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Zhao HX, Zhang S, Zhang TY, Zhu YP, Pan RJ, Xu MY, Zheng ZX, Hu CY, Tang YL, Xu B. Comparison of four pre-oxidants coupled powdered activated carbon adsorption for odor compounds and algae removal: Kinetics, process optimization, and formation of disinfection byproducts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168920. [PMID: 38029977 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-oxidation and powdered activate carbon (PAC) are usually used to remove algae and odorants in drinking waterworks. However, the influence of interaction between oxidants and PAC on the treatment performance are scarcely known. This study systematically investigated the combination schemes of four oxidants (KMnO4, NaClO, ClO2, and O3) and PAC on the inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa cells and removal of four frequently detected odorants in raw water (diethyl disulfide (DEDS), 2,2'-oxybis(1chloropropane) (DCIP), 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) and geosmin (GSM)). O3 showed highest pseudo-first-order removal rate for all four compounds and NaClO exhibited highest inactivation rates for the cell viability and Chlorophyll a (Chl-a). The Freundlich model fitted well for the adsorption of DEDS and DCIP by PAC. When treated by combined oxidation/PAC, the removal ratio of algae cells and odorants were lower (at least 1.6 times) than the sum of removal ratios obtained in oxidation or PAC adsorption alone. Among these four oxidants, the highest synchronous control efficiency of odorants (52 %) and algae (66 %) was achieved by NaClO/PAC. Prolonging the dosage time interval promoted the removal rates. The pre-PAC/post-oxidation processes possessed comparable efficiency for the removal of odorants and algae cells comparing with pre-oxidation/post-PAC process, but significantly inhibited formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), especially for the formation of C-DBPs (for NaClO and ClO2), bromate (for O3) and chlorate/chlorite (for ClO2). This study could provide a better understanding of improving in-situ operation of the combined pre-treatments of oxidation and PAC for source water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Xuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Yi-Ping Zhu
- Shanghai Chengtou Raw Water Limited Company, Shanghai 200125, PR China
| | - Ren-Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Meng-Yuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chen-Yan Hu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Hu W, Niu XZ, Chen H, Ye B, Liang JK, Guan YT, Wu QY. Molecular insight of dissolved organic matter and chlorinated disinfection by-products in reclaimed water during chlorination with permanganate preoxidation. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140807. [PMID: 38029937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate is a common preoxidant applied in water treatment to remove organic pollutants and to reduce the formation of disinfection by-products. However, the effect of permanganate preoxidation on the transformation of dissolved effluent organic matter (dEfOM) and on the formation of unknown chlorinated disinfection by-products (Cl-DBPs) during chlorination remains unknown at molecular level. In this work, the molecular changes of dEfOM during permanganate preoxidation and subsequent chlorination were characterized using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Permanganate preoxidation was found to decrease the DBE (double bond equivalent) and AImod (modified aromaticity index) of the dEfOM. The identity and fate of over 400 unknown Cl-DBPs during KMnO4-chlorine treatment were investigated. Most Cl-DBPs and the precursors were found to be highly unsaturated aliphatic and phenolic compounds. The Cl-DBPs precursors with lower H/C and lower O/C were preferentially removed by permanganate preoxidation. Additionally, permanganate preoxidation decreased the number of unknown Cl-DBPs by 30% and intensity of unknown Cl-DBPs by 25%. One-chlorine-containing DBPs were the major Cl-DBPs and had more CH2 groups and higher DBEw than Cl-DBPs containing two and three chlorine atoms. 60% of the Cl-DBPs formation was attributed to substitution reactions (i.e., +Cl-H, +2Cl-2H, +3Cl-3H, +ClO-H, +Cl2O3-2H). This work provides detailed molecular level information on the efficacy of permanganate preoxidation on the control of overall Cl-DBPs formation during chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xi-Zhi Niu
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Bei Ye
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jun-Kun Liang
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yun-Tao Guan
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qian-Yuan Wu
- Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Li X, Xian X, Chen S, Song W, Yu X, Yu CP. Comparative study about ozonation to treat Microcystis-laden source water at the development and maintenance stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140045. [PMID: 37683947 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of toxic cyanobacteria blooms is hazardous to water safety. Ozonation has been used to treat cyanobacteria-laden source water. Generally, cyanobacterial blooms enter into a long-term maintenance stage from the bloom development, but how the changed bloom stage affects ozonation is still unknow. Herein, influences of ozonation on cell inactivation and microcystin removal of Microcystis at the development and maintenance stage, were investigated. Then, ozonation-assisted coagulation for Microcystis removal at the two stages was compared. Results showed no significant difference in the photosynthetic inactivation of Microcystis at both stages. Microcystis at the maintenance stage exhibited a lower loss of membrane integrity (268-480 M-1 s-1) than that at the development stage (413-596 M-1 s-1). However, the extracellular microcystin increased by 30-410% at the maintenance stage at a lower ratio of [O3: DOC] (0.10-0.80) compared to the development stage (0.21-1.68), mainly ascribed to a decrease in the ozonation efficiency for microcystin removal. This finding might result from the elevated biomass and N-containing organics as competitors to reduce microcystin ozonation. Meanwhile, it was possible to generate fewer hydroxyl radicals to oxidize microcystin at the maintenance stage than that at the development stage. Besides, the removal ratio of Microcystis after ozonation-assisted coagulation, was reduced by 46-230% at the maintenance stage, due to the insufficient modification of cellular surface or elevated organics of 3-30 kDa. This work indicated that ozonation is effective to treat Microcystis at the development stage of a bloom whist pre-ozonation might be an inappropriate choice at the long-term maintenance stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - XuanXuan Xian
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Weijun Song
- College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, China.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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Pinto A, Botelho MJ, Churro C, Asselman J, Pereira P, Pereira JL. A review on aquatic toxins - Do we really know it all regarding the environmental risk posed by phytoplankton neurotoxins? JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118769. [PMID: 37597370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic toxins are potent natural toxins produced by certain cyanobacteria and marine algae species during harmful cyanobacterial and algal blooms (CyanoHABs and HABs, respectively). These harmful bloom events and the toxins produced during these events are a human and environmental health concern worldwide, with occurrence, frequency and severity of CyanoHABs and HABs being predicted to keep increasing due to ongoing climate change scenarios. These contexts, as well as human health consequences of some toxins produced during bloom events have been thoroughly reviewed before. Conversely, the wider picture that includes the non-human biota in the assessment of noxious effects of toxins is much less covered in the literature and barely covered by review works. Despite direct human exposure to aquatic toxins and related deleterious effects being responsible for the majority of the public attention to the blooms' problematic, it constitutes a very limited fraction of the real environmental risk posed by these toxins. The disruption of ecological and trophic interactions caused by these toxins in the aquatic biota building on deleterious effects they may induce in different species is paramount as a modulator of the overall magnitude of the environmental risk potentially involved, thus necessarily constraining the quality and efficiency of the management strategies that should be placed. In this way, this review aims at updating and consolidating current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of aquatic toxins, attempting to going beyond their main toxicity pathways in human and related models' health, i.e., also focusing on ecologically relevant model organisms. For conciseness and considering the severity in terms of documented human health risks as a reference, we restricted the detailed revision work to neurotoxic cyanotoxins and marine toxins. This comprehensive revision of the systemic effects of aquatic neurotoxins provides a broad overview of the exposure and the hazard that these compounds pose to human and environmental health. Regulatory approaches they are given worldwide, as well as (eco)toxicity data available were hence thoroughly reviewed. Critical research gaps were identified particularly regarding (i) the toxic effects other than those typical of the recognized disease/disorder each toxin causes following acute exposure in humans and also in other biota; and (ii) alternative detection tools capable of being early-warning signals for aquatic toxins occurrence and therefore provide better human and environmental safety insurance. Future directions on aquatic toxins research are discussed in face of the existent knowledge, with particular emphasis on the much-needed development and implementation of effective alternative (eco)toxicological biomarkers for these toxins. The wide-spanning approach followed herein will hopefully stimulate future research more broadly addressing the environmental hazardous potential of aquatic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albano Pinto
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Catarina Churro
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge Building, Ostend Science Park 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Luísa Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Portugal
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Dong H, Aziz MT, Richardson SD. Transformation of Algal Toxins during the Oxidation/Disinfection Processes of Drinking Water: From Structure to Toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:12944-12957. [PMID: 37603687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of algal blooms worldwide, drinking water resources are threatened by the release of various algal toxins, which can be hepatotoxic, cytotoxic, or neurotoxic. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence in global waters and incomplete removal in conventional drinking water treatment, oxidation/disinfection processes have become promising alternative treatment options to destroy both the structures and toxicity of algal toxins. This Review first summarizes the occurrence and regulation of algal toxins in source water and drinking water. Then, the transformation kinetics, disinfection byproducts (DBPs)/transformation products (TPs), pathways, and toxicity of algal toxins in water oxidation/disinfection processes, including treatment by ozonation, chlorination, chloramination, ultraviolet-based advanced oxidation process, and permanganate, are reviewed. For most algal toxins, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) exhibit the highest oxidation rate, followed by ozone and free chlorine. Under practical applications, ozone and chlorine can degrade most algal toxins to meet water quality standards. However, the transformation of the parent structures of algal toxins by oxidation/disinfection processes does not guarantee a reduction in toxicity, and the formation of toxic TPs should also be considered, especially during chlorination. Notably, the toxicity variation of algal toxins is associated with the chemical moiety responsible for toxicity (e.g., Adda moiety in microcystin-LR and uracil moiety in cylindrospermopsin). Moreover, the formation of known halogenated DBPs after chlorination indicates that toxicity in drinking water may shift from toxicity contributed by algal toxins to toxicity contributed by DBPs. To achieve the simultaneous toxicity reduction of algal toxins and their TPs, optimized oxidation/disinfection processes are warranted in future research, not only for meeting water quality standards but also for effective reduction of toxicity of algal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Md Tareq Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Susan D Richardson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Che M, Shan C, Huang R, Cui M, Qi W, Klemeš JJ, Su R. A rapid removal of Phaeocystis globosa from seawater by peroxymonosulfate enhanced cellulose nanocrystals coagulation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115318. [PMID: 37531927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are recognized as promising bio-based flocculants for controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs). Due to the charge shielding effect in seawater and the strong mobility of algae cells, CNC can't effectively remove Phaeocystis globosa from seawater. To solve this problem, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was used to enhance the coagulation of CNC for rapidly removal of P. globosa. The results showed that 91.7% of Chl-a, 95.2% of OD680, and 97.2% of turbidity of P. globosa were reduced within 3 h with the use of 200 mg L-1 of CNC and 20 mg L-1 of PMS. The removal of P. globosa was consisted of inactivation and flocculation. Notably, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrums and quenching experiments revealed that the inactivation of P. globosa was dominated by PMS oxidation and 1O2. Subsequently, CNC entrained inactivated algal cells to settle to the bottom to achieve efficient removal of P. globosa. The content of total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) decreased significantly, indicating that a low emission risk of algal cell effluent was produced in the CNC-PMS system. In view of the excellent performance on P. globosa removal, we believe that the CNC-PMS system has great potential for HABs treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingda Che
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Cancan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Renliang Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Research and Service, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory - SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology - VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, PR China.
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Shokoohi R, Rahmani A, Asgari G, Ashrafi M, Ghahramani E. The effect of the combined system of hydrodynamic cavitation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a and organic substances removal in the raw water. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10102. [PMID: 37344539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of nutrients and algae can cause drinking water problems in communities. Harmful algal blooms affect humans, fish, marine mammals, birds, and other animals. In the present study, we investigated the use of a combined system [Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone (O3), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)] on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water was investigated. The Effect of different operating conditions such as pH, cavitation time, pressure, distance, flow rate, ozone dose, and hydrogen peroxide concentration was studied. Utilizing the Taguchi design method, experiments were planned and optimized. The combined system treatment yielded a maximum reduction in Chlorophyll a and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at an optimum condition of pH 5, cavitation pressure 5 bar, flow rate of 1 m3/h, a distance of 25 cm from the orifice plate, O3 3 g/h and 2 g/l of H2O2 concentrations. The most efficient factor in the degradation of TOC and Chlorophyll a, was cavitation pressure based on the percentage contributions of each parameter (38.64 percent and 35.05 percent, respectively). H2O2 was found to have the most negligible impact on degradation efficiency (4.24 percent and 4.11 percent, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Shokoohi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghorban Asgari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maysam Ashrafi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ghahramani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Research Centre for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Research Institute for Health Department, Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Chen X, Wang J, Wu H, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Guo H. Trade-off effect of dissolved organic matter on degradation and transformation of micropollutants: A review in water decontamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:130996. [PMID: 36867904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of micropollutants by various treatments is commonly affected by the ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water environment. To optimize the operating conditions and decomposition efficiency, it is necessary to consider the impacts of DOM. DOM exhibits varied behaviors in diverse treatments, including permanganate oxidation, solar/ultraviolet photolysis, advanced oxidation processes, advanced reduction process, and enzyme biological treatments. Besides, the different sources (i.e., terrestrial and aquatic, etc) of DOM, and operational circumstances (i.e., concentration and pH) fluctuate different transformation efficiency of micropollutants in water. However, so far, systematic explanations and summaries of relevant research and mechanism are rare. This paper reviewed the "trade-off" performances and the corresponding mechanisms of DOM in the elimination of micropollutants, and summarized the similarities and differences for the dual roles of DOM in each of the aforementioned treatments. Inhibition mechanisms typically include radical scavenging, UV attenuation, competition effect, enzyme inactivation, reaction between DOM and micropollutants, and intermediates reduction. Facilitation mechanisms include the generation of reactive species, complexation/stabilization, cross-coupling with pollutants, and electron shuttle. Moreover, electron-drawing groups (i.e., quinones, ketones functional groups) and electron-supplying groups (i.e., phenols) in the DOM are the main contributors to its trade-off effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Han Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Yibin Industrial Technology Research Institute of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China.
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9
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Zhao C, Arroyo-Mora LE, DeCaprio AP, Dionysiou DD, O'Shea KE, Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) mediated degradation of the potent cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin: Kinetics, products, and toxicity. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 233:119773. [PMID: 36870108 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The presence of cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a potent cyanotoxin, in drinking water sources poses a tremendous risk to humans and the environment. Detailed kinetic studies herein demonstrate ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42-, Fe(VI)) mediated oxidation of CYN and the model compound 6-hydroxymethyl uracil (6-HOMU) lead to their effective degradation under neutral and alkaline solution pH. A transformation product analysis indicated oxidation of the uracil ring, which has functionality critical to the toxicity of CYN. The oxidative cleavage of the C5=C6 double bond resulted in fragmentation of the uracil ring. Amide hydrolysis is a contributing pathway leading to the fragmentation of the uracil ring. Under extended treatment, hydrolysis, and extensive oxidation lead to complete destruction of the uracil ring skeleton, resulting in the generation of a variety of products including nontoxic cylindrospermopsic acid. The ELISA biological activity of the CYN product mixtures produced during Fe(VI) treatment parallels the concentration of CYN. These results suggest the products do not possess ELISA biological activity at the concentrations produced during treatment. The Fe(VI) mediated degradation was also effective in the presence of humic acid and unaffected by the presence of common inorganic ions under our experimental conditions. The Fe(VI) remediation of CYN and uracil based toxins appears a promising drinking water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Luis E Arroyo-Mora
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, 1600 University Avenue. Morgantown West Virginia 26505
| | - Anthony P DeCaprio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, International Forensic Research Institute (IFRI), Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - Kevin E O'Shea
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University, Texas 77843, USA.
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10
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Bhatt P, Engel BA, Reuhs M, Simsek H. Cyanophage technology in removal of cyanobacteria mediated harmful algal blooms: A novel and eco-friendly method. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137769. [PMID: 36623591 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyanophages are highly abundant specific viruses that infect cyanobacterial cells. In recent years, the cyanophages and cyanobacteria interactions drew attention to environmental restoration due to their discovery in marine and freshwater systems. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs) are increasing throughout the world and contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The blooms cause severe environmental problems including unpleasant odors and cyanotoxin production. Cyanotoxins have been reported to be lethal agents for living beings and can harm animals, people, aquatic species, recreational activities, and drinking water reservoirs. Biological remediation of cyanoHABs in aquatic systems is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to increasing surface water quality. Therefore, this study compiles the fragmented information with the solution of removal of cyanoHABs using cyanophage therapy techniques. To date, scant information exists in terms of bloom formation, cyanophage occurrence, and mode of action to remediate cyanoHABs. Overall, this study illustrates cyanobacterial toxin production and its impacts on the environment, the mechanisms involved in the cyanophage-cyanobacteria interaction, and the application of cyanophages for the removal of toxic cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bernard A Engel
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mikael Reuhs
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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11
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Li D, Lei D, Ren W, Li J, Yang X, Cai Z, Duan H, Dou X. A TD-DFT study of a class of D-π-A fluorescent probes for detection of typical oxidants. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:315-322. [PMID: 36524697 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01739c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A deep understanding of the fluorescence response mechanisms is the foundation for design-oriented strategies for D-π-A probes for trace hazardous chemicals. Here, from the perspective of electronegativity regulation of the π-bridge recognition site, an electron-donation modulation strategy involving various comprehensive evaluations of the optical and chemical properties is proposed through a series of theoretical analyses. Due to the preferential combined interaction between the π-bridge recognition site and MnO4-, high electrophilic reactivity and feasible chemical reaction energy barrier, a high-performance filter paper chip and hydrogel chip for the detection of aqueous and air-suspended environmental KMnO4 was achieved. We expect the present modulation strategy will facilitate efficient fluorescent probe design and provide a universal methodology for the exploration of functional D-π-A molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhong Li
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Da Lei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Wenfei Ren
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiguang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Cai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Haiming Duan
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China.
| | - Xincun Dou
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China. .,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Explosives Safety Science, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Abd Elkodous M, Kawamura G, Tan WK, Matsuda A. Facile one-pot preparation of Cu/CuO/Cu2O heterojunction for photocatalytic applications. MATERIALS LETTERS 2022; 323:132606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2022.132606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Abd Elkodous M, El-Khawaga AM, Abdel Maksoud MIA, El-Sayyad GS, Alias N, Abdelsalam H, Ibrahim MA, Elsayed MA, Kawamura G, Lockman Z, Tan WK, Matsuda A. Enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial performance of a multifunctional Cu-loaded nanocomposite under UV light: theoretical and experimental study. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8306-8317. [PMID: 35660850 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01710e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to modern industrialization and population growth, access to clean water has become a global challenge. In this study, a metal-semiconductor heterojunction was constructed between Cu NPs and the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4/SiO2/TiO2 composite matrix for the photodegradation of potassium permanganate, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and p-nitroaniline (pNA) under UV light. In addition, the electronic and adsorption properties after Cu loading were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, the antimicrobial properties of the prepared samples toward pathogenic bacteria and unicellular fungi were investigated. Photocatalytic measurements show the outstanding efficiency of the Cu-loaded nanocomposite compared to that of bare Cu NPs and the composite matrix. Degradation efficiencies of 44% after 80 min, 100% after 60 min, and 65% after 90 min were obtained against potassium permanganate, Cr(VI), and pNA, respectively. Similarly, the antimicrobial evaluation showed high ZOI, lower MIC, higher protein leakage amount, and cell lysis of nearly all microbes treated with the Cu-loaded nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Ahmed M El-Khawaga
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - M I A Abdel Maksoud
- Materials Science Lab., Radiation Physics Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
- Drug Microbiology Lab., Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nurhaswani Alias
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hazem Abdelsalam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, P. R. China
- Theoretical Physics Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Str., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Medhat A Ibrahim
- Nanotechnology Research Centre (NTRC), The British University in Egypt (BUE), Suez Desert Road, El-Sherouk City, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
- Molecular Spectroscopy and Modeling Unit, Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elsayed
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Go Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Zainovia Lockman
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Wai Kian Tan
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Atsunori Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan.
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14
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Laszakovits JR, Kerr A, MacKay AA. Permanganate Oxidation of Organic Contaminants and Model Compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4728-4748. [PMID: 35356836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate oxidation is an attractive environmental remediation strategy due to its low cost, ease of use, and wide range in reactivity. Here, permanganate reactivity trends are investigated for model organic compounds and organic contaminants. Second-order permanganate reaction rate constants were compiled for 215 compounds from 82 references (journal articles, conference proceedings, master's theses, and dissertations). Additionally, we validated some phenol rate constants and contribute a few additional phenol rate constants. Commonalities between contaminant oxidation products are also discussed, and we tentatively identify several model compound oxidation products. Aromatic rings, alcohols, and ether groups had low reaction rate constants with permanganate. Alkene reaction sites had the highest reaction rate constants, followed by phenols, anilines, and benzylic carbon-hydrogen bonds. Generally, permanganate reactivity follows electrophilic substitution trends at the reaction site where electron donating groups increase the rate of reaction, while electron withdrawing groups decrease the rate of reaction. Solution conditions, specifically, buffer type and concentration, may impact the rate of reaction, which could be due to either an ionic strength effect or the buffer ions acting as ligands. The impact of these solution conditions, unfortunately, precludes the development of a quantitative structure-activity relationship for permanganate reaction rate constants with the currently available data. We note that critical experimental details are often missing in the literature, which posed a challenge when comparing rate constants between studies. Future research directions on permanganate oxidation should seek to improve our understanding of buffer effects and to identify oxidation products for model compounds so that extrapolations can be made to more complex contaminant structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Laszakovits
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Adaline Kerr
- Department of Organismal Biology and Ecology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, United States
| | - Allison A MacKay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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15
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Wan D, Kong Y, Wang X, Selvinsimpson S, Sharma VK, Zuo Y, Chen Y. Effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of dissolved organic matter for photodegradation of typical pharmaceuticals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152647. [PMID: 34968593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Permanganate has been widely used in the remediation of contaminated water due to its relatively strong oxidation properties and ease of use. The ubiquitous dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters causes a significant sink of permanganate in treatments, which further impacts the photoformation of reactive species and the removal of trace pollutants by DOM. Significantly, the effect of permanganate oxidation on the photoreactivity of DOM remains unknown. The present paper investigated for the first time the photophysical and photochemical properties variation of DOM from different sources after permanganate oxidation. Results showed that the permanganate oxidation caused a decrease in UV absorbance, fluorescence intensity, aromaticity, and molecular weight for all tested DOM samples, as well as photoformation rate of DOM triplet states (3DOM⁎), singlet oxygen (1O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH) under simulated sunlight. Quantum yield of 1O2 showed positively linear correlations with both triplet quantum yield coefficient (fTMP) and E2/E3 (ratio of absorbance at 254 and 365 nm) for all the DOM samples before and after permanganate oxidation. The quantum yield of OH exhibited no significant correlation with fTMP or E2/E3. Permanganate oxidation inhibited the DOM-photosensitized indirect photodegradation of pollutants that do not absorb sunlight (e.g., decreased by 15-29%). For the tested pollutants that undergo direct photolysis under sunlight, their photodegradation was promoted (e.g., increased by 1-19%) in the permanganate oxidized DOM solutions due to the decrease of light-screening effect by DOM. These findings suggest that permanganate oxidation affects the photoreactivity of DOM and the corresponding photochemical fate of organic pollutants in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Yaqian Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | | | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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16
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Photocatalysis-enhanced coagulation for removal of intracellular organic matter from Microcystis aeruginosa: Efficiency and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Li X, Zeng J, Yu X. Different response pattern of cyanobacteria at development and maintenance stage to potassium permanganate oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126492. [PMID: 34323717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence of successive cyanobacterial blooms in source waters can continuously impair drinking water quality. Previous studies have separately investigated potassium permanganate (KMnO4) to treat high-viability cyanobacteria at just one stage of either development or maintenance. However, maintenance stage exhibited significantly higher cell-density and extracellular organic matters (EOMs) than development stage, which may result in a different KMnO4 oxidation pattern. In this study, kinetics of oxidant decay, membrane integrity loss, and toxin degradation of high-viability cyanobacteria at both stages were compared. Results showed that cyanobacteria at maintenance stage became more resistant to KMnO4 oxidation than that at development stage, since elevated cell-density and more proteins involved in EOMs resulted in lower oxidant exposure at this stage. Meanwhile, elevated cyanobacterial biomass became the main competitors to decrease toxin degradation efficiency at maintenance stage, leading to incapacity to degrade extracellular toxin to below safety guideline of 1 μg L-1. Consequently, comparing with the best strategy for development stage (6 mg min L-1, no membrane damage), a higher oxidant exposure (12 mg min L-1) was recommended to treat cyanobacteria at maintenance stage even with slight membrane damage (19%), since it degraded extracellular toxin to below safety guideline and achieved the highest removal ratio of EOMs. Overall, this study demonstrated that stage of cyanobacteria can strongly affect KMnO4 oxidation pattern, and it is necessary for water supplies to optimize KMnO4 treatments depending on bloom stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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18
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Li X, Zeng J, Yu X. Potassium permanganate as a promising pre-oxidant to treat low-viability cyanobacteria and associated removal of cyanotoxins and extracellular organic matters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117353. [PMID: 34246989 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell-viability of cyanobacteria declines from development to decay stage during a successive bloom. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has demonstrated to be a superior pre-oxidant to treat high-viability cyanobacteria compared to other common oxidants (e.g., chlorine), but whether it is feasible to treat low-viability cyanobacteria is unknown. Here, effects of KMnO4 on membrane integrity, cyanotoxin fate and extracellular organic matters (EOMs) removal of high- and low-viability cyanobacteria were compared. Results showed that cell-viability of cyanobacteria could affect oxidant decay (kdecay), membrane damage (kloss), and cyanotoxins release (ki) and degradation (ke) during KMnO4 oxidation, similar to chlorination. However, unlike chlorination, initial low dosages of KMnO4 (0.5 and 1 mg L-1) minimized membrane damage for low-viability cyanobacteria (< 27%), and continuously decrease extracellular cyanotoxins, extracellular organic matters (EOMs), and aromatic compounds to some degrees (P<0.05). High dosages of KMnO4 (> 2 mg L-1) caused severe membrane destruction (> 89%) for low-viability cyanobacteria, leading to a fast increase of extracellular cyanotoxins within 1 h. However, total/extracellular cyanotoxins were oxidized to below the safety guideline of 1 μg L-1 after being dosed with sufficient oxidant exposure. EOMs and aromatic compounds were also reduced by 5-18% (P<0.05). Additionally, KMnO4-assisted coagulation significantly improved the removal of low-viability cyanobacteria (2-5 fold). Consequently, KMnO4 could be a promising pre-oxidant to treat low-viability cyanobacteria at decay stage of a successive bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
| | - Xin Yu
- College of The Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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19
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A Brief Review of the Structure, Cytotoxicity, Synthesis, and Biodegradation of Microcystins. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms pose an environmental health hazard due to the release of water-soluble cyanotoxins. One of the most prevalent cyanotoxins in nature is microcystins (MCs), a class of cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxins, and they are produced by several common cyanobacteria in aquatic environments. Once released from cyanobacterial cells, MCs are subjected to physical chemical and biological transformations in natural environments. MCs can also be taken up and accumulated in aquatic organisms and their grazers/predators and induce toxic effects in several organisms, including humans. This brief review aimed to summarize our current understanding on the chemical structure, exposure pathway, cytotoxicity, biosynthesis, and environmental transformation of microcystins.
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20
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Fan G, Chen Z, Yan Z, Du B, Pang H, Tang D, Luo J, Lin J. Efficient integration of plasmonic Ag/AgCl with perovskite-type LaFeO 3: Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for removal of harmful algae. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:125018. [PMID: 33422753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.125018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel plasmonic Ag/AgCl@LaFeO3 (ALFO) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple in-situ synthesis method with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light for harmful algal blooms (HABs) control. The structure, morphology, chemical states, optical and electrochemical properties of the photocatalyst were systematically investigated using a series of characterization methods. Compared with pure LaFeO3 and Ag/AgCl, ALFO-20% owned a higher light absorption capacity and lower electron-hole recombined rate. Therefore, ALFO-20% had higher photocatalytic activity with a near 100% removal rate of chlorophyll a within 150 min, whose kinetic constant was 15.36 and 9.61 times faster than those of LaFeO3 and Ag/AgCl. In addition, the changes of zeta potential, cell membrane permeability, cell morphology, organic matter, total soluble protein, photosynthetic system and antioxidant enzyme system in Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) were studied to explore the mechanism of M. aeruginosa photocatalytic inactivation. The results showed that ALFO-20% could change the permeability and morphology of the algae cell membrane, as well as destroy the photosynthesis system and antioxidant system of M. aeruginosa. What's more, ALFO could further degrade the organic matters flowed out after algae rupture and die, reducing the secondary pollution and avoiding the recurrence of HABs. Finally, the species of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mainly •O2- and •OH) produced by ALFO were determined through quenching experiments, and a possible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed. Overall, ALFO can efficiently remove the harmful algae under the visible light, providing a promising method for controlling HABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhong Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhongsen Yan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002 Fujian, PR China.
| | - Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116 Fujian, PR China
| | - Heliang Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Dingsheng Tang
- CCCC First Highway Engineering Group Xiamen Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Jing Luo
- Fujian Jinhuang Environmental Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jiuyang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, School of Environment and Resources, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China
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21
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Yang Y, Yu G, Chen Y, Jia N, Li R. Four decades of progress in cylindrospermopsin research: The ins and outs of a potent cyanotoxin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124653. [PMID: 33321325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN), a toxic metabolite from cyanobacteria, is of particular concern due to its cosmopolitan occurrence, aquatic bioaccumulation, and multi-organ toxicity. CYN is the second most often recorded cyanotoxin worldwide, and cases of human morbidity and animal mortality are associated with ingestion of CYN contaminated water. The toxin poses a great challenge for drinking water treatment plants and public health authorities. CYN, with the major toxicity manifested in the liver, is cytotoxic, genotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic and may be carcinogenic. Adverse effects are also reported for endocrine and developmental processes. We present a comprehensive review of CYN over the past four decades since its first reported poisoning event, highlighting its global occurrence, biosynthesis, toxicology, removal, and monitoring. In addition, current data gaps are identified, and future directions for CYN research are outlined. This review is beneficial for understanding the ins and outs of this environmental pollutant, and for robustly assessing health hazards posed by CYN exposure to humans and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Yang
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Gongliang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Youxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Nannan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renhui Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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22
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Li C, Gu X, Wu Z, Qin T, Guo L, Wang T, Zhang L, Jiang G. Assessing the effects of elevated ozone on physiology, growth, yield and quality of soybean in the past 40 years: A meta-analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 191:110234. [PMID: 33396164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) production is seriously threatened by ground-level ozone (O3) pollution. The goal of our study is to summarize the impacts of O3 on physiology, growth, yield, and quality of soybean, as well as root parameters. We performed meta-analysis on the collated 48 peer-reviewed papers published between 1980 and 2019 to quantitatively summarize the response of soybean to elevated O3 concentrations ([O3]). Relative to charcoal-filtered air (CF), elevated [O3] significantly accelerated chlorophyll degradation, enhanced foliar injury, and inhibited growth of soybean, evidenced by great reductions in leaf area (-20.8%), biomass of leaves (-13.8%), shoot (-22.8%), and root (-16.9%). Shoot of soybean was more sensitive to O3 than root in case of biomass. Chronic ozone exposure of about 75.5 ppb posed pronounced decrease in seed yield of soybean (-28.3%). In addition, root environment in pot contributes to higher reduction in shoot biomass and yield of soybean. Negative linear relationships were observed between yield loss and intensity of O3 treatment, AOT40. The larger loss in seed yield was significantly associated with higher reduction in shoot biomass and other yield component. This meta-analysis demonstrates the effects of elevated O3 on soybean were pronounced, suggesting that O3 pollution is still a soaring threat to the productivity of soybean in regions with high ozone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Gaoming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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23
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Li L, Ning D, Jeon Y, Ryu H, Santo Domingo JW, Kang DW, Kadudula A, Seo Y. Ecological insights into assembly processes and network structures of bacterial biofilms in full-scale biologically active carbon filters under ozone implementation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141409. [PMID: 32882545 PMCID: PMC8273922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To address the adverse effects of harmful algal blooms, there are increased demands over the implementation of ozone coupled with biologically active carbon (BAC) filters in the drinking water treatment plants. Although the microbial biofilms are vital elements to support the proper performance of BAC filters, except for taxonomic affiliations, little is known about the assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in the full-scale BAC filters. This study aimed to examine how the assembly processes and their associated factors (e.g., influent characteristics, biological interactions) drive the temporal dynamics of bacterial communities in full-scale BAC filters, which underwent ozone implementation (five consecutive seasons from 2017 to 2018). The results revealed that along with the increase of bacterial taxonomic richness and evenness, stochastic processes became more crucial to determine the bacterial community assembly in the summer and autumn after ozone implementation (relative contribution: 61.23% and 83.75%, respectively). Moreover, their corresponding networks possessed simple network structures with lower modularity than other seasons, which implied lesser biological interactions among bacterial populations. The correlation between taxonomic and predicted functional diversities using functional redundancy index indicated that relatively high levels of bacterial functional redundancy (>0.83) were generally present in BAC filters. However, compared to other seasons, significantly higher degrees of functional redundancy existed in the summer and autumn after ozone implementation (0.85 ± 0.01 and 0.86 ± 0.01, respectively). Overall, this work improves our understanding of the microbial ecology of full-scale BAC filters by providing a conceptual framework that characterizes bacterial biofilm assembly processes relevant to performance optimization of full-scale BAC filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Youchul Jeon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hodon Ryu
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Jorge W Santo Domingo
- Water Infrastructure Division, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA
| | - Dae-Wook Kang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Anusha Kadudula
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Youngwoo Seo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Mail Stop 307, 3048 Nitschke Hall, Toledo, OH, USA.
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24
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Zhu Y, Cheng S, Wang P, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu L, Li X, Ding Y. A possible environmental-friendly removal of Microcystis aeruginosa by using pyroligneous acid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111159. [PMID: 32829212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria blooms are crucial environmental issues by threatening both aquatic ecosystem and human health. A biomass by-product with antimicrobial activity, pyroligneous acid (PA) was tested for its suitability for removal of the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in this work. Results show that the removal efficiency could reach up to 90% in the presence of 0.45% of PA and the inhibition to M. aeruginosa growth could extend to at least 40 days. The removal mechanism was studied. Both organic acids and phenols are functional content in M. aeruginosa removal and acetic acid is the most important one. Zeta potential analysis and morphology study show that the damage of cells dominates the flocculation and sedimentation of M. aeruginosa under low PA concentration (<0.7%), and increasing PA (≥0.7%) resulted in a trend of zeta potential to zero, thus removing any "shield" and triggering flocculation. Finally, study on the phenols residual after M. aeruginosa treatment shows that it could be close to 0 in 70 h. Therefore, this work proposes a possible method for world-wide treatment of cyanobacteria bloom and a new way for further utilization of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, PR China
| | - Hanyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xueru Zhang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Lanhua Liu
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Xueliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, PR China.
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25
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The Use of Biochar and Pyrolysed Materials to Improve Water Quality through Microcystin Sorption Separation. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms have increased globally with warming of aquatic environments and increased eutrophication. Proliferation of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the subsequent flux of toxic extracellular microcystins present threats to public and ecosystem health and challenges for remediation and management. Although methods exist, there is currently a need for more environmentally friendly and economically and technologically feasible sorbents. Biochar has been proposed in this regard because of its high porosity, chemical stability, and notable sorption efficiency for removing of cyanotoxins. In light of worsening cyanobacterial blooms and recent research advances, this review provides a timely assessment of microcystin removal strategies focusing on the most pertinent chemical and physical sorbent properties responsible for effective removal of various pollutants from wastewater, liquid wastes, and aqueous solutions. The pyrolysis process is then evaluated for the first time as a method for sorbent production for microcystin removal, considering the suitability and sorption efficiencies of pyrolysed materials and biochar. Inefficiencies and high costs of conventional methods can be avoided through the use of pyrolysis. The significant potential of biochar for microcystin removal is determined by feedstock type, pyrolysis conditions, and the physiochemical properties produced. This review informs future research and development of pyrolysed materials for the treatment of microcystin contaminated aquatic environments.
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26
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Cho K, An BM, So S, Chae A, Song KG. Simultaneous control of algal micropollutants based on ball-milled powdered activated carbon in combination with permanganate oxidation and coagulation. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116263. [PMID: 32798891 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports application of KMnO4 pre-oxidation and engineered powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption to simultaneously control geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in conventional drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Pulverization of commercial wood-based PAC (1 mm ZrO2 ball, 12 h) reduced the median size to ~6 μm and resulted in overall enhanced kinetics for adsorption of the algal micropollutants. A series of parametric experiments were performed to estimate minimal contact for KMnO4 (1 mg L-1, 10 minutes) and PAC (20 mg L-1, 40 minutes) prior to coagulation, with the aim to meet guidelines (0.02, 0.02, and 1 μg L-1 for geosmin, 2-MIB, and MC-LR, respectively) at specific influent concentrations (0.1, 0.1, and 100 μg L-1) in surface water matrix. Ball-milling of parent PAC with a low oxygen content (~2.5 w/w%) could avoid interferences from/to the KMnO4 pre-oxidation and subsequent coagulation. Pilot-scale experiments confirmed the compatibility of the combined KMnO4 and PAC at existing DWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwoo Cho
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Min An
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun So
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ana Chae
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Guen Song
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Optimization on preparation of Fe3O4/chitosan as potential matrix material for the removal of microcystin-LR and its evaluation of adsorption properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:1574-1583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Greenstein KE, Zamyadi A, Glover CM, Adams C, Rosenfeldt E, Wert EC. Delayed Release of Intracellular Microcystin Following Partial Oxidation of Cultured and Naturally Occurring Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E335. [PMID: 32443714 PMCID: PMC7291037 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation processes can provide an effective barrier to eliminate cyanotoxins by damaging cyanobacteria cell membranes, releasing intracellular cyanotoxins, and subsequently oxidizing these toxins (now in extracellular form) based on published reaction kinetics. In this work, cyanobacteria cells from two natural blooms (from the United States and Canada) and a laboratory-cultured Microcystis aeruginosa strain were treated with chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and potassium permanganate. The release of microcystin was measured immediately after oxidation (t ≤ 20 min), and following oxidant residual quenching (stagnation times = 96 or 168 h). Oxidant exposures (CT) were determined resulting in complete release of intracellular microcystin following chlorine (21 mg-min/L), chloramine (72 mg-min/L), chlorine dioxide (58 mg-min/L), ozone (4.1 mg-min/L), and permanganate (391 mg-min/L). Required oxidant exposures using indigenous cells were greater than lab-cultured Microcystis. Following partial oxidation of cells (oxidant exposures ≤ CT values cited above), additional intracellular microcystin and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were released while the samples remained stagnant in the absence of an oxidant (>96 h after quenching). The delayed release of microcystin from partially oxidized cells has implications for drinking water treatment as these cells may be retained on a filter surface or in solids and continue to slowly release cyanotoxins and other metabolites into the finished water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Zamyadi
- Water Research Australia (WaterRA), Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- BGA Innovation Hub and Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Caitlin M. Glover
- Department of Civil Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Craig Adams
- Department of Civil Engineering, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | | | - Eric C. Wert
- Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA), P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, USA;
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29
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Laszakovits JR, Somogyi A, MacKay AA. Chemical Alterations of Dissolved Organic Matter by Permanganate Oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3256-3266. [PMID: 32083469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is ubiquitous in raw drinking water and can efficiently scavenge oxidants, such as permanganate. Here, changes to DOM induced by permanganate oxidation under typical drinking water treatment conditions (6 μM, 1 h) to bulk DOM properties, DOM functional groups, and DOM chemical formulae were examined for two DOM isolate types (terrestrial and microbial). Permanganate oxidation did not mineralize DOM, rather changes were compositional in nature. Optical properties suggest that permanganate oxidation decreased DOM aromaticity (decreased SUVA-254), decreased DOM electron-donating capacity, and decreased DOM average molecular weight (increased E2/E3 ratios). Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy second derivative analyses revealed that permanganate does not oxidize DOM alkene groups, suggesting permanganate access to functional groups may be important. Four ionization techniques were used with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry: negative and positive ion mode electrospray ionization and negative and positive ion mode laser/desorption ionization. The results from all four techniques were combined to understand changes in DOM chemical formulae. It was concluded that nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds and alkylbenzenes were oxidized by permanganate to form nitrogen-containing aliphatic compounds and benzoic acid-containing compounds. This work highlights how multiple ionization techniques coupled with UHR-MS can enable a more detailed characterization of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana R Laszakovits
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Arpad Somogyi
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Allison A MacKay
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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30
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Liu Y, Cui M, Zhang J, Gao B. Impacts of antibiotic contaminants on Microcystis aeruginosa during potassium permanganate treatment. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 92:101741. [PMID: 32113608 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Application of KMnO4 for preventing the formation of cyanobacterial bloom at early growth stage has not been reported. Antibiotics generate hormesis effects in cyanobacteria at currently reported concentrations, which may negatively affect the control of cyanobacterial bloom. This study assessed the treatment performance of KMnO4 in Microcystis aeruginosa with and without the existence of the antibiotic mixture composed of four simultaneously detected antibiotics in aquatic environments (sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin and tetracycline). KMnO4 downregulated two chlorophyll a synthetases (chlG and chlM), 14 photosynthesis-related proteins and two microcystin synthetases (mcyB and mcyD) in M. aeruginosa, and reduced chlorophyll a content, photosynthetic activity and microcystin concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of photosynthesis and biosynthesis resulted in extended lag phase and decreased growth rate in KMnO4-treated Microcystis aeruginosa. In contrast, mixed antibiotics upregulated 6 oxidation-reduction proteins, a cell division regulatory protein (MAE_37210), 14 photosynthesis-related proteins, 14 biosynthesis-related proteins (including microcystin synthetases mcyA and mcyB) and a microcystin transport protein (mcyH), which consequently reduced oxidative stress, shortened lag phase as well as significantly stimulated (p < 0.05) cyanobacterial growth, photosynthetic activity, microcystin synthesis and microcystin release in KMnO4-treated M. aeruginosa. An optimal dose of 3 mg L-1 was suggested for KMnO4 treatment. Mixed antibiotics should be controlled below a no-impact threshold of 20 ng L-1 (5 ng L-1 for each antibiotic) for eliminating their adverse effects during KMnO4 treatment of cyanobacteria in antibiotics polluted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Mengwen Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Baoyu Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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31
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Dong F, Liu J, Li C, Lin Q, Zhang T, Zhang K, Sharma VK. Ferrate(VI) pre-treatment and subsequent chlorination of blue-green algae: Quantification of disinfection byproducts. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105195. [PMID: 31654918 PMCID: PMC7711035 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Algal organic matter (AOM) from seasonal algal blooms may be an important precursor of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. This paper presents the effect of ferrate(VI) treatment on two blue-green algae, Chlorella sp. and Pseudanabaena limnetica, in eutrophic water. The results demonstrated that Fe(VI) removed the algal cells by causing cell death, apoptosis, and lost integrity, and decreased AOM (in terms of total organic carbon) in water via oxidation and coagulation. Chlorination of the Fe(VI) pre-oxidized algal water samples generated halogenated DBPs (including trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloketones, chloral hydrate, haloacetonitriles, and trichloronitromethane), but the concentrations of DBPs were lower than those formed in the chlorinated samples without pre-treatment by Fe(VI). Higher Fe(VI) dose, longer oxidation time, and alkaline pH were beneficial in controlling DBPs. In bromide-containing algal solutions, negligible amount of bromo-DBPs were generated in the Fe(VI) pre-oxidation, and halogenated DBPs were mainly formed in the subsequent chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Dong
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Cong Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qiufeng Lin
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Virender K Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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32
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Using Advanced Spectroscopy and Organic Matter Characterization to Evaluate the Impact of Oxidation on Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050278. [PMID: 31108999 PMCID: PMC6563301 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking water treatment plants throughout the world are increasingly facing the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in their source waters. During treatment, the oxidation of cyanobacteria changes cell morphology and can potentially lyse cells, releasing intracellular metabolites. In this study, a combination of techniques was applied to better understand the effect of oxidation with chlorine, ozone, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide on two cell cultures (Microcystis, Dolichospermum) in Lake Champlain water. The discrepancy observed between flow cytometry cell viability and cell count numbers was more pronounced for hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate than ozone and chlorine. Liquid chromatography with organic carbon and nitrogen detection was applied to monitor the changes in dissolved organic matter fractions following oxidation. Increases in the biopolymer fraction after oxidation with chlorine and ozone were attributed to the release of intracellular algal organic matter and/or fragmentation of the cell membrane. A novel technique, Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy with Hyperspectral Imaging, was applied to chlorinated and ozonated samples. Significant changes in the peak maxima and number of peaks were observed for the cell walls post-oxidation, but this effect was muted for the cell-bound material, which remained relatively unaltered.
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