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Śniatała B, Al-Hazmi HE, Sobotka D, Zhai J, Mąkinia J. Advancing sustainable wastewater management: A comprehensive review of nutrient recovery products and their applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 937:173446. [PMID: 38788940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater serves as a vital resource for sustainable fertilizer production, particularly in the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This comprehensive study explores the recovery chain, from technology to final product reuse. Biomass growth is the most cost-effective method, valorizing up to 95 % of nutrients, although facing safety concerns. Various techniques enable the recovery of 100 % P and up to 99 % N, but challenges arise during the final product crystallization due to the high solubility of ammonium salts. Among these techniques, chemical precipitation and ammonia stripping/ absorption have achieved full commercialization, with estimated recovery costs of 6.0-10.0 EUR kgP-1 and 4.4-4.8 £ kgN-1, respectively. Multiple technologies integrating biomass thermo-chemical processing and P and/or N have also reached technology readiness level TRL = 9. However, due to maturing regulatory of waste-derived products, not all of their products are commercially available. The non-homogenous nature of wastewater introduces impurities into nutrient recovery products. While calcium and iron impurities may impact product bioavailability, some full-scale P recovery technologies deliver products containing this admixture. Recovered mineral nutrient forms have shown up to 60 % higher yield biomass growth compared to synthetic fertilizers. Life cycle assessment studies confirm the positive environmental outcomes of nutrient recycling from wastewater to agricultural applications. Integration of novel technologies may increase wastewater treatment costs by a few percent, but this can be offset through renewable energy utilization and the sale of recovered products. Moreover, simultaneous nutrient recovery and energy production via bio-electrochemical processes contributes to carbon neutrality achieving. Interdisciplinary cooperation is essential to offset both energy and chemicals inputs, increase their cos-efficiency and optimize technologies and understand the nutrient release patterns of wastewater-derived products on various crops. Addressing non-technological factors, such as legal and financial support, infrastructure redesign, and market-readiness, is crucial for successfully implementation and securing the global food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Śniatała
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jun Zhai
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Jiangsu 213300, China
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Sheik AG, Krishna SBN, Patnaik R, Ambati SR, Bux F, Kumari S. Digitalization of phosphorous removal process in biological wastewater treatment systems: Challenges, and way forward. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119133. [PMID: 38735379 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus in wastewater poses a significant environmental threat, leading to water pollution and eutrophication. However, it plays a crucial role in the water-energy-resource recovery-environment (WERE) nexus. Recovering Phosphorus from wastewater can close the phosphorus loop, supporting circular economy principles by reusing it as fertilizer or in industrial applications. Despite the recognized importance of phosphorus recovery, there is a lack of analysis of the cyber-physical framework concerning the WERE nexus. Advanced methods like automatic control, optimal process technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and life cycle assessment (LCA) have emerged to enhance wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operations focusing on improving effluent quality, energy efficiency, resource recovery, and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Providing insights into implementing modeling and simulation platforms, control, and optimization systems for Phosphorus recovery in WERE (P-WERE) in WWTPs is extremely important in WWTPs. This review highlights the valuable applications of AI algorithms, such as machine learning, deep learning, and explainable AI, for predicting phosphorus (P) dynamics in WWTPs. It emphasizes the importance of using AI to analyze microbial communities and optimize WWTPs for different various objectives. Additionally, it discusses the benefits of integrating mechanistic and data-driven models into plant-wide frameworks, which can enhance GHG simulation and enable simultaneous nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) removal. The review underscores the significance of prioritizing recovery actions to redirect Phosphorus from effluent to reusable products for future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Gaffar Sheik
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Suresh Babu Naidu Krishna
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Reeza Patnaik
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Seshagiri Rao Ambati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, Visakhapatnam, 530003, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Faizal Bux
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
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3
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Gong Y, Zheng X, Liu G, Lam KL. Compiling life cycle inventories for wastewater-derived products. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121439. [PMID: 38520775 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
With the paradigm shift in wastewater management from pollutant removal to resource recovery, more wastewater-derived products are emerging from different recovery pathways. It is becoming increasingly important to understand the potential environmental impacts of these products through life cycle assessment (LCA). This study aims to compile life cycle inventories of wastewater-derived products from the perspective of the product end users (e.g., agricultural sector, packaging industry), and to explore the challenges of their compilation. Using inventories from wastewater resource recovery LCA literature, we compiled an attributional inventory (88 sets) and a consequential inventory (33 sets) of three categories of wastewater-derived products - phosphorus compounds, nitrogen compounds, and biopolymers. The two inventories differ by the choices of system boundary, how foreground systems are being modelled, and how co-products are being handled. We found that while there is a large body of literature related to wastewater resource recovery LCA, very few studies (29 out of 174 for the three categories of products) are suitable for end users to successfully compile inventories of derived products. The inventories were assessed by the technology readiness level assessment, the data quality assessment, and the cumulative energy demand indicator. The inventories can be used directly by end users or served as "screening" inventories for end users to prioritize data collection effort. The identified challenges of inventory compilation include diverse recovery settings, the absence of baseline scenarios, the multifunctional nature of wastewater treatment plants, the lack of inventory transparency and completeness, and low technology readiness level for some recovery pathways. While established or emerging approaches exist to address most of these challenges for end users, wastewater resource recovery LCA practitioners can enhance their assessments to be more end-user-oriented. This can be achieved by including baseline non-recovery scenarios, disclosing detailed life cycle inventory by system components, and assessing a wide variety of operating scenarios. Addressing some of these compilation challenges would enhance the comprehensiveness and quality of wastewater-derived product inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Gong
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China; Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Ka Leung Lam
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, 215316, China.
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4
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Wang Y, Sutton NB, Zheng Y, Dong H, Rijnaarts H. Effect of wheat crops on the persistence and attenuation of antibiotic resistance genes in soil after swine wastewater application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 468:133759. [PMID: 38377902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Swine wastewater (SW) application introduces antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into farmland soils. However, ARG attenuation in SW-fertigated soils, especially those influenced by staple crops and soil type, remains unclear. This study investigated twelve soil ARGs and one mobile genetic element (MGE) in sandy loam, loam, and silt loam soils before and after SW application in wheat-planted and unplanted soils. The results revealed an immediate increase in the abundance of ARGs in soil by two orders of magnitude above background levels following SW application. After SW application, the soil total ARG abundance was attenuated, reaching background levels at 54 days; However, more individual ARGs were detected above the detection limit than pre-application. Among the 13 genes, acc(6')-lb, tetM, and tetO tended to persist in the soil during wheat harvest. ARG half-lives were up to four times longer in wheat-planted soils than in bare soils. Wheat planting decreased the persistence of acc(6')-lb, ermB, ermF, and intI2 but increased the persistence of others such as sul1 and sul2. Soil type had no significant impact on ARG and MGE fates. Our findings emphasize the need for strategic SW application and the consideration of crop cultivation effects to mitigate ARG accumulation in farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O.Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O.Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - YunHao Zheng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O.Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Pereira ASADP, Silva TAD, Magalhães IB, Ferreira J, Braga MQ, Lorentz JF, Assemany PP, Couto EDAD, Calijuri ML. Biocompounds from wastewater-grown microalgae: a review of emerging cultivation and harvesting technologies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170918. [PMID: 38354809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae biomass has attracted attention as a feedstock to produce biofuels, biofertilizers, and pigments. However, the high production cost associated with cultivation and separation stages is a challenge for the microalgae biotechnology application on a large scale. A promising approach to overcome the technical-economic limitations of microalgae production is using wastewater as a nutrient and water source for cultivation. This strategy reduces cultivation costs and contributes to valorizing sanitation resources. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive literature review on the status of microalgae biomass cultivation in wastewater, focusing on production strategies and the accumulation of valuable compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, fatty acids, and pigments. This review also covers emerging techniques for harvesting microalgae biomass cultivated in wastewater, discussing the advantages and limitations of the process, as well as pointing out the main research opportunities. The novelty of the study lies in providing a detailed analysis of state-of-the-art and potential advances in the cultivation and harvesting of microalgae, with a special focus on the use of wastewater and implementing innovative strategies to enhance productivity and the accumulation of compounds. In this context, the work aims to guide future research concerning emerging technologies in the field, emphasizing the importance of innovative approaches in cultivating and harvesting microalgae for advancing knowledge and practical applications in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iara Barbosa Magalhães
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Civil Engineering, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Jessica Ferreira
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Civil Engineering, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Quintão Braga
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Civil Engineering, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Paula Peixoto Assemany
- Federal University of Lavras, Department of Environmental Engineering, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Lúcia Calijuri
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Civil Engineering, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Crovella T, Paiano A, Falciglia PP, Lagioia G, Ingrao C. Wastewater recovery for sustainable agricultural systems in the circular economy - A systematic literature review of Life Cycle Assessments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169310. [PMID: 38123087 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Water availability and quality are known to affect agricultural production and nutrition. The aim of this study was to elaborate a systematic literature review of the most sustainable ways of wastewater treatment towards achieving circular economy (CE) in agro-industry activities. From the SLR, the authors selected twenty-seven papers that they classified into the three research themes of recovery of wastewater into irrigation water, extraction of sludge for production of bio-based compounds, and recovery of nutrients for soil amendment, including recovering of feeds for aquaculture, and recovery of nutrient biosolids for soil amendment. Results underlined that the recovery of nutrients biosolids for soil amendment can generate a GWP gain up to - 37 kg CO2-eq. So, the review highlighted that wastewater recovery for multiple purposes can be truly effective for the environmental sustainability of agricultural systems, and that LCA is a valid tool to assess and improve that sustainability. Under this perspective, this SLR's findings can stimulate public administrations at national and local scales in their planning and funding activities towards implementing circular bioeconomy paths based upon wastewater recovery for a sustainable, resilient agriculture. Overall, the authors believe that their article was effective in overviewing the current wastewater recovery paths in the CE context, and in highlighting key methodological aspects and findings of the reviewed LCAs, to advance the specialised literature and knowledge, and to guide practitioners for future LCA applications in the field. Finally, through its main findings, the article effectively contributes to the whole research project which it is part of and which the authors are deeply involved in. That research is performed under the Progetto GRINS "Growing Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable" thanks to a PNRR M4C2- Investment 1.3 - GRINS with the aim of "Building a dataset for the circular economy of the main Italian production systems".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Crovella
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Paiano
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Falciglia
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Cittadella universitaria, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lagioia
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Ingrao
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica 53, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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7
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Pausta CM, Kalbar P, Saroj D. Life cycle assessment of nutrient recovery strategies from domestic wastewaters to quantify environmental performance and identification of trade-offs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3678. [PMID: 38355901 PMCID: PMC10867002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Increase in anthropogenic activities proliferated the consumption of resources such as phosphorus; and increase the adverse environmental impacts especially eutrophication on water resources such as lakes. Nutrient recovery from domestic wastewaters to produce a fertiliser has been explored to address these challenges in the context of a sustainable circular nutrient economy. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to holistically assess the impacts of integrating a nutrient recovery system on wastewater and water resource management using Laguna de Bay, Philippines as the geographical boundary. The inventory was developed based on the results of the emerging nutrient recovery reactor operations and the application of the recovered fertiliser on the agricultural crops. The LCA results for the proposed scenario showed environmental benefits of about 83.6% freshwater eutrophication, 102.5% terrestrial ecotoxicity, 26.9% water consumption, 100.7% mineral resource scarcity, while the global warming potential is 95.4% higher than the baseline scenario. Results imply policy review for septage management, system optimisation, and evaluation of alternative methods of wastewater management, in terms of life cycle thinking and sustainability across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Mae Pausta
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Pradip Kalbar
- Centre for Urban Science and Engineering (CUSE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Devendra Saroj
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
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Sun X, Hao Z, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhang Y. Advanced capacitive deionization for ion selective separation: Insights into mechanism over a functional classification. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140601. [PMID: 37918536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the diversity and variability of harmful ions in polluted water bodies, the selective removal and separation for specific ions is of great significance in water purification and resource processes. Capacitive deionization (CDI), an emerging desalination technology, shows great potential to selectively remove harmful ionic pollutants and further recover valuable ions because of the simple operation and low energy consumption. Researchers have done a lot of work to investigate ion selectivity utilizing CDI, including both theoretical and experimental studies. Nevertheless, in the investigation of selective mechanisms, phenomena where carbon materials exhibit entirely opposite selectivity require further analysis. Furthermore, there is a need to summarize the specific chemical reaction mechanisms, including the formation of hydrogen bonds, complexation reactions, and ligand exchanges, within selective electrodes, which have not been thoroughly examined in detail previously. In order to fill these gaps, in this review, we summarized the recent progress of CDI technologies for ion selective separation, and explored the selective separation mechanism of CDI from three aspects: selective physical adsorption, specific chemical reaction, and the utilization of selective barriers. Additionally, this review analyzes in detail the formation process of chemical bonds and ion conversion pathways when ions interact with electrode materials. Finally, some significant development prospects and challenges were offered for the future selective CDI systems. We believe the review will provide new insights for researchers in the field of ion selective separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zewei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Zhou X, Bai S, Zhao X, Yang J. From full life cycle assessment to simplified life cycle assessment: A generic methodology applied to sludge treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167149. [PMID: 37739077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment is widely used to evaluate sludge treatment methods. However, detailed life cycle assessment is time-consuming and resource-intensive. In addition, the complex characteristics of sludge and the variety of treatment methods increase the difficulty of sludge treatment life cycle assessment. There is an urgent need to develop simplified life cycle assessment models to allow rapid decision-making. This study proposes a simplified method of sludge treatment life cycle assessment based on logistic regression analysis. The simplified model relies on the total environmental impact and very few or even a single input parameters. Contribution and data quality analysis were introduced to identify key input parameters and to obtain model training data. The method was eventually applied to traditional sludge treatment methods, showing that it can quickly and accurately predict environmental impact. Representative analysis showed that the model would be affected by technology and energy structure modification. It is hoped that this study will provide a reference and new perspectives for a simplified life cycle assessment of sludge treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
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Mishima I, Yoshikawa N, Asakawa S, Noguchi Y, Amano K. Life-cycle analysis of environmental loads from household septic systems in Japan focusing on effluent water discharge. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:2719-2732. [PMID: 38096064 PMCID: wst_2023_370 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Various types of small-scale wastewater treatment systems are widely used in rural areas, and life-cycle assessment (LCA) should be performed to evaluate their environmental performance. In this study, septic systems were first classified into five categories based on their wastewater treatment performance. Effluent samples from actual systems were collected, and their water qualities were determined. A model to evaluate the environmental load from the septic systems using LCA methods was then established. The water-quality values obtained were input to the model, and the life-cycle environmental costs of the classified septic systems were calculated. The mean environmental load of the effluent during the operation stage was 37.6%, confirming that evaluation of an effluent discharge inventory using LCA, inspection, and water-quality monitoring to improve operations is critical for reducing the environmental load. The operation stage accounts for over 99% of the involved eutrophication, biological toxicity, and toxic chemicals, which are strongly related to the quality of the effluent. Evaluation of the effluent discharge inventory using LCA is of great significance, even for small-scale wastewater treatment systems. The set of procedures developed in this study can be used to calculate comprehensive environmental impacts at wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iori Mishima
- Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo 347-0115, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan E-mail:
| | - Naoki Yoshikawa
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone 522-8533, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Susumu Asakawa
- Saitama-ken Environmental Analysis and Research Association, 1450-11 Kamiko Omiya, Saitama 330-0855, Japan
| | - Yuji Noguchi
- Saitama-ken Environmental Analysis and Research Association, 1450-11 Kamiko Omiya, Saitama 330-0855, Japan
| | - Koji Amano
- College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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Vinardell S, Luis Cortina J, Valderrama C. Environmental and economic evaluation of implementing membrane technologies and struvite crystallisation to recover nutrients from anaerobic digestion supernatant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129326. [PMID: 37315623 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates the environmental and economic feasibility of implementing membrane technologies and struvite crystallisation (SC) for nutrient recovery from the anaerobic digestion supernatant. To this end, one scenario combining partial-nitritation/Anammox and SC was compared with three scenarios combining membrane technologies and SC. The combination of ultrafiltration, SC and liquid-liquid membrane contactor (LLMC) was the less environmentally impactful scenario. SC and LLMC were the most important environmental and economic contributors in those scenarios using membrane technologies. The economic evaluation illustrated that combining ultrafiltration, SC and LLMC (with or without reverse osmosis pre-concentration) featured the lowest net cost. The sensitivity analysis highlighted that the consumption of chemicals for nutrient recovery and the ammonium sulphate recovered had a large impact on environmental and economic balances. Overall, these results demonstrate that implementing membrane technologies and SC for nutrient recovery can improve the economic and environmental implications of future municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Luis Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - César Valderrama
- Chemical Engineering Department, Escola d'Enginyeria de Barcelona Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)-BarcelonaTECH, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Barrera L, Silcox R, Giammalvo K, Brower E, Isip E, Bala Chandran R. Combined Effects of Concentration, pH, and Polycrystalline Copper Surfaces on Electrocatalytic Nitrate-to-Ammonia Activity and Selectivity. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Barrera
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Rachel Silcox
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Katherine Giammalvo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Erika Brower
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Emily Isip
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Rohini Bala Chandran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
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13
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Pasciucco F, Pecorini I, Iannelli R. A comparative LCA of three WWTPs in a tourist area: Effects of seasonal loading rate variations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160841. [PMID: 36526170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the wastewater treatment is a fundamental utility for the protection of human health and the environment, non-evident drawbacks are associated with it. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in tourist areas generally suffer from the seasonal increase in wastewater flow-rate and associated pollution loads. In this study, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three medium-size urban WWTPs, located in a tourist area in central Italy, was carried out. The study compared the environmental impacts generated by 1 m3 of treated wastewater in low season (LS) and high season (HS). All the material and energy flows involved in the operational phase of wastewater treatment were considered within the system boundaries, including the disposal or recovery treatment of the waste streams generated by the WWTPs, namely screenings, waste from grit removal and wastewater sludge. The analysis was conducted using almost only real data from full-scale plants. In each WWTP, the environmental impacts produced in HS were higher than those generated in LS; therefore, the environmental impacts increased as the loading rate increased. Furthermore, a correlation between WWTP size and environmental performance was observed. Indeed, in 8 out of 11 environmental indicators, the percentage increase in pollutant emissions due to wastewater treatment in HS decreased as the WWTP size increased. Results revealed that larger WWTPs suffered less from seasonal loading rate variations, showing greater flexibility. The existence of a scale factor suggests that the centralization of WWTPs in tourist areas can be an option to enable better treatment performance in terms of environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis was performed, increasing N2O emission factors from wastewater treatment in LS: considering a 75 % increase, the outcomes found in default LCA were not confirmed. Future research should investigate the operational factors and biological mechanisms that most affect wastewater treatment when significant seasonal variations are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pasciucco
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Isabella Pecorini
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Renato Iannelli
- Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering (DESTEC), University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Sniatala B, Kurniawan TA, Sobotka D, Makinia J, Othman MHD. Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159283. [PMID: 36208738 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985-2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO43- ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Sniatala
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Dominika Sobotka
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Makinia
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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15
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Nagy J, Do Thi HT, Toth AJ. Life Cycle, PESTLE and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis of Membrane Contactor-Based Nitrogen Recovery Process. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:87. [PMID: 36676894 PMCID: PMC9865621 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients in the biosphere, and it is an essential nutrient for plant growth. Nitrogen exists in the atmosphere vastly as a gaseous form, but only reactive nitrogen is usable for plants. It is a valuable resource and worth recovering in the wastewater sector. The aim of this work was to prepare a comprehensive environmental analysis of a novel membrane contactor-based process, which is capable of highly efficient nitrogen removal from wastewater. Life cycle assessment (LCA), PESTLE and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) were applied to evaluate the process. The EF 3.0 method, preferred by the European Commission, IMPACT World+, ReCiPe 2016 and IPCC 2021 GWP100 methods were used with six different energy resources-electricity high voltage, solar, nuclear, heat and power and wind energy. The functional unit of 1 m3 of water product was considered as output and "gate-to-gate" analysis was examined. The results of our study show that renewable energy resources cause a significantly lower environmental load than traditional energy resources. TOPSIS score was used to evaluate the alternatives in the case of MCDA. For the EU region, the most advantageous option was found to be wind energy onshore with a score of 0.76, and the following, nuclear, was 0.70.
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16
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Ochs P, Martin B, Germain-Cripps E, Stephenson T, van Loosdrecht M, Soares A. Techno-economic analysis of sidestream ammonia removal technologies: Biological options versus thermal stripping. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 13:100220. [PMID: 36437889 PMCID: PMC9691913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, various commercial technologies have been deployed to remove ammonia (NH4-N) from anaerobic digestion (AD) liquors. In recent years many anaerobic digesters have been upgraded to include a pre-treatment, such as the thermal hydrolysis process (THP), to produce more biogas, increasing NH4-N concentrations in the liquors are costly to treat. This study provides a comparative techno-economic assessment of sidestream technologies to remove NH4-N from conventional AD and THP/AD dewatering liquors: a deammonification continuous stirred tank reactor (PNA), a nitrification/denitrification sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and thermal ammonia stripping process with an ammonia scrubber (STRIP). The SBR and PNA were based on full-scale data, whereas the STRIP was designed using a computational approach to achieve NH4-N removals of 90-95%. The PNA presented the lowest whole-life cost (WLC) over 40 years, with £7.7 M, while the STRIP had a WLC of £43.9 M. This study identified that THP dewatering liquors, and thus a higher ammonia load, can lead to a 1.5-3.0 times increase in operational expenditure with the PNA and the SBR. Furthermore, this study highlighted that deammonification is a capable and cost-effective nitrogen removal technology. Processes like the STRIP respond to current pressures faced by the water industry on ammonia recovery together with targets to reduce nitrous oxide emissions. Nevertheless, ammonia striping-based processes must further be demonstrated in WWTPs and WLC reduced to grant their wide implementation and replace existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ochs
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
- Thames Water, Reading STW, Island Road, RG2 0RP, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Martin
- Thames Water, Reading STW, Island Road, RG2 0RP, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Germain-Cripps
- Thames Water, Reading STW, Island Road, RG2 0RP, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Stephenson
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van Loosdrecht
- Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Ana Soares
- Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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17
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Amann A, Weber N, Krampe J, Rechberger H, Peer S, Zessner M, Zoboli O. Systematic data-driven exploration of Austrian wastewater and sludge treatment - implications for phosphorus governance, costs and environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157401. [PMID: 35872185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Within the new policy framework shaped by the EU Green Deal and the Circular Economy Action Plans, the field of wastewater and sludge treatment in Europe is subject to high expectations and new challenges related to mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, micropollutant removal and resource recovery. With respect to phosphorus recovery, several technologies and processes have been thoroughly investigated. Nevertheless, a systemic and detailed understanding of the existing infrastructure and of the related environmental and economic implications is missing. Such basis is essential to avoid unwanted consequences in designing new strategies, given the long lifespan of any infrastructural change. This study couples a newly collected and highly detailed database for all wastewater treatment plants in Austria bigger than 2000 population equivalent with a combination of analyses, namely Substance Flow Analysis with focus on nutrient and metal distribution in different environmental and anthropogenic compartments, Energy Flow Analysis, Life Cycle Assessment and cost estimation. The case study of Austria is of special interest, given its highly autonomous administration in federal states and its contrasting traits, ranging from flat metropolitan areas like Vienna to low-populated alpine areas. The significant impact of electricity demand of wastewater treatment on the overall Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) shows the importance of optimization measures. Further, the current system of wastewater and sludge disposal have a low efficiency in recovering nutrients and in directing pollutants as heavy metals into final sinks. Sludge composting with subsequent use in landscaping does not only show an unfavorable environmental balance, but it is the only relevant route leading to additional CED and Global Warming Potential emissions and to the highest transport volume. Altogether, the outcomes of this study provide a sound basis to further develop national strategies for resource recovery aimed to optimize trade-offs between different economic and environmental objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabel Amann
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolaus Weber
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Rechberger
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Waste and Resource Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-2, Vienna 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Peer
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, Research Unit of Water Quality Management, Karlsplatz 13/E226-1, Vienna, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Goh PS, Ahmad NA, Lim JW, Liang YY, Kang HS, Ismail AF, Arthanareeswaran G. Microalgae-Enabled Wastewater Remediation and Nutrient Recovery through Membrane Photobioreactors: Recent Achievements and Future Perspective. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1094. [PMID: 36363649 PMCID: PMC9699475 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of microalgae for wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery answers the call for a circular bioeconomy, which involves waste resource utilization and ecosystem protection. The integration of microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment has been proposed as a promising strategy to tackle the issues of water and energy source depletions. Specifically, microalgae-enabled wastewater treatment offers an opportunity to simultaneously implement wastewater remediation and valuable biomass production. As a versatile technology, membrane-based processes have been increasingly explored for the integration of microalgae-based wastewater remediation. This review provides a literature survey and discussion of recent progressions and achievements made in the development of membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) for wastewater treatment and nutrient recovery. The opportunities of using microalgae-based wastewater treatment as an interesting option to manage effluents that contain high levels of nutrients are explored. The innovations made in the design of membrane photobioreactors and their performances are evaluated. The achievements pave a way for the effective and practical implementation of membrane technology in large-scale microalgae-enabled wastewater remediation and nutrient recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Akalili Ahmad
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Siang Kang
- Marine Technology Centre, Institute for Vehicle System & Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gangasalam Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
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19
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Yadav A, Rene ER, Sharma M, Jatain I, Mandal MK, Dubey KK. Valorization of wastewater to recover value-added products: A comprehensive insight and perspective on different technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113957. [PMID: 35932829 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, due to rapid globalization and urbanization, the demand for fuels, energy, water and nutrients has been continuously increasing. To meet the future need of the society, wastewater is a prominent and emerging source for resource recovery. It provides an opportunity to recover valuable resources in the form of energy, fertilizers, electricity, nutrients and other products. The aim of this review is to elaborate the scientific literature on the valorization of wastewater using wide range of treatment technologies and reduce the existing knowledge gap in the field of resource recovery and water reuse. Several versatile, resilient environmental techniques/technologies such as ion exchange, bioelectrochemical, adsorption, electrodialysis, solvent extraction, etc. are employed for the extraction of value-added products from waste matrices. Since the last two decades, valuable resources such as polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), matrix or polymers, cellulosic fibers, syngas, biodiesel, electricity, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, enzymes and a wide range of platform chemicals have been recovered from wastewater. In this review, the aspects related to the persisting global water issues, the technologies used for the recovery of different products and/or by-products, economic sustainability of the technologies and the challenges encountered during the valorization of wastewater are discussed comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Yadav
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Indu Jatain
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Mrinal Kanti Mandal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, West Bengal, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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20
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Rufí-Salís M, Petit-Boix A, Leipold S, Villalba G, Rieradevall J, Moliné E, Gabarrell X, Carrera J, Suárez-Ojeda ME. Increasing resource circularity in wastewater treatment: Environmental implications of technological upgrades. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156422. [PMID: 35662600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A paradigm shift is needed in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to progress from traditional pollutant removal to resource recovery. However, whether this transformation produces overall environmental benefits will depend on the efficient and sustainable use of resources by emerging technologies. Given that many of these technologies are still being tested at the pilot scale, there is a lack of environmental assessments quantifying their impacts and benefits. In particular, an integrated approach to energy and nutrient recovery can elucidate the potential configurations for WWTPs. In this study, we conduct a life cycle assessment (LCA) of emergent wastewater treatment technologies aimed at increasing resource circularity in WWTPs. We focus on increasing energy self-sufficiency through biogas upgrades and a more radical circular approach aimed at nutrient recovery. Based on a case-study WWTP, we compare its current configuration with (1) implementing autotrophic nitrogen removal in the mainstream and deriving most of the organic matter for biogas production, which increases the quality and quantity of biogas available for energy production; (2) implementing struvite recovery through enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) as a radical approach to phosphorus management, offering an alternative to mineral fertilizer; and (3) a combination of both approaches. The results show that incremental changes in biogas production are insufficient for compensating for the environmental investment in infrastructure, although autotrophic nitrogen removal is beneficial for increasing the quality of the effluent. Combined phosphorus and energy recovery reduce the environmental impacts from the avoided use of fertilizers and phosphorus and the nitrogen release into water bodies. An integrated approach to resource management in WWTPs is thus desirable and creates new opportunities toward the implementation of circular strategies with low environmental impact in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Rufí-Salís
- Sostenipra, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Unidad de excelencia "María de Maeztu" (MDM-2015-0552), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Petit-Boix
- Sostenipra, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Unidad de excelencia "María de Maeztu" (MDM-2015-0552), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sina Leipold
- Department of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Chair of Environmental Politics, University of Jena, Bachstr. 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Unidad de excelencia "María de Maeztu" (MDM-2015-0552), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Rieradevall
- Sostenipra, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Unidad de excelencia "María de Maeztu" (MDM-2015-0552), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Moliné
- Depuración de Aguas del Mediterráneo (DAM), Guglielmo Marconi, 11 piso 2°, 10 despacho 19, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Unidad de excelencia "María de Maeztu" (MDM-2015-0552), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carrera
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Suárez-Ojeda
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Escola d'Enginyeria, c/de les Sitges s/n, Edifici Q, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Lima PDM, Lopes TADS, Queiroz LM, McConville JR. Resource-oriented sanitation: Identifying appropriate technologies and environmental gains by coupling Santiago software and life cycle assessment in a Brazilian case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155777. [PMID: 35545164 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of resource recovery technologies is becoming increasingly important, as humans are exhausting the world's natural resources. Recovering nutrients and water from wastewater treatment systems will play an important role in changing the current trends towards a circular economy. However, guidance is still needed to determine the most appropriate way to do this. In this study two decision-support tools, sanitation planning software (Santiago) and life cycle assessment (LCA), were applied to identify appropriate technologies and their environmental impacts. As a case study, current and alternative scenarios for a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Campo Grande, west-central Brazil, were used. Among 12 scenarios provided by Santiago for efficient nutrient recovery, eight were selected for further assessment. The current WWTP system (UASB reactors) resulted in the highest negative impacts in two of nine assessment categories (freshwater and marine eutrophication), due to nutrient discharge to water. A source separation scenario with urine stored in a urine bank and co-composting of feces showed best overall performance. Electricity consumption played a crucial role for impacts in several categories, while water consumption was not significantly affected by choice of toilet. One Santiago scenario matched the most appropriate scenario with the best environmental performance, but the other seven scenarios were not as beneficial, indicating a need for some adjustments in the software. These results highlight the importance of performing LCA to compare alternative scenarios, even when using a tool designed to identify locally appropriate technologies. The results also indicate that the current wastewater treatment system has reasonable environmental performance, but could be improved if measures were taken to recover energy and reuse water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila de Morais Lima
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | | | - Jennifer Rae McConville
- Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Almas Allé 8, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Lam KL, Solon K, Jia M, Volcke EIP, van der Hoek JP. Life Cycle Environmental Impacts of Wastewater-Derived Phosphorus Products: An Agricultural End-User Perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10289-10298. [PMID: 35796480 PMCID: PMC9301919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recovering phosphorus from wastewater in more concentrated forms has potential to sustainably recirculate phosphorus from cities to agriculture. The environmental sustainability of wastewater-based phosphorus recovery processes or wastewater-derived phosphorus products can be evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). Many LCA studies used a process perspective to account for the impacts of integrating phosphorus recovery processes at wastewater treatment plants, while some used a product perspective to assess the impacts of producing wastewater-derived phosphorus products. We demonstrated the application of an end-user perspective by assessing life cycle environmental impacts of substituting half of the conventional phosphorus rock-based fertilizers used in three crop production systems with wastewater-derived phosphorus products from six recovery pathways (RPs). The consequential LCA results show that the substitution reduces global warming potential, eutrophication potential, ecotoxicity potential, and acidification potential of the assessed crop production systems in most RPs and scenarios. The end-user perspective introduced in this study can (i) complement with the process perspective and the product perspective to give a more holistic picture of environmental impacts along the "circular economy value chains" of wastewater-based resource recovery, (ii) enable systemwide assessment of wide uptake of wastewater-derived products, and (iii) draw attention to understanding the long-term environmental impacts of using wastewater-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Leung Lam
- Department
of Water Management, Delft University of
Technology, Stevinweg
1, Delft 2628 CN, The Netherlands
- Division
of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan
University, 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215316, China
- ,
| | - Kimberly Solon
- BioCo
Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Mingsheng Jia
- BioCo
Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveline I. P. Volcke
- BioCo
Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department
of Water Management, Delft University of
Technology, Stevinweg
1, Delft 2628 CN, The Netherlands
- Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, Amsterdam 1096 AC, The Netherlands
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23
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Ravi R, Beyers M, Bruun S, Meers E. Life cycle assessment of struvite recovery and wastewater sludge end-use: A Flemish illustration. RESOURCES, CONSERVATION, AND RECYCLING 2022; 182:106325. [PMID: 35782309 PMCID: PMC9093075 DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate rock (PR) has been designated as a Critical Raw Material in the European Union (EU). This has led to increased emphasis on alternative P recovery (APR) from secondary streams like wastewater sludge (WWS). However, WWS end-use is a contentious topic, and EU member states prefer different end-use pathways (land application/incineration/valorisation in cement kilns). Previous Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) on APRs from WWS reached contrasting conclusions; while most considered WWS as waste and highlighted a net benefit relative to PR mining and beneficiation, others viewed WWS as a resource and highlighted a net burden of the treatment. We used a combined functional unit (that views WWS from a waste as well as a resource perspective) and applied it on a Flemish wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with struvite recovery as APR technology. Firstly, a retrospective comparison was performed to measure the WWTP performance before and after struvite recovery and the analysis was complemented by uncertainty and global sensitivity analyses. The results showed struvite recovery provides marginal environmental benefits due to improved WWS dewatering and reduced polymer use. Secondly, a prospective LCA approach was performed to reflect policy changes regarding WWS end-use options in Flanders. Results indicated complete mono-incineration of WWS, ash processing to recover P and the subsequent land application appears to be less sustainable in terms of climate change, human toxicity, and terrestrial acidification relative to the status quo, i.e., co-incineration with municipal solid waste and valorisation at cement kilns. Impacts on fossil depletion, however, favour mono-incineration over the status quo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Ravi
- RE-SOURCE LAB, Laboratory for BioResource Recovery, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links-653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Miriam Beyers
- RE-SOURCE LAB, Laboratory for BioResource Recovery, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links-653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Sander Bruun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Erik Meers
- RE-SOURCE LAB, Laboratory for BioResource Recovery, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links-653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
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24
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Yang C, Zhang J, Zhang B, Liu D, Jia J, Li F, Song H. Engineering Shewanella carassii, a newly isolated exoelectrogen from activated sludge, to enhance methyl orange degradation and bioelectricity harvest. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:918-927. [PMID: 35664929 PMCID: PMC9149024 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroactive microorganisms (EAMs) play important roles in biogeochemical redox processes and have been of great interest in the fields of energy recovery, waste treatment, and environmental remediation. However, the currently identified EAMs are difficult to be widely used in complex and diverse environments, due to the existence of poor electron transfer capability, weak environmental adaptability, and difficulty with engineering modifications, etc. Therefore, rapid and efficient screening of high performance EAMs from environments is an effective strategy to facilitate applications of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, to achieve efficient degradation of methyl orange (MO) by MFC and electricity harvest, a more efficient exoelectrogen Shewanella carassii-D5 that belongs to Shewanella spp. was first isolated from activated sludge by WO3 nanocluster probe technique. Physiological properties experiments confirmed that S. carassii-D5 is a Gram-negative strain with rounded colonies and smooth, slightly reddish surface, which could survive in media containing lactate at 30 °C. Moreover, we found that S. carassii-D5 exhibited remarkable MO degradation ability, which could degrade 66% of MO within 72 h, 1.7 times higher than that of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Electrochemical measurements showed that MFCs inoculated with S. carassii-D5 could generate a maximum power density of 704.6 mW/m2, which was 5.6 times higher than that of S. oneidensis MR-1. Further investigation of the extracellular electron transfer (EET) mechanism found that S. carassii-D5 strain had high level of c-type cytochromes and strong biofilm formation ability compared with S. oneidensis MR-1, thus facilitating direct EET. Therefore, to enhance indirect electron transfer and MO degradation capacity, a synthetic gene cluster ribADEHC encoding riboflavin synthesis pathway from Bacillus subtilis was heterologously expressed in S. carassii-D5, increasing riboflavin yield from 1.9 to 9.0 mg/g DCW with 1286.3 mW/m2 power density output in lactate fed-MFCs. Furthermore, results showed that the high EET rate endowed a faster degradation efficient of MO from 66% to 86% with a maximum power density of 192.3 mW/m2, which was 1.3 and 1.6 times higher than that of S. carassii-D5, respectively. Our research suggests that screening and engineering high-efficient EAMs from sludge is a feasible strategy in treating organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Junqi Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dingyuan Liu
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jichao Jia
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Feng Li
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266200, China
- Corresponding author. Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Song
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Qingdao Institute Ocean Engineering of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Qingdao, 266200, China
- Corresponding author. Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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25
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Estévez S, González-García S, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. How decentralized treatment can contribute to the symbiosis between environmental protection and resource recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:151485. [PMID: 34742805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Challenges associated with the sustainability of the water cycle pose new opportunities for resource recovery and greater environmental protection. While centralized wastewater treatment plants must evolve in their design and operation to adapt to a scenario of increasing demand for water, resources and energy, the decentralized approach emerges as an option to be considered in small communities or developing residential areas where bioenergy production can be improved through the recovery of organic matter in segregated streams or where the investment in the sewer network for connection to a centralized facility may be technologically or economically unfeasible. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the environmental and economic profile of a hybrid-decentralized configuration for the purpose of efficient wastewater management and resource recovery and its comparative evaluation with the centralized treatment scenario. Beyond water reclamation, decentralized treatment offers the possibility of valorization of digestate streams as nutrient sources for horticultural or ornamental crops in the vicinity of the plant. Based on the results of the environmental profile, this manuscript shows that the decentralized treatment approach is in line with the philosophy and guidelines of the circular economy, as it allows the use of reclaimed water and biofertilizers under safe and environmental-friendly conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Estévez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sara González-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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26
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Kuznetsova YV, Vol’khin VV, Permyakova IA. Synthesis of Struvite in Aqueous-Salt Systems in which Competing Phases of Magnesium Phosphate Crystal Hydrates of Different Compositions Can Be Formed. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221110021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Clark B, Gilles G, Tarpeh WA. Resin-Mediated pH Control of Metal-Loaded Ligand Exchangers for Selective Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewaters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22950-22964. [PMID: 35166118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective separation materials that recover total ammonia nitrogen (i.e., ammonia plus ammonium, or TAN) from wastewaters as a pure product can supplement energy-intensive ammonia production and incentivize pollution mitigation. We recently demonstrated that commercial acrylate cation exchange polymer resins loaded with transition metal cations, or metal-loaded ligand exchangers, can recover TAN from wastewater with high selectivity (TAN/K+ equilibrium selectivity of 10.1) via metal-ammine bond formation. However, the TAN adsorption efficiency required further improvement (35%), and the optimal concentration and pH ranges were limited by both low ammonia fractions and an insufficiently strong resin carboxylate-metal bond that caused metal elution. To overcome these deficiencies, we used a zinc-acrylate ligand exchange resin and a tertiary amine acrylic weak base resin (pH buffer resin) together to achieve resin-mediated pH control for optimal adsorption conditions. The high buffer capacity around pH 9 facilitated gains in the adsorbed TAN per ligand resin mass that enhanced the TAN adsorption efficiency to greater than 90%, and constrained zinc elution (below 0.01% up to 1 M TAN) because of decreased ammonia competition for zinc-carboxylate bonds. During TAN recovery, resin-mediated pH buffering facilitated recovery of greater than 99% of adsorbed TAN with 0.2% zinc elution, holding the pH low enough to favor ammonium but high enough to prevent carboxylate protonation. For selective ion separation, solid phase buffers outperform aqueous buffers because the initial solution pH, the buffering capacity, and the ion purity can be independently controlled. Finally, because preserving the resin-zinc bond is crucial to sustained ligand exchange performance, the properties of an ideal ligand resin functional group were investigated to improve the properties beyond those of carboxylate. Ultimately, ligand exchange adsorbents combined with solid pH buffers can advance the selective recovery of nitrogen and potentially other solutes from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Clark
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Genesis Gilles
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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28
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Ramya M, Senthil Kumar P. A review on recent advancements in bioenergy production using microbial fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132512. [PMID: 34634275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The generation of energy and its efficient use in industries and agriculture are critical to any country's growth. A country like India, which is still developing, faces a major challenge in terms of generating adequate electricity. With the current crisis and environmental concerns, the government must look past carbon-based energy sources and into long-term energy sources. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a form of technology that can be used to both treat wastewater and generate electricity on a large scale. Researchers play a critical role in making this technology practical and effective enough to be implemented. However, since the charge of building microbial fuel cells is superior than the cost of fossil fuels, it is unlikely that power production will continually be aggressive with existing energy generation approaches. However, improvements in power densities and lower material expenses could render microbial fuel cells a viable option for energy making in the future. Following a thorough literature review, the analysis resumes the role of micro-organisms and substrates in the anode chamber. Microbial fuel cells are discussed in terms of their forms, materials, mechanism, and activity. This analysis discusses the various factors that influence microbial fuel cells, as well as contemporary challenges and applications in the development of sustainable electrical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India.
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29
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Herrera A, D’Imporzano G, Zilio M, Pigoli A, Rizzi B, Meers E, Schouman O, Schepis M, Barone F, Giordano A, Adani F. Environmental Performance in the Production and Use of Recovered Fertilizers from Organic Wastes Treated by Anaerobic Digestion vs Synthetic Mineral Fertilizers. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:986-997. [PMID: 35087697 PMCID: PMC8785226 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recovered fertilizers (RFs), in the form of digestate and digestate-derived ammonium sulfate, were produced from organic wastes by thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) at full scale. RFs were then used for crop production (maize), substituting synthetic mineral fertilizers (SFs). Environmental impacts due to both RF and SF production and use were studied by a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach using, as much as possible, data directly measured at full scale. The functional unit chosen was referred to as the fertilization of 1 ha of maize, as this paper intends to investigate the impacts of the use of RF (Scenario RF) for crop fertilization compared to that of SF (Scenario SF). Scenario RF showed better environmental performances than the system encompassing the production and use of urea and synthetic fertilizers (Scenario SF). In particular, for the Scenario RF, 11 of the 18 categories showed a lower impact than the Scenario SF, and 3 of the categories (ionizing radiation, fossil resource scarcity, and water consumption) showed net negative impacts in Scenario RF, getting the benefits from the credit for renewable energy production by AD. The LCA approach also allowed proposing precautions able to reduce further fertilizer impacts, resulting in total negative impacts in using RF for crop production. Anaerobic digestion represents the key to propose a sustainable approach in producing renewable fertilizers, thanks to both energy production and the modification that occurs to waste during a biological process, leaving a substrate (digestate) with high amending and fertilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Herrera
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuliana D’Imporzano
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Zilio
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Pigoli
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Rizzi
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Erik Meers
- Department
of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Oscar Schouman
- Alterra,
Part of Wageningen UR, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Micol Schepis
- Acqua
& Sole s.r.l., Via
Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini, PV, Italy
| | - Federica Barone
- Acqua
& Sole s.r.l., Via
Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini, PV, Italy
| | - Andrea Giordano
- Acqua
& Sole s.r.l., Via
Giulio Natta, 27010 Vellezzo Bellini, PV, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo
Ricicla—DiSAA, Università
degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
- . Phone: +3902-50316545
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30
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Khalid ZB, Karim A, Jadhav P, Mishra P, Wahid ZBA, Nasrullah M. Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of biochar use in anaerobic digestion for biogas production. TECHNO-ECONOMICS AND LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF BIOREACTORS 2022:185-206. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89848-5.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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31
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Poornima R, Suganya K, Sebastian SP. Biosolids towards Back-To-Earth alternative concept (BEA) for environmental sustainability: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3246-3287. [PMID: 34741269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biosolids are a nutrient-rich stable substance obtained during wastewater treatment process. With amplifying population and industrial development, upsurge of biosolid generation is also speculated. Biosolids are endowed with essential plant nutrient (macro- and micro-nutrients) which qualifies them to be used as soil amendment and in turn dwindles the use of chemical fertilizers. The characteristics of biosolid depends on the nature of the treatment process. In this regard, it would be possible to recycle certain nutrients from the agricultural use of biosolids and could be a sustainable solution to the management of this waste. Biosolids may therefore serve as a key tool for farm utilization. It improves the soil health through nutrient supply and promotes the plant growth. Furthermore, they are slow-release fertilizer and hence, restrains from groundwater contamination. This review, in a nutshell, unravels the influence of biosolids on land application, its effect on soil properties, agricultural and horticultural crops, environmental ramification of biosolids in restoring the degraded land and carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Poornima
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathirvel Suganya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Selvaraj Paul Sebastian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kudumiyanmalai, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India
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32
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Yu B, Xiao X, Wang J, Hong M, Deng C, Li YY, Liu J. Enhancing phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes: Current status and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125899. [PMID: 34523558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic-based processes are green and sustainable technologies for phosphorus (P) recovery from sewage sludges economically and are promising in practical application. However, the P release efficiency is always not satisfied. In this paper, the P release mechanisms (regarding to different P species) from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes are systematically summarized. The obstacles of P release and the updated achievements of enhancing P release from sewage sludges are analyzed and discussed. It can be concluded that different P species can release from sewage sludge via different anaerobic-based processes. Extracellular polymeric substances and excessive metal ions are the two main limiting factors to P release. Acid fermentation and anaerobic fermentation with sulfate reduction could be two promising ways, with P release efficiencies of up to 64% and 63%. Based on the summarization and discussion, perspectives on practical application of P recovery from sewage sludge using anaerobic-based processes are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangmin Xiao
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Meng Hong
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Cangzhou Water Supply and Drainage Group Company Limited, 15 West Jiuhe Road, Canghzou, Hebei Province 061001, China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Jianyong Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China.
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33
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Rodríguez C, Sánchez R, Rebolledo N, Schneider N, Serrano J, Leiva E. Life cycle assessment of greywater treatment systems for water-reuse management in rural areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148687. [PMID: 34328912 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a major concern worldwide. Population growth, as well as the intensive use of water resources for industrial and agricultural activities, among others, have caused water stress in various regions of the world. Rural areas are usually more affected due to water scarcity and a lack of sanitary infrastructure. The current practices associated with urban water management have been considered inefficient to respond to these problems. In recent years, the reuse of greywater has emerged as a promising and sustainable alternative. Several pilot greywater treatment systems have been implemented in rural areas of different countries, however, studies about the environmental impacts of these decentralized systems under different scenarios are lacking. In this work, the life cycle assessment of greywater treatment systems considering several scenarios was studied. Our results showed that the decrease in environmental impacts due to the saving of drinking water is more evident when the water supply is carried out through cistern trucks. This occurs because the environmental impact of land transport of water is extremely high and represents over 89% of the global warming indicator [kg CO2 eq] and 96% ozone depletion [kg CFC-11 eq] contributions of the system. Greywater treatment systems with backwashing and solar panels as a source of energy have lower environmental impacts, reducing CO2 and CFC emissions by 50% for the maintenance phase and by 85% (CO2) and 47% (CFC) for the operation phase. Furthermore, the acquisition of solar panels was economically feasible, with a payback of 19.7 years. This analysis showed the environmental feasibility of small-scale greywater treatment systems in rural areas affected by water scarcity. Furthermore, the proposed approach has contributed to understand the impact of greywater treatment systems in rural areas, which could become a support tool to integrate greywater reuse practices in different communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rafael Sánchez
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 7820436, Chile.
| | - Natalia Rebolledo
- Fundación un Alto en el Desierto, Omar Elorza 704, Ovalle 1842274, Chile.
| | - Nicolás Schneider
- Fundación un Alto en el Desierto, Omar Elorza 704, Ovalle 1842274, Chile.
| | - Jennyfer Serrano
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Santiago 8580745, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Leiva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul 7820436, Santiago, Chile.
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Gómez-Román C, Sabucedo JM, Alzate M, Medina B. Environmental Concern Priming and Social Acceptance of Sustainable Technologies: The Case of Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems. Front Psychol 2021; 12:647406. [PMID: 34603115 PMCID: PMC8481576 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.647406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a report by the World Economic Forum, the water crisis is the fourth most serious global risk to society. The apparent limitations of the hydraulic paradigm to solving this crisis are leading to a change in water management approaches. Recently, decentralized wastewater treatment systems have re-emerged as a partial solution to this problem. However, to implement these systems successfully, it is necessary not only to design this technology but also to have social support and willingness among citizens to use it. Previous studies have shown that these technologies are often perceived as being too costly, and people often do not consider the need for adopting them. However, it has also been pointed out that thinking about these technologies as a sustainable endeavor to reduce human impact on the environment can help to overcome the barriers to usage. Thus, we test whether priming environmental concerns before presenting information about decentralized wastewater treatment plants will increase acceptance of those technologies. In this study, we test whether priming environmental concerns can enhance the acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment plants even when presenting disadvantages of the technology. In order to do so, we designed an experimental study with a sample of 287 people (85.7% women, M age=20, 28). The experimental design was 2 (priming the environmental concern vs. no priming)×2 (type of information: only advantages vs. advantages and disadvantages). The results showed that those in the environmental concern priming condition had more positive attitudes and behavioral intentions toward decentralized wastewater treatment plants than those in the control condition group. Participants who received only advantages information had a more positive perception toward the decentralized wastewater systems than in the condition, where disadvantages were present, but in the priming condition this difference was not significant. This implies that priming environmental concern helps to overcome the possible disadvantages that act as barriers to acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gómez-Román
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic and Methodology, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Sabucedo
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic and Methodology, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mónica Alzate
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic and Methodology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Medina
- Water, Environment and Business for Development (WE&B), Barcelona, Spain
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Bryant C, Coats ER. Integrating dairy manure for enhanced resource recovery at a WRRF: Environmental life cycle and pilot-scale analyses. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:2034-2050. [PMID: 33877720 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Twin Falls, Idaho wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), currently operates solely to achieve regulatory permit compliance. Research was conducted to evaluate conversion of the WWTP to a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) and to assess the WRRF environmental sustainability; process configurations were evaluated to produce five resources-reclaimed water, biosolids, struvite, biogas, and bioplastics (polyhydroxyalkanoates, PHA). PHA production occurred using fermented dairy manure. State-of-the-art biokinetic modeling, performed using Dynamita's SUMO process model, was coupled with environmental life cycle assessment to quantify environmental sustainability. Results indicate that electricity production via combined heat and power (CHP) was most important in achieving environmental sustainability; energy offset ranged from 43% to 60%, thereby reducing demand for external fossil fuel-based energy. While struvite production helps maintain a resilient enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) process, MgO2 production exhibits negative environmental impacts; integration with CHP negates the adverse consequences. Integrating dairy manure to produce bioplastics diversifies the resource recovery portfolio while maintaining WRRF environmental sustainability; pilot-scale evaluations demonstrated that WRRF effluent quality was not affected by the addition of effluent from PHA production. Collectively, results show that a WRRF integrating dairy manure can yield a diverse portfolio of products while operating in an environmentally sustainable manner. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Wastewater carbon recovery via anaerobic digestion with combined heat/power production significantly reduces water resource recovery facility (WRRF) environmental emissions. Wastewater phosphorus recovery is of value; however, struvite production exhibits negative environmental impacts due to MgO2 production emissions. Bioplastics production on imported organic-rich agri-food waste can diversify the WRRF portfolio. Dairy manure can be successfully integrated into a WRRF for bioplastics production without compromising WRRF performance. Diversifying the WRRF products portfolio is a strategy to maximize resource recovery from wastewater while concurrently achieving environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik R Coats
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
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36
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Co-Management of Sewage Sludge and Other Organic Wastes: A Scandinavian Case Study. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14123411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Wastewater and sewage sludge contain organic matter that can be valorized through conversion into energy and/or green chemicals. Moreover, resource recovery from these wastes has become the new focus of wastewater management, to develop more sustainable processes in a circular economy approach. The aim of this review was to analyze current sewage sludge management systems in Scandinavia with respect to resource recovery, in combination with other organic wastes. As anaerobic digestion (AD) was found to be the common sludge treatment approach in Scandinavia, different available organic municipal and industrial wastes were identified and compared, to evaluate the potential for expanding the resource recovery by anaerobic co-digestion. Additionally, a full-scale case study of co-digestion, as strategy for optimization of the anaerobic digestion treatment, was presented for each country, together with advanced biorefinery approaches to wastewater treatment and resource recovery.
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Arcas-Pilz V, Rufí-Salís M, Parada F, Gabarrell X, Villalba G. Assessing the environmental behavior of alternative fertigation methods in soilless systems: The case of Phaseolus vulgaris with struvite and rhizobia inoculation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:144744. [PMID: 33736378 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban agriculture, while being a promising solution to increase food sovereignty in cities, can lead to an unprecedented discharge of nutrient and fertilizer-related emissions into the urban environment. Especially relevant are nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), due to their contribution to marine and freshwater eutrophication. Therefore, alternative methods of fertilization need to be put into practice to avoid such impacts to the surrounding environment. Struvite, has been studied as a potential slow releasing fertilizer due to its high P content, while the bacteria rhizobium has been used to fix N directly from the atmosphere. Legumes, like the common bean are N-demanding crops capable of symbiosis with the bacteria rhizobium and have previously shown positive responses to fertilization with struvite. This study aims to analyze the environmental performance of plant production in hydroponic systems combining rhizobium inoculation and struvite (2 g, 5 g, 10 g, 20 g) irrigated with a N and P deficient nutrient solution, using life cycle analysis (LCA). The nutrient content of in- and out-going irrigation was analyzed as well as in plants and beans. The functional unit for the LCA was 1 kg of fresh beans. The results obtained indicate a yield reduction of 60% to 50% in comparison to the control which was irrigated with a full nutrient solution. The impacts from operational stage are less in all impact categories, where most significant reductions up to 69% and 59% are seen in marine-eutrophication and global warming respectively. Although the infrastructure does not change between treatments, its impacts increase due to the lower yields. We determine that below a 10% of the control yield, the alternative systems have more impact than the use of conventional mineral fertilizers in almost all impact categories, thus pointing to the importance of infrastructure to truly reduce environmental impacts for urban agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Arcas-Pilz
- Sostenipra Research Group (2017 SGR 1683), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Rufí-Salís
- Sostenipra Research Group (2017 SGR 1683), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe Parada
- Sostenipra Research Group (2017 SGR 1683), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Gabarrell
- Sostenipra Research Group (2017 SGR 1683), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gara Villalba
- Sostenipra Research Group (2017 SGR 1683), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (CEX2019-000940-M), Z Building, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Yao X, Cao Y, Zheng G, Devlin AT, Yu B, Hou X, Tang S, Xu L, Lu Y. Use of life cycle assessment and water quality analysis to evaluate the environmental impacts of the bioremediation of polluted water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143260. [PMID: 33223159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lakes along the Yangtze River are important source of pollutants that ultimately flow from the river into the East China Sea. Bioremediation is a green technology used to treat polluted water in lakes along the Yangtze River. Life cycle assessment and a comprehensive water quality index are used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of constructed wetlands (CWs), ecological floating beds (EFBs), and combined ecological floating beds (CEFBs). The results showed that the raw material acquisition, construction, and operation of the CWs, EFBs, and CEFBs accounted for 24.1%, 35.3%, and 40.6%, respectively, of the total environmental impact. The acquisition of raw materials to construct the bioremediation system accounted for 51.6% of the total environmental impact. Among the nine impact categories considered, the system's global warming potential was the largest. Among the three stages of the project (raw material acquisition, construction, and operation), construction had the largest impact on eutrophication (the eutrophic potential of the construction stage was the largest). Furthermore, the operation of the project reduced the human eco-toxicity potential. The evaluation of the water quality before and after implementing the project revealed that CEFBs purified the water more effectively than CWs and EFBs did, particularly with respect to the removal of the total phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yao
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Cao
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and the Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Adam T Devlin
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Bao Yu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and the Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Hou
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Siwen Tang
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Lingming Xu
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanhong Lu
- School of Geography and the Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022 Nanchang, China
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Liu L, Hu J, Hou Y, Tao Z, Chen Z, Chen K. Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143283. [PMID: 33162149 PMCID: PMC7598438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
According to the latest reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was successfully isolated from the excreta (stool and urine) of COVID-19 patients, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted through excreta contaminated water. As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Recently, bats have been widely recognized as the source of SARS-CoV-2. There were many possible intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, including pangolin, snake, bird and fish, but which one was still not clear exactly. Here, we proposed a hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts, thus becoming a sustainable source of infection in rural China. Therefore, we believe that abolishing pit latrines and banning the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer can improve the local living environment and effectively prevent COVID-19 and other potential waterborne diseases that could emanate from the excreta of infected persons. Although this study focused on rural areas in China, the results could also be applied to low-income countries, especially in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cyberknife Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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40
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Gil-Izquierdo A, Pedreño MA, Montoro-García S, Tárraga-Martínez M, Iglesias P, Ferreres F, Barceló D, Núñez-Delicado E, Gabaldón JA. A sustainable approach by using microalgae to minimize the eutrophication process of Mar Menor lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143613. [PMID: 33218814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the removal capacity of microalgae photobioreactors of environmental pollutants present in wastewater from the dry riverbed El Albujón, as a way to minimize the eutrophication process of the Mar Menor. Particularly, the capacity of four autochthonous microalgae consortia collected from different locations of the salty lagoon to remove emerging contaminants (simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, adenosine and ibuprofen), nitrates, and phosphates, was evaluated. Among the four microalgae consortia, consortium 1 was the best in terms of biomass productivity (0.11 g L-1 d-1) and specific growth rate (0.14 d-1), providing 100% removal of emerging contaminants (simazine, atrazine, terbuthylazine, adenosine and ibuprofen), and a maximal reduction and consumption of macronutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates, reaching levels below 28 mg L-1, that is, a decrease of 89.90 and 99.70% of nitrates and phosphates, respectively. Therefore, this consortium (Monoraphidium sp., Desmodesmus subspicatus, Nannochloris sp.) could be selected as a green filter for successful large-scale applications. This study is the first one that combines the successful removal of herbicides, ibuprofen and adenosine as emerging contaminants, and nitrate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, E-30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - M A Pedreño
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - S Montoro-García
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - M Tárraga-Martínez
- Buggypower S.L, Miguel Hernández, 16, San Pedro del Pinatar, E-307040 Murcia, Spain
| | - P Iglesias
- Buggypower S.L, Miguel Hernández, 16, San Pedro del Pinatar, E-307040 Murcia, Spain
| | - F Ferreres
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Núñez-Delicado
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain
| | - J A Gabaldón
- Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation Research Group (REM), Health Sciences Department, Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos 135, Guadalupe E-30107, Spain.
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Hilton SP, Keoleian GA, Daigger GT, Zhou B, Love NG. Life Cycle Assessment of Urine Diversion and Conversion to Fertilizer Products at the City Scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:593-603. [PMID: 33319997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urine diversion has been proposed as an approach for producing renewable fertilizers and reducing nutrient loads to wastewater treatment plants. Life cycle assessment was used to compare environmental impacts of the operations phase of urine diversion and fertilizer processing systems [via (1) a urine concentration alternative and (2) a struvite precipitation and ion exchange alternative] at a city scale to conventional systems. Scenarios in Vermont, Michigan, and Virginia were modeled, along with additional sensitivity analyses to understand the importance of key parameters, such as the electricity grid and wastewater treatment method. Both urine diversion technologies had better environmental performance than the conventional system and led to reductions of 29-47% in greenhouse gas emissions, 26-41% in energy consumption, approximately half the freshwater use, and 25-64% in eutrophication potential, while acidification potential ranged between a 24% decrease to a 90% increase. In some situations, wastewater treatment chemical requirements were eliminated. The environmental performance improvement was usually dependent on offsetting the production of synthetic fertilizers. This study suggests that urine diversion could be applied broadly as a strategy for both improving wastewater management and decarbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Hilton
- Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gregory A Keoleian
- Center for Sustainable Systems, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bowen Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nancy G Love
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Ji B, Zhao Y, Vymazal J, Mander Ü, Lust R, Tang C. Mapping the field of constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell: A review and bibliometric analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128366. [PMID: 33182086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The embedding microbial fuel cell (MFC) into constructed wetlands (CW) to form CW-MFC bears the potential to obtain bioelectricity and a clean environment. In this study, a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer based on Web of Science data was conducted to provide an overview by tracing the development footprint of this technology. The countries, institutions, authors, key terms, and keywords were tracked and corresponding mapping was generated. From 2012 to September 2020, 442 authors from 129 organizations in 26 countries published 135 publications in 42 journals with total citation of 3139 times were found. The key terms analysis showed four clusters: bioelectricity generation performance, mechanism study, refractory pollutants removal, and enhanced conventional contaminants removal. Further research themes include exploring the biochemical properties of electrochemically active bacteria, emerging contaminants removal, effective bioelectricity harvest and the use, and biosensor development as well as scaling-up for real field application. The bibliometric results provide valuable references and information on potential research directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ji
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China
| | - Yaqian Zhao
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, PR China.
| | - Jan Vymazal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rauno Lust
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Cheng Tang
- School of Water and Environmental Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, PR China
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43
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Lam KL, van der Hoek JP. Low-Carbon Urban Water Systems: Opportunities beyond Water and Wastewater Utilities? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14854-14861. [PMID: 33170666 PMCID: PMC7711836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The provision of urban water and wastewater services contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Urban water supply and wastewater utilities can potentially achieve low-carbon or carbon-neutral operation through many "utility opportunities". Outside the jurisdiction of water utilities, many water-related "wider opportunities" can also contribute to GHG emissions abatement for cities. This study aims to explore the GHG emissions abatement potential, cost effectiveness, and enabling factors of implementing wider opportunities in cities. Using Amsterdam as a case study, we developed a marginal abatement cost curve to compare the abatement potential and cost effectiveness of both utility and wider opportunities. The results show that many wider opportunities related to thermal energy, water end use, and life cycle are cost-effective with significant abatement potential, compared to utility opportunities. This case study and emerging worldwide examples show that the water industry has a role to play to support wider water-related opportunities in cities. This vision can be supported by developing mechanisms to credit utilities for wider opportunity initiatives, building inter- and intrasectoral partnerships for utilities, accounting for scope 3 emissions of utilities, and being open to extend utilities' role beyond water and wastewater services providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Leung Lam
- Department
of Water Management, Delft University of
Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Peter van der Hoek
- Department
of Water Management, Delft University of
Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam
Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, Kattenburgerstraat 5, 1018 JA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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44
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Corominas L, Byrne DM, Guest JS, Hospido A, Roux P, Shaw A, Short MD. The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to wastewater treatment: A best practice guide and critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116058. [PMID: 32771688 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been widely applied in the wastewater industry, but inconsistencies in assumptions and methods have made it difficult for researchers and practitioners to synthesize results from across studies. This paper presents a critical review of published LCAs related to municipal wastewater management with a focus on developing systematic guidance for researchers and practitioners to conduct LCA studies to inform planning, design, and optimization of wastewater management and infrastructure (wastewater treatment plants, WWTPs; collection and reuse systems; related treatment technologies and policies), and to support the development of new technologies to advance treatment objectives and the sustainability of wastewater management. The paper guides the reader step by step through LCA methodology to make informed decisions on i) the definition of the goal and scope, ii) the selection of the functional unit and system boundaries, iii) the selection of variables to include and their sources to obtain inventories, iv) the selection of impact assessment methods, and v) the selection of an effective approach for data interpretation and communication to decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Corominas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
| | - Diana M Byrne
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Kentucky, 161 Raymond Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2331 Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, United States
| | - Almudena Hospido
- CRETUS Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, S/n., 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Philippe Roux
- ITAP, Univ Montpellier, Irstea, Montpellier SupAgro, ELSA Research Group and ELSA-PACT Industrial Chair, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew Shaw
- Black & Veatch, 4400 Post Oak Parkway, Suite 1200, Houston, TX, 77027, USA
| | - Michael D Short
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
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