the increased rate of aluminum hydroxide precipitation exceeded the adsorption of incipiently formed soluble alum species, resulting in the disappearance of the re-stabilization zone. Under acidic conditions, Brownian motion dominates for nanoparticles at low particle concentrations, while sweep flocculation is predominant at high particle concentrations. As for microparticles, charge neutralization and sweep flocculation are the mechanisms for low and high particle concentrations respectively. Under alkaline condition, although the mechanisms for both nano- and microparticles are the same, the morphology of flocs and the kinetics of floc formation are different. At low particle concentrations, nanoparticles have larger growth rate and final size of flocs, while at high particle concentrations, nanoparticles have higher fractal dimension and recovery factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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40
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Liu H, Fu C, Ding G, Fang Y, Yun Y, Norra S. Effects of hairy crab breeding on drinking water quality in a shallow lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:48-56. [PMID: 30690378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Yangcheng Lake, connected to Taihu, is partly served as drinking water source for Suzhou, China; the temporal and spatial changes of water quality parameters of it are investigated in this study. The Yangcheng Middle Lake with aquaculture area and the Yangcheng East Lake with important water intake are chosen to make a comparative investigation of the relationship between crab breeding and water quality. Phytoplankton community and the composition of dissolved organic matters (DOM) at different areas of the Yangcheng Lake are characterized with spectral fluorescence signatures. Results reveal that biopolymers and humic substances (HS) are the two major DOM compositions in the Yangcheng Lake. In the Yangcheng Middle Lake, the CODMn concentration at the large breeding area was lower than that in most other areas; while the concentration of algae and HS fluorescence intensity are positively correlated with each other in the Yangcheng Middle Lake. Crab breeding could accelerate nitrogen transformation and utilization. In summer and winter, the cumulative risk of building up potential harmful by-products such as DPBs caused by the biopolymers and HS is greater; the breeding of hairy crabs could reduce biopolymers and improve drinking water safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China.
| | - Cegan Fu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, 200093 Shanghai, China
| | - Genbao Ding
- Qingyuan-Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., 215000 Suzhou, China
| | - Yueying Fang
- Qingyuan-Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., 215000 Suzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Yun
- Research Institute for Water and Waste Management at RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Norra
- Institute for Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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41
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Lv M, Zhang Z, Zeng J, Liu J, Sun M, Yadav RS, Feng Y. Roles of magnetic particles in magnetic seeding coagulation-flocculation process for surface water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Yu W, Graham N, Liu T. Prevention of UF membrane fouling in drinking water treatment by addition of H 2O 2 during membrane backwashing. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:394-405. [PMID: 30471535 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although conventional coagulation pre-treatment can mitigate the fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) membrane when treating raw waters, it is insufficient to restrict the development of irreversible fouling and reversible fouling to a low level. In this paper we demonstrate that the intermittent addition of H2O2 into the membrane tank during backwash events (after coagulation pre-treatment) successfully prevented the development of any significant membrane fouling. Laboratory-scale tests were undertaken using two membrane systems operated in parallel over 60 days, one serving as a reference coagulation-ultrafiltration (CUF) process, and the other receiving the H2O2 (CUF-H2O2), with a decreasing dose in three successive phases: 10, 5 and 2 mg/L. The results showed that the addition of H2O2 (via a separate dosing tube) during a 1 min backwash process (at 30 min intervals) reduced the growth of bacteria in the membrane tank, and the associated concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP, including protein and polysaccharide). This resulted in a much reduced cake layer, which contained significantly less high MW organic matter (>50%), such as EPS, thereby improving the interaction between particles in the cake layer and/or particles and the membrane surface. There was also less organic matter, of all MW fractions, adsorbed in the membrane pores of the CUF-H2O2 system. The addition of H2O2 in the membrane tank appeared to alter the nature of the organic matter with a conversion of hydrophobic to hydrophilic fractions, which induced less organics adsorption within the hydrophobic PVDF membrane pores, and a reduced bonding ability for particles. There was no physico-chemical evidence of any deterioration of the membrane from exposure to H2O2, which indicates the feasibility of applying this novel method of fouling control for full-scale UF based water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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43
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Coupling continuous sand filtration to ultrafiltration for drinking water treatment: Improved performance and membrane fouling control. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hoslett J, Massara TM, Malamis S, Ahmad D, van den Boogaert I, Katsou E, Ahmad B, Ghazal H, Simons S, Wrobel L, Jouhara H. Surface water filtration using granular media and membranes: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 639:1268-1282. [PMID: 29929294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Significant growth of the human population is expected in the future. Hence, the pressure on the already scarce natural water resources is continuously increasing. This work is an overview of membrane and filtration methods for the removal of pollutants such as bacteria, viruses and heavy metals from surface water. Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration (MF/UF) can be highly effective in eliminating bacteria and/or act as pre-treatment before Nanofiltration/Reverse Osmosis (NF/RO) to reduce the possibility of fouling. However, MF/UF membranes are produced through relatively intensive procedures. Moreover, they can be modified with chemical additives to improve their performance. Therefore, MF/UF applicability in less developed countries can be limited. NF shows high removal capability of certain contaminants (e.g. pharmaceutically active compounds and ionic compounds). RO is necessary for desalination purposes in areas where sea water is used for drinking/sanitation. Nevertheless, NF/RO systems require pre-treatment of the influent, increased electrical supply and high level of technical expertise. Thus, they are often a highly costly addition for countries under development. Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) is a simple and easy-to-operate process for the retention of solids, microorganisms and heavy metals; land use is a limiting factor, though. Rapid Sand Filtration (RSF) is an alternative responding to the need for optimized land use. However, it requires prior and post treatment stages to prevent fouling. Especially after coating with metal-based additives, sand filtration can constitute an efficient and sustainable treatment option for developing countries. Granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbs organic compounds that were not filtered in previous treatment stages. It can be used in conjunction with other methods (e.g. MF and SSF) to face pollution that results from potentially outdated water network (especially in less developed areas) and, hence, produce water of acceptable drinking quality. Future research can focus on the potential of GAC production from alternative sources (e.g. municipal waste). Given the high production/operation/maintenance cost of the NF/RO systems, more cost-effective but equally effective alternatives can be implemented: e.g. (electro)coagulation/flocculation followed by MF/UF, SSF before/after MF/UF, MF/UF before GAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hoslett
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Theoni Maria Massara
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Simos Malamis
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou St., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Darem Ahmad
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Inge van den Boogaert
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Evina Katsou
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Balsam Ahmad
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Heba Ghazal
- School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Stefaan Simons
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Luiz Wrobel
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Hussam Jouhara
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK.
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45
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Yu W, Liu T, Crawshaw J, Liu T, Graham N. Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membrane fouling by natural organic matter: Mechanisms and mitigation by pre-ozonation and pH. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:353-362. [PMID: 29665507 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fouling of ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes during the treatment of surface waters continues to be of concern and the particular role of natural organic matter (NOM) requires further investigation. In this study the effect of pH and surface charge on membrane fouling during the treatment of samples of a representative surface water (Hyde Park recreational lake) were evaluated, together with the impact of pre-ozonation. While biopolymers in the surface water could be removed by the UF membrane, smaller molecular weight (MW) fractions of NOM were poorly removed, confirming the importance of membrane pore size. For NF membranes the removal of smaller MW fractions (800 Da-10 kDa) was less than expected from their pore size; however, nearly all of the hydrophobic, humic-type substances could be removed by the hydrophilic NF membranes for all MW distributions (greater than 90%). The results indicated the importance of the charge and hydrophilic nature of the NOM. Thus, the hydrophilic NF membrane could remove the hydrophobic organic matter, but not the hydrophilic substances. Increasing charge effects (more negative zeta potentials) with increasing solution pH were found to enhance organics removal and reduce fouling (flux decline), most likely through greater membrane surface repulsion. Pre-ozonation of the surface water increased the hydrophilic fraction and anionic charge of NOM and altered their size distributions. This resulted in a decreased fouling (less flux decline) for the UF and smaller pore NF, but a slight increase in fouling for the larger pore NF. The differences in the NF behavior are believed to relate to the relative sizes of ozonated organic fractions and the NF pores; a similar size of ozonated organic fractions and the NF pores causes significant membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Teng Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John Crawshaw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nigel Graham
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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46
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Wang X, Gan Y, Guo S, Ma X, Xu M, Zhang S. Advantages of titanium xerogel over titanium tetrachloride and polytitanium tetrachloride in coagulation: A mechanism analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 132:350-360. [PMID: 29348068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC) worked better than titanium tetrachloride (TC) and polytitanium chloride (PTC) in a wider pH/dose range for the removal of turbidity. However, the underlying mechanisms were not comprehensively understood. In this work, the better coagulation performance of TXC than TC and PTC was systematically elucidated from the following aspects: the physicochemical properties of the three coagulants, the removal of turbidity and organic matter, and the complexation reactions in coagulation. The results demonstrate that the merits of TXC were attributable to the following characteristics: (1) the higher surface charge density/total surface site concentration/isoelectric point of TXC hydrolysates, (2) the formation of TXC hydrolysates with a net-work structure, and (3) the strong binding affinity of TXC hydrolysates to organic matter caused by the bonded acetylacetone in the TXC framework. In short, the hydrolysis behavior of TXC significantly differed from both its precursor, TC, and the prehydrolyzed PTC. The difference in the hydrolysis of TXC was derived from the gelation process, which led to the polymerization of Ti in a way different from prehydrolyzation. The elucidation of the hydrolysis mechanisms is useful for the better application of Ti-based coagulants and may shed light on the preparation of other metal salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Yonghai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Xueyan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Mengshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 210023, PR China.
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